WEBVTT - Plate Tectonics Are What Makes Earth Inhabitable 0:00:00.880 --> 0:00:06.840 Q Josh Trumpet. But you know what that means, everybody. 0:00:07.080 --> 0:00:08.840 We are going back on tour again. We are hitting 0:00:08.880 --> 0:00:12.600 the road next year in January for our annual Pacific 0:00:12.640 --> 0:00:15.840 Northwest and Northern California Swing, and we will be at 0:00:15.840 --> 0:00:20.000 the Paramount Theater in Seattle on January twenty fourth, Revolution 0:00:20.079 --> 0:00:22.880 Hall and Portland on the twenty fifth, and our home 0:00:22.960 --> 0:00:26.599 away from home at San Francisco's Sketch Fest on January 0:00:26.720 --> 0:00:27.440 twenty six. 0:00:27.640 --> 0:00:30.680 Yeah, we'll be at the Sydney Goldstein Theater again. Everybody 0:00:30.880 --> 0:00:34.880 a great place, that's right. If you want tickets and information, 0:00:35.080 --> 0:00:37.840 you can go to linktree slash sysk and it's got 0:00:37.880 --> 0:00:40.320 all that jam. You can go to our website stuff 0:00:40.320 --> 0:00:42.600 youshould do dot com. It's got all that jam. And 0:00:42.640 --> 0:00:45.239 we will see all of you guys in January with 0:00:45.440 --> 0:00:45.920 bells on. 0:00:47.720 --> 0:00:54.000 Welcome to stuff you should know, a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:57.440 --> 0:01:00.360 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh and fucking 0:01:00.560 --> 0:01:04.760 Jerry's here too, and we're just moving slowly against one another, 0:01:05.720 --> 0:01:09.280 starting static in the slowest possible way. 0:01:09.760 --> 0:01:12.840 Yeah. Perhaps one day will be a mountain. 0:01:12.560 --> 0:01:17.520 Range yeah, or a deep deep drench hmm. 0:01:18.160 --> 0:01:20.160 All right, you get down there. I'll be up in 0:01:20.200 --> 0:01:21.600 the mountains, all right. 0:01:22.000 --> 0:01:23.840 When I'm down there, I'll be like, Hello, how's the 0:01:23.840 --> 0:01:24.679 weather up there? 0:01:26.480 --> 0:01:29.600 Jerry'll be uh, you know her nickname will sea level 0:01:30.280 --> 0:01:32.319 Roland sea level. 0:01:32.920 --> 0:01:34.679 Yeah, but we need to spell it with just the 0:01:34.760 --> 0:01:37.760 letter C. Right, that's more nickname me. 0:01:38.200 --> 0:01:42.960 Oh no, that sounds mean all of a sudden seed level. 0:01:43.160 --> 0:01:44.319 Oh I didn't mean it like that. 0:01:44.480 --> 0:01:46.319 Yeah, like Jerry's the sea level producer. 0:01:47.000 --> 0:01:54.040 Right, Wow, that was just subconscious, Sorry, Jerry. So since 0:01:54.120 --> 0:01:55.720 Jerry said that was okay, I say we just go 0:01:55.720 --> 0:01:57.680 ahead and move on because we're making all these plate 0:01:57.720 --> 0:02:00.440 tectonic jokes for a good reason. Chuck. We're going to 0:02:00.520 --> 0:02:04.480 talk today in part about plate tectonics, that's. 0:02:04.360 --> 0:02:07.160 Right, But first we're going to go back before that. 0:02:08.360 --> 0:02:11.799 Yeah, so I included this. I coupled this together from 0:02:11.840 --> 0:02:15.200 a bunch of different stuff, including our old Vulnerable House 0:02:15.200 --> 0:02:19.799 Stuff work site, net Geo, Live Science, I go wrong there, 0:02:19.919 --> 0:02:25.360 Heritage Daily, Good Stuff, Great You of Calgary. Yeah, the 0:02:25.520 --> 0:02:30.320 U stands for Upwardly Mobile Mob of Calgary. Uh huh. 0:02:30.840 --> 0:02:33.040 And then Wonderum Daily, which I hadn't heard of before, 0:02:33.080 --> 0:02:34.120 but it's a cool little site. 0:02:34.320 --> 0:02:38.400 Is it a wondrium on the daily, on the daily. 