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Speaker 1: From Mediator's World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is

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Speaker 1: Cal's we Can review, presented by Steel Steel products are

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Speaker 1: available only at authorized dealers. For more, go to Steel

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Speaker 1: Dealers dot com. Now Here's your host, Ryan cal Callahan.

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Speaker 1: Wolf pups have been confirmed in the state of Colorado.

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Speaker 1: Colorado Parks and Wildlife staff have reported three separate sightings

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Speaker 1: of wolves with pups between June four and June eight

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Speaker 1: spring season. Colorado is now home to our first wolf

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Speaker 1: litter since the nineteen forties. We welcome this historic dan

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Speaker 1: and the new wolf family to Colorado with voter passage

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Speaker 1: last year of the initiative to require reintroduction of the

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Speaker 1: wolf by the end of these pups will have plenty

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Speaker 1: of potential mates when they grow up to start their

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Speaker 1: own families, said Governor Jared Polos. Quick aside here and

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Speaker 1: I hate to do this so early in the episode,

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Speaker 1: but a Governor Polis would have taken the disney out

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Speaker 1: of his statement, I would have found it much more palatable.

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Speaker 1: Just substitute the words breeding pair for family. Is you

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Speaker 1: know more or less what I'm looking for? You'll you'll

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Speaker 1: look gorge Why invite the messy definition of family into

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Speaker 1: this scenario when in the state of Colorado, you already

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Speaker 1: are dealing with the fact that you let a citizens

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Speaker 1: initiative determine that you need to reintroduce wolves into a

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Speaker 1: state that already has wolves, and as confirmed this June,

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Speaker 1: those wolves are reproducing. That question reproduce or reintroduce is

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Speaker 1: near the heart of the evolving wolf conflict in Colorado.

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Speaker 1: Wolves moving into Colorado from neighboring states would allow not

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Speaker 1: only the ranch communities that will have to tolerate livestock

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Speaker 1: losses to predation to gradually become accustomed to dealing with wolves,

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Speaker 1: but the wild ungulate populations of moose and mule deer

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Speaker 1: to do so as well, a gradual process. Reintroduction advocates

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Speaker 1: believe that although wolves showed up naturally in Colorado and

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Speaker 1: are now breeding and reproducing naturally in Colorado, the likelihood

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Speaker 1: of a genetically viable population of Colorado wolves, as in

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Speaker 1: a diverse enough number of nonrelated adults mixing up the

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Speaker 1: gene pool, would take much too long and possibly not

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Speaker 1: happen at all. Not happen at all is for the record.

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Speaker 1: What folks thought about the odds were of a wolf

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Speaker 1: walking through wyoming into Colorado. That's actually hilarious. All right,

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna stop here. This bit of wolf news reporting

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Speaker 1: is getting far too biased by me. I apologize for that.

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Speaker 1: We're gonna stock this article up to opinion. It frustrates

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Speaker 1: me that members of the conservation community get so wrapped

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Speaker 1: up in helping wildlife that they then have to turn

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Speaker 1: a blind eye to wildlife when it helps itself. I

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Speaker 1: often feel we just don't have the patients to let

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Speaker 1: nature do its thing. Although gray wolves are not federally endangered,

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Speaker 1: they are listed as endangered in the state of Colorado.

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Speaker 1: If you are a coyote hunter, you had better know

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Speaker 1: exactly what you're shooting at. It would be possible to

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Speaker 1: mistake a young wolf for an adult coyote, and that

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Speaker 1: mistake could cost you up to one hundred thousand dollars.

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Speaker 1: This week, we've got mosquitoes, trees, coyotes, and so much more.

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Speaker 1: But first I'm gonna tell you about my week, and

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Speaker 1: my week as well as This podcast is, as you know,

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Speaker 1: brought to you by Steel Power Equipment, whom I have

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Speaker 1: been traveling with through southern Oregon. In northern California. Steel

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Speaker 1: is working with state parks in Bull States to plant

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Speaker 1: two thousand and twenty one trees in an effort to

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Speaker 1: jump start reforestation and areas hit by hot, slow moving

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Speaker 1: fires sometimes called catastrophe wildfires. These areas would eventually reforest themselves,

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Speaker 1: but the near and short term effects could be harmful

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Speaker 1: to sensitive species. For instance, on the Oregon side, there

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Speaker 1: are two endangered sucker species and the highly prized red

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Speaker 1: band rainbow trout, which grows beyond thirty inches in length

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Speaker 1: in an area that was severely hit by fire. Without

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Speaker 1: healthy roots systems holding back soil, more of that soil

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Speaker 1: will end up in spawning areas, potentially suffocating eggs laid

