WEBVTT - From the Vault: Jupiter the Destroyer, Part 1 0:00:05.720 --> 0:00:08.080 Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind. My name 0:00:08.119 --> 0:00:11.000 is Robert Lamb and I'm Joe McCormick, and it's Saturday. 0:00:11.160 --> 0:00:14.720 Time for an old Vault episode. This one originally aired 0:00:14.760 --> 0:00:19.840 on March and it's called Jupiter the Destroyer Part one. 0:00:20.440 --> 0:00:23.200 Uh So this is about about both the God and 0:00:23.280 --> 0:00:27.880 the planet Jupiter and and they're potentially destructive power. Yeah, 0:00:28.040 --> 0:00:33.839 all right, let's explore. Welcome to stot to Blow Your 0:00:33.840 --> 0:00:43.199 Mind production of my Heart Radio. Hey, you welcome to 0:00:43.320 --> 0:00:45.800 Stuff to Blow Your Mind. My name is Robert Lamb 0:00:46.360 --> 0:00:49.040 and I'm Joe McCormick, and today we bring you ill 0:00:49.120 --> 0:00:52.040 omens from the planet Jupiter. Today is gonna be the 0:00:52.120 --> 0:00:54.080 first of a two part series where we're going to 0:00:54.160 --> 0:00:57.640 be looking at the planet Jupiter and how Jupiter interacts 0:00:57.720 --> 0:01:02.640 with some some specific mythology about the wars before the 0:01:02.680 --> 0:01:06.000 world we know, and how that also relates to some 0:01:06.080 --> 0:01:09.400 very interesting scientific theories concerning the fate of the planets 0:01:09.400 --> 0:01:12.520 in our Solar system and in star systems beyond throughout 0:01:12.560 --> 0:01:15.319 the galaxy. But I start I wanted to start off 0:01:15.360 --> 0:01:19.440 today by talking about the belief that the motion of 0:01:19.480 --> 0:01:22.920 the planets can have dire effects on the fate of 0:01:22.959 --> 0:01:25.800 creatures here on Earth. Of course, this is a long 0:01:25.840 --> 0:01:30.240 time tenant of many of the world's different traditions of astrology. 0:01:30.280 --> 0:01:32.480 But like if you read astrology today, Rob, I don't 0:01:32.480 --> 0:01:36.280 know if you've had this experience, there's little sense in 0:01:36.280 --> 0:01:40.720 in astrology today that like the planets are literally doing 0:01:41.000 --> 0:01:44.399 physical things to you, like they're reaching down with I 0:01:44.400 --> 0:01:47.600 don't know, with like gravity or winds or something to 0:01:47.680 --> 0:01:50.720 have physical effects on your life. Rather, the mechanism that 0:01:50.880 --> 0:01:54.320 is believed to to link the movement of the planets 0:01:54.400 --> 0:01:58.040 or the constellations or whatever uh to your fate is 0:01:58.040 --> 0:01:59.800 is a more obscure one. It's a kind of like 0:01:59.840 --> 0:02:05.240 in visible almost kind of young ian um anti causal relationship. 0:02:05.360 --> 0:02:08.079 Would you would you agree, Yeah, yeah, I would think so. 0:02:08.160 --> 0:02:09.640 And I mean not that I spent a lot of 0:02:09.680 --> 0:02:14.320 time in the astrology section, but right, But sometimes people 0:02:14.360 --> 0:02:16.760 have believed that the movement of the planets or the 0:02:16.800 --> 0:02:20.960 constellations have more direct physical effects on the Earth that 0:02:21.080 --> 0:02:23.959 can absolutely influence the fate of people or the fate 0:02:24.000 --> 0:02:26.800 of nations. So I wanted to talk about one example 0:02:26.840 --> 0:02:29.520 that we discussed way back when we did an episode 0:02:29.560 --> 0:02:33.480 on Miasthma theory, and I remember the miasma theory was 0:02:33.720 --> 0:02:38.640 a it was a theory of disease that predated modern 0:02:38.720 --> 0:02:42.040 germ theory. It was the idea that disease was often 0:02:42.280 --> 0:02:46.480 was spread by like bad vapors or foul smelling odors, 0:02:46.639 --> 0:02:49.440 winds that went from you know, that that might come 0:02:49.520 --> 0:02:52.560 up from the earth or down from heaven and would 0:02:52.639 --> 0:02:56.119 bring the plague, or would bring malaria or something like that. 0:02:56.720 --> 0:02:58.840 And so the example I wanted to look at was 0:02:58.919 --> 0:03:02.480 how in the year thirteen, this was during the Second 0:03:02.560 --> 0:03:06.560 Plague pandemic, when the bubonic plague was sweeping through Europe. 