1 00:00:02,800 --> 00:00:06,840 Speaker 1: From Mediators World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is 2 00:00:06,920 --> 00:00:10,879 Speaker 1: Cal's we Can review, presented by Steel Steel products are 3 00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:14,680 Speaker 1: available only at authorized dealers. For more, go to Steel 4 00:00:14,760 --> 00:00:20,680 Speaker 1: Dealers dot com. Now here's your host, Ryan cal Callahan. 5 00:00:22,320 --> 00:00:25,040 Speaker 1: A new study from the University of Montana has found 6 00:00:25,079 --> 00:00:28,680 Speaker 1: that wolves infected with parasites are more likely to be 7 00:00:28,800 --> 00:00:32,479 Speaker 1: pack leaders than wolves that aren't. Thanks to Carl Kaufman 8 00:00:32,560 --> 00:00:36,440 Speaker 1: for sending this one in. Toxoplasmosis is a parasite we've 9 00:00:36,479 --> 00:00:40,160 Speaker 1: discussed several times on the show. This parasite requires being 10 00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:43,239 Speaker 1: inside a cat in order to reproduce, which, even in 11 00:00:43,280 --> 00:00:46,920 Speaker 1: the world of kinkiness, is pretty far out there or 12 00:00:47,120 --> 00:00:50,040 Speaker 1: in there. Deer can be infected if they eat grass 13 00:00:50,040 --> 00:00:53,000 Speaker 1: and proximity to cat feces, and humans can catch the 14 00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:58,200 Speaker 1: parasite by eating infected deer or goats Mahollow Danny Bolton. 15 00:00:58,800 --> 00:01:01,600 Speaker 1: One of the crazy things about toxoplasmosis is that it 16 00:01:01,640 --> 00:01:05,520 Speaker 1: appears to lower the inhibitions of the animals it infects. 17 00:01:05,560 --> 00:01:08,240 Speaker 1: Since it needs to get back to a cat to reproduce, 18 00:01:08,520 --> 00:01:12,440 Speaker 1: it has a biological incentive to kill its host. Infected 19 00:01:12,520 --> 00:01:14,880 Speaker 1: rodents have been shown to be less afraid of cats 20 00:01:14,920 --> 00:01:18,360 Speaker 1: and more willing to explore, and infected humans create more 21 00:01:18,400 --> 00:01:23,400 Speaker 1: testosterone and dopamine and take more risks. Risk taking behavior 22 00:01:23,440 --> 00:01:26,800 Speaker 1: can land you in trouble, but sometimes there is an upside. 23 00:01:27,160 --> 00:01:29,720 Speaker 1: A new study found that it's not all bad, at 24 00:01:29,800 --> 00:01:33,080 Speaker 1: least if you're a wolf. Led by a wildlife ecologist 25 00:01:33,200 --> 00:01:36,320 Speaker 1: Connor Meyer and cur Cassidy, the team looked at two 26 00:01:36,640 --> 00:01:40,120 Speaker 1: d and fifty six blood samples from two wolves living 27 00:01:40,120 --> 00:01:43,640 Speaker 1: in Yellowstone National Park. The life histories of those wolves 28 00:01:43,680 --> 00:01:47,000 Speaker 1: have been carefully recorded, so the team knew where each 29 00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:49,680 Speaker 1: wolf stood in the pecking order. They found that wolves 30 00:01:49,720 --> 00:01:53,760 Speaker 1: infected with toxoplasmosis were eleven times more likely than parasite 31 00:01:53,800 --> 00:01:56,760 Speaker 1: free wolves to leave their birthpack to start a new pack. 32 00:01:57,240 --> 00:02:00,560 Speaker 1: Infected wolves were also an astounding forty six times more 33 00:02:00,640 --> 00:02:04,400 Speaker 1: likely to become pack leaders. This begs the question, have 34 00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:08,280 Speaker 1: we been misjudging taxo plasmosis instead of a life threatening 35 00:02:08,280 --> 00:02:10,799 Speaker 1: parasite could talk? So so so be the key to wealth 36 00:02:10,880 --> 00:02:14,800 Speaker 1: and success. I can just see the Joe Rogan endorsed 37 00:02:14,800 --> 00:02:18,800 Speaker 1: health pills. Now be the top dog. Take these taxo 38 00:02:18,880 --> 00:02:22,480 Speaker 1: pills and lose your inhibitions. Coming to a g MC 39 00:02:22,720 --> 00:02:26,359 Speaker 1: near you. Side effects may include not being a follower, 40 00:02:26,639 --> 00:02:30,359 Speaker 1: as well as headaches, confusion, muscle ftique, paranoia, seizures. This 41 00:02:30,400 --> 00:02:34,600 Speaker 1: week we've got predator contest, crabby energy, legislation, and so 42 00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:36,760 Speaker 1: much more. But first I'm gonna tell you about my week. 43 00:02:38,360 --> 00:02:41,760 Speaker 1: In My week was great. Thanksgiving is easily the best 44 00:02:41,800 --> 00:02:43,959 Speaker 1: holiday at the coincides with the end of the general 45 00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:47,040 Speaker 1: rifle season here in Montana, so I am typically outside 46 00:02:47,080 --> 00:02:50,560 Speaker 1: for a good portion of that holiday, burning calories while 47 00:02:50,600 --> 00:02:54,360 Speaker 1: looking for ways to replenish them. This year, snowstorm and 48 00:02:54,400 --> 00:02:58,080 Speaker 1: severe cold front rolled through, breaking into above freezing temps, 49 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:01,639 Speaker 1: which of course turns ice into water and eastern Montana 50 00:03:01,680 --> 00:03:05,600 Speaker 1: dirt and binding muck. On this particular trip the old 51 00:03:05,639 --> 00:03:09,119 Speaker 1: Toyota through the four wheel drive, which made me real 52 00:03:09,240 --> 00:03:12,120 Speaker 1: familiar with the mud from the top of my nit 53 00:03:12,240 --> 00:03:14,639 Speaker 1: beanie to the tread of my boots. I made up 54 00:03:14,680 --> 00:03:17,440 Speaker 1: for the fact that I have managed to avoid situations 55 00:03:17,440 --> 00:03:19,440 Speaker 1: in which I had to put tire chains on for 56 00:03:19,480 --> 00:03:22,120 Speaker 1: most of my adult life by putting them on and 57 00:03:22,160 --> 00:03:25,360 Speaker 1: taking them off, putting them on and taking them off 58 00:03:26,000 --> 00:03:29,840 Speaker 1: belly down in mud, ice and snow melt. Keep in mind, 59 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:33,359 Speaker 1: I am a conservative driver. Very conscious to not tear 60 00:03:33,440 --> 00:03:36,240 Speaker 1: up roads, and twice the mud got us so bad 61 00:03:36,600 --> 00:03:40,600 Speaker 1: that deer hunt was partially sacrificed. Each night, however, we 62 00:03:40,720 --> 00:03:44,320 Speaker 1: got to cook and sit in absolute comfort in the 63 00:03:44,360 --> 00:03:47,880 Speaker 1: old Black series camper, listening to that Eastern Montana wind 64 00:03:48,160 --> 00:03:52,160 Speaker 1: and the furnace do battle. I'm getting soft boys and girls, 65 00:03:52,640 --> 00:03:55,760 Speaker 1: but man, I didn't have to come home. That was 66 00:03:55,800 --> 00:03:59,680 Speaker 1: a choice. The girlfriend got her first ever white tail buck, 67 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:02,600 Speaker 1: the only deer of the trip, only animal of the trip, 68 00:04:02,880 --> 00:04:06,640 Speaker 1: which was very sad for roll Snorticus. After a first 69 00:04:06,760 --> 00:04:11,640 Speaker 1: night miss, which was her first ever miss, she rallied 70 00:04:11,720 --> 00:04:14,840 Speaker 1: with a well placed shot at one thirty yards the 71 00:04:14,880 --> 00:04:18,880 Speaker 1: next morning on a good looking young white tail buck caught. 