1 00:00:01,080 --> 00:00:04,240 Speaker 1: Welcome to you stuff you should know from house stuff 2 00:00:04,280 --> 00:00:12,440 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 3 00:00:12,520 --> 00:00:14,960 Speaker 1: Josh Clark, and there's Child's to w Chuck Bryant and 4 00:00:15,400 --> 00:00:18,520 Speaker 1: Jerry's over there, so it's stuff you should know. Wow, 5 00:00:18,640 --> 00:00:23,400 Speaker 1: it's the same energetic edition a little bit. Yeah, yeah, 6 00:00:23,560 --> 00:00:27,000 Speaker 1: it's cold. I'm energized by the cold, energized and like 7 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:31,880 Speaker 1: just a little. So you're not energized, that's what we're saying. 8 00:00:32,360 --> 00:00:35,600 Speaker 1: I'm a little energized. I feel like I'm fine. All right. 9 00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:39,080 Speaker 1: Why do you say that because he's I'm like, you're sleepwalking. 10 00:00:39,200 --> 00:00:41,920 Speaker 1: Oh really yeah? Oh I thought I was just speaking fast. 11 00:00:42,360 --> 00:00:45,120 Speaker 1: Oh no, no, I thought that's why you're that's being sarcastic. 12 00:00:45,440 --> 00:00:47,919 Speaker 1: I'm sorry to everybody who's sitting through this right now. 13 00:00:48,440 --> 00:00:50,040 Speaker 1: I'm down in the dumps. You are right, Yeah, No, 14 00:00:50,159 --> 00:00:52,600 Speaker 1: I'm fine, Okay, I'm just it's the cold. It's a 15 00:00:52,600 --> 00:00:55,800 Speaker 1: little dreary outside of Today's the day it finally started 16 00:00:55,800 --> 00:01:00,200 Speaker 1: to get to me. So you're ready for spring? Yes, um, 17 00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:02,080 Speaker 1: Emily is ready for spring. I'm like, it's you know, 18 00:01:02,080 --> 00:01:04,399 Speaker 1: it's January. She s no, No, but it's Georgia. So 19 00:01:04,520 --> 00:01:06,280 Speaker 1: we could have spring in a few weeks, so it's true. 20 00:01:06,280 --> 00:01:08,880 Speaker 1: We kind of had it yesterday. Um you mean. And 21 00:01:08,920 --> 00:01:11,640 Speaker 1: I have been making these little bird feeders like with 22 00:01:11,680 --> 00:01:14,800 Speaker 1: cookie cutters and shapes and all that stuff. I've been 23 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:17,080 Speaker 1: trying to get the physics of it down to hang 24 00:01:17,160 --> 00:01:20,280 Speaker 1: them so that the birds can like land on them there, 25 00:01:20,400 --> 00:01:23,600 Speaker 1: so I incorporate twigs and these things can spend a 26 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:26,440 Speaker 1: little time there. Yeah, And there's this, um, a little 27 00:01:26,640 --> 00:01:29,360 Speaker 1: s ob of a squirrel that has my porch all 28 00:01:29,440 --> 00:01:33,480 Speaker 1: figured out and keeps like getting these whole bird feeder cakes. 29 00:01:34,600 --> 00:01:36,520 Speaker 1: And I realized, like I'm spending a lot of time 30 00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:39,279 Speaker 1: like trying to thwart this squirrel figure out the physics 31 00:01:39,319 --> 00:01:42,920 Speaker 1: of bird feed and I'm like, yeah, I'm ready for spring. Yeah. 32 00:01:42,920 --> 00:01:45,400 Speaker 1: We have one of those cake holders for birds, but 33 00:01:45,480 --> 00:01:48,480 Speaker 1: it's really a squirrel feeder. Yeah, and they eat it 34 00:01:48,480 --> 00:01:51,400 Speaker 1: in like a day. Yeah. This this squirrel can eat 35 00:01:51,440 --> 00:01:56,480 Speaker 1: several cakes and a mess. Yeah, all right. Cave Dwelling, 36 00:01:57,360 --> 00:01:59,360 Speaker 1: I can't remember I've I've asked you before, but I 37 00:01:59,360 --> 00:02:02,160 Speaker 1: don't know if you seen it. Um since I asked you, 38 00:02:02,200 --> 00:02:06,240 Speaker 1: because you hadn't. Cave of Forgotten Dreams by Werner Herzel, No, 39 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:09,520 Speaker 1: I watched, well, I watched like twenty minutes of it 40 00:02:09,600 --> 00:02:13,079 Speaker 1: this morning just to get the gist. You got the 41 00:02:13,120 --> 00:02:15,119 Speaker 1: gist in twenty minutes. Well, I can't wait to watch 42 00:02:15,160 --> 00:02:17,720 Speaker 1: the whole thing though. It's pretty much that. Yeah, but 43 00:02:17,720 --> 00:02:19,239 Speaker 1: I want to watch it. We Oh, yeah, you should. 44 00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:21,360 Speaker 1: It's neat. The whole thing's neat from beginning to end. 45 00:02:21,440 --> 00:02:25,720 Speaker 1: But I mean, like it's a I think maybe a 46 00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:29,840 Speaker 1: two hour long documentary on a cave. Yeah, and the 47 00:02:29,880 --> 00:02:33,320 Speaker 1: cave art it's a phenomenal yeah, I know, the one 48 00:02:33,360 --> 00:02:36,960 Speaker 1: in uh well, they're both in France, right, Yeah. The 49 00:02:36,960 --> 00:02:41,320 Speaker 1: one that gets the most press is the Lasco, which 50 00:02:41,360 --> 00:02:44,360 Speaker 1: is great, but this one, to me, the art is better. Well, 51 00:02:44,360 --> 00:02:47,640 Speaker 1: Alasco gets more pressed because it was discovered in nineteen forty. 52 00:02:47,840 --> 00:02:50,520 Speaker 1: This one that weren't Herzog did a documentary, was discovered 53 00:02:50,520 --> 00:02:56,000 Speaker 1: in old year old art. It's amazing, yeah it is, 54 00:02:56,040 --> 00:02:59,400 Speaker 1: and it's all spectacularly preserved. One of the benefits of 55 00:02:59,480 --> 00:03:04,480 Speaker 1: discovering Lasco in ninety was that when Chauves Cave, the 56 00:03:04,520 --> 00:03:06,959 Speaker 1: one that was discovered in ninety four, it's even older, 57 00:03:07,639 --> 00:03:10,000 Speaker 1: was discovered, we'd already figured out a lot of stuff 58 00:03:10,040 --> 00:03:12,720 Speaker 1: along the way and how to preserve it, so we 59 00:03:12,720 --> 00:03:15,360 Speaker 1: could go in there and sort of, Yeah, you need 60 00:03:15,400 --> 00:03:17,480 Speaker 1: to cut down in the carbon dioxide that people are 61 00:03:17,520 --> 00:03:21,320 Speaker 1: breathing out herzog in there. Um, you need to cut 62 00:03:21,320 --> 00:03:26,440 Speaker 1: down on flashes flash photography, because apparently flashes really do degrade. 63 00:03:26,919 --> 00:03:32,440 Speaker 1: There's something called photo degradation of especially old pigments, um, 64 00:03:32,520 --> 00:03:36,680 Speaker 1: and it's basically like releasing the sunlight over the course 65 00:03:36,720 --> 00:03:39,920 Speaker 1: of a few milliseconds. That's one flash. But if you 66 00:03:39,960 --> 00:03:42,640 Speaker 1: add up all the tourists over the years, all of 67 00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:45,600 Speaker 1: a sudden, you're basically bringing the sunlight artificially into this 68 00:03:45,640 --> 00:03:49,280 Speaker 1: cave and it's degrading the pigment. So there's also sorts 69 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:51,920 Speaker 1: of stuff we learned from Lascu cave. It's not being 70 00:03:51,920 --> 00:03:55,640 Speaker 1: applied to Chouvet cave. Um. But yes, it is older, 71 00:03:55,720 --> 00:03:59,680 Speaker 1: it is more awesome, and the very evidence of old 72 00:03:59,760 --> 00:04:02,560 Speaker 1: cave paintings and all the artifacts and bones that are 73 00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:06,840 Speaker 1: found in case would suggest that there, in some distant 74 00:04:06,880 --> 00:04:10,800 Speaker 1: past of prehistory was a race of hominids that were 75 00:04:10,880 --> 00:04:15,080 Speaker 1: cave dwelling hominids. They were a race of cave dwellers. Yeah, 76 00:04:15,200 --> 00:04:18,640 Speaker 1: that must be correct, right, Ringo Star. Yeah, I saw 77 00:04:18,680 --> 00:04:22,479 Speaker 1: the movie Caveman or was that a documentary? It's in 78 00:04:22,520 --> 00:04:25,840 Speaker 1: a movie. Yeah, you're thinking of quests for fire. Yeah, 79 00:04:25,880 --> 00:04:27,840 Speaker 1: well those are all great movies. Plan at the Cave Bear. 80 00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:30,760 Speaker 1: But well I was setting you up and you you didn't. Well, 81 00:04:31,040 --> 00:04:37,480 Speaker 1: no is the answer. Um. They now believe that uh, 82 00:04:38,520 --> 00:04:42,560 Speaker 1: people through different periods of ancient history have dwelled in 83 00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:46,600 Speaker 1: caves at times that probably didn't like set up permanent 84 00:04:46,640 --> 00:04:50,279 Speaker 1: residents in caves. Yeah. And the big pivotal evidence of 85 00:04:50,320 --> 00:04:53,840 Speaker 1: this is that the people who would have supposedly lived 86 00:04:53,839 --> 00:04:56,680 Speaker 1: in caves at that time were all nomadic hunter gatherers. 