WEBVTT - Lab 004: Protect Ya Neck 0:00:00.160 --> 0:00:03.680 I remember in the seventh grade one of my friends, 0:00:03.720 --> 0:00:08.160 her older sister, was sneaking zema's. She had them under 0:00:08.160 --> 0:00:09.560 the bed. Do you know what zemas are? They were 0:00:09.600 --> 0:00:13.080 like yes, right and Berth Yes, It's like a prelude 0:00:13.119 --> 0:00:14.160 to smear advice. 0:00:15.040 --> 0:00:17.439 It was smear knov Ice before smear knop Ice. Zima 0:00:17.640 --> 0:00:18.560 was blazing the trail. 0:00:18.760 --> 0:00:22.240 Something I did without my parents' permission. I got a tattoo. 0:00:22.440 --> 0:00:25.400 Same right before going to college. I got a tattoo. 0:00:26.040 --> 0:00:29.920 And I still don't think my mom knows. She's about 0:00:29.960 --> 0:00:31.960 to know, she's about to know. I didn't know about it. 0:00:32.000 --> 0:00:33.720 Mister Shoda, Yes she did. 0:00:34.000 --> 0:00:36.240 Everybody getting in trouble. If I'm getting in trouble, you 0:00:36.360 --> 0:00:37.080 getting in trouble to you. 0:00:37.159 --> 0:00:41.000 And it was before my time. I'm t T and 0:00:41.040 --> 0:00:51.160 I'm Zachiah And from Spotify Studios. This is Dope Labs. 0:00:59.080 --> 0:01:02.960 Welcome to the Lab. This episode, we're talking about vaccines. 0:01:03.120 --> 0:01:04.880 So tt what did vaccines have to do with all 0:01:04.920 --> 0:01:06.360 the sneaky stuff we did as teenagers. 0:01:06.400 --> 0:01:08.679 Well, we started talking about it after hearing about this 0:01:08.800 --> 0:01:14.440 teenager from Ohio named Ethan Lindenberger. He snuck out of 0:01:14.440 --> 0:01:17.280 his house but not for the reasons that we were 0:01:17.319 --> 0:01:20.920 talking about, Right, he snuck out of his house to 0:01:21.600 --> 0:01:24.040 get a vaccination, Like, snuck out the house and got 0:01:24.080 --> 0:01:27.720 a golf drup living life on the wild side, man. 0:01:29.080 --> 0:01:31.560 But why did he have to sneak out to get vaccinated? 0:01:31.720 --> 0:01:34.000 So Ethan's mom is a part of this growing community 0:01:34.040 --> 0:01:36.920 that is against vaccinations. So they don't really want to 0:01:36.959 --> 0:01:39.479 vaccinate their children because they feel like it has some 0:01:39.520 --> 0:01:44.280 adverse effects. And Ethan says that his mama basically was 0:01:44.640 --> 0:01:47.680 at Facebook University getting all this information. 0:01:47.560 --> 0:01:51.000 And so he's been testifying in the Senate hearing to 0:01:51.080 --> 0:01:53.680 kind of give kids the right to get vaccinated if 0:01:53.680 --> 0:01:55.160 they want to, because he was only able to do 0:01:55.160 --> 0:01:57.000 it because he was eighteen. Right, that's when I got 0:01:57.000 --> 0:01:59.720 my tattooed. But I was still living at home and terrified. 0:02:00.040 --> 0:02:02.240 I don't know how you got away with that, Chile. 0:02:04.440 --> 0:02:06.200 The other thing to remember is that this, even though 0:02:06.200 --> 0:02:08.639 we heard about it because of Ethan, that story really 0:02:08.680 --> 0:02:10.760 helps us kind of capture where we are today. This 0:02:10.880 --> 0:02:12.320 isn't just happening in Ohio. 0:02:12.560 --> 0:02:15.359 So there are some reasons why people don't want to 0:02:15.360 --> 0:02:16.440 get vaccinated, right. 0:02:16.360 --> 0:02:20.160 Yeah, and some of them are good reasons, well, what 0:02:20.200 --> 0:02:22.240 I would consider a good reason, Like there are medical 0:02:22.240 --> 0:02:25.520 reasons you're allergic to something that's in the vaccine, so 0:02:25.560 --> 0:02:28.840 like if you're allergic to eggs, eggs, right, religious reasons, 0:02:29.639 --> 0:02:31.680 And then there are some people who it's like a 0:02:31.720 --> 0:02:34.519 philosophical reason, like I'm not sure about it. I don't 0:02:34.520 --> 0:02:37.320 think the government should tell me what I should do 0:02:37.360 --> 0:02:38.040 with my child. 