WEBVTT - Creature Classic©: Don't Boop These Snoots! 0:00:06.880 --> 0:00:10.760 Welcome to Creature feature production of iHeartRadio. I'm your host 0:00:10.800 --> 0:00:15.560 of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology and evolutionary biology, 0:00:15.560 --> 0:00:18.160 and today on the show, we're talking about some animals 0:00:18.160 --> 0:00:21.040 that you should not have as a pet unless you 0:00:21.079 --> 0:00:25.600 want to become extremely dead. From innocent looking beach beauties 0:00:25.640 --> 0:00:29.880 to our lovable goofy and deadly cousins, these creatures would 0:00:29.880 --> 0:00:33.479 sooner destroy you than cuddle. Discover this and more as 0:00:33.520 --> 0:00:36.520 we answer the age old question when does a kangaroo 0:00:36.640 --> 0:00:40.199 become your King of Doom? Joining me today is the 0:00:40.280 --> 0:00:44.240 Internet's zoologist TikTok Star and author of the book one 0:00:44.320 --> 0:00:46.440 Hundred Animals That Can Fucking End You. 0:00:46.880 --> 0:00:48.280 Mama, do welcome. 0:00:49.120 --> 0:00:51.600 I just want to say that was your radio voice. 0:00:51.920 --> 0:00:54.360 That was amazing. I want to be able to do 0:00:54.400 --> 0:00:56.960 that one day. But thanks for having me. This is 0:00:57.160 --> 0:00:58.000 really exciting. 0:00:58.440 --> 0:01:01.240 You're very welcome. That's about it for my radio voice. 0:01:01.280 --> 0:01:03.040 The rest of the show is just in my normal 0:01:03.120 --> 0:01:06.440 voice because I don't have written out for me what 0:01:06.520 --> 0:01:09.840 I say. So, Yeah, I love your content. I love 0:01:09.880 --> 0:01:14.480 how you make evolutionary biology relatable, exciting, fun and scary. 0:01:14.600 --> 0:01:18.320 It's it's definitely the kind of thing I'm super into. 0:01:18.520 --> 0:01:20.600 Well, thank you, I really appreciate it. My whole thing 0:01:20.640 --> 0:01:22.399 with what I do is I kind of wanted to 0:01:22.400 --> 0:01:24.560 make the type of content that I myself as a 0:01:24.600 --> 0:01:28.080 kid would have really liked not necessary for people that 0:01:28.160 --> 0:01:31.120 don't necessarily watch the hour long documentaries or they're not 0:01:31.160 --> 0:01:34.120 exactly Animal Planet like junkies the way I was, they 0:01:34.160 --> 0:01:36.240 could still get something out of the content because of 0:01:36.480 --> 0:01:39.560 just the way I present information. I feel like it's entertaining, 0:01:39.600 --> 0:01:42.160 it's funny, but you can also come away with it 0:01:42.200 --> 0:01:45.280 and learn something, and you have a bunch of things 0:01:45.319 --> 0:01:47.720 you can like take to your friends and start conversations, 0:01:47.760 --> 0:01:49.480 and you know, just being able to foster an interest 0:01:49.520 --> 0:01:51.240 in the environment the way that I do. Yeah, I 0:01:51.240 --> 0:01:53.120 think that's kind of the main goal of like the 0:01:53.160 --> 0:01:55.240 platform that I have, and that's been going pretty well 0:01:55.280 --> 0:01:55.640 so far. 0:01:56.160 --> 0:01:59.080 I think it's the absolute best use of tik talk 0:01:59.160 --> 0:02:03.760 because TikTok's very addictive, but I love just having these little, 0:02:03.800 --> 0:02:07.760 like little cookies of information that you get and there 0:02:08.520 --> 0:02:10.480 it is. It does remind me of when I was 0:02:10.520 --> 0:02:13.000 a kid and i'd watched Animal Planet, one of my 0:02:13.200 --> 0:02:15.720 favorite shows I think was like the World's Most Extreme 0:02:15.800 --> 0:02:19.040 and they do like a countdown of the most extreme animals, 0:02:19.080 --> 0:02:20.600 and that was always so fun. 0:02:20.639 --> 0:02:23.040 No, I watched that show religiously. 0:02:22.600 --> 0:02:25.760 Me too, just every day after school, and it was 0:02:25.840 --> 0:02:27.760 like it was so exciting for me. And so I 0:02:27.800 --> 0:02:30.960 love how you capture that excitement of like looking at 0:02:31.000 --> 0:02:34.320 some of the most intense animals that blow your mind 0:02:34.320 --> 0:02:35.880 that they even exist. 