0:02:39.360 --> 0:02:41.600 So yeah, I coupled this together and I wanted to 0:02:41.639 --> 0:02:46.600 put this in there about the idea of what people 0:02:46.680 --> 0:02:48.920 used to think of I guess I'm fascinated with that 0:02:49.000 --> 0:02:52.000 lately because I just did a whole episode on on 0:02:52.040 --> 0:02:54.760 what people used to think before the scientific method. I 0:02:54.800 --> 0:02:57.520 feel like we talked about something similar in another episode, 0:02:57.520 --> 0:02:59.880 and then now we've got this. But this, to me 0:03:00.160 --> 0:03:06.000 is like we're right on the precipice of essentially folklore 0:03:06.200 --> 0:03:10.320 and then scientific understanding. This is essentially like the dividing 0:03:10.360 --> 0:03:13.320 line what we're looking at right here in this first 0:03:13.320 --> 0:03:15.680 little anecdote. And then the other reason I thought it 0:03:15.720 --> 0:03:20.040 was really significant is because I think Madam Blovotsky, who 0:03:20.240 --> 0:03:22.400 kind of comes up in a second, she would play 0:03:22.720 --> 0:03:25.440 really well today, everybody'd be like, what kind of bs 0:03:25.480 --> 0:03:27.280 are you selling? I want to give you some of 0:03:27.320 --> 0:03:30.640 my money, Like she would be a featured like Goop contributor. 0:03:30.720 --> 0:03:38.880 Basically, yeah, yes, you're talking about Helena Blavatsky aka Madam Blovotsky, 0:03:39.200 --> 0:03:44.000 the Russian occultist from the eighteen hundreds who was a 0:03:44.040 --> 0:03:47.640 member and co founder in fact of the Theosophical society 0:03:47.920 --> 0:03:49.800 that sounds like it would play these days for sure, 0:03:50.400 --> 0:03:57.520 for sure. And something that keep wanting sleep Blatovsky. Blavatsky 0:03:58.360 --> 0:04:02.440 was going on about back then was something called Lemuria. 0:04:03.560 --> 0:04:05.040 And we'll get to how that came about in a 0:04:05.040 --> 0:04:07.560 second as well. But this is the idea that a 0:04:07.560 --> 0:04:14.920 lot of theosophists, huh thought that, Hey listen, Religion has tried, 0:04:15.360 --> 0:04:19.839 science has tried, but nobody still here in the nineteenth 0:04:19.880 --> 0:04:23.160 century has fully explained how we got here and what's 0:04:23.200 --> 0:04:27.839 going on on planet Earth. But I am able to 0:04:28.120 --> 0:04:33.360 because I am the great Blavatsky, and I have talent 0:04:33.440 --> 0:04:35.680 and insight into the times that came before. 0:04:36.520 --> 0:04:39.560 Yeah, through psychic gifts, right, So just drop. 0:04:39.400 --> 0:04:42.839 Your rubles in a bucket and I'll tell you exactly. 0:04:43.320 --> 0:04:46.520 So. She had I think, multiple books, but in one 0:04:46.520 --> 0:04:48.680 in particular that came out in nineteen eighty eight, called 0:04:48.720 --> 0:04:53.120 The Secret Doctrine, she talked about how there were seven 0:04:53.240 --> 0:04:57.160 root races. This is another thing people were very preoccupied with. Oh, yeah, 0:04:57.200 --> 0:04:59.800 where we came from? Yeah, And the reason why is 0:05:00.040 --> 0:05:03.359 because just a couple decades before, Darwin had published on 0:05:03.400 --> 0:05:05.719 the origin of the species. And it's really difficult to 0:05:05.720 --> 0:05:10.240 get across like the revolution and understanding that book brought right, 0:05:10.839 --> 0:05:13.200 and that made people fascinated like, wait, okay, well where 0:05:13.200 --> 0:05:15.080 did we come from? If God just didn't go boop 0:05:15.200 --> 0:05:17.839 seven thousand years ago, where did we come from? Let's 0:05:17.839 --> 0:05:21.280 figure that out. And again, this was at a time 0:05:21.320 --> 0:05:25.279 when science was very much mishmashed with the superstition, I guess, 0:05:26.040 --> 0:05:29.080 so you could really get some play with the superstitious stuff. 0:05:29.080 --> 0:05:31.680 And that's exactly what Blovotski was doing. She was saying, 0:05:32.640 --> 0:05:35.800 check this out, this place called Lemuria. It's a lost continent. 0:05:35.920 --> 0:05:39.320 Everybody loves those, and it's where one of the three 0:05:39.560 --> 0:05:42.400 of seven root races came from. 0:05:42.600 --> 0:05:47.400 Yeah, the third root race, in which giant hermaphroditic egg 0:05:47.480 --> 0:05:54.160 laying humans pre sex organ humans lived along with the dinosaurs. 