0:02:38.240 --> 0:02:42.360 I kind of understand a little bit why people are like, oh, 0:02:42.480 --> 0:02:45.720 I'm not too sure about vaccines because people don't really 0:02:45.760 --> 0:02:50.160 trust the medical community and because of I mean, it's history, 0:02:50.960 --> 0:02:56.480 but they're absolute trust in people who are not even 0:02:57.200 --> 0:03:01.120 medicine adjacent, like people who who don't even have a 0:03:01.280 --> 0:03:04.040 lick of a degree in any type of biological science 0:03:04.160 --> 0:03:05.519 is a mind boggling to me. 0:03:05.639 --> 0:03:07.600 Like Jenny McCarthy has been one of the most outspoken 0:03:07.639 --> 0:03:12.000 celebrities against vaccines, but Cindy Crawford, Jim Carrey, Charlie Sheen, 0:03:12.480 --> 0:03:15.480 and Alicia Silverstone with Tiger Blood Tiger Blood Yes, and 0:03:15.520 --> 0:03:18.480 Alicia Silverstone from Clueless, they've all expressed concernment it comes 0:03:18.480 --> 0:03:21.200 to vaccine safety. Why are you going to Jenny McCarthy 0:03:21.760 --> 0:03:24.320 for your medical advice? I mean it's just like going 0:03:24.360 --> 0:03:26.040 to Dry Rule for political advice. You remember that Dave 0:03:26.080 --> 0:03:28.720 Chappelle's skit. Yes, it's like, no one wants to hear 0:03:28.760 --> 0:03:30.720 from dry Rule. I personally don't want to hear from 0:03:30.800 --> 0:03:33.440 Jenny McCarthy, not about medicine. Maybe she can maybe if 0:03:33.480 --> 0:03:35.840 I'm going back on singled out, I remember that showing. 0:03:36.640 --> 0:03:39.040 But other than that, no, thank you exactly unless you 0:03:39.160 --> 0:03:42.400 count down the ball drop on Ryan Seacrest New Year's 0:03:42.440 --> 0:03:43.040 Rock and Eve. 0:03:42.920 --> 0:03:44.720 I don't want to hear from you. Keep it. But 0:03:44.920 --> 0:03:47.200 you know what's happening now. People are getting sick. 0:03:47.320 --> 0:03:50.680 And the year two thousand, measles was pretty much eliminated. 0:03:50.200 --> 0:03:53.120 Right, it was eradicated. The CDC declared it eradicated, right. 0:03:52.960 --> 0:03:57.280 And now there have been already over two hundred and 0:03:57.320 --> 0:04:00.400 fifty confirmed cases of measles in twenty nine. 0:04:00.640 --> 0:04:02.760 Yeah, did you see the boy in Oregon who had 0:04:02.800 --> 0:04:05.280 tetanus and was in the hospital all those weeks? Listen. 0:04:05.400 --> 0:04:07.960 I don't even really know what tetanus is, because that's 0:04:08.000 --> 0:04:11.040 something that I felt like only the Pilgrim's. 0:04:10.520 --> 0:04:15.720 Got, well, every pilgrim had tetanus. Listen, it's the Oregon 0:04:15.760 --> 0:04:20.200 trail out here Okay, you have got to check your neighbor. 0:04:20.279 --> 0:04:22.400 I feel like we're going back in time. I don't 0:04:22.440 --> 0:04:23.120 want this life. 0:04:23.120 --> 0:04:25.920 I don't want to be walking outside and feeling like, oh, 0:04:26.120 --> 0:04:28.920 there's a chance I may catch some medieval disease. 0:04:29.120 --> 0:04:31.360 Well you better keep your eyes open because the black 0:04:31.400 --> 0:04:35.480 flague might be next. So let's get into the recitation. 0:04:35.800 --> 0:04:37.760 What do we know? Zakia? Just to get everybody on 0:04:37.760 --> 0:04:39.880 the same page, this episode is not about whether or 0:04:39.880 --> 0:04:40.800 not vaccines work. 0:04:40.960 --> 0:04:41.120 Right. 