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Speaker 1: in the gravel below. Getting taller growing trees started early

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Speaker 1: will also help to reduce the fuel build up from

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Speaker 1: low lying brush, including noxious weeds and invasive species by

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Speaker 1: blocking sun at the ground level. On top of that,

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Speaker 1: we'll be able to get the right type of habitat

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Speaker 1: in place for bears, black tail, deer, elk, and raptors,

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Speaker 1: among others. Now, if you remember, just back a little

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Speaker 1: beat when I made the comment about people not being

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Speaker 1: patient enough to let nature do its thing, well, here's

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Speaker 1: an there. For instance, on the California side of the

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Speaker 1: Oraville State Recreation Area, which happens to butt up against

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Speaker 1: several major housing developments. The bear fire came incredibly close

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Speaker 1: to those houses, which was carried by high winds. The

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Speaker 1: fire jumped thirteen miles in an hour, and amazingly was

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Speaker 1: slowed in part by the good fire management of the

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Speaker 1: State wreck Area which is surrounding the Oraville Reservoir. Due

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Speaker 1: to the amount of standing dead timber that is there

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Speaker 1: now and the natural progression of a build up of

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Speaker 1: underbrush before the mature trees begin to take over, the

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Speaker 1: state foresters estimate that it will take two thousand years

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Speaker 1: for the state forest to restore itself to its pre

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Speaker 1: catastrophic fire state, which is totally fine until you factor

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Speaker 1: in the housing developments and the drought, and the progressive

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Speaker 1: nature of climate change, and the known fact that that

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Speaker 1: state forest did do a good job of slowing that

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Speaker 1: fire down to where it could be contained before it

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Speaker 1: burned the houses. All that has pointed to a need

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Speaker 1: for some human interference to go in reduce fuels now

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Speaker 1: and replant trees. That's a real, real quick and dirty

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Speaker 1: on forest management. It's a real fun job to be

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Speaker 1: able to travel around and check this stuff out. Quick note,

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Speaker 1: if you are ever in the Oreville, California area and

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Speaker 1: need a bite to eat, check out the wagon wheel.

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Speaker 1: Those folks are doing everything from scratch sausages, try it tips,

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Speaker 1: smoked meats, ribs, salads, and their hunters and even process

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Speaker 1: wild game. There highly recommend another thing. Thank you to

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Speaker 1: the folks from Oregon State Parks, Oregon Fish and Wildlife,

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Speaker 1: and California State Parks for letting me tag along and

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Speaker 1: seeing what everybody's got going on in those places. Moving

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Speaker 1: on got a lot to cover. Tens of thousands of

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Speaker 1: genetically modified death mosquitoes are now being released in six

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Speaker 1: locations across the Florida Keys. This might sound like a

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Speaker 1: Bond villain plot to make people literally waste away in Margaritaville,

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Speaker 1: but it's actually an effort to knock back an invasive

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Speaker 1: species that's been spreading disease in Florida for decades. As

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Speaker 1: its name would suggest the eighties, a gypty mosquito as

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Speaker 1: native to northern Africa, and although it makes up only

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Speaker 1: four percent of the total mosquitoes in Florida, it's responsible

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Speaker 1: for almost all transmission of Zeka there as well as

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Speaker 1: dangay fever, yellow fever, and chicken gunya. I really don't

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Speaker 1: want chicken gunya. It causes severe joint pain and immobility.

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Speaker 1: In the kim Conde language of Tanzania, its name means

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Speaker 1: to be contorted. It's a description like that, will take

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Speaker 1: your word for it. Florida has tried to control these

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Speaker 1: mosquitoes for years with pesticides, which is expensive, not very effective,

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Speaker 1: and just murder on honeybees, ladybugs, dragon eyes, and most

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Speaker 1: other animals, including humans. During the Zeke outbreak in two

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Speaker 1: thousand and sixteen, and secticides were sprayed from airplanes over

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Speaker 1: neighborhoods in Florida, which, if you've ever seen what sprays

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Speaker 1: due to bugs, spraying them on your kids probably isn't

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Speaker 1: a good idea. The genetic approach goes like this. In

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Speaker 1: the lab A a gypti, males are altered so that

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Speaker 1: when they mate with wild A. A gyptile lady mosquitoes,

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Speaker 1: the resulting female offspring are born with a genetic malfunction

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Speaker 1: that kills them before they can mate. The male offspring, however,

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Speaker 1: are perfectly healthy, but when they breed with wild females,

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Speaker 1: they also pass on the self destruct gene again, all

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Speaker 1: the new females die, and all the new males pass

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Speaker 1: on more self destruct DNA. This keeps going for generation

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Speaker 1: after generation, until almost all the males are passing a

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Speaker 1: self destruct gene and almost all the females self destruct.

