WEBVTT - How Cave Dwellers Work 0:00:01.080 --> 0:00:04.240 Welcome to you stuff you should know from house stuff 0:00:04.280 --> 0:00:12.440 Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 0:00:12.520 --> 0:00:14.960 Josh Clark, and there's Child's to w Chuck Bryant and 0:00:15.400 --> 0:00:18.520 Jerry's over there, so it's stuff you should know. Wow, 0:00:18.640 --> 0:00:23.400 it's the same energetic edition a little bit. Yeah, yeah, 0:00:23.560 --> 0:00:27.000 it's cold. I'm energized by the cold, energized and like 0:00:27.120 --> 0:00:31.880 just a little. So you're not energized, that's what we're saying. 0:00:32.360 --> 0:00:35.600 I'm a little energized. I feel like I'm fine. All right. 0:00:35.760 --> 0:00:39.080 Why do you say that because he's I'm like, you're sleepwalking. 0:00:39.200 --> 0:00:41.920 Oh really yeah? Oh I thought I was just speaking fast. 0:00:42.360 --> 0:00:45.120 Oh no, no, I thought that's why you're that's being sarcastic. 0:00:45.440 --> 0:00:47.919 I'm sorry to everybody who's sitting through this right now. 0:00:48.440 --> 0:00:50.040 I'm down in the dumps. You are right, Yeah, No, 0:00:50.159 --> 0:00:52.600 I'm fine, Okay, I'm just it's the cold. It's a 0:00:52.600 --> 0:00:55.800 little dreary outside of Today's the day it finally started 0:00:55.800 --> 0:01:00.200 to get to me. So you're ready for spring? Yes, um, 0:01:00.240 --> 0:01:02.080 Emily is ready for spring. I'm like, it's you know, 0:01:02.080 --> 0:01:04.399 it's January. She s no, No, but it's Georgia. So 0:01:04.520 --> 0:01:06.280 we could have spring in a few weeks, so it's true. 0:01:06.280 --> 0:01:08.880 We kind of had it yesterday. Um you mean. And 0:01:08.920 --> 0:01:11.640 I have been making these little bird feeders like with 0:01:11.680 --> 0:01:14.800 cookie cutters and shapes and all that stuff. I've been 0:01:14.840 --> 0:01:17.080 trying to get the physics of it down to hang 0:01:17.160 --> 0:01:20.280 them so that the birds can like land on them there, 0:01:20.400 --> 0:01:23.600 so I incorporate twigs and these things can spend a 0:01:23.600 --> 0:01:26.440 little time there. Yeah, And there's this, um, a little 0:01:26.640 --> 0:01:29.360 s ob of a squirrel that has my porch all 0:01:29.440 --> 0:01:33.480 figured out and keeps like getting these whole bird feeder cakes. 0:01:34.600 --> 0:01:36.520 And I realized, like I'm spending a lot of time 0:01:36.600 --> 0:01:39.279 like trying to thwart this squirrel figure out the physics 0:01:39.319 --> 0:01:42.920 of bird feed and I'm like, yeah, I'm ready for spring. Yeah. 0:01:42.920 --> 0:01:45.400 We have one of those cake holders for birds, but 0:01:45.480 --> 0:01:48.480 it's really a squirrel feeder. Yeah, and they eat it 0:01:48.480 --> 0:01:51.400 in like a day. Yeah. This this squirrel can eat 0:01:51.440 --> 0:01:56.480 several cakes and a mess. Yeah, all right. Cave Dwelling, 0:01:57.360 --> 0:01:59.360 I can't remember I've I've asked you before, but I 0:01:59.360 --> 0:02:02.160 don't know if you seen it. Um since I asked you, 0:02:02.200 --> 0:02:06.240 because you hadn't. Cave of Forgotten Dreams by Werner Herzel, No, 0:02:06.400 --> 0:02:09.520 I watched, well, I watched like twenty minutes of it 0:02:09.600 --> 0:02:13.079 this morning just to get the gist. You got the 0:02:13.120 --> 0:02:15.119 gist in twenty minutes. Well, I can't wait to watch 0:02:15.160 --> 0:02:17.720 the whole thing though. It's pretty much that. Yeah, but 0:02:17.720 --> 0:02:19.239 I want to watch it. We Oh, yeah, you should. 0:02:19.240 --> 0:02:21.360 It's neat. The whole thing's neat from beginning to end. 0:02:21.440 --> 0:02:25.720 But I mean, like it's a I think maybe a 0:02:25.760 --> 0:02:29.840 two hour long documentary on a cave. Yeah, and the 0:02:29.880 --> 0:02:33.320 cave art it's a phenomenal yeah, I know, the one 0:02:33.360 --> 0:02:36.960 in uh well, they're both in France, right, Yeah. The 0:02:36.960 --> 0:02:41.320 one that gets the most press is the Lasco, which 0:02:41.360 --> 0:02:44.360 is great, but this one, to me, the art is better. Well, 0:02:44.360 --> 0:02:47.640 Alasco gets more pressed because it was discovered in nineteen forty. 