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Speaker 1: If you've been tuning into our New Year series, you

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Speaker 1: know we're talking about making the best version of you.

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Speaker 1: And in our sleep episode last week, we talked about

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Speaker 1: how important sleep was for immunity. Yes, we did.

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Speaker 2: Sleep is so important to so many aspects of our

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Speaker 2: overall health, but one of the things that stood out

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Speaker 2: the most to me was how it impacts our immune system,

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Speaker 2: which is wild.

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Speaker 1: Yes, And you know, over the past couple of years,

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Speaker 1: I feel like the iword immunity has been everywhere. Yes,

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Speaker 1: but do we really know what it is? No, we don't.

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Speaker 1: It's clear.

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Speaker 3: I've seen the tweets.

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Speaker 2: Okay, we're feeling that word around as if it means

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Speaker 2: a thousand different things, but I know that it means

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Speaker 2: something very specific.

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Speaker 1: Well, you're in luck. That's what we're talking about all

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Speaker 1: this left, let's get into it. I'm t T and

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Speaker 1: I'm Zakiyah and from Spotify.

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Speaker 4: This is Dope Labs.

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Speaker 2: Welcome to Dope Labs, a weekly podcast that mixes hardcore science,

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Speaker 2: pop culture, and a healthy dost of friendship. This week,

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Speaker 2: we're talking all about the immune system. Specifically, we really

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Speaker 2: wanted to know more about how it works and what

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Speaker 2: we can do to make it stronger.

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Speaker 1: Yes, it's peak cold and flu season. And I've seen

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Speaker 1: a lot of you sharing elderberry syrup, ginger lemon emergency,

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Speaker 1: all of that on your IG stories. You're telling us

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Speaker 1: all about your immune system hacks and boosters. So this

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Speaker 1: lab is really for you. We're going to get into

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Speaker 1: what the immune system is and how it works. So

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Speaker 1: let's get into the recipation.

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Speaker 2: So before we say what do we know? What I

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Speaker 2: know what Tekia knows. It's two very different things. To

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Speaker 2: be clear, I feel like I know next to nothing

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Speaker 2: about the immune system and how it works. I feel

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Speaker 2: like I know very very basic things that I think

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Speaker 2: most people know, like your immune system is important and

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Speaker 2: having a good immune system will help you. But that's

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Speaker 2: kind of where it stops for me.

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Speaker 1: Well that's okay, because I'm going to help you ask

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Speaker 1: some other questions like where exactly is immune system in

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Speaker 1: the body, how does it work, what happens if it's

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Speaker 1: not working or if it's overworking, what's going on there?

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Speaker 1: And then I think the question we both have TT

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Speaker 1: is about all the hacks we see about strengthening and

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Speaker 1: boosting and enhancing the immune system.

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Speaker 2: Yes, some of it just seems like made up stuff

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Speaker 2: like I'm just like, who told you that?

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Speaker 3: Who told you that?

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Speaker 2: Like, oh, chew on your big toenail for three minutes

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Speaker 2: and then spit it out and spin round like I

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Speaker 2: don't know.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I wouldn' chew on it, but if you do,

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Speaker 1: happy that you want it, definitely spit it out all right.

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Speaker 1: That makes me feel like we are ready for the dissection.

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Speaker 1: You're ready, CC, I'm ready.

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Speaker 3: Hold my hand. Friend.

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Speaker 1: Our guest for today's lab is doctor Piel Gupta.

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Speaker 5: My name is doctor Pyle Gupta. I am an adult

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Speaker 5: and pediatric allergy and asthma specialists and also a nominologist.

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Speaker 5: And I live and work in New York City.

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Speaker 2: Okay, for me, let's start with the basics. What is

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Speaker 2: the immune system?

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Speaker 5: Our immune system is our body's way of protecting us

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Speaker 5: from foreign invaders. And what I mean by foreign invaders

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Speaker 5: are things like viruses, like bacteria, like fungi and even cancers.

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Speaker 2: Okay, so these are all the things we definitely don't

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Speaker 2: want in our bodies.

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Speaker 1: So if we zoom out, we can think about the body.

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Speaker 1: It's this single tube from the mouth to the booty basically,

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Speaker 1: and your skin is wrapping all of that and keeping

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Speaker 1: everything in a closed system. So your skin is like

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Speaker 1: your protective barrier, right, Our skin is a physical barrier

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Speaker 1: to those foreign invaders and particles.

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Speaker 2: You know, you gotta stay moisturized. You gotta put lotion

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Speaker 2: on those elbows. Yes, moisturized skin is soft and supple

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Speaker 2: and plump. But not moisturized skin or dry skin cracks

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Speaker 2: and bleeds and things like that.

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Speaker 1: All right, we have our protective barrier of skin protecting

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Speaker 1: everything inside. If anything penetrates that barrier, it's then facing

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Speaker 1: our immune system. And the immune system can be split

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Speaker 1: into two parts, the innate immune system and the adaptive

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Speaker 1: or acquired immune system.

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Speaker 2: So innate being the immune system that you are born with.

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Speaker 1: Yes, and that's not unique to us. So if we

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Speaker 1: look at it, all animals have an innate immune system,

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Speaker 1: and so do plants.

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Speaker 3: Ooh, I didn't know that.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I need to treat my snake plant better. There

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Speaker 2: it's currently three leaves sitting on the floor.

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Speaker 3: Okay.

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Speaker 2: So there's our skin, which provides a physical barrier. Then

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Speaker 2: there's the innate and acquired immune systems. So let's talk

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Speaker 2: about the innate immune system first.