87 00:04:57,120 --> 00:04:59,640 Speaker 1: They wouldn't have been stationary for in any kind of 88 00:04:59,720 --> 00:05:03,000 Speaker 1: dwell Yeah. They gotta go out and find the meat, right, 89 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:05,479 Speaker 1: So there was no such thing as a species of 90 00:05:05,480 --> 00:05:09,159 Speaker 1: hominid that you could say our cavemen. Those were the caveman. 91 00:05:09,360 --> 00:05:11,680 Speaker 1: All the other ones just lived. However, most of the 92 00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:14,000 Speaker 1: people who are alive in what we're talking about the 93 00:05:14,040 --> 00:05:17,400 Speaker 1: Paleolithic era, which went back from about two million years 94 00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:19,599 Speaker 1: ago all the way up to about ten thousand years ago, 95 00:05:19,839 --> 00:05:24,960 Speaker 1: that's the Paleolithic era, um were they lived in all 96 00:05:25,000 --> 00:05:30,480 Speaker 1: sorts of different kinds of shelters, caves, being one of them. Sure. Yeah. Uh. 97 00:05:30,720 --> 00:05:33,880 Speaker 1: One reason to go into a cave is obviously it's 98 00:05:33,920 --> 00:05:36,159 Speaker 1: gonna and we've covered this is I think our third 99 00:05:36,800 --> 00:05:40,200 Speaker 1: Yeah the cave Sweet Cave Sweet Yeah. Bio speleology, which 100 00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:43,720 Speaker 1: is awesome, spelunking, yeah uh. And then this one cave 101 00:05:44,160 --> 00:05:46,800 Speaker 1: cave followers who thought that we would do the three 102 00:05:46,800 --> 00:05:49,520 Speaker 1: part series on caves ever well, and this covers cave 103 00:05:49,640 --> 00:05:51,839 Speaker 1: arts such that this will probably be it, don't you 104 00:05:51,880 --> 00:05:54,880 Speaker 1: think is there anything else? I can't think anything. No, 105 00:05:55,080 --> 00:05:59,240 Speaker 1: not really, Nick Cave. Maybe we can find test on him. Um. 106 00:05:59,320 --> 00:06:02,400 Speaker 1: So some reasons to go into a cave to begin with, obviously, 107 00:06:02,520 --> 00:06:05,920 Speaker 1: is to protect yourself from the weather. I think it's 108 00:06:05,920 --> 00:06:09,480 Speaker 1: probably the leading. It's raining, let's go inside that room, 109 00:06:09,760 --> 00:06:13,120 Speaker 1: it's not raining in the cave. Um to protect yourself 110 00:06:13,120 --> 00:06:14,880 Speaker 1: from animals, because if you go back and listen to 111 00:06:14,880 --> 00:06:18,920 Speaker 1: our biospeleology, only certain animals are in caves, and not 112 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:21,320 Speaker 1: a lot of like you know, big nasty man eaters, 113 00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:23,840 Speaker 1: although back then they would have run in the cave 114 00:06:23,880 --> 00:06:25,720 Speaker 1: bears the plane at the cave bear. I don't know 115 00:06:25,880 --> 00:06:28,960 Speaker 1: sabretooth tigers were cave dwellers, but I've seen a lot 116 00:06:29,040 --> 00:06:31,880 Speaker 1: of Flintstone episodes, and from what I understand they do, 117 00:06:32,440 --> 00:06:35,760 Speaker 1: they did go into caves. Of course, you would run 118 00:06:35,760 --> 00:06:38,520 Speaker 1: into the proteus salamander, which you would not want to 119 00:06:38,560 --> 00:06:42,920 Speaker 1: run into. Remember the three ft long eyelis salamander. White 120 00:06:43,200 --> 00:06:45,280 Speaker 1: nightmares like once a week. Yeah, I don't think you 121 00:06:45,400 --> 00:06:48,679 Speaker 1: do anything to you but man alive. Yeah, I wouldn't 122 00:06:48,680 --> 00:06:50,920 Speaker 1: want to see that thing, Like you wake up looking 123 00:06:50,920 --> 00:06:55,080 Speaker 1: face to face with that eels monster. Yeah. Yeah, but um, 124 00:06:55,200 --> 00:06:59,159 Speaker 1: protection from animals, protection from weather, but protection from other 125 00:06:59,680 --> 00:07:02,320 Speaker 1: peepe wasn't really a big reason. Because this is good 126 00:07:02,320 --> 00:07:04,000 Speaker 1: to know. I think I kind of got along and 127 00:07:04,040 --> 00:07:08,760 Speaker 1: help each other in general. Yeah, there's something called paleolithic warlessness, 128 00:07:08,800 --> 00:07:13,280 Speaker 1: like the concept of war organized war is apparently only 129 00:07:14,520 --> 00:07:19,440 Speaker 1: maybe twelve to sixteen thousand, eighteen thousand maybe years old. 130 00:07:19,640 --> 00:07:21,840 Speaker 1: I think probably once people started getting comfy as when 131 00:07:21,880 --> 00:07:23,520 Speaker 1: they started wanting to fight each other. Back then they 132 00:07:23,520 --> 00:07:26,160 Speaker 1: were just trying to survive. Yeah. You know, well, there's 133 00:07:26,200 --> 00:07:30,560 Speaker 1: a whole idea that agriculture and sedentary existence is what 134 00:07:30,720 --> 00:07:35,240 Speaker 1: led to warfare. What that exactly? Yeah, yeah, basically, and 135 00:07:35,320 --> 00:07:38,400 Speaker 1: it led to surpluses, so people fared over surplus you're 136 00:07:38,440 --> 00:07:40,480 Speaker 1: starving over here, and they've got all this green over here, 137 00:07:40,480 --> 00:07:42,320 Speaker 1: so you go kill all those people and take the green. 138 00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:44,880 Speaker 1: We should do a history of war. That'd be good. Well, 139 00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:47,240 Speaker 1: that would be good. But there were obviously there were 140 00:07:47,280 --> 00:07:50,000 Speaker 1: scraps in the Paleolithic. I mean, it wasn't all like 141 00:07:50,120 --> 00:07:54,080 Speaker 1: one in Roses. You tried getting along with Ron Livingston. 142 00:07:54,960 --> 00:07:59,760 Speaker 1: Now it's not his name. Oh let me, everybody gets 143 00:07:59,760 --> 00:08:02,840 Speaker 1: along with Ron Livingston. He's from office space, right, Yeah, 144 00:08:02,960 --> 00:08:08,160 Speaker 1: you know the other guy. Yeah, Um, that's a pretty 145 00:08:08,160 --> 00:08:11,360 Speaker 1: good mess up. There were scraps every now and then, 146 00:08:11,400 --> 00:08:14,880 Speaker 1: like obviously over you know, territory or food or fire. 147 00:08:15,360 --> 00:08:17,120 Speaker 1: But it wasn't like, hey, let's go to war with 148 00:08:17,160 --> 00:08:19,520 Speaker 1: this tribe, but we don't like them or we want 149 00:08:19,560 --> 00:08:23,200 Speaker 1: what they've got, because I mean, the consensus among anthropologists 150 00:08:23,240 --> 00:08:27,120 Speaker 1: apparently is that wars relatively recent. It's not that ancient. 151 00:08:27,440 --> 00:08:29,120 Speaker 1: It's certainly not as ancient as a lot of the 152 00:08:29,160 --> 00:08:35,120 Speaker 1: cave are we run into. Yeah years, so, um, you've 153 00:08:35,160 --> 00:08:40,480 Speaker 1: got shelter from the elements, protection from animals, um n, 154 00:08:40,559 --> 00:08:44,160 Speaker 1: steady temperature. That's a big one. Yeah, Because the cave 155 00:08:44,360 --> 00:08:50,800 Speaker 1: typically is about in the fifties fifties degrees fahrenheight. Um. Yeah, 156 00:08:50,960 --> 00:08:53,440 Speaker 1: So if you are in a cave and you're living 157 00:08:53,480 --> 00:08:56,640 Speaker 1: there in its summertime, you are sitting pretty If it's 158 00:08:56,679 --> 00:08:59,439 Speaker 1: winter time, depending on where you are, So you're in 159 00:08:59,520 --> 00:09:01,720 Speaker 1: northern you're up, You're still sitting pretty sure. All you 160 00:09:01,720 --> 00:09:03,040 Speaker 1: have to do is build a little bit of a 161 00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:06,679 Speaker 1: fire and I hope you don't smoke yourself out, and 162 00:09:06,800 --> 00:09:12,000 Speaker 1: you are you're you're in some climate controlled luxury, especially 163 00:09:12,040 --> 00:09:15,200 Speaker 1: for the Stone Age. Yeah, you know. Uh, one reason 164 00:09:15,240 --> 00:09:18,240 Speaker 1: that everyone didn't live in caves, and this is something 