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Speaker 1: Without females, there are no more A Gypti mosquitoes, and

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Speaker 1: we hope no more Zeka. The beauty of this is

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Speaker 1: this approach doesn't leave any mosquitoes with altered DNA on

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Speaker 1: the landscape. Once those last females die, all the genetically

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Speaker 1: altered males die too. This self limiting approach killed of

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Speaker 1: a A gip Ti mosquitoes in the Brazilian city of

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Speaker 1: India Tuba in two thousand nineteen. You won't be surprised

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Speaker 1: to hear that this has been very controversial, even with

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Speaker 1: approval from the e p A and Food and Drug Administration.

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Speaker 1: A lot of people have seen Jurassic Park and worry

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Speaker 1: that monkey around with an animal's genetics could get out

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Speaker 1: of hand. The lack of humility before nature that's being

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Speaker 1: displayed here staggers. But because male mosquitoes don't buy humans,

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Speaker 1: and because a A gyp time mosquitoes only mate with

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Speaker 1: their own species. The risks seem very very low to me.

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Speaker 1: I mean to go back to Jurassic Park. Remember all

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Speaker 1: the dinosaurs were female. It seems that the GMO risks

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Speaker 1: are a lot lower than pesticides. If you're worried about

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Speaker 1: unwittingly creating genetic mutants with superpowers, we're already doing that

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Speaker 1: with mosquitoes that have adapted to resist pesticides, which is

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Speaker 1: a super strong point that needs to be made again.

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Speaker 1: The pesticides that we're spraying to already kill mosquitoes, but

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Speaker 1: really kill a lot more than mosquitoes, Like most of

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Speaker 1: our pollinators down there are already adapting to resist pesticides,

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Speaker 1: which is kind of how we got to this genetic

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Speaker 1: alteration situation. Long time listeners might be able to predict

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Speaker 1: where I'm going to go from here. If we can

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Speaker 1: go after invasive mosquitoes this way, what about other invasives?

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Speaker 1: Could zebra muscles pass self destruct DNA down through the generations?

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Speaker 1: How about leafy spurge with innert seeds? Could Burmese pythons

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Speaker 1: be genetically engineered to give birth to little sterile pythons?

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Speaker 1: Most importantly, could we get rid of feral cats this way?

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Speaker 1: He said it. He said it. I mean, I personally

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Speaker 1: think that the genetic altering of species is, you know,

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Speaker 1: flat out scary. We are in a situation in places

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Speaker 1: like Florida the Everglades where the bulk of the trapping

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Speaker 1: that you see for these invasive species occurs on roads.

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Speaker 1: There's very very few roads down there, is not what

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Speaker 1: the media tells you. So there's hundreds of square miles

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Speaker 1: of area that humans don't go in that are chock

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Speaker 1: full of these invasives that are eating the native wildlife.

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Speaker 1: It is possible that the long term solution here would

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Speaker 1: be to get the invasives to breed themselves out and

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Speaker 1: then come back in and reseede the landscape with native wildlife, which, unfortunately,

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Speaker 1: in this made up scenario, would probably be eaten off

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Speaker 1: the face of the Everglades. Moving on to the Alaska Desk,

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Speaker 1: we're getting closer to a vote by the Federal Subsistence

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Speaker 1: Board that would prevent hunting of moose and caribou into

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Speaker 1: Areas Management Units twenty three and twenty six and Northwest

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Speaker 1: Alaska by anyone not meeting criteria at a subsistence hunter

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Speaker 1: in those areas. That means that a piece of public

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Speaker 1: land the size of Michigan would be closed to you

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Speaker 1: and me, and closed not only to outsiders, but also

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Speaker 1: to born and bred Alaskans who don't meet these specific

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Speaker 1: criteria as subsistence hunters. So let's say you grew up

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Speaker 1: outside of Barrel, Alaska, in one of these units, hunted

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Speaker 1: there every year, had a relationship with that area, and

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Speaker 1: those animals then had to move to Anchorage to take

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Speaker 1: care of a sick parent. If this decision goes through,

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Speaker 1: you would have no option to return home and take

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Speaker 1: part in that hunt. As we covered before, this isn't

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Speaker 1: about the animals. The herds are doing well and non

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Speaker 1: subsistence hunters take a tiny fraction of the total animals

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Speaker 1: killed every year. The local hunters driving this change have

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Speaker 1: argued that arriving aircraft have disrupted caribou migration patterns, but

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Speaker 1: this hasn't been corroborated by science, and anyway, migration patterns

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Speaker 1: change all the time for thousands of reasons known and unknown.