0:02:47.840 --> 0:02:50.520 This one that weren't Herzog did a documentary, was discovered 0:02:50.520 --> 0:02:56.000 in old year old art. It's amazing, yeah it is, 0:02:56.040 --> 0:02:59.400 and it's all spectacularly preserved. One of the benefits of 0:02:59.480 --> 0:03:04.480 discovering Lasco in ninety was that when Chauves Cave, the 0:03:04.520 --> 0:03:06.959 one that was discovered in ninety four, it's even older, 0:03:07.639 --> 0:03:10.000 was discovered, we'd already figured out a lot of stuff 0:03:10.040 --> 0:03:12.720 along the way and how to preserve it, so we 0:03:12.720 --> 0:03:15.360 could go in there and sort of, Yeah, you need 0:03:15.400 --> 0:03:17.480 to cut down in the carbon dioxide that people are 0:03:17.520 --> 0:03:21.320 breathing out herzog in there. Um, you need to cut 0:03:21.320 --> 0:03:26.440 down on flashes flash photography, because apparently flashes really do degrade. 0:03:26.919 --> 0:03:32.440 There's something called photo degradation of especially old pigments, um, 0:03:32.520 --> 0:03:36.680 and it's basically like releasing the sunlight over the course 0:03:36.720 --> 0:03:39.920 of a few milliseconds. That's one flash. But if you 0:03:39.960 --> 0:03:42.640 add up all the tourists over the years, all of 0:03:42.720 --> 0:03:45.600 a sudden, you're basically bringing the sunlight artificially into this 0:03:45.640 --> 0:03:49.280 cave and it's degrading the pigment. So there's also sorts 0:03:49.280 --> 0:03:51.920 of stuff we learned from Lascu cave. It's not being 0:03:51.920 --> 0:03:55.640 applied to Chouvet cave. Um. But yes, it is older, 0:03:55.720 --> 0:03:59.680 it is more awesome, and the very evidence of old 0:03:59.760 --> 0:04:02.560 cave paintings and all the artifacts and bones that are 0:04:02.600 --> 0:04:06.840 found in case would suggest that there, in some distant 0:04:06.880 --> 0:04:10.800 past of prehistory was a race of hominids that were 0:04:10.880 --> 0:04:15.080 cave dwelling hominids. They were a race of cave dwellers. Yeah, 0:04:15.200 --> 0:04:18.640 that must be correct, right, Ringo Star. Yeah, I saw 0:04:18.680 --> 0:04:22.479 the movie Caveman or was that a documentary? It's in 0:04:22.520 --> 0:04:25.840 a movie. Yeah, you're thinking of quests for fire. Yeah, 0:04:25.880 --> 0:04:27.840 well those are all great movies. Plan at the Cave Bear. 0:04:28.040 --> 0:04:30.760 But well I was setting you up and you you didn't. Well, 0:04:31.040 --> 0:04:37.480 no is the answer. Um. They now believe that uh, 0:04:38.520 --> 0:04:42.560 people through different periods of ancient history have dwelled in 0:04:42.600 --> 0:04:46.600 caves at times that probably didn't like set up permanent 0:04:46.640 --> 0:04:50.279 residents in caves. Yeah. And the big pivotal evidence of 0:04:50.320 --> 0:04:53.840 this is that the people who would have supposedly lived 0:04:53.839 --> 0:04:56.680 in caves at that time were all nomadic hunter gatherers. 0:04:57.120 --> 0:04:59.640 They wouldn't have been stationary for in any kind of 0:04:59.720 --> 0:05:03.000 dwell Yeah. They gotta go out and find the meat, right, 0:05:03.000 --> 0:05:05.479 So there was no such thing as a species of 0:05:05.480 --> 0:05:09.159 hominid that you could say our cavemen. Those were the caveman. 0:05:09.360 --> 0:05:11.680 All the other ones just lived. However, most of the 0:05:11.680 --> 0:05:14.000 people who are alive in what we're talking about the 0:05:14.040 --> 0:05:17.400 Paleolithic era, which went back from about two million years 0:05:17.400 --> 0:05:19.599 ago all the way up to about ten thousand years ago, 0:05:19.839 --> 0:05:24.960 that's the Paleolithic era, um were they lived in all 0:05:25.000 --> 0:05:30.480 sorts of different kinds of shelters, caves, being one of them. Sure. Yeah. Uh. 0:05:30.720 --> 0:05:33.880 One reason to go into a cave is obviously it's 0:05:33.920 --> 0:05:36.159 gonna and we've covered this is I think our third 0:05:36.800 --> 0:05:40.200 Yeah the cave Sweet Cave Sweet Yeah. Bio speleology, which 0:05:40.240 --> 0:05:43.720 is awesome, spelunking, yeah uh. And then this one cave 0:05:44.160 --> 