165 00:09:18,320 --> 00:09:20,360 Speaker 1: I learned when I went on my caving experience, which 166 00:09:20,400 --> 00:09:23,520 Speaker 1: is detailed in the speed Lunking episode, is that even 167 00:09:23,520 --> 00:09:25,920 Speaker 1: though there's tons of caves, not a ton of caves 168 00:09:25,920 --> 00:09:28,200 Speaker 1: are like great to live in. Like a lot of 169 00:09:28,200 --> 00:09:30,520 Speaker 1: them you might walk right past because it's just a 170 00:09:30,520 --> 00:09:32,400 Speaker 1: hole in the ground. You have no idea there's an 171 00:09:32,440 --> 00:09:36,240 Speaker 1: underground cavern. A lot of them are inaccessible. Um, a 172 00:09:36,280 --> 00:09:39,200 Speaker 1: lot of them have our active so that means they 173 00:09:39,240 --> 00:09:45,720 Speaker 1: have water, which isn't super hospitable inactive cave. Yeah, it'll flood. Yeah, 174 00:09:46,360 --> 00:09:47,960 Speaker 1: you don't want to be in there when it flood. Yeah, 175 00:09:47,960 --> 00:09:50,240 Speaker 1: they're just not like generally they're not like these huge 176 00:09:50,280 --> 00:09:53,240 Speaker 1: cavernous like, oh, it's a big underground home. Well. Plus, 177 00:09:53,280 --> 00:09:56,199 Speaker 1: also there's a lot of gravel slopes, which if you 178 00:09:56,280 --> 00:09:59,079 Speaker 1: stand on them you can fall and die. You learn 179 00:09:59,120 --> 00:10:02,240 Speaker 1: that pretty quick. Yeah, there's lots of different exits and 180 00:10:02,400 --> 00:10:04,640 Speaker 1: entrances and shafts and things like that. They can be 181 00:10:04,720 --> 00:10:07,480 Speaker 1: misleading and confuse you and from dark get you lost 182 00:10:07,520 --> 00:10:11,000 Speaker 1: to your death. Yeah, apparently just a couple of dozen feet. 183 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:13,720 Speaker 1: I don't remember. There's the light zone, the twilight zone 184 00:10:13,720 --> 00:10:16,840 Speaker 1: in the dark zone, and I don't remember where the 185 00:10:16,880 --> 00:10:19,480 Speaker 1: twilight zone ends in the dark zone begins. But once 186 00:10:19,480 --> 00:10:22,439 Speaker 1: that dark zone begins, there's no light, like no light. 187 00:10:22,720 --> 00:10:24,120 Speaker 1: And like you said, you can't just start a bunch 188 00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:28,280 Speaker 1: of fires because you can die from smoking yourself out. Yeah, 189 00:10:28,440 --> 00:10:31,680 Speaker 1: you can hit your head on stalag tights. That's true. 190 00:10:32,280 --> 00:10:34,120 Speaker 1: So it's not the most common thing to find like 191 00:10:34,160 --> 00:10:36,920 Speaker 1: a great cave for ten or twelve people to live in, 192 00:10:37,480 --> 00:10:39,200 Speaker 1: but when they found them and they needed them, they 193 00:10:39,240 --> 00:10:43,400 Speaker 1: would dwell in them, right and um. Again, that's one reason, 194 00:10:43,679 --> 00:10:46,440 Speaker 1: for several reasons why people didn't just live in caves 195 00:10:46,480 --> 00:10:48,440 Speaker 1: all the time. But another reason is because they knew 196 00:10:48,440 --> 00:10:51,640 Speaker 1: of other ways to live. They could um stretch animal 197 00:10:51,720 --> 00:10:56,760 Speaker 1: hides over structures. They built earth and dwellings where they 198 00:10:56,760 --> 00:10:58,760 Speaker 1: would build like a lean to or something and then 199 00:10:58,800 --> 00:11:01,520 Speaker 1: pack earth over it, which is another way to control 200 00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:05,199 Speaker 1: the climate or temperature in that little dwelling. And again 201 00:11:05,240 --> 00:11:07,760 Speaker 1: they were nomadic. They were following herds of bison and 202 00:11:08,480 --> 00:11:12,600 Speaker 1: mammoths and um, you know, it's a big, beautiful world too, 203 00:11:12,720 --> 00:11:15,040 Speaker 1: Let's not forget. Yeah, like, why would you want to 204 00:11:15,040 --> 00:11:17,280 Speaker 1: go live in a cave your entire life when you've 205 00:11:17,280 --> 00:11:20,440 Speaker 1: got the run of the place of planet Earth and 206 00:11:20,640 --> 00:11:22,800 Speaker 1: all it has to offer. You know, if there was 207 00:11:23,080 --> 00:11:28,840 Speaker 1: a hominid uh that could be considered cave dwellers, though 208 00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:32,679 Speaker 1: it would probably be the Neanderthals. As we understand right now, 209 00:11:32,920 --> 00:11:35,680 Speaker 1: it wasn't too terribly long ago that we discovered a 210 00:11:35,720 --> 00:11:41,199 Speaker 1: new species of um human ancestor well, at least they 211 00:11:41,200 --> 00:11:45,480 Speaker 1: were contemporary with modern humans. Uh, the dennis Ovans. Oh 212 00:11:45,520 --> 00:11:51,120 Speaker 1: who is that? Um? They they were there type of 213 00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:56,439 Speaker 1: Hamainid that lived in the thirty fifty thousand years ago 214 00:11:56,480 --> 00:11:59,800 Speaker 1: at the latest, I think maybe. And um, there's a 215 00:12:00,040 --> 00:12:05,440 Speaker 1: cave in Croatia I believe where they discovered a moler 216 00:12:05,679 --> 00:12:09,120 Speaker 1: and they thought, well, no, they discovered a fingerbone and 217 00:12:09,160 --> 00:12:11,600 Speaker 1: they thought it was Neanderthal or human, and they ran 218 00:12:11,640 --> 00:12:14,199 Speaker 1: the DNA tests and they're like, uh, this is neither. 219 00:12:14,760 --> 00:12:17,960 Speaker 1: What is this? So they named it it's a Dennisova 220 00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:21,679 Speaker 1: cave or dennis cave, one of the two. And they 221 00:12:21,760 --> 00:12:26,840 Speaker 1: named this new species of hominid A the dennis Ovans. 222 00:12:26,920 --> 00:12:29,640 Speaker 1: And then they looked at the human genome and they're like, oh, well, 223 00:12:29,679 --> 00:12:32,000 Speaker 1: apparently in are bred with them because we have a 224 00:12:32,080 --> 00:12:35,199 Speaker 1: little bit of Dennis Ovan and all of us for 225 00:12:35,360 --> 00:12:39,120 Speaker 1: most of us. Yeah, people who um stayed in Africa 226 00:12:39,440 --> 00:12:44,280 Speaker 1: and didn't disperse like Neanderthals or other modern humans too, 227 00:12:44,960 --> 00:12:48,640 Speaker 1: apparently didn't have the opportunity to mix with Denisovans or Neanderthals. 228 00:12:48,840 --> 00:12:53,360 Speaker 1: So typically people of European descent Native American descent, they 229 00:12:53,360 --> 00:12:57,040 Speaker 1: will have um Neanderthal and Denisovan in them. But there's 230 00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:01,240 Speaker 1: this cave in Croatia has evidence that these Neanderthals, humans 231 00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:05,040 Speaker 1: and dennis Ovans possibly shared these caves at the same time. 232 00:13:05,160 --> 00:13:07,679 Speaker 1: Isn't that crazy they did. Yeah, they didn't necessarily sit 233 00:13:07,720 --> 00:13:11,240 Speaker 1: around a camp fire with one another, but they they 234 00:13:11,600 --> 00:13:14,320 Speaker 1: may have been using the cave within you know, the 235 00:13:14,400 --> 00:13:16,680 Speaker 1: same year or something like that, depending on the season. 236 00:13:17,160 --> 00:13:20,280 Speaker 1: Pictured them making s'mores and say, how do you get 237 00:13:20,280 --> 00:13:22,440 Speaker 1: your backs so straight? But I mean think about it. 238 00:13:22,480 --> 00:13:26,880 Speaker 1: If they were breeding, you know, then maybe it wasn't 239 00:13:26,880 --> 00:13:29,800 Speaker 1: those caves. Jerry either laughed at that or she's choking 240 00:13:29,840 --> 00:13:34,440 Speaker 1: on something food or both perhaps. Uh So, Yeah, the 241 00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:39,920 Speaker 1: Neanderthal was um all over Europe and during a glacial period, 242 00:13:39,960 --> 00:13:42,720 Speaker 1: so obviously they got harsh climates, so they might want 243 00:13:42,720 --> 00:13:45,480 Speaker 1: to poke into a cave every now and then and 244 00:13:45,559 --> 00:13:49,400 Speaker 1: warm up. Um. And there are a couple of strategies 245 00:13:49,600 --> 00:13:53,760 Speaker 1: that archaeologists believe we're used back then, the circulating mobility 246 00:13:53,800 --> 00:13:58,240 Speaker 1: and radiating mobility, and circulating was um. And I kind 247 00:13:58,240 --> 00:14:00,920 Speaker 1: of like this idea is had several temporary camps kind 248 00:14:00,920 --> 00:14:03,520 Speaker 1: of scattered all over a region, and it's kind of 249 00:14:03,559 --> 00:14:05,960 Speaker 1: like just having different homes and you would just go 250 00:14:06,040 --> 00:14:07,679 Speaker 1: from place to place and live in your little home 251 00:14:07,720 --> 00:14:11,719 Speaker 1: and hunt and gather. Uh or it's the same thing 252 00:14:11,720 --> 00:14:15,880 Speaker 1: the ultra wealthy dude today exactly. Or radiating mobility is 253 00:14:15,880 --> 00:14:17,960 Speaker 1: when you had one main camp and you would just 254 00:14:18,000 --> 00:14:20,880 Speaker 1: go out as far as you could to hunt and gather. 