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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to stuff Mom Never told you?

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Speaker 1: From house stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to

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Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Kristen and I'm Caroline, and today we

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Speaker 1: are talking about superstitions and lucky charms, which you know

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Speaker 1: that might sound like a ridiculous topic for this podcast,

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Speaker 1: only it would only be ridiculous if it were cereal.

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Speaker 1: If it were cereal charms, keep going, Okay, I was like, wait, wait, wait, wait,

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Speaker 1: like pop just horn pops. Yeah, just popcorn, roll with it. Okay,

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Speaker 1: lucky charms, not the cereal although now I'm kind of

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Speaker 1: craving lucky charms. Thank you. Caroline. Uh. Yes, so it's

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Speaker 1: it's a little bit of a random topic, but we

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Speaker 1: do have some gender differences to talk about and all,

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Speaker 1: so a little bit of illogical aspects of lucky charms. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean, I never thought that carrying lucky charms would work.

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Speaker 1: Apparently apparently it can do something for you though. But

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Speaker 1: before we get down to the lucky charms research, I

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Speaker 1: have a feeling. I feel like people are listening to

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Speaker 1: this right now and they're like they've gone off the detailed.

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Speaker 1: They just say lucky charms research man. Yeah, yeah, we're

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Speaker 1: gonna be stocking big Foot next. That's right. But before

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Speaker 1: we get down to that, let's talk about some crazy superstition.

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Speaker 1: Let's do it. Do you haven't any musical accompaniment, Caroline,

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Speaker 1: very superstition? Yeah, we got a little Stevie Wonder in

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Speaker 1: the house, isn't it there? Is it very superstitious? Is

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Speaker 1: it crazy superstition or very super superstition? We should have

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Speaker 1: checked our our Stevie Wonder lyrics before. Okay, yes, superstitious.

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Speaker 1: But of your superstitious thoughts, it's not uncommon, as many

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Speaker 1: of you could probably attest. Uh this this uh two

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Speaker 1: thousand four study from the universities of Hertfordshire and Edinburgh

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Speaker 1: found that people have always had these superstitious beliefs a k. A.

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Speaker 1: Magical thinking, which I like better. Yeah, magical thinking it's

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Speaker 1: the belief that an object, action or circumstance not logically

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Speaker 1: related to a course of events can influence its outcome.

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Speaker 1: And just in terms of the common superstitions that a

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Speaker 1: lot of people share. There was a British psychological survey

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Speaker 1: that was done I believe in two thousand eleven in

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Speaker 1: honor of National Science Week, and it found that the

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Speaker 1: number one superstition across the pond. And I have a

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Speaker 1: feeling it's very popular over here as well because I

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Speaker 1: do it knocking on would oh yeah not yeah, Absolutely,

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Speaker 1: you've got a knock on? What if you say something

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Speaker 1: to potentially k chins yourself? I do that all the time.

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Speaker 1: I will knock on any surface, really if I catch myself,

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Speaker 1: if there's not really, if there's not wood around, I

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Speaker 1: just knock on my own head self deprecating superstitious. So

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Speaker 1: followed by crossing fingers, avoiding walking under ladders, not smashing mirrors,

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Speaker 1: And that's just a good idea in general. It's hard

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Speaker 1: to clean up on that. Carrying a lucky charm and

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Speaker 1: avoiding the number thirteen. Like a lot of buildings, the

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Speaker 1: building that we are sitting in right now contains known

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Speaker 1: thirteenth floor. To any buildings that the thirteenth floor, I

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Speaker 1: don't know. I mean, if you're on the fourteenth floor,

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Speaker 1: then you're technically still on the thirteenth floor. It's just

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Speaker 1: not labeled that. Well, we're technically on the fourteenth floor,

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Speaker 1: so close call for us um And actually, speaking of

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Speaker 1: lucky charms. I realized as we were searching this podcast.

