WEBVTT - A Stunning Technology 0:00:00.160 --> 0:00:07.200 Brought to you by Toyota. Let's go places. Welcome to 0:00:07.400 --> 0:00:14.000 Forward Thinking. Hey, there ever be one? And Welcome to 0:00:14.200 --> 0:00:16.400 Forward Thinking, the podcast that looks at the future and 0:00:16.440 --> 0:00:20.239 says strange love A star Woman teaches. I'm John in Strickland, 0:00:20.280 --> 0:00:22.880 I'm Lauren Vocal, and I'm Joe McCormick. Hey, did you 0:00:22.920 --> 0:00:25.680 guys know that the Star Trek theme has lyrics to it? 0:00:26.520 --> 0:00:32.080 That's what I just quoted. Yeah, oh yeah, Michelle Nichols 0:00:32.120 --> 0:00:34.360 does a great version of it. Sometime. I'll play it 0:00:34.400 --> 0:00:36.800 for you guys. Sure she does, because when she does things, 0:00:36.800 --> 0:00:39.280 they're great things. So, hey, you know why I brought 0:00:39.360 --> 0:00:43.640 up Star Trek because we're talking about stunned technology today 0:00:43.640 --> 0:00:46.400 and you know in science fiction we see it all 0:00:46.440 --> 0:00:49.920 the time, right, Star Trek does it? Star Wars does it? 0:00:49.960 --> 0:00:52.400 Depends on what science fiction you're watching, because if I 0:00:52.440 --> 0:00:56.080 recall correctly, Star Wars does it once ever? Yeah, when 0:00:56.120 --> 0:00:58.680 it was the main character a k a princess, but 0:00:58.720 --> 0:01:00.960 it was also to keep around. It's also the once 0:01:01.000 --> 0:01:03.720 ever when a Stormtrooper was able to hit something. So 0:01:03.760 --> 0:01:07.920 it's obviously significant because in every other instance I can 0:01:08.160 --> 0:01:10.880 a member of a Stormtrooper firing with the with the 0:01:10.920 --> 0:01:13.240 exception of the nameless guys who die at the very 0:01:13.240 --> 0:01:16.120 beginning of episode four, they don't hit anything. Maybe they're 0:01:16.120 --> 0:01:20.480 all pacifists. Lauren makes a good point. It's because stormtroopers 0:01:20.480 --> 0:01:22.760 are always shooting at the main characters who are not 0:01:22.800 --> 0:01:25.480 supposed to die, So you're saying that they're protected by 0:01:25.480 --> 0:01:28.080 plot significance. Exactly. I got to get me some of 0:01:28.120 --> 0:01:31.040 the plot shields. But okay, so if you will call. 0:01:31.120 --> 0:01:34.160 At the beginning of Star Wars and New Hope, Princess 0:01:34.240 --> 0:01:37.880 Leiah's chilling in her corvette and the stormtroopers come on 0:01:37.959 --> 0:01:40.480 and they say there's one set for Stun, and she 0:01:40.760 --> 0:01:44.319 blasts one of them, I guess kills him. And then 0:01:45.400 --> 0:01:48.480 and then they shoot her with They don't look like 0:01:48.520 --> 0:01:51.800 those normal, you know, blaster bolts. There these rings they 0:01:51.800 --> 0:01:53.760 come out of the gun. That's how you know it's Stunn. Yeah, 0:01:53.920 --> 0:01:55.720 so the rings come out and then she just falls 0:01:55.800 --> 0:01:58.640 over like she's just taking a little nap. So yeah, 0:01:59.320 --> 0:02:01.440 stunt technolog g right, I mean that's the whole ideas 0:02:01.480 --> 0:02:04.400 you incapacitate your target without killing him or her. Yeah, 0:02:04.440 --> 0:02:07.440 I think that's the idea. So it's um it's a 0:02:07.520 --> 0:02:12.960 form of science fiction non lethal uh warfare, I don't know, 0:02:13.040 --> 0:02:16.560 maybe not ware non lethal. It's it's designed to incapacitate 0:02:16.639 --> 0:02:20.200 or paralyze someone. It's a good humane way of putting 0:02:20.200 --> 0:02:23.560 someone who's being unreasonable um out of the plot line, 0:02:23.800 --> 0:02:25.600 or if you need to, you know, take them on 0:02:25.639 --> 0:02:27.800 board your ships that you can torture them to discover 0:02:27.919 --> 0:02:32.720 the location of the rebel base. But but humanely you 0:02:32.800 --> 0:02:36.000 can torture them and find out the location the rebel base. Well, 0:02:36.240 --> 0:02:40.280 there's a very weird Geneva convention that guided the imperial action. 