0:04:41.240 --> 0:04:43.719 We know that they work right when they're introduced to 0:04:43.720 --> 0:04:46.800 a population. The instance of those cases, right, the number 0:04:46.839 --> 0:04:49.760 of cases for the disease that you're vaccinating against, it drops, 0:04:49.880 --> 0:04:52.680 and it drops dramatically. We also know that they've been 0:04:52.680 --> 0:04:55.320 around for a while, right, Yeah, we were talking about measles, 0:04:55.320 --> 0:04:57.839 and the measles vaccine has been around since nineteen sixty three, 0:04:58.000 --> 0:05:00.599 so it's been through a lot of testing. It's also 0:05:00.720 --> 0:05:04.680 been deployed for millions of people across the United States, 0:05:04.720 --> 0:05:07.640 because that's how science works, like it gets tested over 0:05:07.800 --> 0:05:10.880 and over and over and over again, especially things that 0:05:10.960 --> 0:05:12.760 are going to be put out onto the population for 0:05:12.839 --> 0:05:16.279 us to consume. I feel like I understand how vaccines 0:05:16.320 --> 0:05:18.599 work and how viruses work. I do not, And I 0:05:18.600 --> 0:05:20.880 think because I understand what a vaccine is and what 0:05:20.920 --> 0:05:24.320 a virus is, I'm asking why are people not getting vaccinated? 0:05:24.320 --> 0:05:27.440 So I'm more interested in the behavior. I have a 0:05:27.440 --> 0:05:28.360 lot of questions. 0:05:28.560 --> 0:05:30.880 I feel like there was an uptick in people saying 0:05:30.920 --> 0:05:35.240 that their vaccine hesitant or anti vaxxers in recent years, 0:05:35.320 --> 0:05:38.840 and so I'm wondering if scientists have been seeing that. 0:05:38.839 --> 0:05:41.440 Uptick and what do they attribute to that uptick. Is 0:05:41.480 --> 0:05:45.760 it just memes on the internet or are there is 0:05:45.800 --> 0:05:48.680 there a greater force at play here? Yeah, And I'm 0:05:48.800 --> 0:05:51.560 kind of just interested in the basics, like what is 0:05:51.600 --> 0:05:52.240 a virus? 0:05:52.279 --> 0:05:54.960 Like, what is a vaccine? How does a vaccine work? 0:05:55.080 --> 0:05:56.320 So let's get into the dissection. 0:05:56.600 --> 0:06:02.520 Buckle in, here we go. Today's guest is doctor Rupolli LeMay. 0:06:02.640 --> 0:06:05.400 I am an assistant scientist here at the Johns Hopkins 0:06:05.400 --> 0:06:07.839 Bloomberg School of Public Health. I also serve as the 0:06:07.920 --> 0:06:11.760 Associate director for Behavioral Research for the Institute for Vaccine Safety. 0:06:11.800 --> 0:06:13.839 So one of the things that's really cool about Rupauli 0:06:14.000 --> 0:06:16.719 is that she used to be in marketing. 0:06:16.320 --> 0:06:17.760 So she knows about a good message. 0:06:17.800 --> 0:06:20.240 So I've come at public health in a very different way. 0:06:20.800 --> 0:06:22.960 And what we're trying to do is think about how 0:06:23.000 --> 0:06:26.200 do we use persuasion techniques to get parents to accept 0:06:26.240 --> 0:06:27.280 vaccines for their children. 0:06:27.360 --> 0:06:30.160 Rupolli is a woman after our own hearts. She understands 0:06:30.200 --> 0:06:32.360 that the science it's only as good as the medium 0:06:32.400 --> 0:06:35.000 that you're using to communicate it, right, Right, nobody wants 0:06:35.040 --> 0:06:38.040 to read paragraphs on paragraphs of the dry eyes commercial 0:06:38.080 --> 0:06:39.880 basis exactly. Nobody wants that you. 0:06:39.839 --> 0:06:45.800 Know, there's verses, right, So first things first, before we 0:06:45.839 --> 0:06:48.359 get into vaccines and how they work, let's start with 0:06:48.400 --> 0:06:49.160 the basics. 0:06:49.360 --> 0:06:52.039 What is a virus? I like to think of viruses 0:06:52.080 --> 0:06:54.720 as like little peanut eminem's right, love peanut M and M. 0:06:54.920 --> 0:06:58.360 Well you want well, love peanut eminems and not viruses. 0:06:58.720 --> 0:07:01.760 So you have the hard shell, right, that's like your 0:07:01.760 --> 0:07:06.080 protein coat that has different particles and different types of 0:07:06.080 --> 0:07:09.800 proteins on the outside, and then inside the peanut is 0:07:09.880 --> 0:07:12.000 some type of nucleic acid. So it could be DNA 0:07:12.160 --> 0:07:14.760 or RNA depending on the virus. So that's the anatomy. 0:07:14.800 --> 0:07:16.640 That's the basic anatomy of a virus. 