0:05:55.040 --> 0:05:57.240 And everyone was like, hey, sounds pretty good to me. 0:05:57.720 --> 0:05:59.320 Sounds good. Take my money. 0:05:59.640 --> 0:06:02.719 Yeah. So it made me wonder too if some of 0:06:02.760 --> 0:06:06.600 this obsession with where we came from too, because you know, 0:06:07.240 --> 0:06:09.719 we'll learn later. Other people talked about, you know, some 0:06:09.800 --> 0:06:12.919 of the original races, like with some of that rooted 0:06:13.000 --> 0:06:17.080 in things like you know, horrors to come like, we're 0:06:17.120 --> 0:06:19.919 the original people, so we're the ones who count. 0:06:20.560 --> 0:06:24.800 Yeah, I think it definitely was finds its roots in 0:06:24.839 --> 0:06:27.400 that era, that whole fascination at this time. 0:06:27.480 --> 0:06:28.839 Yes, okay, I thought so. 0:06:29.200 --> 0:06:31.440 And also there's something that comes up in another episode. 0:06:31.480 --> 0:06:35.479 We're going to talk about scientific romanticism, which I guess 0:06:35.480 --> 0:06:39.520 this is probably kind of an example of. But that's like, yeah, 0:06:39.600 --> 0:06:42.279 not only are we uncovering like this history in the 0:06:42.279 --> 0:06:46.400 deep past, we're uncovering my ethnicity's history in the deep past. 0:06:46.720 --> 0:06:50.560 And all we're gonna find is the most splendorous, spectacular 0:06:50.640 --> 0:06:53.919 examples of how we're actually the survivors of a lost 0:06:53.920 --> 0:06:58.239 civilization that was even grander than anything we can understand. Now, 0:06:58.520 --> 0:07:01.400 that's another thing that people were at the same time. 0:07:01.640 --> 0:07:03.920 So it's pop culture, but again it's kind of dressed 0:07:03.960 --> 0:07:06.919 up like it's following the same lines as science, but 0:07:06.960 --> 0:07:09.480 it's not really science. Fortunately, at the same time, there 0:07:09.520 --> 0:07:13.800 were like legitimate scientists working. It's just they were still 0:07:13.880 --> 0:07:17.520 following blind alleys to some way, which I just I 0:07:17.600 --> 0:07:21.000 want to press the pause button right here. I am 0:07:21.160 --> 0:07:24.800 in no way suggesting that science is done, like we've reached. 0:07:25.160 --> 0:07:28.400 Science is exactly perfect the way it is now. Yeah, 0:07:28.480 --> 0:07:32.200 there's still plenty of problems with it, There's still lots 0:07:32.280 --> 0:07:36.440 left to discover, and so by casting dispersions or shade 0:07:36.800 --> 0:07:39.240 at this kind of situation back in the mid to 0:07:39.320 --> 0:07:43.960 late nineteenth century, I'm not insinuating that our current reality 0:07:44.360 --> 0:07:48.000 is vastly superior and perfect. I'm just saying at this 0:07:48.200 --> 0:07:51.880 time there were big problems with science and pop culture meshing. 0:07:52.200 --> 0:07:55.640 Yeah, and I'm glad you said that, But you've been 0:07:55.760 --> 0:07:57.600 clear where you are on that through the years. 0:07:57.600 --> 0:08:00.480 I think, hey, we get new listeners every episode. 0:08:00.600 --> 0:08:02.600 Now, that's a good point, and that's a lot easier 0:08:02.600 --> 0:08:04.080 to say that than to say, go back and listen 0:08:04.120 --> 0:08:05.400 to sixteen years worth of. 0:08:05.400 --> 0:08:08.080 Stuff, right, or feel a bunch of angry emails? 0:08:08.560 --> 0:08:10.880 Yeah, we will never get those. After you said that 0:08:12.680 --> 0:08:18.320 so Lemiria was not something that Blovotsky created, Lomia has 0:08:18.400 --> 0:08:22.560 a well this will all tie into tectonic plates, believe 0:08:22.600 --> 0:08:24.720 it or not. Yeah, just wait, just wait. It really 0:08:24.760 --> 0:08:26.880 does in a very neat way spectacular. I love how 0:08:26.880 --> 0:08:31.239 you did this. But there was a British zoologist named Philip. 0:08:31.640 --> 0:08:35.200 I'm sorry, Philip. Philip is not a name that I 0:08:35.240 --> 0:08:35.520 know of. 0:08:38.640 --> 0:08:41.400 Phallic is in there, but who would name their kid Fallic. 