1 00:00:14,520 --> 00:00:18,439 Speaker 1: Maybe it seems obvious, but business is changing, and much 2 00:00:18,440 --> 00:00:22,759 Speaker 1: of that change, from digital transformation to workplace innovation, is 3 00:00:22,840 --> 00:00:26,920 Speaker 1: driven by critical advancements in mobility. Thanks to support from 4 00:00:26,920 --> 00:00:29,880 Speaker 1: T Mobile for Business, We're here to explore how five 5 00:00:29,960 --> 00:00:35,400 Speaker 1: G will enable innovations that can advance our future. I'm 6 00:00:35,440 --> 00:00:40,320 Speaker 1: not compelled to build technology so people can watch movies faster, 7 00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:44,240 Speaker 1: download movies faster, or you know, ease VR for gaming, 8 00:00:44,360 --> 00:00:48,239 Speaker 1: or watch more porn. You know, so those aren't compelling 9 00:00:48,280 --> 00:00:52,080 Speaker 1: technologies for me. That's Andrea Goldsmith speaking. She is the 10 00:00:52,080 --> 00:00:55,360 Speaker 1: founding director of the Wireless Systems Lab at Stanford University. 11 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:58,720 Speaker 1: But it was a winding path to get there. But 12 00:00:58,800 --> 00:01:02,560 Speaker 1: when I switched from political science to engineering when I 13 00:01:02,640 --> 00:01:05,920 Speaker 1: was an undergraduate of Berkeley in the mid eighties, I 14 00:01:05,959 --> 00:01:09,360 Speaker 1: was attracted to politics because I thought it was a 15 00:01:09,440 --> 00:01:12,520 Speaker 1: mechanism to help people. And I came to realize that 16 00:01:12,560 --> 00:01:15,520 Speaker 1: actually engineering is also a way to make people's lives better. 17 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:20,160 Speaker 1: That you can develop technology that improves people's lives. And 18 00:01:20,160 --> 00:01:23,440 Speaker 1: Andrea is not just a researcher, She's also a builder. 19 00:01:23,959 --> 00:01:28,120 Speaker 1: I'm a serial entrepreneur. I founded two wireless companies. The 20 00:01:28,160 --> 00:01:31,480 Speaker 1: first one was called Quantanna and it went public in 21 00:01:31,600 --> 00:01:33,960 Speaker 1: twenty sixteen, so I got to go ring the bell 22 00:01:34,080 --> 00:01:36,399 Speaker 1: on the Nastac. That was a lot of fun. And 23 00:01:36,440 --> 00:01:39,920 Speaker 1: then yeah, that was really awesome and and it was 24 00:01:40,040 --> 00:01:45,520 Speaker 1: amazing experience to take a set of research ideas that 25 00:01:45,600 --> 00:01:49,000 Speaker 1: I developed over my whole career and turn them into 26 00:01:49,080 --> 00:01:53,120 Speaker 1: a technology and a company around that. Andrea's story is 27 00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:56,520 Speaker 1: typical of the relationship between research and industry that has 28 00:01:56,560 --> 00:01:59,559 Speaker 1: been the fuel of the Silicon Valley boom, and in turn, 29 00:01:59,680 --> 00:02:02,080 Speaker 1: why any people believe the United States has led the 30 00:02:02,120 --> 00:02:05,960 Speaker 1: world in innovation. When they were building the Internet, you know, 31 00:02:06,040 --> 00:02:09,680 Speaker 1: in the sixties, I don't think they envisioned how it 32 00:02:09,720 --> 00:02:13,959 Speaker 1: would change the world. It was a flexible infrastructure. That's 33 00:02:13,960 --> 00:02:17,600 Speaker 1: what made it successful. That Internet infrastructure laid down in 34 00:02:17,600 --> 00:02:21,799 Speaker 1: the nine sixties was flexible enough that generations of entrepreneurs 35 00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:26,000 Speaker 1: could build on top of it, ultimately creating companies like Microsoft, Google, 36 00:02:26,040 --> 00:02:29,240 Speaker 1: and Amazon. A more recent way of innovation was unleashed 37 00:02:29,240 --> 00:02:31,440 Speaker 1: by the launch of the four G mobile Internet. In 38 00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:34,800 Speaker 1: a decade ago, it would have been hard to imagine 39 00:02:34,880 --> 00:02:38,200 Speaker 1: navigating a city you've never visited before in a stranger's car, 40 00:02:38,880 --> 00:02:41,360 Speaker 1: or that being able to upload and stream video would 41 00:02:41,360 --> 00:02:45,799 Speaker 1: fuel protest movements around the world. And now we stand 42 00:02:45,840 --> 00:02:48,280 Speaker 1: on the cusp of a new generation and mobile internet 43 00:02:49,080 --> 00:02:53,639 Speaker 1: five G. So the question is what might tomorrow look like. 44 00:02:55,639 --> 00:02:59,280 Speaker 1: We can't envision what's going to be the killer app 45 00:02:59,400 --> 00:03:02,600 Speaker 1: that this five G network, which has much higher data 46 00:03:02,680 --> 00:03:05,840 Speaker 1: rates and much lower latency and much lower energy consumption. 47 00:03:06,639 --> 00:03:09,720 Speaker 1: What is that networking to enable in terms of applications 48 00:03:09,760 --> 00:03:12,800 Speaker 1: and devices and ways to make our lives better. But 49 00:03:13,280 --> 00:03:17,040 Speaker 1: if we do build that infrastructure, I believe that there 50 00:03:17,080 --> 00:03:20,560 Speaker 1: will be many technologies and applications that will make our 51 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:25,440 Speaker 1: lives better that need that network to operate. I'm Azveloshin 52 00:03:26,000 --> 00:03:30,160 Speaker 1: and this is This Time Tomorrow, a podcast about how 53 00:03:30,200 --> 00:03:41,240 Speaker 1: advances in connectivity could change the way we live. I'm 54 00:03:41,240 --> 00:03:43,920 Speaker 1: in with my friend and partner and co host Carra 55 00:03:44,080 --> 00:03:47,080 Speaker 1: Price and Kara. This is not our first rodeo, No, 56 00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:49,240 Speaker 1: it's it's our second rodeo. I don't know if that's 57 00:03:49,240 --> 00:03:54,280 Speaker 1: a saying that our second rodeo can We hosted Sleepwalkers together, 58 00:03:54,720 --> 00:03:58,480 Speaker 1: which was about how AI is changing everything, and I 59 00:03:58,520 --> 00:04:00,160 Speaker 1: think it got us in the mood to wrap our 60 00:04:00,200 --> 00:04:03,880 Speaker 1: heads around new technologies and know what they could mean. Yeah, 61 00:04:03,920 --> 00:04:06,240 Speaker 1: I guess the first rodeo was AI and now we're 62 00:04:06,240 --> 00:04:09,240 Speaker 1: on our famous second rodeo. We like two letter words 63 00:04:09,280 --> 00:04:12,320 Speaker 1: that have very very vague meanings exactly, and which dominate 64 00:04:12,360 --> 00:04:16,040 Speaker 1: headlines with almost no clarity. Um. But one of the 65 00:04:16,080 --> 00:04:18,720 Speaker 1: reasons I enjoy doing these kinds of shows is it's 66 00:04:18,760 --> 00:04:21,080 Speaker 1: fun to talk to people like Andrea Goldsmith and really 67 00:04:21,120 --> 00:04:23,680 Speaker 1: break things down. Now, this show is a little different 68 00:04:23,720 --> 00:04:27,520 Speaker 1: from Sleepwalkers because it's sponsored by Tmobile for Business, and 69 00:04:27,560 --> 00:04:30,240 Speaker 1: they want to inspire companies and entrepreneurs to build the 70 00:04:30,279 --> 00:04:32,760 Speaker 1: kind of killer apps, as Andrea put it, that would 71 00:04:32,760 --> 00:04:34,960 Speaker 1: actually make use of the full potential of five G. 72 00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:37,680 Speaker 1: You know, part of our job with sleep Walker's was 73 00:04:37,760 --> 00:04:42,159 Speaker 1: to do a little demystifying. Most people we spoke to 74 00:04:42,160 --> 00:04:45,000 Speaker 1: on the show. I couldn't even agree on a definition 75 00:04:45,040 --> 00:04:49,000 Speaker 1: of what artificial intelligence is, and you know, similarly with 76 00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:51,839 Speaker 1: five G, it's gonna be hard for us to get 77 00:04:51,839 --> 00:04:57,200 Speaker 1: a solid definition. I think it usually begins with your 78 00:04:57,240 --> 00:05:00,360 Speaker 1: phone getting