0:03:06.560 --> 0:03:10.280 It was devastating towns and cities. Of course, people had 0:03:10.320 --> 0:03:14.040 no understanding of what was actually causing the disease. So 0:03:14.200 --> 0:03:17.880 King Philip the sixth of France called in scholars from 0:03:17.880 --> 0:03:21.280 the medical faculty of the University of Paris to see 0:03:21.280 --> 0:03:23.600 if they could figure out what was going on. And 0:03:23.639 --> 0:03:27.160 the scholars discussed things, they researched the matter, and they 0:03:27.160 --> 0:03:30.320 eventually came back with an answer. And their answer was this. 0:03:31.120 --> 0:03:37.480 On March Mars, Jupiter and Saturn had all lined up 0:03:37.480 --> 0:03:41.320 in conjunction and it happened within the House of Aquarius. 0:03:41.800 --> 0:03:45.200 And this was bad because to these scholars, Uh, there 0:03:45.240 --> 0:03:48.160 was a causative story to tell here. The conjunction of 0:03:48.280 --> 0:03:51.880 Jupiter and Saturn, to them was said to bring death 0:03:51.960 --> 0:03:55.840 and calamity, and the conjunction of Jupiter and Mars was 0:03:55.880 --> 0:03:59.120 said to bring pestilence on the breeze. And then this 0:03:59.240 --> 0:04:01.920 was both of the those things happening at the same time. 0:04:02.600 --> 0:04:04.960 So here I'm gonna quote from a historian named ole 0:04:05.240 --> 0:04:10.040 Jorgan Benedicto from his book The Black Death to thirteen 0:04:10.120 --> 0:04:15.600 fifty three. Quote. In this astrological theory of epidemiology, Jupiter 0:04:15.800 --> 0:04:18.520 was assumed to be warm and humid and to draw 0:04:18.640 --> 0:04:22.760 malignant vapors both from the ground and from water, while 0:04:22.839 --> 0:04:26.159 Mars was assumed to be hot and dry and therefore 0:04:26.200 --> 0:04:31.240 had the capacity to kindle such malignant vapors into infective fire. 0:04:31.920 --> 0:04:35.200 So under this theory, the movement of the planets would 0:04:35.240 --> 0:04:39.480 be directly responsible for calamity here on Earth. Now, obviously, 0:04:39.560 --> 0:04:41.760 scientists today do not put a lot of stock in 0:04:41.960 --> 0:04:45.200 the motions of Jupiter and Mars in determining our fates. 0:04:45.240 --> 0:04:48.200 But we did want to talk about some ways that 0:04:48.240 --> 0:04:52.560 in a very real and material sense, local gas giants 0:04:52.760 --> 0:04:55.200 and in our case, that would be Jupiter in particular. 0:04:55.240 --> 0:04:58.880 We can also talk something about saturn Um can indeed 0:04:59.120 --> 0:05:03.240 shape the face eat of creatures dwelling on inner rocky planets. 0:05:03.800 --> 0:05:05.480 And so that's what we're going to focus on for 0:05:05.520 --> 0:05:08.240 the next couple of episodes, a number of scientific ideas 0:05:08.640 --> 0:05:12.120 about ways that the planet Jupiter could, like the Jupiter 0:05:12.240 --> 0:05:13.719 of myth that we're going to talk about in a 0:05:13.720 --> 0:05:17.039 few minutes, be a kind of cosmic destroyer or a 0:05:17.040 --> 0:05:21.640 cosmic creator deciding the fortunes of earth bound mortals like us. 0:05:22.279 --> 0:05:25.440 Without Jupiter, could we even exist? And how long could 0:05:25.440 --> 0:05:27.599 life go on? So this should be a fun one. 0:05:27.920 --> 0:05:30.960 If you know some of you out there, you might say, well, 0:05:31.000 --> 0:05:33.560 I'm not as crazy about the space episodes. And some 0:05:33.680 --> 0:05:35.880 of you might say, well, you know, I'm not crazy. 