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Speaker 1: In addition, several areas have been closed to aircraft. But

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Speaker 1: it's extremely important to focus on population levels rather than

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Speaker 1: other effects that outsiders may or may not be having.

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Speaker 1: That's because the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act or ANILKA,

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Speaker 1: which is the federal law that governs these decisions, says

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Speaker 1: that the Federal Subsistence Board can't close federal lands for

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Speaker 1: just any reason. Hunting, fishing, and trapping have to remain

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Speaker 1: open to federally qualified users unless population numbers are threatened,

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Speaker 1: or if the continued subsistence of the animals is threatened.

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Speaker 1: That just isn't the case here, and this vote gets

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Speaker 1: us into dangerous territory because of the precedent it would set.

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Speaker 1: Last year, similar but much smaller slice of land near

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Speaker 1: Glen Allen units thirteen A and thirteen B were closed

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Speaker 1: to non local moves and cariboo hunters that went by

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Speaker 1: without many people taking notice, and it's set the stage

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Speaker 1: for this much larger closing. If shutting down thirteen and

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Speaker 1: thirteen B was okay, why not twenty three? And now

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Speaker 1: if twenty three and twenty six are closed, what's to

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Speaker 1: prevent similar areas from being closed in the same way.

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Speaker 1: Alaska Fishing Game is dead set against this change. Commissioner

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Speaker 1: Doug Vincent Lange has a great op ed in the

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Speaker 1: Anchorage Daily News that lays out all the issues in play.

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Speaker 1: Here and how bad this would be for Alaskans and

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Speaker 1: all American hunters. Yes, outsiders can be Yahoo's. They can

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Speaker 1: roll in with their fancy gear and act like they

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Speaker 1: own the place, but that kind of interpersonal beef is

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Speaker 1: for people to work out. We can't toss out the

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Speaker 1: science that biologists work so hard to develop that is

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Speaker 1: supposed to guide these decisions. We can't deny Americans access

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Speaker 1: to the land they own together and that they pay

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Speaker 1: for with conservation dollars. So you need to use the

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Speaker 1: Internet to navigate to places like the back Country Hunters

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Speaker 1: and Anglers website at back Country Hunters dot org. Click

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Speaker 1: on the take action button at the top of the page,

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Speaker 1: scrolled down the opposed public land closures in Northwest Alaska,

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Speaker 1: and fill out that web form. This will send a

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Speaker 1: message to Robin Levine, who oversees the US Fish and

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Speaker 1: Wildlife Services Office of Subsistence Management in Alaska. We may

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Speaker 1: not be able to change the vote of the Federal

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Speaker 1: Subsistence Board itself, but we can make all the noise

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Speaker 1: in the world before the vote happens so that those

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Speaker 1: members of that board know what's at stake. Moving on

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Speaker 1: for a quick animals caught on tape. Round Up, First Up.

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Speaker 1: Pair of van lifers from Michigan were recently let off

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Speaker 1: the hook for chasing a collared grizzly bear in Wyoming's

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Speaker 1: Toga Te Pass with a camera drone last year. An

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Speaker 1: investigation of the incident reported that the bear fled the

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Speaker 1: pursuing drone and was caught looking back over his shoulder

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Speaker 1: as it ran away. For those of you who don't

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Speaker 1: know the shoulder check that a grizzly does when it

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Speaker 1: runs away as a very distinct grizzly bear trait, black

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Speaker 1: bears don't often whip their heads around and look over

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Speaker 1: their shoulder as they're running away. From what I've seen

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Speaker 1: grizz like to say, is you up one more time?

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Speaker 1: Drone flying is prohibited in nearby Yellowstone Grand Teton National Parks,

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Speaker 1: but because this area is in the Bridger Teton National Forest,

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Speaker 1: there's no rule against it. Authorities couldn't make a charge

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Speaker 1: stick under the Airborne Hunting Act, which outlaws quote using

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Speaker 1: an aircraft to harass any bird, fish, or other animal. Interestingly,

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Speaker 1: US Fish and Wildlife also tried to use the Endangered

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Speaker 1: Species Act to pursue the case, interpreting the term quote

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Speaker 1: illegal take as not just taking an animals life, but

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Speaker 1: also its picture. Huh. Fortunately that didn't stick. Drones were

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Speaker 1: recently also to blame for hassling wildlife in the Bolsa

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Speaker 1: Chica Ecological Reserve near Huntington Beach, California. This is an

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Speaker 1: area off limits to recreation of all kinds to protect

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Speaker 1: the vulnerable shore birds who live there, including the Elegant

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Speaker 1: Turn Side note Elegant Turn is the actual name, It's

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Speaker 1: not just saying like, hey, that's an elegant turn can

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Speaker 1: be confusing anyway to Drones recently crashed into the nesting

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Speaker 1: area of the Elegant Turns at the Bolsa Chica Reserve,

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Speaker 1: which scared almost three thousand turns off their nest, who

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Speaker 1: in turn abandoned their turn eggs. Drone footage is amazing stuff.

