WEBVTT - How Joan D'Arc Worked

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how

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<v Speaker 1>Stuff Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast

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<v Speaker 1>I'm at a Turkey Andy Keener, joined by staff writer

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<v Speaker 1>Jane mcgrad Taylor Kansas. Hey, Jane, So, we spend a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of time on the podcast talking about ancient civilizations

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<v Speaker 1>and societies of the past, and wars and medieval torture

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<v Speaker 1>devices and Thomas Jefferson. But something we don't get around

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<v Speaker 1>too as often is very important women in history. And

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<v Speaker 1>we actually had a listener email us and she wrote,

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<v Speaker 1>first off, I'd like to say I love your podcast,

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<v Speaker 1>thank you very much. Anyway, I would like to hear

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<v Speaker 1>about some more famous women in history. I have a

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<v Speaker 1>couple of ideas, but someone who really sticks out to

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<v Speaker 1>me that would be fun is Joan of Arc. She's

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<v Speaker 1>always so shrouded in mystery and I would really love

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<v Speaker 1>to hear your take on it. If you had to

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<v Speaker 1>do one, I would definitely see her. And that came

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<v Speaker 1>from t Chica and she also said she wanted to

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<v Speaker 1>hear about Anny. Luckily, Jane Adams said in her Truth

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<v Speaker 1>and a couple of other very exciting women. And not

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<v Speaker 1>only are we going to cover Joan of Arc. But

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<v Speaker 1>just to give you guys a little sneak peak of

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<v Speaker 1>what's coming up down the line, we're gonna be talking

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<v Speaker 1>about women in ancient Egypt and Betsy Ross and a

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<v Speaker 1>few other surprises. Yeah, and Joan of Arc is going

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<v Speaker 1>to be one of the most popular I think. I

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<v Speaker 1>think maybe I remember another fan asking for her as well,

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<v Speaker 1>but you know, always a popular choice. To give you

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<v Speaker 1>some context, she lived from fourteen twelve to fourteen thirty one,

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<v Speaker 1>and if you haven't noticed, that's a pretty short amount

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<v Speaker 1>of time. She didn't live very long. If you don't

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<v Speaker 1>want to do the math real quick, that means she

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<v Speaker 1>was only about nineteen when she died, and she that's

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<v Speaker 1>when she was put to death for heresy. Yeah, but

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<v Speaker 1>that's the end of a very long and complicated life story.

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<v Speaker 1>So I think to get everyone started, we'll sort of

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<v Speaker 1>set up what's brewing over in Europe and more specifically

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<v Speaker 1>in France and England, because Joe was known for leading

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<v Speaker 1>the Stage of Orleans, which occurred in fourteen twenty nine,

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<v Speaker 1>but as you may remember from one of our earlier podcasts,

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<v Speaker 1>the Inquisition started raging much earlier than that, and in

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<v Speaker 1>twelve thirty one, uh, they started trying to phase out

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<v Speaker 1>heretics from the Catholic Church, and as events transpired, we

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<v Speaker 1>had the Hundred Years War startup, and that's where things

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<v Speaker 1>got really sticky with the Church and then with France

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<v Speaker 1>and England fighting for the throne. And I'm gonna let

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<v Speaker 1>Jane give you guys some background on that. So the

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<v Speaker 1>Hundred Years War was actually a little bit longer than

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<v Speaker 1>there was a hundred and sixteen years that it lasted,

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<v Speaker 1>and we lump it together called the Hundred Years War.

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<v Speaker 1>It was really a series of conflicts, as you might guess,

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<v Speaker 1>it was treaties and broken treaties that lasted for this

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<v Speaker 1>period between about thirteen thirty seven and fourteen fifty three

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<v Speaker 1>between France and England. It's really sticky issues, really complicated.

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<v Speaker 1>But it goes back to actually ten sixty six when William,

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<v Speaker 1>who was the Duke of Normandy at the time, defeated

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<v Speaker 1>the King of England and took a for England. So

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<v Speaker 1>that meant that the King of England held territory in France.