0:08:41.440 --> 0:08:45.400 Not Phyllis or Gary Goldman, the Great Comedian has a 0:08:45.440 --> 0:08:48.000 great bit on Phyllis and that name being retired in 0:08:48.080 --> 0:08:50.480 nineteen thirty three by the government. 0:08:50.559 --> 0:08:53.240 Gary Goldman The Rock and Roll Part two, Guy. 0:08:53.200 --> 0:08:55.760 Gary Golman g U. L. M. A. N. The Great 0:08:56.160 --> 0:08:59.760 stand up Comedian, I got you anyway. Philip not Phyllis 0:09:00.080 --> 0:09:03.960 or Philic Sclatter or Sclater wrote an essay in eighteen 0:09:04.040 --> 0:09:08.040 sixty four called the Mammals of Madagascar. And this one 0:09:08.120 --> 0:09:10.920 is sort of kind of funny when you think about 0:09:11.760 --> 0:09:16.040 how Madagascar so clearly fits off of where it broke 0:09:16.080 --> 0:09:19.440 off from Africa. But Slater didn't see that at the time. 0:09:19.520 --> 0:09:22.959 He really wondered, like, hey, I'm looking at Madagascar. It's 0:09:23.040 --> 0:09:25.480 right off the just right off the coast of Africa there, 0:09:25.920 --> 0:09:28.400 and they have all these dozens of species of lemurs. 0:09:28.760 --> 0:09:32.040 Yet Africa and India don't only have a few species 0:09:32.040 --> 0:09:34.720 of lemur. He was wrong about that, even which isn't 0:09:34.720 --> 0:09:37.680 the point. They didn't have any true lemurs. But he 0:09:37.800 --> 0:09:40.679 was like, why is Madagascar just loaded with all these 0:09:40.760 --> 0:09:44.199 lemurs and Africa so close has none. And he says, 0:09:44.600 --> 0:09:47.600 here's what happened. There was a land bridge there and 0:09:47.640 --> 0:09:51.160 it was once, you know, all connected, and I'm going 0:09:51.200 --> 0:09:54.360 to call that big, you know, great continent lee Muria 0:09:54.559 --> 0:09:55.720 after the lemur. 0:09:56.160 --> 0:09:59.160 Yeah, he really liked leamers a lot. So this is 0:09:59.200 --> 0:10:02.360 a lost continent. It includes a land bridge. And what 0:10:02.440 --> 0:10:05.400 Sclater's doing here is what was kind of all the 0:10:05.400 --> 0:10:08.920 scientific rage. It was like, okay, again, like we came 0:10:09.080 --> 0:10:13.880 from apes, animals evolved from other animals. Let's take that 0:10:14.000 --> 0:10:17.040 new worldview and figure out how that works. And he 0:10:17.080 --> 0:10:21.880 couldn't figure out like how like similar species got it 0:10:21.880 --> 0:10:25.199 out there eventually mm hmm could be separated by hundreds 0:10:25.200 --> 0:10:29.280 of miles of water. The best explanation that he thought 0:10:29.360 --> 0:10:32.800 was a land bridge that's just currently inundated with water. 0:10:33.160 --> 0:10:34.920 And so, like you said, he came up with Lemuria 0:10:35.040 --> 0:10:39.400 and that got very quickly deposited into the pop culture, 0:10:39.440 --> 0:10:43.479 and people like Blovatsky and others were like, yep, Lamuria, 0:10:43.520 --> 0:10:45.760 and then let's add to it so we can get 0:10:45.800 --> 0:10:46.640 that goop money. 0:10:46.960 --> 0:10:50.960 Yeah, And land bridges were just land bridges were the thing, 0:10:51.160 --> 0:10:53.000 and here's the thing, and we'll, you know, we'll get 0:10:53.000 --> 0:10:54.760 to some more of this in a minute. But like 0:10:54.880 --> 0:10:58.000 they weren't totally off and all of this stuff. Like 0:10:58.000 --> 0:10:59.640 they were on the right track for some of it, 0:11:00.120 --> 0:11:03.040 some a little bit more than others. There was I 0:11:03.040 --> 0:11:05.720 think a German biologist that you track down named Ernst 0:11:06.400 --> 0:11:11.760 Heckel or Heckel, and he was like, hey, listen, Lemyria 0:11:12.080 --> 0:11:14.200 was not only a thing, but that's where we all 0:11:14.240 --> 0:11:16.880 came from. That was a cradle of humanity. There were 0:11:16.960 --> 0:11:20.760 twelve varieties of men. Here we go with that stuff again. Yeah, 0:11:20.800 --> 0:11:26.480 and we evolved from these ancient primates right there at 0:11:26.480 --> 0:11:29.120 this place that is now you know, partially underwater. 