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Speaker 1: Guess what, Mango? What's that? Will? All right? So I've

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Speaker 1: been looking at octopus facts all week, and I hope

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Speaker 1: you have too, because that's the episode we're recording right now.

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Speaker 1: But did you know that they love puzzles like they

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Speaker 1: actually kind of need them. I mean, it's not surprising

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Speaker 1: that they're smart. They're basically a giant heads with too

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Speaker 1: many legs. So I was reading about Louis the octopus.

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Speaker 1: He's a giant Pacific octopus who lives at an aquarium

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Speaker 1: in Cornwall, England. So he's this beautiful six ft wide

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Speaker 1: creature and he insists on cuddling with his Mr. Potato

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Speaker 1: Head toy, which sounds cute. It is, but Louis gets

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Speaker 1: really aggressive if you try to take it away from him,

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Speaker 1: so don't try to do that. I mean, Luis needs

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Speaker 1: to learn to share. So is he just rearranging the toy? Well,

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Speaker 1: he does fiddle with the parts and and supposedly the

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Speaker 1: bright colors are also stimulating. But the most appealing thing

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Speaker 1: for him is that the scientists fill the tiny toy

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Speaker 1: with crab meat or smelt. They just stuff it through

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Speaker 1: the arm and the headholes and it's a bit of

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Speaker 1: a puzzle. I mean, it's fun for Louis and other

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Speaker 1: octopus to figure out how to get those treats. But

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Speaker 1: reading about Louis made me wonder how smart are squid

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Speaker 1: and octopus? What are the major differences between them? And

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Speaker 1: how exactly do you stuff a smelt into a potato head?

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Speaker 1: And that's exactly what today's show is all about. It's

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Speaker 1: alp in to part time Genius. I'm Will Pearson and

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Speaker 1: as always I'm joined by my good friend Manuesh I

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Speaker 1: ticket off and sitting behind the soundproof glass wearing his

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Speaker 1: Octopus Give the Best Hugs t shirt is our friend

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Speaker 1: and producer Tristan McNeil. He'd been staring at that thing

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Speaker 1: on eBay for weeks. Tobago, Today's show is a little

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Speaker 1: all over the place. I know, we wanted to chat

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Speaker 1: about squid and octopus. Yeah, that's right, but since we're

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Speaker 1: covering the sea, I thought would be fun to slip

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Speaker 1: in a quick chat with one of our favorite authors,

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Speaker 1: Julie Burwald. She wrote this lovely new book called Spineless.

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Speaker 1: It's all about jellyfish and and though octopus and squid

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Speaker 1: and jellyfish aren't exactly the same thing, it did feel

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Speaker 1: like a delicious seafood salad of an episode. But you

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Speaker 1: don't even eat octopus, maga. I know, you know, I

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Speaker 1: actually used to eat it, But then we did this

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Speaker 1: article on octopus and metal flass and they just seemed

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Speaker 1: too smart. And also it compared the creatures two kittens. Actually,

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Speaker 1: I pulled up this quote because I thought it was

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Speaker 1: so funny. Here to the chagrin of some scientists, these

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Speaker 1: cephalopods can run. As a pre vet student, Alexa Warburton

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Speaker 1: had the tricky task of scooping octopuses out of their tanks.

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Speaker 1: The stubborn animals would hide or squeeze into the tanks

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Speaker 1: cracks to avoid being removed. As a last ditch effort,

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Speaker 1: some octopuses would trampoline off the net, leap to the floor,

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Speaker 1: and take off zig zagging around the lab. It's like quote,

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Speaker 1: chasing a cat, Warburton told a Ryan Magazine. Yeah, I mean,

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Speaker 1: I feel like hurting octopus is the new herding cats.

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Speaker 1: But that there was a been in the story where

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Speaker 1: this octopus actually escaped into a scientists library, and when

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Speaker 1: the scientist walked in, he saw the octopus going through

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Speaker 1: each of his books, just turning the page away. Is

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Speaker 1: that actually true? Yeah, we fact checked it. I mean,

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Speaker 1: there's certainly escape artists, and they're kind of destructive. To

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Speaker 1: Scientific American reporter that two workers at the Santa Monica

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Speaker 1: Pier Aquarium walked in to find two gallons of seawater

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Speaker 1: soaking the floor of their new space. They try to

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Speaker 1: figure out what had happened, and they realized these two

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Speaker 1: octopus had quote disassembled a water recycling valve and redirected

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Speaker 1: the two to spew water out of the tank for

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Speaker 1: about ten hours. There must have been so much water

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Speaker 1: it ridiculous. But I mean that seems more playful than

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Speaker 1: means spirited, right, And obviously we know that octopus is

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Speaker 1: play not just from your Lewis and Mr Potato Head example,

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Speaker 1: but also because octopuses have been observed in boring situations

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Speaker 1: amusing themselves. So there was this one story I read

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Speaker 1: where this octopus and a tank was given like an

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Speaker 1: empty floating pill bottle, I think, and after enough time

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Speaker 1: it started flicking it into a jet of water in

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Speaker 1: the aquarium and waiting for it to come back, then

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Speaker 1: doing it again and again in the scientists claimed it

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Speaker 1: was like watching a kid throw a ball against the wall,

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Speaker 1: but it did make me wonder how smarter octopus? And

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Speaker 1: so what did you find out? That octopus aren't really

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Speaker 1: very cooperative subjects? I mean, obviously they've got all these

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Speaker 1: skills right there, super strong, they can hide. Sometimes they

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Speaker 1: mimic other forms, and and you're talking specifically about the

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Speaker 1: mimic octopus. That's one of the types of octopus. Right. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they're masters of disguise and changing their shapes, but they're

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Speaker 1: also good at going through mazes and solving little puzzles.

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Speaker 1: But all of that makes them really difficult to study.

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Speaker 1: So this is from a report I saw in the Guardian.

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Speaker 1: Apparently this paper tried to teach three octopus to pull

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Speaker 1: a lever for food. And we've seen this with you know,

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Speaker 1: monkeys and rats and other creatures. And first of all,

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Speaker 1: the octopus in the study have the best, most dignified names.

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Speaker 1: What's that They were called Albert, Bertram, and Charles. That's

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Speaker 1: what I would have named my octopus. That that is dignified.

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Speaker 1: So Albert and Bertram are really good subjects. They pulled

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Speaker 1: the levers in a quote reasonably consistent manner. According to

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Speaker 1: the study. It Charles, it turns out, is a total terror.

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Speaker 1: He tries to pull a light that's suspended above the

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Speaker 1: water into the tank. He squirts water at anyone who

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Speaker 1: gets close. He's basically taunting the scientists, and then he

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Speaker 1: ends the experiment by breaking off the levers so they

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Speaker 1: couldn't run the experiment anymore. I mean, Charles is totally gangster.

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Speaker 1: I mean, I have to admit I kind of like

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Speaker 1: Charles amusing to watch him. I feel like maybe there's

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Speaker 1: a whole episode to be done on octopus is behaving badly.