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Speaker 5: And so then innate immune systems are first line of deference,

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Speaker 5: and this line of defense or this army reacts to

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Speaker 5: fight infection quickly.

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Speaker 1: The innate immune system is non specific, so it just says, invader,

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Speaker 1: respond right. It doesn't know who you are. It just

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Speaker 1: knows that it is not right.

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Speaker 2: That's like your house security system when you come in

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Speaker 2: the door.

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Speaker 3: It's like, hey, I don't know who you are.

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Speaker 1: Bepep.

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Speaker 2: You may be the owner, you might not be. Yes,

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Speaker 2: but you better put it in the security code or

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Speaker 2: there's gonna.

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Speaker 3: Be some problems.

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Speaker 1: Yes, you know. So let's say that system is not

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Speaker 1: very specific. It's just a strong first response. Our second

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Speaker 1: line of defense is the acquired immune system. So if

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Speaker 1: we were to compare these things, the innate immune system

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Speaker 1: is not specific. Acquired is specific. The innate immune system

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Speaker 1: is permanent and the response is immediate. For the fired

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Speaker 1: immune system is transient. It's not always permanent, and the

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Speaker 1: response is not immediate, but it is specific and is

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Speaker 1: coming right for you, is right on time.

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Speaker 2: So the acquired immune system is something that your body

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Speaker 2: builds over time, and that's based off of socio physical factors.

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Speaker 1: That's a really good question. You begin building your acquired

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Speaker 1: immune system from being a fetus right across the placenta.

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Speaker 1: The mom is giving you some immunity right there, thanks mommy.

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Speaker 5: When a baby is first born, they're not ready to

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Speaker 5: fight every infection. They are fragile, and our immune systems

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Speaker 5: when we're born aren't where we want them to be.

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Speaker 1: Then, even thinking about what happens. As soon as you're born,

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Speaker 1: you have been inside this other closed system, so you

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Speaker 1: don't have any bacteria. You know, how we talk about

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Speaker 1: the microbiome on the skin and how we talk about

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Speaker 1: the bacteria that's part of our personal environment. You acquire

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Speaker 1: that as you pass through the birth and canal, or

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Speaker 1: if you are delivered by c section, you acquire that

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Speaker 1: from that delivery process, and then you know that skin

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Speaker 1: to skin contact with mom. At that point, you are

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Speaker 1: being colonized with bacteria and other microorganisms right then, and

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Speaker 1: those things are all over your skin, colonizing the body.

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Speaker 1: So that's what's helping you specifically t t when you're

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Speaker 1: eating all that crazy food and helping you not get sick.

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Speaker 1: Those bacteria in your gut, you acquire that stuff from birth.

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Speaker 2: So your adaptive immune system starts developing from the jump

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Speaker 2: through the birth canal, skin to skin all those germs

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Speaker 2: getting into your tiny baby body are what your body

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Speaker 2: needs to adapt to the outside world.

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Speaker 1: And so when you think about when a baby t

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Speaker 1: t is always sick, you know, like you've seen your

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Speaker 1: nieces and nephew with those running noses, Yes, that is

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Speaker 1: them being exposed to these foreign particles and pathogens, and

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Speaker 1: their immune systems are beginning to recognize these things and

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Speaker 1: getting smarter. So that's why kids get so sick when

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Speaker 1: they first go to like preschool or todaycare, because their

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Speaker 1: bodies are being injured, used to new bacteria that they've

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Speaker 1: never seen before, bacteria, viruses, all of that, and that

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Speaker 1: is how you develop that learned or acquired immunity. So

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Speaker 1: then when you get to a big age like our age,

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Speaker 1: we've seen a lot of the things that were in

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Speaker 1: the nursery already, so our bodies are better equipped to

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Speaker 1: fight it. Yes, and you may be able to clear

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Speaker 1: those things really quickly. So a cold that may have

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Speaker 1: your little toddler cousin with a running nose for a week,

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Speaker 1: you may have the sniffles for like one day, and

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Speaker 1: you're good. You're ready to bounce back and keep it moving.

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Speaker 5: And then as we get older, we get exposed to

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Speaker 5: the environment, which also exposes our body to foreign particles,

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Speaker 5: foreign substances, and our body starts to recognize what is

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Speaker 5: normal what is abnormal, and then the immune system slowly

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Speaker 5: starts to grow.

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Speaker 2: So our immune system generally peaks between puberty and young

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Speaker 2: adulthood and starts to decline around the age of sixty.

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Speaker 5: That's why older individuals we have to be extra careful,

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Speaker 5: just like we are with babies, because they are more

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Speaker 5: susceptible to.

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Speaker 1: We talked about this in our Protect Your Net episode.

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Speaker 1: Really young babies in infants, so under six or seven months,

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Speaker 1: can't get a flu shot, so everybody around them gets

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Speaker 1: a flu shot to kind of cocoon them and to

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Speaker 1: keep themselves from passing something on to the baby. Similarly,

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Speaker 1: older adults, so over sixty five, they also have a

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Speaker 1: week immune system, but their immune system can handle a

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Speaker 1: little bit more than an infant can. So what we

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Speaker 1: find is that if you think about a flu shot,

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Speaker 1: if you were under five years old, we can say

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Speaker 1: just have like one dose, compared to if you're an

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Speaker 1: adult of great health and you're not compromised in any way,

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Speaker 1: you would have what we considered maybe two times the dose.

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Speaker 1: But for people who are over sixty five, the amount

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Speaker 1: of flu vaccine they're receiving is considered three times the

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Speaker 1: dose of what a kid would get, right, because a

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Speaker 1: kid needs much less prompting. Their immune systems are so robust.