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<v Speaker 1>And by the fourteenth century those territories, those French territories,

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<v Speaker 1>were still in dispute and things had gotten even stickier

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<v Speaker 1>to Jane because people had been inter marrying between France

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<v Speaker 1>and England, and so when you talk about uh lineage

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<v Speaker 1>and the heir to certain seats, it's really complicated. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>In thirteen o nine, the King of England's son married

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<v Speaker 1>the daughter of the King of France, and the result

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<v Speaker 1>of that marriage was Edward the third, I believe, and

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<v Speaker 1>so he had a claim to the French throne in

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<v Speaker 1>thirteen twenty eight, which happened to be the year that

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<v Speaker 1>the French King, Charles the fourth died without a clear air,

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<v Speaker 1>so as you can see it is it's a huge mess.

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<v Speaker 1>And I fast forward to about fourteen fifteen you have

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<v Speaker 1>English King Henry the fifth, and if you've ever read

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<v Speaker 1>that Shakespeare one of the best Shakespeare plays, I think

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<v Speaker 1>you know a little bit about the Battle of Aaron Court, etcetera,

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<v Speaker 1>and how he was very victorious and eventually he invaded

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<v Speaker 1>France and got them to sign the Treaty of Tis,

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<v Speaker 1>which agreed that Henry would get to the French throne

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<v Speaker 1>after the sitting king, Charles the sixth died, So it

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<v Speaker 1>seemed like a fair compromise, but it was made a

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<v Speaker 1>void when both of them died. Yeah, they both died

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<v Speaker 1>in fourteen twenty two. Henry died first and Charles died

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<v Speaker 1>a few weeks afterwards. So this complicated the question of

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<v Speaker 1>who would get the French throne. Basically you have the

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<v Speaker 1>issue of the French people didn't like, they didn't support

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<v Speaker 1>the Treaty of Trois, and they supported Charles the seventh

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<v Speaker 1>of the king's son to become king. And also was

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<v Speaker 1>complicated by the fact that Henry the fifth heir son

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<v Speaker 1>was only a baby when he died, so the baby

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<v Speaker 1>basically had according to the treaty, the baby was now

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<v Speaker 1>king of both England and France, and France was not

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<v Speaker 1>happy with this, and so Charles the seventh that Dauphin

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<v Speaker 1>he was actually living in exile in Nyon, and that

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<v Speaker 1>is where he would meet Joan of ar Ark. And

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<v Speaker 1>if we flashed back to Joan, when she was at

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<v Speaker 1>the age of thirteen, she started hearing voices, and she

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<v Speaker 1>was a peasant girl from very humble, humble origins. I

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<v Speaker 1>think she was illiterate, and she prided herself, I think,

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<v Speaker 1>on being a good daughter and a good servant to God.

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<v Speaker 1>And one day she was working outside and she started

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<v Speaker 1>hearing people talking to her and she was able to

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<v Speaker 1>identify the voices as coming from St. Michael, St. Margaret

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<v Speaker 1>and St. Catherine. And we should know it also that

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<v Speaker 1>um I was reading about Joan in the context of

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<v Speaker 1>France at this time, that French France was Catholic, but

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<v Speaker 1>they were very mystic believers in France, and so they

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<v Speaker 1>put a lot of stock into these visions, in these

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<v Speaker 1>divine signs. So obviously Joan wouldn't buy into it very quickly,

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<v Speaker 1>and she took it to heart. And at first I

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<v Speaker 1>don't think the directions were too complicated coming from the voices,

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<v Speaker 1>things like be a good daughter, be a eating into

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<v Speaker 1>your family, do a good job with your chores, and

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<v Speaker 1>there seemed like, you know, good comments sense things that

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<v Speaker 1>most of us probably got from watching Sesame Street when

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<v Speaker 1>we were younger. But then the voices became a little

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<v Speaker 1>bit more I guess, fervent, and the messages were much

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<v Speaker 1>more poignant. They started telling her that she needed to

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<v Speaker 1>cut her hair short and start wearing men's garb, and

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<v Speaker 1>that eventually her calling was that she was going to

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<v Speaker 1>get her own military troops and she was going to

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<v Speaker 1>help lead the French to victory over the English and

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<v Speaker 1>put Charles the seventh on his rifle place on the throne,