a lot faster and being able to unload 79 00:05:00,440 --> 00:05:03,599 Speaker 1: movies in seconds. And that's really what Andrea was joking 80 00:05:03,600 --> 00:05:06,279 Speaker 1: about at the beginning of this episode, saying, but that's 81 00:05:06,279 --> 00:05:08,520 Speaker 1: not really what's the most interesting to her. There's actually 82 00:05:08,600 --> 00:05:12,040 Speaker 1: much more profound implications that we're going to talk about. Yeah. Absolutely, 83 00:05:12,080 --> 00:05:15,200 Speaker 1: And it makes this an exciting moment because the future 84 00:05:15,240 --> 00:05:18,839 Speaker 1: we layout can influence the reality we build, which is 85 00:05:18,920 --> 00:05:21,400 Speaker 1: exactly why I love science fiction. I didn't know you 86 00:05:21,440 --> 00:05:25,359 Speaker 1: love science fiction. I do, I do? Um. Do you 87 00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:28,760 Speaker 1: know what the G in five G X gigabyte? No, 88 00:05:29,120 --> 00:05:32,320 Speaker 1: it's not gigabyte, it's not gigga hurt. It is generation 89 00:05:32,480 --> 00:05:36,080 Speaker 1: five G is the fifth generation. So what was the 90 00:05:36,120 --> 00:05:39,760 Speaker 1: O I don't know what the O G was, but 91 00:05:39,839 --> 00:05:42,560 Speaker 1: I can tell you what the one G was if 92 00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:46,960 Speaker 1: you like. One G was the first generation and it 93 00:05:47,040 --> 00:05:50,320 Speaker 1: was analog, so the parts were big, and the phone 94 00:05:50,320 --> 00:05:53,240 Speaker 1: the network enabled was this huge brick that was too 95 00:05:53,240 --> 00:05:55,400 Speaker 1: heavy to carry around, but it became kind of a 96 00:05:55,400 --> 00:05:57,719 Speaker 1: status symbol when you had it in your car, the 97 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:01,000 Speaker 1: car phone, And funny enough, they didn't sort of take 98 00:06:01,040 --> 00:06:05,039 Speaker 1: off beyond those those advertising was the mommy's busy signal 99 00:06:05,200 --> 00:06:08,200 Speaker 1: that I had when I was in the car exactly. 100 00:06:08,720 --> 00:06:11,800 Speaker 1: They were huge and unwieldly. And then two G came 101 00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:14,360 Speaker 1: along in the ninet and all of a sudden, which 102 00:06:14,360 --> 00:06:18,040 Speaker 1: shifted from analog digital and that's where Mommy and Daddy 103 00:06:18,120 --> 00:06:21,320 Speaker 1: brought us our first phones. In my case, anyway, this 104 00:06:21,480 --> 00:06:25,640 Speaker 1: was the shift from analog digital which allowed phones to 105 00:06:25,640 --> 00:06:27,880 Speaker 1: get swam up to put in your pocket and allow 106 00:06:27,960 --> 00:06:30,159 Speaker 1: you to text, which was key and allowed me to 107 00:06:30,160 --> 00:06:33,839 Speaker 1: play Snake at barmits Vast exactly exactly. Mommy and Daddy 108 00:06:34,040 --> 00:06:35,800 Speaker 1: I bought them for us because they thought that they 109 00:06:35,839 --> 00:06:40,719 Speaker 1: kept us safe. And then what happened three G. Three 110 00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:43,640 Speaker 1: G was the beginning of the mobile Internet, which was 111 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:46,760 Speaker 1: famous device wise for the BlackBerry. Did you have one 112 00:06:46,760 --> 00:06:51,240 Speaker 1: of those? Very much? So? I was a baby business. 113 00:06:52,120 --> 00:06:55,680 Speaker 1: I can imagine you very clearly with your Crackerberry having 114 00:06:55,760 --> 00:06:57,680 Speaker 1: learned some of the habits that I get to see 115 00:06:57,680 --> 00:07:00,240 Speaker 1: every day with your iPhone. And then, of course three 116 00:07:00,240 --> 00:07:03,840 Speaker 1: G coincided with Apple building the first iPhone, which was 117 00:07:03,880 --> 00:07:06,760 Speaker 1: a huge game changer because it had apps on it, 118 00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:08,960 Speaker 1: and all of a sudden people actually wanted to use 119 00:07:08,960 --> 00:07:11,800 Speaker 1: the mobile Internet on their phone, but there wasn't enough 120 00:07:11,840 --> 00:07:14,560 Speaker 1: bandwidth on three G, so the tel coast had to 121 00:07:14,600 --> 00:07:18,000 Speaker 1: build four G, which is the standard in mobile internet today. 122 00:07:18,120 --> 00:07:19,960 Speaker 1: If you pick up the phone that you're using right 123 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:22,080 Speaker 1: now and look in the top left corner, you'll either 124 00:07:22,120 --> 00:07:25,200 Speaker 1: see FOG or LT, which is another name for FORG. 125 00:07:25,880 --> 00:07:29,040 Speaker 1: I do see it. I think something that's important to 126 00:07:29,040 --> 00:07:31,680 Speaker 1: think about as we move ahead in the show is 127 00:07:31,720 --> 00:07:35,720 Speaker 1: that this isn't just about going from generation to generation 128 00:07:35,880 --> 00:07:38,920 Speaker 1: and saying, oh ah, this is faster speed. Going from 129 00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:42,320 Speaker 1: three G to four G was really brought on by 130 00:07:42,360 --> 00:07:46,440 Speaker 1: this demand for mobile internet, and we also saw things 131 00:07:46,560 --> 00:07:52,200 Speaker 1: like fitbit and citizen journalism emerging. And I think it's 132 00:07:52,320 --> 00:07:55,520 Speaker 1: really important for us to think about networks in concert 133 00:07:55,640 --> 00:08:00,480 Speaker 1: with developments. Yeah, networks effectively are the architecture of how 134 00:08:00,520 --> 00:08:02,920 Speaker 1: we live, in the same way that AI has become 135 00:08:02,960 --> 00:08:06,200 Speaker 1: a platform or an ingredient of many different things that 136 00:08:06,240 --> 00:08:08,440 Speaker 1: are with us. It's the same with connectivity, it's the 137 00:08:08,480 --> 00:08:10,480 Speaker 1: same with rail, it's the same with highways. When you 138 00:08:10,560 --> 00:08:13,480 Speaker 1: lay down these tracks, things you can't really imagine start 139 00:08:13,520 --> 00:08:15,880 Speaker 1: to emerge, and it's a new type of infrastructure. Yeah, 140 00:08:15,960 --> 00:08:18,800 Speaker 1: and also it kind of altered forever the meaning of 141 00:08:18,800 --> 00:08:21,680 Speaker 1: the word privacy. We're gonna talk a lot on this 142 00:08:21,720 --> 00:08:24,440 Speaker 1: podcast about some of the risk that come with this 143 00:08:24,480 --> 00:08:26,920 Speaker 1: new technology, you know, in the hope that we can 144 00:08:27,000 --> 00:08:30,280 Speaker 1: raise awareness and allow us to get ahead of them. 145 00:08:30,560 --> 00:08:33,200 Speaker 1: First thing, we kind of want to understand what five 146 00:08:33,280 --> 00:08:37,520 Speaker 1: G is. Yes, well, that's why we've got Andrea Goldsmith 147 00:08:37,559 --> 00:08:39,760 Speaker 1: on the show. You asked me earlier about o G 148 00:08:40,000 --> 00:08:42,360 Speaker 1: networks and I didn't have the answer, but I do 149 00:08:42,440 --> 00:08:45,920 Speaker 1: know that Andrea is the o G wireless expert, researcher, 150 00:08:46,160 --> 00:08:50,959 Speaker 1: entrepreneur with a sideline in neuroscience. Cas casual, very casual. 151 00:08:51,360 --> 00:08:53,520 Speaker 1: She's going to break down for us what the technology 152 00:08:53,800 --> 00:08:56,679 Speaker 1: is so we can actually better understand what it would enable. 