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Speaker 1: It's like, got it, Like if you were trying to

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Speaker 1: do a TikTok, I'm gonna need a little bit more

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Speaker 1: time to get my TikTok together than somebody who's twelve. Right,

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Speaker 1: They're native to that system. They know what to do.

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Speaker 1: It's just like a learning curve for your immune system

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Speaker 1: as you get older.

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Speaker 2: So now we know what the immune system is. We

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Speaker 2: know that there's some that is innate, so that stuff

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Speaker 2: that you're born with, and then we know that there's

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Speaker 2: some aspects of our immune system that we acquire over

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Speaker 2: time based on exposure. But where is all of this happening?

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Speaker 2: Is there like an immune system Oregon?

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Speaker 3: Is it near? My pancreas was just.

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Speaker 2: One of the one of the only organs I remember

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Speaker 2: from biology, like creas kid.

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Speaker 1: Me, you're doing good, You're doing good. Stomach, Well, basically

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Speaker 1: it's all over. It's not in any one place, so

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Speaker 1: in your bones. And I'm not just talking about one bone,

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Speaker 1: all your bones. Inside there's bone marrow, which is this

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Speaker 1: like spongy kind of stuff. That is the place where

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Speaker 1: lymphocytes are made. Lymphocytes are also maturing in the thymus,

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Speaker 1: which is if you think about like where your neck

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Speaker 1: is that butterfly organ over your neck, that's your thyroid

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Speaker 1: comes straight down between your lungs and your chest. That's

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Speaker 1: the thymus, and cells that are part of the immune

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Speaker 1: system are maturing right in there. You also have like

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Speaker 1: your lymph nods, which are kind of like under your

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Speaker 1: arms if you've ever gotten sick and felt like sore

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Speaker 1: under your arms or right there under your jawline a

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Speaker 1: little bit. Yeah, there's even lymphnose right in the groin

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Speaker 1: area too. Other areas are like the spleen and even

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Speaker 1: your tonsils. I just think of that as like the

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Speaker 1: battleground for our immune system.

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Speaker 2: Really, our tonsils are spleen. What was the other one,

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Speaker 2: the lymph nodes, lymph nodes spleen.

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Speaker 1: Okay, you're getting it.

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Speaker 3: I'm following. I'm following.

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Speaker 5: Some of the fighters in this army are things like macrifages,

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Speaker 5: basa phylls, dendritic cells, or neutrophils, so these are all

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Speaker 5: fancy names for cells in our body that do different

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Speaker 5: things to get rid of the bacteria or viruses or

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Speaker 5: other foreign invaders. Macrifages are kind of like these big

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Speaker 5: cells that kind of engulf what i've foreign particle. They

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Speaker 5: see the chemicals inside of the macrophage just eat up

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Speaker 5: whatever they see, and so that's kind of what a

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Speaker 5: macrifage does. Neutrophills are kind of in a similar way

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Speaker 5: doing that same thing.

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Speaker 1: Those cell types and neutrophills, basofyls, mass cells, dendritic cells,

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Speaker 1: those are all part of our innate immune system, and

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Speaker 1: so tt like you mentioned, if things slip past our

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Speaker 1: innate immune system, they move on to our second line

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Speaker 1: of defense, which is our acquired immune system.

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Speaker 2: The acquired immune system uses lymphocytes, so those are cells

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Speaker 2: that circulate in the blood and are made up of

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Speaker 2: T cells and B cells to target specific pathogens.

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Speaker 5: These cells take longer to develop because their behaviors evolve

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Speaker 5: from learned experiences, but they tend to live longer than

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Speaker 5: innate cells, and the adaptive immune cells remember foreign invaders

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Speaker 5: after their first encounter and then fight them off the

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Speaker 5: next time more easily. So this is really the fundamental

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Speaker 5: concept and premise for how vaccines work.

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Speaker 1: For example, yes, remember in the HIV episodes with doctor

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Speaker 1: Christine Daniels, we talked about creating that mugshot, and so

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Speaker 1: your immune system is like I already know who you

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Speaker 1: are and I know what to do.

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Speaker 3: Uh huh.

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Speaker 1: That's basically what we're doing when we expose our bodies

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Speaker 1: to vaccines, speeding up that learning process.

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Speaker 2: So, now that we understand how the immune system works,

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Speaker 2: what are some signs we can look for to know

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Speaker 2: that it's working.

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Speaker 1: One of the most common misconceptions is that if you

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Speaker 1: get quote unquote sick, so like if your nose is running,

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Speaker 1: or if you are achey, or if you have a fever,

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Speaker 1: that your immune system isn't working. But that's actually a

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Speaker 1: sign that it is. Let's take lymph nodes for example.

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Speaker 5: Lymph Nodes are tissues that are found all over our bodies,

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Speaker 5: and lymph nodes produce white blood cells, and white blood

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Speaker 5: cells help fight off infection.

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Speaker 2: Lymph Nodes can be found underneath our neck, under our arms,

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Speaker 2: near our grain, and literally all over.

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Speaker 5: When we actually get sick, then our lymph nodes go

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Speaker 5: into action, and that's when they get inflamed, and that's

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Speaker 5: when they get bigger. That's evidence that your body is

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Speaker 5: doing something to fight off.

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Speaker 1: And so when we think about people's response to the

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Speaker 1: COVID vaccine and boosters, or even the flu shot, sore arms, fatigue,

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Speaker 1: all of that is just a sign that your immune

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Speaker 1: system is working.

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Speaker 2: You know that the flu shot makes me hurl every

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Speaker 2: time I get it. I didn't know that, girl, it

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Speaker 2: happened at your house in North Carolina.