0:05:46.800 cave followers who thought that we would do the three 0:05:46.800 --> 0:05:49.520 part series on caves ever well, and this covers cave 0:05:49.640 --> 0:05:51.839 arts such that this will probably be it, don't you 0:05:51.880 --> 0:05:54.880 think is there anything else? I can't think anything. No, 0:05:55.080 --> 0:05:59.240 not really, Nick Cave. Maybe we can find test on him. Um. 0:05:59.320 --> 0:06:02.400 So some reasons to go into a cave to begin with, obviously, 0:06:02.520 --> 0:06:05.920 is to protect yourself from the weather. I think it's 0:06:05.920 --> 0:06:09.480 probably the leading. It's raining, let's go inside that room, 0:06:09.760 --> 0:06:13.120 it's not raining in the cave. Um to protect yourself 0:06:13.120 --> 0:06:14.880 from animals, because if you go back and listen to 0:06:14.880 --> 0:06:18.920 our biospeleology, only certain animals are in caves, and not 0:06:19.000 --> 0:06:21.320 a lot of like you know, big nasty man eaters, 0:06:22.000 --> 0:06:23.840 although back then they would have run in the cave 0:06:23.880 --> 0:06:25.720 bears the plane at the cave bear. I don't know 0:06:25.880 --> 0:06:28.960 sabretooth tigers were cave dwellers, but I've seen a lot 0:06:29.040 --> 0:06:31.880 of Flintstone episodes, and from what I understand they do, 0:06:32.440 --> 0:06:35.760 they did go into caves. Of course, you would run 0:06:35.760 --> 0:06:38.520 into the proteus salamander, which you would not want to 0:06:38.560 --> 0:06:42.920 run into. Remember the three ft long eyelis salamander. White 0:06:43.200 --> 0:06:45.280 nightmares like once a week. Yeah, I don't think you 0:06:45.400 --> 0:06:48.679 do anything to you but man alive. Yeah, I wouldn't 0:06:48.680 --> 0:06:50.920 want to see that thing, Like you wake up looking 0:06:50.920 --> 0:06:55.080 face to face with that eels monster. Yeah. Yeah, but um, 0:06:55.200 --> 0:06:59.159 protection from animals, protection from weather, but protection from other 0:06:59.680 --> 0:07:02.320 peepe wasn't really a big reason. Because this is good 0:07:02.320 --> 0:07:04.000 to know. I think I kind of got along and 0:07:04.040 --> 0:07:08.760 help each other in general. Yeah, there's something called paleolithic warlessness, 0:07:08.800 --> 0:07:13.280 like the concept of war organized war is apparently only 0:07:14.520 --> 0:07:19.440 maybe twelve to sixteen thousand, eighteen thousand maybe years old. 0:07:19.640 --> 0:07:21.840 I think probably once people started getting comfy as when 0:07:21.880 --> 0:07:23.520 they started wanting to fight each other. Back then they 0:07:23.520 --> 0:07:26.160 were just trying to survive. Yeah. You know, well, there's 0:07:26.200 --> 0:07:30.560 a whole idea that agriculture and sedentary existence is what 0:07:30.720 --> 0:07:35.240 led to warfare. What that exactly? Yeah, yeah, basically, and 0:07:35.320 --> 0:07:38.400 it led to surpluses, so people fared over surplus you're 0:07:38.440 --> 0:07:40.480 starving over here, and they've got all this green over here, 0:07:40.480 --> 0:07:42.320 so you go kill all those people and take the green. 0:07:42.480 --> 0:07:44.880 We should do a history of war. That'd be good. Well, 0:07:44.880 --> 0:07:47.240 that would be good. But there were obviously there were 0:07:47.280 --> 0:07:50.000 scraps in the Paleolithic. I mean, it wasn't all like 0:07:50.120 --> 0:07:54.080 one in Roses. You tried getting along with Ron Livingston. 0:07:54.960 --> 0:07:59.760 Now it's not his name. Oh let me, everybody gets 0:07:59.760 --> 0:08:02.840 along with Ron Livingston. He's from office space, right, Yeah, 0:08:02.960 --> 0:08:08.160 you know the other guy. Yeah, Um, that's a pretty 0:08:08.160 --> 0:08:11.360 good mess up. There were scraps every now and then, 0:08:11.400 --> 0:08:14.880 like obviously over you know, territory or food or fire. 0:08:15.360 --> 0:08:17.120 But it wasn't like, hey, let's go to war with 0:08:17.160 --> 0:08:19.520 this tribe, but we don't like them or we want 0:08:19.560 --> 0:08:23.200 what they've got, because I mean, the consensus among anthropologists 0:08:23.240 --> 0:08:27.120 apparently is that wars relatively recent. It's not that ancient. 