72 00:04:18,960 --> 00:04:21,599 Speaker 1: This fell out tending a dough, which is the case 73 00:04:21,680 --> 00:04:24,560 Speaker 1: the last week of the season. This was an interesting 74 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:28,479 Speaker 1: experience as the shot placement was good, slightly high, and 75 00:04:28,520 --> 00:04:31,440 Speaker 1: the buck didn't react at all. He just kept chasing 76 00:04:31,520 --> 00:04:35,920 Speaker 1: his dough. I was positive he was hit, after all, 77 00:04:35,960 --> 00:04:38,440 Speaker 1: I was watching through ten by fifties at a hundred 78 00:04:38,440 --> 00:04:40,599 Speaker 1: and thirty yards, but the buck gave no signs of 79 00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:44,720 Speaker 1: injury until at least ninety seconds after the primer was dented. 80 00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:47,520 Speaker 1: I bet he stayed on his feet for almost ten minutes, 81 00:04:48,160 --> 00:04:54,520 Speaker 1: then eventually begrudgingly laid down. This was not a great scene. I, 82 00:04:54,600 --> 00:04:58,520 Speaker 1: like probably everyone listening, prefer the instant gratification of a 83 00:04:58,600 --> 00:05:03,640 Speaker 1: quick or instantaneous death hoofs in the air, no questions 84 00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:07,599 Speaker 1: need be asked dead, But this was not the case. 85 00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:12,120 Speaker 1: Eileen towards bullet selection as the reason a hundred and 86 00:05:12,160 --> 00:05:16,159 Speaker 1: forty grain burgers were used, and despite a fist sized 87 00:05:16,200 --> 00:05:20,280 Speaker 1: hole on the exit, I just don't believe any expansion 88 00:05:20,320 --> 00:05:23,479 Speaker 1: of that round happened within the body cavity, nor was 89 00:05:23,520 --> 00:05:26,320 Speaker 1: there any apparent shock delivered to the bucket. A hundred 90 00:05:26,320 --> 00:05:29,560 Speaker 1: and thirty yards inspection of the vitals revealed the path 91 00:05:29,600 --> 00:05:31,520 Speaker 1: of the bullet only hit the top of one one, 92 00:05:31,880 --> 00:05:34,479 Speaker 1: which probably meant that what we were waiting on was 93 00:05:34,520 --> 00:05:37,159 Speaker 1: the body cavity in front of the diaphragm to fill 94 00:05:37,240 --> 00:05:41,200 Speaker 1: up with enough blood to asphyxiate the buck This is 95 00:05:41,200 --> 00:05:45,160 Speaker 1: a competition style target round. As I would later find out, 96 00:05:45,760 --> 00:05:48,600 Speaker 1: do your research ahead of time, not in the field 97 00:05:48,880 --> 00:05:52,159 Speaker 1: is a good lesson. I know people do use these 98 00:05:52,279 --> 00:05:54,840 Speaker 1: as hunting rounds, but from what I have seen, they 99 00:05:54,839 --> 00:05:58,880 Speaker 1: are definitely not a hunting round. So that's less than 100 00:05:58,920 --> 00:06:03,080 Speaker 1: one and less and two for all hunters. A reminder 101 00:06:03,120 --> 00:06:06,480 Speaker 1: for the old hunter, a primer for the new hunter. 102 00:06:07,160 --> 00:06:10,400 Speaker 1: My girlfriend is three seasons into her hunting career. I 103 00:06:10,480 --> 00:06:12,840 Speaker 1: tried to provide a lot of space for her to learn, 104 00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:14,919 Speaker 1: as I believe this is the best way to become 105 00:06:14,920 --> 00:06:17,960 Speaker 1: a lifelong hunter. Don't have everything handed to you. You 106 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:23,120 Speaker 1: gotta figure some stuff out. This scene was traumatic. Everything 107 00:06:23,240 --> 00:06:26,360 Speaker 1: she has shot prior to this has died fast, if 108 00:06:26,400 --> 00:06:30,839 Speaker 1: not instantly. I don't know the previous rounds used, but 109 00:06:30,880 --> 00:06:33,120 Speaker 1: I do know the round that we started with three 110 00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:38,120 Speaker 1: seasons ago, which is trophy copper ammunition. Regardless, the lesson 111 00:06:38,160 --> 00:06:41,240 Speaker 1: that was reinforced is one of the most important. I 112 00:06:41,320 --> 00:06:46,040 Speaker 1: believe squeezing that trigger is final. There is no putting 113 00:06:46,040 --> 00:06:48,960 Speaker 1: the bullet back in the gun. You, the hunter, are 114 00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:51,760 Speaker 1: tied to the bullet and what that bullet does when 115 00:06:51,760 --> 00:06:54,599 Speaker 1: it leaves the casing. It's kind of messed up to 116 00:06:54,680 --> 00:06:57,239 Speaker 1: think that when we consider all the things that could 117 00:06:57,320 --> 00:07:00,320 Speaker 1: happen when a bullet leaves the gun. A white tail 118 00:07:00,400 --> 00:07:03,719 Speaker 1: buck taking too long for our liking or taste or 119 00:07:03,800 --> 00:07:07,279 Speaker 1: morals to expire is still on the pretty darned good 120 00:07:07,360 --> 00:07:10,920 Speaker 1: side of the spectrum. But at the same time it's 121 00:07:10,960 --> 00:07:14,680 Speaker 1: a heavy thing to witness. Responsibility is tough, and I 122 00:07:14,720 --> 00:07:20,600 Speaker 1: believe experiences like this lead to very responsible hunters. The 123 00:07:20,640 --> 00:07:24,880 Speaker 1: imagery of a slowly expiring deer sticks with us and 124 00:07:24,960 --> 00:07:27,640 Speaker 1: we don't want to repeat it, which is why we 125 00:07:27,720 --> 00:07:30,400 Speaker 1: spend more time at the range. We do our research 126 00:07:30,440 --> 00:07:33,800 Speaker 1: on our bullet selection, our calibers, and we shoot within 127 00:07:33,880 --> 00:07:37,280 Speaker 1: our means. Lots of room to improve out there for 128 00:07:37,320 --> 00:07:41,480 Speaker 1: all of us, old and new. Moving on to the 129 00:07:41,480 --> 00:07:46,480 Speaker 1: power desk, one of the greatest challenges conservationists will face 130 00:07:46,520 --> 00:07:49,800 Speaker 1: over the next decade is what to do about batteries. 