0:05:35.920 --> 0:05:38.920 It's crazy about the mythology episodes. Well, we're gonna have 0:05:38.960 --> 0:05:40.880 a little bit of mythology and a little bit of 0:05:40.880 --> 0:05:44.880 of space just spread throughout here. Um, So if you 0:05:44.920 --> 0:05:46.839 hate both topics, I guess it's time to click off. 0:05:48.000 --> 0:05:51.240 But I think we've heard from anybody who said that, No, no, 0:05:51.240 --> 0:05:54.960 nob um. I just I know, uh, some people aren't 0:05:55.360 --> 0:05:57.800 maybe maybe it's my mom. I'm not gonna can't remember 0:05:57.800 --> 0:06:01.560 my mom. THATTT might be less into the space episods. Uh. 0:06:01.600 --> 0:06:03.960 I guess one of the things about space, in talking 0:06:03.960 --> 0:06:05.719 about it is I always feel that it is nice 0:06:05.760 --> 0:06:10.960 to have some sort of human element there to to 0:06:11.120 --> 0:06:14.160 sort of attach us to it. Now, a lot of 0:06:14.160 --> 0:06:17.120 times that human element is just imagining if we are there, 0:06:17.160 --> 0:06:19.159 you know, or or talk about how we might get 0:06:19.160 --> 0:06:20.920 there one day, and just sort of put it in 0:06:20.920 --> 0:06:24.120 in in that kind of human context. And there's gonna, 0:06:24.160 --> 0:06:25.520 I guess, be some of that here. But for the 0:06:25.560 --> 0:06:29.039 most part, uh, the mythology provides that there's like the 0:06:29.080 --> 0:06:32.680 mythological idea of who Jupiter is, and then there is 0:06:32.720 --> 0:06:38.000 the planetary idea of what Jupiter the planet is. And 0:06:38.640 --> 0:06:40.520 it's ultimately a lot of fun to compare the two, 0:06:40.839 --> 0:06:42.720 right though there might not be a lot of I 0:06:42.760 --> 0:06:45.560 don't know, human interest or drama and looking just at 0:06:45.560 --> 0:06:48.840 the icy ridges of Yapotus or something, right, but those 0:06:48.880 --> 0:06:51.920 are some good icy ridges. But yeah, well, we'll try 0:06:51.920 --> 0:06:54.640 to give you some some narrative context here when when 0:06:54.680 --> 0:06:58.000 talking about the planets. So one of the first things 0:06:58.040 --> 0:07:02.080 I wanted to mention was I was recently reading about 0:07:02.080 --> 0:07:05.360 the etymology of the word Jupiter, and came across something 0:07:05.400 --> 0:07:09.880 that I did not know but I actually found really interesting. So, 0:07:09.920 --> 0:07:14.040 of course, the English word Jupiter comes to English through Latin, 0:07:14.240 --> 0:07:16.880 where it is a Jupiter spilt with an eye at 0:07:16.880 --> 0:07:19.480 the beginning. A lot of Latin words that start with 0:07:19.520 --> 0:07:21.840 a J in English actually start with an eye. There 0:07:21.880 --> 0:07:25.000 was no j in Latin, and this, of course was 0:07:25.120 --> 0:07:28.040 the name of the sky god and the chief of 0:07:28.040 --> 0:07:32.760 the Roman pantheon, Jupiter or Jove or Jupiter or Yove. Yeah, 0:07:32.880 --> 0:07:36.080 that's why we refer to the moons of Jupiter as 0:07:36.120 --> 0:07:40.320 the Jovian moons, right, synonymous in the Latin context. But so, 0:07:40.480 --> 0:07:42.679 so I was reading about okay, well, what goes back 0:07:42.760 --> 0:07:47.760 before that? It seems that the Latin word Jupiter traces 0:07:47.800 --> 0:07:52.280 back to a Proto Indo European root. And I I apologize, 0:07:52.320 --> 0:07:54.720 I don't know perfectly how to pronounce this, but it's 0:07:54.840 --> 0:07:59.480 something like deuce fatter. And remember, of course Proto Indo 0:07:59.560 --> 0:08:04.160 European in is a prehistoric lost language, so nobody speaks 0:08:04.160 --> 0:08:07.560 it today. In fact, nobody spoke it at any time 0:08:07.600 --> 0:08:10.680 that anybody was writing anything down. So this is a 0:08:10.760 --> 0:08:15.240 this is a prehistoric, pre written language that was the 0:08:15.400 --> 0:08:19.960 direct ancestor of a huge number of languages spoken throughout 0:08:20.000 --> 0:08:24.040 Europe and Asia today. It was probably originally spoken by 0:08:24.040 --> 0:08:28.400 people living somewhere around modern day Ukraine or southern Russia. 0:08:28.720 --> 0:08:31.240 But it is a language that has to be reconstructed 0:08:31.240 --> 0:08:34.880 by linguists by looking at all these different languages around 0:08:34.920 --> 0:08:37.640 the world and sort of tracing back their common roots. 