0:08:27.440 --> 0:08:29.120 It's certainly not as ancient as a lot of the 0:08:29.160 --> 0:08:35.120 cave are we run into. Yeah years, so, um, you've 0:08:35.160 --> 0:08:40.480 got shelter from the elements, protection from animals, um n, 0:08:40.559 --> 0:08:44.160 steady temperature. That's a big one. Yeah, Because the cave 0:08:44.360 --> 0:08:50.800 typically is about in the fifties fifties degrees fahrenheight. Um. Yeah, 0:08:50.960 --> 0:08:53.440 So if you are in a cave and you're living 0:08:53.480 --> 0:08:56.640 there in its summertime, you are sitting pretty If it's 0:08:56.679 --> 0:08:59.439 winter time, depending on where you are, So you're in 0:08:59.520 --> 0:09:01.720 northern you're up, You're still sitting pretty sure. All you 0:09:01.720 --> 0:09:03.040 have to do is build a little bit of a 0:09:03.040 --> 0:09:06.679 fire and I hope you don't smoke yourself out, and 0:09:06.800 --> 0:09:12.000 you are you're you're in some climate controlled luxury, especially 0:09:12.040 --> 0:09:15.200 for the Stone Age. Yeah, you know. Uh, one reason 0:09:15.240 --> 0:09:18.240 that everyone didn't live in caves, and this is something 0:09:18.320 --> 0:09:20.360 I learned when I went on my caving experience, which 0:09:20.400 --> 0:09:23.520 is detailed in the speed Lunking episode, is that even 0:09:23.520 --> 0:09:25.920 though there's tons of caves, not a ton of caves 0:09:25.920 --> 0:09:28.200 are like great to live in. Like a lot of 0:09:28.200 --> 0:09:30.520 them you might walk right past because it's just a 0:09:30.520 --> 0:09:32.400 hole in the ground. You have no idea there's an 0:09:32.440 --> 0:09:36.240 underground cavern. A lot of them are inaccessible. Um, a 0:09:36.280 --> 0:09:39.200 lot of them have our active so that means they 0:09:39.240 --> 0:09:45.720 have water, which isn't super hospitable inactive cave. Yeah, it'll flood. Yeah, 0:09:46.360 --> 0:09:47.960 you don't want to be in there when it flood. Yeah, 0:09:47.960 --> 0:09:50.240 they're just not like generally they're not like these huge 0:09:50.280 --> 0:09:53.240 cavernous like, oh, it's a big underground home. Well. Plus, 0:09:53.280 --> 0:09:56.199 also there's a lot of gravel slopes, which if you 0:09:56.280 --> 0:09:59.079 stand on them you can fall and die. You learn 0:09:59.120 --> 0:10:02.240 that pretty quick. Yeah, there's lots of different exits and 0:10:02.400 --> 0:10:04.640 entrances and shafts and things like that. They can be 0:10:04.720 --> 0:10:07.480 misleading and confuse you and from dark get you lost 0:10:07.520 --> 0:10:11.000 to your death. Yeah, apparently just a couple of dozen feet. 0:10:11.040 --> 0:10:13.720 I don't remember. There's the light zone, the twilight zone 0:10:13.720 --> 0:10:16.840 in the dark zone, and I don't remember where the 0:10:16.880 --> 0:10:19.480 twilight zone ends in the dark zone begins. But once 0:10:19.480 --> 0:10:22.439 that dark zone begins, there's no light, like no light. 0:10:22.720 --> 0:10:24.120 And like you said, you can't just start a bunch 0:10:24.120 --> 0:10:28.280 of fires because you can die from smoking yourself out. Yeah, 0:10:28.440 --> 0:10:31.680 you can hit your head on stalag tights. That's true. 0:10:32.280 --> 0:10:34.120 So it's not the most common thing to find like 0:10:34.160 --> 0:10:36.920 a great cave for ten or twelve people to live in, 0:10:37.480 --> 0:10:39.200 but when they found them and they needed them, they 0:10:39.240 --> 0:10:43.400 would dwell in them, right and um. Again, that's one reason, 0:10:43.679 --> 0:10:46.440 for several reasons why people didn't just live in caves 0:10:46.480 --> 0:10:48.440 all the time. But another reason is because they knew 0:10:48.440 --> 0:10:51.640 of other ways to live. They could um stretch animal 0:10:51.720 --> 0:10:56.760 hides over structures. They built earth and dwellings where they 0:10:56.760 --> 0:10:58.760 would build like a lean to or something and then 0:10:58.800 --> 0:11:01.520 pack earth over it, which is another way to control 0:11:01.600 --> 0:11:05.199 the climate or temperature in that little dwelling. And again 0:11:05.240 --> 0:11:07.760 