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Speaker 1: I'm Manny, I'm Noah. This is Devin and this is

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Speaker 1: no such thing.

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Speaker 2: The show where we settle our dumb arguments and yours

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Speaker 2: by actually doing the research. Today's episode is another mail

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Speaker 2: bag episode. We're gonna be talking about eggs, sneezes, medicine,

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Speaker 2: the twenty four hour day, and whether grape or strawberry

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Speaker 2: is the traditional jelly and a peanut butter and jelly sandwich.

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Speaker 1: No, there's no no such thing, no such thank no touch,

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Speaker 1: thank touch, thank touch thank all right, We're starting with

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Speaker 1: a question from Fran who is based in London. She says,

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Speaker 1: just had a somewhat heated debate last night with my

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Speaker 1: flatmates about whether eggs should be kept in our fridge

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Speaker 1: or not. Our fridge is small and we only have

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Speaker 1: one shelf each, so all three of us having our

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Speaker 1: own carton of eggs takes up a lot of space.

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Speaker 1: I personally have always grown up with my family keeping

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Speaker 1: eggs in the fridge, but one of my flatmates keeps

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Speaker 1: harries out on the counter and said we should too.

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Speaker 1: Do they last longer if kept in the fridge or

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Speaker 1: does it remove any nutritional value? So before we get

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Speaker 1: into friend, what do you guys do with regard to eggs.

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Speaker 3: Oh, you gotta put your eggs fridge?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I think I put a lot of stuff in

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Speaker 2: the fridge that maybe doesn't necessarily need.

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Speaker 4: To be in the fridge, but eggs just out of space,

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Speaker 4: leaving your milk out here.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I do think it is a US UK divide

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Speaker 2: perhaps in my head. It's just like, yeah, it's gonna

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Speaker 2: make it last a little bit longer. Yeah, because it's

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Speaker 2: colder in there. What do you leave out of the

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Speaker 2: fridge that could be refrigerated?

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Speaker 4: Do you think I don't put like potatoes and your

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Speaker 4: stuff like that the fride?

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Speaker 1: Interesting?

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Speaker 4: Big?

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Speaker 1: Uh?

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Speaker 3: No ketchup in the fridge.

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Speaker 1: Guy, ever, Now that's no like my ketchup cold.

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Speaker 3: I want my ketchup. Ketchup.

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Speaker 1: You just have open ketchup in your cabinet.

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Speaker 4: It's not Yeah, it's opened as and I used it

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Speaker 4: before and then I toasted that.

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Speaker 1: Yeah it's open though. Yeah, Yeah, it's not sealed. That's

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Speaker 1: what I mean.

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Speaker 4: It's it's opened, it's unsealed.

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Speaker 3: It doesn't need to be refrigerated, does it say that? Yes?

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Speaker 4: Because look we're getting confused here between there's things that

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Speaker 4: need to be refrigerated.

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Speaker 1: And there's things that they're that's what we're discussed.

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Speaker 3: There's things that there's things that they recommend.

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Speaker 4: Refrigera ketchup is one of those things that they're like, actually,

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Speaker 4: it'll be better if you refrigerated.

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Speaker 1: Well, how quickly are you going through ketchup?

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Speaker 3: I got a big one from Costco, so it takes

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Speaker 3: me a while.

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Speaker 4: So I'm only really using it on like if I

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Speaker 4: get a if I make burgers or something like that,

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Speaker 4: or hot dog.

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Speaker 1: So it will last a long while.

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Speaker 4: I've had that ketchup. Look, this is not the first

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Speaker 4: time in life that I've done it. Actually just opened

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Speaker 4: a new, huge thing of it.

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Speaker 1: So but by the time you're getting to the bottom

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Speaker 1: is you don't notice anything.

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Speaker 3: No, that's what I'm saying. I've been through this in

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Speaker 3: my life.

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Speaker 4: Okay, I'm living that way, not just recommending it and

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Speaker 4: not doing it.

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Speaker 2: I've got bread in the fridge, all vegetables, including potato, butter.

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Speaker 3: And a fridge.

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Speaker 4: You put your you put your potatoes in a fridge.

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Speaker 1: Yeat that often, but I've never I've never done that.

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Speaker 3: No, I don't put them in the fridge. I don't know.

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Speaker 1: I try to keep most produce. Well, it depends on

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Speaker 1: the produce. I mean, but like if it's not cut

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Speaker 1: at all, I'm trying to keep it fresh outside, especially

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Speaker 1: like that.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, once you cut it, then I put it once

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Speaker 3: it's cut.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, onions. What about butter for you guys? See, butter

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Speaker 1: is interesting because I always grew up butter in the fridge.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, a couple of years ago I got one of

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Speaker 1: those butterbell devices. Yeah, it's like a little it's kind

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Speaker 1: of like a cover. Yeah, it's like a little contraption.