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Speaker 3: Oh the flu.

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Speaker 1: Shot did that to you, haven't. You just had a

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Speaker 1: different kind of responding.

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Speaker 3: Paint the picture for you. Okay. I was as a

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Speaker 3: kid's parents' house.

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Speaker 1: Oh, at my parents' house.

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Speaker 3: Yes.

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Speaker 2: We were hitting golf balls with her dad, and I

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Speaker 2: had just gotten a flu shot like two days before.

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Speaker 2: It was my very first flu shot, so I didn't

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Speaker 2: know nothing was gonna happen to me. He put lamb

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Speaker 2: on the grill. We was eating good, okay, hitting golf balls.

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Speaker 2: Her dad is launching those golf balls into the stratosphere.

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Speaker 2: And then all of a sudden, I'm like, something is

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Speaker 2: not right. I start to feel lightheaded, and then I

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Speaker 2: say I'm about to throw up.

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Speaker 3: I run to the bathroom. I felt awful.

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Speaker 2: Because we had so much good food that i'll I

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Speaker 2: was like, I really hope he doesn't think it was

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Speaker 2: his food, because I know it's not his food.

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Speaker 3: I don't know what's wrong with me.

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Speaker 2: But then I was like, I have to go home,

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Speaker 2: and so I drove back to Dorn and then proceeded

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Speaker 2: to vomit my life away for the next two days.

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Speaker 1: And does this happen every time you get a flu shot?

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Speaker 3: Not that extreme.

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Speaker 2: So that was my very first flu shot, So it

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Speaker 2: makes sense based on what you and doctor Gupta have

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Speaker 2: been saying about the immune system. My first experience with

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Speaker 2: the flu shot, I had a really strong reaction because

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Speaker 2: my body's like, okay, is how do we get rid

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Speaker 2: of this?

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Speaker 3: What is this?

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Speaker 2: This is something new that we've never seen before. But

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Speaker 2: now every time I get the flu shot since then,

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Speaker 2: I'll get supernaxous. Sometimes I'll throw up. But the last

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Speaker 2: time I got it, I just felt a little queasy.

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Speaker 2: And so mm hmm, I'm guessing this immune system is

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Speaker 2: doing what it's supposed to do.

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Speaker 3: It's given what it's supposed to give.

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Speaker 5: Yeah, and if you don't have those symptoms, if you

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Speaker 5: don't have that ak meester or you didn't really get sick.

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Speaker 5: It doesn't mean their immune system wasn't working. It just

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Speaker 5: means that you can feel your immune system working more

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Speaker 5: than maybe somebody else.

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Speaker 1: Another example of the immune system working, Baby, you've seen

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Speaker 1: me suffer from this is allergies. That's our immune system overreacting.

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Speaker 2: Listen, I have allergies, but I have never seen someone

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Speaker 2: suffer like my friend.

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Speaker 1: Okay, you don't want to be outside with me without

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Speaker 1: a Xytec and a flow Naze spray in nostril.

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Speaker 2: I've got to get my friend inside. She is perishing.

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Speaker 2: Every time our.

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Speaker 5: Immune system all of a sudden looks at a dog

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Speaker 5: protein or a cat protein, or you know, dust mighte

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Speaker 5: and all of a sudden thinks that this is something

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Speaker 5: that I need to react against, when in fact, it's

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Speaker 5: not something that you need to react against. So it

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Speaker 5: isn't like the tree because tree protein is actually good.

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Speaker 5: It's good for our environment. We need more of it.

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Speaker 5: But it's that when our body sees it, it's reacting

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Speaker 5: in an abnormal way and causing a ripple effect of

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Speaker 5: all these chemicals being released, and those chemicals are what

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Speaker 5: caused the damage and the inflammation and all the symptoms

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Speaker 5: that we experience.

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Speaker 1: So when we think about how people are treating their allergies,

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Speaker 1: a lot of people are taking antihistamines and things like this,

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Speaker 1: and what they're doing is actually dampening their immune system.

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Speaker 1: They're turning that reaction down so that they're not getting

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Speaker 1: so much of the running nose and the inflammation. Histamines

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Speaker 1: are chemicals involved in our immune system, and if you

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Speaker 1: take benadrill or something like that for allergies, you'll see

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Speaker 1: the term antihistamine. And what that's doing is you can

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Speaker 1: think of it as kind of sequestering those histamines away

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Speaker 1: so you don't get those responses like the running nose

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Speaker 1: and the itchy eyes and the inflammation that's associated with

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Speaker 1: our immune systems overreacting to these allergens. Right, So you're

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Speaker 1: basically saying, hey, take it easy, all right, it's.

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Speaker 3: Holding your immune system back home.

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Speaker 1: Me back. Yeah, Yes, that's exactly what it's like. And

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Speaker 1: the nice thing is that it's specific to the allergens,

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Speaker 1: so it doesn't mean that your immune system is impaired

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Speaker 1: from protecting you against other things. So that's really nice

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Speaker 1: to have that kind of specific targeting for allergies.

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Speaker 2: Okay, so let's take a break and when we come back,

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Speaker 2: we'll talk all about what happened is when the immune

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Speaker 2: system doesn't work and what we can do to strengthen

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Speaker 2: our immune system.

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Speaker 1: We're back and we're talking about the immune system with

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Speaker 1: doctor Piel Gupta. Now that we have a better understanding

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Speaker 1: of what the immune system does and how it works,

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Speaker 1: what happens if it's not working. So what we've learned

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Speaker 1: is that there are some immune system disorders and they

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Speaker 1: mostly have to do with the immune system operating out

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Speaker 1: of balance, either underreacting or overreacting to a foreign invader.