255 00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:23,200 Speaker 1: From that camp, right, so you had other shelters along 256 00:14:23,240 --> 00:14:26,720 Speaker 1: the way. I don't know. I thought the radiating mobility 257 00:14:26,800 --> 00:14:28,880 Speaker 1: was just the one camp and you came and went 258 00:14:28,960 --> 00:14:31,520 Speaker 1: to that camp every day and that was the difference. 259 00:14:32,760 --> 00:14:36,840 Speaker 1: Is that right? It's possible. I think that's right. Um. 260 00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:39,000 Speaker 1: And apparently some of these camps were in fact caves 261 00:14:39,080 --> 00:14:43,320 Speaker 1: at times, so they were using caves for sure. They 262 00:14:43,320 --> 00:14:48,560 Speaker 1: were um doing something else too. Uh they were creating, 263 00:14:48,560 --> 00:14:52,040 Speaker 1: aren't in these caves? Boy were they? Which has people 264 00:14:52,320 --> 00:14:56,040 Speaker 1: um baffled as to exactly what was going on? What's 265 00:14:56,040 --> 00:14:57,800 Speaker 1: the deal, what the heck is all this for? But 266 00:14:58,120 --> 00:15:00,120 Speaker 1: before we get into that, you want to, um, you 267 00:15:00,120 --> 00:15:08,320 Speaker 1: want to take a message break alright, cave art and 268 00:15:08,360 --> 00:15:10,800 Speaker 1: if you have in your mind a cave art is 269 00:15:10,880 --> 00:15:14,800 Speaker 1: like super primitive, like you know, is that a buffalo 270 00:15:14,920 --> 00:15:17,920 Speaker 1: or is that a giraffe? You should go just google 271 00:15:18,640 --> 00:15:22,560 Speaker 1: the cave art in those two caves especially oh yeah, 272 00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:27,200 Speaker 1: Calvett Calvet. Yeah. One of the things that Herzog talks 273 00:15:27,240 --> 00:15:30,360 Speaker 1: about that they figured out, if I remember correctly, is 274 00:15:30,400 --> 00:15:36,040 Speaker 1: that the torchlight, the flickering torchlight, produces movement of these animals. 275 00:15:36,600 --> 00:15:39,240 Speaker 1: And um, they think they're they're wondering whether that was 276 00:15:39,280 --> 00:15:41,560 Speaker 1: like intentional or not, and they think it probably was 277 00:15:41,560 --> 00:15:46,280 Speaker 1: intentional before they make a little movie. Interesting, but it's 278 00:15:46,320 --> 00:15:52,200 Speaker 1: like legit art and legit talented painters. Yeah, when you 279 00:15:52,200 --> 00:15:55,680 Speaker 1: look at this this stuff, it's pretty amazing. They hadn't 280 00:15:55,720 --> 00:16:00,000 Speaker 1: discovered um perspective yet, so it's all flat two dimensions 281 00:16:01,720 --> 00:16:04,240 Speaker 1: but um. First of all, they're creating these things in 282 00:16:04,360 --> 00:16:09,680 Speaker 1: utter dark by torchlight. Yeah, using earthen pigments like ochre 283 00:16:09,880 --> 00:16:14,520 Speaker 1: for yellows and oranges, um, charcoal, charcoal for black was 284 00:16:14,560 --> 00:16:19,160 Speaker 1: the red one. I think for red they used iron 285 00:16:19,200 --> 00:16:24,040 Speaker 1: oxide and they use charcoal and manganese for black. They're 286 00:16:24,120 --> 00:16:29,240 Speaker 1: using very very primitive brushes in the dictionary sense of 287 00:16:29,240 --> 00:16:34,480 Speaker 1: the word. Yeah, or there early airbrush artists essentially, because 288 00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:40,119 Speaker 1: they're blowing this pigment through a h a tube tube 289 00:16:40,400 --> 00:16:43,560 Speaker 1: or just out of their mouth right onto the walls. Yeah. 290 00:16:43,920 --> 00:16:46,160 Speaker 1: And then they're also using their hands in their fingers. 291 00:16:46,160 --> 00:16:49,440 Speaker 1: But you're right, man, there are some especially when you 292 00:16:49,480 --> 00:16:52,160 Speaker 1: take all of this in to consideration, Yeah, it makes 293 00:16:52,200 --> 00:16:55,400 Speaker 1: some of the art that was made just staggering. Apparently 294 00:16:55,440 --> 00:16:59,120 Speaker 1: they would use to some of the uh texture of 295 00:16:59,160 --> 00:17:02,120 Speaker 1: the cave itself, if there was an indentation or not 296 00:17:02,120 --> 00:17:06,119 Speaker 1: an indentation, but what stops have been indentation. Yeah, if 297 00:17:06,119 --> 00:17:08,359 Speaker 1: there was a bump that looked like a rhino horn, 298 00:17:08,800 --> 00:17:12,120 Speaker 1: they would incorporate that as the rhino horn. And all 299 00:17:12,119 --> 00:17:14,680 Speaker 1: of a sudden you had I mean it's not quite 300 00:17:14,760 --> 00:17:18,600 Speaker 1: three D, but it's definitely more than flat. Yeah. Right, 301 00:17:18,640 --> 00:17:21,360 Speaker 1: you know they're like, it's not perspective, but it's gonna 302 00:17:21,440 --> 00:17:26,080 Speaker 1: have to do. Uh. They now have evidence in some 303 00:17:26,160 --> 00:17:29,159 Speaker 1: of these thirty thousand year old caves of scaffolding that 304 00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:31,800 Speaker 1: they would use. I hadn't seen that. Yeah, it's pretty 305 00:17:31,840 --> 00:17:36,680 Speaker 1: cool and um principles of stenciling, early principles of stinciling. 306 00:17:37,320 --> 00:17:43,080 Speaker 1: And apparently when uh Picasso visited lescal he said to 307 00:17:43,119 --> 00:17:46,719 Speaker 1: his guide, they've invented everything, and he was just like 308 00:17:46,840 --> 00:17:51,600 Speaker 1: blown away, like I'm just copying these early hominids. It's 309 00:17:51,600 --> 00:17:54,919 Speaker 1: pretty amazing. It's about right too. Yeah, and actually I 310 00:17:54,920 --> 00:17:58,119 Speaker 1: don't know Picasso's all right, but some of these cavell 311 00:17:58,480 --> 00:18:01,800 Speaker 1: they haven't beat maybe. Yeah, they didn't look funny, they 312 00:18:01,800 --> 00:18:04,960 Speaker 1: didn't have one eye, and they didn't wear burraiths. Um. 313 00:18:05,040 --> 00:18:08,840 Speaker 1: So most of the subjects of cave paintings that have 314 00:18:08,920 --> 00:18:12,240 Speaker 1: been discovered so far, and there could be tons and 315 00:18:12,320 --> 00:18:15,960 Speaker 1: tons of undiscovered caves like the one at Chauve wasn't 316 00:18:15,960 --> 00:18:20,600 Speaker 1: discovered until because at some point in the past a 317 00:18:20,720 --> 00:18:24,480 Speaker 1: rock fall happened and closed the cave off to view 318 00:18:24,840 --> 00:18:27,760 Speaker 1: and was just happened to be discovered by some hikers. Man, 319 00:18:27,840 --> 00:18:30,920 Speaker 1: can you imagine being the person that discovered that. It 320 00:18:30,960 --> 00:18:35,879 Speaker 1: would have been pretty cool. Um. So, most of the 321 00:18:35,880 --> 00:18:39,119 Speaker 1: cave art that has been discovered so far, it depicts 322 00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:44,480 Speaker 1: hert animals. Yeah, animals by and large. There herd animals 323 00:18:44,520 --> 00:18:50,160 Speaker 1: are bison, their buffalo there, um, mammoths, things like that. Um, 324 00:18:50,280 --> 00:18:54,960 Speaker 1: there's very few images of vegetation, very few images of humans. 