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Speaker 1: You you put water in the bottom and then you

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Speaker 1: put butter in kind of the top. Nice you store

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Speaker 1: it so it keeps the butter nice and fresh and soft.

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Speaker 3: Was the water have to do? It?

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Speaker 1: Like helps seal it once it's in there creates a seal.

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Speaker 1: So if you're having butter like every day and you're

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Speaker 1: gonna actually go through, it's pretty good because it doesn't

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Speaker 1: go bad unless it's like sitting for a long time.

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Speaker 1: Maybe that's it's nice to have really soft butter.

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Speaker 4: Yes, I don't put I don't have a lot of

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Speaker 4: bread with butter, only using butter when I'm cooking, I'll

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Speaker 4: put it from my eggs and it doesn't really matter.

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Speaker 1: But to circle back, I got another fifteen minutes on this.

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Speaker 1: All three of us put our eggs in the fridge.

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Speaker 1: Why is that.

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Speaker 4: I don't know the specifics of it, but I know

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Speaker 4: there's a difference between our eggs and UK eggs for

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Speaker 4: some reason, like we can't have our eggs outside because

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Speaker 4: they'll go bad or something, or we can get I

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Speaker 4: don't know, salmon l or something orreas some way that

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Speaker 4: they process their eggs in the UK that it's okay

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Speaker 4: to keep your eggs on the shelf. That's what I've heard.

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Speaker 4: I don't know what the specifics of it are though, Well.

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Speaker 2: Just so happens that I do because my wife Mia

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Speaker 2: is an executive editor at Business in Cider overseeing health

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Speaker 2: in science. She's British, so she also knows about this.

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Speaker 1: Wow more importantly British.

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Speaker 3: British.

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Speaker 5: Okay, So the question of whether or not you need

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Speaker 5: to refrigerate your eggs really depends on where you are.

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Speaker 5: So if you're in the US, then yes, you do

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Speaker 5: have to refrigerate your eggs, and you don't have an option.

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Speaker 5: And that's because commercially sold eggs in the US are

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Speaker 5: washed and refrigerated before they're packaged, and that is to

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Speaker 5: get rid of any kind of bacteria or dirt that

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Speaker 5: could be dangerous, such as salmonella, which is a good thing,

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Speaker 5: but the problem with that process is that it removes

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Speaker 5: the protective outer layer called the cuticle. So when those

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Speaker 5: eggs are shipped and once they make their way to you,

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Speaker 5: you need to keep those eggs in the fridge because

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Speaker 5: they no longer have the protective layer that would defend

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Speaker 5: the egg from bacteria in your kitchen. Something like salmonella

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Speaker 5: thrives in warmth, so if your eggs are on the

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Speaker 5: kitchen counter, salmonella can permeate the shell and get into

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Speaker 5: the egg. If your egg is made in the US,

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Speaker 5: it's different if you're in Europe because in Europe they

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Speaker 5: don't wash and refrigerate the eggs in processing because their

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Speaker 5: goal is to retain the protective outer layer. In Europe

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Speaker 5: and in the UK, their priority is to package and

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Speaker 5: ship and consume the eggs locally, so you're having them

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Speaker 5: very fresh and they're retaining that protective outer layer, so

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Speaker 5: there isn't time or opportunity for salmonella to permeate the egg.

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Speaker 5: And that's why in Europe, the best by dates are

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Speaker 5: also shorter, so you usually on the package it will

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Speaker 5: say that you have less than a month to eat

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Speaker 5: the egg, whereas in the US, much bigger country, they're

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Speaker 5: transporting these eggs much further. That's the benefit of refrigerating them,

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Speaker 5: and that's why you usually have like six weeks eight

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Speaker 5: weeks to eat those eggs. So t LDR. If you're

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Speaker 5: in the US, you have no option. You need to

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Speaker 5: keep them in the fridge. In Europe, it's up to you.

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Speaker 5: You can keep them in the fridge to preserve freshness,

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Speaker 5: but there is perfectly safe outside the fridge as well.

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Speaker 1: That made sense in tracks with basically what you were saying.

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Speaker 1: I didn't realize exactly what it was. I didn't realize

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Speaker 1: it was literally just what was on the outside of

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Speaker 1: the show. I assumed it was something more like biological almost. Yeah, like, yes,

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Speaker 1: this is actually.

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Speaker 3: Much more simple.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it's funny how many times washing something is actually

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Speaker 2: kind of bad in a way, like the chicken debate

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Speaker 2: that we've had that people are still mad at us about.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, washing the chicken itself, the raw chicken.

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Speaker 2: Spreads the bacteria around, and with the eggs, washing it

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Speaker 2: and refrigerating, it kind of removes like a natural protection

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Speaker 2: that it has.