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Speaker 1: I don't like to think. I don't tend to think

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Speaker 1: of myself is very superstitious. But then I was like,

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Speaker 1: wait a minute, conger, you are knocking on wood all

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Speaker 1: the time. And I also where what I'm wearing right

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Speaker 1: around my neck today? I have my grandmother's wedding rings,

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Speaker 1: and um, they are a prize possession of mine and

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Speaker 1: I'm terrified that I will lose them. But they become

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Speaker 1: like a lucky charm of sorts. Yeah, I don't know

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Speaker 1: that there hasn't been an instance when it is, you know,

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Speaker 1: where some luck is abounded when I've been wearing them.

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Speaker 1: But I just like having like her kind of close.

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Speaker 1: It's a self soothing thing. I actually have the exact

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Speaker 1: same story. I am my my mom. Apparently I've hit

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Speaker 1: the age where I can now inherit my grandmother's jewelry

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Speaker 1: and or maybe my mother was just drinking a lot

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Speaker 1: of wine and rated her own jewelry box whatever. Um,

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Speaker 1: but I I got my grandmother's old ring that she

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Speaker 1: got in North Africa, and it's very like spiky, the

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Speaker 1: jewelry on it or the jewels on it are kind

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Speaker 1: of spiky. They kind of stand up. And I remember

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Speaker 1: when I left my last job, I was so nervous

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Speaker 1: about that discussion with my boss that I was like,

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna wear I'm gonna wear the ring today. It

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Speaker 1: makes me feel a little bit luckier. And because the

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Speaker 1: spiky jewel that it comes to blows, we can it

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Speaker 1: can be a nice protective item. You can have it out.

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Speaker 1: I mean, nothing like a lucky charm that serves multiple purposes,

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Speaker 1: but for a little more fun. With what people believe in,

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Speaker 1: Time magazine wrote a review of a book by Christian

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Speaker 1: Christopher Bader and Carson Mankin called Paranormal America, and they

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Speaker 1: found that the people most likely to believe in out

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Speaker 1: of body experiences and to say that they've had an

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Speaker 1: out of body experience highly educated people that college degree

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Speaker 1: comes with an out of body experience. Who believes in

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Speaker 1: UFOs Caroline, single white men. I'm not going to say

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Speaker 1: nerdy single white men, because that would be judg I

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Speaker 1: know a lot of Caucasian male humans who who believe

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Speaker 1: you an alien possibly who believe an extra trustrial life.

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Speaker 1: So I kinda not a big surprise. The best though,

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Speaker 1: was there finding that the folks most likely to believe

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Speaker 1: in Bigfoot are successful professionals. Yeah, so it sounds like,

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Speaker 1: if you're a single white, highly educated professional male, you

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Speaker 1: have a lot of superstition. Yeah, but if you taught

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Speaker 1: like change that to highly educated, single white, successful professional female,

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Speaker 1: then you are even more superstitious. Because we are now

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Speaker 1: getting into the gender aspect of superstition. And guess what, folks,

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Speaker 1: Repeated studies have found that women tend to be more

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Speaker 1: superstitious than men. Right. We also are more likely to

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Speaker 1: believe in ghosts and poultergeist or just that our houses

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Speaker 1: are haunted in general, which I may have maybe been

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Speaker 1: terrified that my last apartment was haunted whatever. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: don't don't know what would be haunting it. But yeah,

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Speaker 1: we also have trouble. We have a lot of trouble

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Speaker 1: as women. On Friday the thirteen. Oh man, this is

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Speaker 1: one of my favorite studies just in terms of the

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Speaker 1: ridiculous scale that I've ever run across in my history

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Speaker 1: of researching for stuff. Mom never told you. This was

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Speaker 1: published in two thousand two in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Caroline,

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Speaker 1: please share what these researchers found. Yeah, they looked at

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Speaker 1: I guess this must have been a pretty fun study

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Speaker 1: to do or to propose. In the first place, they

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Speaker 1: wanted to see if people got into more car accidents