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Speaker 1: When the immune system is underreacting, it's called an immune deficiency.

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Speaker 5: So an immune deficiency is when our body isn't reacting

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Speaker 5: to viruses, bacteria, fungi, And it can be from the cells,

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Speaker 5: you know, all of these different cells, from a part

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Speaker 5: of those cells not working properly, or that there aren't

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Speaker 5: enough of those cells to help fight infection. So it

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Speaker 5: can be either the function or it can be the amount.

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Speaker 1: And immune deficiency can be primary which means it was

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Speaker 1: inherited at birth, or secondary which means it's not an

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Speaker 1: innate disorder but something that is secondary to another condition

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Speaker 1: such as cancer or AIDS, which stands for acquired immune

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Speaker 1: deficiency syndrome, and those immune deficiencies can range in severity

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Speaker 1: and treatment.

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Speaker 5: So in those situations, you know, those patients need extra boosters,

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Speaker 5: they need more antibiotics, they need stronger antibiotics than other people.

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Speaker 5: If it's a severe immune deficiency, we sometimes have to

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Speaker 5: actually replace the bone marrow and that the more severe

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Speaker 5: ones will show up at birth, and so we actually

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Speaker 5: have a screening system to kind of find those immune

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Speaker 5: deficiencies very quickly when a baby is born so that

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Speaker 5: we can help protect them and take care of them

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Speaker 5: and make sure that they don't get that first infection

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Speaker 5: that could lead to unfortunate circumstances.

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Speaker 2: So then what about the other side of the coin

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Speaker 2: when our immune system is overreactive.

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Speaker 5: And then the overactive immune system is you know, things

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Speaker 5: like autoimmune diseases, so you know where like thyroid dysfunction, lupus, rheumatrate, arthritis,

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Speaker 5: things like that where our immune system might be acting

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Speaker 5: against us. Then we get other issues where a lot

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Speaker 5: of inflammation, a lot of the things that we use

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Speaker 5: to fight infection and turn then causes problems in our body.

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Speaker 2: So some parts of our immune system we cannot change

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Speaker 2: because it's just what we're born with, and so there's

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Speaker 2: not much we can do to fix it. But there

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Speaker 2: are aspects of our lives that do affect our immune

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Speaker 2: system that we have some control over, like sleep. And

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Speaker 2: we just finished talking about sleep in the last two labs,

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Speaker 2: and what we know about sleep is that it is

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Speaker 2: not created equal. There are some of us who have

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Speaker 2: the privilege of being able to get eight hours of

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Speaker 2: deep sleep, but there are other people who don't because

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Speaker 2: of where they live, their jobs, gets, or anything in between.

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Speaker 5: But definitely for the immune system, we know that during

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Speaker 5: sleep we're actually producing certain side of kinds that we

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Speaker 5: need in order to fight infection. So cyto kinds are

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Speaker 5: essentially just chemicals that then call other players into action.

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Speaker 1: If we don't produce those side of kinds, we're susceptible

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Speaker 1: to all types of attacks on our immune system. So,

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Speaker 1: like you said, TT, yes, sleep is key for a

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Speaker 1: healthy immune system. But what are some of the other

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Speaker 1: things you've seen people doing to increase their immune health?

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Speaker 3: Oh, my goodness, so many things.

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Speaker 2: I think you mentioned that elderberry, which yes, I had

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Speaker 2: never heard of, right before COVID. Right before COVID I'd

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Speaker 2: never heard of elderberry, but not everybody is, you know,

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Speaker 2: injecting into their veins.

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Speaker 1: The other thing that I remember being big was celery juice.

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Speaker 1: Do you remember when everybody was drinking all that celery juice?

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Speaker 2: Yes, and everybody is me. I was drinking celery juice

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Speaker 2: for a little bit. I didn't know that then it's disgusting.

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Speaker 2: That's why I was adding it into my juices that

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Speaker 2: I was making at the time that had apple, cucumber,

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Speaker 2: gender and things like that, and I was like, oh, celery,

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Speaker 2: and I put the.

441
00:22:07,800 --> 00:22:09,480
Speaker 3: Celery in the thing. Celery.

442
00:22:09,840 --> 00:22:12,240
Speaker 2: Let me tell you, you'll know if they're celery in that

443
00:22:12,320 --> 00:22:15,480
Speaker 2: juice that you're drinking, because it turns it to something pungent.

444
00:22:15,920 --> 00:22:19,240
Speaker 2: You'll know if it's gross. Look at the ingredients they're

445
00:22:19,280 --> 00:22:19,879
Speaker 2: celery in it.

446
00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:22,560
Speaker 1: When you think about those things, celery feels like the tuba,

447
00:22:22,720 --> 00:22:25,199
Speaker 1: like you're praying a beautiful siphony with your juices, and

448
00:22:25,200 --> 00:22:29,600
Speaker 1: if you put celery in there, it's like coming like, yeah,

449
00:22:30,240 --> 00:22:42,720
Speaker 1: it's not right. But I wonder when I think about

450
00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:46,000
Speaker 1: immune health and all of these things the stomach and

451
00:22:46,040 --> 00:22:49,359
Speaker 1: the acids in our stomach, they're destroying things that we

452
00:22:49,400 --> 00:22:52,239
Speaker 1: put in there, so is that really working? Can't we

453
00:22:52,280 --> 00:22:54,320
Speaker 1: eat our way to better immune health?