0:07:16.720 --> 0:07:20.040 Okay, peanut eminem i got it, But what do they 0:07:20.160 --> 0:07:20.720 do it? 0:07:20.760 --> 0:07:24.000 Really lives to reproduce, is what it's. It's really the 0:07:24.040 --> 0:07:25.080 best way to explain it. 0:07:25.120 --> 0:07:26.440 And it's spread by a number of ways. 0:07:26.560 --> 0:07:29.080 Right, you can cough on someone, You can have droplets 0:07:29.120 --> 0:07:32.120 in the air from sneezing, really any contact, mostly with 0:07:32.200 --> 0:07:33.040 bodily fluids. 0:07:33.080 --> 0:07:34.800 Remember that woman that was on the train with us 0:07:34.840 --> 0:07:36.520 coughing and not covering her mouth. 0:07:36.720 --> 0:07:40.240 Yes, she was a projectile. 0:07:39.960 --> 0:07:42.800 Pushing those organisms all over the train, and I was like, 0:07:42.840 --> 0:07:45.640 we have to change cars. Zakia literally leaned over to 0:07:45.680 --> 0:07:49.040 me and said, she has protests, we have to change cars. 0:07:50.360 --> 0:07:52.040 If she wasn't going to cover her mouth, she at 0:07:52.080 --> 0:07:54.800 least needed to put on like a nextcare mask. Yes, okay, 0:07:54.840 --> 0:07:56.840 but once you get a virus, how do those things 0:07:56.840 --> 0:07:58.560 harlem shake through your whole entire body. 0:07:58.640 --> 0:08:01.200 So usually what happens is that a virus will enter 0:08:01.440 --> 0:08:03.840 your body, it has to find a hostyle to infect. 0:08:03.920 --> 0:08:07.160 Once it gets into that host cell, it replicates, and 0:08:07.200 --> 0:08:09.680 then once it replicates, it leaves that host cell through 0:08:09.720 --> 0:08:11.920 the membrane and goes to infect other host cells. 0:08:11.960 --> 0:08:14.080 I think viruses are like you know in the cartoons 0:08:14.400 --> 0:08:17.720 where it's like two kids and a coat. They ring 0:08:18.160 --> 0:08:20.000 there like when there's the little rascals when they stack 0:08:20.040 --> 0:08:21.840 them cells on top, stack themselves on top of each 0:08:21.880 --> 0:08:24.000 other and ring the doorbell. That's how a virus enters 0:08:24.000 --> 0:08:24.760 your cells. 0:08:24.600 --> 0:08:28.160 Right, Hello, I'm here to sell you encyclopedias. Then they 0:08:28.160 --> 0:08:30.560 get inside like psych I'm here to infect and. 0:08:30.520 --> 0:08:32.800 Then they just hijack all the machinery and make tons 0:08:32.800 --> 0:08:34.760 of more virus that then goes on to do the 0:08:34.800 --> 0:08:37.760 same thing at each other hostess dipset and go to 0:08:37.800 --> 0:08:38.360 the next cell. 0:08:38.679 --> 0:08:41.320 So it just continues to spread rapidly through your body. 0:08:41.360 --> 0:08:43.720 So what really happens If you think about each cell 0:08:44.080 --> 0:08:45.920 as like a house in a neighborhood. You go from 0:08:46.600 --> 0:08:49.240 one person ringing the doorbell, right, one of those disguises 0:08:49.280 --> 0:08:51.480 is to like trigger treat. It's like everybody at every 0:08:51.520 --> 0:08:54.240 door pushing to get into all those host sales. Right, 0:08:54.320 --> 0:08:55.520 it's mayhem, it's madness. 0:08:55.600 --> 0:08:58.319 After these cells are infected with these viruses, these kids 0:08:58.320 --> 0:09:01.240 that are just running up on all of us, what happens. 0:09:01.480 --> 0:09:04.680 What are the symptoms that start to occur. Let's take 0:09:04.720 --> 0:09:05.760 measles for example. 0:09:06.040 --> 0:09:08.079 In terms of symptoms, it's sort of the run of 0:09:08.080 --> 0:09:10.439 the melt, like it's a fever. It's a cough, it's 0:09:10.480 --> 0:09:13.000 a runny nose, it could be a sore throat. Your 0:09:13.040 --> 0:09:16.080 child could get conjunctivitis. So if you're a parent and 0:09:16.120 --> 0:09:19.559 you're experiencing these symptoms with your child, you might just say, oh, 0:09:19.640 --> 0:09:22.360 my kid has the flu or you know, some sort 0:09:22.360 --> 0:09:25.360 of other viral infection. It wouldn't necessarily think it was measles. 