0:11:29.840 --> 0:11:34.640 Right. What's nuts about the whole thing, though, is that 0:11:34.640 --> 0:11:38.720 that actually has happened before. There actually is at least 0:11:38.760 --> 0:11:43.280 one and I'm sure there's plenty. It's not a lost continent, 0:11:43.320 --> 0:11:48.040 but a lost pretty decent sized bit of land, yeah, 0:11:48.200 --> 0:11:51.280 that is now covered by water that once held people 0:11:51.360 --> 0:11:56.720 who lived there, and it's called Doggerland. And it's just 0:11:56.760 --> 0:11:59.400 so nuts that, like these guys were off in their 0:11:59.400 --> 0:12:04.559 interpretation of what they were seeing to explain species divergence. 0:12:04.760 --> 0:12:09.240 And as we'll see, like fossil beds separated by an ocean, 0:12:09.280 --> 0:12:11.840 but they still kind of match up on one coast 0:12:11.880 --> 0:12:13.880 of Africa and one coast of South America, all these 0:12:13.920 --> 0:12:16.680 things are trying to put together. They were on the 0:12:16.720 --> 0:12:18.640 right track trying to explain it, but they were just 0:12:19.040 --> 0:12:21.800 awful little bit and yet at the same time they 0:12:21.840 --> 0:12:25.079 were explaining stuff that they didn't actually know really existed. 0:12:25.440 --> 0:12:28.640 But did Does that make sense in a really roundabout way? 0:12:28.760 --> 0:12:31.840 Yeah, for sure. And when something like Doggerland happens where 0:12:32.320 --> 0:12:35.000 you know, this was the land that was around basically 0:12:35.080 --> 0:12:38.559 what we now know is the UK and it connected 0:12:38.600 --> 0:12:42.280 to Europe. In nineteen thirty one, a fisherman pulled up 0:12:42.280 --> 0:12:45.719 a barbed antler point, part of a weapon, basically part 0:12:45.720 --> 0:12:48.800 of a harpoon that they were using twelve thousand years ago, 0:12:49.200 --> 0:12:51.920 buried in Pete. They're like, well, wait a minute, Pete 0:12:52.320 --> 0:12:54.800 isn't in the ocean. Pete's in the forest. Why would 0:12:54.800 --> 0:12:57.520 it be twenty five miles out into the ocean. And 0:12:57.559 --> 0:12:59.520 then they started poking around more and more in the 0:12:59.559 --> 0:13:02.760 decades and they're like, oh, well this used to all 0:13:02.840 --> 0:13:06.480 be land, and beneath the North Sea are canoes and 0:13:06.480 --> 0:13:09.480 burial sites and all kinds of other things that we 0:13:09.520 --> 0:13:12.480 can point to. Is like pretty good proof that, yeah, 0:13:12.920 --> 0:13:15.920 this happens. There is land that used to be here 0:13:15.960 --> 0:13:17.880 that is now beneath the sea at different places on 0:13:17.960 --> 0:13:18.600 planet Earth. 0:13:19.120 --> 0:13:21.360 And I mean like a lot of land. This land 0:13:21.440 --> 0:13:24.200 stretched out from all points that surrounded the UK and 0:13:24.440 --> 0:13:28.959 stretched toward Europe, from southern Scandinavia to Brittany and France. 0:13:29.320 --> 0:13:32.520 It was just connected and there were river beds and 0:13:32.760 --> 0:13:35.120 all sorts of animals to hunt. It was just really cool. 0:13:35.160 --> 0:13:37.520 And then over time, as the sea levels rose, it 0:13:37.600 --> 0:13:40.000 became inundated, and then there was a landslide and under 0:13:40.000 --> 0:13:43.040 sea landslide that really inundated it, and it was just 0:13:43.120 --> 0:13:45.520 lost to history because the people running around there were 0:13:45.600 --> 0:13:48.520 running around there, you know, no less than five thousand 0:13:48.600 --> 0:13:53.120 years ago, maybe seven, so everyone forgot about it. But 0:13:53.160 --> 0:13:56.520 one of the noteworthy things that I found just completely 0:13:56.520 --> 0:14:01.079 fascinating is HG. Wells show off that he was set 0:14:01.160 --> 0:14:03.560 an eighteen ninety seven book called The Story of the 0:14:03.600 --> 0:14:07.079 Stone Age in exactly that place. He didn't call it 0:14:07.160 --> 0:14:11.240 daughter Land, but he set his story in this land 0:14:11.559 --> 0:14:14.120 that was now covered by water between the UK and Europe. 