131 00:07:50,320 --> 00:07:53,680 Speaker 1: So called clean forms of energy like solar and wind 132 00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:56,200 Speaker 1: don't use fossil fuels and are much better for the 133 00:07:56,280 --> 00:07:59,680 Speaker 1: environment than coal or natural gas plants. However, in order 134 00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:03,240 Speaker 1: to wear and use that clean electricity, we need batteries. 135 00:08:03,680 --> 00:08:07,360 Speaker 1: Batteries aren't great for the environment, especially the lithium ones 136 00:08:07,440 --> 00:08:10,680 Speaker 1: we use in everything from laptops to Tesla's On the 137 00:08:10,680 --> 00:08:14,200 Speaker 1: front end, lithium mining has been linked to water contamination, 138 00:08:14,440 --> 00:08:17,880 Speaker 1: and cobalt mining has been linked to environmental damage and pollution, 139 00:08:18,280 --> 00:08:21,720 Speaker 1: not to mention other social ills like child labor. On 140 00:08:21,800 --> 00:08:24,680 Speaker 1: the back end, it's unclear exactly what we're going to 141 00:08:24,720 --> 00:08:27,840 Speaker 1: do with all those batteries once they wear out. If 142 00:08:27,880 --> 00:08:31,440 Speaker 1: everyone switched from gas powered vehicles to electric cars overnight, 143 00:08:31,480 --> 00:08:34,480 Speaker 1: the battery waste in seven or ten years would be 144 00:08:34,600 --> 00:08:38,560 Speaker 1: an environmental catastrophe. That's why researchers have been hard at 145 00:08:38,559 --> 00:08:41,800 Speaker 1: work developing batteries that don't pollute, either on the front 146 00:08:41,960 --> 00:08:44,800 Speaker 1: end or the back end. One idea that caught my 147 00:08:44,920 --> 00:08:48,320 Speaker 1: eye uses crab shells and zinc to create what the 148 00:08:48,360 --> 00:08:53,640 Speaker 1: inventors say is a fully biodegradable and recyclable battery. First 149 00:08:53,679 --> 00:08:56,800 Speaker 1: reported in a journal called Matter, the battery is fully 150 00:08:56,800 --> 00:09:00,960 Speaker 1: rechargeable at least one thousand times, which makes it powerful 151 00:09:01,080 --> 00:09:04,360 Speaker 1: enough to be used in the power grid. Researchers from 152 00:09:04,360 --> 00:09:07,640 Speaker 1: the University of Maryland grabs in Maryland or synonymous, so 153 00:09:07,760 --> 00:09:10,600 Speaker 1: no surprise there, and the University of Houston set out 154 00:09:10,600 --> 00:09:13,880 Speaker 1: to create a zinc based battery. According to an article 155 00:09:13,880 --> 00:09:16,719 Speaker 1: in the outlet and throp sne zinc is much more 156 00:09:16,760 --> 00:09:20,439 Speaker 1: abundant than any other battery metals, but for reasons we 157 00:09:20,480 --> 00:09:23,200 Speaker 1: won't go into right now, zinc batteries can be unsafe 158 00:09:23,200 --> 00:09:26,560 Speaker 1: and short lived, so the team of researchers made a 159 00:09:26,559 --> 00:09:30,880 Speaker 1: new biodegradable gel electrolyte from kite is um, a compound 160 00:09:31,080 --> 00:09:34,520 Speaker 1: derived from kiton, which is spelled c h I t 161 00:09:34,800 --> 00:09:38,120 Speaker 1: i an. Kiten is the protein that makes up the 162 00:09:38,160 --> 00:09:42,160 Speaker 1: tough shells of crustaceans such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimps. 163 00:09:42,679 --> 00:09:46,199 Speaker 1: Kitan is usually thrown away as a byproduct of processing 164 00:09:46,240 --> 00:09:50,160 Speaker 1: these crustaceans, and it's been used widely in the biomedical industry. 165 00:09:50,520 --> 00:09:53,199 Speaker 1: Both the kite is an electrolyte and the cathode material 166 00:09:53,280 --> 00:09:55,920 Speaker 1: biodegrade in soil in a few months, and the zinc 167 00:09:56,000 --> 00:09:59,560 Speaker 1: left behind can be recycled. Whether lobsters end up powering 168 00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:02,400 Speaker 1: the green new world remains to be seen. It's a 169 00:10:02,440 --> 00:10:06,400 Speaker 1: long road from scientific journal to real world success, and 170 00:10:06,440 --> 00:10:09,840 Speaker 1: this wouldn't be the first promising development to crumble when 171 00:10:09,880 --> 00:10:12,800 Speaker 1: the rubber meets the road. My skin also kind of 172 00:10:12,840 --> 00:10:14,680 Speaker 1: crawls a bit whenever I hear about a new way 173 00:10:14,720 --> 00:10:18,280 Speaker 1: we're using animals in the marketplace. But at the same time, 174 00:10:18,480 --> 00:10:22,600 Speaker 1: we have a growing invasive green crab population that you know, 175 00:10:22,679 --> 00:10:26,240 Speaker 1: we can't put all into whiskey bottles. Still, this one 176 00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:30,000 Speaker 1: will be fascinating to watch. If nothing else, it's another 177 00:10:30,040 --> 00:10:33,640 Speaker 1: reminder that, no matter how advanced our technology becomes, will 178 00:10:33,720 --> 00:10:36,880 Speaker 1: never be able to totally isolate ourselves from the natural 179 00:10:36,960 --> 00:10:40,880 Speaker 1: world and the amazing materials within. It also makes me 180 00:10:40,960 --> 00:10:44,600 Speaker 1: wonder if the marketing team at Energizer tanked this idea 181 00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:48,760 Speaker 1: years ago because rabbits pulled higher amongst the core demographic. 182 00:10:49,360 --> 00:10:53,120 Speaker 1: I mean, that's crazy talk. I know this idea is 183 00:10:53,160 --> 00:10:55,960 Speaker 1: great for the environment, so people will just buy it. Right, 184 00:10:56,400 --> 00:10:59,440 Speaker 1: crabs only kind of look like spiders instead of fluffy bunnies. 