0:09:25.520 --> 0:09:27.760 Yeah, and this can get really serious and in some 0:09:27.840 --> 0:09:29.960 cases it can lead to death. That's a lot of backterier. 0:09:30.040 --> 0:09:31.480 Can I just use a bunch of pirel? 0:09:31.679 --> 0:09:31.800 Uh? 0:09:32.120 --> 0:09:32.480 Okay? 0:09:32.520 --> 0:09:32.600 So? 0:09:34.600 --> 0:09:37.720 Oh no, no, I know I said something wrong. You know, uh, 0:09:39.160 --> 0:09:42.840 that's not quite right. There's a big difference between viruses 0:09:42.840 --> 0:09:46.000 and bacteria, one being that there's no cure for a virus. 0:09:46.240 --> 0:09:50.000 So, you know, from like a parental perspective, people will say, oh, 0:09:50.160 --> 0:09:52.120 you know, maybe your doctor'll say we'll give a viral infection, 0:09:52.160 --> 0:09:54.600 and they'll say, well, can I get antibiotics? It's not 0:09:54.640 --> 0:09:55.840 really going to do anything for it. 0:09:56.480 --> 0:09:59.520 Oh so pirel is not gonna it's not gonna do that, 0:09:59.679 --> 0:10:02.560 not gonna. So, because viruses don't have a cure, it's 0:10:02.600 --> 0:10:03.359 all about. 0:10:03.080 --> 0:10:05.080 Prevention, and a lot of that has to do with 0:10:05.320 --> 0:10:08.960 being able to defend against them when they present to 0:10:09.000 --> 0:10:10.480 our bodies or when we encounter them. 0:10:10.600 --> 0:10:13.560 Vaccinations can't cure them, but they can stop them from spreading, 0:10:13.679 --> 0:10:16.400 and that's why vaccinations are so important within viruses. 0:10:16.679 --> 0:10:19.680 So let's have doctor LeMay help us break down vaccines. 0:10:19.800 --> 0:10:21.520 What are they and how do they work. 0:10:21.720 --> 0:10:23.760 The most I think common way that people are familiar 0:10:23.760 --> 0:10:26.280 with is that you take the virus, you weaken it, 0:10:26.760 --> 0:10:29.640 you then inject it into someone's body through a vaccine. 0:10:29.920 --> 0:10:33.240 So then your immune system, your B cell sort of response, 0:10:33.360 --> 0:10:35.679 remembers it. So in the future, if you get infected 0:10:35.679 --> 0:10:37.640 by that virus, you're able to fight against it. 0:10:37.800 --> 0:10:40.320 B cells these are white blood cells that help your 0:10:40.320 --> 0:10:41.920 body with building immunity. 0:10:42.040 --> 0:10:43.800 So when we think about immunity, they are kind of 0:10:43.840 --> 0:10:46.160 two different ways. You split it up. There's innate immunity 0:10:46.200 --> 0:10:48.880 that you're born with, and then there's adaptive immunity, which 0:10:48.880 --> 0:10:51.480 is where B sales play a role. And adaptive immunity 0:10:51.559 --> 0:10:54.320 is like see something, say something. So I saw something 0:10:54.360 --> 0:10:56.720 that's out of place and is strange. I remember it 0:10:56.760 --> 0:10:58.240 and the next time I see it, I know to 0:10:58.240 --> 0:11:00.600 get rid of it. And so your b are part 0:11:00.600 --> 0:11:01.200 of that system. 0:11:01.280 --> 0:11:03.520 So when the vaccine, the weak and form of the 0:11:03.600 --> 0:11:06.400 virus is injected into you. It's just so that your 0:11:06.400 --> 0:11:09.560 body recognizes it when the real deal shows up. 0:11:09.559 --> 0:11:12.199 But because it's a weakened virus, your body is able 0:11:12.240 --> 0:11:14.520 to fight it. So as a result, when you actually 0:11:14.559 --> 0:11:17.960 perhaps encounter that virus, you will be able to fight 0:11:18.000 --> 0:11:20.240 it and not deal with really the more negative and 0:11:20.280 --> 0:11:22.079 dire consequences of viruses. 