they were nomadic. They were following herds of bison and 0:11:08.480 --> 0:11:12.600 mammoths and um, you know, it's a big, beautiful world too, 0:11:12.720 --> 0:11:15.040 Let's not forget. Yeah, like, why would you want to 0:11:15.040 --> 0:11:17.280 go live in a cave your entire life when you've 0:11:17.280 --> 0:11:20.440 got the run of the place of planet Earth and 0:11:20.640 --> 0:11:22.800 all it has to offer. You know, if there was 0:11:23.080 --> 0:11:28.840 a hominid uh that could be considered cave dwellers, though 0:11:29.480 --> 0:11:32.679 it would probably be the Neanderthals. As we understand right now, 0:11:32.920 --> 0:11:35.680 it wasn't too terribly long ago that we discovered a 0:11:35.720 --> 0:11:41.199 new species of um human ancestor well, at least they 0:11:41.200 --> 0:11:45.480 were contemporary with modern humans. Uh, the dennis Ovans. Oh 0:11:45.520 --> 0:11:51.120 who is that? Um? They they were there type of 0:11:51.120 --> 0:11:56.439 Hamainid that lived in the thirty fifty thousand years ago 0:11:56.480 --> 0:11:59.800 at the latest, I think maybe. And um, there's a 0:12:00.040 --> 0:12:05.440 cave in Croatia I believe where they discovered a moler 0:12:05.679 --> 0:12:09.120 and they thought, well, no, they discovered a fingerbone and 0:12:09.160 --> 0:12:11.600 they thought it was Neanderthal or human, and they ran 0:12:11.640 --> 0:12:14.199 the DNA tests and they're like, uh, this is neither. 0:12:14.760 --> 0:12:17.960 What is this? So they named it it's a Dennisova 0:12:18.040 --> 0:12:21.679 cave or dennis cave, one of the two. And they 0:12:21.760 --> 0:12:26.840 named this new species of hominid A the dennis Ovans. 0:12:26.920 --> 0:12:29.640 And then they looked at the human genome and they're like, oh, well, 0:12:29.679 --> 0:12:32.000 apparently in are bred with them because we have a 0:12:32.080 --> 0:12:35.199 little bit of Dennis Ovan and all of us for 0:12:35.360 --> 0:12:39.120 most of us. Yeah, people who um stayed in Africa 0:12:39.440 --> 0:12:44.280 and didn't disperse like Neanderthals or other modern humans too, 0:12:44.960 --> 0:12:48.640 apparently didn't have the opportunity to mix with Denisovans or Neanderthals. 0:12:48.840 --> 0:12:53.360 So typically people of European descent Native American descent, they 0:12:53.360 --> 0:12:57.040 will have um Neanderthal and Denisovan in them. But there's 0:12:57.240 --> 0:13:01.240 this cave in Croatia has evidence that these Neanderthals, humans 0:13:01.240 --> 0:13:05.040 and dennis Ovans possibly shared these caves at the same time. 0:13:05.160 --> 0:13:07.679 Isn't that crazy they did. Yeah, they didn't necessarily sit 0:13:07.720 --> 0:13:11.240 around a camp fire with one another, but they they 0:13:11.600 --> 0:13:14.320 may have been using the cave within you know, the 0:13:14.400 --> 0:13:16.680 same year or something like that, depending on the season. 0:13:17.160 --> 0:13:20.280 Pictured them making s'mores and say, how do you get 0:13:20.280 --> 0:13:22.440 your backs so straight? But I mean think about it. 0:13:22.480 --> 0:13:26.880 If they were breeding, you know, then maybe it wasn't 0:13:26.880 --> 0:13:29.800 those caves. Jerry either laughed at that or she's choking 0:13:29.840 --> 0:13:34.440 on something food or both perhaps. Uh So, Yeah, the 0:13:34.480 --> 0:13:39.920 Neanderthal was um all over Europe and during a glacial period, 0:13:39.960 --> 0:13:42.720 so obviously they got harsh climates, so they might want 0:13:42.720 --> 0:13:45.480 to poke into a cave every now and then and 0:13:45.559 --> 0:13:49.400 warm up. Um. And there are a couple of strategies 0:13:49.600 --> 0:13:53.760 that archaeologists believe we're used back then, the circulating mobility 0:13:53.800 --> 0:13:58.240 and radiating mobility, and circulating was um. And I kind 0:13:58.240 --> 0:14:00.920 of like this idea is had several temporary camps kind 0:14:00.920 --> 0:14:03.520 of scattered all over a region, and it's kind of 0:14:03.559 --> 0:14:05.960 like just having different homes and you would just go 0:14:06.040 --> 0:14:07.679 from place to place and live in your little home 0:14:07.720 --> 0:14:11.719 and hunt and gather. Uh or it's the same thing 0:14:11.720 --> 0:14:15.880 the ultra wealthy dude today exactly. Or radiating mobility is 0:14:15.880 --> 0:14:17.960 when you had one main camp and you would just 0:14:18.000 --> 0:14:20.880 go out as far as you could to hunt and gather. 