0:02:40.320 --> 0:02:45.080 Sure if the Imperial forces were really following yeah, I 0:02:45.120 --> 0:02:48.120 don't know at any rate, any start Trek we had 0:02:48.160 --> 0:02:52.560 it as well, where the there and clearly the crew 0:02:52.600 --> 0:02:56.040 of the Enterprise was all about exploring the universe and 0:02:56.120 --> 0:03:00.480 learning about it, not killing everything that came across its path. Everything. 0:03:00.760 --> 0:03:04.080 They did some killing, oh sure, but only after like 0:03:04.120 --> 0:03:06.040 eight or nine Red Shirts died. So really it was 0:03:06.080 --> 0:03:09.320 just coming on after either Kirker Ryker had had slept 0:03:09.320 --> 0:03:12.600 with it. So okay, depending upon whether we're talking original 0:03:12.600 --> 0:03:15.720 series or next generation, that's fair so okay, But uh 0:03:16.120 --> 0:03:18.600 so I just kind of I don't know, about y'all. 0:03:18.680 --> 0:03:21.799 I kind of grew up believing that this had some 0:03:22.000 --> 0:03:25.440 real life analogy. Well, let's let's talk about all right, Lauren. 0:03:25.520 --> 0:03:28.000 I know you've looked into the biology of of what 0:03:28.080 --> 0:03:30.680 we human beings work on and stuff and like the 0:03:30.680 --> 0:03:35.120 gooey mess that keeps us going. What exactly how would 0:03:35.200 --> 0:03:38.600 stun technology interact with a body to incapacitate us in 0:03:38.640 --> 0:03:42.000 some way? Okay, well, so your your body uses electrical 0:03:42.040 --> 0:03:45.040 signals to get things done. Um, your your brain communicates 0:03:45.080 --> 0:03:48.320 with your nerves via electrical signals, and those signals spur 0:03:48.440 --> 0:03:53.000 the release of neurotransmitter chemicals that control your muscles. So 0:03:53.000 --> 0:03:56.360 so we are we are walking squishy electrical systems, is 0:03:56.680 --> 0:03:59.920 really what's going on. And the the idea of modern 0:04:00.000 --> 0:04:04.760 and stun guns anyway, is to disrupt those electrical communication systems. 0:04:04.800 --> 0:04:08.080 So you're kind of overloading the electrical grid of a 0:04:08.160 --> 0:04:11.000 human being, right, which, you know, which is a pretty 0:04:11.000 --> 0:04:13.240 effective way of doing it. You know, you can hypothetically 0:04:13.280 --> 0:04:15.680 also or I mean you you literally can also use 0:04:15.760 --> 0:04:19.160 chemicals that are going to either be unpleasant enough to 0:04:19.200 --> 0:04:22.800 make you stop doing what you are doing temporarily or um, 0:04:23.279 --> 0:04:25.119 you could if you wanted to be kind of smart 0:04:25.120 --> 0:04:28.039 about it or or very dangerous about it, depending on 0:04:28.080 --> 0:04:32.200 the situation, use neurotransmitter chemicals or otherwise disrupt that process 0:04:32.279 --> 0:04:35.240 to to make that that mess up on gotcha. So 0:04:35.279 --> 0:04:37.599 in other words, we're talking about just interrupting the body's 0:04:37.600 --> 0:04:41.679 communication system between one way and and and the muscular story. 0:04:42.360 --> 0:04:45.440 So you know, in this case, we're talking about using 0:04:45.800 --> 0:04:50.680 high voltage low amperage kinds of right on modern existing 0:04:50.800 --> 0:04:54.000 stun weapons. That's what we're aiming to do. And so 0:04:54.000 --> 0:04:57.000 so what what what does a high voltage low amperage? 0:04:57.480 --> 0:05:01.840 So if you want to think about electricity into like water, uh, 0:05:01.920 --> 0:05:03.960 and you know that that that's helpful when you're talking 0:05:03.960 --> 0:05:07.240 about voltage. Voltage is pressure. That's how much water pressure, 0:05:07.320 --> 0:05:08.640 Like if you were to look at a water system, 0:05:08.680 --> 0:05:11.000 it's kind of analogous to that. Voltage is how much 0:05:12.160 --> 0:05:15.840 you've got behind it. Amperage is sort of the intensity 0:05:15.880 --> 0:05:19.119 of that electrical current. And I know those two things 0:05:19.120 --> 0:05:22.960 sound a little confusing, but essentially, if you have high 0:05:23.040 --> 0:05:27.560 voltage and low amperage, it is for a given definition 0:05:27.560 --> 0:05:31.320 of the word safe safe and that it will pack 0:05:31.360 --> 