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Speaker 1: I mean they can undo latches and untied knots. I

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Speaker 1: even saw a story where scientists were complaining that octopus

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Speaker 1: would leave their lab tanks at night and then go

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Speaker 1: raid the neighboring tanks for food. There was one octopus

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Speaker 1: who was squirting water at the light switch to turn

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Speaker 1: it off, and then he short circuited the power. I mean,

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Speaker 1: these are these horror stories that come out, and clearly

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Speaker 1: they're kind of smart. But I wonder if we think

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Speaker 1: octopuses are especially smart because they look like, I don't know,

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Speaker 1: like aliens really, I mean they are alien like. I

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Speaker 1: don't think we'd be doing this episode if they weren't,

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Speaker 1: and their entire class of mollus is called sephalopods, which

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Speaker 1: means head foot. They're all a bunch of head feet.

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Speaker 1: And to be clear, that category isn't just octopus and

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Speaker 1: includes squid and cuttle fish and nautilus is But there's

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Speaker 1: a big debate about whether they're really that smart. The

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Speaker 1: octopus have about a half billion neurons, and that's particularly

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Speaker 1: amazing for a creature without a backbone. But you know,

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Speaker 1: in reality, it puts them in the range of dogs.

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Speaker 1: So even though they might play with a Rubik's cube,

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Speaker 1: but it's not like they're consistently solving them or anything,

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Speaker 1: at least I haven't seen one. There's this old Burden

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Speaker 1: Ernie sketch from Sesame Street where Ernie walks in on

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Speaker 1: Burt and he says, that's amazing, Butt, you're playing checkers

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Speaker 1: with your pigeon, and Bert kind of whispers something like, Ernie,

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Speaker 1: it's not that impressive. Of the seven times we've played,

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Speaker 1: he's only one twice. I think one thing I read

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Speaker 1: that really convinced me of their intelligence was that when

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Speaker 1: they're faced with the problem, they actually changed strategies. How

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Speaker 1: do you mean so scientific? American pointed this out, but

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Speaker 1: Apparently octopuses are a little lazy, Like, they're obviously quite strong,

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Speaker 1: and if they're given muscles or clams, they'll go for

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Speaker 1: the muscles just because the meat is easier to get

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Speaker 1: to and the shells take less effort. But if the

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Speaker 1: clams are served on a half shell, you know, if

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Speaker 1: they're at a cocktail party or something, they'll go for

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Speaker 1: the tastier meteor options. But here's what's interesting. Right when

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Speaker 1: scientists passed the long muscles, but whyed a few of

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Speaker 1: the shells shut? The octopus tried to open it using

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Speaker 1: one method They can use their arms, but then they

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Speaker 1: also have this beak that they can use to chip

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Speaker 1: away at the shell. And then when that took too long,

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Speaker 1: they drilled a little hole in and injected a poison

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Speaker 1: to weaken the creature's defenses. Like all octopus and cuttlefish

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Speaker 1: have a poison reserve. But the octopus would use one

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Speaker 1: method and if that proved futile, they switched to a

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Speaker 1: different one. And the author's point was most creatures, when

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Speaker 1: they fail, they just keep trying to do the same

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Speaker 1: thing over and over rather than adjust their approach. That

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Speaker 1: is pretty cool, and I know we're going to get

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Speaker 1: into the giant squid and cracking and how octopus and

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Speaker 1: squid are different. But before we do, let's chat a

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Speaker 1: little bit more about the octopus. So what's one of

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Speaker 1: the more surprising things you learned about them and doing

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Speaker 1: your research this week. Uh, that they're not good swimmers,

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Speaker 1: I think was interesting to me, and the reasons even weirder.

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Speaker 1: It's all because they have three hearts, So they're not

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Speaker 1: good swimmers because they have Yeah. Actually that was surprising

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Speaker 1: to me too. I mean I read in smith sony

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Speaker 1: and that two of the hearts worked to move blood

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Speaker 1: beyond their gills. And obviously there's so many parts of

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Speaker 1: the octopus I didn't realize beaks and gills and ragul

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Speaker 1: which is kind of like a tiny drill for a tongue. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and their penis is on one of their arms, which

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Speaker 1: I also never realized. I mean, I guess that's a

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Speaker 1: little weird too. You know that while some octopus mount

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Speaker 1: their partners, others will just stick their penis arm into

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Speaker 1: a cave where a female octopus is hiding, and so

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Speaker 1: they made in what's called the distance position. That's so ridiculous.

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Speaker 1: But we were talking about the three hearts. All right,

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Speaker 1: So the two hearts move blood beyond the gills, and

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Speaker 1: then the third heart is exclusively for pumping blood to organs.

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Speaker 1: But when they're swimming, they actually turned that heart off.

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Speaker 1: It stops beating entirely. So they get completely exhausted when

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Speaker 1: they move that way, and they mostly choose a walk

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Speaker 1: or crawl instead. But I like the idea that octopuses

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Speaker 1: actually enjoy long walks on the beach. But there's clearly

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Speaker 1: a ton more to say about these bizarre and wonderful creatures.

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Speaker 1: But I also want to get Julie on the phone

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Speaker 1: to talk about jellyfish. So how about we take a

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Speaker 1: little break for that and then we dive back in.

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Speaker 1: All right, let's do it, Mango. We've got a special

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Speaker 1: guest on the line with us today. She's the author

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Speaker 1: of a fascinating new book called Spineless, The Science of

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Speaker 1: Jellyfish and the Art of Growing a Backbone. Julie Berwald.

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Speaker 1: Welcome to part time Genius. Thank you so much for

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Speaker 1: having me so, Julie. Jellyfish are obviously these simple and

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Speaker 1: beautiful but also reviled creatures, and they cause problems for

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Speaker 1: swimmers and factories. I'm kind of curious why did you

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Speaker 1: choose to study the jellyfish. Yeah, I mean it's true,

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Speaker 1: and and there's something about what you just said that

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Speaker 1: made them really fascinating to me, because, um, you know,

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Speaker 1: you couldn't put polar bears in this like box of like, oh,

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Speaker 1: they're so you know, impress sieve and and beautiful and

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Speaker 1: big and they they are this charismatic creature and but

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Speaker 1: jellys have more subtlety to them. You know, they're undeniably beautiful,

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Speaker 1: and yet you're right, like they can be lethal and

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Speaker 1: they can be as you know, a symbol of ecosystem demise.

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Speaker 1: And there was something about that, the fact that they

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Speaker 1: kind of walked it back and forth across these lines

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Speaker 1: in our minds that I found super fascinating. And they're

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Speaker 1: just such strange creatures too. I know you've written that

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Speaker 1: they can see light without eyes. Do you do you

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Speaker 1: mind just taking a minute for our listeners and describe

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Speaker 1: a little bit of their biology and and and what

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Speaker 1: some of the more curious things about their bodies that

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Speaker 1: you've found. Um, yeah, so you know, they are super simple.

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Speaker 1: They have just like we have three cell layers that

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Speaker 1: we have an end their deerm and exoderm, which is

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Speaker 1: like our skin, our outside skin, and then in between

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Speaker 1: we have this musoderm that holds all our organs and everything,

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Speaker 1: and jelly fish just don't have that. They have jelly inside.

