WEBVTT - Listener Questions #34 0:00:07.800 --> 0:00:10.200 If you get up early to walk the dog, you 0:00:10.280 --> 0:00:12.720 might wonder why all the morning. 0:00:12.480 --> 0:00:16.759 Fog does blood rush to the head of upside down bats? 0:00:17.239 --> 0:00:19.520 Or do adaptations help deal with all of that? 0:00:20.280 --> 0:00:24.680 A spinning black hole is quite the disgrace. It breaks 0:00:24.800 --> 0:00:26.720 causality all over the place. 0:00:27.400 --> 0:00:30.880 Whatever questions keep you up at night, Daniel and Kelly's 0:00:30.920 --> 0:00:32.400 answers will help make it right. 0:00:33.080 --> 0:00:37.360 Welcome to listener questions number thirty four on Daniel and 0:00:37.440 --> 0:00:40.040 Kelly's Extraordinary Universe. 0:00:53.360 --> 0:00:56.640 Hello, I'm Kelly Waiter Smith. I study parasites and space, 0:00:56.640 --> 0:00:59.800 and I'm excited that today we've got nature, We've got 0:01:00.440 --> 0:01:03.160 we've got black holes, We've got all the good stuff 0:01:03.200 --> 0:01:03.960 on the show today. 0:01:04.200 --> 0:01:04.360 Hi. 0:01:04.480 --> 0:01:08.000 I'm Daniel. I'm a particle physicist, and I almost certainly 0:01:08.080 --> 0:01:10.760 don't have a goat giving birth in my backyard. 0:01:11.000 --> 0:01:13.320 Yeah, that's right. Daniel today was like, Hey, Kelly, do 0:01:13.360 --> 0:01:16.039 you want to record an hour early? And I was like, well, 0:01:16.040 --> 0:01:18.240 first I have to see if my goat needs to 0:01:18.440 --> 0:01:20.680 have a bowel movement or if she's about to give 0:01:20.720 --> 0:01:25.520 birth early. We've all been there for moms. But but yeah, 0:01:25.680 --> 0:01:28.039 I and actually I think it was I think it 0:01:28.080 --> 0:01:28.760 could be both. 0:01:29.120 --> 0:01:29.520 Wow. 0:01:29.560 --> 0:01:31.800 So between every segment today, I'm going to run out 0:01:31.840 --> 0:01:33.479 and check on my goat and see how she's doing. 0:01:33.640 --> 0:01:36.119 That's right. You could all be witnesses to the miracle. 0:01:35.800 --> 0:01:38.280 Of life, that's right. Yeah, I know, or a goat 0:01:38.319 --> 0:01:41.320 pooping good Yeah, or both or both, probably both, because 0:01:41.319 --> 0:01:42.000 it's biology. 0:01:42.200 --> 0:01:44.679 I guess both count as the miracle of life. 0:01:44.800 --> 0:01:44.920 Right. 0:01:44.959 --> 0:01:48.240 They're both important functions, that's right. 0:01:48.440 --> 0:01:51.080 You know, when you don't poop, you kind of wish 0:01:51.160 --> 0:01:54.440 you were dead, I'm guessing. So, so you need both, 0:01:54.640 --> 0:01:55.320 you need both? 0:01:55.840 --> 0:01:58.040 All right. Well that's the backdrop. But in the foreground 0:01:58.080 --> 0:02:01.720 today we are addressing your curiosity. We are talking about 0:02:01.800 --> 0:02:04.680 questions you have about how the universe works, from six 0:02:04.800 --> 0:02:06.920 year old wondering about fog on the way to school 0:02:07.160 --> 0:02:10.680 all the way to the inner horizons of spinning black holes. 0:02:10.800 --> 0:02:12.120 And I got to tell you, as of today, I 0:02:12.120 --> 0:02:14.720 am changing my strategy a little bit, because my strategy 0:02:14.840 --> 0:02:18.040 has been I take questions from listeners that I do 0:02:18.040 --> 0:02:20.600 not know the answer to, that are hard that I 0:02:20.600 --> 0:02:22.960 can't figure out quickly, and I put them on my 0:02:23.080 --> 0:02:24.760 list and those are the ones that end up on 0:02:24.800 --> 0:02:27.839 the show. And now I only have questions that take 0:02:27.919 --> 0:02:31.959 me like ten hours or more to answer on my list. 0:02:32.000 --> 0:02:34.920 And so next time someone asked me a real softball question, 0:02:35.840 --> 0:02:38.480 I'm throwing that on my list for a listener question 0:02:38.520 --> 