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Speaker 1: And I believe the questionnaire lives in London but grew

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Speaker 1: up in the US. So that's that's why why there's

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Speaker 1: confusion and they're arguing with their flatmates, as they say,

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Speaker 1: because I was thinking about this, because I was like,

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Speaker 1: I don't know. I definitely have seen people keep their eggs,

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Speaker 1: like you know, upstate or something, and they buy them

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Speaker 1: from the farm next door, and it's like, oh, well

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Speaker 1: they're not. Now it makes sense. It's like they're not

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Speaker 1: doing this industrialized process of washing them. You just go

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Speaker 1: pick it up from the farm and you can keep

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Speaker 1: it out. Because I knew it are people who have

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Speaker 1: chickens and that sort of thing. They're not keeping them

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Speaker 1: in the fridge and they're eating them that day.

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Speaker 4: Probably the chickens aren't putting their stuff in the fridge.

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Speaker 1: They're talking about.

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Speaker 3: They're keeping them more.

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Speaker 1: Nobody talks about many.

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Speaker 3: Fridge in there.

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Speaker 2: We stayed upstate once and there was like a chicken

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Speaker 2: coop in the backyard and the owners were like, feel

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Speaker 2: free to go back there and pick up any eggs

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Speaker 2: that's for cooking. So we did, and that well know,

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Speaker 2: actually we didn't. We were about to, and then we

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Speaker 2: got an email later being like, oh wait a second,

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Speaker 2: these are the fertilized ones.

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Speaker 1: And I was like traumatized. If chicken, well, they wouldn't

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Speaker 1: have been born.

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Speaker 3: It would have been.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, yeah, the person it was just it was

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Speaker 1: just a clumb themselves.

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Speaker 2: Sure, sure, sure, I remember during COVID. I don't know

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Speaker 2: if this was like a national thing, but certainly in

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Speaker 2: our friend group, we just started eating a ship ton

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Speaker 2: of eggs because they're just easy to make, you know.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: I wasn't really cooking all that much until everything shut down.

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Speaker 2: So I was eating a ton of eggs. And then

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Speaker 2: there was like a lot of discourse on Twitter at

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Speaker 2: the time about how that's actually bad. You shouldn't be

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Speaker 2: eating that much, that many eggs.

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Speaker 1: I could be shooting up here, What do you want

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Speaker 1: from me? It's like.

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Speaker 3: Eggs, Yeah, shut the hell.

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Speaker 4: Up unless you're Unless you do it. It's like, don't

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Speaker 4: turn on me if you're eating ten eggs a day.

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Speaker 1: Sure, just like anything, Yeah, what's next?

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Speaker 3: Next up?

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Speaker 1: We're staying on the expiration dates? Okay. Theme This is

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Speaker 1: from Steph I'm quoting now. That is in stest's voice. Okay,

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Speaker 1: so you know how you buy medicine tail and all prescriptions,

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Speaker 1: NIQ will whatever, and there's a date for when it expires.

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Speaker 1: Why does it expire? Like I get that cheese goes bad,

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Speaker 1: milk spoils, vegetables rot, But what is the actual reason

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Speaker 1: why pills or medicine go back. That's a great question

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Speaker 1: as this.

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Speaker 3: I don't know if they go bad.

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Speaker 4: I think they just become less potent, right.

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Speaker 1: That's my thought, And I always think about this when

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Speaker 1: I go visit my family. There's like the kid's bathroom

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Speaker 1: and you open the closet there and it's like kids.

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Speaker 1: First of all, there's no children living there anymore, so

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Speaker 1: it's like kids advil or kids time. Literally it's from

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Speaker 1: before I was born. It's from like even before my

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Speaker 1: brother was born. I think, like literally stuff from the

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Speaker 1: eighties that's in and it's probably if you open it up,

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Speaker 1: it's probably just like dusts, yeah, or like not even.

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Speaker 1: But then there have been times when I'm looking for

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Speaker 1: something and it'll be more recent, but then I'll look

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Speaker 1: and it's like expire twenty sixteen. I'm like, oh, it's

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Speaker 1: like you know, it creeps up on you. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: don't know.

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Speaker 2: I mean I agree with them, and it won't be

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Speaker 2: that it goes bad in the sense that if you

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Speaker 2: consume it you'll get sick. I've definitely run into this

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Speaker 2: because I'm a gas X connoisseur of sorts power us.

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Speaker 1: I love using it.

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Speaker 2: I think it's probably placebo, but it makes me feel better.

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Speaker 2: And they will have expiration dates and I don't know,

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Speaker 2: like I'll take I'll have one after the expiration date

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Speaker 2: and I'll be like, oh, that one didn't do as

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Speaker 2: much as.

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Speaker 1: So, Yeah, how long do you think that's?

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Speaker 3: Like?

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Speaker 1: Typically? Is it like a year?

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Speaker 3: Is it? Yeah?

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Speaker 2: It's really long because I'll be like fall, I'll be

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Speaker 2: just digging through trying to find something. Okay, I think

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Speaker 2: the one that I found was like over.

