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Speaker 1: Now here's a highlight from Coast to Coast AM on iHeartRadio. Okay,

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Speaker 1: welcome back to Coast to Coast Bob Berman with us. Bob,

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Speaker 1: of course, is one of the country's top astronomy writers.

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Speaker 1: Is the author of Zoom and the Sun's Heartbeat. He

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Speaker 1: has contributed to the very popular night Watchman column for

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Speaker 1: Discover for a number of years, and currently a columnist

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Speaker 1: for Astronomy, a host of the Northeast Public Radio, and

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Speaker 1: a science editor of The Old Farmers Almanac. His latest

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Speaker 1: work is called earth Shattering. Bob, welcome back, looking forward

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Speaker 1: to this. Thanks great to be here. And how have

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Speaker 1: you been. Oh, I've been fine. Everything's good up here

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Speaker 1: in the mountains. Great. It's like spring might finally be

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Speaker 1: coming soon. And that's enough. That's all we need. We

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Speaker 1: got President Trump to sign an executive order yesterday immediately

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Speaker 1: asking for a study of electronic pulse attacks or solar flares. Well,

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Speaker 1: that's good. I think we've talked about those as the

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Speaker 1: solar flares that could really do us in. So good,

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Speaker 1: that's something's being done. That's right. Now. Tell us a

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Speaker 1: little bit about earth shattering. Well, this is uh, yeah,

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Speaker 1: the idea here is I've noticed that people are are

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Speaker 1: are more concerned about something violent happening to our world,

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Speaker 1: maybe the poles flipping colliding with another planet. Some even

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Speaker 1: think that another planet named Nibberu, which is actually make

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Speaker 1: believe that they think that's that's on its way to

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Speaker 1: a collision course and and over the years, it looks

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Speaker 1: like people are far more interested in this than than

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Speaker 1: in the more realistic threat to their lives, which probably

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Speaker 1: involved them smoking when they shouldn't be, or or or

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Speaker 1: their high cholesterol or something like that. So figure out, Hey,

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Speaker 1: let's let's let's monetize it. Let's let's let's let's let's

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Speaker 1: really talk about the about what has happened we're in

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Speaker 1: a realistic fashion, may happen again. Are they out of

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Speaker 1: our control? These events by and large, yes, yeah, there's

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Speaker 1: only a few, very few that are within our control.

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Speaker 1: And is it a matter of not if but when yes,

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Speaker 1: given enough time, that's right. There there are things that

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Speaker 1: will happen sooner around than later. And then there are

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Speaker 1: the worst things that will happen more certainly, but later

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Speaker 1: rather than sooner. Bob, Let's let's go back to four

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Speaker 1: and a half billion years ago, when good old planet

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Speaker 1: Earth started to get formed. Kind of take us through

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Speaker 1: that process and then some of the calamities that have

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Speaker 1: happened to our planet. Yeah. Then probably the very, very

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Speaker 1: biggest was simply the formation of the Moon. Had it

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Speaker 1: not been for that, we would have formed in a

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Speaker 1: much more calm way. But this was a big one

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Speaker 1: because we collided. Essentially, we collided with the planet Mars.

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Speaker 1: What's the planet Mars, but it might as well have been.

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Speaker 1: It was something of the same size, four thousand miles

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Speaker 1: in diameter head on collision, and that almost did us in.

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Speaker 1: I mean that destroyed the entire crust of the Earth

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Speaker 1: where all life lives, and the mantle of the Earth

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Speaker 1: underneath that. Boy, we almost didn't survive that. And the

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Speaker 1: thing we collided with did not survive that. We now

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Speaker 1: call it Fayet. We've given it a name posthumously, so

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Speaker 1: in its depth it has its name. So we have

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Speaker 1: Fayet collided and for somewhere between a month and the century,

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Speaker 1: I'm not sure, there was a lot of molten, white

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Speaker 1: hot material of what was left of Earth which was

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Speaker 1: flung into space. Some of it settled back down and

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Speaker 1: is in the core of the Earth now. A combination

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Speaker 1: of us in what time period are we talking about about?

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Speaker 1: A little over four billion years? Okay, so relatively new

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Speaker 1: in the formation of the Solar System. Well, the Sun

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Speaker 1: and the times formed four and a half billion years ago,

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Speaker 1: so this is four billion, So oh well, what's another

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Speaker 1: half a billion? Right? Right? Right? Right? So this all

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Speaker 1: of this white hot material, what was left of Earth

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Speaker 1: and the debris from Faya, what didn't sink into the

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Speaker 1: molten Earth orbited, it sorted, was flowing into space, coalesced,

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Speaker 1: stuck together, and sometimes within a month in a century,

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Speaker 1: we had our moon, which at first was just a

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Speaker 1: mess but settled down to be the moon today. How

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Speaker 1: important is the moon to us right now? Oh? It

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Speaker 1: really is because having a big stabilizing body like that,

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Speaker 1: it's the biggest moon in the Solar System relative to

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Speaker 1: the size of the planet stabilize as us. So that

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Speaker 1: our tilt, you know, our axis of rotation is tilted

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Speaker 1: twenty three and a half degrees. But the thing is

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Speaker 1: it would keep changing till already does. Our tilt goes

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Speaker 1: from about twenty two to twenty four degrees, which isn't much,

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Speaker 1: which is which is actually great, But any planet without

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Speaker 1: a big moon. They're tilled over time, over long time,

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Speaker 1: but over time we're talking about hundreds of thousands of

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Speaker 1: years to millions of years. The tilt goes crazy, goes

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Speaker 1: sideways to the Sun, and then sometimes it's up and

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Speaker 1: down to the sun meeting. There's no seasons at all.