0:02:41.120 episode because I need some easy ones, sort of like 0:02:41.400 --> 0:02:45.240 sprinkled in there, because this one was a bit. 0:02:45.080 --> 0:02:51.079 Tough unsolved mysteries of biology. Yeah, I did that too, 0:02:51.080 --> 0:02:54.440 but I also mix in easier questions that I think 0:02:54.520 --> 0:02:57.600 a lot of people will be interested in answer, or 0:02:57.680 --> 0:02:59.440 that I think will be fun to joke about with you. 0:02:59.639 --> 0:03:02.880 Oh oh, those are all good strategies. Yeah, all right, Well, 0:03:02.880 --> 0:03:04.919 we learn from each other as much as we learn 0:03:05.000 --> 0:03:07.200 from the listeners, which is lovely. We're all learning from 0:03:07.200 --> 0:03:08.560 each other. What a great community. 0:03:08.680 --> 0:03:11.120 And today we're starting with a question from a six 0:03:11.280 --> 0:03:14.440 year old. This is a future scientist, folks, somebody who 0:03:14.480 --> 0:03:17.400 looks out in the world and wants to understand what's 0:03:17.440 --> 0:03:20.920 going on. So let's get started with our first question. 0:03:21.360 --> 0:03:24.080 Hey, Daniel Kelly, So our son just turns six and 0:03:24.120 --> 0:03:25.799 he's starting kindergarten this year. 0:03:26.280 --> 0:03:28.600 With that, we've been getting up earlier in the mornings 0:03:28.639 --> 0:03:30.600 and he started to notice something. 0:03:31.040 --> 0:03:34.000 By Jeja Yeho FuG and money. 0:03:34.520 --> 0:03:37.360 This is such a great question. I love this question. 0:03:37.400 --> 0:03:40.920 And also I'm particularly excited about fog since we moved 0:03:40.920 --> 0:03:44.040 out to a farm that has these big fields, because 0:03:44.080 --> 0:03:48.480 the fog will sometimes roll across the fields, and I 0:03:48.520 --> 0:03:50.680 am really into zombie movies, and every once in a 0:03:50.720 --> 0:03:52.800 while I'll look out and as the fog rolls across 0:03:52.800 --> 0:03:55.440 the field, I'm like the zombies. They must be coming, 0:03:55.480 --> 0:03:58.160 because it looks like the setting for a zombie movie. 0:03:58.360 --> 0:04:00.560 And then I'm a little disappointed because this Bomi's never 0:04:00.600 --> 0:04:02.680 come up out of the fog and I never get 0:04:02.680 --> 0:04:05.560 to use my taekwondo skills. But that's probably better i'd 0:04:05.600 --> 0:04:09.000 be dead. So all right, Daniel, where does the fog 0:04:09.040 --> 0:04:09.480 come from? 0:04:09.840 --> 0:04:13.640 It's foggy in the morning because fog forms when air 0:04:13.720 --> 0:04:16.760 gets colder, and so at night it gets colder because 0:04:16.800 --> 0:04:19.560 it's not as much sunshine, and so it gets foggy. 0:04:19.680 --> 0:04:21.520 That's the answer I'm aiming at a six year old. 0:04:21.560 --> 0:04:23.560 But then, of course we can dig in deeper into 0:04:23.600 --> 0:04:26.080 the science for the rest of the listeners. Does that 0:04:26.120 --> 0:04:26.599 make sense? 0:04:26.880 --> 0:04:30.240 I guess I don't know why it getting colder should 0:04:30.240 --> 0:04:32.520 make it foggy, And I bet the six year old 0:04:32.560 --> 0:04:36.560 is also saying, give me a better answer. Daniel. This 0:04:36.640 --> 0:04:38.120 is not why I listen to dKu. 0:04:40.480 --> 0:04:43.560 All right, fair point, let's dig in. So what is 0:04:43.640 --> 0:04:47.560 fog anyway? Fog is water. Water can be a solid ice, 0:04:47.720 --> 0:04:50.080 it can be a liquid that's what we usually call water, 0:04:50.520 --> 0:04:53.600 or it can be vapor. Okay, that vapor is invisible 0:04:53.680 --> 0:04:55.960 and he can mix with the air. Or we sometimes 0:04:56.000 --> 0:04:59.000 say the air is holding that water. You can't see 0:04:59.040 --> 0:05:01.840 that water when it's but you can tell that it's there, 0:05:02.680 --> 0:05:04.520 like when you go outside. The air can be humid, 0:05:04.560 --> 0:05:07.080 which feels sticky, or if you're lucky enough to live 0:05:07.120 --> 0:05:10.640 in California, the air can feel fairly dry, right, or 0:05:10.680 --> 0:05:13.479 like I visited Houston recently, where the air is like chewy. 