0:05:33.960 a wallop and it will make your your nervous system 0:05:34.520 --> 0:05:37.039 kind of go into a little bit of a short 0:05:37.120 --> 0:05:41.720 term freak out mode. But it shouldn't cause lasting damage 0:05:42.320 --> 0:05:46.440 for your average healthy human. But but you know, if 0:05:46.440 --> 0:05:50.640 you had high amperage, that's deadly stuff, right, Okay, So 0:05:50.640 --> 0:05:53.240 so what this means is that this is gonna This 0:05:53.360 --> 0:05:55.560 can really affect you in two different ways. And in 0:05:55.600 --> 0:05:58.240 the body, this current can mimic the pulse frequency of 0:05:58.240 --> 0:06:00.599 the electrical signals that you're getting from your brain, which 0:06:00.640 --> 0:06:03.120 can make the body's muscles and this is the technical 0:06:03.200 --> 0:06:07.080 term crazy go nuts. Um, it's you're talking about involuntary 0:06:07.160 --> 0:06:10.640 muscle contractions and at the standard sixty hurts or so 0:06:11.120 --> 0:06:13.560 it's going to occur with shocks of between six and 0:06:13.640 --> 0:06:17.000 sixteen millie amps um. This is a little bit painful, 0:06:17.080 --> 0:06:20.120 and um, the main action of it is is that 0:06:20.200 --> 0:06:23.240 I will okay, you know, as opposed to extreme pain, 0:06:23.320 --> 0:06:25.359 which I can talk about a little bit later, I 0:06:25.360 --> 0:06:28.160 can talk about how painful it is from personal experience. 0:06:28.320 --> 0:06:33.560 You have been shocked with a personal was do you 0:06:33.560 --> 0:06:35.960 want now? You want to know the story was trying 0:06:36.000 --> 0:06:39.000 to get too close to Brent spin Or at a convention, 0:06:39.160 --> 0:06:43.839 and uh, it was Jonathan Frakes and you know it. No, U, No, 0:06:44.040 --> 0:06:46.239 that's not the case. And Joe knows this story because 0:06:46.240 --> 0:06:49.159 I've already related it earlier today. But I know what 0:06:49.240 --> 0:06:52.320 happened was I was at is that a camping event, 0:06:52.560 --> 0:06:55.479 and a bunch of people sitting around the campfire, and 0:06:55.640 --> 0:06:59.640 the discussion turned to, you know, non lethal weapons, as 0:06:59.640 --> 0:07:04.000 it is on your typical camping trip. In case Jason 0:07:04.040 --> 0:07:06.039 Vorhees comes out of the woods, you need to find 0:07:06.040 --> 0:07:07.839 some way of slowing him down so he gets the 0:07:07.839 --> 0:07:09.400 weaker of the group so the rest of you can 0:07:09.440 --> 0:07:11.840 get away. Why didn't you bring a magic dagger with you? 0:07:13.120 --> 0:07:15.800 Turned out that I did not have a magical dagger. 0:07:15.840 --> 0:07:20.320 In fact, right now, we don't even have our mystical acts. Yeah, yeah, 0:07:21.040 --> 0:07:23.160 how is it? The tiger are not with us at 0:07:23.160 --> 0:07:25.560 any rate? So what happened was one of one of 0:07:25.600 --> 0:07:28.080 the people there had a stunt gun and explained that 0:07:28.360 --> 0:07:30.200 the juice had run down quite a bit to the 0:07:30.200 --> 0:07:32.400 point where it was no longer really an effective deterrent 0:07:32.480 --> 0:07:36.760 in any sense, and then demonstrated by stunt gunning himself 0:07:36.840 --> 0:07:39.960 in the leg uh and uh, and just made his 0:07:40.040 --> 0:07:41.760 leg twitch a little bit. And he said, see it's 0:07:41.920 --> 0:07:44.080 not even really effective. And then the person next to 0:07:44.160 --> 0:07:47.600 him said, let me see that and took it and went, oh, yeah, 0:07:47.680 --> 0:07:49.440 it kind of hurts, but that's it. And then the 0:07:49.480 --> 0:07:51.360 next person said, let me see that. And I was 0:07:51.400 --> 0:07:53.520 about two more people down the line, and of course 0:07:53.520 --> 0:07:55.520 by then I'm like, well, the peer pressure is already 0:07:55.520 --> 0:07:58.920 gained to the point where I cannot just no thanks, 0:07:58.920 --> 0:08:01.320 and handed to the next first said, so I also 0:08:01.400 --> 0:08:03.080 did it. It felt like kind of a beasting and 0:08:03.120 --> 0:08:05.320 it made my muscles in my thigh contract. But like 0:08:05.360 --> 0:08:08.240 I