0:11:22.120 --> 0:11:24.400 Your body is creating a most wanted list so that 0:11:24.760 --> 0:11:27.080 as soon as it sees this person is showing up 0:11:27.120 --> 0:11:29.679 at your door, it's like, I know exactly who you are, 0:11:29.720 --> 0:11:30.840 and I'm not answering it. 0:11:30.880 --> 0:11:33.280 If a virus enters your body that you're vaccinated against, 0:11:33.600 --> 0:11:35.960 your immune system has already seen this before, so the 0:11:36.000 --> 0:11:38.640 sort of flag goes up. The army kind of gets 0:11:38.640 --> 0:11:41.400 into place of your immune system, if you will, and 0:11:41.440 --> 0:11:42.480 they know how to fight it. 0:11:42.720 --> 0:11:45.280 So what vaccines are sounding like is like a dating 0:11:45.280 --> 0:11:50.640 app essentially, It's like vaccine tender. You see something coming up, 0:11:50.640 --> 0:11:54.120 that virus got a gold to swipe left right, a 0:11:54.280 --> 0:11:59.480 political swipe left, struggle mals swipe left. 0:11:59.559 --> 0:12:01.760 That's right. So now we know how vaccines work on 0:12:01.800 --> 0:12:04.080 a cellular level, But how do they work in the 0:12:04.080 --> 0:12:04.920 broad population. 0:12:05.160 --> 0:12:06.840 Here at Dope Blasts, we try not to throw around 0:12:06.880 --> 0:12:09.480 a lot of scientific words, but there are two words 0:12:09.720 --> 0:12:13.160 you really need to know for this episode, herd immunity. 0:12:13.320 --> 0:12:15.440 So I think the easiest way to think about herd 0:12:15.440 --> 0:12:19.480 immunity is thinking about it like a protective net if 0:12:19.800 --> 0:12:22.600 enough people. Let's say you have ten people in a herd, 0:12:23.280 --> 0:12:25.640 and let's say that all of them are vaccinated, So 0:12:25.720 --> 0:12:28.560 if measles comes along and wants to infect someone, it 0:12:28.600 --> 0:12:30.640 will just die out because there's no one for it 0:12:30.640 --> 0:12:32.640 to infect. And we know for it to live, it 0:12:32.679 --> 0:12:35.080 has to be able to replicate. It literally exists to replicate. 0:12:35.520 --> 0:12:37.199 If we think about it from a different scenario and 0:12:37.280 --> 0:12:40.200 let's say out of ten people, only five people are vaccinated, 0:12:40.480 --> 0:12:43.000 it's much easier for measles to get in and then 0:12:43.040 --> 0:12:45.240 spread it to other people. So there has to be 0:12:45.440 --> 0:12:49.319 enough susceptible people or hosts for the virus to continue 0:12:49.360 --> 0:12:49.640 to live. 0:12:49.800 --> 0:12:52.000 And that protective armor is so much more important when 0:12:52.000 --> 0:12:55.080 the virus is contagious. So there are levels to how 0:12:55.160 --> 0:12:58.559 contagious a virus is. So, for example, measles is really 0:12:58.640 --> 0:13:01.400 highly contagious, and what we mean by that is we 0:13:01.520 --> 0:13:03.840 use a number called the reproductive number, and that tells 0:13:03.880 --> 0:13:06.560 you how many more people can be infected by one 0:13:06.640 --> 0:13:09.480 case of measles. So let's just say you have twenty 0:13:09.480 --> 0:13:10.679 people over at a dinner party. 0:13:10.720 --> 0:13:12.400 I don't know if I would have twenty people, but 0:13:12.440 --> 0:13:14.320 that's fine, Okay, I don't know twenty people. 0:13:14.360 --> 0:13:16.680 I just know you, your husband, and your sisters and 0:13:16.679 --> 0:13:18.200 your parents, and that's it. That's not even twenty and 0:13:18.280 --> 0:13:22.280 Daisy my dog. So if you had twenty people over 0:13:22.320 --> 0:13:24.160 for a dinner party and one person showed up and 0:13:24.200 --> 0:13:26.359 had measles and no one in the room was vaccinated, 0:13:26.760 --> 0:13:30.040 twelve to eighteen people would get measles. Oh my god. 0:13:30.080 --> 0:13:31.839 So that's how many cases can you get from one 0:13:31.880 --> 0:13:33.880 case of measles. So if you think about what that 0:13:33.960 --> 0:13:37.400 number is for let's say HIV, it's two to five 0:13:37.440 --> 0:13:39.840 people at the party, considering they had sexual conn What 0:13:39.880 --> 0:13:43.120 about protests like that woman