454
00:22:54,359 --> 00:22:57,119
Speaker 5: But as far as nutrition goes and dyet and the

455
00:22:57,119 --> 00:23:01,000
Speaker 5: immune system in general, having a health diet is going

456
00:23:01,040 --> 00:23:03,399
Speaker 5: to allow you to have a healthy immune system and

457
00:23:03,440 --> 00:23:06,159
Speaker 5: a healthy body. So I'll take, like, for example, vitamin C.

458
00:23:06,640 --> 00:23:09,920
Speaker 5: Our bodies don't make vitamin C, right, but we need

459
00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:12,639
Speaker 5: it for our immune system. And we get vitamin C

460
00:23:12,840 --> 00:23:16,040
Speaker 5: from our diet, and usually it's from citrus fruits, strawberries,

461
00:23:16,160 --> 00:23:21,640
Speaker 5: green vegetables, tomatoes, And the recommended dietary allowance for men

462
00:23:22,040 --> 00:23:25,399
Speaker 5: is ninety milligrams per day and for women at seventy

463
00:23:25,400 --> 00:23:28,480
Speaker 5: five milligrams per day. That's pretty easy to get if

464
00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:31,119
Speaker 5: you have a pretty well balanced diet. You don't have

465
00:23:31,160 --> 00:23:32,520
Speaker 5: to work very hard to get it.

466
00:23:32,560 --> 00:23:35,600
Speaker 1: But if you're eating any of those things, then I'm

467
00:23:35,640 --> 00:23:39,240
Speaker 1: not saying anybody on this line is not eating those things,

468
00:23:39,280 --> 00:23:40,480
Speaker 1: but some people might not be.

469
00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:42,240
Speaker 3: I do take a vitamin seapoof.

470
00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:45,040
Speaker 1: Well, that's a good way you are taking a supplement.

471
00:23:45,440 --> 00:23:46,840
Speaker 1: So does that make a difference?

472
00:23:52,520 --> 00:23:52,719
Speaker 3: You know?

473
00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:56,080
Speaker 5: According to Harvard Health, the data on vitamin C is

474
00:23:56,119 --> 00:23:59,560
Speaker 5: that it's only marginally beneficial when it comes to things

475
00:23:59,560 --> 00:24:02,040
Speaker 5: like the common and when you see something like that

476
00:24:02,080 --> 00:24:04,760
Speaker 5: where it says it's only marginally beneficial, that means that

477
00:24:05,160 --> 00:24:08,480
Speaker 5: more than likely taking large amounts of vitamin C is

478
00:24:09,119 --> 00:24:11,200
Speaker 5: maybe going to help you a little bit, but maybe

479
00:24:11,240 --> 00:24:11,719
Speaker 5: not so.

480
00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:14,359
Speaker 2: Doctor Gupta is saying that at least for something like

481
00:24:14,440 --> 00:24:18,159
Speaker 2: vitamin C, focusing on a healthy, balanced lifestyle is the

482
00:24:18,160 --> 00:24:21,119
Speaker 2: most important thing and getting plenty of exercise and sleep

483
00:24:21,160 --> 00:24:23,399
Speaker 2: as well. Those are the best things you can do

484
00:24:23,520 --> 00:24:26,119
Speaker 2: to keep up a healthy immune system and best to

485
00:24:26,160 --> 00:24:28,399
Speaker 2: focus on before you start adding supplements.

486
00:24:28,440 --> 00:24:31,280
Speaker 5: And then the other big, big, big factor for all

487
00:24:31,320 --> 00:24:34,560
Speaker 5: of these supplements and things like that is the cost

488
00:24:35,040 --> 00:24:37,639
Speaker 5: and the safety. So you know, even though it says

489
00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:41,280
Speaker 5: quote unquote natural on something, if you're taking an enlarger

490
00:24:41,400 --> 00:24:45,639
Speaker 5: doses because they're saying that these higher doses might be beneficial,

491
00:24:45,960 --> 00:24:48,520
Speaker 5: well it could also be the opposite. It could also

492
00:24:48,880 --> 00:24:52,280
Speaker 5: yield a side effect because anything in a higher concentration

493
00:24:52,359 --> 00:24:53,720
Speaker 5: can also cause problems.

494
00:24:53,840 --> 00:24:56,240
Speaker 1: Well, just know, our bodies can't absorb all those vitamins

495
00:24:56,320 --> 00:24:57,679
Speaker 1: and they really can end up as waste.

496
00:24:57,840 --> 00:25:00,000
Speaker 5: Something that my girlfriend just said the other day would

497
00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:03,280
Speaker 5: which is super important and she's a physician. Also, is

498
00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:07,639
Speaker 5: that Americans have the most expensive P in all of

499
00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:08,119
Speaker 5: the world.

500
00:25:08,480 --> 00:25:09,960
Speaker 1: Ah literally liquid gold.

501
00:25:11,480 --> 00:25:14,000
Speaker 2: This is perfect because in next week's lab we are

502
00:25:14,040 --> 00:25:19,280
Speaker 2: talking to doctor Alice Lichtenstein about vitamins and why our

503
00:25:19,480 --> 00:25:22,000
Speaker 2: p is so expensive in the United States. We're going

504
00:25:22,080 --> 00:25:24,520
Speaker 2: to talk about the vitamin industry, and we're going to

505
00:25:24,600 --> 00:25:27,400
Speaker 2: be talking about what we need to be considering if

506
00:25:27,600 --> 00:25:39,440
Speaker 2: or when we decide we want to take vitamins. I

507
00:25:39,440 --> 00:25:40,720
Speaker 2: think one of the things that I feel like is

508
00:25:40,760 --> 00:25:44,040
Speaker 2: really important with what doctor Gupto was saying, is that

509
00:25:44,280 --> 00:25:47,840
Speaker 2: our immune system, our innate immune system or the immune

510
00:25:47,880 --> 00:25:51,160
Speaker 2: system that we develop over time. It's not something that

511
00:25:51,560 --> 00:25:53,399
Speaker 2: you know, some people can help. The stuff that we

512
00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:57,280
Speaker 2: are born with or the conditions that someone might have

513
00:25:57,760 --> 00:25:59,600
Speaker 2: that can dictate a lot of different things.