said, the juice and this one, the voltage was 0:08:08.360 --> 0:08:10.960 much lower than what it should have been to be 0:08:11.080 --> 0:08:14.000 a true deterrent. So at this point are our decision 0:08:14.040 --> 0:08:16.440 was that if if any attacker were hit by this thing, 0:08:16.480 --> 0:08:18.840 it would only encourage them to hurt you more. It 0:08:18.880 --> 0:08:21.440 would really only make them angry. Yeah, what what you're 0:08:21.440 --> 0:08:23.520 really looking to do with a stun gun is to 0:08:23.880 --> 0:08:28.400 um to deplete a person's muscular energy reserves with these contractions, 0:08:28.400 --> 0:08:32.439 therefore making them temporarily too weak to move um. And secondly, 0:08:33.120 --> 0:08:35.800 the current in the brain it can it can introduce 0:08:35.840 --> 0:08:39.160 kind of like random noise into the brain's ordered signal 0:08:39.240 --> 0:08:42.239 system and that can cause a sense of of confusion 0:08:42.400 --> 0:08:46.199 and and off balancedness. It's sort of temporary mental paralysis. 0:08:46.280 --> 0:08:48.360 So this is kind of like the concept of getting 0:08:48.640 --> 0:08:53.400 UH interference on a radio signal. It's where you you 0:08:53.440 --> 0:08:56.199 can you're still getting a signal through, but you might 0:08:56.240 --> 0:08:58.679 have a competing signal that's that's coming in on it 0:08:59.120 --> 0:09:01.240 and it starts getting all jumbled. That's sort of the 0:09:01.280 --> 0:09:03.040 same sort of thing. It's like, you know, you've you've 0:09:03.120 --> 0:09:05.439 kind of done a little power surge in the body 0:09:05.480 --> 0:09:08.880 and your brain can't quite handle it exactly. Yeah. Um, So, 0:09:08.880 --> 0:09:11.920 so that covers the electrical system. On the chemical end, 0:09:12.200 --> 0:09:14.200 you know today we use stuff like tear gas and 0:09:14.280 --> 0:09:18.440 pepper spray sometimes in in terms of UM attacker or 0:09:18.640 --> 0:09:22.160 crowd control. And the idea is that these these chemicals 0:09:22.200 --> 0:09:26.160 are strong but non lethal irritants UM more precisely mucous 0:09:26.200 --> 0:09:30.440 membrane inflammatory agents which are going to cause UM pain 0:09:31.200 --> 0:09:33.840 eye swelling to the point of swelling shut for fifteen 0:09:33.880 --> 0:09:36.800 to thirty minutes and UM throat and no swelling that 0:09:36.840 --> 0:09:40.200 can compare breathing for about five to thirteen minutes. And 0:09:41.240 --> 0:09:43.240 I I do have the names of the two most 0:09:43.240 --> 0:09:45.720 common tear gases in use. If you guys really want 0:09:45.760 --> 0:09:49.880 to torture me and everyone else by saying seventeen syllable chemical, 0:09:50.200 --> 0:09:53.440 I don't think that's necessary. I think we get the point. Yeah, really, 0:09:53.480 --> 0:09:55.000 when you get down to it, When you get down 0:09:55.040 --> 0:09:58.480 to it, these chemicals aren't so much stunning people as 0:09:58.480 --> 0:10:00.679 convincing them they want to be any where other than 0:10:00.720 --> 0:10:03.080 where they are right then at that moment. Now, those 0:10:03.120 --> 0:10:05.920 those nerve agents, the kind of things that we um 0:10:06.240 --> 0:10:09.960 saw in Syria, work by inhibiting an enzyme that breaks 0:10:10.000 --> 0:10:14.960 down the narrow transmitter that's released to signal muscles to contract. Therefore, 0:10:15.040 --> 0:10:19.320 they prevent muscles from relaxing, which leads to a lot 0:10:19.360 --> 0:10:22.960 of really nasty stuff, but but most critically to suffocation. Yeah, 0:10:23.000 --> 0:10:28.280 that's not stun day. We're looking for non lethal stun 0:10:28.400 --> 0:10:30.600 technology the source stuff we see in Star Trek. That's 0:10:30.720 --> 0:10:33.959 clearly not the case. So right, but most of the time, 0:10:33.960 --> 0:10:37.680 when you're talking about messing with neuro neurotoxins, it's going 0:10:37.720 --> 0:10:41.160 to be on the level of death pretty soon, not this, 0:10:41.360 --> 0:10:45.280 not this. Yeah, So do we have anything that's a 0:10:45.280 --> 0:10:49.080 little bit closer to what this stunt technology