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Speaker 1: So if we were to go from extreme where we'd

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Speaker 1: have too much heat, where nothing could live, to where

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Speaker 1: we'd have no seasons at all, where most creatures need seasons,

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Speaker 1: not all, but many. And so that would be our

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Speaker 1: situation if we didn't have the moon. Now, what are

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Speaker 1: the odds of that happening? I mean the fact that

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Speaker 1: we need the moon for stability and we have it.

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Speaker 1: I mean, was that by design? I need? You know, George,

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Speaker 1: you're opening up that old of was it all accidental

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Speaker 1: or was it not? And you'd think that all scientists

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Speaker 1: believe that it's all just like, oh, it's just accidental,

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Speaker 1: but a surprising number believe in God. But that's the boat.

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Speaker 1: Let's see the door we're going through when you say

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Speaker 1: is an accidental But the truth is we do have

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Speaker 1: a universe that's amazingly friendly to life, not just earth,

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Speaker 1: that we do have a moon, but we also have

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Speaker 1: this giant planet Jupiter just where it is blocks us

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Speaker 1: from getting hit by too many incoming asteroids and comments

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Speaker 1: and things. And we have a universe where all of

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Speaker 1: the forces that are called constants, meaning the force of gravity,

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Speaker 1: the strength of the electromagnetic force called alpha, which works

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Speaker 1: in atoms, and in fact in atoms. Also there is

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Speaker 1: the strong force and the weak force. The strong force

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Speaker 1: keeps protons and neutrons and atoms. All of that is

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Speaker 1: just what it has to be in order for there

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Speaker 1: to be life. And the sun and star is shining,

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Speaker 1: which we need for warmth, and so the universe as

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Speaker 1: it is, which is friendly, the life would not work.

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Speaker 1: There could not be life, There could not be star shining.

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Speaker 1: There could not be atoms other than hydrogen, which wouldn't

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Speaker 1: give you anything, any life at all if any of

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Speaker 1: these forces there are about two hundred of them, the

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Speaker 1: constants that make up physics and nature, if they were

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Speaker 1: one percent different. So there is a big argument why

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Speaker 1: do we live in such a life friendly universe? And

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Speaker 1: some physinessists say that's so weird. There has to be

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Speaker 1: an explanation. Others would say, well, you know, speaking religiously

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Speaker 1: or spiritually, that it was designed for life, and even

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Speaker 1: scientists who apeists say it looks like it was designed

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Speaker 1: for life the universe because it is like, that's right

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Speaker 1: in all these ways. So you bring up a good point.

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Speaker 1: The cataclysms that have hit Earth have been how many

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Speaker 1: and how close did they come to mass extinction? Oh,

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Speaker 1: there were mass extinctions. They didn't just come close. There

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Speaker 1: were five mass extinctions over over periods of time. Some

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Speaker 1: say that we're in a sixth now and some say

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Speaker 1: we're not in a sixth We can you talk about

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Speaker 1: that if you like, well, to me, for sure, to me,

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Speaker 1: mass extinction is total wipeout. So obviously that didn't happen.

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Speaker 1: That's right, that's right, that's right. And I'm of that

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Speaker 1: school too that says we're not in that right now.

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Speaker 1: I mean, species are dying out at a rate than

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Speaker 1: than than than normal. Only three percent of the earth

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Speaker 1: right now, By the way, three percent of the animals

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Speaker 1: are wild animals, and it wasn't that long ago that

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Speaker 1: most creatures were wild animals. Probably you could even say

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Speaker 1: ourselves as well a foot four yeah, yeah, so that's

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Speaker 1: you know, I mean, certainly Earth has changed, and if

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Speaker 1: we keep going and removing the places where animals could

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Speaker 1: live and all the rest of it, we could create

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Speaker 1: a mass extinction. Some say we're already in it, but

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Speaker 1: they certainly have been five in the past, and the

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Speaker 1: first four hundred forty four million years ago and the

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Speaker 1: eighty six percent, that's a lot percent of all the

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Speaker 1: creatures on Earth died, and since then we've had them.

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Speaker 1: You know, you want to look for a pattern. But

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Speaker 1: when you look at when they happened four hundred forty

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Speaker 1: four million years ago, three hundred and seventy five million

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Speaker 1: years ago, two hundred fifty two million years ago, that

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Speaker 1: was the worst. That was by far the worse two

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Speaker 1: hundred million years ago and sixty six million years ago.