325 00:18:55,600 --> 00:18:58,240 Speaker 1: The images of humans there are tend to be things 326 00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:02,480 Speaker 1: like fertility idols like Yeah, and there's a theory out 327 00:19:02,520 --> 00:19:07,320 Speaker 1: there that those were painted by adolescent boys. Yeah, as 328 00:19:07,359 --> 00:19:12,320 Speaker 1: like basically early you know, club magazine or something. And uh, 329 00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:15,720 Speaker 1: that may or may not be correct, especially when they 330 00:19:15,720 --> 00:19:19,120 Speaker 1: found that in France and Spain a lot and possibly 331 00:19:19,119 --> 00:19:21,840 Speaker 1: the majority of cave art was done by females. They 332 00:19:21,920 --> 00:19:26,800 Speaker 1: recently discovered you know, the hand ones, handprints. They figured 333 00:19:26,800 --> 00:19:30,800 Speaker 1: out recently that most of those are female hands because 334 00:19:30,800 --> 00:19:33,720 Speaker 1: of the they they give away of the sixth finger 335 00:19:33,880 --> 00:19:38,359 Speaker 1: that only females that. Um, there's an article that I 336 00:19:38,400 --> 00:19:41,560 Speaker 1: can recommend that actually is what inspired Berner Hertzog to 337 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:45,439 Speaker 1: make his documentary called First Impressions. Uh. It was in 338 00:19:45,440 --> 00:19:47,719 Speaker 1: The New Yorker in two thousand eight by Judith Thurman, 339 00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:52,600 Speaker 1: and it's super awesome and uh, she basically says there's 340 00:19:52,640 --> 00:19:56,040 Speaker 1: a couple of camps when it comes to cave art experts. Ah, 341 00:19:56,800 --> 00:19:59,679 Speaker 1: those who can't resist advancing a theory about the art, 342 00:20:00,359 --> 00:20:03,120 Speaker 1: and then those who say there never will be enough 343 00:20:03,160 --> 00:20:05,480 Speaker 1: evidence to support one, so you're all just sort of 344 00:20:05,640 --> 00:20:08,320 Speaker 1: making up these theories. Yeah. I think that's healthy. That 345 00:20:08,520 --> 00:20:11,080 Speaker 1: second camp is much healthier because it is all theories. 346 00:20:11,119 --> 00:20:13,120 Speaker 1: But I like the theories, so yeah, And I don't 347 00:20:13,119 --> 00:20:15,399 Speaker 1: think we should just be like, we'll never understand that, 348 00:20:15,520 --> 00:20:17,879 Speaker 1: so let's not even try. Yeah. I think we should 349 00:20:17,880 --> 00:20:20,240 Speaker 1: just remember that when we are trying to understand them, 350 00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:23,359 Speaker 1: they're all just guesses, and not even really educated guesses 351 00:20:23,400 --> 00:20:27,040 Speaker 1: at that. Yeah. I think my theory of why there 352 00:20:27,080 --> 00:20:30,800 Speaker 1: are animals mostly is because it was super important to 353 00:20:30,880 --> 00:20:35,560 Speaker 1: their survival and maybe it was you know, uh, some 354 00:20:35,680 --> 00:20:39,440 Speaker 1: communication to leave for another person later or to each other. Maybe. Yeah, 355 00:20:39,520 --> 00:20:42,200 Speaker 1: it could be there's lots of buffalo in this area, 356 00:20:42,320 --> 00:20:47,000 Speaker 1: so get to hunting, or don't hunt these guys because 357 00:20:47,160 --> 00:20:49,119 Speaker 1: I just killed a bunch of them by forcing them 358 00:20:49,119 --> 00:20:51,920 Speaker 1: off a cliff. It was awesome, by the way, to see, 359 00:20:52,320 --> 00:20:54,080 Speaker 1: but there's not that many left and we need them 360 00:20:54,119 --> 00:20:56,480 Speaker 1: to keep reading. Or I'm an eight year old the 361 00:20:56,560 --> 00:21:02,680 Speaker 1: interthal and yeah, here's an make a buffalo for your pleasure. Uh. 362 00:21:02,720 --> 00:21:05,840 Speaker 1: There's also lots of theories that these things were um 363 00:21:05,960 --> 00:21:09,679 Speaker 1: supernatural somehow, like they were trying to invoke the animal 364 00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:13,080 Speaker 1: spirit for a successful hunt or gain some sort of 365 00:21:13,119 --> 00:21:17,439 Speaker 1: power by creating an image of the animal um. And 366 00:21:17,480 --> 00:21:19,520 Speaker 1: it could have also just been like, this is what 367 00:21:19,840 --> 00:21:22,640 Speaker 1: I see in my everyday life, and I have this 368 00:21:23,440 --> 00:21:27,320 Speaker 1: desire to create art. So that's that's the subject I'm 369 00:21:27,320 --> 00:21:30,439 Speaker 1: gonna make. Is this animal that I am thinking about 370 00:21:30,480 --> 00:21:33,200 Speaker 1: a lot because I have to hunt it for sustenance. Yeah, 371 00:21:33,240 --> 00:21:36,960 Speaker 1: that makes a conversion between this innate desire and the 372 00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:42,679 Speaker 1: everyday life. And that's bison on cave walls. Well, some 373 00:21:42,720 --> 00:21:46,119 Speaker 1: of them are pretty detailed, and uh, some are life size. 374 00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:48,280 Speaker 1: It's like they really took a lot of time. It 375 00:21:48,320 --> 00:21:51,840 Speaker 1: wasn't something they just dashed off in a matter of hours. 376 00:21:51,920 --> 00:21:54,440 Speaker 1: And they're using these torches too, are not like it's 377 00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:58,480 Speaker 1: not like a modern electric torch known as a flashlight also, 378 00:21:59,000 --> 00:22:02,480 Speaker 1: but um, they're like stone torches with like a little 379 00:22:02,720 --> 00:22:04,960 Speaker 1: divid in the top. It's some animal fat put in 380 00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:07,520 Speaker 1: there and then they light the animal fat, which I'm 381 00:22:07,520 --> 00:22:11,680 Speaker 1: sure in and of itself is quite a task. Um. 382 00:22:11,760 --> 00:22:14,879 Speaker 1: But so yeah, there was there was a lot of 383 00:22:15,160 --> 00:22:19,560 Speaker 1: effort put into this, a lot of detail. Gathering the pigments, 384 00:22:19,600 --> 00:22:22,120 Speaker 1: I'm sure wasn't an easy feat, especially if you're doing 385 00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:24,680 Speaker 1: like a life size bison. How long did it take 386 00:22:24,720 --> 00:22:27,680 Speaker 1: to gather all that? Ochre Sure it's not a quick thing. 387 00:22:29,000 --> 00:22:33,119 Speaker 1: And it's not just paintings. They found a jewelry and 388 00:22:33,359 --> 00:22:35,680 Speaker 1: other like engrave bone and ivory, and they think they 389 00:22:35,720 --> 00:22:39,040 Speaker 1: probably engraved wood too, but that obviously wouldn't survive that long. 390 00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:43,119 Speaker 1: But um, they suggest early religious belief and that they 391 00:22:43,119 --> 00:22:46,520 Speaker 1: think they might have buried people with some of these things. Yeah, so, 392 00:22:47,320 --> 00:22:52,040 Speaker 1: like it's amazing stuff. And unfortunately when there's no written history, 393 00:22:52,560 --> 00:22:55,639 Speaker 1: there's a lot of speculation. But it just I don't know, 394 00:22:55,680 --> 00:22:58,280 Speaker 1: it's fascinating to me. Well, yeah, you know, and their 395 00:22:58,320 --> 00:23:00,679 Speaker 1: their history has been largely lost. It just happens to 396 00:23:00,680 --> 00:23:03,000 Speaker 1: be preserved in the caves. But since they weren't just 397 00:23:03,040 --> 00:23:06,240 Speaker 1: as strictly cave dwelling society, we're only seeing a portion 398 00:23:06,440 --> 00:23:10,000 Speaker 1: of their culture because the rest of it was in 399 00:23:10,119 --> 00:23:13,439 Speaker 1: animal skin shelters and earthen lean twos that have been 400 00:23:13,560 --> 00:23:15,879 Speaker 1: totally lost because they were exposed to the elements the 401 00:23:16,160 --> 00:23:20,240 Speaker 1: caves that were flooded out and washed away too. So yeah, 402 00:23:20,280 --> 00:23:22,639 Speaker 1: well that's why there's only like, well, there's more than that, 403 00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:25,960 Speaker 1: but the two big daddies, there's only two. No, there's 404 00:23:25,960 --> 00:23:29,679 Speaker 1: another one. There's one called Altamira in Spain. It's steely. 405 00:23:29,760 --> 00:23:31,919 Speaker 1: Dan had a song about it, the Caves of Altamira, 406 00:23:32,119 --> 00:23:35,120 Speaker 1: And is it loaded with art? Okay, yeah, there's there's 407 00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:37,000 Speaker 1: plenty more than that, it's just less Go is the 408 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:39,680 Speaker 1: most famous one, and then Chauve is the most recent, 409 00:23:39,680 --> 00:23:44,720 Speaker 1: most famous one because I heard but there are others. Um, 410 00:23:44,880 --> 00:23:48,120 Speaker 1: what about chocolodytes. We should mention that that's a great 411 00:23:48,119 --> 00:23:51,920 Speaker 1: word to call somebody. It always reminds me of trilobite. 