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Speaker 1: It's truly it's called mesoglia, and it's a cellular and

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Speaker 1: so um they have this really cool ability that they

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Speaker 1: they're like big. They're like a balloon, right, So they

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Speaker 1: have skin on the outside, skin on the inside, and

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Speaker 1: then something that they don't have to support metabolically on

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Speaker 1: the inside. So they get away with being big at

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Speaker 1: very low metabolic cost. And that's part of what makes

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Speaker 1: them so successful. And that's why I called the book Spineless,

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Speaker 1: because they're very spinelessness is actually contributing to their um

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Speaker 1: increase in abundances in many places in our oceans. I

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Speaker 1: went to go visit these um scientists in Woodhole who

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Speaker 1: work at the Marine Biological Laboratory there, and they were

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Speaker 1: the Navy had given them money to build robotic jellyfish,

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Speaker 1: and they weren't entirely certain what the Navy wanted to

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Speaker 1: do with these robotic jelly miss that they were pretty

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Speaker 1: excited about the opportunity, and so they created this jellyfish

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Speaker 1: out of silicone and sort of like fake muscles called actuators.

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Speaker 1: And when they turned it on um it squeezed and

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Speaker 1: it squeezed shut, and that causes a jet of water

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Speaker 1: to come out behind it, which pushes on the water

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Speaker 1: and it moves the jellyfish forward. But then when it

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Speaker 1: opened back up, it went right back to its starting

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Speaker 1: place like a yo yo. And they were like, oh,

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Speaker 1: what's going on, And so they this graduate student was like, well,

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Speaker 1: you know that peplum around the edge of the jellyfish,

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Speaker 1: that part that's kind of beautiful that just flops around.

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Speaker 1: The graduate student was like, I didn't have time to

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Speaker 1: glue that little flap on the robot. So they pulled

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Speaker 1: it out of the water and they glued it on.

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Speaker 1: They put it back in the water, and they turned

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Speaker 1: it on and it's it's They turned it on and

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Speaker 1: it squeezed and it jetted forward, and then when it

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Speaker 1: opened up, it actually continued going forward. And then it

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Speaker 1: squeezed again and it went forward farther, and then it

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Speaker 1: opened and it continued going forward. And it turns out

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Speaker 1: that that little flexible flap is is what drives part

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Speaker 1: of what drives the jellyfish forward. In the water. It

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Speaker 1: gives it the push backwards. But then they figured out, um,

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Speaker 1: it doesn't only give it a push backwards, it actually

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Speaker 1: creates a low pressure zone in front of the jellyfish.

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Speaker 1: Like the bending kind of creates the suction in front

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Speaker 1: of the jellyfish, and that suction pulls the animal forward

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Speaker 1: through the water. And then they started looking at all

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Speaker 1: these other animals and if you think about it, everything

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Speaker 1: in the ocean or in water, then when it moves

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Speaker 1: like nothing solid, like the way we build both they

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Speaker 1: all bend. And the reason for that bending is because

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Speaker 1: it creates this low pressure in front of the animal

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Speaker 1: that pulls it through the water. So we've thought about,

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Speaker 1: um swimming completely backwards. It turns out that um, the

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Speaker 1: forces you know in front of the jelly fish pulling

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Speaker 1: it are stronger than the forces behind the jellyfish pushing it.

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Speaker 1: And because we're terrestrial and all we can do is

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Speaker 1: push backwards in order to go forwards, we just completely

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Speaker 1: misunderstood swimming for our whole all of subtle antion really

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Speaker 1: and then, um, yeah, it's a really cool story. All right. Well,

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Speaker 1: speaking of travel, I know you traveled all the way

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Speaker 1: to Japan to see the giant jellyfish there, So so

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Speaker 1: what makes it so extraordinary and why did you make

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Speaker 1: the trip there to see it? Yeah, this jelly fish

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Speaker 1: is really really interesting. Um it grows to being five pound,

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Speaker 1: which is like the size of a refrigerator. Yeah, it's massive,

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Speaker 1: massive jelly fish, you know. And throughout the twentieth century,

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Speaker 1: this jellyfish was seen in just off the coast of Japan,

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Speaker 1: but only about every thirty years. So because the kind

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Speaker 1: of thing where like a fisherman would tell his son like,

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Speaker 1: well that you're the giant jellyfish showed up, you know,

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Speaker 1: look out for them, and then thirty years later the

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Speaker 1: sun would be like, oh, yeah, this is what my

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Speaker 1: dad told me about. And then in the twenty one

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Speaker 1: century they started appearing every year, and not just every year,

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Speaker 1: but like in enormous numbers, where the entire cy would

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Speaker 1: be just these huge and they're sort of maroon, these

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Speaker 1: maroon giant blobs of jellyfish for as far as the

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Speaker 1: eye could see. And there's pictures of fishing boats with

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Speaker 1: their nets just the sea of maroon jelly. One fishing

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Speaker 1: vessel collected so many of these giant jellyfish that it

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Speaker 1: actually the weight of them in their nets, flips the

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Speaker 1: boat over and threw the crew into the sea. And

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Speaker 1: I just want to ask very quickly. You know, for

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Speaker 1: years people have been saying that jellyfish are gonna be

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Speaker 1: winners in this world of climate change. But why is

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Speaker 1: it important that we have a balanced population of jellyfish?

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Speaker 1: The questions look really complex, and I think that we

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Speaker 1: have a tendency to look at the ocean is like

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Speaker 1: this one big place, and in fact, you know, the

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Speaker 1: ocean is a really uh diverse, dynamic place that has

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Speaker 1: lots of different ecosystems, lots of latitudes and longitudes, different temperatures,

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Speaker 1: different salinities and so and different kinds of pressures that

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Speaker 1: we're putting on the ocean. So in some places is

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Speaker 1: already jellyfish are dominating the ecosystem. And those are the

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Speaker 1: places that we should look to to say, like do

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Speaker 1: we want our oceans in other places to become like that?

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Speaker 1: And Um, a good example is off the coast in

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Speaker 1: Namibia where they really really over fished the ocean. Um,

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Speaker 1: there was not good controls on what was happening. In fact,

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Speaker 1: Numidia was under the offices of South Africa for a

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Speaker 1: long time and South Africa didn't monitor what was happening

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Speaker 1: in Nimidia, and these big commercial ships came in from

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Speaker 1: other countries and just fished it like crazy and opened

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Speaker 1: up ecological niches for jellyfish. And it used to be

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Speaker 1: one of the richest fisheries in the world, where like

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Speaker 1: a million tons of fish every year could be fished easily,

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Speaker 1: and then the jellyfish we're able to get a foothold,

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Speaker 1: and now the biomass is like two to three times

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Speaker 1: more jellyfish than fish there, and the seals and birds

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Speaker 1: there's reports of them starving because there's just not enough

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Speaker 1: fish for them to eat anymore. So the reason why

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Speaker 1: we want to pay attention to this is because we

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Speaker 1: could end up with ecosystems where birds and fields are starving,

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Speaker 1: and I don't think anyone wants that kind of situation.