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Speaker 3: A year old. You take your normal dosage of it.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, so you didn't like double up one one caveat though,

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Speaker 1: gas X. I hope they're listening to this.

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Speaker 2: Why there's one of the boxes called maximum strength and

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Speaker 2: the stronger one is called Ultimate strength. Actually, we already

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Speaker 2: passed the maximum so I don't know what I'm doing here.

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Speaker 1: Like don Draper took up.

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Speaker 2: Maximum, so it could be possible that I did. I

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Speaker 2: took the same dosage was just two pills, but that it.

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Speaker 1: Was maximum and not ultimate. I don't know what anyway, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean, what do you go for in the store,

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Speaker 1: like if you were going right, I try to get now.

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Speaker 2: That I know ultimate is the strong one. I go

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Speaker 2: for Ultimate. Sometimes they don't have it. I don't know why.

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Speaker 2: But also it's just a matter of the dosage, like yeah,

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Speaker 2: I think two or like three maximums is two ultimates

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Speaker 2: or if you do the math. So anyway, all that

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Speaker 2: to say, I've dealt with the medicine expiration dates before,

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Speaker 2: and I would like to know the answer.

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Speaker 4: You know, this reminds me of I recently, for the

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Speaker 4: first time I ever saw Wolf of Wall Street Crazy.

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Speaker 3: Oh yeah, and they have that scene what they're taking. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, they're all made in the nine eighties.

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Speaker 4: They stopped selling whateveryone and they take a bunch of

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Speaker 4: them and they're like, Okay, it's not working, and take

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Speaker 4: more and then they find out that like, actually it

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Speaker 4: just has a longer release times.

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Speaker 1: They're older.

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Speaker 3: Oh, they get it extra high. So I'm not sure

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Speaker 3: if that's the same with pills.

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Speaker 4: I'm not in the issue too. I have this issue

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Speaker 4: with pills because I'm not a real pill popper, you know.

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Speaker 3: If I'm getting some pills, yeah, I gotta get kind

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Speaker 3: of fucked up to take. Like even like an avil.

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Speaker 1: You can't you can't swallow it.

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Speaker 3: No, I can. I can swallow.

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Speaker 1: I don't want to change. You just don't want to.

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Speaker 4: I don't like, I don't really get headaches, you know,

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Speaker 4: so if I get a little ache and pain, I'm just.

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Speaker 3: Taking care of you.

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Speaker 1: Well, you don't get hangovers.

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Speaker 4: Because right, So it's like I'm taking I'm maybe taking

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Speaker 4: an avvil.

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Speaker 3: Twice a year of that.

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Speaker 4: Wow, but I buy you know, when you buy it,

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Speaker 4: you got to buy a big one because it's the

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Speaker 4: best for money.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly.

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Speaker 3: So I'm getting one hundred hundred pails.

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Speaker 1: They're like two years old now.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I'm taking four a year.

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Speaker 1: It's lasting as long as they're catch up.

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Speaker 4: So this is this is a good question of like

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Speaker 4: sort of what is happened? I guess I feel like

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Speaker 4: with all things, it's like, yeah, it just loses its oppotents.

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Speaker 4: I don't know what would be happening now, like chemically, Yeah.

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Speaker 2: Is it the case that twenty years after it actually

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Speaker 2: does literally nothing to you after you take it.

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Speaker 1: Well, luckily, the good people at Harvard, oh, Harvard Medical School,

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Speaker 1: to be exact, Okay, those are the people you do

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Speaker 1: want to talk to. That that's a good clarification, have

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Speaker 1: looked into this. So in nineteen eighty five, the US

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Speaker 1: Air Force conducted a study where they gathered a stockpile

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Speaker 1: of medications because they you know, countries do have those

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Speaker 1: stockpiles for certain things, you know, for emergencies or obviously

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Speaker 1: for military et cetera. So they gathered a stockpile of

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Speaker 1: medications worth more than a billion dollars that were close

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Speaker 1: to or pass their expiration dates. They didn't want to

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Speaker 1: just throw them away, so they did studies. They tested

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Speaker 1: to see if they're still safe and effective. This is

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Speaker 1: the US Food and Drug Administration, the FDA, in other words,

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Speaker 1: lets some call them. And the verdict, according to Harvard Retelling,

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Speaker 1: this most medications were still good nearly three years past

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Speaker 1: their expression. That's nuts. But there are a few caveats

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Speaker 1: to keep in mind, they say. So one, those tests

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Speaker 1: that we're referring to were from the mid eighties and

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Speaker 1: early nineties, so newer medications may not have been tested yet.