185 00:10:59,480 --> 00:11:03,000 Speaker 1: People will may the right decision, right. Ernest Hemingway once 186 00:11:03,040 --> 00:11:06,800 Speaker 1: wrote the world as a fine place and worth fighting for. 187 00:11:07,679 --> 00:11:11,080 Speaker 1: I agree with the second part. Sorry, let's let's back 188 00:11:11,160 --> 00:11:14,000 Speaker 1: up to something more snappy. With the future of crab 189 00:11:14,040 --> 00:11:17,280 Speaker 1: based batteries on the rise, the old Energizer bunny might 190 00:11:17,440 --> 00:11:25,559 Speaker 1: just get a pinch. How's that? Yeah, that's good. Moving 191 00:11:25,600 --> 00:11:31,000 Speaker 1: on to a packed legislative desk. First, a few updates 192 00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:33,640 Speaker 1: for you all. You Mitten state residents still have a 193 00:11:33,720 --> 00:11:36,120 Speaker 1: chance to weigh in on the proposed expansion of Camp 194 00:11:36,160 --> 00:11:39,840 Speaker 1: Grayling in northern Michigan. The expansion would incorporate about a 195 00:11:39,880 --> 00:11:42,560 Speaker 1: hundred and sixty two thousand acres of state forest land 196 00:11:42,600 --> 00:11:45,960 Speaker 1: within the camp's lease. Hunters in public land recreators are 197 00:11:45,960 --> 00:11:49,520 Speaker 1: concerned how this will affect hunting and angling on those acres, 198 00:11:49,720 --> 00:11:52,000 Speaker 1: and you can hear more about the proposed project in 199 00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:56,000 Speaker 1: episode one seventy. As of this recording, the Michigan Department 200 00:11:56,040 --> 00:11:59,000 Speaker 1: of Natural Resources is still considering whether or not to 201 00:11:59,040 --> 00:12:02,160 Speaker 1: approve the lease. You can submit your comments to d 202 00:12:02,360 --> 00:12:06,440 Speaker 1: n R DASH camp dash gray link at Michigan dot 203 00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:11,440 Speaker 1: g o V. Oregon's ballot Measure one fourteen, which we 204 00:12:11,480 --> 00:12:14,840 Speaker 1: covered an episode one eighty, passed on an insanely close 205 00:12:14,920 --> 00:12:18,560 Speaker 1: fifty point seven to forty nine point three vote that's 206 00:12:18,640 --> 00:12:21,120 Speaker 1: less than one and a half point spread and equaled 207 00:12:21,120 --> 00:12:24,600 Speaker 1: about twenty seven thousand votes out of the nearly two 208 00:12:24,679 --> 00:12:28,840 Speaker 1: million votes cast. Thanks to those twenty seven thousand people, 209 00:12:29,080 --> 00:12:32,199 Speaker 1: Oregonians will now be living under one of these strictest 210 00:12:32,320 --> 00:12:36,600 Speaker 1: uncontrolled regimes in the country. Prospective firearm owners will be 211 00:12:36,679 --> 00:12:39,280 Speaker 1: required to take a course, pass a test, and to 212 00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:43,640 Speaker 1: undergo extensive background checks on top of the federal checks 213 00:12:43,760 --> 00:12:48,040 Speaker 1: everyone must already pass. Magazines holding more than ten rounds 214 00:12:48,040 --> 00:12:51,920 Speaker 1: of ammunition are also banned. Oregonians have been purchasing firearms 215 00:12:51,920 --> 00:12:54,240 Speaker 1: at a record pace to get ahead of the December eighth, 216 00:12:54,240 --> 00:12:57,720 Speaker 1: the deadline. By that time, state police are supposed to 217 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:01,040 Speaker 1: release guidelines for the new permitting pros says, though it's 218 00:13:01,160 --> 00:13:03,640 Speaker 1: unclear if they'll be able to put together such a 219 00:13:03,679 --> 00:13:07,280 Speaker 1: complicated system in that time frame. I would say no. 220 00:13:07,880 --> 00:13:10,319 Speaker 1: If they don't, gun sales throughout the state may be 221 00:13:10,440 --> 00:13:15,319 Speaker 1: halted until the new permitting process is finalized. And speaking 222 00:13:15,320 --> 00:13:18,600 Speaker 1: of Oregon, the state's Department of Fish and Wildlife will 223 00:13:18,600 --> 00:13:23,200 Speaker 1: consider a petition on December, so not this Friday, but 224 00:13:23,320 --> 00:13:26,760 Speaker 1: next Friday, that would ban all kyote calling contests in 225 00:13:26,800 --> 00:13:29,760 Speaker 1: the state. The petition was submitted by an animal rights 226 00:13:29,760 --> 00:13:34,360 Speaker 1: group called Project Coyote. Arizona, California, Colorado, and New Mexico 227 00:13:34,400 --> 00:13:37,840 Speaker 1: have already passed similar bands, and Project Coyote has more 228 00:13:37,880 --> 00:13:41,080 Speaker 1: recently been targeting Oregon and Nevada in their efforts to 229 00:13:41,200 --> 00:13:45,040 Speaker 1: end these contests. A bill along similar lines was also 230 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:48,280 Speaker 1: proposed and rejected in Tennessee last year, which you can 231 00:13:48,280 --> 00:13:52,280 Speaker 1: hear more about an episode one opponents of coyote calling 232 00:13:52,320 --> 00:13:56,839 Speaker 1: contests makes several contradictory arguments. On the one hand, as 233 00:13:56,880 --> 00:13:59,839 Speaker 1: this Oregon petition goes to great lengths to explain, the 234 00:14:00,200 --> 00:14:04,160 Speaker 1: contests don't do much to control kayote populations long term. 235 00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:07,200 Speaker 1: They may reduce the population in the short term, and 236 00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:10,720 Speaker 1: that temporary reduction can help farmers and ranchers that they're 237 00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:14,080 Speaker 1: dealing with an overabundance of coyotes. However, there isn't much 238 00:14:14,160 --> 00:14:17,640 Speaker 1: evidence that a single contest will have a long term impact. 239 00:14:18,160 --> 00:14:21,640 Speaker 1: Based on this assumption, Project Kyote and others argue that 240 00:14:21,720 --> 00:14:25,320 Speaker 1: kyote contests are frivolous and therefore go against the North 241 00:14:25,320 --> 00:14:29,000 Speaker 1: American model of wildlife conservation. You should read the petition 242 00:14:29,040 --> 00:14:33,240 Speaker 1: for yourselves. In my opinion, applying public pressure to abundant 243 00:14:33,280 --> 00:14:37,240 Speaker 1: kyote populations where they are actually posing a problem via 244 00:14:37,360 --> 00:14:41,320 Speaker 1: holding a contest is a tool in the management tool belt. 245 00:14:41,680 --> 00:14:44,720 Speaker 1: Where this tool falls short of intended purpose is when 246 00:14:44,720 --> 00:14:47,280 Speaker 1: the contests are held not for the purpose of knocking 247 00:14:47,320 --> 00:14:51,320 Speaker 1: back and overabundant population of predators in favor of a 248 00:14:51,400 --> 00:14:55,200 Speaker 1: faltering or low prey population, or in the case of 249 00:14:55,240 --> 00:14:59,280 Speaker 1: above average livestock deaths, but the contests are held for 250 00:14:59,680 --> 00:15:04,880 Speaker 1: non agricultural or hunting related economic interests of a county. 