0:02:37.520 --> 0:02:39.600 Honestly, Yeah, even if you watch that show and you 0:02:39.639 --> 0:02:42.560 watch my content, you could definitely see like where I 0:02:42.639 --> 0:02:45.880 like took inspiration from it. Like that show was. As 0:02:45.919 --> 0:02:47.880 a kid, I wasn't really allowed to watch TV on 0:02:47.919 --> 0:02:49.840 the weekdays, that was the rule. But I was able 0:02:49.840 --> 0:02:53.720 to get around that because Animal Planet Discovery channels technically educational, 0:02:53.800 --> 0:02:56.880 so I was able to get away. So I was 0:02:56.919 --> 0:02:59.839 watching the Most Extreme all the time. I had even 0:02:59.840 --> 0:03:02.040 had blank CDs and I had my mom burn like 0:03:02.080 --> 0:03:05.520 episodes on the disc, so I just watch it whenever. Yeah, 0:03:05.600 --> 0:03:06.400 I love that show. 0:03:06.480 --> 0:03:08.920 We would have been friends in school because yeah, that 0:03:09.000 --> 0:03:11.720 I was all about that show. That was amazing. And 0:03:11.800 --> 0:03:15.000 so today we are doing kind of the most extreme 0:03:15.040 --> 0:03:19.079 animals in terms of how surprisingly deadly they are. I mean, 0:03:19.440 --> 0:03:22.040 these are not the deadliest animals in the world or 0:03:22.080 --> 0:03:24.600 the most dangerous. These are animals that you would not 0:03:24.919 --> 0:03:29.080 think are as dangerous as they really are. Animals that 0:03:29.200 --> 0:03:33.080 we love, that look innocent, that look beautiful, and definitely 0:03:33.200 --> 0:03:35.720 don't seem like they would pack the punch that they 0:03:35.760 --> 0:03:36.200 really do. 0:03:36.400 --> 0:03:39.440 Yeah, definitely. I feel like everyone can easily identify what 0:03:39.560 --> 0:03:42.320 animals are dangerous, the lines, the tigers, the bears. But 0:03:42.520 --> 0:03:44.839 a lot of times these animals that people like kind 0:03:44.840 --> 0:03:47.840 of take for granted that people just assume because they're cute. 0:03:48.520 --> 0:03:50.920 They kind of put human characteristics onto them to answer 0:03:50.960 --> 0:03:53.200 form size them and to be fair, I do that 0:03:53.240 --> 0:03:55.360 a lot of my videos. But I feel like when 0:03:55.360 --> 0:03:58.520 people like take that like out into the real world, 0:03:58.600 --> 0:04:00.800 that's when people like really get hurt. Like I don't 0:04:00.840 --> 0:04:02.560 know what the exact numbers are, but I know the 0:04:02.600 --> 0:04:07.280 animal that causes the most like injuries in America more 0:04:07.360 --> 0:04:10.760 than like the cougars and the bears, it's like bison. Yeah, 0:04:10.800 --> 0:04:13.080 because people will walk right up to these bison, these 0:04:13.080 --> 0:04:16.080 two thousand pounds bison, because they're like docile, they're pretty 0:04:16.080 --> 0:04:19.640 calm around people. If you're like respect their space, people 0:04:19.680 --> 0:04:21.400 will go right up to them and take pictures of 0:04:21.400 --> 0:04:23.360 them and then at least once a year somebody gets 0:04:23.440 --> 0:04:26.479 gets sent to the hospital because they get gored, and 0:04:26.640 --> 0:04:29.839 just things like that. Is like it's fun to like 0:04:30.040 --> 0:04:32.080 free people out with animal facts, but just also to 0:04:32.160 --> 0:04:34.240 like make people aware that you know, these are still 0:04:34.240 --> 0:04:36.960 wild animals, and you know you wouldn't say like that 0:04:37.000 --> 0:04:39.679 and that like an animal went crazy, it just did. 0:04:39.520 --> 0:04:43.919 What It's just an animal, yeah, exactly. Yeah, And I 0:04:43.920 --> 0:04:47.760 think there is this misconception that herbivores are harmless, that 0:04:47.920 --> 0:04:49.520 only carnivores. 0:04:48.880 --> 0:04:49.839 You have to worry about. 