153 00:08:57,360 --> 00:08:59,360 Speaker 1: And later in this episode, we're going to hear from 154 00:08:59,440 --> 00:09:02,720 Speaker 1: Dr Laudi. He's the s v P and GM of 155 00:09:02,840 --> 00:09:06,200 Speaker 1: four G and five G at Qualcom and has thought 156 00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:09,160 Speaker 1: deeply about some of the killer apps that businesses may 157 00:09:09,160 --> 00:09:11,880 Speaker 1: build on top of the five G infrastructure. And I'm 158 00:09:11,920 --> 00:09:14,120 Speaker 1: going to talk to a woman named Flynn Coleman who 159 00:09:14,160 --> 00:09:16,360 Speaker 1: is a human rights lawyer and an author of a 160 00:09:16,360 --> 00:09:19,679 Speaker 1: book called The Human Algorithm. Her book introduced me to 161 00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:23,760 Speaker 1: something called the adjacent possible, which is projecting the future 162 00:09:23,960 --> 00:09:27,560 Speaker 1: from what we know of today. And that's why this 163 00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:31,040 Speaker 1: show is called This Time Tomorrow. We haven't actually explained 164 00:09:31,080 --> 00:09:34,440 Speaker 1: how we came up with the title. It's from a 165 00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:37,439 Speaker 1: song by The Kinks the sixties. British rock band. I 166 00:09:37,480 --> 00:09:40,560 Speaker 1: think it might be the B side of low it is. 167 00:09:40,600 --> 00:09:43,600 Speaker 1: Actually I love the last two lines of the song, 168 00:09:43,679 --> 00:09:46,839 Speaker 1: which are this time tomorrow, where will we be this 169 00:09:46,920 --> 00:09:50,960 Speaker 1: time tomorrow? What will we see? And I would argue 170 00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:53,199 Speaker 1: that those are the big questions of this podcast as 171 00:09:53,240 --> 00:09:55,600 Speaker 1: we try to appear into the future of what five 172 00:09:55,679 --> 00:10:00,880 Speaker 1: G may bring. Basically, every ten years we have a 173 00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:04,760 Speaker 1: new G in cellular, we have a new standard. That's 174 00:10:04,800 --> 00:10:08,079 Speaker 1: Andrea Goldsmith again, as she explained to me, five G 175 00:10:08,760 --> 00:10:11,599 Speaker 1: the new standard, the fifth G, if you like, is 176 00:10:11,679 --> 00:10:17,880 Speaker 1: underpinned by three key technologies, multiple antenna techniques, small cells, 177 00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:22,520 Speaker 1: and the millimeter wave. You may have heard about millimeter wave. 178 00:10:23,040 --> 00:10:26,199 Speaker 1: It's about as far as many conversations about five G go, 179 00:10:27,040 --> 00:10:30,000 Speaker 1: and it is part of the story, but only part. 180 00:10:30,800 --> 00:10:34,560 Speaker 1: You see, the problem is that millimeter waves are short 181 00:10:35,160 --> 00:10:38,920 Speaker 1: and easily interrupted by buildings and even rain. In sound 182 00:10:38,920 --> 00:10:42,800 Speaker 1: wave terms, they are the high frequency treble, not the 183 00:10:42,840 --> 00:10:47,080 Speaker 1: booming base you hear outside the club. So why are 184 00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:49,120 Speaker 1: we even looking at millimeter wave? Well, there's a lot 185 00:10:49,120 --> 00:10:51,960 Speaker 1: of spectrum up there. In fact, every wireless system today 186 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:55,000 Speaker 1: that's an operation could fit into the millimeter wave been 187 00:10:55,440 --> 00:10:58,599 Speaker 1: But millimeter wave is not a panacea, but still a 188 00:10:58,760 --> 00:11:02,520 Speaker 1: very fragile equency band in which to communicate, and that 189 00:11:02,720 --> 00:11:05,400 Speaker 1: means that it's stuck. Going to solve are the challenges 190 00:11:05,960 --> 00:11:08,480 Speaker 1: of having sufficient spectrum from what we want to do 191 00:11:08,520 --> 00:11:11,960 Speaker 1: with five G. In fact, as five G rolls out, 192 00:11:12,240 --> 00:11:15,800 Speaker 1: it will also make use of low and mid band spectrum, 193 00:11:15,840 --> 00:11:18,760 Speaker 1: and there are two other radio technologies that will make 194 00:11:18,800 --> 00:11:23,079 Speaker 1: it all possible. The first other so called multiple antenna techniques. 195 00:11:23,640 --> 00:11:26,240 Speaker 1: As someone described it to me, it's the equivalent of 196 00:11:26,280 --> 00:11:29,880 Speaker 1: shining a laser pointer instead of a flashlight, so you 197 00:11:29,920 --> 00:11:32,640 Speaker 1: can actually get way more useful bandwidth from the same 198 00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:34,960 Speaker 1: amount of signal because it goes where you wanted to. 199 00:11:35,760 --> 00:11:39,360 Speaker 1: And the second is local transmitters and receivers otherwise known 200 00:11:39,440 --> 00:11:43,560 Speaker 1: as small cells. They look more like metallic pizza boxes 201 00:11:43,559 --> 00:11:47,480 Speaker 1: than cell towers, and they're specifically designed to be placed 202 00:11:47,520 --> 00:11:51,480 Speaker 1: everywhere from street corners to offices in order to give 203 00:11:51,640 --> 00:11:55,719 Speaker 1: breadth of coverage. So with this understanding of what technologies 204 00:11:55,760 --> 00:11:58,400 Speaker 1: go into five G, it's time to ask a larger 205 00:11:58,480 --> 00:12:03,200 Speaker 1: question what mnd it change. So something that the next 206 00:12:03,280 --> 00:12:07,520 Speaker 1: generation of wireless networks will enable is very low latency, 207 00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:10,240 Speaker 1: so that it doesn't take a long time for you 208 00:12:10,320 --> 00:12:13,280 Speaker 1: to send the data up to the backbone infrastructure, have 209 00:12:13,480 --> 00:12:18,079 Speaker 1: computations done and sent back to the devices. Latency is 210 00:12:18,120 --> 00:12:22,080 Speaker 1: a key phrase in understanding five G. It's basically how 211 00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:24,920 Speaker 1: fast your device talks to the network, and that can 212 00:12:24,960 --> 00:12:27,920 Speaker 1: be more transformative than it sounds. So that's important for 213 00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:31,400 Speaker 1: things like automated driving. Things like if you're doing say 214 00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:33,960 Speaker 1: remote surgery, and you want to figure out how to 215 00:12:34,480 --> 00:12:38,840 Speaker 1: move the robot, you can't have very long latencies. But 216 00:12:39,320 --> 00:12:43,160 Speaker 1: lower latency is only part of the picture. Up until now, 217 00:12:43,200 --> 00:12:46,640 Speaker 1: every generation of cell phone has really been focused on 218 00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:50,200 Speaker 1: getting much higher data rates. When the smartphones came out, 219 00:12:50,360 --> 00:12:52,960 Speaker 1: the network's crashed because they couldn't support the traffic, So 220 00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:55,800 Speaker 1: that was the push to four G. I think what's 221 00:12:55,960 --> 00:12:59,000 Speaker 1: changed in five G is that that's still a driver, 222 00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:03,079 Speaker 1: but there's also several other dimensions that are being developed 223 00:13:03,120 --> 00:13:07,640 Speaker 1: in the technology, and that includes very low power communications. 224 00:13:08,320 --> 00:13:11,120 Speaker 1: Right now, if you think about putting a radio and 225 00:13:11,200 --> 00:13:14,640 Speaker 1: everything with an on off switch, those radios, they'd run 226 00:13:14,640 --> 00:13:19,480 Speaker 1: out of battery instantaneously. I hadn't really thought about this before, 227 00:13:19,880 --> 00:13:22,040 Speaker 1: how much energy it takes just for a device to 228 00:13:22,080 --> 00:13:25,240 Speaker 1: talk to the network. But what Andrew is saying does 229 00:13:25,360 --> 00:13:27,920 Speaker 1: raise a question, why would we want to put a 230 00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:31,679 Speaker 1: radio in everything with an on off switch. It's really 231 00:13:31,760 --> 00:13:35,040 Speaker 1: that we can collect massive amounts of data that we 232 00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:38,360 Speaker 1: weren't able to collect before, send it up to the cloud, 233 00:13:38,400 --> 00:13:42,199 Speaker 1: and do the data processing to extract the useful information. 