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<v Speaker 1>And like Jane was saying, people in France bought into

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<v Speaker 1>the idea of of mysical visions and dreams. And Jones's

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<v Speaker 1>own father started having dreams around this time too that

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<v Speaker 1>his daughter was going to run away, so he was

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<v Speaker 1>ensuring that his sons were watching her to make sure

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<v Speaker 1>she wasn't flaeing from home. But she did. Yeah, she

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<v Speaker 1>thought she was hearing signs from God. And God tells

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<v Speaker 1>you to leave. You know, you leave, You've cut your hair,

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<v Speaker 1>and you get out of dodge. So she left to

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<v Speaker 1>seek out Charles the seventh. She arrived at his court

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<v Speaker 1>and after a couple of days she was granted permission

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<v Speaker 1>to see him. But even then when she was going

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<v Speaker 1>into permission, she was there at the court and Charles

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<v Speaker 1>the seventh decided to disguise himself, but interestingly, Joan recognized

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<v Speaker 1>him immediately, which sort of wants the idea that she

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<v Speaker 1>was sent from God, right, And I'm trying to put

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<v Speaker 1>myself in charles place and really think about this. Here

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<v Speaker 1>is a very young girl who is wearing men's clothes.

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<v Speaker 1>She's got short hair. It's very unusual for the times

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<v Speaker 1>that a cross dressing girl would come to court and

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<v Speaker 1>seek out rather forcefully the Dauphin. It just seems a

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<v Speaker 1>little bit um, what's the word I'm looking for? A

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<v Speaker 1>little uh? She bizar, you know, who does she think

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<v Speaker 1>she has defined me? And so he really wanted to

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<v Speaker 1>be able to trust her if she was who she

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<v Speaker 1>said she was. And after she located him in a

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<v Speaker 1>crowd full of people had never seen him before, maybe

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<v Speaker 1>never even seen a likeness of him or what of

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<v Speaker 1>him at that age, she told him also a secret

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<v Speaker 1>about himself that no one else would know, and supposedly

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<v Speaker 1>to this day, we still don't know what that secret is. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>that's true. Though. Um I read that his story and

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<v Speaker 1>speculated at least that the secret that that she said

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<v Speaker 1>had to do with his legitimacy. He suspected that he

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<v Speaker 1>was an illegitimate child and uh and Joan sort of

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<v Speaker 1>put an end to this to this question from divine sources. Well,

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<v Speaker 1>if that is in fact the secret that she told

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<v Speaker 1>and she was able to put his mind at ease,

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<v Speaker 1>then we can understand why he put full trust in

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<v Speaker 1>her and gave her her own troops and made her

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<v Speaker 1>captain in the French army and she was sent to Orleans,

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<v Speaker 1>and before he actually put her on the battlefield, he

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<v Speaker 1>wanted to make sure that he wasn't aligning himself with

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<v Speaker 1>some sort of sorceress. So he had her questioned by

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<v Speaker 1>a panel of clergy and they said she was legit.

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<v Speaker 1>She's not a witch. She probably is hearing these voices

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<v Speaker 1>from saints and she is sent by God. Yeah. One

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<v Speaker 1>curious thing that they during this inquisition, well was initial

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<v Speaker 1>questioning of whether she was actually sent from God, was

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<v Speaker 1>that they had women actually physically examined her and see

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<v Speaker 1>if she was a virgin, and they found that she was,

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<v Speaker 1>and so that concluded to them that she couldn't have

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<v Speaker 1>been in cohorts with the devil. So by this time,

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<v Speaker 1>if you're not a huge fan of Down, hold on

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<v Speaker 1>because there's more. And I'm a huge fan because I

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<v Speaker 1>think it takes a lot of bravery and guts to

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<v Speaker 1>follow through on these voices that you're hearing and to

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<v Speaker 1>put yourself through that kind of rigorous examination. I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>you really are putting yourself on the line. And can

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<v Speaker 1>you imagine what the men in the military must have

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<v Speaker 1>thought when a sixteen year old girl was put in

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<v Speaker 1>front of them and said that she was going to

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<v Speaker 1>be there later. Yeah. One story I read about that

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<v Speaker 1>was that soldiers were convinced that she was sent from