0:04:49.880 --> 0:04:53.680 But herbivores have a tough life. They have to defend themselves, 0:04:53.760 --> 0:04:57.200 and so they're some of the most dangerous animals can 0:04:57.240 --> 0:05:00.920 be herbivores. I mean, like hippos are much more dangerous 0:05:00.960 --> 0:05:05.320 than lions, and they're herbivores, but they are much more aggressive, 0:05:05.440 --> 0:05:08.640 much more dangerous. You're much more likely to be injured 0:05:08.720 --> 0:05:10.719 by a hippo than you are by a lion. 0:05:11.400 --> 0:05:12.360 And it is. 0:05:12.560 --> 0:05:17.560 Yeah, it is just respecting nature, not always thinking you 0:05:17.600 --> 0:05:20.840 can like stroll right up to an animal, pick it up, 0:05:20.960 --> 0:05:23.880 touch it without there being consequences. 0:05:24.240 --> 0:05:26.720 Definitely, something I would always say is that like when 0:05:26.720 --> 0:05:28.800 you're dealing with a carnivore, you have to you just 0:05:28.880 --> 0:05:31.680 convince it that you're not worth the calories. But for 0:05:31.760 --> 0:05:34.080 a herbivore, it assumes that you're trying to kill it, 0:05:34.120 --> 0:05:36.680 so it's trying to come after you first. Like that's 0:05:36.680 --> 0:05:39.800 why moose are like a pretty big problem, like more 0:05:39.839 --> 0:05:43.120 so than bears and wolves and cougars. It's the herbivores, 0:05:43.160 --> 0:05:46.599 like you said, like moose and bison, and even like deer. 0:05:47.640 --> 0:05:49.800 There are a lot of people in the hospital and 0:05:49.839 --> 0:05:51.719 a deer sent them there. So you know, it's just 0:05:52.400 --> 0:05:55.160 understanding that these animals have been around for like millions 0:05:55.160 --> 0:05:57.520 of years. They have developed these like ways to survive 0:05:57.640 --> 0:06:01.279 in like pretty harsh climates. And well they're not exactly 0:06:01.360 --> 0:06:04.880 they're not like you can respect them from like a distance, 0:06:04.880 --> 0:06:08.280 but once you like enter like their like environment, you 0:06:08.320 --> 0:06:11.360 can be conceived as a threat. And that's that's where 0:06:11.360 --> 0:06:12.400 things get bad for people. 0:06:12.640 --> 0:06:15.760 Yeah, yeah, it is. It's all about respect. You always 0:06:15.800 --> 0:06:20.440 have to respect nature, respect deer and they won't they 0:06:20.480 --> 0:06:26.120 won't come hunt you down find you. But yeah, so 0:06:26.400 --> 0:06:29.240 first we are going to talk about an animal that 0:06:29.440 --> 0:06:33.080 looks very harmless in fact, like you may be on 0:06:33.160 --> 0:06:36.359 the beach spot one of these and think literally nothing 0:06:36.440 --> 0:06:39.479 of it other than it's pretty and something that maybe 0:06:39.480 --> 0:06:41.920 you would want to collect as a beach comber, but 0:06:42.000 --> 0:06:45.680 you should never do that because they're extremely dangerous. And 0:06:46.360 --> 0:06:50.600 these are the cone snails. They're one of my favorite 0:06:50.680 --> 0:06:55.120 surprise dangers of I remember learning about these a long 0:06:55.120 --> 0:06:58.000 time ago and just being horrified at the idea of them. So, 0:06:58.800 --> 0:07:03.000 cone snails are a group of beautiful marine mollusks with 0:07:03.080 --> 0:07:06.920 these spectacular cone shaped shells, and there are many different species. 0:07:07.000 --> 0:07:11.440 There's over nine hundred species. They're found in warm tropical 0:07:11.480 --> 0:07:14.880 waters all over the world. And they look innocent, right, Oh, 0:07:14.920 --> 0:07:15.680 they definitely do. 0:07:15.720 --> 0:07:17.440 And I feel like just snails in general are just 0:07:17.480 --> 0:07:20.200 something cartoons teach a lot of people that snails are 0:07:20.240 --> 0:07:23.640 like harmless and slow and just. But these cone snails, 0:07:23.640 --> 0:07:25.760 one thing about them is they are what they are 0:07:25.760 --> 0:07:28.600 incredibly venomous. But it's not just one toxin that a 0:07:28.640 --> 0:07:31.320 lot of cone snales have different combinations of toxins up 0:07:31.360 --> 