234 00:13:42,600 --> 00:13:45,920 Speaker 1: And so this kind of ties together AI and wireless. 235 00:13:45,960 --> 00:13:49,800 Speaker 1: So what might this collision of emerging technologies enable. You 236 00:13:49,800 --> 00:13:54,240 Speaker 1: can imagine tracking the spread of diseases, or or tracking epidemics, 237 00:13:54,360 --> 00:13:58,880 Speaker 1: or emergency response or you know, fire evacuations, or tracking 238 00:13:58,880 --> 00:14:01,400 Speaker 1: the spread of a fire that slimming in California today, 239 00:14:01,480 --> 00:14:05,040 Speaker 1: that's very much top of mind, and collecting and processing 240 00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:08,400 Speaker 1: much more information from our environment could be helpful on 241 00:14:08,440 --> 00:14:12,080 Speaker 1: an ongoing basis, not just in times of crisis. You 242 00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:15,240 Speaker 1: can create a smart city where the garbage trucks only 243 00:14:15,280 --> 00:14:17,920 Speaker 1: come and collect the garbage when the trash canist fall 244 00:14:18,000 --> 00:14:20,800 Speaker 1: or when it's out in the street, rather than every Wednesday. 245 00:14:20,920 --> 00:14:23,440 Speaker 1: And I think that's what I find so exciting about 246 00:14:23,840 --> 00:14:26,920 Speaker 1: what's called the Internet of things, and that Internet of 247 00:14:26,960 --> 00:14:29,600 Speaker 1: things can only be enabled by the next generation of 248 00:14:29,640 --> 00:14:37,360 Speaker 1: wireless connectivity. So, Kara, I'm having some flashbacks to math class, 249 00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:40,080 Speaker 1: and I feel like I've learned a new algebra equation. 250 00:14:40,720 --> 00:14:44,840 Speaker 1: AI plus five G equals IoT the Internet of Things. 251 00:14:45,480 --> 00:14:48,800 Speaker 1: IoT is another acronym that gets thrown around a lot 252 00:14:48,880 --> 00:14:51,240 Speaker 1: to describe a future that always seems to be just 253 00:14:51,400 --> 00:14:54,440 Speaker 1: around the corner. You know what Andrew was saying about 254 00:14:54,440 --> 00:14:58,320 Speaker 1: it finally being made possible by lower powered radio, Actually 255 00:14:58,360 --> 00:15:02,000 Speaker 1: wasn't something i'd heard before. I wouldn't mind sensors on 256 00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:05,040 Speaker 1: the avalanche of package since I receive so that I 257 00:15:05,040 --> 00:15:07,800 Speaker 1: could know where they are every second before they hit 258 00:15:07,800 --> 00:15:10,640 Speaker 1: my doorstep. It does make me think about where else 259 00:15:10,680 --> 00:15:12,960 Speaker 1: we might find sensors in the future, though, Yeah, he's 260 00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:17,240 Speaker 1: tracking me as a real package track big time. But 261 00:15:17,360 --> 00:15:20,840 Speaker 1: you do raise an important concern, and according to Andrea, 262 00:15:21,080 --> 00:15:23,600 Speaker 1: five G will enable us to create and collect all 263 00:15:23,680 --> 00:15:26,040 Speaker 1: kinds of new data, which will push the envelope in 264 00:15:26,160 --> 00:15:30,800 Speaker 1: terms of making better decisions empowered by AI. But the 265 00:15:30,880 --> 00:15:34,840 Speaker 1: people building and regulating the applications on top of the network, 266 00:15:35,040 --> 00:15:37,440 Speaker 1: we'll have to get smarter about the right and wrong 267 00:15:37,480 --> 00:15:40,360 Speaker 1: ways to use that data. I always go back to 268 00:15:40,440 --> 00:15:45,880 Speaker 1: this dinner time conversation starter from Sabastian Thrun, who was 269 00:15:45,920 --> 00:15:49,360 Speaker 1: the founder of Google X. That's right. If you make 270 00:15:49,400 --> 00:15:51,760 Speaker 1: a kitchen knife, you can either use it to cook 271 00:15:51,840 --> 00:15:56,440 Speaker 1: dinner or to kill your guests. The choice is yours. 272 00:15:57,840 --> 00:16:01,600 Speaker 1: But seriously, the connected future is exciting, and later in 273 00:16:01,640 --> 00:16:03,680 Speaker 1: the series we're going to do a deep dive into 274 00:16:03,720 --> 00:16:07,119 Speaker 1: how the Internet of Things could help us protect our environment. 275 00:16:07,720 --> 00:16:10,400 Speaker 1: But the ethics of design are important too, and that's 276 00:16:10,440 --> 00:16:14,880 Speaker 1: something Andrea thinks about a lot. Massive deployment of centers, 277 00:16:14,920 --> 00:16:17,720 Speaker 1: which five G may enable. That can be used for 278 00:16:17,760 --> 00:16:20,560 Speaker 1: good purposes, and it can also be used for not 279 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:23,640 Speaker 1: so good purposes. It can be used for surveillance. And 280 00:16:23,880 --> 00:16:26,440 Speaker 1: I worry a lot about the digital divide. I think 281 00:16:26,480 --> 00:16:30,640 Speaker 1: that connectivity is almost like electricity now that if you 282 00:16:30,720 --> 00:16:36,160 Speaker 1: aren't connected, you don't have access to information. So as technologists, 283 00:16:36,640 --> 00:16:41,840 Speaker 1: it's important that we're cognizant not only of the excitement 284 00:16:41,880 --> 00:16:44,480 Speaker 1: of developing the technology in its own right, but also 285 00:16:44,560 --> 00:16:47,480 Speaker 1: the ways it can be used to better humanity and 286 00:16:47,520 --> 00:16:51,960 Speaker 1: also to make things worse. Well, Andrea is saying Kara 287 00:16:52,200 --> 00:16:56,240 Speaker 1: resonated with me. Technology is enabled progress for so many people, 288 00:16:56,480 --> 00:16:58,800 Speaker 1: but it's also been used to infringe on privacy and 289 00:16:58,840 --> 00:17:03,160 Speaker 1: even exclude certain people from economic opportunity. That's not something 290 00:17:03,160 --> 00:17:05,959 Speaker 1: we imagined happening when we unpacked our very first smartphones. 291 00:17:06,480 --> 00:17:09,440 Speaker 1: I think it's really hard to predict where new technology 292 00:17:09,440 --> 00:17:11,399 Speaker 1: main late. It's kind of the problem that we always face. 293 00:17:11,880 --> 00:17:14,400 Speaker 1: When I was logging into my A I M chat 294 00:17:14,440 --> 00:17:17,239 Speaker 1: with my friends, I couldn't imagine that, you know, in 295 00:17:17,280 --> 00:17:20,520 Speaker 1: ten years I would have a full Instagram profile, Facebook profile, 296 00:17:20,920 --> 00:17:23,520 Speaker 1: Twitter identity. It really is. It's one of the reasons 297 00:17:23,560 --> 00:17:25,600 Speaker 1: why it's a good moment to be having this conversation 298 00:17:25,720 --> 00:17:29,640 Speaker 1: because a five G, the fifth generation of cellular wireless, 299 00:17:29,800 --> 00:17:32,240 Speaker 1: is still in the building phase, and that means hopefully 300 00:17:32,280 --> 00:17:34,120 Speaker 1: we can head off some of the crises that came 301 00:17:34,160 --> 00:17:37,679 Speaker 1: with the move fast and break things error that defined 302 00:17:37,720 --> 00:17:40,840 Speaker 1: the last ten years of Silicon Valley, and especially as 303 00:17:40,840 --> 00:17:43,879 Speaker 1: this network is being built, to insist that it's affordable 304 00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:48,359 Speaker 1: and widely accessible, it's important to project a future that 305 00:17:48,400 --> 00:17:51,200 Speaker 1: we want to live in and build towards it. One 306 00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:53,800 Speaker 1: person who has thought deeply about bridging the digital divide 307 00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:58,160 Speaker 1: is Flynn Coleman. She's an international human rights lawyer, expert 308 00:17:58,200 --> 00:18:01,720 Speaker 1: on digital ethics, and author of a Human Algorithm. Join 309 00:18:01,840 --> 00:18:08,760 Speaker 1: us for that conversation after the break the future with 310 00:18:08,800 --> 00:18:12,520 Speaker 1: five G is coming today. T Mobile is leading the 311 00:18:12,560 --> 00:18:16,080 Speaker 1: five G charge with thirty billion dollars invested in their 312 00:18:16,160 --> 00:18:21,040 Speaker 1: network to deliver new capabilities. Improved connectivity and true mobility 313 00:18:21,320 --> 00:18:24,200 Speaker 1: provided by an advanced network from T Mobile for Business 314 00:18:24,440 --> 00:18:27,439 Speaker 1: could change the way we all live and work. The 315 00:18:27,520 --> 00:18:30,480 Speaker 1: five G era will take the best technologies available today 316 00:18:30,560 --> 00:18:33,200 Speaker 1: in the wireless space so that you can offer new 317 00:18:33,240 --> 00:18:37,359 Speaker 1: capabilities to your business customers. T Mobile for Business knows 318 00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:40,240 Speaker 1: that the future of business will be powered by advancements 319 00:18:40,240 --> 00:18:44,040 Speaker 1: in wireless networks. With these new technologies opening the doors 320 00:18:44,040 --> 00:18:47,480 Speaker 1: for better ways to get the job done, business is changing. 