0:05:13.760 --> 0:05:17.799 Yeah, yeah, I don't miss that about Houston. Really gotta 0:05:17.839 --> 0:05:19.719 be honest exactly. 0:05:19.800 --> 0:05:23.320 But if there's more water then the air can hold, 0:05:23.640 --> 0:05:28.159 then it condenses out and you get droplets, clouds, steam, fog, 0:05:28.560 --> 0:05:30.840 this kind of stuff. So the air is kind of 0:05:30.880 --> 0:05:33.080 like a sponge and that it can hold some water, 0:05:33.360 --> 0:05:35.080 but if you put too much into it, it's gonna 0:05:35.120 --> 0:05:37.800 leak out. And so when there's more water in the 0:05:37.839 --> 0:05:40.480 air that it can hold, then you get fog or 0:05:40.520 --> 0:05:43.320 then you get rain. And that's called the dew point. 0:05:43.520 --> 0:05:46.480 The dew point is the temperature where the air is 0:05:46.640 --> 0:05:49.960 fully saturated, the relative humidity is one hundred percent. It 0:05:49.960 --> 0:05:53.279 can't hold anymore. And if you go below the dew point, 0:05:53.560 --> 0:05:56.800 then you get dew where the water like precipitates out 0:05:56.800 --> 0:05:59.600 into little droplets and forms on plants and stuff. 0:05:59.360 --> 0:06:01.719 And that's what we call do okay, all right, So 0:06:01.760 --> 0:06:05.120 at night it gets colder, and the reason that matters 0:06:05.200 --> 0:06:08.040 is because cold air can hold less water, right. 0:06:08.400 --> 0:06:12.000 That's right. Warmer air can hold more water, and colder 0:06:12.040 --> 0:06:14.080 air can hold less water. So if you have a 0:06:14.120 --> 0:06:16.160 bunch of air and it's got some water in it 0:06:16.400 --> 0:06:18.400 and it's all fine, and it can handle that much 0:06:18.400 --> 0:06:21.320 water you're like seventy five percent humidity. Then as you 0:06:21.400 --> 0:06:24.160 cool that air down, it can't hold as much water. 0:06:24.240 --> 0:06:26.600 And at some point it passes the temperature where it's 0:06:26.600 --> 0:06:29.120 at one hundred percent humidity. It's the temperature at which 0:06:29.240 --> 0:06:31.839 it's holding all the water than it can. Then you 0:06:31.880 --> 0:06:34.360 pass that, you go even colder, and it can't hold 0:06:34.400 --> 0:06:36.680 that water anymore, so it comes out of the air 0:06:36.960 --> 0:06:40.840 and it makes fog. So fundamentally what's happening here is 0:06:40.880 --> 0:06:43.599 as you say, how much water the air can hold 0:06:43.680 --> 0:06:46.839 depends on the temperature, and you might wonder, like why 0:06:46.920 --> 0:06:49.400 is that? Is it related to, for example, how much 0:06:49.480 --> 0:06:51.880 like salt you can dissolve into water, which also depends 0:06:51.920 --> 0:06:54.440 on temperature, Like you put salt into water. You can 0:06:54.440 --> 0:06:57.080 dissolve more salt and water when it's hot than when 0:06:57.080 --> 0:06:57.640 it's cold. 0:06:58.000 --> 0:07:00.640 Right, Okay, So I guess what I'm wondering is, all right, 0:07:00.680 --> 0:07:04.119 so you're outside on a particular kind of day where 0:07:04.160 --> 0:07:07.320 there's a lot of moisture in the air and it's warm, 0:07:07.760 --> 0:07:11.320 and so like, what kind of warm day would result 0:07:11.400 --> 0:07:15.160 in the air holding as much water as possible? Like 0:07:15.520 --> 0:07:17.920 would a warm day always hold as much water as 0:07:17.920 --> 0:07:21.200 possible or does it need to have like rained recently 0:07:21.280 --> 0:07:23.640 and now there's more water in the air and so 0:07:23.720 --> 0:07:26.720 it's holding as much water