0:07:33.880 to fifty and like you said, there's nine hundred different 0:07:33.880 --> 0:07:36.760 types of cone snails, so there isn't one specific venom 0:07:36.800 --> 0:07:40.200 that one uses. That's why if you get stung, there 0:07:40.320 --> 0:07:42.440 is really no anti venom. All they can really do 0:07:42.680 --> 0:07:44.960 is manage your symptoms and keep you from like, you know, 0:07:45.640 --> 0:07:48.600 like gets flatlining. But yeah, and to be fair, like 0:07:48.840 --> 0:07:50.800 the chances of you dying from a cone snail with 0:07:50.880 --> 0:07:53.640 like media medical attention, you're probably gonna be fine. But like, 0:07:53.680 --> 0:07:55.760 all they can really do is manage your symptoms and 0:07:55.840 --> 0:07:58.680 keep you breathing because there's just so many toxins that 0:07:58.720 --> 0:08:01.800 they use. And another thing is they are ironically one 0:08:01.840 --> 0:08:03.720 of the fastest things on the planet. I don't know 0:08:03.840 --> 0:08:08.800 the exact number, but they strike faster than you can blink. 0:08:08.840 --> 0:08:11.840 They are incredibly fast because they obviously they can't move, 0:08:11.920 --> 0:08:14.880 so like whenever a prey item like a fish, gets 0:08:14.920 --> 0:08:17.400 anywhere near them, they have like a split second to 0:08:17.520 --> 0:08:21.000 like just ensnare them and just engulf them. So that's 0:08:21.040 --> 0:08:23.160 what like, if you're anywhere near them and you think 0:08:23.960 --> 0:08:26.240 like they really, they can strike you faster than you 0:08:26.280 --> 0:08:28.960 even have time to recognize what's going on. So yeah, 0:08:29.320 --> 0:08:31.680 and it's incredibly painful that no one wants to deal 0:08:31.720 --> 0:08:33.640 with that. So yeah, cone staals, you see them on 0:08:33.679 --> 0:08:37.040 the beach, do not do not pick. And that's the problem, right, 0:08:37.120 --> 0:08:40.480 because they're so colorful and a lot of people take 0:08:40.520 --> 0:08:42.240 that as a sign to pick them up. Their color 0:08:42.360 --> 0:08:44.319 is designed to tell you not to pick them. Yeah, 0:08:44.360 --> 0:08:47.000 because anything that isn't trying to actively hide from you, 0:08:47.480 --> 0:08:49.559 there's a pretty big reason for that. Like the poisoned 0:08:49.600 --> 0:08:52.920 dart frogs. The color, they're not trying to camouflage. There's 0:08:52.920 --> 0:08:54.960 a reason why they're like standing out somewhuch. 0:08:55.080 --> 0:08:57.720 So yeah, yeah, not pick them up. 0:08:58.080 --> 0:08:58.240 Yeah. 0:08:58.280 --> 0:09:02.120 Apemitism is when an animal has a bright color or 0:09:02.240 --> 0:09:05.960 pattern that is a warning to potential predators that it 0:09:06.040 --> 0:09:12.720 is toxic, poisonous, or venomous. And yeah, these cone snails 0:09:12.760 --> 0:09:15.840 are indeed very venomous, and like you said, you know, 0:09:15.880 --> 0:09:20.319 they move slowly in terms of locomotion, but they are 0:09:20.440 --> 0:09:24.600 able to strike extremely quickly like some kind of gunslinger. 0:09:25.280 --> 0:09:30.920 And they are not like your typical innocent little snail, 0:09:31.160 --> 0:09:36.280 marine snail. They are predatory carnivores and they are armed 0:09:36.320 --> 0:09:41.320 to the teeth. In fact, that injection the venom that 0:09:41.360 --> 0:09:46.160 they do is a modified tooth that is turned into 0:09:46.240 --> 0:09:50.000 a harpoon and it literally looks like a miniature harpoon, 0:09:50.080 --> 0:09:53.960 like a man made harpoon, just like tiny. It's hollow 0:09:54.679 --> 0:09:57.640 and it is attached to a venom snack and it 0:09:57.840 --> 0:10:00.680 shoots that out like you said, in an incredib do speed. 0:10:01.360 --> 0:10:05.360 It sticks into its victim, it injects the venom, and 0:10:05.520 --> 0:10:09.440 it uses this for both hunting and for self defense. 