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Speaker 1: Big bloom fish jellyfish can also sweep into fish farm

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Speaker 1: and about a month ago a huge bloom swept into

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Speaker 1: a fish farm in Scotland and killed like a quarter

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Speaker 1: or a a million famine overnight. So the yeah, the numbers,

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Speaker 1: you know, start to add up of the devastation that

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Speaker 1: jellyfish can cause. Not to mention the sting, the stings

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Speaker 1: that you know heard us very personally and individually in

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Speaker 1: the water and emotionally and and all of that. And

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Speaker 1: our our friend John would have very much appreciated you

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Speaker 1: having been there to educate him before he jumped in

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Speaker 1: the water. Do you remember this mango when we were

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Speaker 1: on a trip and the and the keys and he

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Speaker 1: we were out in a boat and he looks out

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Speaker 1: and he says, I don't think those are the kind

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Speaker 1: of jellyfish that staying. And there was a large school

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Speaker 1: of them, I guess, and he jumped in the water.

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Speaker 1: He says, these are the kind of thing, the kind

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Speaker 1: of thing. So it did not it did not go well.

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Speaker 1: So mainly this episode is to try to get him

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Speaker 1: to learn a little bit more and not make the

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Speaker 1: same mistake. So if you get stung by a jellyfish,

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Speaker 1: the thing you ushould do is hot water and vinegar. Julie,

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Speaker 1: this is such a wonderful read. The book is called Spineless,

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Speaker 1: The Science of Jellyfish in the Art of Growing Up Backbone. Julie,

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Speaker 1: thanks so much for joining us on Part Time Genius.

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Speaker 1: Welcome back to Part Time Genius. We're talking squid, octopus

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Speaker 1: and jellyfish. So we've been chatting octopuses for a while

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Speaker 1: and we need to move on to squid. But before

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Speaker 1: we do, why don't we reel off some of our

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Speaker 1: favorite octopus Definitely? What are some of the weirder ones

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Speaker 1: you want to talk about? Well, I love Louis. You

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Speaker 1: know the cantankerous giant pacific octopus we were talking about

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Speaker 1: also from that article. He was only ex feet but

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Speaker 1: they can actually grow to be about sixteen ft and

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Speaker 1: way up to six hundred pounds. Wow. Each arm has

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Speaker 1: about two hundred and eighty suckers and they lay up

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Speaker 1: to ninety thousand eggs at a time. Nine eggs, I know,

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Speaker 1: that's a lot of omelets. Well, one octopus I like,

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Speaker 1: on the other end of the spectrum is this thing

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Speaker 1: called the octopus wolfe, which is the world's smallest octopus.

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Speaker 1: It's like an inch long and ways less than a graham. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I guess kind of like kind of like a pocket

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Speaker 1: octopus exactly, and it's perfect for travel. But that doesn't

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Speaker 1: mean they're not wildy. So, according to a Newsweek article,

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Speaker 1: a two thousand four study gave them a six out

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Speaker 1: of ten on likelihood of escaping a tank. All right, Well,

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Speaker 1: speaking of tiny octopus, this one's totally weird. It's called

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Speaker 1: the blanket octopus. And while the females are a tall

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Speaker 1: and leggy six ft long, the males are only about

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Speaker 1: an inch tall. How crazy is that? How's that possible?

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Speaker 1: I have no idea. But their mating technique is equally weird.

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Speaker 1: So here's how Newsweek described it. To breathe, the male

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Speaker 1: sticks his specialized mating arm inside the female and breaks

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Speaker 1: it off. He then swims away with only seven legs

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Speaker 1: and dies shortly after octopus romance. But the creatures are

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Speaker 1: even more interesting than that. Actually, well, the female blanket

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Speaker 1: octopus is is more of a swimmer, so instead of

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Speaker 1: hiding in caves, will actually swim in the open water, which,

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Speaker 1: as we've talked about, it is pretty unusual for an octopus.

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Speaker 1: And it fans out like a giant blanket whenever it

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Speaker 1: senses a threat. But it's the tiny male that's the

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Speaker 1: real character. So blanket octopuses are immune to man of

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Speaker 1: wars things, so when something is attacking a blanket male,

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Speaker 1: it'll just break off a poisonous tentacle of a Portuguese

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Speaker 1: man of war and then whip it around like crazy,

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Speaker 1: you know, the swashbuckle against its enemies. It's I mean,

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Speaker 1: they're pretty feisty. Actually, well, I do want to come

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Speaker 1: back to octopuses food and this whole etiquette of throwing

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Speaker 1: them at red wings games, because there's some strict rules there.

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Speaker 1: But let's get in the squid. So what are some

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Speaker 1: of the characteristics of squid. So here, the basic squids

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Speaker 1: are really good hunters. First of all, I mean, much

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Speaker 1: like octopus, they've got beaks and radula, so they have

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Speaker 1: ten arms in total. They actually have eight short arms

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Speaker 1: around the mouth and then these two long tentacles with suckers,

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Speaker 1: which are really helpful when they're hunting. Now, unlike octopus,

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Speaker 1: squids swim in the open ocean, and they're amazing swimmers.

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Speaker 1: In fact, they've been called the fighter jets of the

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Speaker 1: cephalopod because they use this water propulsion system to shoot

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Speaker 1: backwards at these tremendous speeds. Yeah, I've seen that some

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Speaker 1: consuming speeds of like twenty five miles per hour, which

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Speaker 1: is stunning because that's almost shark speeds. And I was

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Speaker 1: actually reading about Japanese flying squid. Have you heard of them?

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Speaker 1: I didn't realize the flying squid word thing. I don't know.

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Speaker 1: I missed that. Yeah, so they get confused for flying

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Speaker 1: fish sometimes, although flying fish can move that way for

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Speaker 1: great lens. Well, you know, these squid can only jump

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Speaker 1: out of the water for twenty stretches then they kind

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Speaker 1: of tire out. It seems more like a cool party

417
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Speaker 1: trick than anything that's wise in terms of evolution. So

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Speaker 1: why do you say that, Well, they accidentally jump onto

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Speaker 1: fishing boats all the time, and birds like the red

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Speaker 1: footed booby will just pluck them out of the air

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Speaker 1: for meals. You know, it's kind of a weird question.

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Speaker 1: But how do they see when they're flying backwards? Is

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Speaker 1: that why they end up on the boats because they

424
00:22:12,880 --> 00:22:14,800
Speaker 1: can't see where they're going or what? I think it's

425
00:22:14,840 --> 00:22:17,520
Speaker 1: more that they can't exactly like switch directions while they're

426
00:22:17,560 --> 00:22:20,600
Speaker 1: in the air. But from what I read, their eyes, tentacles,

427
00:22:20,600 --> 00:22:23,080
Speaker 1: and beak are all at the back, and as they're flying,

428
00:22:23,119 --> 00:22:25,440
Speaker 1: they have a pretty good view and they'll actually pull

429
00:22:25,480 --> 00:22:27,800
Speaker 1: their fins and adjust their tentacles to make a smoother

430
00:22:27,880 --> 00:22:30,359
Speaker 1: dive back into the water. There's still a lot of

431
00:22:30,359 --> 00:22:32,400
Speaker 1: study that has to be done on them, and that's

432
00:22:32,400 --> 00:22:34,400
Speaker 1: actually something that seems to come up a lot, Like

433
00:22:34,800 --> 00:22:37,040
Speaker 1: I read that one of the ways people catch octopus

434
00:22:37,080 --> 00:22:38,960
Speaker 1: is that they just place a little basket next to

435
00:22:39,000 --> 00:22:41,919
Speaker 1: an octopus cave or dwelling, and then octopus might just

436
00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:44,600
Speaker 1: snuggle into the basket and then fishermen can pull that up.