412 00:23:53,119 --> 00:23:59,160 Speaker 1: Remember the little weird kind of insect armor plated fossilized insect. 413 00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:02,520 Speaker 1: I'll show you a trilobite. Okay. It was one of 414 00:24:02,600 --> 00:24:09,240 Speaker 1: the earliest like footed animals. Scary looking really, but that's 415 00:24:09,240 --> 00:24:11,639 Speaker 1: what I always get the too confused chocolate. It means 416 00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:15,440 Speaker 1: cave dweller, literally someone who lives in a hole or 417 00:24:15,560 --> 00:24:19,159 Speaker 1: cave named after There are apparently some West African tribes 418 00:24:19,200 --> 00:24:21,280 Speaker 1: that the Greeks came in contact with, and they lived 419 00:24:21,280 --> 00:24:25,119 Speaker 1: in cliff caves, and they were called trocolate, eye t 420 00:24:25,320 --> 00:24:29,080 Speaker 1: or trogoled. Well, it's a nice insult you can throw 421 00:24:29,119 --> 00:24:32,119 Speaker 1: around these days and sounds sort of intelligent. Instead of 422 00:24:32,160 --> 00:24:35,520 Speaker 1: calling someone like a d bag, he'd say he's a trocolodyte, 423 00:24:35,760 --> 00:24:39,679 Speaker 1: you know. Yeah, and one got Jerry too. Man, you 424 00:24:39,720 --> 00:24:44,040 Speaker 1: guys are on the same way today. I guess, uh so, 425 00:24:44,119 --> 00:24:47,800 Speaker 1: I guess we can fast forward down to the present day. Yes, 426 00:24:48,280 --> 00:24:50,760 Speaker 1: well modern, let's not quite go into present day. I 427 00:24:50,800 --> 00:24:52,320 Speaker 1: think we need to give a shout out to the 428 00:24:52,320 --> 00:24:57,960 Speaker 1: Anasazi and the Pueblos word cliff dwelling people's from the 429 00:24:57,960 --> 00:25:03,000 Speaker 1: twelfth century Ish of the outhwestern United States, who basically 430 00:25:03,119 --> 00:25:06,680 Speaker 1: showed up and started carving into cliff faces, carving out 431 00:25:06,760 --> 00:25:09,800 Speaker 1: caves and lived there they built their own caves. Yeah, 432 00:25:09,920 --> 00:25:12,280 Speaker 1: you should see some of these. Look up, like just 433 00:25:12,280 --> 00:25:15,560 Speaker 1: look up cliff dwellers US and you'll see some really 434 00:25:15,600 --> 00:25:19,040 Speaker 1: neat They had, like whole cities like carved out into 435 00:25:19,119 --> 00:25:23,720 Speaker 1: these these cliff faces that you could only reach by ladders. 436 00:25:23,800 --> 00:25:26,560 Speaker 1: That sounds really dangerous it was, but it was also 437 00:25:26,720 --> 00:25:30,080 Speaker 1: very well defended and stified. Yeah, because people just be like, 438 00:25:30,119 --> 00:25:31,880 Speaker 1: I'm not going up there to fight those guys. Yeah, 439 00:25:31,880 --> 00:25:36,200 Speaker 1: I'm not climbing that ladder. It's crazy. Um, can we 440 00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:39,320 Speaker 1: talk about Mountain Mountain Hebron? Are we there yet? Yeah? Okay. Uh, 441 00:25:39,480 --> 00:25:41,800 Speaker 1: that's in the West Bank in the Middle East, and 442 00:25:42,760 --> 00:25:45,639 Speaker 1: a lot of clan of Palestinians live in this network 443 00:25:45,680 --> 00:25:47,719 Speaker 1: of caves that have been around for about a hundred 444 00:25:47,920 --> 00:25:53,120 Speaker 1: years that their forefathers built. And uh, but of course, 445 00:25:53,200 --> 00:25:58,120 Speaker 1: because it's in the West Bank, there's uh, some disagreement 446 00:25:58,480 --> 00:26:01,320 Speaker 1: over who should be there. Of course, it's been claimed 447 00:26:01,359 --> 00:26:04,959 Speaker 1: by Israeli settlers as well, and the army has threatened 448 00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:07,440 Speaker 1: to remove the people. I don't know what the current 449 00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:09,760 Speaker 1: state is. I looked it up, I couldn't find it. 450 00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:12,960 Speaker 1: Last I saw is that they basically designated it a 451 00:26:13,040 --> 00:26:17,399 Speaker 1: militarized zone, which meant that the Palestinians living there needed 452 00:26:17,440 --> 00:26:19,520 Speaker 1: to leave. But are they still in there? I don't know. 453 00:26:19,760 --> 00:26:21,880 Speaker 1: The most recent thing I can find from two thousand five, 454 00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:25,720 Speaker 1: so I don't know. Al right, Well, southern Spain, was 455 00:26:25,760 --> 00:26:28,639 Speaker 1: that what you were talking about. I don't know if 456 00:26:28,640 --> 00:26:32,000 Speaker 1: Faltemyer's in southern Spain, but there's it's definitely in Spain. 457 00:26:32,200 --> 00:26:36,560 Speaker 1: But there are like a natural cliff or cave dwellings 458 00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:40,000 Speaker 1: that were carved out into even further Cave dwellings in 459 00:26:40,080 --> 00:26:45,400 Speaker 1: Spain and um have basically been continuously inhabited at one 460 00:26:45,400 --> 00:26:48,640 Speaker 1: time or another. Now there's a large homeless population there apparently, 461 00:26:50,080 --> 00:26:53,640 Speaker 1: I mean, Spain's got unemployment. I'm sure that the cave 462 00:26:53,680 --> 00:27:01,400 Speaker 1: dwelling populations increased proportionately. Uh Cappadocia. Cappadocia uh in Turkey 463 00:27:01,800 --> 00:27:04,840 Speaker 1: has an elaborate cave system and it's not a very 464 00:27:04,880 --> 00:27:07,760 Speaker 1: friendly place. There's not a lot of vegetation that's been 465 00:27:07,760 --> 00:27:12,960 Speaker 1: described as lunar and this. Yeah, it's amazing, it's really amazing. 466 00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:15,719 Speaker 1: Just the natural landscape itself is amazing. And then if 467 00:27:15,760 --> 00:27:18,120 Speaker 1: you look closely, you're like, oh, those pock marks are 468 00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:22,240 Speaker 1: caves like homes. Yeah, and these were man made. These 469 00:27:22,240 --> 00:27:26,720 Speaker 1: are carved out for people to live in, which is um, 470 00:27:26,760 --> 00:27:28,320 Speaker 1: I guess we didn't even say. I guess that's the 471 00:27:28,359 --> 00:27:30,680 Speaker 1: other type of cave. You neither find one or you 472 00:27:30,680 --> 00:27:32,879 Speaker 1: can make one. But yeah, and by making one, I 473 00:27:32,920 --> 00:27:35,640 Speaker 1: think anytime you kind of enhance or extend a natural 474 00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:38,520 Speaker 1: cave to that's that would account. I would guess that'd 475 00:27:38,560 --> 00:27:41,639 Speaker 1: be man made too. Yeah, probably so. But the en 476 00:27:41,640 --> 00:27:46,240 Speaker 1: Cappadocia and Turkey um anchor Rights, which were early Christians 477 00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:52,920 Speaker 1: who were hermits. Yeah, um, they inhabited these caves and 478 00:27:52,920 --> 00:27:55,200 Speaker 1: and made the first dwellings. And then when the Christians 479 00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:58,399 Speaker 1: were persecuted, they were joined by a lot more people 480 00:27:59,119 --> 00:28:03,720 Speaker 1: and they actually built um underground churches that became an 481 00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:07,639 Speaker 1: underground city. Have you seen these pictures? Oh, they're amazing, 482 00:28:07,840 --> 00:28:10,159 Speaker 1: just the masonry and the artwork that they made of 483 00:28:10,520 --> 00:28:13,920 Speaker 1: just hewn from the rock. That's still intact today. And 484 00:28:13,960 --> 00:28:16,520 Speaker 1: apparently it was abandoned and then forgotten for a while 485 00:28:16,880 --> 00:28:19,760 Speaker 1: and then rediscovered. Not but that was pretty neat to find. Well, 486 00:28:19,800 --> 00:28:22,600 Speaker 1: I got another documentary for you, um, like no place 487 00:28:22,640 --> 00:28:25,080 Speaker 1: on earth have you seen that one? Uh? There was 488 00:28:25,080 --> 00:28:28,760 Speaker 1: a guy a caver that UM was exploring this cave 489 00:28:28,800 --> 00:28:32,440 Speaker 1: in the Ukraine and he found like shoes and medicine 490 00:28:32,440 --> 00:28:35,200 Speaker 1: bottles and things, and he was like, wait a minute, 491 00:28:35,200 --> 00:28:38,560 Speaker 1: this isn't like paleolithic at all. This looks like it 492 00:28:38,600 --> 00:28:41,600 Speaker 1: was from the nineteen forties. And it was. And it 493 00:28:41,640 --> 00:28:47,120 Speaker 1: turns out there was. Um thirty eight members of different 494 00:28:47,240 --> 00:28:51,600 Speaker 1: Jewish families hid in this cave during the Holocaust for 495 00:28:52,760 --> 00:28:56,320 Speaker 1: uh five hundred and eleven days. They lived underground for 496 00:28:56,600 --> 00:28:59,480 Speaker 1: over a year and a half. And uh some of 497 00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:02,640 Speaker 1: these people still alive and they found them. They still 498 00:29:02,640 --> 00:29:04,920 Speaker 1: live in the caves. No, no, no, no, they lived 499 00:29:04,920 --> 00:29:06,240 Speaker 1: there for a year and a half. I got in 500 00:29:06,240 --> 00:29:09,880 Speaker 1: the Holocaust, Um, but there they had never told their story. 