514
00:25:59,680 --> 00:26:01,160
Speaker 3: So when she talked about the.

515
00:26:01,040 --> 00:26:05,000
Speaker 2: Thyroid, there's thyroid deficiencies where you can have an overactive

516
00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:08,960
Speaker 2: thyroid and then that leads to other health issues like

517
00:26:09,040 --> 00:26:13,719
Speaker 2: weight gain or fatigue or depression.

518
00:26:13,720 --> 00:26:15,400
Speaker 3: And those are all linked to your thyroid.

519
00:26:15,480 --> 00:26:18,640
Speaker 2: So I think these types of distinctions are important to realize.

520
00:26:18,840 --> 00:26:21,200
Speaker 2: One mind your business.

521
00:26:21,080 --> 00:26:23,600
Speaker 1: And most of all, mind your.

522
00:26:23,480 --> 00:26:27,280
Speaker 2: Own immune system and keep those things in mind when

523
00:26:27,720 --> 00:26:32,280
Speaker 2: people are struggling with different ailments like diabetes, like lupus,

524
00:26:32,520 --> 00:26:33,760
Speaker 2: like thyroid disease.

525
00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:36,240
Speaker 1: I think, first of all, you have no clue what's

526
00:26:36,280 --> 00:26:39,240
Speaker 1: going on in your immune system until something goes wrong.

527
00:26:39,760 --> 00:26:42,919
Speaker 1: I mean, it is magical how all these different systems

528
00:26:42,920 --> 00:26:46,159
Speaker 1: are operating and interconnecting and with so many different inputs.

529
00:26:46,240 --> 00:26:49,919
Speaker 1: If we think back to the things we've talked about psychologically, socially,

530
00:26:50,240 --> 00:26:53,760
Speaker 1: how those things have biological implications. The health you had

531
00:26:54,000 --> 00:26:56,639
Speaker 1: at fifteen is not the health you're going to have

532
00:26:56,680 --> 00:26:58,280
Speaker 1: at thirty, and it's not the health you're going to

533
00:26:58,359 --> 00:27:01,040
Speaker 1: have at sixty. And it's designed that way. So when

534
00:27:01,040 --> 00:27:02,800
Speaker 1: people say I'm at the best health of my life,

535
00:27:02,840 --> 00:27:04,760
Speaker 1: that may be different than somebody else's health. You know,

536
00:27:05,320 --> 00:27:07,640
Speaker 1: as much as we feel in control, we're not really

537
00:27:07,680 --> 00:27:10,480
Speaker 1: in control of you know, what's happening in our bodies.

538
00:27:10,760 --> 00:27:13,800
Speaker 1: You're born with a certain set of components and you

539
00:27:13,880 --> 00:27:16,200
Speaker 1: do what you can with that. And I think there's

540
00:27:16,200 --> 00:27:18,440
Speaker 1: been a lot of conversation when we think about wellness

541
00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:20,959
Speaker 1: that sometimes I feel like it goes off the rails

542
00:27:21,320 --> 00:27:22,879
Speaker 1: about like, oh, you got to do this stuff to

543
00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:26,200
Speaker 1: be healthy. There are genetic differences, there are all these

544
00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:28,119
Speaker 1: other things that kind of happen along the way, And

545
00:27:28,160 --> 00:27:29,600
Speaker 1: I think we just need to be aware of that,

546
00:27:29,880 --> 00:27:32,439
Speaker 1: and that your immune system is designed to peak, you know,

547
00:27:32,440 --> 00:27:34,639
Speaker 1: at a certain age and then start dropping off. And

548
00:27:34,680 --> 00:27:37,240
Speaker 1: what those peaks and valleys look like and how often

549
00:27:37,280 --> 00:27:39,880
Speaker 1: they happen could be tied to so many other factors.

550
00:27:39,880 --> 00:27:41,000
Speaker 1: There's just no way to know.

551
00:27:41,480 --> 00:27:42,680
Speaker 3: Yeah, I think that's a great point.

552
00:27:42,720 --> 00:27:45,840
Speaker 2: So it also makes you think, like checking with yourself,

553
00:27:46,400 --> 00:27:50,960
Speaker 2: are you noticing anything abnormal or something that you feel

554
00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:52,760
Speaker 2: like it happens to you more often, you are getting

555
00:27:52,760 --> 00:27:55,639
Speaker 2: sick more often than other people. Maybe that's the perfect

556
00:27:55,680 --> 00:27:58,280
Speaker 2: time talk to your doctor about it. Yes, like we

557
00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:01,320
Speaker 2: said in our early episode, Protect You, did you see

558
00:28:01,600 --> 00:28:03,439
Speaker 2: how people were making fun of Kevin Durant because his

559
00:28:03,560 --> 00:28:06,800
Speaker 2: leg was ashy? Yes, so you know that's social commentary,

560
00:28:06,840 --> 00:28:10,359
Speaker 2: but that's also health advice. Kevin Durant, please moisturize your

561
00:28:10,359 --> 00:28:13,360
Speaker 2: first line of defense. But one of the symptoms for

562
00:28:13,560 --> 00:28:16,000
Speaker 2: hashimotives disease is dry skin.