437
00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:48,120
Speaker 1: But catching enormous squid isn't that easy. And clearly there's

438
00:22:48,119 --> 00:22:51,640
Speaker 1: a fascination with the giant squid, which has been pretty elusive. Yeah,

439
00:22:51,680 --> 00:22:54,120
Speaker 1: it's funny to think about how that misunderstanding about giant

440
00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:56,760
Speaker 1: squid and just not being able to observe their behavior.

441
00:22:57,240 --> 00:22:59,360
Speaker 1: It's kind of made them these monsters of the sea.

442
00:22:59,359 --> 00:23:01,800
Speaker 1: I mean, you see their written about in literature and

443
00:23:01,880 --> 00:23:04,159
Speaker 1: Jules Verne's twenty thou Leagues under the Sea. You know,

444
00:23:04,160 --> 00:23:07,200
Speaker 1: it's this monstrous squid with a taste for human flesh

445
00:23:07,240 --> 00:23:10,600
Speaker 1: and attacks the submarine and everything. And he Actually I

446
00:23:10,640 --> 00:23:13,119
Speaker 1: was reading this article about the cracking and wired it

447
00:23:13,160 --> 00:23:16,439
Speaker 1: was called fantastically wrong and I didn't realize this, but

448
00:23:16,520 --> 00:23:20,119
Speaker 1: early Europeans assumed that all creatures on Earth had a

449
00:23:20,200 --> 00:23:23,399
Speaker 1: counterpart in the sea. So there were these strange beasts

450
00:23:23,400 --> 00:23:26,639
Speaker 1: like sea rhinos and even things like see bishops. You know,

451
00:23:26,680 --> 00:23:29,760
Speaker 1: the seafaring counterparts to the human land bishops. But the

452
00:23:29,800 --> 00:23:32,720
Speaker 1: descriptions of the crack and it's just crazy. So this

453
00:23:32,760 --> 00:23:37,040
Speaker 1: is from seventeen seventy five when an historian named Eric Pontpain.

454
00:23:37,520 --> 00:23:40,760
Speaker 1: He wrote in the Natural History of Norway, the beast

455
00:23:40,880 --> 00:23:43,919
Speaker 1: is round, flat and full of arms, the largest and

456
00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:47,600
Speaker 1: most surprising of all animal creations. He then claimed to

457
00:23:47,640 --> 00:23:50,000
Speaker 1: have talked to a number of different fishermen and all

458
00:23:50,040 --> 00:23:52,639
Speaker 1: of them gave the exact same description, including that the

459
00:23:52,680 --> 00:23:56,240
Speaker 1: squid's back is a mile and a half in circumference,

460
00:23:56,800 --> 00:24:00,040
Speaker 1: the various tentacles could be mistaken for islands. And the

461
00:24:00,160 --> 00:24:02,720
Speaker 1: funny thing is that there's this second mythical sea creatures

462
00:24:02,720 --> 00:24:05,680
Speaker 1: that gets described, and it says, um, the island whale

463
00:24:05,720 --> 00:24:09,720
Speaker 1: that's so big, sailors mistake it for land, And when

464
00:24:09,760 --> 00:24:12,360
Speaker 1: the sailors set shore and build fire on it, that's

465
00:24:12,400 --> 00:24:15,119
Speaker 1: when the beast awakens and drags them to their doom.

466
00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:17,800
Speaker 1: So most people assume that the crack and descriptions are

467
00:24:17,840 --> 00:24:21,600
Speaker 1: exaggerations of the giant squid that some fishermen must have seen,

468
00:24:22,080 --> 00:24:24,920
Speaker 1: which can be at least forty three ft long, which

469
00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:28,760
Speaker 1: is huge. Those the article reveals both the colossal squid

470
00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:32,320
Speaker 1: and the giant squid are you know, very lackadaisical and

471
00:24:32,359 --> 00:24:35,000
Speaker 1: by one estimate, use up to six hundred times less

472
00:24:35,080 --> 00:24:39,160
Speaker 1: energy than similarly sized predators. So supposedly they just hang

473
00:24:39,200 --> 00:24:42,600
Speaker 1: out waiting for prey instead of actively chasing anything. And

474
00:24:42,640 --> 00:24:45,640
Speaker 1: what's the difference between the colossal and giant squid. Well,

475
00:24:45,680 --> 00:24:48,640
Speaker 1: it's likely that the giant squid is longer than the colossal,

476
00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:52,479
Speaker 1: but the colossal is probably heavier and has bigger eyes.

477
00:24:53,040 --> 00:24:55,720
Speaker 1: And so giant squids also have teeth on their tentacles,

478
00:24:55,720 --> 00:24:59,119
Speaker 1: which of course is terrifying to think about, while colossal

479
00:24:59,160 --> 00:25:02,160
Speaker 1: squids have show art pokes that swivel on their tentacles.

480
00:25:02,160 --> 00:25:04,159
Speaker 1: So I mean, I guess it's just like a different

481
00:25:04,240 --> 00:25:07,200
Speaker 1: sort of terrifying. Well, I'm glad they're kind of lazy,

482
00:25:07,240 --> 00:25:09,320
Speaker 1: but it's also a little disappointing, like you want them

483
00:25:09,359 --> 00:25:12,160
Speaker 1: to have more personality than that. So I did read

484
00:25:12,160 --> 00:25:15,159
Speaker 1: about squid and whale battles, which are amazing, all right,

485
00:25:15,200 --> 00:25:17,400
Speaker 1: So why why is that? So? I always wondered why

486
00:25:17,480 --> 00:25:21,200
Speaker 1: colossal squid have such big eyes. It basically comes down

487
00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:23,439
Speaker 1: to whales, So like squid have the biggest eyes on

488
00:25:23,440 --> 00:25:26,399
Speaker 1: the planet, measuring over eleven inches in diameter, which is

489
00:25:26,440 --> 00:25:28,879
Speaker 1: essentially the size of a dinner plate. But the reason

490
00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:31,480
Speaker 1: is that in murky and weak light in the ocean,

491
00:25:31,880 --> 00:25:34,240
Speaker 1: you need a big eye to pick up light. But

492
00:25:34,320 --> 00:25:36,760
Speaker 1: a biologist at Duke modeled the eye and realized that

493
00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:39,680
Speaker 1: a bigger eye isn't actually good at seeing all objects.