0:14:14.640 --> 0:14:17.680 And it turned out about three or so decades later 0:14:17.720 --> 0:14:19.560 that he was confirmed H. G. 0:14:19.720 --> 0:14:21.520 Wells was a special human. 0:14:22.200 --> 0:14:25.560 Yeah, pretty cool. So he actually managed to combine the 0:14:25.640 --> 0:14:32.120 science and the speculation speculativeness of the age. But he 0:14:32.200 --> 0:14:34.480 was never trying to say like, this is real, this 0:14:34.560 --> 0:14:36.640 is a real book. He was like, this is fiction. 0:14:36.760 --> 0:14:37.320 It's awesome. 0:14:37.840 --> 0:14:38.040 Yeah. 0:14:38.080 --> 0:14:38.840 I like him for that. 0:14:39.040 --> 0:14:44.720 Didn't he write Didn't he write the original Invisible Man book? 0:14:46.560 --> 0:14:47.000 I think so? 0:14:47.560 --> 0:14:49.800 Yeah. I watched the I've been trying to watch some 0:14:49.840 --> 0:14:52.240 scary movies in October and now in a November a bit, 0:14:52.680 --> 0:14:56.040 and I watched that Invisible Man update from a few 0:14:56.160 --> 0:14:58.840 years ago with Elizabeth Moss that I had never seen before. 0:14:59.800 --> 0:15:04.840 You No, it's good, okay, and it's you know, it's 0:15:04.840 --> 0:15:06.880 not the same story h. G. Wells put forward, but 0:15:07.480 --> 0:15:10.480 it's it's you know, it's based sort of adapted from 0:15:10.520 --> 0:15:13.720 that story. And it's actually really good and quite scary 0:15:13.760 --> 0:15:14.680 and has a great ending. 0:15:15.280 --> 0:15:16.240 Okay, good to know. 0:15:16.480 --> 0:15:17.520 So I recommend it. 0:15:18.080 --> 0:15:22.239 Did you ever get around to watching the Juwan origins miniseries? 0:15:22.680 --> 0:15:24.760 Now you gotta email me this stuff. I don't remember 0:15:24.800 --> 0:15:26.800 anything after I leave the studio. Scary. 0:15:26.920 --> 0:15:31.120 So you know the Grudge that Sarah Michelle Geller was 0:15:31.120 --> 0:15:32.360 in in the nineties. 0:15:32.040 --> 0:15:35.320 Sure it was based on Well I know the movie 0:15:35.320 --> 0:15:37.320 and I know it was based on an original Japanese 0:15:37.360 --> 0:15:37.880 film right. 0:15:38.160 --> 0:15:40.800 Right called Juwan, and so somebody went back and made 0:15:40.920 --> 0:15:44.280 a prequel to the Japanese version. Oh okay, that explains 0:15:44.320 --> 0:15:50.600 how everything got that way. Yes, it is so scary that, like, 0:15:51.080 --> 0:15:55.200 I will leave the light on from you know, the 0:15:55.240 --> 0:15:58.440 family room to the bedroom as I'm going to bed 0:15:58.680 --> 0:16:01.360 and then turn it off remotely. I just won't turn 0:16:01.400 --> 0:16:03.360 it off and walk through the dark. It is that scary. 0:16:03.360 --> 0:16:03.920 It's awesome. 0:16:04.240 --> 0:16:06.640 Yeah, I didn't watch as many this year because the 0:16:06.680 --> 0:16:09.200 movie crushesn't around. I used to like really heavily watch 0:16:09.240 --> 0:16:11.520 a lot of horror movies in October, but only caught 0:16:11.520 --> 0:16:14.040 a few this year. And uh, I still I enjoy 0:16:14.080 --> 0:16:16.320 being scared like that and being in another part of 0:16:16.320 --> 0:16:18.160 your house and having to navigate your way back in 0:16:18.200 --> 0:16:22.160 the dark, Even in my fifties, it's always scary and 0:16:22.240 --> 0:16:24.920 kind of funny. Like, of course, I know that the 0:16:24.960 --> 0:16:27.160 supernatural being from the movie I just watched isn't in 0:16:27.200 --> 0:16:29.000 this all way, but but do I. 0:16:29.000 --> 0:16:31.560 Really could be exactly? I know? 0:16:31.920 --> 0:16:35.600 All right, Uh, off topic, let's take a break a sure, 0:16:35.680 --> 0:16:37.040 let's and we'll be right back. 0:16:37.280 --> 0:16:43.200 Definitely should large holds. 