0:08:38.360 --> 0:08:42.320 In this Proto Indo European language, do you spotter would 0:08:42.320 --> 0:08:47.080 have meant something like daylight sky father, and this would 0:08:47.080 --> 0:08:50.960 have been the sky god of the reconstructed Proto Indo 0:08:51.040 --> 0:08:55.280 European religion. Now, if you hear in that they're deuice Potter, 0:08:55.480 --> 0:08:57.240 you can hear where we get Jupiter from that. But 0:08:57.320 --> 0:09:00.439 you can also probably hear where the word zoo can 0:09:00.520 --> 0:09:05.080 be derived from that, right juice, And so again there 0:09:05.160 --> 0:09:07.720 is a reconstructed form of this religion. We don't have 0:09:07.760 --> 0:09:11.400 any written records of this religion. It existed before writing, 0:09:11.520 --> 0:09:15.040 but scholars can conclude some things about it with pretty 0:09:15.120 --> 0:09:19.880 high confidence by looking at what common elements appear in 0:09:20.320 --> 0:09:26.400 very geographically separated religions that have a Proto Indo European 0:09:26.600 --> 0:09:31.320 linguistic rout and this deity, this deuced potter one uh, 0:09:31.800 --> 0:09:34.600 seems to be very common to religions that are spread 0:09:34.600 --> 0:09:37.680 out all over the place. For example, this name formulation 0:09:37.760 --> 0:09:40.720 also appears in the Sanskrit rig Veda, where you get 0:09:40.880 --> 0:09:44.760 a god named like Diaus or something roughly equivalent to that. 0:09:45.520 --> 0:09:48.959 But in Roman religion, in particular, this ancient sky god 0:09:49.040 --> 0:09:51.679 tradition that of course had been channeled through the Greek 0:09:51.760 --> 0:09:55.719 stories of Zeus. Remember the the Roman mythology and the 0:09:55.800 --> 0:09:59.240 Roman gods are extremely close copies of the of the 0:09:59.240 --> 0:10:02.240 Greek gods, and there might be there are some appreciable differences, 0:10:02.280 --> 0:10:05.839 but there is enormous overlap between them. So for all 0:10:05.880 --> 0:10:10.200 practical purposes, Jupiter is Zeus. But in the Roman tradition, 0:10:10.520 --> 0:10:13.640 this god, this sky god, this chief of the pantheon, 0:10:13.880 --> 0:10:16.719 came to be associated with the planet Jupiter, which had 0:10:16.720 --> 0:10:19.600 been known since ancient times since it could be seen 0:10:19.640 --> 0:10:22.440 with the naked eye. And of course Jupiter, the planet, 0:10:22.440 --> 0:10:26.720 has mythological significance beyond the Roman connection. One example is 0:10:26.760 --> 0:10:30.560 that in the ancient Babylonian religion, the planet Jupiter is 0:10:30.600 --> 0:10:34.880 associated with another chief god, mar Duke, the chief god 0:10:34.920 --> 0:10:38.000 of the city of Babylon. Uh he's the slayer hero 0:10:38.160 --> 0:10:41.680 of the epic poem the Enuma a Leash, where there 0:10:41.760 --> 0:10:45.200 is a primeval chaos monster named Tiamat, a sort of 0:10:45.240 --> 0:10:50.920 saltwater dragon that arises from a previous generation of divine beings, 0:10:50.960 --> 0:10:54.880 and then Tiamat threatens to destroy the younger generation of gods, 0:10:55.360 --> 0:10:57.920 and mar Duke becomes sort of president of the God 0:10:58.000 --> 0:11:01.600 Club by going out to slate Yamat and the monsters 0:11:01.640 --> 0:11:04.960 at her command. And there are some interesting parallels here 0:11:04.960 --> 0:11:07.920 because a mar Duke, like Zeus and like Jupiter, is 0:11:07.960 --> 0:11:10.920 sort of a sky god. Now, I think it's interesting 0:11:11.040 --> 0:11:14.640 that the broad contours of this story in the Inuma 0:11:14.720 --> 0:11:20.199 a Leash have a very strong echo in Greco Roman mythology, 0:11:20.200 --> 0:11:23.880 where Zeus, who would later become Jupiter to the Romans, 0:11:23.920 --> 0:11:28.560 also has to overthrow and destroy a pre existent class 0:11:28.679 --> 0:11:31.840 of divine beings to sort of pay the way for 0:11:31.920 --> 0:11:35.240 the younger generation of gods to take power. And in 0:11:35.280 --> 0:11:38.280 the Greek case, this earlier generation of divine beings were 0:11:38.400 --> 0:11:42.880 the Titans. This conflict in Greek religion that pits Zeus 0:11:42.960 --> 0:11:46.240 and the gods of Olympus versus the older beings of 0:11:46.280 --> 0:11:50.480 the previous divine generation is sometimes called the Titanomicy. The 0:11:50.559 --> 0:11:53.400 War of the Titans is what that means, Yeah, that 0:11:53.720 --> 0:11:56.560 the Titanomicy is an example of what is sometimes referred 0:11:56.600 --> 