494
00:25:39,960 --> 00:25:42,600
Speaker 1: It's just a lot better at seeing really big objects

495
00:25:42,600 --> 00:25:46,040
Speaker 1: coming at you. And according to Scientific American, that means

496
00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:49,399
Speaker 1: the squid can spot whales at a dark depths or

497
00:25:49,480 --> 00:25:51,679
Speaker 1: more hopefully enough space that they can shoot out a

498
00:25:51,680 --> 00:25:54,920
Speaker 1: cloud of ink and flee. So what about the whales though,

499
00:25:55,320 --> 00:25:57,720
Speaker 1: So what's interesting is that they don't actually need great

500
00:25:57,720 --> 00:26:00,720
Speaker 1: eyesight because they're all using sonar. But the way the

501
00:26:00,720 --> 00:26:03,879
Speaker 1: whales catch the squid is amazing. So for smaller prey,

502
00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:07,399
Speaker 1: they'll actually use these ultrasound bursts. Like the whales emit

503
00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:10,360
Speaker 1: these noises and it knocks out prey and send schools

504
00:26:10,359 --> 00:26:13,440
Speaker 1: of fish swimming. But when the scientists, said woods Holds,

505
00:26:13,480 --> 00:26:16,359
Speaker 1: studied the creatures, they realized that squids don't react to

506
00:26:16,400 --> 00:26:19,280
Speaker 1: these sonic bursts at all, So instead the whales use

507
00:26:19,359 --> 00:26:22,920
Speaker 1: this incredible twisting motion to go after them. Basically they

508
00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:25,800
Speaker 1: like wriggle and twist their bodies as they attack, and

509
00:26:25,840 --> 00:26:29,240
Speaker 1: that creates this giant, crazy vacuum which pulls in the

510
00:26:29,280 --> 00:26:31,119
Speaker 1: squid so that they can just lurk them up from

511
00:26:31,119 --> 00:26:34,400
Speaker 1: a distance. And so does that always work? No? I mean,

512
00:26:34,480 --> 00:26:36,520
Speaker 1: sometimes the giant and colossal squid are big enough to

513
00:26:36,520 --> 00:26:39,360
Speaker 1: fight back, and as Life Science points out, you can

514
00:26:39,400 --> 00:26:42,280
Speaker 1: find sperm whales with suction scars on their skin, and

515
00:26:42,320 --> 00:26:44,600
Speaker 1: that's this obvious mark of a squid that got away.

516
00:26:45,119 --> 00:26:47,119
Speaker 1: All right, Well, before we get off the squid, I

517
00:26:47,119 --> 00:26:49,560
Speaker 1: feel like we should again mention a few of our favorites.

518
00:26:49,760 --> 00:26:51,800
Speaker 1: I think I like the it was called the cock

519
00:26:51,840 --> 00:26:54,159
Speaker 1: eyed squid, you know, just because he's so funny looking.

520
00:26:54,560 --> 00:26:57,320
Speaker 1: So their left eye is usually twice as big as

521
00:26:57,359 --> 00:26:59,959
Speaker 1: the right eye is just kind of comical looking, honestly,

522
00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:03,479
Speaker 1: so it actually bulges out of the squid's head. All right,

523
00:27:03,520 --> 00:27:06,439
Speaker 1: So what's yours? Oh that's great. So my favorite is

524
00:27:06,440 --> 00:27:09,480
Speaker 1: definitely the vampire tooth is in for analis, which is

525
00:27:09,560 --> 00:27:12,320
Speaker 1: essentially the vampire squid from Hell. That's how it translates.

526
00:27:12,359 --> 00:27:15,679
Speaker 1: But everything about it is wrong. So starting with the

527
00:27:15,720 --> 00:27:19,040
Speaker 1: fact that it's actually a big woos. When it senses danger,

528
00:27:19,080 --> 00:27:22,200
Speaker 1: it bites off one of its bioluminescent arms, which then

529
00:27:22,240 --> 00:27:25,160
Speaker 1: floats away, and that sends the predator in the wrong direction.

530
00:27:25,240 --> 00:27:27,520
Speaker 1: But it just has to keep gnawing off arms to

531
00:27:28,359 --> 00:27:31,479
Speaker 1: the data backers. And also, the vampire squid from Hell

532
00:27:31,560 --> 00:27:34,879
Speaker 1: is a misnomer because it's actually an octopus. The vampire

533
00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:36,760
Speaker 1: squid from Hell I think he went on that one.

534
00:27:36,760 --> 00:27:39,000
Speaker 1: That one's pretty good. All right. So there's a lot

535
00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:41,199
Speaker 1: we won't be able to get to today, but but

536
00:27:41,280 --> 00:27:42,840
Speaker 1: I know some of that will get say, for an

537
00:27:42,840 --> 00:27:46,080
Speaker 1: episode on technologies we're stealing from the Animal Kingdom. We've

538
00:27:46,080 --> 00:27:48,919
Speaker 1: talked about doing an episode like that. You know, specifically

539
00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:52,760
Speaker 1: how cuttle fish and squid both camouflage and communicate through

540
00:27:52,840 --> 00:27:56,440
Speaker 1: changing their skin colors. There's actually a super elaborate code

541
00:27:56,480 --> 00:27:59,000
Speaker 1: that some squid use. But I also know we want

542
00:27:59,040 --> 00:28:01,040
Speaker 1: to return to the octopus us for for a bit

543
00:28:01,080 --> 00:28:04,159
Speaker 1: before we move on, yeah, and talk about octopus cities

544
00:28:04,200 --> 00:28:06,639
Speaker 1: and red wings etiquette. But let's talk about after a

545
00:28:06,680 --> 00:28:22,640
Speaker 1: little break. Welcome back to part time Genius. So will

546
00:28:22,800 --> 00:28:25,400
Speaker 1: I know you got pretty excited about this octopus community

547
00:28:25,480 --> 00:28:27,440
Speaker 1: we're reading about. I want to give us a rundown

548
00:28:27,440 --> 00:28:30,159
Speaker 1: on why an octopus city is so exciting. Yeah, that's right.

549
00:28:30,200 --> 00:28:33,040
Speaker 1: Mainly because it's called Octlantis, which is such a great

550
00:28:33,080 --> 00:28:36,760
Speaker 1: pame and it's a big deal. Partially because the gloomy octopus,

551
00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:39,720
Speaker 1: you know, a k a. The Sydney octopus, is mostly

552
00:28:39,800 --> 00:28:42,920
Speaker 1: known for being a loner. But the reason this was exciting,

553
00:28:43,080 --> 00:28:45,360
Speaker 1: and we saw this in an article in Courts, was

554
00:28:45,400 --> 00:28:48,680
Speaker 1: that the creatures were filmed exhibiting complex social behaviors that

555
00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:52,360
Speaker 1: you wouldn't imagine from a solitary animal. It's funny because

556
00:28:52,360 --> 00:28:54,880
Speaker 1: in two thousand nine there was another of these colonies

557
00:28:54,880 --> 00:28:59,400
Speaker 1: found called Octopolus, very different than actlantis, and and scientists

558
00:28:59,440 --> 00:29:02,200
Speaker 1: assumed it is this total anomaly. So it's pretty cool.