would be? Like, 0:10:49.120 --> 0:10:51.960 I mean well, is there a way to zap somebody 0:10:52.000 --> 0:10:55.280 and knock them out? Yeahout hurting them? No, Now you 0:10:55.400 --> 0:10:57.679 made it tricky. I was. I was ready to talk 0:10:57.679 --> 0:10:59.920 about and then you made it more difficult. Okay, So 0:11:00.720 --> 0:11:03.040 stun guns are kind of the basic that we basic 0:11:03.160 --> 0:11:04.920 unit we need to talk about. And I chatted about 0:11:04.920 --> 0:11:06.760 it a second ago when I talked about stunning myself 0:11:06.760 --> 0:11:08.800 in the leg like an idiot. By the way, just 0:11:09.040 --> 0:11:11.959 in my defense, I was a stupid teenager at the time, 0:11:12.040 --> 0:11:15.199 all right. So also, kids, don't use stun guns on yourself. No, 0:11:16.280 --> 0:11:18.560 it's not it's not a good plan. Don't be like Jonathan. 0:11:18.640 --> 0:11:20.880 Don't be like me. I mean, look at me. I 0:11:20.920 --> 0:11:23.480 stunned myself in the leg and became an incredibly successful 0:11:23.480 --> 0:11:28.280 and famous person. So don't do that. Um, those two things, 0:11:28.280 --> 0:11:32.720 by the way, not not no causation there, And just 0:11:32.720 --> 0:11:34.400 just keep that in mind. I had not told that 0:11:34.520 --> 0:11:38.240 story for like fifteen years, so um at any rate. 0:11:38.280 --> 0:11:41.960 The the stun gun is your sort of basic stun weapon, 0:11:42.120 --> 0:11:46.760 and it's kind of a bad name for it, stun gun, 0:11:46.760 --> 0:11:48.480 because it it is not the same effect as you 0:11:48.480 --> 0:11:53.040 would imagine a stunned phaser like it doesn't harmlessly render 0:11:53.160 --> 0:11:56.680 someone unconscious exactly. And you know, like in Star Trek, 0:11:56.800 --> 0:11:59.960 not only are they just harmlessly rendered unconscious, they slump 0:12:00.080 --> 0:12:03.480 over in such a way that doesn't cause them physical damage. Yeah, 0:12:03.480 --> 0:12:05.600 they kind of sit down. Yeah, I don't know. I 0:12:05.600 --> 0:12:08.720 don't know if you've ever seen anyone actually lose consciousness 0:12:08.720 --> 0:12:11.920 while upright. It is nothing like that. Sometimes they're allowed 0:12:12.000 --> 0:12:15.480 sounds when like skull bone hits the ground. Yeah, it's 0:12:15.600 --> 0:12:19.480 not good. So anyway, the basic stun gun is designed 0:12:19.480 --> 0:12:23.600 where you have two sets of electrodes generally speaking uh 0:12:23.640 --> 0:12:26.880 an outer set and interset, meaning that there are two 0:12:26.920 --> 0:12:29.839 that are closer together and to their further apart. The 0:12:29.920 --> 0:12:31.280 two that are further apart of the ones that are 0:12:31.280 --> 0:12:34.680 actually designed to make contact with your target. The two 0:12:34.720 --> 0:12:39.160 that are closer together are meant to allow sparks to spark, 0:12:39.280 --> 0:12:41.800 thus acting as a deterrent. So if I hold up 0:12:41.800 --> 0:12:43.839 a stun gun, not not all of them have these 0:12:43.880 --> 0:12:45.559 two sets, by the way, but a lot of them do. 0:12:45.920 --> 0:12:47.079 So if I hold up a stun gun and I 0:12:47.160 --> 0:12:49.320 hit the button and you hear that d get noise 0:12:49.360 --> 0:12:53.880 and you see the sparks across, Yeah, that's just it's 0:12:53.920 --> 0:12:57.920 meant to be. It's really meant to to for the 0:12:57.960 --> 0:13:02.280 person who's wielding it to say, please, please, please, don't 0:13:02.320 --> 0:13:05.120 make me use this, because it's not going to be 0:13:05.120 --> 0:13:07.880 pleasant for you. The outer set of electrodes are what 0:13:07.920 --> 0:13:10.560 would actually pass the electric current through the body of 0:13:10.640 --> 0:13:14.520 the target. Uh. So you've also got a capacitor. Capacitors 0:13:14.520 --> 0:13:17.960 are very useful in electronics. They store up energy and 0:13:18.000 --> 0:13:20.679 then release it all at once, So they're different from batteries. 