0:10:09.480 --> 0:10:12.840 So when it's hunting, this is great because it basically 0:10:13.360 --> 0:10:18.599 uh just ambushes its victim with this harpoon. It paralyzes 0:10:18.640 --> 0:10:21.920 it with these many like these conotoxins, like you said, 0:10:22.080 --> 0:10:24.920 many many different compounds. That's why it's we don't have 0:10:25.000 --> 0:10:27.600 a good anti venom, but a lot of these toxins 0:10:27.640 --> 0:10:32.160 are designed to like incapacitate its prey. So it basically, 0:10:32.400 --> 0:10:35.240 you know, just like freezes the prey and then that 0:10:35.280 --> 0:10:38.200 allows it to engulf it and eat. 0:10:37.960 --> 0:10:39.920 It and get that business done. 0:10:40.160 --> 0:10:43.280 And I love there's this technical name of the harpoon, 0:10:43.320 --> 0:10:45.720 which I actually just learned researching for this, called the 0:10:45.760 --> 0:10:53.920 toxogloss and radula. It's a it's a but yeah. It 0:10:53.920 --> 0:10:57.800 it does have certain species of cone snails. Like I 0:10:57.920 --> 0:11:00.600 mentioned earlier, there are many different species, but the larger ones, 0:11:01.080 --> 0:11:04.880 UH do have enough toxin to potentially kill a human. Now, 0:11:05.080 --> 0:11:08.240 like you said, it's very rare the cases where it 0:11:08.280 --> 0:11:12.040 has killed people. It's like sometimes like a freak thing 0:11:12.120 --> 0:11:14.640 like someone picked up I think two of them kind 0:11:14.640 --> 0:11:16.400 of held them up for a photo and they both 0:11:16.440 --> 0:11:19.880 got them right in the neck and that was fatal. 0:11:20.920 --> 0:11:24.080 But yeah, you do not, especially with small children. That's 0:11:24.120 --> 0:11:25.000 when they get the. 0:11:24.920 --> 0:11:28.680 Wor yes, yes, the smaller you are, the faster it's 0:11:28.720 --> 0:11:32.679 gonna get through your bloodstream and it's the higher concentration 0:11:32.840 --> 0:11:36.360 that's not good. But yeah, even if it's not fatal, 0:11:36.559 --> 0:11:40.760 it's very painful. So you do not want to uh 0:11:41.000 --> 0:11:44.400 to mess with these guys. So the the method of 0:11:44.559 --> 0:11:48.200 action of these conotoxins are like a lot of neurotoxins. 0:11:48.520 --> 0:11:53.080 Each species has its own fun cocktail of deadly chemicals, 0:11:53.120 --> 0:11:58.200 but it will sometimes block the receptors of your neural 0:11:58.280 --> 0:12:02.679 cells or sometimes interfere with nerve channels, which is bad 0:12:02.880 --> 0:12:07.160 for us in terms of remaining alive or not being 0:12:07.200 --> 0:12:11.080 in extreme pain. But interestingly, the cone snails can also 0:12:11.160 --> 0:12:15.400 use different cocktails depending on the situation, So like defensive harpoonings, 0:12:15.960 --> 0:12:18.400 the ones that we're probably more likely to receive are 0:12:18.400 --> 0:12:22.640 going to be designed to be more painful, whereas hunting 0:12:22.760 --> 0:12:27.959 venom can actually include like painkilling properties and paralytic because 0:12:28.000 --> 0:12:30.800 they don't want their victim that they're hunting to freak out. 0:12:30.840 --> 0:12:34.520 They want them to just like go still become subdued 0:12:34.559 --> 0:12:35.760 as quickly as possible. 0:12:35.880 --> 0:12:38.560 Yeah, their whole thing is just just incapacitating you as 0:12:38.679 --> 0:12:41.640 quickly as possible, even if it doesn't necessarily mean killing you. 0:12:41.720 --> 0:12:46.120 It's the same mechanism as a box jellyfish or especially 0:12:46.160 --> 0:12:50.160 the ukanji, which people can automatically identify as dangerous. But 0:12:50.280 --> 0:12:53.040 with the box jellyfish, they can't afford to have their 0:12:53.040 --> 0:12:55.320 prey struggles since they might snap on their technacles. So 0:12:55.360 --> 0:12:59.079 they're just laced with all these millions of stinging cells 0:12:59.360 --> 0:13:03.400 like harpoo likes thinging cells that inject this neurotoxin that 0:13:03.440 --> 0:13:06.800 will paralyze you. That's where the intense pain comes from, 0:13:07.320 --> 0:13:10.040 just to like have