559
00:29:02,320 --> 00:29:04,440
Speaker 1: I feel like they're going to run out of octopon names.

560
00:29:04,440 --> 00:29:08,000
Speaker 1: But what actually happens there, Well, the octopus interact and

561
00:29:08,040 --> 00:29:11,120
Speaker 1: they chase each other around, and at any time there

562
00:29:11,160 --> 00:29:14,440
Speaker 1: are two to fifteen octopus and it has to be

563
00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:17,400
Speaker 1: a pretty special situation, like you know, there has to

564
00:29:17,400 --> 00:29:19,800
Speaker 1: be a good stock of food coming through pretty regularly,

565
00:29:19,960 --> 00:29:23,120
Speaker 1: and not that many habitable places in the surrounding seabed.

566
00:29:23,160 --> 00:29:25,760
Speaker 1: That makes them want to be there, and you know,

567
00:29:25,760 --> 00:29:29,080
Speaker 1: but while the gloomy octopus are solitary, it seems like

568
00:29:29,080 --> 00:29:32,240
Speaker 1: communities like this could only exist if octopus had lived

569
00:29:32,280 --> 00:29:36,160
Speaker 1: and interacted with one another for generations. Well, I do

570
00:29:36,240 --> 00:29:38,560
Speaker 1: feel like Octopus Village should be like a Nickelodeon show

571
00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:41,520
Speaker 1: where totally one flucky octopus and a bunch of sarcastic

572
00:29:41,520 --> 00:29:44,320
Speaker 1: gloomy ones. But even though for most of the show

573
00:29:44,320 --> 00:29:46,440
Speaker 1: we've been talking about living octopus, I found a couple

574
00:29:46,400 --> 00:29:50,200
Speaker 1: of things that we're fascinating about dead ones and what's that. Well,

575
00:29:50,320 --> 00:29:52,240
Speaker 1: no one pulled the research for me on how Greeks

576
00:29:52,240 --> 00:29:55,560
Speaker 1: cook octopus, and it was kind of fascinating. So the

577
00:29:55,680 --> 00:29:58,480
Speaker 1: diver slice the nerve between the eyes that instantly kills

578
00:29:58,520 --> 00:30:01,880
Speaker 1: the beasts, and it's generally not a long protracted battle.

579
00:30:02,280 --> 00:30:05,280
Speaker 1: But unlike fish, which you'd grilled right away, the octopus

580
00:30:05,360 --> 00:30:08,200
Speaker 1: is mostly water, so you really have to dry it out.

581
00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:10,720
Speaker 1: Like they'll beat the carcass up to a hundred times

582
00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:12,800
Speaker 1: on a rock to ring out the water, and then

583
00:30:12,800 --> 00:30:15,000
Speaker 1: they put the octopus on a clothesline all day and

584
00:30:15,320 --> 00:30:17,680
Speaker 1: once it's dried then you can grill it or else

585
00:30:17,720 --> 00:30:20,480
Speaker 1: you just get something that's super mushy. But this Greek

586
00:30:20,520 --> 00:30:23,680
Speaker 1: grill master told NPR quote, in the old days, when

587
00:30:23,720 --> 00:30:26,720
Speaker 1: there weren't freezers, people here used to sun the octopus

588
00:30:26,760 --> 00:30:28,840
Speaker 1: for days until it was tiny and fit into a

589
00:30:28,840 --> 00:30:32,280
Speaker 1: little caraft, but expanded to its original size when cooked.

590
00:30:32,800 --> 00:30:35,440
Speaker 1: Isn't that crazy? It's so weird. Yeah, but it also

591
00:30:35,480 --> 00:30:38,680
Speaker 1: feels maybe a little bit morbid. So why don't we

592
00:30:38,680 --> 00:30:40,400
Speaker 1: skip to this Red Wings fact that you were you

593
00:30:40,440 --> 00:30:42,520
Speaker 1: were talking about before. Well, I'm not sure it's any

594
00:30:42,600 --> 00:30:45,880
Speaker 1: less morbid, but we both know about the Red Wings

595
00:30:45,880 --> 00:30:48,120
Speaker 1: and this legend of the octopus and how people started

596
00:30:48,120 --> 00:30:51,080
Speaker 1: lobbying dead creatures on the rink after games because the

597
00:30:51,200 --> 00:30:53,320
Speaker 1: Red Wings at one time needed eight games to sweep

598
00:30:53,360 --> 00:30:55,800
Speaker 1: the series, and it kind of became a thing. But

599
00:30:55,840 --> 00:30:58,600
Speaker 1: apparently there's an art to it, really, alright, So so

600
00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:00,960
Speaker 1: what's the art to throwing the to pus? Well, the

601
00:31:00,960 --> 00:31:03,040
Speaker 1: New York Times did this great piece on it, and

602
00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:05,480
Speaker 1: the trick to tossing a large octopus onto the rink

603
00:31:05,680 --> 00:31:07,920
Speaker 1: is to boil it with wine and lemon juice or

604
00:31:07,920 --> 00:31:11,160
Speaker 1: else it's gonna stink. Also, it has to be boiled

605
00:31:11,320 --> 00:31:14,840
Speaker 1: like a well boiled octopus can travel a hundred feet

606
00:31:15,120 --> 00:31:18,040
Speaker 1: and as they put it, bounce and rolls satisfactorily or

607
00:31:18,080 --> 00:31:20,840
Speaker 1: across the ice when it lands. It's amazing what they

608
00:31:20,880 --> 00:31:22,640
Speaker 1: go through just to make this happens. All right, So

609
00:31:22,680 --> 00:31:24,840
Speaker 1: what happens if it's a rare, like a medium rare

610
00:31:24,880 --> 00:31:28,800
Speaker 1: octopus instead of well boiled. Yeah, those just splatz, which

611
00:31:28,840 --> 00:31:32,000
Speaker 1: seems equally amusing. But the article goes into these mistakes

612
00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:34,280
Speaker 1: that rookies tend to make. So you have to grab

613
00:31:34,320 --> 00:31:36,560
Speaker 1: the octopus arms in the middle, and you've got to

614
00:31:36,640 --> 00:31:38,640
Speaker 1: keep the head back and toss it from the knees

615
00:31:38,680 --> 00:31:42,719
Speaker 1: and what they describe as this over exaggerated grenade toss.

616
00:31:43,640 --> 00:31:45,200
Speaker 1: According to the piece, if you try to throw it

617
00:31:45,240 --> 00:31:47,600
Speaker 1: like a baseball or by the tips of the tentacles,

618
00:31:47,640 --> 00:31:49,680
Speaker 1: octopus parts are going to end up on your neighbor.