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Speaker 1: In this way. Only about one hundred types of drugs

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Speaker 1: were tested, so and some of them were like things

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Speaker 1: that people who are not in the military probably wouldn't

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Speaker 1: be using so much like you know, antidotes for chemical

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Speaker 1: poisoning or antibiotics from malaria. And some drugs did fail

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Speaker 1: the stability test. So liquid antibiotics, Yeah, antibiotics aspirin, nitroglycerin,

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Speaker 1: and insulin have found signs of physical decay, so not

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Speaker 1: best to use them past the expiration dates. Physical decay. Yeah,

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00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:07,160
Speaker 1: but it's like the pills cracked. Yeah, and then yeah,

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Speaker 1: epipends also held up poorly past the expiration dates. This

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Speaker 1: doesn't seem harmful though, it's probably just, like you're saying,

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Speaker 1: not as effective.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So one, it kind of depends how serious the medication

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Speaker 1: is or the what you're trying to fix. You know,

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Speaker 1: you can probably take an allergy medication a month past

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Speaker 1: the expiration date, but a heart rhythm medication is going

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Speaker 1: to be riskier. Yes, Yeah, so you want to make

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Speaker 1: sure that's gonna help you.

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Speaker 2: So pretty much like the over the counter stuff that's

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Speaker 2: not gonna be life or death, Yes, spring gas X

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Speaker 2: that kind of thing.

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Speaker 1: Something like that. Yeah, it might not do the trick

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Speaker 1: that you needed to do, but it's not gonna hurt.

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Speaker 1: This also says that generally they keep the expiration dates

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Speaker 1: on the more conservative side exactly for this reason, which

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Speaker 1: makes sense and I agree with as a practice. Yeah. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And drug makers say that extensive testing for drug stability

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Speaker 1: over prolonged periods of times would be ideal, but it's

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Speaker 1: too expensive. And yeah. Also in this study, the military

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Speaker 1: study found that by keeping these expired medicines is saved

358
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Speaker 1: about two hundred and sixty million dollars from the one billion,

359
00:17:20,440 --> 00:17:23,240
Speaker 1: so it's pretty significant. Yeah, it showed that there was

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00:17:23,280 --> 00:17:25,920
Speaker 1: a lot of useful There are a lot of medicine

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Speaker 1: that was still useful. So basically, expiration dates in the US,

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Speaker 1: after a law in nineteen seventy nine, drug manufacturers have

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Speaker 1: to stamp an expiration date on their products. So that's

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Speaker 1: like where they can guarantee full potency and safety. It's

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Speaker 1: not necessarily means it's gonna not work after that, which

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Speaker 1: makes sense. It's just like a regulation. So it's true

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Speaker 1: that effectiveness of a drug may decrease over time, but

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Speaker 1: much of the original potency still remains even the decade

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Speaker 1: after the expiration date. Placing a medication in a cool place,

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Speaker 1: such as a refrigerator, will help the drug remain potent

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Speaker 1: for many years. That's a good question, right from the

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Speaker 1: previous question. I also put my dequill in stuff in

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Speaker 1: the fridge, do you guys? No, keep it outside in

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Speaker 1: the closet.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I don't.

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Speaker 4: I'm really only getting that when I have Once again,

377
00:18:10,040 --> 00:18:11,680
Speaker 4: I don't really take that stuff, so.

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Speaker 1: I always just have it in the fridge.

379
00:18:14,160 --> 00:18:16,840
Speaker 2: Not for any real reason, but that's all you taking.

380
00:18:17,960 --> 00:18:19,439
Speaker 2: I mean only when I get sick, but like it

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Speaker 2: lasts for during that period.

382
00:18:21,400 --> 00:18:21,879
Speaker 3: In the fridge.

383
00:18:21,960 --> 00:18:24,880
Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, No, I don't keep it in the fridge.

384
00:18:26,160 --> 00:18:28,719
Speaker 3: Oh yeah, it looks like babies.

385
00:18:30,960 --> 00:18:33,560
Speaker 2: Actually they have one for babies and it says four babies.

386
00:18:34,400 --> 00:18:40,960
Speaker 2: I got the liquid one for Yeah. Yeah, prefer when

387
00:18:41,000 --> 00:18:43,280
Speaker 2: I'm like out, Like back when we used to work

388
00:18:43,280 --> 00:18:45,240
Speaker 2: in an office every day, I would bring pills with me.

389
00:18:45,720 --> 00:18:47,359
Speaker 2: If I'm at home, I'm like a little something to

390
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Speaker 2: sip on is nice. All right, After the break, we're

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Speaker 2: gonna answer some questions about sneezing behaviors, the twenty four

392
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Speaker 2: hour day, and peanut butter and jelly sandwiches or We'll

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Speaker 2: be right.

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Speaker 1: Back all right, next up? Hi, Have y'all ever argued

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Speaker 1: about why some people sneeze loudly? Is it a learned behavior,

396
00:19:22,640 --> 00:19:25,920
Speaker 1: maybe to mimic a parent or get attention or clear

397
00:19:26,040 --> 00:19:29,760
Speaker 1: nasal passages more comfortably or effectively. Or is it biological

398
00:19:30,080 --> 00:19:33,000
Speaker 1: maybe based on lung size or muscular strength or age.