0:12:02.080 to as um a theomicy like THEO and then uh 0:12:02.240 --> 0:12:04.040 at the beginning of it, you know, a war of 0:12:04.080 --> 0:12:07.560 the gods. So the Titanomicy is just one in the 0:12:07.559 --> 0:12:11.199 Greek tradition, in the Trojan war is also essentially a 0:12:11.320 --> 0:12:15.439 Theo macky. There's also the Gigantomachi, which occurred after the 0:12:15.480 --> 0:12:17.960 war against the gods. This is the war between the 0:12:17.960 --> 0:12:21.360 Olympian gods and the giants who are the offspring of 0:12:21.440 --> 0:12:25.000 Gaya and the blood of Chronos Um. Now, of course, 0:12:25.000 --> 0:12:28.640 there are plenty of other religions that feature of THEO makis. 0:12:28.720 --> 0:12:32.600 Of course, there's the Norse uh god between the Aser 0:12:32.679 --> 0:12:35.240 and the van Air. There's the Vedic wars of the 0:12:35.520 --> 0:12:39.080 Devas and the Ostras. There's the Water War of Chinese 0:12:39.120 --> 0:12:43.280 mythology that that pitted the destructive water god U Gong 0:12:43.360 --> 0:12:46.880 Gong against Zoo wrong, the fire god. And then of 0:12:46.920 --> 0:12:48.680 course in Christian tradition we have this idea of a 0:12:48.720 --> 0:12:51.200 war in heaven uh and and I'm sure there're there 0:12:51.200 --> 0:12:53.920 are numerous other examples we could point to. Yeah, it 0:12:53.960 --> 0:12:56.720 seems to be very common throughout the myths of the 0:12:56.760 --> 0:13:00.760 world to imagine that it's some ancient time there was 0:13:00.840 --> 0:13:05.200 a conflict between a pre existent class of of divine 0:13:05.240 --> 0:13:08.440 beings and then some like newer or younger class of 0:13:08.520 --> 0:13:11.840 divine beings. It doesn't always break down along generational lines 0:13:11.920 --> 0:13:14.679 like that, but it certainly does in the Greek example. Yeah, 0:13:14.760 --> 0:13:16.240 we kind of get into this in our I had 0:13:16.280 --> 0:13:18.920 this idea of like, Okay, we have the King of 0:13:18.920 --> 0:13:21.760 the gods, and he shall reign forever and ever. But 0:13:22.040 --> 0:13:24.880 I feel like things feel a bit more tenuous with 0:13:24.920 --> 0:13:27.280 these earlier models, because it's like, well, this have been 0:13:27.280 --> 0:13:29.920 He's been ruling for a good three or four years now. 0:13:31.600 --> 0:13:34.000 There were some there's some other guys that came before him. 0:13:34.040 --> 0:13:35.560 I don't know what will come next. He has he 0:13:35.559 --> 0:13:39.480 doesn't get along with everybody heavy lies the crown. Yeah, 0:13:39.800 --> 0:13:42.000 I mean it makes sense too, if you're basing your 0:13:42.200 --> 0:13:46.480 ideas of of divine rule, uh in a mythological sense 0:13:46.840 --> 0:13:50.120 on the on the examples of rule that you see 0:13:50.160 --> 0:13:51.800 in the world around you. I mean, that's just the 0:13:51.880 --> 0:13:55.040 nature of things. Yes. Uh. So, now I want to 0:13:55.080 --> 0:13:58.960 move to reading a section from an ancient text known 0:13:59.000 --> 0:14:03.280 as Hessia's the Ogany. This is the the Genealogy of 0:14:03.320 --> 0:14:06.960 the Gods by the ancient Greek writer Hesiod, to give 0:14:07.000 --> 0:14:09.680 some color to this story we're telling. But first I 0:14:09.720 --> 0:14:11.480 need to set the stage before I get to the 0:14:11.559 --> 0:14:14.440 part that we're going to read. So I'm necessarily doing 0:14:14.440 --> 0:14:16.760 a bunch of condensing here, because there are a whole 0:14:16.800 --> 0:14:20.480 bunch of stories about like which divine beings emanated and 0:14:20.560 --> 0:14:24.160 gave birth to what. But the short version is there 0:14:24.200 --> 0:14:27.240 have already been a couple of generations of divine beings 0:14:27.280 --> 0:14:30.120 by the time we get the Olympian gods. Uh. The 0:14:30.160 --> 0:14:34.840 earth deity Gaya and the sky deity Uranas or Uranus 0:14:35.240 --> 0:14:39.040 Uranas together have a bunch of offspring. And these offspring 0:14:39.200 --> 0:14:44.080 include these beings called the Hecaton Curries or the hundred handers. 