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Speaker 1: So you want to say, is there a period of

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Speaker 1: an even time period in between them showing that they

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Speaker 1: are they repeat because maybe maybe we really live in

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Speaker 1: a double star system and our companion comes close to

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Speaker 1: us every seventy million years or so, and when it does,

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Speaker 1: the gravity from that throws all these distant bodies that

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Speaker 1: are out in the orc cloud that we know exists

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Speaker 1: like a sphere, like a halo around in our solar system,

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Speaker 1: and some of them are hurled in our direction and

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Speaker 1: then we get another mass extinction. But no, no, no,

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Speaker 1: there's no when you when you look at those periods

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Speaker 1: of time, there's no number that divides into it. So

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Speaker 1: it looks like they're just random. Now, this cataclysm of

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Speaker 1: this collision that occurred four billion years ago between two objects,

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Speaker 1: what happened to the other one? There's no trace of it,

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Speaker 1: which is weird. It is weird. Yeah, yeah, that's that's

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Speaker 1: that's a real puzzle because but we're convinced they collided.

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Speaker 1: Something collided. Yeah, you know why, because all the math

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Speaker 1: and the physics works for the Moon being born in

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Speaker 1: that fashion. Every everything else works fine, except that if

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Speaker 1: the Moon is a combination of us and something else,

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Speaker 1: then it's rocks and it's soil called reguli should contain

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Speaker 1: a combination of earthly stuff and thea stuff. But now

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Speaker 1: that we have samples eight hundred and thirty two pounds

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Speaker 1: brought back by the all the Apollo astronauts, a few

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Speaker 1: ounces brought back of the Russians, Um, it doesn't. I mean,

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Speaker 1: all the moon material is just like Earth material. And

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Speaker 1: we're talking about the those those who remember this from physics,

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Speaker 1: the oxygen isotope ratio of stuff on the Moon is earthly,

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Speaker 1: it's not, it's not alien. That's a puzzle. Are familiar

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Speaker 1: with the work of the late Zachariah Sitchen, Okay, I'm

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Speaker 1: going to read something for you. He was a expert

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Speaker 1: in Sumerian cosmology, and let me just read a couple

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Speaker 1: little paragraphs here for you. Then I want to get

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Speaker 1: your reaction to this. Through Sitchen studies of Sumerian cosmology.

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Speaker 1: He believes, and he's dead now, but he believes there's

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Speaker 1: an undiscovered planet which follows a long elliptical orbit, reaching

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Speaker 1: the Inner Solar System roughly thirty six hundred years. This

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Speaker 1: planet is called Nibiro. Sitchen claims that one of Nibiro's

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Speaker 1: moons struck Tiamat, breaking her into two separate pieces. On

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Speaker 1: a second pass it, Nibro, an enormous cosmic entity, struck

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Speaker 1: Tiamat as well, smashing half of the planet into pieces,

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Speaker 1: which became what the Sumerians called Great Band, the asteroid

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Speaker 1: belt that resides two hundred and five to three hundred

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Speaker 1: million miles from the Sun. The second half, being struck

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Speaker 1: again by one of the moons, was pushed into a

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Speaker 1: new orbit and created what we now know as Earth

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Speaker 1: and this event was to have happened four point five

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Speaker 1: billion years ago. Now this is a guy who did

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Speaker 1: this research merely from old Samarian text. It's amazing, isn't it. Well, yes,

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Speaker 1: I'd want to see more before I say it's amazing.

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Speaker 1: But nothing that you said just now, I could say

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Speaker 1: that physics disproves it disproves it. That's right, So it

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Speaker 1: could be real, could be real. I mean, a giant

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Speaker 1: object that visited us or came close every thirty six

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Speaker 1: hundred years. That's an awfully short time period. And you know,

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Speaker 1: we've got pretty good telescopes and we're watching and watching.

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Speaker 1: There's no trace of Nimberu or however we pronounce. If

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Speaker 1: there's no this is what they call that near you

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Speaker 1: You kept talking about how would hit things, but it

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Speaker 1: would also affect them certainly, right, thing that came near,

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Speaker 1: and we'd have we'd have orbits of planets that were

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Speaker 1: that showed traces of being nudged and pushed gravitationally by

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Speaker 1: these visits every thirty six hundred years, and said, we

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Speaker 1: have things like Venus, the nearest planet to us, which

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Speaker 1: has the roundest or a bit George, the rounds is

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Speaker 1: so perfectly round. But the circularity is it's like James

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Speaker 1: Potton double seven zero point zero zero seven. It's a

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Speaker 1: circularity means that if you looked at the orbit from space,

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Speaker 1: you couldn't tell it was out of round, no matter

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Speaker 1: how hard you stared. And that's not what you get

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Speaker 1: if you have something coming nearby. Periodically listen to more

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Speaker 1: Coast to Coast AM every weeknight at one am Eastern

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Speaker 1: and go to Coast to Coast am dot com so

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Speaker 1: there