0:14:21.000 --> 0:14:23.200 From that camp, right, so you had other shelters along 0:14:23.240 --> 0:14:26.720 the way. I don't know. I thought the radiating mobility 0:14:26.800 --> 0:14:28.880 was just the one camp and you came and went 0:14:28.960 --> 0:14:31.520 to that camp every day and that was the difference. 0:14:32.760 --> 0:14:36.840 Is that right? It's possible. I think that's right. Um. 0:14:36.880 --> 0:14:39.000 And apparently some of these camps were in fact caves 0:14:39.080 --> 0:14:43.320 at times, so they were using caves for sure. They 0:14:43.320 --> 0:14:48.560 were um doing something else too. Uh they were creating, 0:14:48.560 --> 0:14:52.040 aren't in these caves? Boy were they? Which has people 0:14:52.320 --> 0:14:56.040 um baffled as to exactly what was going on? What's 0:14:56.040 --> 0:14:57.800 the deal, what the heck is all this for? But 0:14:58.120 --> 0:15:00.120 before we get into that, you want to, um, you 0:15:00.120 --> 0:15:08.320 want to take a message break alright, cave art and 0:15:08.360 --> 0:15:10.800 if you have in your mind a cave art is 0:15:10.880 --> 0:15:14.800 like super primitive, like you know, is that a buffalo 0:15:14.920 --> 0:15:17.920 or is that a giraffe? You should go just google 0:15:18.640 --> 0:15:22.560 the cave art in those two caves especially oh yeah, 0:15:22.720 --> 0:15:27.200 Calvett Calvet. Yeah. One of the things that Herzog talks 0:15:27.240 --> 0:15:30.360 about that they figured out, if I remember correctly, is 0:15:30.400 --> 0:15:36.040 that the torchlight, the flickering torchlight, produces movement of these animals. 0:15:36.600 --> 0:15:39.240 And um, they think they're they're wondering whether that was 0:15:39.280 --> 0:15:41.560 like intentional or not, and they think it probably was 0:15:41.560 --> 0:15:46.280 intentional before they make a little movie. Interesting, but it's 0:15:46.320 --> 0:15:52.200 like legit art and legit talented painters. Yeah, when you 0:15:52.200 --> 0:15:55.680 look at this this stuff, it's pretty amazing. They hadn't 0:15:55.720 --> 0:16:00.000 discovered um perspective yet, so it's all flat two dimensions 0:16:01.720 --> 0:16:04.240 but um. First of all, they're creating these things in 0:16:04.360 --> 0:16:09.680 utter dark by torchlight. Yeah, using earthen pigments like ochre 0:16:09.880 --> 0:16:14.520 for yellows and oranges, um, charcoal, charcoal for black was 0:16:14.560 --> 0:16:19.160 the red one. I think for red they used iron 0:16:19.200 --> 0:16:24.040 oxide and they use charcoal and manganese for black. They're 0:16:24.120 --> 0:16:29.240 using very very primitive brushes in the dictionary sense of 0:16:29.240 --> 0:16:34.480 the word. Yeah, or there early airbrush artists essentially, because 0:16:34.480 --> 0:16:40.119 they're blowing this pigment through a h a tube tube 0:16:40.400 --> 0:16:43.560 or just out of their mouth right onto the walls. Yeah. 0:16:43.920 --> 0:16:46.160 And then they're also using their hands in their fingers. 0:16:46.160 --> 0:16:49.440 But you're right, man, there are some especially when you 0:16:49.480 --> 0:16:52.160 take all of this in to consideration, Yeah, it makes 0:16:52.200 --> 0:16:55.400 some of the art that was made just staggering. Apparently 0:16:55.440 --> 0:16:59.120 they would use to some of the uh texture of 0:16:59.160 --> 0:17:02.120 the cave itself, if there was an indentation or not 0:17:02.120 --> 0:17:06.119 an indentation, but what stops have been indentation. Yeah, if 0:17:06.119 --> 0:17:08.359 there was a bump that looked like a rhino horn, 0:17:08.800 --> 0:17:12.120 they would incorporate that as the rhino horn. And all 0:17:12.119 --> 0:17:14.680 of a sudden you had I mean it's not quite 0:17:14.760 --> 0:17:18.600 three D, but it's definitely more than flat. Yeah. Right, 0:17:18.640 --> 0:17:21.360 you know they're like, it's not perspective, but it's gonna 0:17:21.440 --> 0:17:26.080 have to do. Uh. They now have evidence in some 0:17:26.160 --> 0:17:29.159 of these thirty thousand year old caves of scaffolding that 0:17:29.240 --> 0:17:31.800 they would use. I hadn't seen that. Yeah, it's pretty 0:17:31.840 --> 0:17:36.680 cool and um principles of stenciling, early principles of stinciling. 