321 00:18:48,040 --> 00:18:56,159 Speaker 1: Learn more at t Mobile for Business dot com. That 322 00:18:56,160 --> 00:18:58,879 Speaker 1: I've long been interested in the intersection of technology and 323 00:18:58,960 --> 00:19:03,120 Speaker 1: human rights. That's Flynn Coleman. She's an international human rights 324 00:19:03,200 --> 00:19:06,520 Speaker 1: lawyer who most recently wrote a book called The Human Algorithm, 325 00:19:06,560 --> 00:19:09,439 Speaker 1: which explores how we can build algorithms and programs that 326 00:19:09,480 --> 00:19:12,680 Speaker 1: better reflect and care for human life. There's some things 327 00:19:12,680 --> 00:19:14,640 Speaker 1: we can't fix and there's some things we can, which 328 00:19:14,640 --> 00:19:18,600 Speaker 1: is why things like diversity inclusivity, having a wider range 329 00:19:18,600 --> 00:19:22,400 Speaker 1: of lived experiences as part of the team's building, regulating, 330 00:19:22,640 --> 00:19:26,320 Speaker 1: legislating these tools is critical. We need to think about 331 00:19:26,880 --> 00:19:31,400 Speaker 1: ways that we can avoid digital redlining so that marginalized, 332 00:19:31,440 --> 00:19:36,639 Speaker 1: vulnerable communities are provided that critical element of access. The 333 00:19:36,720 --> 00:19:40,800 Speaker 1: digital redlining Flynn mentioned is a form of discrimination whereby 334 00:19:40,880 --> 00:19:44,800 Speaker 1: certain poorer and or rural areas are not provided with 335 00:19:44,840 --> 00:19:48,840 Speaker 1: the infrastructure for quality Internet. Some networks are working to 336 00:19:48,880 --> 00:19:52,919 Speaker 1: resolve this problem by making accessibility and affordability hallmarks of 337 00:19:52,960 --> 00:19:56,000 Speaker 1: their five G rollout. What we are going to need 338 00:19:56,040 --> 00:19:59,080 Speaker 1: to do is have people in leadership positions and in 339 00:19:59,160 --> 00:20:02,360 Speaker 1: part of every p of the ecosystem show the broader, 340 00:20:02,640 --> 00:20:06,800 Speaker 1: long term reasons why we provide access. Oz and I 341 00:20:06,880 --> 00:20:09,199 Speaker 1: once spoke to the former head of DARPA, that's the 342 00:20:09,280 --> 00:20:12,800 Speaker 1: agency that invented the Internet. Her name is Arthur Probacar, 343 00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:15,040 Speaker 1: and she told us one of her big priorities at 344 00:20:15,080 --> 00:20:19,000 Speaker 1: DARPA was building safe systems at the design phase. That 345 00:20:19,040 --> 00:20:23,000 Speaker 1: means anticipating problems before they arise. When we think about 346 00:20:23,040 --> 00:20:26,120 Speaker 1: deploying five G, it's important we focus on making sure 347 00:20:26,160 --> 00:20:28,280 Speaker 1: we are not racing towards a future for the few, 348 00:20:28,800 --> 00:20:31,760 Speaker 1: but thoughtfully building for the many. Because you know, while 349 00:20:31,840 --> 00:20:33,359 Speaker 1: so many of us are like, oh, we're on social 350 00:20:33,440 --> 00:20:36,679 Speaker 1: media too much, some of us still aren't connected. We 351 00:20:36,720 --> 00:20:39,520 Speaker 1: don't know what tomorrow will bring, but the people building 352 00:20:39,520 --> 00:20:42,960 Speaker 1: tomorrow's network and the applications on top of it, should 353 00:20:42,960 --> 00:20:46,240 Speaker 1: be considering all of the challenges as well as the opportunities. 354 00:20:47,040 --> 00:20:50,120 Speaker 1: And on the subject of this time tomorrow, Flynn's book 355 00:20:50,119 --> 00:20:53,080 Speaker 1: introduced me to an interesting concept that I hadn't heard before, 356 00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:55,480 Speaker 1: but it's kind of changed the way I think about 357 00:20:55,560 --> 00:21:00,359 Speaker 1: technological development. The Jason possible is the theory and actus. 358 00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:04,080 Speaker 1: It's this fascinating idea that when we predict and forecast 359 00:21:04,280 --> 00:21:06,879 Speaker 1: using the tools we have today, it's really impossible to 360 00:21:06,960 --> 00:21:10,399 Speaker 1: predict the future, and we can't possibly see the further 361 00:21:10,520 --> 00:21:14,320 Speaker 1: horizon until we keep stepping forward. The adjacent possible was 362 00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:18,080 Speaker 1: first shared by the theoretical biologists Stephen Kaufman in his 363 00:21:18,119 --> 00:21:21,520 Speaker 1: book At Home in the Universe. For Kaufman, it's this 364 00:21:21,800 --> 00:21:24,240 Speaker 1: future that does not exist, but is a step away 365 00:21:24,240 --> 00:21:27,840 Speaker 1: from existence. For the rest of us, the adjacent possible 366 00:21:27,960 --> 00:21:30,040 Speaker 1: is how we get to what's next based on what 367 00:21:30,080 --> 00:21:34,359 Speaker 1: we already have. You may be listening to this and thinking, well, 368 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:36,720 Speaker 1: what does the adjacent possible have to do with the 369 00:21:36,760 --> 00:21:41,280 Speaker 1: next generation cellular network? The answer is quite a lot. 370 00:21:42,600 --> 00:21:47,480 Speaker 1: We know, given dramatic breakthroughs during previous generations of wireless, 371 00:21:47,480 --> 00:21:51,359 Speaker 1: that we are again on the precipice of extraordinary innovation 372 00:21:51,359 --> 00:21:56,000 Speaker 1: and change, but we can't know this change. The theory 373 00:21:56,000 --> 00:21:58,800 Speaker 1: of the adjacent possible encourages us to look at the 374 00:21:58,800 --> 00:22:01,679 Speaker 1: tools we currently have of both in the marketplace and 375 00:22:01,800 --> 00:22:05,080 Speaker 1: in our backyards, to consider what the world might look like. 376 00:22:06,320 --> 00:22:09,000 Speaker 1: I've seen the evolution, just for example, in my students 377 00:22:09,320 --> 00:22:11,359 Speaker 1: and before you know, in some of the classes, it 378 00:22:11,400 --> 00:22:13,840 Speaker 1: was all about businesses for profit, and now I'm seeing 379 00:22:13,840 --> 00:22:16,440 Speaker 1: a huge in the next generation move towards no there 380 00:22:16,440 --> 00:22:19,320 Speaker 1: should be positive environmental impact and for human rights and 381 00:22:19,359 --> 00:22:22,280 Speaker 1: social justice. It's good to hear from Flynn that some 382 00:22:22,400 --> 00:22:25,760 Speaker 1: future business leaders are more focused on collaboration and purpose 383 00:22:25,840 --> 00:22:29,520 Speaker 1: over profit. We'll need a collaborative ecosystem to make the 384 00:22:29,560 --> 00:22:33,480 Speaker 1: most of five G. It's not just millimeter wave, it's 385 00:22:33,480 --> 00:22:37,199 Speaker 1: not just multiple antenna it's what will be built on top. 386 00:22:37,840 --> 00:22:40,760 Speaker 1: What will the ubers and venmos of tomorrow bring, and 387 00:22:40,800 --> 00:22:43,640 Speaker 1: how will they explore the limits of new networks. This 388 00:22:43,680 --> 00:22:47,040 Speaker 1: podcast will search for the most inspiring examples of our 389 00:22:47,119 --> 00:22:54,320 Speaker 1: adjacent possible. All right, can you stop googling the adjacent 390 00:22:54,359 --> 00:22:55,560 Speaker 1: possible was just going to tell you what it is. 391 00:22:55,960 --> 00:23:00,200 Speaker 1: There's this wonderful writer named Stephen Johnson who wrote about 392 00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:02,679 Speaker 1: the adjacent possible and one of his books, and in 393 00:23:02,760 --> 00:23:07,280 Speaker 1: it he wrote, think of a house that magically expands 394 00:23:07,520 --> 00:23:10,280 Speaker 1: with each door you open. You begin in a room 395 00:23:10,320 --> 00:23:12,919 Speaker 1: with four doors, each leading to a new room that 396 00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:18,520 Speaker 1: you haven't visited yet. Those four rooms are the adjacent possible. 