0:14:44.720 --> 0:14:47.080 H there were there were three of them, these three brothers, 0:14:47.120 --> 0:14:51.960 and they had some amazing body plans, you might say, yeah, 0:14:52.000 --> 0:14:55.760 fifty heads, a hundred arms. It's great. I really enjoyed 0:14:55.800 --> 0:14:59.440 looking up mostly modern illustrations of what this could have 0:14:59.480 --> 0:15:01.960 looked like, because there's a there's a temptation to want 0:15:01.960 --> 0:15:05.320 to kind of draw a turbo goro. You know. Um, 0:15:05.600 --> 0:15:07.800 it's been it's just too many heads and too many arms. 0:15:08.320 --> 0:15:11.160 It just becomes this mass of limbs and heads. But 0:15:11.200 --> 0:15:15.000 I've seen some people, some artists push this more in 0:15:15.040 --> 0:15:18.040 the direction of kind of like an amorphous being, you know, 0:15:18.160 --> 0:15:20.160 like it's the thing or some sort of a show 0:15:20.200 --> 0:15:22.400 god or something. You know. Yeah, just a kind of 0:15:22.480 --> 0:15:27.080 rat king god. Yeah. Now, Guya and Uranas also gave 0:15:27.160 --> 0:15:30.840 birth to the Cyclopes, who you know, we know about those. 0:15:31.080 --> 0:15:33.000 And then finally they gave birth to a bunch of 0:15:33.040 --> 0:15:37.200 gods that were called the Titans, and two of these titans, 0:15:37.320 --> 0:15:41.440 Chronus and Rhea. They together then sire a new generation 0:15:41.480 --> 0:15:45.800 of gods with names that might be more familiar Poseidon, Hades, 0:15:45.880 --> 0:15:51.240 demiter Hera, Zeus. Yeah, the members of the proper Greek 0:15:51.280 --> 0:15:54.600 pantheon of gods. Right, But as we mentioned, heavy lies 0:15:54.640 --> 0:15:58.000 the crown and Chronus. At this point, Cronus has assumed 0:15:58.080 --> 0:16:01.640 the throne of the of the heavens after castrating his 0:16:01.640 --> 0:16:06.040 father Uranas, so Chronus is in charge now. But Chronus 0:16:06.120 --> 0:16:09.280 is jealous and paranoid like like many kings of Greek 0:16:09.320 --> 0:16:12.160 myth are like a Chrysius. You know, in the Perseus narrative, 0:16:12.520 --> 0:16:16.600 he fears his own offspring um and be because he's 0:16:16.640 --> 0:16:19.040 been given an omen that one day he would be 0:16:19.080 --> 0:16:23.320 dethroned by his own offspring. So every time Reya gives 0:16:23.360 --> 0:16:25.960 birth to one of his offspring, Chronus would eat the 0:16:26.000 --> 0:16:29.200 newborn child. But then Zeus is born, and I guess 0:16:29.280 --> 0:16:32.400 Zeus is the youngest of the brood of the Olympian gods. 0:16:33.040 --> 0:16:36.680 And here Ya plays a trick on Chronus. She feeds 0:16:36.760 --> 0:16:39.760 him a rock. It's a very good trick. Instead, she 0:16:39.920 --> 0:16:42.320 she sends the real Zeus off to hide away in 0:16:42.360 --> 0:16:46.520 a cave and swaps out Zeus for a stone in 0:16:46.600 --> 0:16:49.240 a blanket and hands it over to Chronus, and Chronus 0:16:49.280 --> 0:16:51.360 just eats it up. And then Zeus is just training 0:16:51.400 --> 0:16:54.400 in a cave like a big training montage, getting ready 0:16:54.440 --> 0:16:57.840 for the rebellion against his father. Right, it's like Rocky 0:16:57.920 --> 0:16:59.960 four when he's out in the snow, you know, lifting 0:17:00.040 --> 0:17:03.240 the logs and everything getting ready. And so you have 0:17:03.320 --> 0:17:06.879 to imagine Chronus. Here is Ivan Draco and Zeus is 0:17:07.040 --> 0:17:10.080 Rocky and what's going to happen? Well, when Zeus has 0:17:10.119 --> 0:17:14.400 grown up. He somehow tricks Chronus into vomiting up all 0:17:14.440 --> 0:17:18.159 of Zeus's siblings, who are then able to join Zeus 0:17:18.200 --> 0:17:21.520 in making war on Chronus and the Order of the Titans. 