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<v Speaker 1>God because at one point when she was wounded in battle,

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<v Speaker 1>they saw part of her naked body and they weren't

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<v Speaker 1>taken by desire or anything, and they thought this was

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<v Speaker 1>sort of God, you know, shielding them from sexual advances

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<v Speaker 1>on her. And that was a problem that would emerge

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<v Speaker 1>later in her life. But the soldier and as a captain,

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<v Speaker 1>really she proved that she was a very, very good,

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<v Speaker 1>good fighter, and she had the sword that was given

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<v Speaker 1>to her, and sort of an Arthur like way, the

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<v Speaker 1>voices told her that before she went into battle, there

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<v Speaker 1>would be a sword for her hidden behind an altar

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<v Speaker 1>of a church, and it would be covered in rust

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<v Speaker 1>and carved with five different crosses. And they sent some

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<v Speaker 1>people out to go fetch the sword, and sure enough

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<v Speaker 1>I was there, and she wiped off the rest and

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<v Speaker 1>she was ready for the battlefield and with her miraculous sword.

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<v Speaker 1>Doesn't it sound very sore in the stone to you? Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>very it's a very good comparison. So she's out on

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<v Speaker 1>the battlefield and she's got her her white flag with

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<v Speaker 1>a flour delis and it started in May and it

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<v Speaker 1>lasted nine days and she won. It was pretty impressive,

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<v Speaker 1>and so Charles a few months later was officially crowned

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<v Speaker 1>the King of France. And what's interesting about this point

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<v Speaker 1>is that Joan wanted to go on and liberate Paris.

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<v Speaker 1>At this point, you know, Charles has got his legitimacy,

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<v Speaker 1>but they're still conflict going on and Paris was still

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<v Speaker 1>controlled by other forces. Charles was actually against this. He

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<v Speaker 1>wanted to stop the violence. He wanted to not push

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<v Speaker 1>any further, so he opposed and delayed her her traveling

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<v Speaker 1>to France or traveling to Paris to um liberate it.

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<v Speaker 1>And his story and speculate that charles is um opposition

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<v Speaker 1>actually crippled her chances as success because when Jone did

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<v Speaker 1>leave to go do this, she failed. And a few

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<v Speaker 1>months after that she actually tried again deliberate the city

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<v Speaker 1>of Campienne and it was there that she was captured

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<v Speaker 1>in fourteen thirty seve When she was captured, she wasn't

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<v Speaker 1>a regular prisoner of war. She had actually made a

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<v Speaker 1>couple of enemies along the way, one of whom was

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<v Speaker 1>a somewhat powerful man, the Bishop of Beauvais named Pierre Couschamp,

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<v Speaker 1>and he was determined that he was going to make

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<v Speaker 1>this girl out to be the witch that he suspected

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<v Speaker 1>she was, and he wanted her burned at the stake.

0:11:59.200 --> 0:12:01.920
<v Speaker 1>He was tired of her. She was, you know, and subordinate.

0:12:02.000 --> 0:12:05.880
<v Speaker 1>She was just causing a huge ruckus. And what's more,

0:12:06.320 --> 0:12:09.800
<v Speaker 1>if she were convicted for heresy, it would totally discredit

0:12:09.840 --> 0:12:11.679
<v Speaker 1>the fact that Charles was on the throne, because he

0:12:11.720 --> 0:12:13.600
<v Speaker 1>would have gotten there by some sort of means of

0:12:13.760 --> 0:12:17.520
<v Speaker 1>black magic. Almost so this was going to have resounding

0:12:17.600 --> 0:12:20.960
<v Speaker 1>ripple effects if he could just prove that she was

0:12:21.040 --> 0:12:25.400
<v Speaker 1>a witch. And what's interesting about this trial is that

0:12:26.000 --> 0:12:29.360
<v Speaker 1>it was so hard to convict Joan of anything because

0:12:29.360 --> 0:12:32.800
<v Speaker 1>she was so incredibly devoted to God and to the

0:12:32.880 --> 0:12:36.920
<v Speaker 1>voices that she'd been hearing, and so anytime they tried

0:12:36.960 --> 0:12:39.600
<v Speaker 1>to catch her in a heretical statement or telling some

0:12:39.679 --> 0:12:42.280
<v Speaker 1>sort of lie, it just kept reflecting back to the

0:12:42.280 --> 0:12:44.120
<v Speaker 1>fact that she was she was a girl of God.