like, that's about five to 0:13:43.160 --> 0:13:46.679 five and a half people on average, So, oh my goodness, 0:13:47.000 --> 0:13:49.080 we really could have got protested. Well, well I can't 0:13:49.080 --> 0:13:54.040 because I'm vaccinating vaccinated. It come on, somebody. So the 0:13:54.080 --> 0:13:57.160 thing to think about is herd immunity is particularly important 0:13:57.200 --> 0:14:00.800 for something like measles, where the contagiousness is so so hi. 0:14:01.320 --> 0:14:04.240 That's why measles is such a challenge for us, because 0:14:04.280 --> 0:14:06.680 we have to really have high rates of adherence to 0:14:06.720 --> 0:14:09.640 the vaccine, and if you don't, it ends up spreading 0:14:09.720 --> 0:14:11.760 very very very rapidly, and that just happens to do 0:14:11.800 --> 0:14:12.760 with how they transmit. 0:14:13.280 --> 0:14:15.480 So even if you don't think you need a vaccine, 0:14:15.840 --> 0:14:19.800 part of her immunity is that it's not just about. 0:14:19.560 --> 0:14:22.880 You, right, what about older people? What about babies they 0:14:22.880 --> 0:14:25.560 can't get vaccinated? Yet not being a self self centered it's. 0:14:25.480 --> 0:14:28.480 About protecting the people that you love, and we're doing 0:14:28.560 --> 0:14:32.480 this strategy it's called cocooning where we're asking, for example, 0:14:33.000 --> 0:14:35.960 if you're about to have a baby that you as 0:14:36.000 --> 0:14:38.160 the mother, as well as everyone that you found yourself with, 0:14:38.560 --> 0:14:41.000 your spouse, your mother in law, your parents, et cetera, 0:14:41.120 --> 0:14:44.200 should all get the flu vaccine because that baby can't 0:14:44.200 --> 0:14:46.400 be fully vaccinated for a while. So you are literally 0:14:46.440 --> 0:14:49.960 forming that level of protection, that sort of web if 0:14:49.960 --> 0:14:53.120 you will, until that baby is old enough to get vaccinated. 0:14:53.320 --> 0:14:57.000 That's exactly what Gabrielle Union did right when Kavea James 0:14:57.120 --> 0:15:01.560 Union Wade aka Shady baby he was born, and Oprah 0:15:01.600 --> 0:15:04.600 wanted to do an interview. Gabrielle said that everyone on 0:15:04.640 --> 0:15:07.560 the production team had to be vaccinated before they stepped 0:15:07.560 --> 0:15:10.400 foot into her house. She was Cocoon and the shady baby, 0:15:10.440 --> 0:15:14.200 and that's exactly what her community is is providing indirect 0:15:14.200 --> 0:15:16.960 protection for a baby. Kvea. We love you, Kavia, we 0:15:17.000 --> 0:15:18.760 love you. Yes, we're big fans. 0:15:19.160 --> 0:15:21.200 Okay, we're gonna take a break, and when we come back, 0:15:21.240 --> 0:15:23.640 we're gonna talk about the good and bad feelings that 0:15:23.680 --> 0:15:25.680 are associated with vaccination. 0:15:25.320 --> 0:15:27.240 The good, the bad, and the ugly. I always love 0:15:27.280 --> 0:15:29.160 saying that I don't like Clint Eastwood no more, though 0:15:30.680 --> 0:15:33.040 we don't like a lot of people anymore. Stay tuned, 0:15:52.000 --> 0:15:54.400 all right, So we're back and we're ready to talk 0:15:54.440 --> 0:15:56.680 about vaccine hesitancy. What's up with that? 0:15:56.800 --> 0:16:00.640 Vaccine hesitancy is anyone that thinks about delaying of vaccine, 0:16:00.800 --> 0:16:03.960 trying to think about an alternative schedule, or really having 0:16:03.960 --> 0:16:06.480 major concerns that would make them think about perhaps not 0:16:06.520 --> 0:16:08.080 getting a vaccine that's recommended. 