0:17:37.320 --> 0:17:43.080 And apparently when uh Picasso visited lescal he said to 0:17:43.119 --> 0:17:46.719 his guide, they've invented everything, and he was just like 0:17:46.840 --> 0:17:51.600 blown away, like I'm just copying these early hominids. It's 0:17:51.600 --> 0:17:54.919 pretty amazing. It's about right too. Yeah, and actually I 0:17:54.920 --> 0:17:58.119 don't know Picasso's all right, but some of these cavell 0:17:58.480 --> 0:18:01.800 they haven't beat maybe. Yeah, they didn't look funny, they 0:18:01.800 --> 0:18:04.960 didn't have one eye, and they didn't wear burraiths. Um. 0:18:05.040 --> 0:18:08.840 So most of the subjects of cave paintings that have 0:18:08.920 --> 0:18:12.240 been discovered so far, and there could be tons and 0:18:12.320 --> 0:18:15.960 tons of undiscovered caves like the one at Chauve wasn't 0:18:15.960 --> 0:18:20.600 discovered until because at some point in the past a 0:18:20.720 --> 0:18:24.480 rock fall happened and closed the cave off to view 0:18:24.840 --> 0:18:27.760 and was just happened to be discovered by some hikers. Man, 0:18:27.840 --> 0:18:30.920 can you imagine being the person that discovered that. It 0:18:30.960 --> 0:18:35.879 would have been pretty cool. Um. So, most of the 0:18:35.880 --> 0:18:39.119 cave art that has been discovered so far, it depicts 0:18:39.400 --> 0:18:44.480 hert animals. Yeah, animals by and large. There herd animals 0:18:44.520 --> 0:18:50.160 are bison, their buffalo there, um, mammoths, things like that. Um, 0:18:50.280 --> 0:18:54.960 there's very few images of vegetation, very few images of humans. 0:18:55.600 --> 0:18:58.240 The images of humans there are tend to be things 0:18:58.280 --> 0:19:02.480 like fertility idols like Yeah, and there's a theory out 0:19:02.520 --> 0:19:07.320 there that those were painted by adolescent boys. Yeah, as 0:19:07.359 --> 0:19:12.320 like basically early you know, club magazine or something. And uh, 0:19:12.960 --> 0:19:15.720 that may or may not be correct, especially when they 0:19:15.720 --> 0:19:19.120 found that in France and Spain a lot and possibly 0:19:19.119 --> 0:19:21.840 the majority of cave art was done by females. They 0:19:21.920 --> 0:19:26.800 recently discovered you know, the hand ones, handprints. They figured 0:19:26.800 --> 0:19:30.800 out recently that most of those are female hands because 0:19:30.800 --> 0:19:33.720 of the they they give away of the sixth finger 0:19:33.880 --> 0:19:38.359 that only females that. Um, there's an article that I 0:19:38.400 --> 0:19:41.560 can recommend that actually is what inspired Berner Hertzog to 0:19:41.600 --> 0:19:45.439 make his documentary called First Impressions. Uh. It was in 0:19:45.440 --> 0:19:47.719 The New Yorker in two thousand eight by Judith Thurman, 0:19:48.280 --> 0:19:52.600 and it's super awesome and uh, she basically says there's 0:19:52.640 --> 0:19:56.040 a couple of camps when it comes to cave art experts. Ah, 0:19:56.800 --> 0:19:59.679 those who can't resist advancing a theory about the art, 0:20:00.359 --> 0:20:03.120 and then those who say there never will be enough 0:20:03.160 --> 0:20:05.480 evidence to support one, so you're all just sort of 0:20:05.640 --> 0:20:08.320 making up these theories. Yeah. I think that's healthy. That 0:20:08.520 --> 0:20:11.080 second camp is much healthier because it is all theories. 