501 00:29:09,880 --> 00:29:12,120 Speaker 1: They just like kept it a secret because they were like, 502 00:29:12,160 --> 00:29:14,240 Speaker 1: no one would believe it. Plus also in case they 503 00:29:14,280 --> 00:29:16,239 Speaker 1: ever needed to go back to the cave, Well they 504 00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:17,880 Speaker 1: did go back. They took him back to the caves. No, 505 00:29:17,960 --> 00:29:19,480 Speaker 1: I'm saying if they ever had to go back to 506 00:29:19,560 --> 00:29:21,719 Speaker 1: the cave, like you want to keep the cave secret, 507 00:29:21,880 --> 00:29:24,480 Speaker 1: because they weren't the first time, you know, but um, 508 00:29:24,520 --> 00:29:26,920 Speaker 1: it's pretty powerful and they take some of these survivors 509 00:29:26,960 --> 00:29:28,760 Speaker 1: back to this cave or they haven't been since the 510 00:29:28,760 --> 00:29:34,960 Speaker 1: Holocaust and they all survived to um really really great documentary. Yeah, 511 00:29:35,040 --> 00:29:37,760 Speaker 1: pretty cool, like no place self like like no place 512 00:29:37,760 --> 00:29:44,040 Speaker 1: on Earth, well, like no place selves. Um. There's also 513 00:29:44,160 --> 00:29:48,080 Speaker 1: apparently a trend in parts of Europe to buy old 514 00:29:48,120 --> 00:29:51,720 Speaker 1: man made cave homes and dress him up. I saw 515 00:29:51,800 --> 00:29:54,440 Speaker 1: this and I was like, I didn't double check, but 516 00:29:54,480 --> 00:29:56,680 Speaker 1: I could see this. Yeah, I mean this is a grabster, 517 00:29:56,840 --> 00:30:01,480 Speaker 1: so's he's good on his facts. Outfitting them with electric city, um, 518 00:30:01,520 --> 00:30:06,719 Speaker 1: installing modern plumbing, uh, getting the ventilation system going, and 519 00:30:06,760 --> 00:30:10,440 Speaker 1: just turning it into a vacation home. Yeah, putting down 520 00:30:10,480 --> 00:30:16,000 Speaker 1: tile floor. And there's always the cave home weirdos. Yeah. Well, 521 00:30:16,040 --> 00:30:19,760 Speaker 1: I mean if you're TV like, you know bizarre houses. 522 00:30:20,320 --> 00:30:23,080 Speaker 1: If you're a green person, yeah, you could do a 523 00:30:23,120 --> 00:30:25,480 Speaker 1: lot worse than build yourself a cave home because the 524 00:30:25,560 --> 00:30:29,200 Speaker 1: environmental impact is so much lower. It requires much fewer 525 00:30:29,200 --> 00:30:33,160 Speaker 1: building materials. Um. If you can deal with very low 526 00:30:33,400 --> 00:30:36,800 Speaker 1: natural light and not go crazy, then a cave might 527 00:30:36,800 --> 00:30:38,600 Speaker 1: be suited for you. If you can deal with the 528 00:30:38,720 --> 00:30:41,720 Speaker 1: damp and moisture, cave might be suited for you. Yeah. 529 00:30:41,720 --> 00:30:44,120 Speaker 1: And I shouldn't have said weirdos. It's ok to eat 530 00:30:44,160 --> 00:30:46,160 Speaker 1: the room. But anytime I see those shows of like 531 00:30:46,360 --> 00:30:50,320 Speaker 1: extreme bizarre homes, you just shoot the TV. I made 532 00:30:50,360 --> 00:30:52,960 Speaker 1: a house out of like Bob Goolay was on it. Yeah, 533 00:30:53,080 --> 00:30:56,760 Speaker 1: pretty much. Um, I've never been in like there was 534 00:30:56,760 --> 00:31:00,880 Speaker 1: a cave house near us growing up. Actually that really? Yeah. 535 00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:02,600 Speaker 1: It was like you know, it was when they built 536 00:31:02,640 --> 00:31:06,520 Speaker 1: into the side of you know Earth where in Stone 537 00:31:06,520 --> 00:31:08,960 Speaker 1: Mountain is it's still there? I assume, so is it 538 00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:12,120 Speaker 1: built into Stone Mountain? No? No, no, no, Um. And 539 00:31:12,160 --> 00:31:14,360 Speaker 1: it was like kind of the people go by there 540 00:31:14,400 --> 00:31:15,760 Speaker 1: and look at it and stuff, and I, even as 541 00:31:15,760 --> 00:31:17,800 Speaker 1: a kid, I thought it was kind of dumb. Did 542 00:31:17,840 --> 00:31:21,120 Speaker 1: you ever know Jack mcbreer when you were younger? Kenneth 543 00:31:21,200 --> 00:31:26,000 Speaker 1: from UM thirty Rock, he's from Stone Mountain Conyers? Oh 544 00:31:26,040 --> 00:31:30,320 Speaker 1: really yeah in the show he's from Stone Mountain. UM. 545 00:31:30,440 --> 00:31:32,040 Speaker 1: One of the other writers for thirty Rock, though I 546 00:31:32,040 --> 00:31:34,400 Speaker 1: can't remember his name is I think what you read 547 00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:41,720 Speaker 1: in is that right? But no, Hun didn't know jackne Prayer, which, uh, 548 00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:45,760 Speaker 1: you got anything else? Oh? Yeah? The last thing. One 549 00:31:45,760 --> 00:31:49,520 Speaker 1: of the other benefits of UM cave home it's very 550 00:31:49,520 --> 00:31:53,600 Speaker 1: difficult to break into, which is sad because that is 551 00:31:53,720 --> 00:31:57,240 Speaker 1: not the reason why they were initially used in Paleolithic Carrott. 552 00:31:57,360 --> 00:32:00,280 Speaker 1: But it's a it's a quality point. Now this true. 553 00:32:00,840 --> 00:32:04,200 Speaker 1: How far God, where was it that guy that built 554 00:32:04,240 --> 00:32:08,040 Speaker 1: a house underground? No, I've seen those before. I've seemed 555 00:32:08,040 --> 00:32:10,880 Speaker 1: like missile silos converted into homes and things like that. 556 00:32:11,080 --> 00:32:13,400 Speaker 1: This one was for sale recently. I can't remember who 557 00:32:13,400 --> 00:32:16,720 Speaker 1: sent it to me, but he basically built It's not 558 00:32:16,760 --> 00:32:20,160 Speaker 1: like a weird, you know, silo house. It's like a home. 559 00:32:20,560 --> 00:32:23,560 Speaker 1: He just built underground. Like when you go down there, 560 00:32:24,040 --> 00:32:26,840 Speaker 1: he's got paintings of the outside world on all the walls. 561 00:32:26,840 --> 00:32:29,160 Speaker 1: It was this rich guy who built it. I think 562 00:32:29,440 --> 00:32:32,160 Speaker 1: as a like a shelter in case something bad happened, 563 00:32:32,640 --> 00:32:34,920 Speaker 1: and so you know, there's pictures of like rolling fields 564 00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:37,360 Speaker 1: and when you're underground, I mean, obviously you can tell 565 00:32:37,400 --> 00:32:39,480 Speaker 1: it's a painting, but it doesn't feel like some cave. 566 00:32:39,520 --> 00:32:42,320 Speaker 1: It's like just a regular house built underground. Well, there's 567 00:32:42,360 --> 00:32:45,080 Speaker 1: a theory that we're going to end up living underground 568 00:32:45,080 --> 00:32:48,840 Speaker 1: because eventually arable crop lay and will become so valuable 569 00:32:49,280 --> 00:32:52,320 Speaker 1: that we will, uh we'll all have we will basically 570 00:32:52,320 --> 00:32:56,640 Speaker 1: be forced to inhabit, the opposite of sky scrapers. They 571 00:32:56,640 --> 00:32:59,680 Speaker 1: will be going down instead of up because we'll need 572 00:32:59,720 --> 00:33:03,360 Speaker 1: the land end up on top for crops. Didn't we 573 00:33:03,400 --> 00:33:06,680 Speaker 1: do one on why why don't humans live underground? Yeah? 574 00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:09,560 Speaker 1: I guess that could be part four? Then