0:12:44.240 --> 0:12:46.079
<v Speaker 1>She was following him and she was sent to earth

0:12:46.160 --> 0:12:49.160
<v Speaker 1>to do his his divine deeds. Kushawn knew what he

0:12:49.200 --> 0:12:52.080
<v Speaker 1>was doing, trying to corner her into admitting heresies. But

0:12:52.440 --> 0:12:55.720
<v Speaker 1>it's interesting that Joan was so she was, you know, unlearned,

0:12:55.760 --> 0:12:58.559
<v Speaker 1>she was illiterate, and yet she was able to give

0:12:58.679 --> 0:13:02.319
<v Speaker 1>very good answers. And a lot of historians chalk uh

0:13:02.440 --> 0:13:05.240
<v Speaker 1>this trial up to being part of the inquisition. And

0:13:05.360 --> 0:13:08.040
<v Speaker 1>like we mentioned in in the podcast about the Spanish Inquisition,

0:13:08.040 --> 0:13:10.360
<v Speaker 1>that there were there were different factions of inquisitions going

0:13:10.360 --> 0:13:14.040
<v Speaker 1>around around Europe, and when Cohn wanted to bring in

0:13:14.200 --> 0:13:18.560
<v Speaker 1>official inquisitors, they're really reluctant. The Grand Inquisitor of the

0:13:18.600 --> 0:13:21.520
<v Speaker 1>Faith in Rome wasn't able to come, and so the

0:13:21.559 --> 0:13:24.160
<v Speaker 1>bishop had to settle for a sub inquisitor. And even

0:13:24.240 --> 0:13:27.040
<v Speaker 1>even him, he was reluctant because there's lots of irregular

0:13:27.200 --> 0:13:29.480
<v Speaker 1>irregularities going on in this case. You know, they didn't

0:13:29.480 --> 0:13:31.800
<v Speaker 1>want to be involved. She maybe she was a legitimate

0:13:31.800 --> 0:13:34.880
<v Speaker 1>we don't know. And so the souther inquisitor only came

0:13:35.120 --> 0:13:39.080
<v Speaker 1>after Cochawn like threatened him, which is interesting, And he

0:13:39.120 --> 0:13:41.640
<v Speaker 1>only showed up occasionally when he didn't like come to

0:13:42.000 --> 0:13:45.240
<v Speaker 1>England for the trial. So if Kashan hadn't already shown

0:13:45.280 --> 0:13:48.520
<v Speaker 1>his true colors, he did a little bit later because

0:13:48.600 --> 0:13:51.880
<v Speaker 1>he thought that there was a loophole and a law

0:13:52.280 --> 0:13:55.400
<v Speaker 1>that he could get John through for cross dressing. Of

0:13:55.440 --> 0:13:57.599
<v Speaker 1>all things, here is a girl who has listened to

0:13:57.679 --> 0:14:01.120
<v Speaker 1>divine voices and delivered france aunts, and now she's going

0:14:01.160 --> 0:14:04.319
<v Speaker 1>to be punished for wearing men's clothes, which was what

0:14:04.360 --> 0:14:06.760
<v Speaker 1>the voices had commanded her to do. And furthermore, when

0:14:06.760 --> 0:14:09.600
<v Speaker 1>you're on the battlefield surrounded by men, you've got to

0:14:09.800 --> 0:14:12.959
<v Speaker 1>dress herself in similar raimond I mean, you're a soldier

0:14:13.000 --> 0:14:15.880
<v Speaker 1>at that point. And we should know that there's two

0:14:15.880 --> 0:14:20.119
<v Speaker 1>different types of churches that were recognized, um the Church Militant,

0:14:20.200 --> 0:14:24.000
<v Speaker 1>which was the Catholic Church on earth that particular incarnation,

0:14:24.400 --> 0:14:27.360
<v Speaker 1>and then there was the Church Triumph, which was God's