as it can. Basically, my 0:07:26.840 --> 0:07:29.800 question is why isn't there fog every single morning? And 0:07:29.800 --> 0:07:32.600 so I'm trying to figure out the conditions that result 0:07:32.760 --> 0:07:37.480 in one hundred percent water being in the air. 0:07:37.680 --> 0:07:40.560 Yeah, cool question, So why does it happen sometimes and 0:07:40.600 --> 0:07:43.080 not other times? So in order for this to happen, 0:07:43.200 --> 0:07:45.400 you need moist air, you need water to be in 0:07:45.480 --> 0:07:48.240 the air, and that's why you often see fog like 0:07:48.480 --> 0:07:51.480 near valleys or near the ocean or near lakes, or 0:07:51.520 --> 0:07:55.600 after rainy days or in fall when the nights are 0:07:55.640 --> 0:07:58.600 really really long, so it gets colder at night than 0:07:58.680 --> 0:08:01.040 it does in the summer. So yeah, you need a 0:08:01.080 --> 0:08:04.040 source of that water. So if it's rained, or if 0:08:04.080 --> 0:08:05.680 you have a valley with a river or a lake 0:08:05.800 --> 0:08:08.240 or something, you need a source of that water in 0:08:08.360 --> 0:08:10.560 order to make it moist. So you ask, like, what 0:08:10.680 --> 0:08:12.880 kind of day is going to be like hot and 0:08:13.000 --> 0:08:16.200 moist something where it rained or where there's a nearby 0:08:16.240 --> 0:08:19.720 body of water to evaporate from. You need that source 0:08:20.000 --> 0:08:22.160 of water and you need to get it up into 0:08:22.200 --> 0:08:23.920 the air on that hot day, and then you need 0:08:23.960 --> 0:08:26.280 to cool it down. And the best way for that 0:08:26.360 --> 0:08:29.040 to happen is for the night to be clear so 0:08:29.080 --> 0:08:31.760 there's good cooling because otherwise some of that heat is 0:08:31.800 --> 0:08:34.040 going to be reflected by the clouds back at the earth. 0:08:34.480 --> 0:08:37.640 For there to be very light winds because winds tend 0:08:37.679 --> 0:08:40.200 to mix up the hot and the cold air, and 0:08:40.280 --> 0:08:42.520 for the ground to be as cold as possible. So 0:08:42.760 --> 0:08:45.680 on a clear night with light wind and cool ground 0:08:46.000 --> 0:08:49.720 after a rainy day or near a lake, you're very 0:08:49.800 --> 0:08:50.679 likely to get fog. 0:08:51.160 --> 0:08:53.880 Okay, awesome, Now let's give me why do I want 0:08:53.880 --> 0:08:54.600 to know about salt. 0:08:54.640 --> 0:08:57.640 Also, when I was reading about this, I was thinking 0:08:57.640 --> 0:09:02.080 about air being saturated by water and imagining that maybe 0:09:02.080 --> 0:09:05.960 it was similar to dissolving something into a solution. Like 0:09:06.000 --> 0:09:08.000 you know how you can put salt into water and 0:09:08.000 --> 0:09:10.520 then you don't see it right. It's not visible the 0:09:10.520 --> 0:09:12.760 same way that there can be like water in the air, 0:09:12.800 --> 0:09:14.920 but you're not looking at it right. It's like held 0:09:15.000 --> 0:09:18.080 by the air, And so I imagined that it was similar. 0:09:18.320 --> 0:09:20.120 Maybe this is the same kind of process. You can 0:09:20.200 --> 0:09:25.080 use your intuition. It turns out it's not. Yeah, when 0:09:25.080 --> 0:09:28.000 you dissolve salt into water, the salt actually forms bonds 0:09:28.040 --> 0:09:30.760 with the water. It's like actually a chemical solution. But 0:09:31.200 --> 0:09:33.520 water in the air is just more like a mixture 0:09:33.559 --> 0:09:35.680 of gases. You have like a mixture of air and 0:09:35.760 --> 0:09:38.439 water vapor. So it's not a great analogy. So for 0:09:38.480 --> 0:09:40.800 those people listening and thinking you can use your intuition 0:09:40.880 --> 0:09:44.440 for salt and water to understand air and water, that's 0:09:44.440 --> 0:09:46.960 a bit of a trap. So don't go down that hole. 0:09:48.320 --> 0:09:51.800 But there is something really fascinating happening here. Chemically, we 0:09:51.880 --> 0:09:54.680 talked about the dew point, the temperature beyond which things 0:09:54.679 --> 0:09:57.840 precipitate out into the air. It's not actually quite so simple. 