I guess 575 00:33:09,560 --> 00:33:12,000 Speaker 1: so it's not really a cave. Yeah, that's true. You 576 00:33:12,040 --> 00:33:17,160 Speaker 1: know this is the cave suite. All right, So let's 577 00:33:17,200 --> 00:33:19,200 Speaker 1: see you don't have anything else. I got nothing else. 578 00:33:19,600 --> 00:33:22,760 Speaker 1: If you want to learn more about cave dwellers, you 579 00:33:22,760 --> 00:33:24,920 Speaker 1: can type cave dwellers into the search part how stuff 580 00:33:24,920 --> 00:33:26,800 Speaker 1: works dot Com. And I said search parts means it's 581 00:33:26,840 --> 00:33:31,680 Speaker 1: time for listener mail. I'm gonna call this. We keep 582 00:33:31,720 --> 00:33:35,760 Speaker 1: making the same mistake with acceleration. Oh yeah, and I'm 583 00:33:35,800 --> 00:33:37,560 Speaker 1: tired of it. If we ever say this again, I'm 584 00:33:37,560 --> 00:33:39,680 Speaker 1: gonna like put us both in time out. Do you 585 00:33:39,760 --> 00:33:42,720 Speaker 1: think Jerry would be paying attention? But I don't know 586 00:33:42,720 --> 00:33:44,480 Speaker 1: why we keep making this mistake. But in the Solar 587 00:33:44,520 --> 00:33:47,920 Speaker 1: Sales episode we talked about In fact, I think it 588 00:33:47,960 --> 00:33:50,840 Speaker 1: was you this time said something about acceleration will kill you, 589 00:33:52,040 --> 00:33:54,480 Speaker 1: or the speed will kill you, or something going that fast. Yeah, 590 00:33:54,520 --> 00:33:56,680 Speaker 1: I'm sure it was. We got a lot of emails, 591 00:33:56,920 --> 00:33:59,040 Speaker 1: and this was one of the nicer ones. Heads up 592 00:33:59,040 --> 00:34:01,520 Speaker 1: guys on a few things, including on the solar sales. 593 00:34:01,880 --> 00:34:05,360 Speaker 1: There's been some misunderstanding between speed and acceleration. Common belief 594 00:34:05,400 --> 00:34:07,320 Speaker 1: is it traveling at high speed is taxing on the body. 595 00:34:08,120 --> 00:34:10,280 Speaker 1: Not true. It is the acceleration and not the speed 596 00:34:10,320 --> 00:34:13,439 Speaker 1: which is dangerous. Take as an example, traveling in a car. 597 00:34:14,080 --> 00:34:17,000 Speaker 1: Changing your velocity from zero to a hundred kilometers per 598 00:34:17,000 --> 00:34:20,360 Speaker 1: hour a very short time results in a large acceleration. 599 00:34:20,400 --> 00:34:22,160 Speaker 1: This is where you get that feeling of being crushed 600 00:34:22,200 --> 00:34:24,720 Speaker 1: into your seat. But once you keep that constant speed, 601 00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:27,000 Speaker 1: that feeling goes away. The same thing for a plane. 602 00:34:27,480 --> 00:34:30,120 Speaker 1: Notice when you accelerate on the tarmac, it's pretty intense, 603 00:34:30,320 --> 00:34:32,640 Speaker 1: but once you're up in the air, you'd barely feel 604 00:34:32,680 --> 00:34:34,440 Speaker 1: a thing. Yeah you think we'd know this. I mean 605 00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:38,560 Speaker 1: we've done sort of research on the rockets led an acceleration, 606 00:34:38,640 --> 00:34:42,879 Speaker 1: and it's just misspeaking in the moment we know this. Oh, 607 00:34:42,920 --> 00:34:44,440 Speaker 1: if I'm in a rupt for a second, I ran 608 00:34:44,480 --> 00:34:49,480 Speaker 1: across this designer's euthanasia roller coaster. What um it was 609 00:34:49,560 --> 00:34:53,840 Speaker 1: basically this guy design It's all conceptual. Obviously, it's slightly 610 00:34:53,880 --> 00:34:56,640 Speaker 1: tongue in cheek. But it was designed to kill you, 611 00:34:56,880 --> 00:34:59,000 Speaker 1: like the roller coaster was designed to kill you and 612 00:34:59,120 --> 00:35:02,160 Speaker 1: to go out with a thrill. Yeah, and he he 613 00:35:02,239 --> 00:35:06,000 Speaker 1: describes like what like at what point you will die 614 00:35:06,480 --> 00:35:09,920 Speaker 1: and from what Basically it's like you are going upside 615 00:35:09,960 --> 00:35:13,759 Speaker 1: down so fast. The acceleration is so great that it 616 00:35:13,880 --> 00:35:18,080 Speaker 1: basically like keeps your heart from pumping. Wow. Um, and 617 00:35:18,239 --> 00:35:20,560 Speaker 1: just to make sure you're dead, he added, like six 618 00:35:20,560 --> 00:35:23,600 Speaker 1: of those loops, but it starts with this huge hill. 619 00:35:23,640 --> 00:35:25,200 Speaker 1: I can't remember what it's called. I think if you 620 00:35:25,239 --> 00:35:28,040 Speaker 1: look up uthan Asia roller coaster, this this guy's design 621 00:35:28,080 --> 00:35:31,080 Speaker 1: will come up. It's pretty interesting. Interesting, but it would 622 00:35:31,120 --> 00:35:34,480 Speaker 1: be from acceleration, not speed. Wow, that's a lot of 623 00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:36,640 Speaker 1: work to put into a killing machine. I would just 624 00:35:36,680 --> 00:35:41,040 Speaker 1: draw a length of rope and a sturdy beam, you know. Um, 625 00:35:41,120 --> 00:35:45,040 Speaker 1: you wouldn't be a successful designer probably so. Uh So. 626 00:35:45,080 --> 00:35:46,920 Speaker 1: Then he puts it in the context of the solar 627 00:35:46,960 --> 00:35:50,520 Speaker 1: sale um and says only very small accelerations are involved, 628 00:35:50,560 --> 00:35:54,480 Speaker 1: so human traveling in such a ship would experience minimal forces. 629 00:35:55,160 --> 00:35:57,600 Speaker 1: So I hope it clears it up a little bit. 630 00:35:57,640 --> 00:36:01,919 Speaker 1: Definitely rocking at guys, and that from knee Raj from 631 00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:07,279 Speaker 1: Australia slash Mauritius ni Raj. Thank you you appreciate that 632 00:36:07,600 --> 00:36:10,239 Speaker 1: we will never make that mistake again. I disagree. I'm 633 00:36:10,239 --> 00:36:14,080 Speaker 1: sure we will speed ull kill you. Where's Northern Ireland, 634 00:36:14,320 --> 00:36:19,759 Speaker 1: Great Britain, k England. We've been getting that one wrong 635 00:36:19,800 --> 00:36:23,160 Speaker 1: forever too. Yeah. You know, there's only so much information 636 00:36:23,239 --> 00:36:26,200 Speaker 1: that human brain can hold, everybody, and we're trying to 637 00:36:26,200 --> 00:36:29,240 Speaker 1: fill it with things like cave dwelling facts and stuff 638 00:36:29,280 --> 00:36:31,800 Speaker 1: like that. Yeah, and who was the bass player for Poison? 639 00:36:32,120 --> 00:36:35,279 Speaker 1: I can't get rid of that? Do you know that? Yeah, 640 00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:39,720 Speaker 1: Bobby Doll, So there's cc It was a guitarist, Brett Michael, 641 00:36:39,880 --> 00:36:43,279 Speaker 1: Brett Michael. Bobby Doll is the guy. He sounds like 642 00:36:43,320 --> 00:36:46,799 Speaker 1: a V seven oriole or something to the drummer. Was 643 00:36:46,960 --> 00:36:50,359 Speaker 1: you remember him right? No? Ricky Rockett? Oh wow? Yeah. 644 00:36:50,920 --> 00:36:52,920 Speaker 1: I I didn't even like poison. That's what's so funny. 645 00:36:52,920 --> 00:36:56,640 Speaker 1: Poison was good. I wouldn't have they were good. Uh, 646 00:36:56,760 --> 00:36:59,880 Speaker 1: let's see if you want to know more about poison already, 647 00:37:00,120 --> 00:37:02,480 Speaker 1: that part didn't I sure. If you want to get 648 00:37:02,480 --> 00:37:05,200 Speaker 1: in touch with us, how about that. You can tweet 649 00:37:05,239 --> 00:37:07,520 Speaker 1: to us at s y s K podcast. You can 650 00:37:07,600 --> 00:37:09,880 Speaker 1: join us on Facebook dot com slash that We Should Know. 651 00:37:10,080 --> 00:37:12,480 Speaker 1: You can send us an email to Stuff Podcast at 652 00:37:12,520 --> 00:37:14,839 Speaker 1: Discovery dot com. You can check out our very fun 653 00:37:14,880 --> 00:37:17,640 Speaker 1: and entertaining home on the web, Stuff you Should Know 654 00:37:17,760 --> 00:37:25,680 Speaker 1: dot com for more on this and thousands of other topics. 655 00:37:25,800 --> 00:37:35,760 Speaker 1: Does it how stuff works dot com? Hey. Netflix streams 656 00:37:35,800 --> 00:37:40,200 Speaker 1: TV shows and movies directly to your TV, computer, wireless device, 657 00:37:40,560 --> 00:37:43,000 Speaker 1: or game console. You can get a thirty day free 658 00:37:43,040 --> 00:37:46,680 Speaker 1: trial membership. Go to www dot Netflix dot com slash 659 00:37:46,719 --> 00:37:47,759 Speaker 1: stuff and sign up now.