251 00:15:04,920 --> 00:15:09,680 Speaker 1: Is there a case for more oversight of KYO contests. Probably, 252 00:15:09,800 --> 00:15:14,360 Speaker 1: I would say sure anytime wildlife and money meat we 253 00:15:14,440 --> 00:15:19,840 Speaker 1: have issues. Do we need to outlaw this tool completely? Well, 254 00:15:20,360 --> 00:15:22,920 Speaker 1: that's for you to decide. If you live in Oregon, 255 00:15:23,160 --> 00:15:26,760 Speaker 1: you have until December sixt to weigh in, email the 256 00:15:26,800 --> 00:15:30,080 Speaker 1: Commission at O d f W dot Commission at o 257 00:15:30,280 --> 00:15:34,160 Speaker 1: DFW dot Oregon dot g o V or attend the 258 00:15:34,200 --> 00:15:41,360 Speaker 1: meeting in person on December six. Over in Washington, the 259 00:15:41,400 --> 00:15:44,080 Speaker 1: Wildlife Commission has dealt a death blow to the states 260 00:15:44,080 --> 00:15:47,400 Speaker 1: spring black bear hunt. The Washington Department of Fish and 261 00:15:47,400 --> 00:15:50,440 Speaker 1: Wildlife supported the hunt, and its yearly approval has been 262 00:15:50,440 --> 00:15:55,480 Speaker 1: a routine formality since. However, in recent years, animal rights 263 00:15:55,480 --> 00:15:59,080 Speaker 1: groups have been successful in influencing the Commission against the hunt, 264 00:15:59,400 --> 00:16:02,840 Speaker 1: and Governor Jay Insley's recent appointments have all come out 265 00:16:02,880 --> 00:16:07,160 Speaker 1: in opposition to it. That long term campaign succeeded last week, 266 00:16:07,320 --> 00:16:10,000 Speaker 1: as the Commission voted five to four to end black 267 00:16:10,040 --> 00:16:13,560 Speaker 1: bear hunting during the spring season. This goes without saying, 268 00:16:13,760 --> 00:16:17,960 Speaker 1: but hunters vehemently opposed the band, and thousands have expressed 269 00:16:17,960 --> 00:16:20,520 Speaker 1: their concern to the Commission over the last two years. 270 00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:23,560 Speaker 1: We've covered this story before, and you can read more 271 00:16:23,600 --> 00:16:27,440 Speaker 1: about it on the Meat Eater website. Basically, opponents of 272 00:16:27,440 --> 00:16:29,920 Speaker 1: the hunt argue that it's cruel to kill bears when 273 00:16:29,920 --> 00:16:32,600 Speaker 1: they're weak and have cubs in the spring, and they 274 00:16:32,680 --> 00:16:35,480 Speaker 1: question whether the state really knows how many bears are 275 00:16:35,560 --> 00:16:39,160 Speaker 1: on the landscape. As we've covered many many times, population 276 00:16:39,200 --> 00:16:44,520 Speaker 1: studies of any animal are estimates. Nobody knows exactly how many. 277 00:16:44,560 --> 00:16:47,080 Speaker 1: There are a lot of trees, a lot of bushes 278 00:16:47,080 --> 00:16:50,320 Speaker 1: out there. Supporters point out that the spring hunt can 279 00:16:50,360 --> 00:16:53,560 Speaker 1: be an effective way to manage bear populations, and that 280 00:16:53,680 --> 00:16:57,680 Speaker 1: the current black bear population is healthy and thriving. Commissioner 281 00:16:57,720 --> 00:17:01,160 Speaker 1: Don McIsaac also pointed out that the Missions mandate calls 282 00:17:01,200 --> 00:17:04,840 Speaker 1: for maintaining the state's traditional hunting practices. If there's a 283 00:17:04,840 --> 00:17:09,480 Speaker 1: traditional hunting and fishing season there, I think the mandate says, 284 00:17:09,840 --> 00:17:12,760 Speaker 1: keep that going if you can. The law and hunting 285 00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:15,440 Speaker 1: when I read that stuff, says do what you can 286 00:17:15,520 --> 00:17:20,040 Speaker 1: to keep traditional hunting going unless there's a conservation problem 287 00:17:20,080 --> 00:17:23,679 Speaker 1: with doing so, and then shut it down. As of 288 00:17:23,800 --> 00:17:27,760 Speaker 1: right now, there isn't a science based, conservation related reason 289 00:17:27,840 --> 00:17:30,879 Speaker 1: to end the spring bear hunt. The bear population is 290 00:17:30,920 --> 00:17:33,960 Speaker 1: doing fine by all available data, and the spring hunt 291 00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:37,720 Speaker 1: didn't remove that many bears. The Commission should be seeking 292 00:17:37,800 --> 00:17:42,640 Speaker 1: to maximize those hunting opportunities, not eliminating an entire season 293 00:17:42,680 --> 00:17:47,000 Speaker 1: based on uncertainty and conjecture. This decision does allow the 294 00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:50,480 Speaker 1: Department of Fish and Wildlife to request future black bear hunts, 295 00:17:50,520 --> 00:17:54,600 Speaker 1: but only in order to address specific management issues. Unless 296 00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:56,840 Speaker 1: the Commission has a change of heart, there will be 297 00:17:56,920 --> 00:18:00,320 Speaker 1: no more spring bear hunt in Washington. The fall hunt 298 00:18:00,359 --> 00:18:03,280 Speaker 1: is still on, but at this point Washingtonians should be 299 00:18:03,320 --> 00:18:06,920 Speaker 1: asking themselves how long that's going to last. If it's 300 00:18:06,920 --> 00:18:09,480 Speaker 1: cruel to kill bears in the spring, it seems like 301 00:18:09,520 --> 00:18:11,959 Speaker 1: it's cruel to kill them in the fall when seals 302 00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:15,040 Speaker 1: are pregnant and trying to get fat in preparation for winter. 303 00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:18,600 Speaker 1: One of my favorite arguments against the spring bear hunt 304 00:18:18,800 --> 00:18:23,399 Speaker 1: was the weaponizing of the word recreation. The Commission seemed 305 00:18:23,440 --> 00:18:27,800 Speaker 1: to not be against bear hunting, but recreational bear hunting. 