399
00:19:33,560 --> 00:19:36,280
Speaker 1: Can a louder soft sneeze to become softer loud, respectively?

400
00:19:36,560 --> 00:19:40,199
Speaker 1: Or is that dynamic range of sneezes actually small and

401
00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:44,280
Speaker 1: its variations in hearing sensitivity that we should be arguing over.

402
00:19:44,480 --> 00:19:46,760
Speaker 1: Please get to the bottom of this. My doctor has

403
00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:48,000
Speaker 1: stopped answering my question.

404
00:19:50,160 --> 00:19:52,760
Speaker 2: Can I just say, real quick, I love our listeners

405
00:19:52,800 --> 00:19:55,760
Speaker 2: because we get the funniest fucking questions I've ever heard

406
00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:58,360
Speaker 2: of the very behavioral.

407
00:19:57,800 --> 00:20:01,760
Speaker 1: Science of sneeze loudness. So well, first of all, what

408
00:20:01,760 --> 00:20:04,360
Speaker 1: what how would you all to describe your individual sneeze styles.

409
00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:07,600
Speaker 1: I'm pretty controlled, I think, Yeah, I try to keep

410
00:20:07,600 --> 00:20:10,960
Speaker 1: it on the covers, yeah, like and that same at home. Yeah.

411
00:20:11,160 --> 00:20:13,080
Speaker 2: But you know, I'm sure we all have you know,

412
00:20:13,160 --> 00:20:17,920
Speaker 2: are the classic the dad loud home, shaking the frames

413
00:20:17,960 --> 00:20:20,960
Speaker 2: on the wall kind of sneeze? So my dad one

414
00:20:20,960 --> 00:20:23,680
Speaker 2: of the loudest sneezers around the house.

415
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Speaker 4: My dad had really bad allergies too, and his sneeze

416
00:20:29,760 --> 00:20:35,320
Speaker 4: was so like the cat would run a wind up.

417
00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:39,560
Speaker 3: Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, and you know, and then yeah,

418
00:20:39,600 --> 00:20:41,360
Speaker 3: and then there's usually a couple in a row.

419
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Speaker 1: Yeah.

420
00:20:41,960 --> 00:20:46,040
Speaker 4: That's my other question, and then there's yeah afterwards it's like.

421
00:20:48,240 --> 00:20:49,320
Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah.

422
00:20:49,359 --> 00:20:51,359
Speaker 1: My follow up bonus question is why the sneeze is

423
00:20:51,359 --> 00:20:54,520
Speaker 1: coming multiple It's because there's some people who always three.

424
00:20:54,680 --> 00:20:57,159
Speaker 1: It's not a loud sneeze. It will be like always

425
00:20:57,200 --> 00:21:00,840
Speaker 1: doing three or more in a string. I'll have maybe

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00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:03,080
Speaker 1: one or two I do. I do pretty loud ones.

427
00:21:03,160 --> 00:21:05,960
Speaker 1: I'll say, Okay, I can control it here, yeah yeah, yeah,

428
00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:08,159
Speaker 1: but if I'm home, yeah, letting it.

429
00:21:08,240 --> 00:21:10,440
Speaker 3: I will say. When I do let a loud one off,

430
00:21:10,520 --> 00:21:11,160
Speaker 3: it feels good.

431
00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:13,679
Speaker 1: Yeah, it's like I'm not holding back, you know, and

432
00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:14,439
Speaker 1: go for real.

433
00:21:14,480 --> 00:21:16,440
Speaker 3: Because sometimes you try to get a low yeah, and.

434
00:21:16,400 --> 00:21:19,480
Speaker 1: Then you got it's like it's like plug but myself up.

435
00:21:19,560 --> 00:21:21,800
Speaker 3: Ye, try to keep yeah.

436
00:21:21,880 --> 00:21:24,280
Speaker 1: Yeah, and it's not it doesn't it's not satisfying. It's

437
00:21:24,280 --> 00:21:26,920
Speaker 1: like when you when you try to stifle a cough. Yes,

438
00:21:27,400 --> 00:21:29,159
Speaker 1: that's like the worst feeling in the world. You have

439
00:21:29,160 --> 00:21:32,159
Speaker 1: to cough in the movies or something, and then you

440
00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:34,760
Speaker 1: let it go, but then it's still there. Yeah, I

441
00:21:34,800 --> 00:21:40,040
Speaker 1: have to go to the right Yeah, try to or

442
00:21:40,080 --> 00:21:42,040
Speaker 1: then I'll try like, okay, maybe I'll choose choose some

443
00:21:42,080 --> 00:21:44,800
Speaker 1: gum or something like something I was happening here. Maybe

444
00:21:44,840 --> 00:21:45,640
Speaker 1: I can wait.

445
00:21:45,720 --> 00:21:47,800
Speaker 2: You're like waiting for the loud scene of the movie

446
00:21:47,840 --> 00:21:51,159
Speaker 2: to come, literally, like, okay, there's a car crash coming up.