619
00:31:50,640 --> 00:31:52,720
Speaker 1: But the absolutely best part of the article was how

620
00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:56,400
Speaker 1: people sneak the octopus in Because while it's this beloved tradition,

621
00:31:56,720 --> 00:31:59,800
Speaker 1: management doesn't love dealing with the octopus. So people have

622
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:03,320
Speaker 1: all these smuggling tricks, like one guy he'll wrap it

623
00:32:03,360 --> 00:32:06,080
Speaker 1: in a zip lock and wear them like a pot belly,

624
00:32:06,760 --> 00:32:09,200
Speaker 1: and others try to sneak them under really tall hats,

625
00:32:09,600 --> 00:32:12,120
Speaker 1: which just feels kind of crazy because, according to the Times,

626
00:32:12,160 --> 00:32:15,360
Speaker 1: the biggest octopus to land on the rink was thirty pounds. Wow,

627
00:32:15,360 --> 00:32:18,600
Speaker 1: it's an impressive pop. And you know, while it isn't

628
00:32:18,600 --> 00:32:20,800
Speaker 1: good for the octopus, I guess it is good for

629
00:32:20,840 --> 00:32:24,080
Speaker 1: octopus sales. I read somewhere that they actually double in

630
00:32:24,120 --> 00:32:27,880
Speaker 1: Detroit during the hockey playoffs. Yeah, that's right. I didn't

631
00:32:27,880 --> 00:32:29,920
Speaker 1: sneak a full grown octopus in here, but I did

632
00:32:29,960 --> 00:32:32,200
Speaker 1: sneak in a few extra facts. You ready for the

633
00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:43,520
Speaker 1: fact off? You know? I am all right? Well, squid

634
00:32:43,520 --> 00:32:46,280
Speaker 1: are easy to digest from many ocean creatures. The one

635
00:32:46,360 --> 00:32:50,240
Speaker 1: part that isn't is their beak. Apparently, beaks often collect

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00:32:50,320 --> 00:32:54,560
Speaker 1: inside other sea creatures. Have you heard of Kimberrella? I

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00:32:54,600 --> 00:32:57,440
Speaker 1: can't say that. I've heard of tiny mollis that lived

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00:32:57,440 --> 00:33:01,040
Speaker 1: over five million years ago and is the earliest known

639
00:33:01,080 --> 00:33:04,040
Speaker 1: ancestor of the squid. Also, doesn't it sound like she

640
00:33:04,120 --> 00:33:10,080
Speaker 1: left seven slippers behind at Prince Charming's palace? She sounds beautiful, Kimbarella?

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00:33:10,160 --> 00:33:12,040
Speaker 1: All right? So did you know that human trash can

642
00:33:12,080 --> 00:33:15,560
Speaker 1: occasionally be good for octopus that have no shelter? On

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00:33:15,600 --> 00:33:18,360
Speaker 1: a dive off of the Puget Sound, one scientist observed

644
00:33:18,440 --> 00:33:21,880
Speaker 1: eight beer bottles, all with tiny red octopus in them.

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00:33:21,920 --> 00:33:25,200
Speaker 1: I mean these beer bottles had occupancy, right, that's a

646
00:33:25,240 --> 00:33:29,480
Speaker 1: good right. Have you heard of the octopo tooth, this deletron?

647
00:33:29,640 --> 00:33:32,480
Speaker 1: I have not. It's a squid that doesn't have sex organs.

648
00:33:32,480 --> 00:33:35,040
Speaker 1: So the males have to put these sperm packets on

649
00:33:35,080 --> 00:33:38,520
Speaker 1: the side of their potential mates for later fertilization. But

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00:33:38,600 --> 00:33:40,959
Speaker 1: because their eyesight isn't great in the cloudy waters, they

651
00:33:41,000 --> 00:33:43,200
Speaker 1: just tag these onto any squid they can hope with

652
00:33:43,280 --> 00:33:46,719
Speaker 1: a few of them might be females. So alright, well,

653
00:33:46,760 --> 00:33:50,200
Speaker 1: my favorite squid discovery might be the Grimaldi scaled squid.

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00:33:50,640 --> 00:33:53,080
Speaker 1: I guess Prince Albert, the first of Monaco was an

655
00:33:53,080 --> 00:33:56,360
Speaker 1: amateur squid enthusiast, and I didn't remember this story from

656
00:33:56,360 --> 00:33:58,760
Speaker 1: mental flaws, but apparently he'd sit through what he called

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00:33:58,760 --> 00:34:03,200
Speaker 1: the precious regurgit patians of sperm wells for specif and

658
00:34:03,240 --> 00:34:06,120
Speaker 1: because the scales of the squid were so flashy and luxurious,

659
00:34:06,360 --> 00:34:08,960
Speaker 1: he named the squid after the house he belonged to,

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00:34:09,080 --> 00:34:12,560
Speaker 1: the House of Grimaldi luxury squid. I like that, Why

661
00:34:12,600 --> 00:34:14,680
Speaker 1: don't you take the Crown today, I can do that.

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00:34:14,760 --> 00:34:16,640
Speaker 1: Thank you all right. Well, remember, if we miss some

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00:34:16,719 --> 00:34:19,360
Speaker 1: of your favorite octopus or squid facts, be sure to

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00:34:19,360 --> 00:34:22,000
Speaker 1: share them with us on our fact hot line that's

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00:34:22,040 --> 00:34:25,080
Speaker 1: one eight four four pet Genius, or by reaching out

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00:34:25,080 --> 00:34:27,560
Speaker 1: on Facebook or Twitter. And if you enjoy the show,

667
00:34:27,600 --> 00:34:29,880
Speaker 1: help us get a word out by reviewing us on iTunes.

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00:34:30,360 --> 00:34:32,239
Speaker 1: You can also email us at part Time Genius at

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00:34:32,280 --> 00:34:34,840
Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. Thanks so much for listening.

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00:34:49,320 --> 00:34:51,840
Speaker 1: Thanks again for listening. Part Time Genius is a production

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00:34:51,840 --> 00:34:54,320
Speaker 1: of How Stuff Works and wouldn't be possible without several

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00:34:54,320 --> 00:34:56,839
Speaker 1: brilliant people who do the important things we couldn't even

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00:34:56,880 --> 00:35:00,239
Speaker 1: begin to understand. Tristan McNeil does the editing thing. Noel

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00:35:00,280 --> 00:35:02,239
Speaker 1: Brown made the theme song and does the mixy mixy

675
00:35:02,320 --> 00:35:05,839
Speaker 1: sound thing. Jerry Rowland does the exact producer thing. Gay

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00:35:05,880 --> 00:35:08,440
Speaker 1: Bluesier is our lead researcher, with support from the research

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00:35:08,520 --> 00:35:11,719
Speaker 1: Army including Austin Thompson, Nolan Brown and Lucas Adams and Eves.

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00:35:11,760 --> 00:35:14,200
Speaker 1: Jeff Cook gets the show to your ears. Good job, Eves.

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00:35:14,400 --> 00:35:16,360
Speaker 1: If you like what you heard, we hope you'll subscribe.

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00:35:16,360 --> 00:35:18,239
Speaker 1: And if you really really like what you've heard, maybe

681
00:35:18,239 --> 00:35:20,040
Speaker 1: you could leave a good review for us. Do we

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00:35:20,160 --> 00:35:22,080
Speaker 1: do we forget Jason? Jason who