0:17:21.520 --> 0:17:24.560 And they also enlist some of their allies, like some 0:17:24.600 --> 0:17:26.960 of the other primordial beings come to fight on the 0:17:27.000 --> 0:17:30.400 side of Zeus and the Olympians. The Cyclopes and the 0:17:30.400 --> 0:17:34.720 hecaton Kerries. They had previously those last two classes of 0:17:34.760 --> 0:17:38.760 beings had previously been imprisoned in the underworld of Tartarus, 0:17:38.840 --> 0:17:41.119 and they're sort of set free, and they joined in 0:17:41.160 --> 0:17:44.160 the fight. Zeus says to them, put down your chainsaw 0:17:44.200 --> 0:17:45.920 and listen to me. It's time for you to join 0:17:45.960 --> 0:17:49.040 in the fight, and they do. Now Here, we're gearing 0:17:49.119 --> 0:17:51.479 up for battle. And Robert, are you ready for us 0:17:51.520 --> 0:17:54.639 to read some from the theogony? That wasn't from the 0:17:54.640 --> 0:17:57.720 theogony that you just quoted about the chain's house. No, no, no, 0:17:57.760 --> 0:18:00.440 that that was from a weird al dared stupid Well, 0:18:00.480 --> 0:18:04.800 then then carry on. This translation appears in Thomas G. 0:18:05.080 --> 0:18:09.320 Palma's Anthology of Classical myth Primary Sources in translation from 0:18:09.359 --> 0:18:13.160 Hackett Publishing, two thousand four. So the Olympian gods take 0:18:13.200 --> 0:18:17.119 their position. Quote they stood against the Titans on the 0:18:17.160 --> 0:18:21.120 line of battle, holding chunks of cliff in their rugged hands. 0:18:21.520 --> 0:18:26.520 Opposite them, the Titans tightened their ranks expectantly. Then both 0:18:26.560 --> 0:18:31.840 sides hands flashed with power, and the unfathomable sea shrieked eerily. 0:18:32.240 --> 0:18:36.680 The earth crashed and rumbled, the vast sky groaned and quavered, 0:18:36.880 --> 0:18:40.359 and massive Olympus shook from its roots under the immortals 0:18:40.440 --> 0:18:44.960 onslaught a deep trimmor of feet reached misty tartarus, and 0:18:45.040 --> 0:18:49.240 a high whistling noise of insuppressible tumult with heavy missiles 0:18:49.280 --> 0:18:52.679 that groaned and wind in flight, and the sound of 0:18:52.680 --> 0:18:56.320 each side shouting rose to starry heaven as they collided 0:18:56.359 --> 0:18:59.920 with a magnificent battle cry. And now Zeus no longer 0:19:00.040 --> 0:19:03.600 held back his strength. His lung seethed with anger, and 0:19:03.640 --> 0:19:07.040 he revealed all his power. He charged from the sky, 0:19:07.280 --> 0:19:11.320 hurtling down from Olympos in a fury of lightning, hurling 0:19:11.400 --> 0:19:16.040 thunderbolts one after another, right on target from his massive hand, 0:19:16.080 --> 0:19:19.719 a whirlwind of holy flame, and the earth that bears 0:19:19.880 --> 0:19:23.920 life roared as it burned, and the endless forest crackled 0:19:23.960 --> 0:19:28.160 in fire, and the continents melted, and the ocean streams boiled, 0:19:28.240 --> 0:19:31.919 and the barren sea. The blast of heat enveloped the 0:19:32.000 --> 0:19:36.399 Thornian Titans, and the flame reached the bright stratosphere, and 0:19:36.440 --> 0:19:40.960 the incandescent rays of the thunderbolts and lightning flashes blinded 0:19:41.000 --> 0:19:44.720 their eyes mighty as they were, heat so terrible and 0:19:44.840 --> 0:19:48.120 engulfed deep chaos. The sight of it all and its 0:19:48.200 --> 0:19:50.879 sound to the ears, was just as if broad Heaven 0:19:50.920 --> 0:19:54.239 had fallen on Earth. The noise of it crashing and 0:19:54.280 --> 0:19:57.040 of Earth being crushed would be like the noise that 0:19:57.080 --> 0:20:01.400 arose from the strife of the clashing gods. Winds hissed 0:20:01.480 --> 0:20:05.399 through the earth, starting off tremors and swept dust and 0:20:05.520 --> 0:20:09.080 thunder and flashing bolts of lightning, the weapons of Zeus, 0:20:09.119 --> 0:20:13.280 along with the shouting and din into both sides, reverberation 0:20:13.400 --> 0:20:16.520 from the terrible strife hung in the air, and sheer 0:20:16.600 --> 0:20:19.760 power shown through it. I love it. One can imagine 0:20:20.080 --> 0:20:22.639 like led Zeppelin or rage against the machine ring in 0:20:22.680 --> 0:20:25.400 the background. Yeah, or Chronus is like the witch king 0:20:25.440 --> 0:20:29.600 of Angmar and uh. But anyway, as Zeus and the 0:20:29.640 --> 0:20:33.159 Olympians are, of course the victors in this war, the 0:20:33.200 --> 0:20:36.600 titanomic he breaks in their favor. The Titans are defeated, 0:20:36.720 --> 0:20:39.040 and they are chained up in tartar Us, so they're 0:20:39.040 --> 0:20:43.200 could sort of thrown down into this hell like underworld 0:20:43.040 --> 0:20:45.800 and and imprisoned there. And and there are a few 0:20:45.800 --> 0:20:49.280 other disparate fates, like some of these primordial being side 0:20:49.320 --> 0:20:52.840 with the Olympians. Uh Atlas is one of the Titans. 