447
00:21:52,600 --> 00:21:53,320
Speaker 1: Let's lessen that.

448
00:21:53,520 --> 00:21:56,520
Speaker 2: But it's a great question because you know, if it

449
00:21:56,560 --> 00:21:59,280
Speaker 2: were behavioral, you would think that you would have a

450
00:21:59,280 --> 00:22:01,879
Speaker 2: similar sneak to your parents. But that's not the case

451
00:22:01,920 --> 00:22:02,159
Speaker 2: for me.

452
00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:06,200
Speaker 4: No, Well, it's almost it's almost behavioral on the opposite

453
00:22:06,240 --> 00:22:09,680
Speaker 4: way that you witness you know that women.

454
00:22:09,560 --> 00:22:10,119
Speaker 1: Can do to a fan.

455
00:22:10,320 --> 00:22:13,200
Speaker 4: Yeah, you've seen the loud sneeze and now you don't

456
00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:13,960
Speaker 4: want to repeat that.

457
00:22:14,040 --> 00:22:18,520
Speaker 1: Yeah, traumas the cycle ends here. Yeah, but I mean,

458
00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:20,720
Speaker 1: dear kid, is gonna be like I hate how my

459
00:22:20,800 --> 00:22:26,560
Speaker 1: dad always Yeah, quite a little. It's like a kind

460
00:22:26,560 --> 00:22:27,360
Speaker 1: of an edible thing.

461
00:22:28,680 --> 00:22:29,439
Speaker 3: Yeah, watch this.

462
00:22:30,119 --> 00:22:35,080
Speaker 1: Luckily for us our friends at Popular Science magazine, someone

463
00:22:35,520 --> 00:22:36,240
Speaker 1: I've answered this.

464
00:22:36,359 --> 00:22:37,520
Speaker 3: Oh yeah, oh my god.

465
00:22:37,560 --> 00:22:39,840
Speaker 1: They did separate articles for both of those questions. So

466
00:22:39,960 --> 00:22:42,920
Speaker 1: why do people sneeze aloud? And the multiples? I was like, wow,

467
00:22:43,359 --> 00:22:43,640
Speaker 1: the ones.

468
00:22:43,680 --> 00:22:45,760
Speaker 2: I'm really fascinated by the multiples. I know someone who

469
00:22:45,800 --> 00:22:49,440
Speaker 2: always goes too, and that's it the next time.

470
00:22:51,840 --> 00:22:55,439
Speaker 1: So this is from doctor Takashima from the Department of

471
00:22:55,600 --> 00:23:00,359
Speaker 1: Oto Laryngology. Wow, had a neck and surgery at Houston

472
00:23:00,359 --> 00:23:03,720
Speaker 1: Methodist Academic Institute. This is a quote from Popular Science. Yes,

473
00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:06,639
Speaker 1: not on him, insider knows, is a tight mesh of

474
00:23:06,760 --> 00:23:11,760
Speaker 1: epithelial cells, tiny hairs, and thick mucus. These elements quotes

475
00:23:12,080 --> 00:23:15,440
Speaker 1: trap particulates so that the lungs can be protected. When

476
00:23:15,480 --> 00:23:17,960
Speaker 1: those build up, they need to be flushed out. So

477
00:23:18,040 --> 00:23:20,600
Speaker 1: tiny hairs, that makes sense, tiny hair is mucus whatever,

478
00:23:20,920 --> 00:23:21,680
Speaker 1: all this stuff out.

479
00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:23,879
Speaker 3: Yeah, they don't want you. They don't want that stuff

480
00:23:23,880 --> 00:23:24,320
Speaker 3: in the lungs.

481
00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:25,679
Speaker 1: Yes, and it needs to be flushed out. In your

482
00:23:25,680 --> 00:23:29,199
Speaker 1: body knows this. It gets triggered somehow, like enough piles

483
00:23:29,280 --> 00:23:34,400
Speaker 1: up so that really I do think there was a scene.

484
00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:39,240
Speaker 1: I think Bill Murray sneezes. Yes, yes, everyone flies out,

485
00:23:40,160 --> 00:23:41,440
Speaker 1: hit all the pressure valves.

486
00:23:41,760 --> 00:23:45,400
Speaker 3: They're about to blow this scene.

487
00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:50,760
Speaker 1: Great movie, yeah, which you watched that the key to

488
00:23:50,840 --> 00:23:54,440
Speaker 1: sneezing volume lies in the structure of our respiratory system.

489
00:23:54,640 --> 00:23:57,560
Speaker 1: The first step of the sneeze reflex involves deep inhalation.

490
00:23:58,119 --> 00:24:00,000
Speaker 1: You need that air to be able to expel everything out.