0:16:42.920 --> 0:16:45.880 Of chucking r y s k. 0:16:48.840 --> 0:16:51.080 I want to learn about a terror's hortan college, horrid actyle, 0:16:51.120 --> 0:16:53.720 how to take a berg, all about fractal think is gone, 0:16:53.720 --> 0:16:57.280 that's a little hunt, the Lizzie Border murders, and all right, everything, 0:16:58.840 --> 0:17:00.160 and jo should. 0:17:02.000 --> 0:17:06.560 Now word up Jerry. All right. So when we broke 0:17:06.840 --> 0:17:08.920 actually we were talking about horror movies. But a little 0:17:08.920 --> 0:17:13.000 bit before that, I was talking some about how it's 0:17:13.040 --> 0:17:16.080 a little frust not frustrating, but maybe kind of funny 0:17:16.520 --> 0:17:19.960 that they didn't put together that Madagascar so clearly broke 0:17:20.040 --> 0:17:23.119 off from Africa and fits very nicely if you just 0:17:23.119 --> 0:17:25.960 shove it back together right there in its spot. And 0:17:26.200 --> 0:17:29.439 as I was studying today, I have my light up 0:17:29.480 --> 0:17:32.520 globe on my desk, and you know, when you look 0:17:32.560 --> 0:17:36.560 at that thing, my my medium smart eight year old 0:17:36.640 --> 0:17:40.199 daughter can say, hey, Daddy, you know, it looks like 0:17:40.280 --> 0:17:43.480 Africa could fit into South America, and it looks like 0:17:43.520 --> 0:17:46.560 all of these things sort of could be puzzled together 0:17:47.000 --> 0:17:52.280 to form a larger super continents. A medium smart but 0:17:52.320 --> 0:17:53.640 she knows the word super continent. 0:17:54.000 --> 0:17:55.000 That's pretty smart. 0:17:55.119 --> 0:17:57.679 But it's pretty it seems pretty obvious to us now. 0:17:58.720 --> 0:18:02.320 But it was all about land bridges back then and 0:18:02.359 --> 0:18:04.720 sort of this idea of super continent came about a 0:18:04.760 --> 0:18:05.439 little slower. 0:18:06.119 --> 0:18:09.480 Yeah, because if you stand on any continent and just 0:18:09.800 --> 0:18:13.360 stand around and wait, you will not perceive that you're 0:18:13.359 --> 0:18:17.199 moving even though you are moving. So they were not 0:18:17.960 --> 0:18:22.520 aware of the fact that the continents moved, and so 0:18:22.600 --> 0:18:24.320 of course that wasn't what they went with. They went 0:18:24.320 --> 0:18:27.120 with land bridges. Again, it's a very sensible explanation. How 0:18:27.119 --> 0:18:29.560 did one thing get to another when it's covered by oceans. Well, 0:18:29.800 --> 0:18:31.840 that there was land that used to be above the 0:18:31.840 --> 0:18:34.640 ocean and they just migrated across. It's happened before. There's 0:18:34.720 --> 0:18:37.160 dogger land, there's the bearing land bridge, all that stuff. 0:18:37.680 --> 0:18:41.159 But the idea that the continents moved, that just was 0:18:41.240 --> 0:18:45.080 not around until another guy came along, who will talk 0:18:45.080 --> 0:18:48.320 about in a second. But there was like little inklings 0:18:48.560 --> 0:18:52.399 of this idea that that just weren't There was like 0:18:52.680 --> 0:18:55.159 a light bulb that was just about to come on, 0:18:55.280 --> 0:18:57.679 but it just burns out right before, right before it 0:18:57.720 --> 0:19:00.480 fully comes on. That's kind of what was happening with 0:19:00.600 --> 0:19:03.439 the idea that the continent's moved. And again, just to 0:19:03.480 --> 0:19:06.399 reiterate the whole reason people are thinking about this stuff 0:19:06.840 --> 0:19:11.320 is because fossil beds suddenly take on new meaning. If 0:19:11.440 --> 0:19:17.639 evolution and natural selection exists, climatological evidence suddenly takes on 0:19:17.720 --> 0:19:22.320 new meaning. Why species are similar but separated from one 0:19:22.359 --> 0:19:25.000 continent to another, it takes on significance. And so they're 0:19:25.040 --> 0:19:28.480 looking around their world with brand new fresh eyes and 0:19:28.560 --> 0:19:31.199 trying to answer these questions. And