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Speaker 1: on Friday the thirteenth, and they found that, yes, people do,

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Speaker 1: but specifically women. People get into more car accidents on

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Speaker 1: Friday the thirteenth, And they chalk that up to maybe

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Speaker 1: people's superstitions about the day interfering with their behavior. So

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Speaker 1: maybe we're so nervous that something bad is going to

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Speaker 1: happen on Friday the thirteenth that we go ahead and

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Speaker 1: just rearround the person in front of us. Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: a glaring example. It would seem of little mixed up

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Speaker 1: between correlation and causation. These study authors conclude, quote an

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Speaker 1: estimated thirty eight percent of traffic dusts involving women on

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Speaker 1: this day were attributable to Friday. So take that for

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Speaker 1: what you will. Maybe it's just in Finland, finished listeners,

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Speaker 1: do things get really weird on the road on Friday thirteenth?

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Speaker 1: But speaking more generally, there's a two thousand eleven study

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Speaker 1: of Rollins College that found that, again, women are more superstitious,

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Speaker 1: they are more likely to have religious beliefs, and stronger

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Speaker 1: religious beliefs than men, and also have significantly higher scores

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Speaker 1: in traditional superstitious beliefs, including superstitious behaviors like refraining from

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Speaker 1: something we think might jinx ourselves or engaging in rituals

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Speaker 1: like caring good luck charms, dressing a certain way, thinking

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Speaker 1: that will it will improve our performance. Yeah. I typically

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Speaker 1: do the inks thing, like I will avoid talking about

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Speaker 1: something or or sounding, you know, too optimistic about something

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Speaker 1: in case it jinks is it? Which is silly? I

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Speaker 1: do the same thing. And speaking of Friday, women, according

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Speaker 1: to this two thousand eleven study, were more likely to

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Speaker 1: refrain from taking an exam on that day. Stupid. I'm

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Speaker 1: sorry with that, judgy, that's so stupid. Why would you

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Speaker 1: not take an exam because it's Friday if you studied

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Speaker 1: for it. People? Maybe because it is clearly dangerous to

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Speaker 1: traffic that day, Carol driving to campus? Yeah, maybe you

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Speaker 1: should just say of traffic deaths. Um. Well, another thing

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Speaker 1: that we should touch on about superstitious behavior, not to uh,

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Speaker 1: not to offend anyone, but so there were a lot

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Speaker 1: of attempts to understand this whole magical thinking thing why

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Speaker 1: people are superstitious and in the nineteen eighties, scientists developed

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Speaker 1: the paranormal belief scale, and research around this time found

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Speaker 1: it superstitious beliefs are associated with poor psychological adjustment, such

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Speaker 1: as low confidence in your ability to succeed, high anxiety,

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Speaker 1: irrational beliefs, and external locus of control, etcetera, etcetera. But

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Speaker 1: that had more to do with the actual negative superstitions.

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Speaker 1: So you know you're afraid to break a mirror because

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Speaker 1: it will bring bad luck. People who have positive superstitions

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Speaker 1: like if I carry this rabbit's foot, good things are

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Speaker 1: going to happen to me, those people weren't as much

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Speaker 1: covered under this belief scale. Under the paranormal belief scale, yeah,

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Speaker 1: they are considered actually to be more psychologically adaptive than

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Speaker 1: their negative superstitious counterparts. And speaking of psychology, the main

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Speaker 1: explanation for why women tend to carry more superstitious beliefs

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Speaker 1: is because women also tend to exhibit higher trade anxiety

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Speaker 1: than men do. Because it seems like with positive and

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Speaker 1: negative superstitions, whether it's saying like my grandmother's ring are

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Speaker 1: going to make my day better, or I better not

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Speaker 1: smash this mirroralds like blood will rain down on my head.