0:13:21.040 --> 0:13:25.480 Batteries release energy gradually through a chemical uh. Usually you know, 0:13:25.520 --> 0:13:27.440 we talked about it as being a chemical reaction that 0:13:27.480 --> 0:13:30.840 releases electricity. A capacitor stores up electricity and then releases 0:13:30.840 --> 0:13:32.840 it all at once. There are a lot of electronics 0:13:32.880 --> 0:13:35.840 that use capacitors. For example, your camera flash is a 0:13:35.840 --> 0:13:38.600 capacity uses a capacitor because you know, you want that 0:13:38.800 --> 0:13:41.640 energy released in a very quick burst to get that flash. 0:13:41.640 --> 0:13:44.520 Otherwise the light would come on slowly and then go 0:13:44.600 --> 0:13:48.840 off slowly and not be useful for photographs. So in 0:13:48.880 --> 0:13:50.600 this case, the capacitor is there so that you can 0:13:50.640 --> 0:13:53.760 actually release a shock all at once to the target. 0:13:54.440 --> 0:13:57.319 You have a battery that actually stores the electricity usually 0:13:57.400 --> 0:14:00.120 gets a certain number of charges. Each charge tend to 0:14:00.120 --> 0:14:01.839 be a little weaker than the one before it until 0:14:01.840 --> 0:14:05.040 you can recharge to full or replace the battery, usually 0:14:05.080 --> 0:14:07.400 a standard nine vault battery. I think yeah, nine volt 0:14:07.400 --> 0:14:11.199 batteries pretty common. They also have oscillators that fluctuate the 0:14:11.240 --> 0:14:14.040 current to provide pulses of electricity, and the pulses of 0:14:14.080 --> 0:14:17.680 electricity are what create that pattern that makes muscles wear 0:14:17.679 --> 0:14:22.200 out faster because they contract for while the pulses going. 0:14:22.280 --> 0:14:24.920 Then they stop and they contract again, and it's really 0:14:24.960 --> 0:14:28.240 really rapid, so it exhausts the muscle very quickly. So 0:14:28.280 --> 0:14:31.120 that's your basic stun gun, but there are, of course 0:14:31.280 --> 0:14:35.080 some variations. There's the Taser, which is actually named after 0:14:35.120 --> 0:14:40.560 a science fiction weapon, but the Taser is uh adds 0:14:40.560 --> 0:14:43.040 another element to your basic stun gun, which is that 0:14:43.160 --> 0:14:46.320 has a little air canister in it that allows it 0:14:46.400 --> 0:14:50.520 to project those electrodes out from the base unit, and 0:14:50.560 --> 0:14:53.880 they are connected to the base unit by wires, so 0:14:54.080 --> 0:14:55.960 that means you can actually have a range to this 0:14:56.000 --> 0:14:58.000 thing as opposed to just being you know, face to 0:14:58.040 --> 0:15:01.920 face with whoever you are trying to zap. They could 0:15:01.960 --> 0:15:07.400 be fifteen feet away and it fires the electrodes attached 0:15:07.440 --> 0:15:10.840 to the target and it's about as pleasant as it sounds. 0:15:10.920 --> 0:15:13.920 And then electricity passes through the wires to the electrodes 0:15:14.040 --> 0:15:18.720 and causes the target to go through the same convulsion, right, right, 0:15:18.840 --> 0:15:21.400 So in all of these cases you need physical contact 0:15:21.400 --> 0:15:23.040 of some kind. It's it's not like it's not like 0:15:23.080 --> 0:15:26.160 a Star Trek phaser, where you know there's a there's 0:15:26.200 --> 0:15:28.360 there's a ray and you can be a long way away. 0:15:28.520 --> 0:15:31.200 You have to physically make contact so that these electrodes 0:15:31.240 --> 0:15:35.120 can use the the person that you are using it 0:15:35.200 --> 0:15:39.960 on as the as the connection point. It's completing the circuit. Yeah, exactly, exactly. 0:15:40.440 --> 0:15:44.240 So these the handheld unit has like all the battery 0:15:44.240 --> 0:15:46.280 and everything in it, so you and you can actually 0:15:46.360 --> 0:15:49.520 usually at least with the Taser one, you can administer 0:15:49.760 --> 0:15:53.320 additional shock if you have to. In other words, if 0:15:53.320 --> 0:15:56.640 someone is still being combative and in a danger to 0:15:56.800 --> 0:15:59.920 either themselves or to other people, then you can admit 0:16:00.000 --> 0:16:04.200 stir another couple of apps. Um, pretty serious stuff. But 0:16:04.240 --> 0:16:06.280 I mean even that, you know, you're still talking about 0:16:06.320 --> 0:16:10.440 a range of ten to fifteen feet maybe, Um, if 0:16:10.440 --> 0:16:12.680 you want to go beyond that, then you could look 0:16:12.680 --> 0:16:16.800 at their shotgun taser, which is a pretty interesting piece 0:16:16.800 --> 0:16:18.840 of technology. I got to see it at c e 0:16:19.040 --> 0:16:22.200 S before it was rolled out as an actual product. 