0:14:27.520 --> 0:14:31.360
<v Speaker 1>heavenly church, and the one that Joan ascribed to above

0:14:31.400 --> 0:14:35.160
<v Speaker 1>all else was the Church Triumph. But in order to

0:14:35.240 --> 0:14:38.360
<v Speaker 1>be a true and devout Catholic, you would have to

0:14:38.400 --> 0:14:42.680
<v Speaker 1>ascribe to both and follow the laws of both churches. Yes,

0:14:42.720 --> 0:14:44.480
<v Speaker 1>so this was how Cohn was able to sort of

0:14:44.480 --> 0:14:46.880
<v Speaker 1>corner her into heresy that she was she filled herself

0:14:46.880 --> 0:14:50.920
<v Speaker 1>directly responsible to God himself, rather than going through the

0:14:51.000 --> 0:14:54.960
<v Speaker 1>Church on Earth. And Coshn essentially asked, you know, you know,

0:14:55.040 --> 0:14:58.320
<v Speaker 1>that cross dressing is a sin, and she tried to say, yes,

0:14:58.360 --> 0:15:00.840
<v Speaker 1>I understand that, but it's a very a small detail

0:15:00.920 --> 0:15:03.520
<v Speaker 1>looks look at the big picture. But he eventually forced

0:15:03.560 --> 0:15:05.640
<v Speaker 1>her into signing a decree that said she would not

0:15:05.720 --> 0:15:08.200
<v Speaker 1>wear men's clothes anymore because it was a violation of

0:15:08.240 --> 0:15:12.040
<v Speaker 1>the Catholic Church on Earth, the Church militant. But then

0:15:12.120 --> 0:15:14.120
<v Speaker 1>when she was in prison awaiting the rest of the

0:15:14.160 --> 0:15:18.440
<v Speaker 1>investigation and the trial, some people later testified that all

0:15:18.520 --> 0:15:21.040
<v Speaker 1>of her female clothes were stolen and the only ones

0:15:21.120 --> 0:15:23.440
<v Speaker 1>left or men's clothes. And she certainly wasn't going to

0:15:23.440 --> 0:15:26.760
<v Speaker 1>go around nude because that would be, you know, very

0:15:26.840 --> 0:15:29.720
<v Speaker 1>unsafe for her. She needed to protect herself, and so

0:15:30.040 --> 0:15:33.000
<v Speaker 1>once she had on the men's clothes, she'd broken the law. Yeah,

0:15:33.040 --> 0:15:34.960
<v Speaker 1>actually read there's there was one account I think that

0:15:35.000 --> 0:15:38.359
<v Speaker 1>she was actually sexually assaulted in prison, and I think obviously,

0:15:38.480 --> 0:15:40.200
<v Speaker 1>even though she wasn't on the battlefield, when she was

0:15:40.200 --> 0:15:42.680
<v Speaker 1>on prison during her trial, etcetera, she would want to

0:15:42.720 --> 0:15:45.400
<v Speaker 1>stay in men's clothes to protect herself from from this

0:15:45.480 --> 0:15:48.120
<v Speaker 1>kind of assault. And so while that may have worked

0:15:48.280 --> 0:15:51.440
<v Speaker 1>in offending off sexual advances, it certainly didn't work for

0:15:51.480 --> 0:15:55.160
<v Speaker 1>a cushion and that was it. She was set to

0:15:55.160 --> 0:15:58.160
<v Speaker 1>be burned at the stake, only nineteen years old, and

0:15:58.200 --> 0:16:01.640
<v Speaker 1>she was burned alive. Yeah, and a couple of decades later,

0:16:01.880 --> 0:16:05.720
<v Speaker 1>Charles the seventh actually initiated when he got like full power,

0:16:05.800 --> 0:16:09.080
<v Speaker 1>he was secure in his power, he initiated proceedings that

0:16:09.120 --> 0:16:13.000
<v Speaker 1>the church could, um could liberate her or could clear

0:16:13.000 --> 0:16:15.880
<v Speaker 1>her name of heresy, and they did just that. Um.