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Speaker 1: I don't know. I don't know what happens if you

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Speaker 1: smash the mire, but um, either way, it's rooted in

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Speaker 1: some kind of anxiety that you need to need to

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Speaker 1: perform well, you need some you need a boost of

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Speaker 1: some sort, whether you're avoiding something or competing for something. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and that two thousand four study, uh that I mentioned earlier,

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Speaker 1: it did confirm what Christians talking about that women do

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Speaker 1: have more superstitious beliefs. And they asked people, men and

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Speaker 1: women people to agree or disagree with positive and negative

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Speaker 1: superstitious statements, and women um agreed to a greater extent

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Speaker 1: with both than men did. Women were more eager, I guess,

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Speaker 1: to agree with these superstitious things. Um. And speaking now

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Speaker 1: into the whole lucky charms aspect of it, moving into

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Speaker 1: the positive non blood rain real of superstition, Uh, seventy

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Speaker 1: of college students exhibit superstitious beliefs or rituals before exams

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Speaker 1: or athletic performances. And this whole athletic performance thing is

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Speaker 1: really interesting because yeah, we have all this data saying well,

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Speaker 1: women are more superstitious. But if you get into professional athletics,

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Speaker 1: there are so many stories, especially with baseball. It seems

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Speaker 1: like detailing professional male athletes rituals before games that they

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Speaker 1: have to do, which seemed kind of weird, including who

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Speaker 1: was it. Let's see Jason Giambi probably saying that wrong

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Speaker 1: John by Jason Giambi. Totally cool, Okay, thank you Carolin.

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Speaker 1: He was a Rockies first baseman and he would wear

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Speaker 1: a golden thong if he found himself in a slump

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Speaker 1: at the plate. That sounds heavy. And then Moises Alou,

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Speaker 1: who was a National League outfielder, would frequently urinate on

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Speaker 1: his hands because he thought that it would help him

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Speaker 1: hold the bat. Yeah. And then you have Wade Bogs,

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Speaker 1: who would scrap, among so many other things that he did.

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Speaker 1: He would scratch the Hebrew word for life in the

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Speaker 1: dirt before every ad bat and made sure to eat

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Speaker 1: chicken before every game. Yes, I also wear golden thong

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Speaker 1: and eat chicken before coming into the studio. So she's

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Speaker 1: actually wearing the thong over her clothes. Um. Yeah, And

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Speaker 1: Michael Jordan's I feel like this is a commonly sided

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Speaker 1: thing as far as superstitions go. He wore his college

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Speaker 1: shorts under his NBA uniform. And then there's Lebron James

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Speaker 1: throwing chalk dust into the air. Maybe we should try

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Speaker 1: that before the podcast. Ye. So yeah, all of these,

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Speaker 1: all these rituals that these successful athletes are performing, the

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Speaker 1: question is does it work? And one of the reasons

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Speaker 1: why we wanted to do this podcast was because we

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Speaker 1: ran across a study from two thousand ten publishing Psychological

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Speaker 1: Science saying that you know what, they actually might help. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that golden thong might be worth well wearing a thong

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Speaker 1: if you're a baseball player. Um yeah. And it's not

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Speaker 1: necessarily the lucky charm itself. It's not attracting cosmic luck

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Speaker 1: from the heavens for you necessarily, it's bringing you confidence. Um.

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Speaker 1: Psychologist Liesan Damash I might be pronouncing her name wrong. Also,

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Speaker 1: she's from the University of Cologne and Germany found that

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Speaker 1: superstitious thinking directly before a task may boost a person's

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Speaker 1: self efficacy. In other words, they're confidence in themselves and

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Speaker 1: that actually boosts your expectations and your persistence. So if

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Speaker 1: you think like, okay, well, if I don't have this

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Speaker 1: lucky charm, I'm not going to do as well, you

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Speaker 1: might not have confidence, you might lose your concentration. All

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Speaker 1: of these athletes who are doing this stuff, it sounds crazy,

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Speaker 1: but if it puts them at ease and makes them

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Speaker 1: more confident in their abilities, that can actually end up

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Speaker 1: helping them perform better. Right, And the way these researchers

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Speaker 1: came to that conclusion was in the study entitled keep

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Speaker 1: your Fingers Crossed, How Superstition Improves Performance. Uh, they had

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Speaker 1: two groups of participants who We're going to have to

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Speaker 1: put some golf balls into a hole from like four

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Speaker 1: feet away, which, you know what, I'm gonna be honest

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Speaker 1: with you, that would be a hard task for me

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Speaker 1: to complete golf and I don't get along the hong.