0:16:22.320 --> 0:16:25.480 They were showing it off as the prototype stage. Absolutely 0:16:25.520 --> 0:16:29.120 fascinating technology. Very scary stuff too, obviously, because you think 0:16:29.120 --> 0:16:31.640 about this, not less scary, I would say, than an 0:16:31.640 --> 0:16:36.440 actual shotgun blast, but um so imagine a shotgun shell, 0:16:36.480 --> 0:16:39.600 but instead of it having shot inside of it, it 0:16:39.680 --> 0:16:43.160 has this little plastic device that's got two electrodes on 0:16:43.200 --> 0:16:45.560 the end of it, and when you fire it, a 0:16:45.600 --> 0:16:48.680 little fins pop out to stabilize its flight and it 0:16:48.800 --> 0:16:53.520 flies to its target. Once it impacts the target, the 0:16:53.560 --> 0:16:58.520 back half of this device separates and it's connected to 0:16:58.560 --> 0:17:01.160 the front half that has the electrodes by wires. So 0:17:01.200 --> 0:17:03.680 in a way, it's like having a handheld taser unit, 0:17:03.920 --> 0:17:06.600 but it's mantorized and it's all on the target, and 0:17:06.600 --> 0:17:08.520 it's like you throw if you were going to throw 0:17:08.520 --> 0:17:14.119 the taser, and so the wires are not insulated, so 0:17:14.160 --> 0:17:16.359 in other words, if you reach to try and pull 0:17:16.440 --> 0:17:19.639 the taser unit off of yourself, you're gonna get shocked 0:17:19.680 --> 0:17:22.640 by the wires too. Uh. And it also has enough 0:17:22.920 --> 0:17:27.800 juice in it to administer several pulses of electricity through 0:17:27.840 --> 0:17:32.320 it to render the target immobile. So, uh, it's a 0:17:33.160 --> 0:17:39.439 I'll put it this way, it's effective. Uh So this sounds, though, 0:17:39.680 --> 0:17:42.919 I guess, intended to be not lethal somehow not quite 0:17:43.000 --> 0:17:46.600 as humane as the stick and spans star treks done gun. Well, 0:17:46.640 --> 0:17:50.439 I mean yeah, I would say if you're talking about humane, 0:17:50.440 --> 0:17:53.760 as in the target experiences no discomfort or pain, then 0:17:53.920 --> 0:17:57.480 obviously this is not that same world. We're talking about 0:17:57.520 --> 0:18:03.040 two totally different things here. Uh. It's an incredibly tricky 0:18:03.119 --> 0:18:06.600 situation because if you're talking about situations where there are 0:18:06.640 --> 0:18:11.360 a lot of people out of control and they are 0:18:11.480 --> 0:18:16.360 a potential threat to innocent bystanders, and yet they themselves 0:18:16.359 --> 0:18:21.720 are not necessarily criminals or otherwise dangerous. It's just the 0:18:21.760 --> 0:18:25.119 situation has gotten out of control. What are people who 0:18:25.160 --> 0:18:27.840 are supposed to keep the peace to do about that 0:18:27.920 --> 0:18:32.040 kind of situation that minimizes the impact of their own 0:18:32.119 --> 0:18:35.880 actions keeping things in control, limiting the damage that's done. 0:18:36.480 --> 0:18:40.480 It's a really tricky problem. I don't know that stun 0:18:40.520 --> 0:18:44.400 technology is necessarily the right approach for that, but it's 0:18:44.520 --> 0:18:47.359 at least an attempt for people to try and find 0:18:47.400 --> 0:18:50.919 a way of dealing with something that is truly a 0:18:50.960 --> 0:18:55.639 sticky situation, right, and an electrical stunt technology in particular 0:18:55.800 --> 0:19:00.800 is very tricky because you're working with UM within very 0:19:00.840 --> 0:19:04.560 limited parameters of what is going to be effective without 0:19:04.600 --> 0:19:08.919 being permanently damaging. UM. You know, it's and and the 0:19:08.960 --> 0:19:11.840 exact numbers can vary depending on what source you're looking at, 0:19:11.840 --> 0:19:14.040 but about one to two million amps is the threshold 0:19:14.080 --> 0:19:16.320 of human perception that you're going to feel a tingle, 0:19:16.440 --> 0:19:19.480 but it's not really going to going to be painful. UM. 0:19:19.520 --> 0:19:23.080 Below five million amps, most people retain control of their muscles. 