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Speaker 1: It is game changing, especially for folks who go out

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Speaker 1: and capture things for a living like I do. In

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Speaker 1: some cases, Cal's we can review in the field YouTube

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Speaker 1: series would be much less appealing without the shots we've

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Speaker 1: taken with the drone. But sometimes I wish that these

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Speaker 1: drones could be shot out of the air. Maybe you

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Speaker 1: could get hunting licenses for them. You'd have to prove

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Speaker 1: that they're being used irresponsibly something like that. But my

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Speaker 1: personal experience here in the state of Montana, going to

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Speaker 1: public trailheads, scenic overlooks, boat launches, there's always some kid

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Speaker 1: now who is out there disrupting the beautiful scene that

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Speaker 1: people came out to see by flying a freaking drone

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Speaker 1: over their head. I've been close to mental breakdown a

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Speaker 1: couple of times because that's just not what I'm out

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Speaker 1: there for, especially when I'm not working again. I see

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Speaker 1: the hypocrisy here, but my goodness, we tried to be

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Speaker 1: as respectful as possible. It's still not good for somebody

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Speaker 1: out there, I'm sure, but please just try to put

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Speaker 1: in the effort. Moving on seventeen year old Haley more Nico,

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Speaker 1: who late last month sprang into action when her dogs

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Speaker 1: rushed a black bear who had climbed onto a wall

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Speaker 1: along her backyard. The bear had two cubs nearby, and

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Speaker 1: was therefore not playing nice with the canines, lunging and

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Speaker 1: barking at her. A doorbell cam shows Haley busting out

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Speaker 1: of her house, shoving the bear off the wall, scooping

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Speaker 1: up the closest dog, and hauling ass out of there now.

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Speaker 1: You know, my typical advice is stay away from bears,

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Speaker 1: keep your distance. Whatever you do, don't get into a

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Speaker 1: tangle with the sound cubs. But breaking up this fight

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Speaker 1: and leaving all involved alive and unharmed was pretty impressive.

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Speaker 1: And you know when people describe the superhuman strength that

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Speaker 1: comes over a mother when her kids are in danger,

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Speaker 1: they always say she could have lifted a car off

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Speaker 1: of them. Well, maybe now they should say she could

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Speaker 1: have rassled a bear to save them. Good job, Mama Bear, Hailey.

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Speaker 1: And last, but not least, from the Animal and Counter Desk,

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Speaker 1: a coyote attacked and ran off with a hiker, small dog,

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Speaker 1: and the whole's gulch area of the Boise Foothills. The

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Speaker 1: Boise Foothills are a great example of a highly trafficed

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Speaker 1: wildland urban interface. Boise, Idaho, is Idaho's largest city, and

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Speaker 1: the area has been experiencing rapid growth roughly twenty one

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Speaker 1: and a half percent from two thousand ten to making

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Speaker 1: Boise the country's eighth fastest growing city, according to Idaho News.

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Speaker 1: The attack happened in broad daylight just past noon last Sunday.

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Speaker 1: Idaho fe Game believes there are several active denning sites

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Speaker 1: in the Boise Foothills, and pet attacks are likely resulting

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Speaker 1: from female coyotes protecting pups and dens, or possibly, as

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Speaker 1: in this case, Mama Kayot, was just sick of the

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Speaker 1: kids asking for a puppy of their own. The owner

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Speaker 1: of the stolen dog has asked that warning signs be

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Speaker 1: placed on the trail system. The city of Boise recommends

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Speaker 1: owners keep their dogs leashed while on trail and has

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Speaker 1: always advised that visitors do not feed wildlife. That's all

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Speaker 1: I've got for you this week, Thanks so much for listening.

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Speaker 1: Check out www dot Steel Dealers dot com to find knowledgeable,

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Speaker 1: friendly places to get your next set of pruning shears

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Speaker 1: or an electric or gas powered saw, and most importantly,

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Speaker 1: right in to a s K C A L. That's

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Speaker 1: ask Cal at the Meat Eater dot com and let

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Speaker 1: me know what's going on in your neck of the woods.

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Speaker 1: Thanks again, and I'll talk to you next week. Had

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Speaker 1: Smer the brook was from up in Ing has cover