306 00:18:28,359 --> 00:18:31,960 Speaker 1: So here's just, you know, some ideas, some food for thought. 307 00:18:32,560 --> 00:18:34,920 Speaker 1: How much of what we do in our lives goes 308 00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:39,800 Speaker 1: beyond necessity and slides into recreation. Are we going to 309 00:18:39,840 --> 00:18:44,240 Speaker 1: start villainizing recreation all across the board. It seems like 310 00:18:44,280 --> 00:18:47,320 Speaker 1: a tough thing for state and federal agencies to do. 311 00:18:48,000 --> 00:18:50,520 Speaker 1: Here's a just a for instance for you. What I 312 00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:53,720 Speaker 1: like to do with spring bear is dry brine a 313 00:18:53,720 --> 00:18:56,879 Speaker 1: big ham and smoke it. This takes, you know, a 314 00:18:56,880 --> 00:18:59,480 Speaker 1: couple of days from the start to the finish. This 315 00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:02,160 Speaker 1: is not the only way to enjoy spring bear meat. 316 00:19:02,520 --> 00:19:05,800 Speaker 1: It sure takes a long time. It's not efficient. Does 317 00:19:05,840 --> 00:19:10,080 Speaker 1: that mean it's recreational cooking? I think it does. I'm 318 00:19:10,080 --> 00:19:14,439 Speaker 1: a frequent overeater. Where is the line between healthy and 319 00:19:14,560 --> 00:19:19,159 Speaker 1: recreational eating? I could go on, but suffice it to say, 320 00:19:19,320 --> 00:19:23,439 Speaker 1: the social part of social science is running fast away 321 00:19:23,720 --> 00:19:28,960 Speaker 1: from the science part of social science. In Washington, and 322 00:19:29,040 --> 00:19:32,439 Speaker 1: speaking of slippery slopes, several of you Canucks wrote in 323 00:19:32,480 --> 00:19:34,840 Speaker 1: to tell me about the new rifle band being proposed 324 00:19:34,840 --> 00:19:39,159 Speaker 1: by Canada's Liberal Party. Canadian politicians allied with Prime Minister 325 00:19:39,280 --> 00:19:42,399 Speaker 1: Justin Trudeaux included in an eleventh hour amendment to an 326 00:19:42,400 --> 00:19:46,119 Speaker 1: existing crappy gun bill that would ban millions of semi 327 00:19:46,160 --> 00:19:50,080 Speaker 1: automatic rifles and shotguns. The amendment would ban quote any 328 00:19:50,200 --> 00:19:53,560 Speaker 1: rifle or shotgun that is capable of discharging center fire 329 00:19:53,640 --> 00:19:57,120 Speaker 1: ammunition in a semi automatic manner, and that is designed 330 00:19:57,160 --> 00:20:01,320 Speaker 1: to accept a detachable cartridge magazine the capacity greater than 331 00:20:01,359 --> 00:20:05,480 Speaker 1: five cartridges. The band would not include semi automatic shotguns 332 00:20:05,600 --> 00:20:09,160 Speaker 1: that use a tubular magazine, but ownership of virtually any 333 00:20:09,160 --> 00:20:12,800 Speaker 1: other semi automatic rifle or scattered gun would be prohibited. 334 00:20:13,320 --> 00:20:17,120 Speaker 1: Canada already bans a r pattern rifles, but Trudeau's government 335 00:20:17,160 --> 00:20:20,920 Speaker 1: believes that isn't enough to address Canada's rising rates of homicide. 336 00:20:21,280 --> 00:20:24,320 Speaker 1: Since handguns are the most commonly used weapon and firearm 337 00:20:24,359 --> 00:20:27,240 Speaker 1: related homicides, I'm not sure this is going to help 338 00:20:27,320 --> 00:20:31,280 Speaker 1: that much. The Canadian Shooting Sports Association says the amendment 339 00:20:31,320 --> 00:20:34,600 Speaker 1: would criminalize the majority of Canada's two point two million 340 00:20:34,680 --> 00:20:38,320 Speaker 1: legal gun owners, and a Canadian gun rights group called 341 00:20:38,320 --> 00:20:42,199 Speaker 1: it quote the largest gun band in Canadian history. If 342 00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:44,400 Speaker 1: you'd like to weigh in as a law abiding gun 343 00:20:44,440 --> 00:20:46,720 Speaker 1: owner who stands to be made an outlaw by doing 344 00:20:46,760 --> 00:20:51,760 Speaker 1: nothing wrong, get in touch with your member of parliament. Well, 345 00:20:51,840 --> 00:20:55,600 Speaker 1: last one for you. In Illinois, the legislature is currently 346 00:20:55,640 --> 00:20:58,720 Speaker 1: considering a bill that would greatly increase public access to 347 00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:02,080 Speaker 1: waterways in the state. Thanks to John hap for sending 348 00:21:02,080 --> 00:21:05,359 Speaker 1: this one in over the summer, the Illinois Supreme Court 349 00:21:05,440 --> 00:21:09,040 Speaker 1: voted unanimously in favor of a landowner who barred public 350 00:21:09,080 --> 00:21:12,439 Speaker 1: access to a stream that flowed through his property. In 351 00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:15,520 Speaker 1: a previous ruling, the State Supreme Court ruled that only 352 00:21:15,600 --> 00:21:19,359 Speaker 1: quote navigable waterways are open to the public. It defined 353 00:21:19,480 --> 00:21:23,480 Speaker 1: navigable as of sufficient depth to afford a channel for 354 00:21:23,680 --> 00:21:27,159 Speaker 1: use for commerce. In other words, unless the river is 355 00:21:27,200 --> 00:21:30,040 Speaker 1: deep enough to float a commercial boat, a landowner can 356 00:21:30,040 --> 00:21:33,680 Speaker 1: deny access to it. However, in their ruling in favor 357 00:21:33,720 --> 00:21:36,720 Speaker 1: of the landowner, two of the justices urged the legislature 358 00:21:36,880 --> 00:21:40,840 Speaker 1: to take up this issue to expand water access. This year, 359 00:21:40,880 --> 00:21:44,520 Speaker 1: the legislature is doing just that. Each B five eight 360 00:21:44,640 --> 00:21:48,240 Speaker 1: four four would expand the definition of navigable to include 361 00:21:48,320 --> 00:21:51,040 Speaker 1: rivers or streams that can be used by commercial and 362 00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:54,560 Speaker 1: recreational craft for a substantial part of the year. There's 363 00:21:54,560 --> 00:21:57,160 Speaker 1: still quite a bit of wiggle room in that definition, 364 00:21:57,400 --> 00:22:00,720 Speaker 1: but as it currently reads, it seems like most waterways 365 00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:02,640 Speaker 1: would be open to the public if you can flow 366 00:22:02,680 --> 00:22:05,400 Speaker 1: to kayak down them for most of the year. If 367 00:22:05,440 --> 00:22:08,399 Speaker 1: you live in Illinois, get in touch with your state representatives. 