0:20:52.880 --> 0:20:55.479 In particular, he's punished by being made to hold up 0:20:55.480 --> 0:20:58.679 the heavens forever. But it'll be interesting to keep this 0:20:58.760 --> 0:21:00.720 in mind later on when we talk about some of 0:21:00.760 --> 0:21:04.879 the astrophysics today, is that this idea that Zeus or 0:21:04.960 --> 0:21:09.680 his Roman counterpart Jupiter would have been these prolific destroyers 0:21:09.720 --> 0:21:12.639 that paved the way for the status quo of today, 0:21:12.760 --> 0:21:15.359 the you know, the way things have been ordained today 0:21:15.480 --> 0:21:20.160 by defeating this ancient class of gods that had existed 0:21:20.160 --> 0:21:23.040 since the beginning or shortly after it. And of course, 0:21:23.119 --> 0:21:26.280 and another funny thing about Zeus and Jupiter is that 0:21:26.320 --> 0:21:29.200 the slaying doesn't stop there. I mean, they are these 0:21:29.320 --> 0:21:33.800 these gods are prolific destroyers throughout all time of myth Yeah, 0:21:33.840 --> 0:21:37.160 because you know, they they won the crown through war 0:21:37.640 --> 0:21:40.879 and then wars are required to maintain the order. And 0:21:40.920 --> 0:21:45.200 then also you just have individuals who step out of line. Uh. 0:21:45.359 --> 0:21:47.120 And you know, maybe in a way that is meaningful, 0:21:47.160 --> 0:21:49.080 but also sometimes the idea is just in a way 0:21:49.080 --> 0:21:53.000 where mortals are not are not allowed to question the 0:21:53.000 --> 0:22:02.159 gods or or or in any ways like them. So 0:22:02.320 --> 0:22:05.119 I thought we might run through some of the the 0:22:05.440 --> 0:22:08.919 murders or I don't know, executions I guess attributed to 0:22:09.280 --> 0:22:12.919 Jupiter and Zeus. Um. So first of all ones that 0:22:13.000 --> 0:22:17.600 seemed to be more specifically aligned with the Roman Jupiter. 0:22:18.000 --> 0:22:22.560 There's the story of Tillis Hostilius, who was killed by 0:22:22.680 --> 0:22:27.200 lightning bolt for botching the reading of a sacred right. Um. 0:22:27.280 --> 0:22:30.440 So you know it makes sense. Rights are important to religion. 0:22:30.480 --> 0:22:33.040 All this is it's it's it's part of the framework 0:22:33.080 --> 0:22:35.959 that's holding up the cosmic order of the universe. This 0:22:35.960 --> 0:22:38.639 guy is getting it wrong, so Zeus sends a lightning 0:22:38.640 --> 0:22:41.320 bolt down on him. Could you imagine if Seth could 0:22:41.359 --> 0:22:44.960 throw lightning at us every time we screwed up reading something? Oh, 0:22:45.040 --> 0:22:49.640 it would it would be it would be a blood bath. Uh. 0:22:49.720 --> 0:22:56.000 Now we mentioned in um the Titano macky. Sorry. Now, 0:22:56.080 --> 0:22:59.440 during the Titanomicy the war against the Titans. It's also said, 0:22:59.760 --> 0:23:03.159 uh that Jupiter killed his father the titan Saturn right. 0:23:03.240 --> 0:23:07.560 And Saturn is basically the equivalent of the Greek titan Chronus. Right. 0:23:08.280 --> 0:23:10.080 You get into different versions of it, particularly, I think 0:23:10.080 --> 0:23:12.200 some of the Greek variations of it, it's it's less 0:23:12.200 --> 0:23:15.399 a clear picture of him having killed. Sometimes it's the 0:23:15.480 --> 0:23:17.880 dividing up. I mean, it's it's kind of like when 0:23:17.880 --> 0:23:20.120 you do them with a titan or a god. Uh. 0:23:20.320 --> 0:23:24.920 You know, sometimes that kind of marvel uh universe system 0:23:24.960 --> 0:23:28.359 comes into play where nobody really dies. There's always a 0:23:28.359 --> 0:23:32.240 way they could come back. Now, murders attributed more properly 0:23:32.280 --> 0:23:35.639 to Zeus. Um, boy, there there are a number of 0:23:35.680 --> 0:23:39.520 them here. First there's Asclepius, and uh, this one's interesting 0:23:39.560 --> 0:23:43.400