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Speaker 1: But so half the participants were given these supposedly lucky

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Speaker 1: balls and the other half were just, you know, told hey,

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Speaker 1: just go do this. And then uh, they also repeated

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Speaker 1: these exercise where half the participants were told by the facilitator,

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Speaker 1: we have our fingers crossed for you. We want you

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Speaker 1: to do really well. And for both groups, when there

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Speaker 1: was some aspect of luck imbued into this experiment, uh,

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Speaker 1: they got an average of two out of ten more

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Speaker 1: balls into the whole. And then when they went back

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Speaker 1: performed another experiment with two groups again who were asked

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Speaker 1: to perform some kind of like concentration and memory task.

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Speaker 1: The group that was told to bring a lucky charm

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Speaker 1: with them, a personal lucky charm like my grandmother's rings.

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Speaker 1: That group also performed better on the concentration and memory

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Speaker 1: And they think, like you said, it has something to

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Speaker 1: do with that added boost of confidence, which is grounded

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Speaker 1: completely in unreality and magical thinking. There's no my grandmother's rings.

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Speaker 1: I mean, rest her soul. I love grandmother very very much,

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Speaker 1: but I know that she's not. You know, she's not

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Speaker 1: in these rings somehow like spirit guiding me through the world.

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Speaker 1: But it's just it's it's it's like a weight off,

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Speaker 1: like a tiny even the tiniest weight off your brain.

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Speaker 1: Sometimes when you have to perform or something big is

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Speaker 1: coming up. I can understand how that how that could help. Yeah, well,

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Speaker 1: that's what Ellen Langer in the nineteen seventies called the

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Speaker 1: illusion of control, where people irrationally overestimate their possibility of

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Speaker 1: success if they had a sense that they could control

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Speaker 1: the situation, even if those outcomes were random. So anything

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Speaker 1: including you know, for these athletes like we said, anything

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Speaker 1: that gives you that sense of I got this can

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Speaker 1: help you perform better. Yeah. In two thousand eleven, UH,

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Speaker 1: CNN covered this phenomenon and they talked to Greg Steinberg,

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Speaker 1: who is the author of the book Full Throttle and

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Speaker 1: a professor of human performance at Austin Peace State University,

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Speaker 1: and uh he talked about this aspect of you know,

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Speaker 1: the athletic rituals, and he says that when you do

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Speaker 1: something that's superstitious, like wearing a trinket, it gives you

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Speaker 1: that greater sense of control. And if you're an athletic trainer,

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Speaker 1: you are probably not going to discourage your uh, your

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Speaker 1: picture from eating that bucket of chicken before the game

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Speaker 1: if he's winning, even though you know, maybe nutritionally doesn't

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Speaker 1: need to eat a bucket of chicken, or hey, dude,

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Speaker 1: you know writing Hebrew on the mound. That's not going

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Speaker 1: to do anything for your game. But if he's doing

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Speaker 1: it and it's in his brain or her brain, uh,

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Speaker 1: you don't want to change that routine. Yeah, there's one

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Speaker 1: there's one superstition that seems to be catching on in

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Speaker 1: the athletic world, and that is this wasn't from the

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Speaker 1: same same CNN story that Christen is talking about. It

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Speaker 1: talks about these fighting necklaces, Fighting, Fighting, Fighting. They're basically like,

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Speaker 1: just I feel like these people are getting ripped off. Um.