0:19:23.080 --> 0:19:25.360 That's probably about what you guys were delivering to each 0:19:25.400 --> 0:19:27.680 other with that with that stune gun way back. Maybe 0:19:27.680 --> 0:19:30.040 a little bit more, but not by much. UM six 0:19:30.080 --> 0:19:33.640 to sixteen is is the range at which most electrical 0:19:33.640 --> 0:19:36.920 stun weapons fall into. If you go above that, you're 0:19:36.920 --> 0:19:39.480 going to involve UM a lot of pain and and 0:19:39.600 --> 0:19:43.160 risk throwing the person into respiratory arrest or paralysis and 0:19:43.320 --> 0:19:45.720 UM death can even occur at this range, depending on 0:19:45.720 --> 0:19:48.360 the length of the shock that's delivered. When you get 0:19:48.480 --> 0:19:50.480 up above a hundred million amps, you're you're going to 0:19:50.560 --> 0:19:56.360 risk ventricular fibrillation, which is erratic or uncontrolled heartbeats right. Well, 0:19:56.400 --> 0:19:59.679 and also I mean to to add to the complexity 0:19:59.680 --> 0:20:03.359 of this issue and the fact that stun technology uh. 0:20:03.400 --> 0:20:06.840 While you know, the the premise is something that I 0:20:06.920 --> 0:20:12.320 think is easily agreeable, like the idea of a technology 0:20:12.359 --> 0:20:18.359 that can incapacitate a potentially dangerous target humanely. Uh, I 0:20:18.400 --> 0:20:20.280 think that you know, most people would say, well, I 0:20:20.520 --> 0:20:22.520 that's something I think would be good because it may 0:20:22.560 --> 0:20:25.920 be a weird set of circumstances that brought this all about. 0:20:26.000 --> 0:20:28.639 And you don't want to necessarily use lethal force or 0:20:28.760 --> 0:20:31.520 hurt the person you but you definitely want to stop 0:20:31.560 --> 0:20:34.560 them from being able to hurt someone else. I mean 0:20:34.600 --> 0:20:37.240 that part I agree with. Yeah, these are these are 0:20:37.480 --> 0:20:41.560 real problems that we face and know. There are other 0:20:41.560 --> 0:20:46.560 ones too that are you know, different levels of they 0:20:46.600 --> 0:20:50.560 give me different levels of squak. Uh. They're riot shields 0:20:50.600 --> 0:20:55.280 that have capacitive strips on them that can administer a shock. 0:20:56.040 --> 0:20:59.520 Uh so for riot control that would be used. There 0:20:59.560 --> 0:21:02.000 are other one that there's one type of right shield 0:21:02.080 --> 0:21:04.399 it's called let's see, I think I actually have written 0:21:04.440 --> 0:21:08.400 down what it was called. Um, it's sell extraction shields. 0:21:08.520 --> 0:21:11.560 Or capture shields. So imagine a riot shield, but the 0:21:11.600 --> 0:21:14.200 curve is in the opposite direction of what it normally is, 0:21:14.240 --> 0:21:17.800 So instead of being convex, it's concave, so meaning that 0:21:17.880 --> 0:21:20.359 since it's concave, you could use it to corral someone 0:21:20.920 --> 0:21:24.520 using the capacity of bands on it. And so these 0:21:24.560 --> 0:21:27.440 are things that are are troubling not at the same time, 0:21:27.480 --> 0:21:29.560 it's also troubling to think of people who have to 0:21:29.600 --> 0:21:35.119 deal with uh, truly violent offenders and how do you 0:21:35.280 --> 0:21:37.720 do that in a way that keeps the person who 0:21:37.840 --> 0:21:40.840 has to you know, deal with this person safe? Like, 0:21:40.880 --> 0:21:42.800 how do you do that in a way where the 0:21:42.960 --> 0:21:47.439 guards not put in physical danger uh, while still being 0:21:47.480 --> 0:21:50.480 as humane as possible in the dealing of of prisoners. 0:21:50.480 --> 0:21:53.520 This is tough stuff. I mean, obviously this is not 0:21:53.600 --> 0:21:56.240 an easy thing to talk about. UM. And then there 0:21:56.280 --> 0:21:58.400 was one other sun technology I wanted to talk about 0:21:58.400 --> 0:22:01.639