397 00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:21,600 Speaker 1: But once you open one of those doors and stroll 398 00:23:21,720 --> 00:23:25,119 Speaker 1: into that room, three new doors appear, each leading to 399 00:23:25,119 --> 00:23:27,320 Speaker 1: a brand new room that you couldn't have reached from 400 00:23:27,359 --> 00:23:31,320 Speaker 1: your original starting point. Keep opening doors, and eventually you'll 401 00:23:31,320 --> 00:23:34,719 Speaker 1: have built a palace. Well, they're basically also saying that 402 00:23:34,920 --> 00:23:38,480 Speaker 1: all innovation is essentially a choose your own adventure using 403 00:23:38,520 --> 00:23:40,639 Speaker 1: the tools that you already have. The thing I like 404 00:23:40,760 --> 00:23:44,480 Speaker 1: about the adjacent possible is that it rejiggers the way, 405 00:23:44,560 --> 00:23:46,760 Speaker 1: at least I think about the future. You know, I 406 00:23:46,800 --> 00:23:50,320 Speaker 1: normally think of the future as this far out, disembodied place. 407 00:23:51,080 --> 00:23:53,760 Speaker 1: The theory of the adjacent possible forces us to consider 408 00:23:54,119 --> 00:23:57,040 Speaker 1: what we have available to us right now, and then 409 00:23:57,080 --> 00:24:00,359 Speaker 1: think about how those things might open doors to the future. 410 00:24:00,680 --> 00:24:03,040 Speaker 1: It's kind of radical I think it's fascinating. I mean 411 00:24:03,080 --> 00:24:05,840 Speaker 1: I had got my my wander, my cauldron, and my 412 00:24:05,880 --> 00:24:08,680 Speaker 1: crystal ball out for this podcast. But it does also 413 00:24:08,760 --> 00:24:11,480 Speaker 1: raise questions about who are the people who are going 414 00:24:11,560 --> 00:24:15,400 Speaker 1: through this house this adjacent possible with all these rooms, 415 00:24:15,480 --> 00:24:19,000 Speaker 1: and historically in the US that's been businesses. I found 416 00:24:19,040 --> 00:24:22,040 Speaker 1: Andrea Goldsmith a very interesting guest because she's both a 417 00:24:22,080 --> 00:24:25,720 Speaker 1: researcher at Stanford and as she describes it, as serial entrepreneur, 418 00:24:26,040 --> 00:24:28,800 Speaker 1: someone who's built businesses. And so when we think about 419 00:24:28,800 --> 00:24:32,480 Speaker 1: the adjacent possible and what might come next, the likelihood 420 00:24:32,600 --> 00:24:34,960 Speaker 1: is that that will be driven by an entrepreneur or 421 00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:38,040 Speaker 1: a business somebody looking for a market, somebody looking to 422 00:24:38,119 --> 00:24:41,040 Speaker 1: build a killer application, so to speak, on top of 423 00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:44,240 Speaker 1: this five G network. And so our next guest is 424 00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:46,640 Speaker 1: going to tell us about exactly what businesses are looking 425 00:24:46,640 --> 00:24:51,280 Speaker 1: out for. I am Degam Lady. I am a senior 426 00:24:51,359 --> 00:24:53,840 Speaker 1: vice president and general manager for four G and five 427 00:24:53,840 --> 00:24:59,120 Speaker 1: G Technologies and Qualcom derger Overseas five G at Qualcom, 428 00:24:59,160 --> 00:25:01,560 Speaker 1: which is one of the last just manufacturers of chips 429 00:25:01,600 --> 00:25:05,719 Speaker 1: in the world, the chips that make your smartphone well smart. 430 00:25:06,600 --> 00:25:10,639 Speaker 1: And Qualcom also creates and owns technology patterns. That's the 431 00:25:10,680 --> 00:25:15,240 Speaker 1: intellectual property that underlies a great deal of today's wireless communications. 432 00:25:15,280 --> 00:25:19,480 Speaker 1: The chips it inside any of these different product categories 433 00:25:19,680 --> 00:25:22,600 Speaker 1: is what makes it dick. It's the heart and soul 434 00:25:22,640 --> 00:25:25,760 Speaker 1: of the entire product, and from a connectivity standpoint, it's 435 00:25:25,800 --> 00:25:29,240 Speaker 1: the most important piece of of the entire device. In fact, 436 00:25:29,480 --> 00:25:33,000 Speaker 1: Qualcom actually invested in two companies that have become synonymous 437 00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:36,280 Speaker 1: with Connection on the go Ways the app for driving 438 00:25:36,280 --> 00:25:40,600 Speaker 1: directions and live traffic response, and Fitbit, the fitness tracker 439 00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:44,840 Speaker 1: that Google just acquired. Recently, Qualcom announced the two hundred 440 00:25:44,960 --> 00:25:50,680 Speaker 1: million dollar five G Ecosystem Fund. Effectively, they're providing capital 441 00:25:50,800 --> 00:25:53,720 Speaker 1: to the types of businesses aiming to build the killer 442 00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:56,600 Speaker 1: apps to make five G relevant. Because we're not going 443 00:25:56,640 --> 00:25:58,400 Speaker 1: to be able to predict everything that's going to happen 444 00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:00,720 Speaker 1: seven eight years down the road. You might be able to, 445 00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:03,520 Speaker 1: you know, probably say these are the trend lines and 446 00:26:03,560 --> 00:26:06,960 Speaker 1: so on, but the idea is to build the toolkit. 447 00:26:07,359 --> 00:26:11,359 Speaker 1: Like Andrea Goldsmith, Burger is particularly excited about a world 448 00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:15,160 Speaker 1: of device to device connection, the Internet of Things. Let's 449 00:26:15,160 --> 00:26:18,399 Speaker 1: imagine a situation where every automobile has got five G 450 00:26:18,680 --> 00:26:21,720 Speaker 1: connectivity inside. Well, the next thing you can start thinking 451 00:26:21,760 --> 00:26:25,720 Speaker 1: of is maybe these cars can not just connect to 452 00:26:25,720 --> 00:26:28,520 Speaker 1: the network, but they can connect to each other, and 453 00:26:28,560 --> 00:26:30,919 Speaker 1: that brings in what we call as V two V 454 00:26:31,080 --> 00:26:36,960 Speaker 1: vehicle to vehicle communication. They're in. Safety applications start coming in. 455 00:26:37,440 --> 00:26:41,159 Speaker 1: Imagine the following you're driving and you slam on the 456 00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:44,560 Speaker 1: brake because there's something else that's right in front of you. Today, 457 00:26:44,600 --> 00:26:47,000 Speaker 1: the only way that everyone else knows that you slammed 458 00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:49,520 Speaker 1: on the brake is maybe the person behind you saw 459 00:26:49,560 --> 00:26:52,399 Speaker 1: a red light which lights up behind your vehicle, and 460 00:26:52,400 --> 00:26:54,040 Speaker 1: that's how they know they did this. But what about 461 00:26:54,040 --> 00:26:55,879 Speaker 1: the person behind, what about the person who's on the 462 00:26:55,920 --> 00:26:59,480 Speaker 1: adjacent lane, they don't know it. Well, instead, now you 463 00:26:59,520 --> 00:27:02,600 Speaker 1: slam on break and a message of wireless message instead 464 00:27:02,680 --> 00:27:05,000 Speaker 1: is sent out. In addition to the red light, wireless 465 00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:07,720 Speaker 1: messages sent out to all the vehicles around it, and 466 00:27:07,760 --> 00:27:09,399 Speaker 1: they all know that you break down it. So now 467 00:27:09,480 --> 00:27:13,600 Speaker 1: you start seeing safety features come up as a part 468 00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:16,359 Speaker 1: of this wireless communications. The next thing you know, the 469 00:27:16,440 --> 00:27:18,800 Speaker 1: same vehicle can communicate with the traffic light which is 470 00:27:18,800 --> 00:27:21,640 Speaker 1: one or two miles down the road, which states, hey, 471 00:27:21,720 --> 00:27:23,440 Speaker 1: right now, it's at a green and if you drive 472 00:27:23,480 --> 00:27:25,760 Speaker 1: at this speed then it will remain a green for you, 473 00:27:25,840 --> 00:27:28,840 Speaker 1: and so on, so you increase transportation efficiency. All of 474 00:27:28,880 --> 00:27:31,200 Speaker 1: a sudden, you can see that five G can enable 475 00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:34,360 Speaker 1: and improve the efficiency. You have so many different things 476 00:27:34,359 --> 00:27:37,359 Speaker 1: in that automobile sector, whether it is safety applications, so 477 00:27:37,440 --> 00:27:40,800 Speaker 1: whether it is transportation efficiency. And this promise of connecting 478 00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:46,240 Speaker 1: previously unconnected devices goes far beyond cars and driving. Think 479 00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:47,879 Speaker 1: of the following. Let's say that you have a really 480 00:27:47,960 --> 00:27:51,840 Speaker 1: large farm out there. The irrigation policy for the day 481 00:27:51,920 --> 00:27:54,480 Speaker 1: is determined by the level of humanity and the soil 482 00:27:54,520 --> 00:27:56,720 Speaker 1: moisture content. But you need to have that information in 483 00:27:56,760 --> 00:27:59,600 Speaker 1: real time to be able to understand exactly what should 484 00:27:59,640 --> 00:28:03,080 Speaker 1: be the drip big irrigation policy for today. So we 485 00:28:03,119 --> 00:28:06,240 Speaker 1: can start to use data collected from many more senses 486 00:28:06,520 --> 00:28:10,280 Speaker 1: to make more informed decisions. And another industry this could 487 00:28:10,280 --> 00:28:15,080 Speaker 1: transform is manufacturing. Reliability matters. You want to just lose 488 00:28:15,119 --> 00:28:18,080 Speaker 1: maybe one message out of a million messages or something 489 00:28:18,119 --> 00:28:20,320 Speaker 1: of that sort. You're trying to control an industrial robot. 490 00:28:20,400 --> 00:28:24,040 Speaker 1: Latency matters. You want to actually have a responsive system 491 00:28:24,119 --> 00:28:27,440 Speaker 1: that can react in milliseconds fraction of a second. Really, 492 00:28:27,720 --> 00:28:29,439 Speaker 1: we work with them first, and so how can we 493 00:28:29,480 --> 00:28:32,040 Speaker 1: help you in this process? And the answers that we've 494 00:28:32,080 --> 00:28:35,520 Speaker 1: got is with wireless communication, there's so much of data 495 00:28:35,560 --> 00:28:38,920 Speaker 1: that we collect. Now we can locally process it, possibly 496 00:28:38,960 --> 00:28:41,240 Speaker 1: add some AI algorithms on top of it, right in 497 00:28:41,280 --> 00:28:44,240 Speaker 1: the manufacturing flow to figure out what is happening, quality control, 498 00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:48,520 Speaker 1: quality analysis, overall improvement in the efficiency. What Turger is 499 00:28:48,560 --> 00:28:52,840 Speaker 1: talking about is also known as edge computing. It's computation 500 00:28:52,880 --> 00:28:56,080 Speaker 1: that can happen in those small cells Andrea mentioned earlier 501 00:28:56,480 --> 00:28:59,160 Speaker 1: without wasting time and energy by going all the way 502 00:28:59,240 --> 00:29:01,800 Speaker 1: up to the cloud. As you're collecting large amounts of 503 00:29:01,880 --> 00:29:04,560 Speaker 1: data from a large number of entities, you say, okay, 504 00:29:04,560 --> 00:29:06,840 Speaker 1: I'm beginning to see a macro pattern over here. Maybe 505 00:29:06,880 --> 00:29:10,040 Speaker 1: there's a problem there that's a diagnostics issue, or maybe 506 00:29:10,080 --> 00:29:12,880 Speaker 1: this is my strategy over here that's a scheduling issue. 507 00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:15,280 Speaker 1: And so there is this confluence of five G n 508 00:29:15,280 --> 00:29:19,000 Speaker 1: AI that occurs in the background. This local computation, combined 509 00:29:19,040 --> 00:29:22,320 Speaker 1: with much higher data rates, could unlock the potential of 510 00:29:22,400 --> 00:29:25,680 Speaker 1: yet another technology that has been long talked about and 511 00:29:25,720 --> 00:29:30,400 Speaker 1: not yet fully adopted, virtual reality. With the amount of 512 00:29:30,480 --> 00:29:33,640 Speaker 1: data that needs to be processed today for we are. 513 00:29:33,760 --> 00:29:36,520 Speaker 1: It's a rather multi looking thing. That's because a lot 514 00:29:36,560 --> 00:29:39,600 Speaker 1: of processing is done on it. Now, what if you 515 00:29:39,680 --> 00:29:44,840 Speaker 1: actually have a much thinner form factor. Ideally, in fact, 516 00:29:44,880 --> 00:29:46,800 Speaker 1: what you really ought to be thinking of as you're 517 00:29:46,840 --> 00:29:51,720 Speaker 1: wearing something that looks like sunglasses the return of Google Eggs, 518 00:29:51,720 --> 00:29:55,800 Speaker 1: but seriously just sunglasses, and it has five G connectivity 519 00:29:55,880 --> 00:29:58,640 Speaker 1: and some limited processing power over there, so that it's 520 00:29:58,680 --> 00:30:03,040 Speaker 1: kind of really light, but it's outsourcing the rest of 521 00:30:03,080 --> 00:30:06,080 Speaker 1: the processing to a server that's located right next to it, 522 00:30:06,120 --> 00:30:08,360 Speaker 1: are very close to it. Now you can start thinking 523 00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:11,960 Speaker 1: about virtual telepresence VR capabilities. You can do exactly the 524 00:30:11,960 --> 00:30:15,240 Speaker 1: same with air as well collaborative workplaces wherein you have 525 00:30:15,960 --> 00:30:19,920 Speaker 1: three or four individuals and three continents, for example, they're 526 00:30:19,920 --> 00:30:22,800 Speaker 1: all looking at the same object, but using air they're 527 00:30:22,800 --> 00:30:26,040 Speaker 1: able to augment their reality wherever they are located based 528 00:30:26,080 --> 00:30:28,400 Speaker 1: upon what the other person is doing in a different location. 529 00:30:29,320 --> 00:30:32,959 Speaker 1: These applications are full of promise for the world of business. 530 00:30:33,120 --> 00:30:35,760 Speaker 1: But we talked earlier in the episode about the importance 531 00:30:35,840 --> 00:30:40,240 Speaker 1: of access to affordable and reliable connection for everyone, and 532 00:30:40,280 --> 00:30:42,600 Speaker 1: I want to Durger's take on how to avoid a 533 00:30:42,680 --> 00:30:45,280 Speaker 1: future built with a few you know, one of the 534 00:30:45,320 --> 00:30:47,560 Speaker 1: things that from Calcom we are very interested in is 535 00:30:47,640 --> 00:30:51,800 Speaker 1: making sure that we have broadband capabilities across the U S. 536 00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:55,800 Speaker 1: So rural broadband is something that's of importance to us. 537 00:30:55,960 --> 00:30:59,880 Speaker 1: That's where fixed wireless access applications come in. Fixed wireless 538 00:31:00,000 --> 00:31:03,360 Speaker 1: excess is one of the big promises of five G. Essentially, 539 00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:07,440 Speaker 1: it's the combination of those small cells and multiple antenna 540 00:31:07,480 --> 00:31:11,400 Speaker 1: techniques that we talked about to send fast connectivity wherever 541 00:31:11,440 --> 00:31:15,120 Speaker 1: it's needed without having to lay down expensive fibroctic cable. 