they were coming up 0:19:31.240 --> 0:19:34.560 with all these different meta narratives and on the way 0:19:34.680 --> 0:19:37.760 to the idea that we have now that the continents 0:19:37.800 --> 0:19:41.080 actually move and they actually formed one large super continent 0:19:41.080 --> 0:19:42.919 in the past. Like I was saying, there were a 0:19:42.960 --> 0:19:45.399 few people who came along and almost had it. 0:19:45.840 --> 0:19:50.440 Yeah, the idea of continental contraction was one pretty good 0:19:50.480 --> 0:19:55.920 idea and an alternate theory, you know, pre tectonic plate shifts, 0:19:56.359 --> 0:20:00.760 and that is that the Earth was a huge magma ball, 0:20:00.880 --> 0:20:04.800 which is true, and that as that thing cooled down 0:20:04.840 --> 0:20:08.440 over time, the land that it formed trunk basically as 0:20:08.760 --> 0:20:12.119 things might do when they cool, and the continents broke apart. 0:20:12.320 --> 0:20:15.680 So that was that was really headed toward the right 0:20:15.760 --> 0:20:20.639 idea until the end, basically for sure. Another thing that 0:20:20.680 --> 0:20:23.840 they had trouble kind of explaining were things like mountains, 0:20:24.520 --> 0:20:26.080 Like I kind of hitt it around the beginning. One 0:20:26.080 --> 0:20:28.520 of us will be a mountain range. They did have 0:20:28.600 --> 0:20:31.119 theories that parts of the Earth were, you know, breaking 0:20:31.119 --> 0:20:33.760 off from one another and could go underneath other parts, 0:20:34.160 --> 0:20:38.960 but they just hadn't quite arrived there until Alfred Wegner 0:20:39.080 --> 0:20:42.560 came along in nineteen twelve and published a book called 0:20:42.560 --> 0:20:46.160 The Origin of Continents and Oceans where he was kind 0:20:46.160 --> 0:20:49.000 of like, hey, wait a minute, everyone, this looks like 0:20:49.040 --> 0:20:50.959 a giant puzzle if you stand back and look at 0:20:50.960 --> 0:20:53.440 a map and you're just not standing back far enough, like, 0:20:53.480 --> 0:20:54.960 get get over on the other side of the room. 0:20:55.240 --> 0:20:58.080 And then everyone did, and they go, oh wow, and 0:20:58.359 --> 0:21:00.720 this helps explain things like you were talking about why 0:21:01.520 --> 0:21:04.240 the coast of Africa and the coast of Brazil might 0:21:04.320 --> 0:21:07.719 share fossils even though they're separated by such a vast ocean. 0:21:08.160 --> 0:21:11.440 Yeah, or share species are all sorts of different explanations. 0:21:11.680 --> 0:21:15.040 It would go on to become considered a theory of 0:21:15.080 --> 0:21:18.680 everything for geology, for earth science, in much the same 0:21:18.680 --> 0:21:21.680 way that our understanding of the atom is like explains 0:21:21.800 --> 0:21:25.479 you know, quantum mechanics or vice versa. It was a 0:21:25.520 --> 0:21:28.080 really big deal that he came up with this, but 0:21:28.200 --> 0:21:31.040 it was not well received at first, as we'll see, 0:21:31.040 --> 0:21:34.040 like he was not considered a genius in his time. 0:21:34.440 --> 0:21:40.000 People ridicule them essentially, and his whole idea was very 0:21:40.080 --> 0:21:43.960 quickly forgotten for several decades until he was pretty much 0:21:44.000 --> 0:21:46.720 proven right. But in that book, The Origin of the 0:21:46.720 --> 0:21:51.480 Continents and Oceans, he's saying, not only did the continents 0:21:51.520 --> 0:21:53.960 move apart, because they used to form this super continent 0:21:54.000 --> 0:21:59.840 called Pangaea, all the land they're still moving around today. 0:22:00.359 --> 0:22:00.760 Yeah. 0:22:00.800 --> 0:22:04.159 All the Victorians and I'm sorry these would be Edwardians. 0:22:04.200 --> 0:22:08.000 Maybe we're like, nah, I've stood still for like an 0:22:08.040 --> 0:22:10.320 hour at a stretch and I could not tell we 0:22:10.359 --> 0:22:12.520 were moving, So we're not moving. And he's like, no, really, 0:22:12.560 --> 0:22:16.480