368 00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:11,800 Speaker 1: If you recreate in Illinois but don't live there, get 369 00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:14,879 Speaker 1: in touch with state representatives in the areas you do 370 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:19,639 Speaker 1: play in about HB five eight four four. That's House 371 00:22:19,680 --> 00:22:24,120 Speaker 1: Bill five eight four four. Moving on to the citizen 372 00:22:24,200 --> 00:22:29,080 Speaker 1: science desk, a hunter is being credited with launching an 373 00:22:29,080 --> 00:22:31,760 Speaker 1: expedition that spotted a bird that hadn't been seen in 374 00:22:31,760 --> 00:22:35,040 Speaker 1: a hundred and forty years. Thanks to Jennenovic for sending 375 00:22:35,080 --> 00:22:39,240 Speaker 1: this one in. The critically endangered black naped pheasant pigeon 376 00:22:39,520 --> 00:22:44,679 Speaker 1: hadn't been cited by researchers since two. For a little context, 377 00:22:44,920 --> 00:22:48,200 Speaker 1: that's the year Chester A. Arthur was president, polygamy was 378 00:22:48,280 --> 00:22:51,800 Speaker 1: first deemed at federal felony, Jesse James was shot, and 379 00:22:51,880 --> 00:22:55,679 Speaker 1: Thomas Edison established the first commercial electrical power plant and 380 00:22:55,760 --> 00:23:00,640 Speaker 1: Lower Manhattan, So you know, lots happened anyway. The black 381 00:23:00,720 --> 00:23:03,640 Speaker 1: naped pheasant pigeon lives on the five hundred square mile 382 00:23:03,760 --> 00:23:07,399 Speaker 1: Ferguson Island off the coast of southeast Papua New Guinea. 383 00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:10,719 Speaker 1: Papua New Guinea is an island just north of Australia. 384 00:23:11,040 --> 00:23:14,240 Speaker 1: A local hunter named Augustine Gregory first reported that he'd 385 00:23:14,280 --> 00:23:17,159 Speaker 1: seen the ground dwelling bird and heard its calls. A 386 00:23:17,240 --> 00:23:20,320 Speaker 1: team of researchers with the Papua New Guinea National Museum, 387 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:24,439 Speaker 1: Cornell Abbe of Ornithology, and the American Bird Conservancy arrived 388 00:23:24,480 --> 00:23:27,199 Speaker 1: in September and lived there for about a month. They 389 00:23:27,240 --> 00:23:29,800 Speaker 1: set up trail cams in likely areas, but didn't see 390 00:23:29,840 --> 00:23:33,040 Speaker 1: the bird until two days before they were set to leave. 391 00:23:33,440 --> 00:23:37,520 Speaker 1: That's when a postdoctoral researcher named Jordan Borsma spotted the 392 00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:41,479 Speaker 1: small black and orange feathered bird walking right past the camera. 393 00:23:42,080 --> 00:23:44,439 Speaker 1: This isn't the first time they've tried to document evidence 394 00:23:44,480 --> 00:23:47,320 Speaker 1: of the bird's existence. They launched a similar expedition in 395 00:23:47,359 --> 00:23:49,800 Speaker 1: two thousand nineteen, but it wasn't until they got a 396 00:23:49,840 --> 00:23:52,320 Speaker 1: hot tip from a hunter that they were able to 397 00:23:52,359 --> 00:23:57,119 Speaker 1: be successful. The total black naped pheasant pigeon population is uncertain, 398 00:23:57,320 --> 00:23:59,840 Speaker 1: but the i u c M, the International Union for 399 00:23:59,880 --> 00:24:03,240 Speaker 1: the Conservation of Nature, estimates that between fifty and two 400 00:24:04,200 --> 00:24:07,040 Speaker 1: birds exist in the wild. The pheasant pigeon is a 401 00:24:07,119 --> 00:24:10,720 Speaker 1: large terrestrial pigeon that feeds on seeds and fallen fruits. 402 00:24:10,960 --> 00:24:13,920 Speaker 1: The loss of forest habitat due to logging and subsistence 403 00:24:13,960 --> 00:24:17,280 Speaker 1: agriculture is likely the cause of its decline, and let's 404 00:24:17,280 --> 00:24:22,160 Speaker 1: be honest, cats right anyway, Researchers are hoping these new 405 00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:25,800 Speaker 1: images will jump started conservation effort as there is currently 406 00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:29,439 Speaker 1: very little being done to protect the endangered and tasty 407 00:24:29,440 --> 00:24:35,560 Speaker 1: looking bird. Moving on to the predator desk, a new 408 00:24:35,560 --> 00:24:38,760 Speaker 1: study by researchers in Alaska claims that the states predator 409 00:24:38,840 --> 00:24:42,840 Speaker 1: control programs have had no impact on the moose population 410 00:24:42,880 --> 00:24:47,240 Speaker 1: in Game Management Unit thirteen. This management unit is located 411 00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:49,639 Speaker 1: in the south central portion of the state and is 412 00:24:49,680 --> 00:24:53,760 Speaker 1: a popular moose hunting destination. The study considered programs that 413 00:24:53,840 --> 00:24:57,400 Speaker 1: targeted wolves, brown bears, and black bears and correlated those 414 00:24:57,440 --> 00:25:01,440 Speaker 1: program numbers to the moose population the last four decades. 415 00:25:01,840 --> 00:25:05,040 Speaker 1: The studies authors claimed that these predator control programs had 416 00:25:05,160 --> 00:25:08,400 Speaker 1: zero impact on the moose population within this game management 417 00:25:08,520 --> 00:25:13,679 Speaker 1: unit quote. Whatever factors caused fluctuations in moose harvests over time, 418 00:25:13,880 --> 00:25:17,119 Speaker 1: in GMU thirteen, the number of predators killed was not 419 00:25:17,320 --> 00:25:20,760 Speaker 1: significant as being one of them. Regardless of how we 420 00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:24,800 Speaker 1: sorted the available data, we were unable to detect positive 421 00:25:24,840 --> 00:25:29,520 Speaker 1: relationship between kill numbers of any predator species and subsequent 422 00:25:29,720 --> 00:25:33,840 Speaker 1: moose harvests. The graphs included and the study demonstrate that 423 00:25:33,840 --> 00:25:37,119 Speaker 1: while the bear harvest increase between nineteen seventy three and 424 00:25:37,119 --> 00:25:41,399 Speaker 1: two thousand twenty, the moose harvest remained relatively consistent. The 425 00:25:41,480 --> 