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Speaker 1: They are these necklaces that are made from fabric and

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Speaker 1: have metals woven into them. But the manufacturer claims that

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Speaker 1: the jewelry gives athletes and edge with the special technology,

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Speaker 1: which apparently involves metals being broken down into microscopic particles

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Speaker 1: dispersed in water. Uh so this is supposedly supposed to

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Speaker 1: like fix all your electric herrns in your body that

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Speaker 1: gets screwed up when you're stressed out or exercising or something,

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Speaker 1: or you know. Connecticut College professor Stewart Vice says Fighting

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Speaker 1: has used a pseudo scientific appeal in making their products.

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Speaker 1: There's actually no science to back it up. But it

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Speaker 1: goes back to the whole thing of like, well, if

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Speaker 1: these athletes feel like they're performing better with it, you

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Speaker 1: shouldn't stop them from using it. However, it's you're kind

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Speaker 1: of ripping people off. We'll see. That's that's the thing

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Speaker 1: that Catch twenty two of understanding the science of superstition

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Speaker 1: and lucky charms, because uh, you know, the magical thinking,

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Speaker 1: the magical belief, and that illusion of control is what

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Speaker 1: actually potentially gives you some kind of edge. Um. And

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Speaker 1: also we should back this up by saying, like, these

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Speaker 1: athletes are also successful because they put the time and

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Speaker 1: the work in. Obviously it takes preparation, but you have

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Speaker 1: this edge given to you with this psychology of magical thinking.

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Speaker 1: But then it's like, once you understand what's going on,

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Speaker 1: doesn't that take away the potential uh magical properties of

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Speaker 1: these things that we carry around our rabbit's feet in

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Speaker 1: our pocket. It's a little ironic sciences by and got

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Speaker 1: to be such a buzz kill all the time. But

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Speaker 1: I think it's interesting though. I mean, like, I'm not

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Speaker 1: going to stop knocking on what would when I catch

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Speaker 1: myself like saying something that I don't want to not

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Speaker 1: be true? Or wearing my grandmother's necklaces on a day

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Speaker 1: if I'm particularly nervous, Yeah, are wearing my grandmother's ring

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Speaker 1: if I think I'm going to get in a fight. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So I don't know. I think it's uh, it's it's

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Speaker 1: fun to explore and it's interesting to see how we

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Speaker 1: almost will trick ourselves too, you know, perform better. Hey,

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Speaker 1: whatever works as long as it's not steroids. Right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: there's a message for the kids, long as it's not steroids. Um. So,

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Speaker 1: I hope you had fun with this little superstitious podcast.

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Speaker 1: And we want to hear from folks out there. I mean,

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Speaker 1: do you have a lucky charm that has been proven

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Speaker 1: time and again to bring you successful results? Yeah? Like

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Speaker 1: my my roommate, for instance, all through college, every U

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Speaker 1: G A game he went to, he wore the same

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Speaker 1: shirt and would only would only wash it at the

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Speaker 1: end of the season and he yea. We went to

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Speaker 1: a Braves game together not too long ago, and he

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Speaker 1: wore a new Brave jersey for the first time and

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Speaker 1: they won and it was fantastic and Chipper Jones had

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Speaker 1: like a bajillion home runs and he was like, I'm

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Speaker 1: never wearing another jersey to a Braves game. It's like, oh,

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Speaker 1: you might be psychologically unstable according to this research. No, well,

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Speaker 1: just a little magical thinking, little magical thing. Come on,

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Speaker 1: we all need a little magical thinking in our life,

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Speaker 1: right sure, Hey, the stakes are the stakes are high.