0:16:08.440 --> 0:16:12.080 So, in terms of how people feel about vaccinations, it's 0:16:12.160 --> 0:16:14.760 kind of a spectrum, right, We're on one end. You 0:16:14.840 --> 0:16:17.640 have people who are saying yeah, that's totally fine, I'm 0:16:17.640 --> 0:16:19.680 going to take my kid to go get vaccinated as 0:16:19.720 --> 0:16:20.840 soon as the doctor tells me. 0:16:21.040 --> 0:16:23.960 Mostly about a third of the population is usually kind 0:16:23.960 --> 0:16:25.720 of like, yeah, I'm going to get vaccines. I'm going 0:16:25.760 --> 0:16:26.720 to do what my doctor says. 0:16:26.800 --> 0:16:28.760 Right on the other end of the spectrum, you have 0:16:28.760 --> 0:16:31.200 people who are completely against it and they say no, 0:16:31.280 --> 0:16:33.760 I will not vaccinate my child no matter what. Yes, 0:16:33.800 --> 0:16:36.600 And that's about two percent, and they're commonly called anti 0:16:36.680 --> 0:16:38.120 vaxxers or anti vaccination. 0:16:38.360 --> 0:16:41.440 Then you have another probably fifty percent of the population 0:16:41.600 --> 0:16:44.720 that is sort of ambivalent, if you will, so just 0:16:44.760 --> 0:16:46.400 needs to be nudged in the right direction. 0:16:46.800 --> 0:16:49.280 And then there's a huge chunk leftover who might just 0:16:49.360 --> 0:16:52.240 be vaccine hesitant. So what are the reasons that people 0:16:52.280 --> 0:16:55.400 tend to be vaccine hesitant? What leads them to this hesitancy. 0:16:55.520 --> 0:16:58.880 So there's usually three reasons people tend to be vaccine hesitant. 0:16:59.320 --> 0:17:02.680 One has to do with this unfortunate misconception related to 0:17:02.720 --> 0:17:06.520 adverse events related to vaccines. So that's what's really driving hesitancy, 0:17:06.680 --> 0:17:09.960 is people are concerned about safety of vaccines. The second 0:17:10.000 --> 0:17:13.000 tends to be about the schedule I think that parents 0:17:13.040 --> 0:17:16.520 get very overwhelmed, particularly when they first have a baby 0:17:16.920 --> 0:17:19.240 and they realize how many shots this baby has to 0:17:19.280 --> 0:17:20.679 get at the two month, at the four month, at 0:17:20.720 --> 0:17:22.600 the six month, and they think, oh, my gosh, this 0:17:22.640 --> 0:17:23.640 can't be good. Right. 0:17:23.680 --> 0:17:25.680 And then the third sort of reason that people are 0:17:25.680 --> 0:17:28.960 hesitant is having to do with ingredients. Like people will say, oh, 0:17:28.960 --> 0:17:31.240 there's formal to hide in a vaccine, And the way 0:17:31.280 --> 0:17:32.760 that we have tried to address this is, you know, 0:17:32.800 --> 0:17:34.439 my response to them is, you know what, there's more 0:17:34.440 --> 0:17:36.840 formal to hide in a pair that's in a vaccine. 0:17:36.880 --> 0:17:39.640 I've never felt more betrayed by a fruit like Rick 0:17:39.720 --> 0:17:42.399 Ross's shout out to de Paars shut out to pairs. 0:17:43.560 --> 0:17:46.120 But we do hear that concern from parents. They're sort 0:17:46.160 --> 0:17:48.240 of like, why would I inject a virus inside of me? 0:17:48.720 --> 0:17:50.959 What we're trying to get parents to understand is that 0:17:51.000 --> 0:17:52.720 it's better for your body to be exposed to it 0:17:52.760 --> 0:17:54.359 so that you're ready to prepare it. I kind of 0:17:54.400 --> 0:17:56.440 think about it like a car seat for a baby. 0:17:56.760 --> 0:17:58.600 You hope that you're not in a car accident ever, 0:17:58.760 --> 0:18:00.639 but it's nice that it's there, so if a car 0:18:00.680 --> 0:18:03.000 accident does happen. Your child is protected. 0:18:03.359 --> 0:18:05.399 Okay, so let's go back to the first reason that 0:18:05.480 --> 0:18:10.159 Rupauli mentioned, the one about misconceptions around vaccine safety. Unfortunately, 0:18:10.160 --> 0:18:12.840 there's been at least one well known instance where a 0:18:12.920 --> 0:18:16.960 doctor published research around vaccines that was later proven to 0:18:17.000 --> 0:18:20.280 be complete trash in that it was completely false. 0:18:20.440 --> 0:18:22.440 The biggest one in sort of the elephant in the room, right, 0:18:22.560 --> 0:18:24.760 is sort of the nineteen ninety eight study that was 0:18:24.800 --> 0:18:28.199