keep their prey from struggling. And 0:13:10.120 --> 0:13:12.000 it's the same thing with the con snails, since they 0:13:12.040 --> 0:13:15.360 really only get one shot to like subdue their prey. 0:13:15.480 --> 0:13:17.800 The prey breaks away, then there is no second attempt 0:13:17.840 --> 0:13:20.400 and they have to find somebody else. So it's really 0:13:20.400 --> 0:13:23.600 designed to just just take their prey down as quickly 0:13:23.600 --> 0:13:25.680 as possible, and that's where like the pain comes in 0:13:26.040 --> 0:13:28.400 and That's why depending on where you get stung, Like 0:13:28.520 --> 0:13:30.800 if you get stung on the hand or the leg, 0:13:31.000 --> 0:13:33.080 you'll probably be fine with medical attention. But if it 0:13:33.160 --> 0:13:34.920 is one of those rare cases where you manage to 0:13:34.920 --> 0:13:36.720 get stung in the neck, that's where you can like 0:13:37.160 --> 0:13:42.280 that's where they first of all, that's incredibly painful, and 0:13:41.640 --> 0:13:44.880 once that venom gets anywhere near your heart, like, that's 0:13:44.920 --> 0:13:47.080 how you can go into like cardiac arrest. But of 0:13:47.080 --> 0:13:49.320 course those are like really extreme cases. A lot has 0:13:49.360 --> 0:13:50.880 to go wrong for it to get to that point. 0:13:50.920 --> 0:13:53.400 But you still don't want to take that chance. 0:13:53.679 --> 0:13:56.280 No, No, I mean, like, like you said, even if 0:13:56.320 --> 0:13:59.200 it's not fatal, the pain alone should be enought to 0:13:59.320 --> 0:14:02.680 stop you from picking up these guys because it's not 0:14:02.920 --> 0:14:05.680 something you I mean, it's like if you look I'll 0:14:05.679 --> 0:14:07.400 include this in the show notes, but if you actually 0:14:07.480 --> 0:14:11.480 look at that the barb that they shoot out, it 0:14:11.760 --> 0:14:14.520 does it looks like a tiny weapon and that goes 0:14:14.679 --> 0:14:18.440 into your skin. So that is and then on top 0:14:18.480 --> 0:14:21.720 of that the painful venom. It's not something you want 0:14:21.760 --> 0:14:25.480 to mess with. But there are medical uses for these 0:14:25.560 --> 0:14:32.240 conotoxins because it does interact with neural pathways with pain pathways, 0:14:32.600 --> 0:14:34.760 often in a bad way for you if you're stung 0:14:34.800 --> 0:14:39.920 by one. By modifying these conotoxins, it can actually potentially 0:14:39.960 --> 0:14:44.720 be a pain reliever. So there are studies going on 0:14:44.800 --> 0:14:48.200 to see like using not necessarily I'm not saying like, hey, 0:14:48.320 --> 0:14:50.160 it's going to be a pain reliever if you inject 0:14:50.160 --> 0:14:52.680 yourself with a con snail's natural toxins. 0:14:52.840 --> 0:14:53.680 That's not true. 0:14:54.120 --> 0:14:57.320 But by studying these toxins figuring out how they work, 0:14:58.160 --> 0:15:02.440 researchers can actually derive potentially painkillers that would be able 0:15:02.520 --> 0:15:06.920 to block or interfere with pain receptors, which you know, 0:15:07.000 --> 0:15:10.800 there may be some discoveries in terms of pain management 0:15:11.120 --> 0:15:12.760 thanks to the cone snails. 0:15:12.840 --> 0:15:14.840 Yeah, like you said, it's about just being able to 0:15:14.880 --> 0:15:17.880 isolate the pain killing properties. It's pretty interesting the way 0:15:17.960 --> 0:15:20.560 all these applications for all these like different venoms that 0:15:20.640 --> 0:15:23.280 normally you wouldn't want to touch it all. Like I 0:15:23.320 --> 0:15:25.920 was reading the other day, like with box shellyfish. Historically 0:15:25.920 --> 0:15:28.200 people have been trying to isolate certain properties or their 0:15:28.280 --> 0:15:31.880 venom to create like a form of botox of all things, 0:15:31.920 --> 0:15:34.320 like from one of the most venomous things on the planet, 0:15:34.320 --> 0:15:37.200 people trying to use it to I guess look younger. 