0:16:16.000 --> 0:16:17.640
<v Speaker 1>I think it was just twenty four years after she

0:16:17.720 --> 0:16:19.520
<v Speaker 1>was burned at the stake that she was cleared, which

0:16:19.520 --> 0:16:23.000
<v Speaker 1>is interesting. And it wasn't until the twentieth century that

0:16:23.080 --> 0:16:26.320
<v Speaker 1>she was canonized by the Catholic Church, and it's interesting.

0:16:26.680 --> 0:16:29.720
<v Speaker 1>Some people say that that took a long time. Some

0:16:29.760 --> 0:16:32.440
<v Speaker 1>people say it's weird that she's a Saine at all, because,

0:16:32.480 --> 0:16:35.880
<v Speaker 1>you know, why would God choose aside in this hundred

0:16:35.960 --> 0:16:39.160
<v Speaker 1>years war that had to do with the legitimacy of

0:16:39.200 --> 0:16:42.040
<v Speaker 1>the throne and everything like that, and these between two

0:16:42.120 --> 0:16:44.800
<v Speaker 1>Christian countries as well, Why would God take a side.

0:16:45.120 --> 0:16:46.800
<v Speaker 1>It's kind of clear that the Church made her a

0:16:46.840 --> 0:16:50.480
<v Speaker 1>saint partly to improve relations with the French government, which

0:16:50.480 --> 0:16:53.480
<v Speaker 1>is interesting. And so today she's regarded as the patron

0:16:53.560 --> 0:16:56.760
<v Speaker 1>say of France. She's also called that the maid of Arliens,

0:16:57.560 --> 0:17:03.600
<v Speaker 1>that's not really Irish, the man of Orleans. And what's

0:17:03.640 --> 0:17:06.679
<v Speaker 1>interesting about being burned at the steak This is something

0:17:06.720 --> 0:17:09.639
<v Speaker 1>that we have discussed before in our Medieval Torture podcast.

0:17:09.680 --> 0:17:11.880
<v Speaker 1>I really I can't let it. I can't let it go.

0:17:12.200 --> 0:17:14.560
<v Speaker 1>When you're burned at the steak, you don't actually die

0:17:14.640 --> 0:17:16.800
<v Speaker 1>from being burned, just like if you were in a

0:17:16.840 --> 0:17:19.680
<v Speaker 1>burning building, you die from smoke inhalation first, and that's

0:17:19.680 --> 0:17:23.840
<v Speaker 1>how Joan died, from smoke inhalation. And so they ordered

0:17:23.840 --> 0:17:27.080
<v Speaker 1>her body to be burned again, and the after the

0:17:27.080 --> 0:17:31.000
<v Speaker 1>second time, her organs were still somewhat intact, so she

0:17:31.160 --> 0:17:34.120
<v Speaker 1>was ordered to be burned a third time to completely

0:17:34.119 --> 0:17:35.960
<v Speaker 1>finish off her body. So she was burned at the

0:17:36.000 --> 0:17:38.800
<v Speaker 1>steak three times. The first time killed her, but they

0:17:38.800 --> 0:17:40.840
<v Speaker 1>wanted to, you know, get her all done for good measure.

0:17:41.680 --> 0:17:43.879
<v Speaker 1>And then her ashes were meant to be scattered in

0:17:43.880 --> 0:17:47.600
<v Speaker 1>a nearby river, but some people suspect that they weren't,

0:17:48.119 --> 0:17:51.840
<v Speaker 1>and not too long ago, some ashes were found in

0:17:51.920 --> 0:17:55.680
<v Speaker 1>a Praisian apothecary and scientists started wondering, you know, just

0:17:55.680 --> 0:17:58.800
<v Speaker 1>just wondering could these be joan of arcs And so

0:17:58.880 --> 0:18:02.119
<v Speaker 1>in two thousand six, one French scientist was able to

0:18:02.200 --> 0:18:05.679
<v Speaker 1>say that these ashes show evidence that they're from a

0:18:05.800 --> 0:18:09.920
<v Speaker 1>young female body, and um, I think it shows evidence

0:18:09.960 --> 0:18:13.360
<v Speaker 1>of of bone and muscle tissue from a somewhat young

0:18:13.400 --> 0:18:16.639
<v Speaker 1>adult girl. And we don't know definitively whether or not