0:20:11.119 --> 0:20:13.120 But I like the theories, so yeah, And I don't 0:20:13.119 --> 0:20:15.399 think we should just be like, we'll never understand that, 0:20:15.520 --> 0:20:17.879 so let's not even try. Yeah. I think we should 0:20:17.880 --> 0:20:20.240 just remember that when we are trying to understand them, 0:20:20.240 --> 0:20:23.359 they're all just guesses, and not even really educated guesses 0:20:23.400 --> 0:20:27.040 at that. Yeah. I think my theory of why there 0:20:27.080 --> 0:20:30.800 are animals mostly is because it was super important to 0:20:30.880 --> 0:20:35.560 their survival and maybe it was you know, uh, some 0:20:35.680 --> 0:20:39.440 communication to leave for another person later or to each other. Maybe. Yeah, 0:20:39.520 --> 0:20:42.200 it could be there's lots of buffalo in this area, 0:20:42.320 --> 0:20:47.000 so get to hunting, or don't hunt these guys because 0:20:47.160 --> 0:20:49.119 I just killed a bunch of them by forcing them 0:20:49.119 --> 0:20:51.920 off a cliff. It was awesome, by the way, to see, 0:20:52.320 --> 0:20:54.080 but there's not that many left and we need them 0:20:54.119 --> 0:20:56.480 to keep reading. Or I'm an eight year old the 0:20:56.560 --> 0:21:02.680 interthal and yeah, here's an make a buffalo for your pleasure. Uh. 0:21:02.720 --> 0:21:05.840 There's also lots of theories that these things were um 0:21:05.960 --> 0:21:09.679 supernatural somehow, like they were trying to invoke the animal 0:21:09.840 --> 0:21:13.080 spirit for a successful hunt or gain some sort of 0:21:13.119 --> 0:21:17.439 power by creating an image of the animal um. And 0:21:17.480 --> 0:21:19.520 it could have also just been like, this is what 0:21:19.840 --> 0:21:22.640 I see in my everyday life, and I have this 0:21:23.440 --> 0:21:27.320 desire to create art. So that's that's the subject I'm 0:21:27.320 --> 0:21:30.439 gonna make. Is this animal that I am thinking about 0:21:30.480 --> 0:21:33.200 a lot because I have to hunt it for sustenance. Yeah, 0:21:33.240 --> 0:21:36.960 that makes a conversion between this innate desire and the 0:21:37.000 --> 0:21:42.679 everyday life. And that's bison on cave walls. Well, some 0:21:42.720 --> 0:21:46.119 of them are pretty detailed, and uh, some are life size. 0:21:46.640 --> 0:21:48.280 It's like they really took a lot of time. It 0:21:48.320 --> 0:21:51.840 wasn't something they just dashed off in a matter of hours. 0:21:51.920 --> 0:21:54.440 And they're using these torches too, are not like it's 0:21:54.440 --> 0:21:58.480 not like a modern electric torch known as a flashlight also, 0:21:59.000 --> 0:22:02.480 but um, they're like stone torches with like a little 0:22:02.720 --> 0:22:04.960 divid in the top. It's some animal fat put in 0:22:05.000 --> 0:22:07.520 there and then they light the animal fat, which I'm 0:22:07.520 --> 0:22:11.680 sure in and of itself is quite a task. Um. 0:22:11.760 --> 0:22:14.879 But so yeah, there was there was a lot of 0:22:15.160 --> 0:22:19.560 effort put into this, a lot of detail. Gathering the pigments, 0:22:19.600 --> 0:22:22.120 I'm sure wasn't an easy feat, especially if you're doing 0:22:22.160 --> 0:22:24.680 like a life size bison. How long did it take 0:22:24.720 --> 0:22:27.680 to gather all that? Ochre Sure it's not a quick thing. 0:22:29.000 --> 0:22:33.119 And it's not just paintings. They found a jewelry and 0:22:33.359 --> 0:22:35.680 other like engrave bone and ivory, and they think they 0:22:35.720 --> 0:22:39.040 probably engraved wood too, but that obviously wouldn't survive that long. 0:22:39.720 --> 0:22:43.119 But um, they suggest early religious belief and that they 0:22:43.119 --> 0:22:46.520 think they might have buried people with some of these things. Yeah, so, 0:22:47.320 --> 0:22:52.040 like it's amazing stuff. And unfortunately when there's no written history, 0:22:52.560 --> 0:22:55.639 there's a lot of speculation. But it just I don't know, 0:22:55.680 --> 0:22:58.280 it's fascinating to me. Well, yeah, you know, and their 0:22:58.320 --> 0:23:00.679 their history has been largely lost. It just happens to 0:23:00.680 --> 0:23:03.000 be preserved in the caves. But since they weren't just 0:23:03.040 --> 0:23:06.240 as strictly cave dwelling society, we're only seeing a portion 0:23:06.440 --> 0:23:10.000 of their culture because the rest of it was in 0:23:10.119 --> 0:23:13.439 animal skin shelters and earthen lean twos that have been 0:23:13.560 --> 0:23:15.879 totally lost because they were exposed to the elements the 0:23:16.160 --> 0:23:20.240