0:15:37.280 --> 0:15:39.600 So that's always interesting, I do. 0:15:40.520 --> 0:15:43.880 It is something about humans, isn't it. We find something 0:15:43.880 --> 0:15:46.800 in nature that's like incredibly dangerous or deadly, it's like, 0:15:46.800 --> 0:15:48.440 how can we capitalize on this? 0:15:48.680 --> 0:15:49.600 Like should I stick this. 0:15:49.600 --> 0:15:51.800 In my face? Should I put it in my mouth? 0:15:53.600 --> 0:15:55.960 It's makes you wonder about the first person I ever 0:15:56.040 --> 0:15:56.480 tried it. 0:15:58.480 --> 0:16:01.240 Yeah, yeah, I mean like there are a variety of 0:16:01.280 --> 0:16:04.880 things that are good, like you know, like spices and stuff, 0:16:04.920 --> 0:16:07.160 hot peppers, and you wonder about the first person who 0:16:07.240 --> 0:16:09.160 like put that in their mouth ad it and it's like, uh, 0:16:09.160 --> 0:16:11.720 oh this is bad or actually maybe good. 0:16:14.440 --> 0:16:17.440 It's funny because I'm pretty sure like the whole reason 0:16:17.440 --> 0:16:19.880 of behind like the spice of certain things it's to 0:16:20.320 --> 0:16:23.040 be a deterrent to keep at them. And then we 0:16:23.120 --> 0:16:23.920 came along We're. 0:16:23.880 --> 0:16:28.600 Like that's we like the pain. Yeah, no, that's exactly right. 0:16:28.720 --> 0:16:31.400 That you know, the spices of like a hot pepper, 0:16:31.560 --> 0:16:35.840 it's it's a deterrence for like insects or other animals 0:16:35.840 --> 0:16:40.240 that would eat the peppers. But humans are like, hey, 0:16:40.280 --> 0:16:42.960 this is great, I love this. Give me more pain 0:16:43.080 --> 0:16:47.480 that they didn't. These plants did not calculate that humans 0:16:47.480 --> 0:16:52.760 are so masochistic that we would intentionally inflict delicious pain 0:16:52.840 --> 0:16:54.040 on our mouths yep. 0:16:54.000 --> 0:16:55.840 And then they have no answer for that stuff. 0:16:57.600 --> 0:17:00.200 But we like them so much that it is ended 0:17:00.280 --> 0:17:03.040 up being good for them or well, I guess neutral 0:17:03.080 --> 0:17:06.280 for them, because we kept we started cultivating them, so 0:17:06.320 --> 0:17:09.119 they did end up surviving at least in a form 0:17:09.200 --> 0:17:14.080 that we find delicious input on our food. So we're 0:17:14.119 --> 0:17:17.919 going to take a quick break, but when we get back, 0:17:18.080 --> 0:17:23.800 we're going to talk about a animal that is very jumpy, 0:17:23.920 --> 0:17:29.760 but that doesn't mean it's intimidated by you. So one 0:17:29.800 --> 0:17:33.800 of the most iconic animals in the world is the kangaroo, 0:17:34.200 --> 0:17:37.440 and they're. 0:17:36.200 --> 0:17:37.360 Such a goofy animal. 0:17:37.400 --> 0:17:41.000 I think like they've got these long ears, these big feet, 0:17:41.440 --> 0:17:46.879 they hop around. They're associated with Australia, and they're this 0:17:47.119 --> 0:17:50.080 big marsupial. They're so they're so strange and funny and 0:17:50.119 --> 0:17:54.720 wonderful and cute too, Like they've got these ctacute faces 0:17:55.320 --> 0:17:58.840 that they seem they don't seem like they would be dangerous. 0:17:58.880 --> 0:18:02.040 It seems like you could beer throw an arm around 0:18:02.040 --> 0:18:03.200 one and just have a good time. 0:18:03.320 --> 0:18:07.399 Yeah, kangaroos. I have a theory, a working theory about kangaroos, 0:18:07.440 --> 0:18:11.879 and it's that they have gotten cocky basically, like Australia 0:18:11.920 --> 0:18:15.240 doesn't really have a dominant apex like a predator or 0:18:15.240 --> 0:18:17.040 at least a land predator. I mean, you have like 0:18:17.119 --> 0:18:19.879 dingoes and packs, and you might have large monitor lizards, 0:18:19.960 --> 0:18:22.199 you have your go in this, but there isn't like 0:18:22.240 --> 0:18:25.439 a large big cat or there isn't like anything like that. 0:18:25.520 --> 0:18:27.719 So these kangaroos are kind of I guess they're like 0:18:28.359 --> 0:18:31.720 they got drunk