0:18:16.840 --> 0:18:18.920
<v Speaker 1>it's joan of arc but you have to ask yourself

0:18:19.040 --> 0:18:22.040
<v Speaker 1>how many women were really burned at the steak at

0:18:22.080 --> 0:18:26.520
<v Speaker 1>France during this time exactly. And so they've sipped it

0:18:26.560 --> 0:18:29.280
<v Speaker 1>through these ashes, and they've also found what looks like

0:18:29.320 --> 0:18:32.800
<v Speaker 1>a femur from a cat. And it would not be

0:18:32.920 --> 0:18:36.320
<v Speaker 1>uncommon during medieval times for a cat to be thrown

0:18:36.320 --> 0:18:39.000
<v Speaker 1>on a funeral pyre if a witch was being burned

0:18:39.000 --> 0:18:42.760
<v Speaker 1>as sort of an appeasement to Satan. But the femer

0:18:42.840 --> 0:18:45.280
<v Speaker 1>wasn't burned as badly as the other fragments of bones,

0:18:45.320 --> 0:18:48.000
<v Speaker 1>as they think maybe the cat just went walking by afterward.

0:18:48.520 --> 0:18:51.360
<v Speaker 1>Dad luck for a cat. But there's also a very

0:18:51.359 --> 0:18:54.720
<v Speaker 1>small fragment of cloth that could be linen or some

0:18:54.800 --> 0:18:57.080
<v Speaker 1>sort of gown that one would have worn when woman

0:18:57.119 --> 0:18:59.640
<v Speaker 1>was being burned at the steak. So there's a lot

0:18:59.680 --> 0:19:02.320
<v Speaker 1>of miss stories there whether or not it's Joan. Wait

0:19:02.359 --> 0:19:07.960
<v Speaker 1>on now it is it is anyway, So a lot

0:19:08.000 --> 0:19:11.080
<v Speaker 1>of interesting years about women in history and the grand

0:19:11.080 --> 0:19:14.000
<v Speaker 1>sacrifices that they underwent for a trying to be a

0:19:14.040 --> 0:19:16.000
<v Speaker 1>savior and having to dress like a man to do

0:19:16.040 --> 0:19:17.840
<v Speaker 1>it and then getting you kicked in the pants for

0:19:17.920 --> 0:19:21.520
<v Speaker 1>that one. So and speaking of rolics, I actually recently

0:19:21.520 --> 0:19:24.600
<v Speaker 1>wrote about the Shroud of Turin and uh it's fate

0:19:24.680 --> 0:19:26.480
<v Speaker 1>during the Middle Ages. It was a really cool, cool

0:19:26.520 --> 0:19:28.399
<v Speaker 1>story wrote about it on the blog which you can

0:19:28.400 --> 0:19:30.760
<v Speaker 1>find out how stuff works dot com. Um, So if

0:19:30.800 --> 0:19:33.040
<v Speaker 1>you missed in history class blog is really cool, you

0:19:33.040 --> 0:19:34.600
<v Speaker 1>should check it out. A Candida and I write on

0:19:34.600 --> 0:19:37.920
<v Speaker 1>it each once a day we do, and starting every Friday,

0:19:38.080 --> 0:19:41.160
<v Speaker 1>we're going to be having conversations with you guys about

0:19:41.280 --> 0:19:44.560
<v Speaker 1>our latest podcast, so be sure you check that out.

0:19:44.840 --> 0:19:46.879
<v Speaker 1>And we also hope that you will look up this

0:19:46.960 --> 0:19:51.080
<v Speaker 1>wonderful article called why was cross dressing the only crime

0:19:51.160 --> 0:19:54.280
<v Speaker 1>Joan of arc was convicted of? On how stuff works

0:19:54.320 --> 0:19:58.880
<v Speaker 1>dot com for more on this and thousands of other topics.

0:19:59.000 --> 0:20:01.960
<v Speaker 1>Does it how stuff works dot com. Let us know

0:20:02.040 --> 0:20:04.919
<v Speaker 1>what you think. Send an email to podcast at how

0:20:05.000 --> 0:20:06.879
<v Speaker 1>stuff works dot com m