00:25:44,600 Speaker 1: number fluctuated widely year to year, but over the course 426 00:25:44,640 --> 00:25:47,600 Speaker 1: of the last forty seven years, the moose harvest didn't 427 00:25:47,680 --> 00:25:52,040 Speaker 1: change all that much. The wolf harvest, meanwhile, increased gradually 428 00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:54,760 Speaker 1: since nine, with a peak in two thousand one, and 429 00:25:54,800 --> 00:25:58,240 Speaker 1: then declined after two thousand four, except for a peak 430 00:25:58,359 --> 00:26:02,280 Speaker 1: in two thousand eighteen. These numbers aren't really disputed, but 431 00:26:02,320 --> 00:26:05,240 Speaker 1: there is a great deal of debate in Alaska about 432 00:26:05,320 --> 00:26:09,200 Speaker 1: why the moose harvest fluctuates and whether predator management programs 433 00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:12,399 Speaker 1: have anything to do with it. Some argue that wolf 434 00:26:12,440 --> 00:26:15,600 Speaker 1: management programs have a beneficial short term effect on the 435 00:26:15,640 --> 00:26:19,840 Speaker 1: moose population. Tom Paragi, a research scientists with the Alaska 436 00:26:19,880 --> 00:26:22,480 Speaker 1: Department of Fishing, Game, pointed out to the Anchorage Daily 437 00:26:22,520 --> 00:26:25,920 Speaker 1: News that the moose harvest nearly doubled after wolf control 438 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:29,160 Speaker 1: started in the unit in two thousand two, it eventually 439 00:26:29,160 --> 00:26:32,600 Speaker 1: returned to the levels hunters were seen before predator control 440 00:26:32,680 --> 00:26:36,119 Speaker 1: was banned in the early nineteen nineties. Looking at the graph, 441 00:26:36,359 --> 00:26:38,920 Speaker 1: it's clear that the moose harvest reached a low point 442 00:26:38,960 --> 00:26:42,440 Speaker 1: in two thousand one before gradually beginning to rise until 443 00:26:42,480 --> 00:26:47,240 Speaker 1: it hit mid nineties level. This could indicate that targeting 444 00:26:47,280 --> 00:26:51,400 Speaker 1: wolves had a beneficial effect on the moose population. However, 445 00:26:51,720 --> 00:26:54,800 Speaker 1: as the researchers note in the study, two thousand one 446 00:26:54,840 --> 00:26:58,639 Speaker 1: was also the year policymakers changed the definition of a 447 00:26:58,720 --> 00:27:02,640 Speaker 1: legally harvested move to a harder to obtain I'll say 448 00:27:02,840 --> 00:27:07,000 Speaker 1: in quote trophy class of an additional brow tinne requirement 449 00:27:07,280 --> 00:27:11,320 Speaker 1: necessitating a minimum of four total brow times on at 450 00:27:11,400 --> 00:27:14,920 Speaker 1: least one side. Prior to this change, the minimum brow 451 00:27:15,000 --> 00:27:18,520 Speaker 1: tign requirement was three on one side with a minimum 452 00:27:18,520 --> 00:27:21,399 Speaker 1: with the fifty inches And just so you know, prior 453 00:27:21,440 --> 00:27:26,160 Speaker 1: to that with requirement was only thirty six inches. Another 454 00:27:26,280 --> 00:27:29,440 Speaker 1: explanation for the dip and slow rise is that hunters 455 00:27:29,440 --> 00:27:33,320 Speaker 1: were becoming acclimated to these new policies. We all know 456 00:27:33,359 --> 00:27:36,760 Speaker 1: how fishermen are with reading a tape measure. Well, you know, 457 00:27:36,880 --> 00:27:40,000 Speaker 1: moose hunters are the same people. The debates over predator 458 00:27:40,040 --> 00:27:44,320 Speaker 1: and ungulate populations often look exactly like this. One side 459 00:27:44,440 --> 00:27:46,840 Speaker 1: argues that it's all about the wolves, while the other 460 00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:50,040 Speaker 1: side points out all the other factors like disease and 461 00:27:50,119 --> 00:27:54,800 Speaker 1: weather that also significantly impact moose, elk and deer populations. 462 00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:57,760 Speaker 1: The truth is that no one really knows for sure. 463 00:27:58,240 --> 00:28:00,760 Speaker 1: It's almost impossible to tease out the effect of a 464 00:28:00,800 --> 00:28:04,480 Speaker 1: single factor in a complex natural system, and anyone who 465 00:28:04,520 --> 00:28:09,560 Speaker 1: says otherwise is lying, or misinformed, or just desperate to 466 00:28:09,680 --> 00:28:15,360 Speaker 1: make a complicated world simple. I get it, but that 467 00:28:15,440 --> 00:28:18,720 Speaker 1: doesn't mean hunters or biologists can ignore studies like this. 468 00:28:19,359 --> 00:28:22,920 Speaker 1: If predator management isn't having the desired effect, wouldn't it 469 00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:26,320 Speaker 1: be better to know sooner rather than later. That way, 470 00:28:26,480 --> 00:28:30,000 Speaker 1: we can use those dollars and resources pursuing solutions that 471 00:28:30,119 --> 00:28:33,520 Speaker 1: actually help populations of animals we love to hunt, rather 472 00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:37,119 Speaker 1: than solutions that feel good and seem right but maybe 473 00:28:37,160 --> 00:28:40,400 Speaker 1: don't work. That's all I've got for you this week. 474 00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:43,400 Speaker 1: Thank you so much for listening. Remember to write in 475 00:28:43,760 --> 00:28:46,640 Speaker 1: to a s k c a L that's asked how 476 00:28:46,800 --> 00:28:49,000 Speaker 1: at the Meat Eater dot com and let me know 477 00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:51,600 Speaker 1: what's going on in your neck of the woods. Also, 478 00:28:51,840 --> 00:28:54,680 Speaker 1: if you're looking for a clean, quiet way to knock 479 00:28:54,680 --> 00:28:57,960 Speaker 1: out yard debris, stoke up a fire and make you 480 00:28:58,040 --> 00:29:00,360 Speaker 1: look like a pro while you're doing it, go to 481 00:29:00,560 --> 00:29:04,840 Speaker 1: www dot steel Dealers dot com and find a local, 482 00:29:04,920 --> 00:29:07,720 Speaker 1: knowledgeable steel dealer near you. They're gonna get you set 483 00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:09,600 Speaker 1: up with what you need, and they won't try to 484 00:29:09,640 --> 00:29:12,600 Speaker 1: send you home with what you don't. Thanks again, and 485 00:29:12,680 --> 00:29:13,720 Speaker 1: I'll talk to you next week.