563
00:28:16,280 --> 00:28:16,960
Speaker 3: Is dry skin.

564
00:28:17,480 --> 00:28:19,120
Speaker 1: Yes, so now I feel bad.

565
00:28:19,320 --> 00:28:21,640
Speaker 3: Yeah, I mean I didn't comment on the internet.

566
00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:23,840
Speaker 1: Yeah, but I don't ever comment on the internet like

567
00:28:23,880 --> 00:28:29,119
Speaker 1: that you were doing to yourself under Yeah, but that

568
00:28:29,160 --> 00:28:31,320
Speaker 1: doesn't mean go out and start diagnosing people with stuff.

569
00:28:31,520 --> 00:28:33,800
Speaker 3: No mind your business. They will go to their doctor.

570
00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:36,359
Speaker 1: That's the main diagnosis. That's what I'm doing in twenty

571
00:28:36,359 --> 00:28:38,000
Speaker 1: twenty two. In my business.

572
00:28:38,120 --> 00:28:40,720
Speaker 3: It's none of my business. It's none of my business.

573
00:28:41,160 --> 00:28:53,000
Speaker 1: Yes, all right, it's time for one thing, okay, So

574
00:28:53,080 --> 00:28:54,920
Speaker 1: my one thing this week is something that actually is

575
00:28:54,920 --> 00:28:57,959
Speaker 1: the key to put me onto not too long ago.

576
00:28:57,560 --> 00:29:03,040
Speaker 2: And it's wordle. So can you put me onto this

577
00:29:03,080 --> 00:29:05,280
Speaker 2: new game called Wordle? I don't even know the website,

578
00:29:05,320 --> 00:29:07,320
Speaker 2: but if you type wordle into Google, it'll take you

579
00:29:07,360 --> 00:29:09,479
Speaker 2: to the website where you can play wordle. And what

580
00:29:09,480 --> 00:29:11,640
Speaker 2: it is is that each day there is a word

581
00:29:11,640 --> 00:29:13,600
Speaker 2: that you're trying to guess, and there's like some strategy

582
00:29:13,640 --> 00:29:15,240
Speaker 2: and things like that in order to guess the word,

583
00:29:15,240 --> 00:29:17,240
Speaker 2: and you get six chances to guess what the word is.

584
00:29:17,880 --> 00:29:19,680
Speaker 3: I played it for.

585
00:29:19,680 --> 00:29:22,040
Speaker 2: A couple of days, so I've done two boards now.

586
00:29:22,400 --> 00:29:24,920
Speaker 2: I have been able to guess one one time, and

587
00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:28,600
Speaker 2: it made me very very happy. And you'll see people

588
00:29:28,640 --> 00:29:32,600
Speaker 2: on Twitter, on Instagram everywhere talking about wordle. It's very

589
00:29:32,640 --> 00:29:35,320
Speaker 2: popular right now. So I encourage everybody to play long

590
00:29:35,560 --> 00:29:36,080
Speaker 2: what's your.

591
00:29:35,920 --> 00:29:36,360
Speaker 3: One thing, Z.

592
00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:41,640
Speaker 1: My one thing is my supplemental textbook for this episode,

593
00:29:41,640 --> 00:29:44,920
Speaker 1: which I just absolutely love. It's called Immune, A Journey

594
00:29:44,960 --> 00:29:47,320
Speaker 1: into the mysterious System that keeps you alive. It doesn't

595
00:29:47,360 --> 00:29:50,000
Speaker 1: read like a traditional textbook. It's by Philip Debtmer It

596
00:29:50,040 --> 00:29:53,200
Speaker 1: has great images. I love it. I'm holding it up

597
00:29:53,280 --> 00:29:57,640
Speaker 1: right now. You guys can't see that, but I just

598
00:29:57,640 --> 00:29:59,800
Speaker 1: just love the way it's written. It's great science communication,

599
00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:14,280
Speaker 1: recommended for anybody interested in the immune system. That's it

600
00:30:14,320 --> 00:30:16,560
Speaker 1: for Lab forty seven. Call us at two zero two

601
00:30:16,680 --> 00:30:19,120
Speaker 1: five six seven seven zero two eight and tell us

602
00:30:19,120 --> 00:30:21,160
Speaker 1: what you thought about this lab, or give us an

603
00:30:21,160 --> 00:30:23,160
Speaker 1: idea for a lab we could do later in the semester.

604
00:30:23,360 --> 00:30:26,560
Speaker 1: We like hearing from you. That's two zero two five

605
00:30:26,720 --> 00:30:28,400
Speaker 1: six seven seven zero two eight.

606
00:30:28,640 --> 00:30:30,520
Speaker 2: And don't forget there's so much more for you to

607
00:30:30,560 --> 00:30:32,840
Speaker 2: dig into on our website. There'll be a cheat sheet

608
00:30:32,880 --> 00:30:36,080
Speaker 2: for today's lab, additional links and resources in the show notes.

609
00:30:36,120 --> 00:30:38,680
Speaker 2: Plus you can sign up for our newsletter check it

610
00:30:38,680 --> 00:30:46,360
Speaker 2: out at dope blastpodcast dot com. Special thanks to today's

611
00:30:46,400 --> 00:30:49,880
Speaker 2: guest expert, doctor Payel Gupta. Find her on Instagram at

612
00:30:50,040 --> 00:30:55,720
Speaker 2: NYC doctor and on Twitter at NYC Doctor Gupta Dope.

613
00:30:55,480 --> 00:30:59,240
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614
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615
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616
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617
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618
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619
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