542 00:31:15,840 --> 00:31:19,760 Speaker 1: The ability to bring hundreds of megabits per second connectivity 543 00:31:19,880 --> 00:31:23,360 Speaker 1: to rural households, to city halls and communities out in 544 00:31:23,400 --> 00:31:27,600 Speaker 1: the rural areas very promising. The technology is there. We 545 00:31:27,680 --> 00:31:29,400 Speaker 1: have to now make sure that there are the right 546 00:31:29,520 --> 00:31:31,840 Speaker 1: kinds of policies and incentives to make it happen in 547 00:31:31,840 --> 00:31:34,040 Speaker 1: the rural areas. But the technology has been built to 548 00:31:34,160 --> 00:31:37,200 Speaker 1: make it happen exactly that way. It wasn't something that 549 00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:39,720 Speaker 1: was easily possible with four G or three G before, 550 00:31:39,760 --> 00:31:43,880 Speaker 1: but with five GV have the technology. As Dagger said, 551 00:31:44,360 --> 00:31:46,920 Speaker 1: none of us can look into the future, but we 552 00:31:46,960 --> 00:31:50,480 Speaker 1: can look at the trend lines and on this time tomorrow, 553 00:31:50,920 --> 00:31:53,680 Speaker 1: we will follow those trend lines in search of the 554 00:31:53,720 --> 00:32:01,600 Speaker 1: adjacent possible. Available now from my Heart a new series 555 00:32:01,640 --> 00:32:05,840 Speaker 1: presented by Tembile for business, The Restless Ones join host 556 00:32:05,920 --> 00:32:09,080 Speaker 1: Johnson Strickland as he explores the upcoming five Year Revolution 557 00:32:09,440 --> 00:32:12,080 Speaker 1: and the business leaders who stand right on the cutting edge. 558 00:32:12,840 --> 00:32:15,800 Speaker 1: There are certain decision makers who are restless. They know 559 00:32:15,880 --> 00:32:17,840 Speaker 1: there is a better way to get things done, and 560 00:32:17,880 --> 00:32:22,000 Speaker 1: they're ready, curious and excited for the next technological innovation 561 00:32:22,240 --> 00:32:25,760 Speaker 1: to unlock their vision of the future. These restless ones 562 00:32:25,800 --> 00:32:30,400 Speaker 1: are in pursuit of bigger, better, smarter, stronger. They seek 563 00:32:30,400 --> 00:32:35,480 Speaker 1: new partners, new strategies, new processes. They pursue innovative platforms 564 00:32:35,480 --> 00:32:39,760 Speaker 1: and solutions to propel their teams, businesses, and industries forward. 565 00:32:40,400 --> 00:32:43,040 Speaker 1: In each episode, we'll learn more from the Restless Ones 566 00:32:43,080 --> 00:32:45,760 Speaker 1: themselves and dive deep into how they think of five 567 00:32:45,840 --> 00:32:49,600 Speaker 1: year Revolution could propel their business forward. The Restless Ones 568 00:32:49,680 --> 00:32:52,040 Speaker 1: is now available on the i Heart Radio app or 569 00:32:52,040 --> 00:32:59,040 Speaker 1: wherever you listen to podcasts. So Kara, we come to 570 00:32:59,080 --> 00:33:02,080 Speaker 1: the end of our first st episode of This Time tomorrow, 571 00:33:02,520 --> 00:33:04,880 Speaker 1: and we're going to keep trying to answer the questions 572 00:33:04,880 --> 00:33:09,200 Speaker 1: that the song poses. Ray Davies, was the lead singer 573 00:33:09,240 --> 00:33:12,880 Speaker 1: of The Kinks, said that the song is about going 574 00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:17,560 Speaker 1: into the unexpected, unexplored territory, what does the future hold 575 00:33:17,600 --> 00:33:20,000 Speaker 1: for us? I also like that we borrowed our title 576 00:33:20,120 --> 00:33:23,560 Speaker 1: from a song from the late sixties early seventies because 577 00:33:24,080 --> 00:33:27,400 Speaker 1: that error was such an exciting and fertile time for innovation. 578 00:33:27,880 --> 00:33:31,680 Speaker 1: There was Apollo eight, in the first man spaceship to 579 00:33:31,800 --> 00:33:35,040 Speaker 1: orbit the Moon and crucially returned to Earth. And in 580 00:33:35,920 --> 00:33:40,720 Speaker 1: one Intel released the first commercially available microprocessor, which basically 581 00:33:40,800 --> 00:33:44,000 Speaker 1: kicked off the personal computing revolution. And do you know 582 00:33:44,080 --> 00:33:49,440 Speaker 1: what happened in the Watergate here, Well, that was one thing. 583 00:33:50,520 --> 00:33:52,840 Speaker 1: There was also the first ever cell phone call, which 584 00:33:52,840 --> 00:33:56,320 Speaker 1: was demonstrated in New York City by the inventor Martin Cooper. 585 00:33:56,880 --> 00:33:59,720 Speaker 1: So it's a time of these great inventions that became 586 00:33:59,760 --> 00:34:03,400 Speaker 1: even more significant and helpful over time as they were 587 00:34:03,440 --> 00:34:06,320 Speaker 1: refined and we found uses for them that made them relevant. 588 00:34:07,520 --> 00:34:09,719 Speaker 1: So on this podcast, we're going to take everything we 589 00:34:09,760 --> 00:34:12,319 Speaker 1: do know about five G today, how it works, what 590 00:34:12,400 --> 00:34:15,760 Speaker 1: it might enable, and then extrapolate what kind of amazing 591 00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:18,560 Speaker 1: applications might be built on top of it. At the 592 00:34:18,600 --> 00:34:21,520 Speaker 1: same time, we're going to be cognizant that every new 593 00:34:21,560 --> 00:34:24,880 Speaker 1: technology brings risks as well as rewards. We're going to 594 00:34:25,040 --> 00:34:27,920 Speaker 1: keep privacy and access top of mind throughout all of 595 00:34:27,960 --> 00:34:30,440 Speaker 1: our conversations, and as we do so, we're going to 596 00:34:30,480 --> 00:34:33,360 Speaker 1: explore some of the applications that exist today but it 597 00:34:33,440 --> 00:34:37,240 Speaker 1: could be made better by five G, everything from virtual 598 00:34:37,280 --> 00:34:41,080 Speaker 1: reality to disaster relief to medicine, with some of the 599 00:34:41,120 --> 00:34:44,440 Speaker 1: best scientists and most creative business people in the world, 600 00:34:44,640 --> 00:34:47,800 Speaker 1: all in order to paint a picture of this time tomorrow. 601 00:34:52,400 --> 00:34:55,000 Speaker 1: On our next episode, we will explore how five G 602 00:34:55,200 --> 00:34:59,960 Speaker 1: could enable incredible new applications of virtual reality, transforming our 603 00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:03,000 Speaker 1: relationship with the world around us. We will learn how 604 00:35:03,000 --> 00:35:06,000 Speaker 1: the technology can be used and everything from helping long 605 00:35:06,120 --> 00:35:09,120 Speaker 1: term prisoners prepare for life on the outside to helping 606 00:35:09,160 --> 00:35:14,000 Speaker 1: astronauts train for missions in space. I'm asloshin see you 607 00:35:14,080 --> 00:35:27,040 Speaker 1: next time, no matter what you're after. T Mobile for 608 00:35:27,080 --> 00:35:30,440 Speaker 1: Business is here with a network born mobile and built 609 00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:32,719 Speaker 1: from the ground up for the next wave of innovation, 610 00:35:33,560 --> 00:35:37,560 Speaker 1: from mobile broadband to IoT to workforce mobility and everything 611 00:35:37,600 --> 00:35:40,640 Speaker 1: in between. T Mobile for Business is committed to helping 612 00:35:40,680 --> 00:35:44,000 Speaker 1: you move your business forward with the products and services 613 00:35:44,080 --> 00:35:47,280 Speaker 1: you need, as well as the dedicated, award winning customer 614 00:35:47,360 --> 00:35:51,560 Speaker 1: service you'd expect from America's most loved wireless company. Business 615 00:35:51,640 --> 00:35:55,440 Speaker 1: is changing. Learn more at T Mobile for business dot com.