0:09:58.080 --> 0:10:01.360 What's really happening is you have condon at every temperature, 0:10:01.400 --> 0:10:04.760 and you also have evaporation at every temperature. What happens 0:10:04.800 --> 0:10:06.200 when you cross the duw point is that you have 0:10:06.240 --> 0:10:10.040 more condensation than evaporation. So above the due point, you 0:10:10.080 --> 0:10:13.800 have more evaporation than condensation, so the air is taking 0:10:13.880 --> 0:10:16.880 in more water if you like, are injecting water somehow, 0:10:17.120 --> 0:10:19.599 then the air is gobbling that up, whereas below the 0:10:19.679 --> 0:10:22.760 due point you have more condensation than evaporation, so the 0:10:22.800 --> 0:10:25.880 air is losing the water. So it's a smooth transition 0:10:26.040 --> 0:10:28.840 as you cross the due point between being dominated by 0:10:28.880 --> 0:10:33.480 condensation and being dominated by evaporation. And this helps you 0:10:33.600 --> 0:10:38.360 understand why it's temperature dependent also because imagine the air 0:10:38.400 --> 0:10:40.240 and you have all these molecules of air, and then 0:10:40.280 --> 0:10:43.240 you also have water in the air, right, But there's 0:10:43.240 --> 0:10:45.800 no bonds between the water and the air, but there 0:10:45.840 --> 0:10:48.760 are bonds between the water molecules. So you have a 0:10:48.840 --> 0:10:51.360 droplet of water in the air like a little in 0:10:51.480 --> 0:10:54.160 one piece of fog, like a fog particle or a 0:10:54.200 --> 0:10:59.400 foggino or whatever. Then it's held together by little bonds 0:10:59.440 --> 0:11:02.320 because water is polar, remember, and so like one end 0:11:02.360 --> 0:11:05.000 of it is charged positive, one end of his charge negative, 0:11:05.240 --> 0:11:08.440 so it can kind of stick together. So water molecules 0:11:08.480 --> 0:11:11.120 when it's a little drop of fog are bound together 0:11:11.200 --> 0:11:14.360 by these hydrogen bonds between the molecules, and in order 0:11:14.400 --> 0:11:17.880 to evaporate, they have to have enough energy, enough kinetic 0:11:18.000 --> 0:11:21.640 energy to evaporate. So as the temperature goes up, more 0:11:21.679 --> 0:11:23.880 of these things have enough kinetic energy to break those 0:11:23.880 --> 0:11:26.880 bonds and evaporate into the air. So that's why at 0:11:26.960 --> 0:11:30.640 higher temperatures there's more water that can bounce around without 0:11:30.640 --> 0:11:33.480 getting stuck to other little water molecules and making little 0:11:33.520 --> 0:11:36.720 fuggy know, particles. So it's all about the temperature of 0:11:36.840 --> 0:11:39.720 the water really and force. The temperature of the air 0:11:39.800 --> 0:11:42.679 and the water are the same because they're an equilibrium. 0:11:43.080 --> 0:11:45.640 So what do you think it is about foggy mornings 0:11:45.760 --> 0:11:52.600 that make zombies more likely to be moving around? You 0:11:52.640 --> 0:11:53.679 look a little frustrated. 0:11:53.720 --> 0:11:59.400 Actually, sorry, I pride myself in being able to prepare 0:11:59.440 --> 0:12:02.679 for almost any question. You're going to ask, Wow, you 0:12:02.720 --> 0:12:06.000 totally caught me slash footed. So here's a completely impromptu answer. 0:12:09.080 --> 0:12:12.600 The Foggino particles interact with the zombie field, and so 0:12:12.640 --> 0:12:15.840 there's a resonance between those two, and so sometimes the 0:12:15.920 --> 0:12:19.160 zombie field will get energy from the Foggino particles and 0:12:19.200 --> 0:12:22.160 then you'll just precipitate zombies out of the quantum vacuum. 