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Speaker 1: He feels like he needs to do whatever we can

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Speaker 1: to help the team at least he's not talking about Bigfoot, right,

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Speaker 1: that's true, or UFOs and at least he's not on

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Speaker 1: steroids either. Solve these things good, No, send us your

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Speaker 1: lucky Charms stories, mom. Stuff at Discovery dot com is

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Speaker 1: where you can send them. And we have a couple

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Speaker 1: letters to share with you right now. So I've got

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Speaker 1: one here from Liz and she's writing in response to

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Speaker 1: our episode on why are Humans Helpful? And she said,

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Speaker 1: I'm a little disappointed you didn't mention the work of

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Speaker 1: evolutionary biologist Joan rough Garden. She's been a professor at

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Speaker 1: Stanford for over forty years and a vocal critic of

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Speaker 1: the idea that selfishness lies at the core of natural selection.

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Speaker 1: In her social selection theory, she argues that instead of

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Speaker 1: selfishness driving individuals to have as many offspring as possible

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Speaker 1: sexual selection, the main force driving evolution is cooperation between

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Speaker 1: members of the same species to create a stable environment

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Speaker 1: for offspring to read reproductive age. After all, it doesn't

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Speaker 1: matter how many offspring you have if they all die

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Speaker 1: before passing on their genes themselves. In her book Evolutions,

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Speaker 1: Rainbow and the Genial Gene, she also argues against the

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Speaker 1: idea proposed by sexual selection that males are naturally driven

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Speaker 1: to promiscuity and females to monogamy, and presents an exhaustive

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Speaker 1: list of examples from nature that refute this narrative. She

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Speaker 1: goes on to criticize sexual selection for its inability to

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Speaker 1: explain things like same sex sexuality, which has been observed

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Speaker 1: in over three hundred species. Her theory is not without

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Speaker 1: its detractors, but her ideas are, in my opinion, at least,

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Speaker 1: some of the most interesting and important to come of

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Speaker 1: evolutionary biology in a long time. So yeah, Joan Rough Garden, evolutions, rainbow,

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Speaker 1: and the genial gene. Okay, here's an email from Drew

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Speaker 1: in response to our Romances podcast from a couple of

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Speaker 1: months back. He said, being gay, it is probably not

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Speaker 1: surprising that my two closest friends are women. However, aside

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Speaker 1: from these two most intimate friendships, the majority of my

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Speaker 1: friends happen to be straight men. I have found that

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Speaker 1: not only are these men perfectly okay with developing a

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Speaker 1: close friendship with me, but they're also greatly intrigued by

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Speaker 1: gay culture. I have taken them all out to gay

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Speaker 1: clubs on several occasions, and each time they have all

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Speaker 1: thoroughly enjoyed themselves. While none of them have any sexual

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Speaker 1: interest in men, they have all told me that gay

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Speaker 1: clubs provide a much more relaxed environment in which they

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Speaker 1: can dance without the pressures they find at stray clubs.

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Speaker 1: From my own experiences, my face to face friendships are

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Speaker 1: primarily with women, while my side to side friendships are

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Speaker 1: with men. In this day and age, I like to

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Speaker 1: think we gays are getting the best of both worlds

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Speaker 1: when it comes to friendships. I appreciate the deep emotional

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Speaker 1: connections I share with my girlfriends just as much as

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Speaker 1: the shared bond I've developed with my rock climbing turned

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Speaker 1: gay club enthused buddies. Excellent jin thanks to everyone who

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Speaker 1: has written in mom Stuff at discovery dot com is

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00:24:46,520 --> 00:24:48,639
Speaker 1: where you can send us your letters. You can also

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Speaker 1: find us on Facebook. We'll leave us a message they're

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00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:54,600
Speaker 1: like as if you would, and follow us on Twitter

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Speaker 1: at Mom's Stuff podcast. And if you want to learn

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00:24:58,840 --> 00:25:01,960
Speaker 1: more about tad news and superstitions, you can head on

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00:25:02,119 --> 00:25:09,440
Speaker 1: over to our website at shaw stuff works dot com

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Speaker 1: for more on this and thousands of other topics. Is

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Speaker 1: it how stuff works dot Com brought to you by

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Speaker 1: the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. It's ready, are you