off success. They didn't really earn once 0:18:31.720 --> 0:18:34.320 you get like especially the big bread kangaroos, the ones 0:18:34.359 --> 0:18:37.199 that can be six feet tall, nothing can really you know, 0:18:37.400 --> 0:18:40.439 affect them. So now they just I don't know. I 0:18:40.480 --> 0:18:43.240 just see so many videos of kangaroos just starting problems 0:18:43.280 --> 0:18:47.960 completely unprovoked, Like they're honestly like what deer are here, 0:18:48.080 --> 0:18:51.160 That's what kangaroos are on Australia, only they actively seek 0:18:51.200 --> 0:18:54.119 out cars. Yeah, Like I think I read something about 0:18:54.160 --> 0:18:56.919 maybe nine out of every ten animal related car accident 0:18:57.000 --> 0:19:00.560 in kangaroo was caused. Well, I said in kan in 0:19:00.640 --> 0:19:03.919 Australia was caused by a kangaroo, And a lot of 0:19:03.960 --> 0:19:05.920 times they just walk away from it. While your car's 0:19:06.000 --> 0:19:07.800 just like done for it. 0:19:07.520 --> 0:19:10.400 So they're insurance for like. 0:19:10.560 --> 0:19:13.159 In cartoons exactly. You know what, there has to be 0:19:13.240 --> 0:19:17.000 kangaroo insurance. Now, there's no way they don't prepare for 0:19:17.040 --> 0:19:17.640 that kind of thing. 0:19:17.680 --> 0:19:21.360 I mean, there's Australia is so full of these dangerous animals. 0:19:21.400 --> 0:19:24.960 I can't imagine they don't have different speed like insurance 0:19:25.000 --> 0:19:28.280 for many different species, Like this is for kangaroos, this 0:19:28.400 --> 0:19:31.199 is for getting a koala dropped on your head and 0:19:31.240 --> 0:19:33.880 scratching your eyes out. There's got to be insurance for everything. 0:19:35.119 --> 0:19:37.159 There has to be. I mean, even like something like 0:19:37.200 --> 0:19:39.840 there are brush tail possums. They become like invasive in 0:19:39.880 --> 0:19:42.919 certain places. And every once in a while something a 0:19:43.000 --> 0:19:45.359 picture will go viral of one just breaking through the 0:19:45.400 --> 0:19:48.320 wall and yeah sitting there. Yeah, like I've seen like 0:19:48.520 --> 0:19:50.960 pictures of just their polishes hanging out or dry wall 0:19:51.080 --> 0:19:53.760 or in one case this was really funny, one broke 0:19:53.800 --> 0:19:56.520 into like I think it was a bakery and they 0:19:56.600 --> 0:20:00.000 found him like in a box of yeah, eat and you. 0:20:00.000 --> 0:20:02.080 It was just that picture. 0:20:02.320 --> 0:20:03.960 You can catch me, but it's just done. 0:20:04.200 --> 0:20:09.320 It's it's I've already won. You can't take anything from 0:20:09.359 --> 0:20:10.639 me for I am victorious. 0:20:10.720 --> 0:20:11.920 Yet I love that picture. 0:20:11.960 --> 0:20:15.960 That's like, I feel like that is an embodiment of 0:20:16.000 --> 0:20:18.840 my attitude sometimes where it's like, as long as I 0:20:18.920 --> 0:20:21.280 have a pastry, no matter what has happened to me 0:20:21.359 --> 0:20:23.879 that day, It's like if I get some pastries in me, 0:20:23.920 --> 0:20:26.959 it's like you can't win bad luck, like I've won today. 0:20:27.200 --> 0:20:31.359 I ate a bunch of pastries and I'm covered in delicious. 0:20:32.040 --> 0:20:34.800 I love it. I love it. Yeah, there's no regret 0:20:34.840 --> 0:20:36.920 in his eyes at all, none And I couldn't even 0:20:36.960 --> 0:20:38.280 see his people, but you can see it. 0:20:39.000 --> 0:20:44.680 No remorse, remorseless pastry thief in my hero. But yeah, 0:20:44.720 --> 0:20:49.720 so so kangaroos are I love your way of phrasing it. 0:20:49.760 --> 0:20:53.040 They have kind of grown too cocky or maybe cocky 0:20:53.160 --> 0:20:58.200 enough because they are the largest mammal in Australia. They're 0:20:58.240 --> 0:21:02.640 also the largest macropos. So macropods are these large marsupials 0:21:02.680 --> 0:21:07.800 like kangaroos, wallabies and possums. And there's actually a recent 0:21:07.880 --> 0:21:13.320