0:12:22.280 --> 0:12:24.480 Holy wow. Yeah, oh my gosh. 0:12:24.480 --> 0:12:27.000 Also that was complete nonsense and so. 0:12:27.200 --> 0:12:29.719 Obviously, but that was amazing. You used all the right 0:12:29.760 --> 0:12:32.480 words in all of the fancy ways, and you know, 0:12:32.720 --> 0:12:35.240 I think maybe we should start doing like a supernatural 0:12:35.320 --> 0:12:38.520 sort of podcast, and then maybe we could get ahead 0:12:38.640 --> 0:12:42.080 of Oh, what is the show that's ahead of us 0:12:42.160 --> 0:12:46.199 watch Chronicles. Yeah. 0:12:46.320 --> 0:12:48.160 No, that's just a lesson and how easy it is 0:12:48.200 --> 0:12:50.000 to sound like you know what you're talking about if 0:12:50.040 --> 0:12:53.000 you use big, fancy words, even if you're spewing gibberish. 0:12:53.080 --> 0:12:55.920 Yes, all right, anyway, okay, so sorry, back to the 0:12:55.960 --> 0:13:00.520 fogginos and okay, so so do in the morning fog 0:13:00.600 --> 0:13:05.280 that has settled on plants and stuff exactly. Side note, 0:13:05.320 --> 0:13:07.840 just to like Kelly being a nature nerd. One of 0:13:07.880 --> 0:13:09.959 my favorite things in the morning is to walk through 0:13:10.000 --> 0:13:12.839 our hayfields and see all of the teeny tiny little 0:13:12.840 --> 0:13:15.760 spiderwebs that I always miss, but you can see them 0:13:15.800 --> 0:13:18.400 because the dew has settled on them. There are literally 0:13:18.600 --> 0:13:21.440 thousands of them out there. There's this tiny little universe 0:13:21.840 --> 0:13:24.000 that you can only see in the morning when the 0:13:24.080 --> 0:13:27.240 dew makes it visible and you miss it otherwise. And 0:13:27.280 --> 0:13:29.120 it's just like when you look at the world at 0:13:29.120 --> 0:13:32.040 different scales, there's all of these things that you missed 0:13:32.520 --> 0:13:35.439 at the scale that you live. And anyway, I love 0:13:35.520 --> 0:13:37.560 walking in the morning, like when you can still see 0:13:37.559 --> 0:13:40.080 what the dew makes visible, and a good reason to 0:13:40.080 --> 0:13:40.600 get up early. 0:13:40.640 --> 0:13:42.640 Sometimes in high school I had to get up early 0:13:42.640 --> 0:13:45.800 for marching band, and the field was always covered in 0:13:45.840 --> 0:13:48.800 dew which is then frozen. Oh and crunching on those 0:13:48.840 --> 0:13:51.240 frozen blades of grass that was always so satisfied. 0:13:51.360 --> 0:13:52.880 Oh okay, I thought you were going to say you 0:13:52.880 --> 0:13:55.560 didn't like that, So yes, two positive stories about getting 0:13:55.600 --> 0:13:55.920 up early. 0:13:56.040 --> 0:13:58.200 I did not like getting up early for marching band. 0:13:58.200 --> 0:14:00.640 That was the one good thing about it. The first 0:14:00.679 --> 0:14:04.360 in grass, you know, it's satisfying. The way like stepping 0:14:04.559 --> 0:14:07.640 on a frozen river and cracking that ice is also satisfying. 0:14:07.760 --> 0:14:08.840 I don't know if you feel that way. 0:14:08.920 --> 0:14:10.199 Yeah, no, I like that. I like that. Can I 0:14:10.200 --> 0:14:12.320 share one negative getting up early story? And then we 0:14:12.360 --> 0:14:14.040 really need to get back? Should we just get back 0:14:14.080 --> 0:14:17.120 on track? Maybe we should just get back on track? 0:14:17.480 --> 0:14:19.400 Well, why don't you say it? And it's not funny enough? 0:14:19.440 --> 0:14:19.880 Okay? 0:14:19.880 --> 0:14:20.240 All right? 0:14:20.560 --> 0:14:22.600 So when I was in high school, senior year of 0:14:22.640 --> 0:14:25.760 high school, I worked at a bakery at a zoo, 0:14:25.960 --> 0:14:27.400 and I had to get there at five am to 0:14:27.440 --> 0:14:29.800 cook the cookies before everyone got there. And one morning 0:14:29.800 --> 0:14:31.600 I was feeling super grumpy and I was like, I 0:14:31.640 --> 0:14:33.720 can't who in high school gets a job where you 0:14:33.800 --> 0:14:37.440 have to be there at five am? What am I thinking? 0:14:37.520 --> 0:14:37.680 Right? 0:14:37.880 --> 0:14:40.080 And so I get there and this little bird lands 0:14:40.120 --> 0:14:42.400 on a fence and it starts singing this beautiful song, 0:14:42.440 --> 0:14:45.400 and I'm like, okay, all right, this is why you 0:14:45.440 --> 0:14:45.840 get here? 0:14:46.200 --> 0:14:47.040 And was there fog? 0:14:47.360 --> 0:14:49.080 I don't remember. I don't remember that. 0:14:49.160 --> 0:14:51.000 I just remember telling there has to be fogg to 0:14:51.000 --> 0:14:52.080 connect to the question, and. 0:14:52.040 --> 0:14:56.280 There was fog, but no zombies and anyway, singing this 0:14:56.320 --> 0:15:01.360 beautiful song, and then out of nowhere, a raptor comes 0:15:01.400 --> 0:15:06.640 by and literally oops the bird up and rips its 0:15:06.720 --> 0:15:11.920 neck out, and I was like, that's mornings for you. Yes, 0:15:12.000 --> 0:15:14.760 that feels a little bit more on key, and anyway, 0:15:14.760 --> 0:15:15.880 I felt so bad for that. 0:15:15.920 --> 0:15:17.160 That's biology for that. 0:15:17.160 --> 0:15:20.800 That's biology for you, and anyway that felt Yeah. I 0:15:20.840 --> 0:15:22.840 was like, no, right, okay, that's right. This is why 0:15:22.880 --> 0:15:25.040 you don't get up in the mornings early birds, I 0:15:25.080 --> 0:15:26.520 don't know they get their next ripped out. 0:15:28.080 --> 0:15:30.680 Be careful early birds because in the morning there's fog 0:15:30.760 --> 0:15:33.240 and the raptors can swoop down out of their hiding 0:15:33.240 --> 0:15:36.400 places in the mist. That's right, all right, So chance, 0:15:36.520 --> 0:15:38.920 send this explanation to your six year old and let's 0:15:38.960 --> 0:15:43.000 see if we've scratched that itch or confused them with 0:15:43.080 --> 0:15:45.560 stories of raptors and zombies. 0:15:45.640 --> 0:15:52.480 And kids so much. Nine questions. I think it's cool, Sponge. 0:15:53.480 --> 0:15:59.600 I don't have any questions, thank you. 0:16:15.840 --> 0:16:18.840 Okay, we're back and we're answering questions from listeners as 0:16:18.880 --> 0:16:21.640 well as giving live updates on Kelly's goat. 0:16:21.840 --> 0:16:22.920 Oh that's staying in the show. 0:16:23.000 --> 0:16:25.240 Huh Kelly, did your goat give birth? 0:16:26.240 --> 0:16:28.440 No? Not yet, not yet. She was chewing her cut 0:16:28.520 --> 0:16:30.320 and she got up to say hi. When I went 0:16:30.360 --> 0:16:32.320 out to check on her. So she is not in 0:16:32.440 --> 0:16:36.400 active labor right now, but her utters are bigger, so. 0:16:36.840 --> 0:16:38.520 I think we're are they utterly huge? 0:16:38.760 --> 0:16:43.040 They're not utterly huge yet, but her bag has expanded, 0:16:43.080 --> 0:16:44.200 as the vet said, So. 0:16:44.520 --> 0:16:46.800 Well, I'm gonna milk these jokes as as I can. 0:16:46.960 --> 0:16:49.680 Amazing, amazing, and I'm going to see how many zombie 0:16:49.720 --> 0:16:52.640 references I can get in there, so we'll this is 0:16:52.680 --> 0:16:53.840 gonna be a great show. 0:16:54.160 --> 0:16:54.440 All right. 0:16:54.480 --> 0:16:57.280 Well, the next question is not about goats or zombies 0:16:57.520 --> 0:17:00.200 or even vampires, but it is about bat. 0:17:00.160 --> 0:17:03.640 Ooh yes, so this is a question from Huntington. And 0:17:04.160 --> 0:17:07.440 this is also a question that involves a child, which 0:17:07.480 --> 0:17:10.959 I love, so yeah, and absolutely keep sending us questions 0:17:10.960 --> 0:17:12.520 that you and your kids have, or just questions your 0:17:12.600 --> 0:17:15.119 kids have, and so let's go ahead and hear the question. 0:17:15.240 --> 0:17:18.520 Now, Hi, Daniel and Kelly, We're probably blame more. Kelly, 0:17:19.359 --> 0:17:21.399 My son and I were reading about bats and the 0:17:21.400 --> 0:17:24.320 book said that bats have valves in their circulatory system, 0:17:24.560 --> 0:17:26.840 so the blood can't rush to their heads when they 0:17:26.840 --> 0:17:29.200 are upside down and make them dizzy. Why Some then. 0:17:29.119 --> 0:17:31.240 Asked why ol geckos get dizzy. 0:17:31.640 --> 0:17:34.200 I'm wondered if gecko's had something similar in their bodies 0:17:34.200 --> 0:17:36.600 to bats. I looked but couldn't find the answer and 0:17:36.720 --> 0:17:37.680 was hoping you could help out. 0:17:38.040 --> 0:17:40.919 Thank you boy, this is a great question. But before 0:17:40.960 --> 0:17:43.919 we understand like bats and geckos getting dizzy, you like, 0:17:44.440 --> 0:17:46.720 what does it mean to get dizzy? Anyway? Why do 0:17:46.880 --> 0:17:48.840 humans get dizzy? What is that all about? 0:17:48.960 --> 0:17:50.800 Yeah? Yeah, So when I get a question, one of 0:17:50.840 --> 0:17:53.000 the first things that I do is I like break 0:17:53.000 --> 0:17:55.320 the question into pieces, and then you have to check 0:17:55.720 --> 0:17:58.240 the premise of each part of the question. You know, 0:17:58.320 --> 0:18:00.879 not because you don't trust the list, but because, like 0:18:00.920 --> 0:18:02.600 you know one, you just want to make sure that 0:18:02.640 --> 0:18:05.439 everybody understands all the different parts of the question. So 0:18:05.480 --> 0:18:08.400 the first part of the question here is why do 0:18:08.440 --> 0:18:12.119 you get dizzy? And so what's implicit in this question 0:18:12.200 --> 0:18:14.639 here is that what makes you dizzy is the blood 0:18:14.720 --> 0:18:17.320 rushing to your head. And you know, maybe when the 0:18:17.320 --> 0:18:19.119 blood rushes to your head, it can't get back to 0:18:19.160 --> 0:18:21.879 your heart and so it doesn't get oxygenated, or maybe 0:18:21.880 --> 0:18:24.399 it's the change and the fluid pressure in your head. 0:18:24.960 --> 0:18:28.520 But actually getting dizzy is a very complicated thing and 0:18:28.560 --> 0:18:30.200 it can be caused by a lot of different things. 0:18:30.240 --> 0:18:32.240 So I was looking at like a MAO clinic website, 0:18:32.280 --> 0:18:36.639 and anxiety can make you dizzy? Really, yeah, apparently. And 0:18:36.840 --> 0:18:39.960 folks who study virtual reality and who try to make 0:18:39.960 --> 0:18:43.960 those virtual reality headsets have been sort of amazed at 0:18:44.000 --> 0:18:47.960 the many different ways that humans can become dizzy when you, 0:18:47.960 --> 0:18:50.560 you know, put them in a virtual reality setup and 0:18:51.040 --> 0:18:53.560 they'll report like, oh, no, that made me dizzy. Now 0:18:53.600 --> 0:18:56.640 I kind of want to puke, you know. No, you're underwater. 0:18:56.720 --> 0:18:58.760 Setup didn't calm me down. It made me feel like 0:18:58.760 --> 0:19:01.639 the world is spinning. And so anyway, being dizzy is 0:19:01.640 --> 0:19:05.160 a complicated thing. But let's look at two potential reasons 0:19:05.160 --> 0:19:08.040 for getting dizzy. Let's go ahead and dig into the 0:19:08.040 --> 0:19:11.359 one that's implied in the question first, which is blood 0:19:11.400 --> 0:19:12.160 rushing to your head. 0:19:12.320 --> 0:19:14.600 Blood rushing your head makes you dizzy. I always thought 0:19:14.640 --> 0:19:16.919 it was low blood pressure that made you dizzy. 0:19:17.119 --> 0:19:19.879 Yeah, So for me, when I stand up and you know, 0:19:19.960 --> 0:19:22.040 I have less blood in my head for a moment, 0:19:22.160 --> 0:19:24.960