491
00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:02,960
Speaker 1: While air is sucked into our lungs, our vocal cords

492
00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:06,360
Speaker 1: closed tightly. Once enough pressure has built up in our lungs,

493
00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:09,000
Speaker 1: all the air is expelled. It's that gush of air

494
00:24:09,160 --> 00:24:11,760
Speaker 1: that's pushing through the vocal cords that creates the sound

495
00:24:11,760 --> 00:24:15,119
Speaker 1: of the sneeze The shape and floppiness of our vocal

496
00:24:15,160 --> 00:24:17,119
Speaker 1: cords and other soft tissue at the back of the

497
00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:20,000
Speaker 1: throat influence whether or not we have a quiet or

498
00:24:20,040 --> 00:24:25,200
Speaker 1: booming sneeze. Lung volume also determines how much air enters

499
00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:28,040
Speaker 1: and leaves our chests during a sneeze, meaning no single

500
00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:34,720
Speaker 1: physical measurement will predict sneeze volume, So vocal cords, other tissue,

501
00:24:35,080 --> 00:24:38,239
Speaker 1: lung volume. Some people with big lung volumes have very

502
00:24:38,280 --> 00:24:43,560
Speaker 1: patigue sneezes HM, so this article also has how to

503
00:24:43,560 --> 00:24:47,040
Speaker 1: sneez quietly. Takashima points out that in Japan there's a

504
00:24:47,040 --> 00:24:50,919
Speaker 1: heavy cultural emphasis on not inconveniencing others and people manage

505
00:24:50,960 --> 00:24:54,560
Speaker 1: to suppress their sneezes. So this is what the question

506
00:24:54,640 --> 00:24:56,480
Speaker 1: asker was asking too about. Is that, you know, kind

507
00:24:56,520 --> 00:24:58,160
Speaker 1: of a cultural or learned behavior.

508
00:24:58,240 --> 00:24:59,040
Speaker 3: Yeah, oh for sure.

509
00:24:59,119 --> 00:25:01,359
Speaker 1: So the key here is to minimize the amount of

510
00:25:01,400 --> 00:25:04,600
Speaker 1: resonant energy flowing through your oral cavity closing your mouth.

511
00:25:05,040 --> 00:25:06,840
Speaker 1: This will produce the volume of your sneeze.

512
00:25:07,840 --> 00:25:09,120
Speaker 3: It doesn't feel as good though.

513
00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:12,240
Speaker 1: No hold on, look at the medical literature suggests that

514
00:25:12,280 --> 00:25:15,879
Speaker 1: sneeze suppression may be a surprisingly bad idea. Oh for sure.

515
00:25:16,560 --> 00:25:20,080
Speaker 4: You ever try to hold in your whole body of things,

516
00:25:20,080 --> 00:25:21,800
Speaker 4: your eyes are gonna You're gonna.

517
00:25:21,840 --> 00:25:24,360
Speaker 1: Your eyes blood, my eyes.

518
00:25:24,880 --> 00:25:27,000
Speaker 3: Head out of my head.

519
00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:28,919
Speaker 1: You want to be if you want to sneeze.

520
00:25:30,040 --> 00:25:30,679
Speaker 3: I don't know that.

521
00:25:30,800 --> 00:25:34,840
Speaker 4: If anybody sneezing as hard as they can into their elbow, it's.

522
00:25:34,640 --> 00:25:35,639
Speaker 3: Gonna be that loud.

523
00:25:36,320 --> 00:25:40,480
Speaker 1: Ye let me practice like that was That was bad?

524
00:25:44,240 --> 00:25:48,560
Speaker 1: That's not out loud. I don't know if I've been

525
00:25:48,560 --> 00:25:49,119
Speaker 1: peeking on that.

526
00:25:50,080 --> 00:25:53,560
Speaker 4: You know, like you're gonna, I'm gonna hear it if

527
00:25:53,600 --> 00:25:55,280
Speaker 4: you're trying to sneeze in a way, if you don't

528
00:25:55,280 --> 00:25:56,400
Speaker 4: know you're sneezing.

529
00:25:56,280 --> 00:25:56,840
Speaker 3: Not gonna do that.

530
00:25:57,160 --> 00:25:59,320
Speaker 1: You're not. You're not really you know, the cat's not

531
00:25:59,320 --> 00:26:02,720
Speaker 1: gonna run it. Yeah, no, exactly, or the cat needs

532
00:26:02,720 --> 00:26:07,480
Speaker 1: a tough enough yeah, frankly, all right, So that answers

533
00:26:07,520 --> 00:26:12,040
Speaker 1: the main basically the bonus about the multiples, Why does

534
00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:14,200
Speaker 1: that happen? Because that's stranger, that's weird. You can't get

535
00:26:14,200 --> 00:26:16,040
Speaker 1: it out in one go. So it has to do

536
00:26:16,080 --> 00:26:17,920
Speaker 1: with the power behind your noses blows.

537
00:26:19,720 --> 00:26:21,119
Speaker 3: If you got a weak ass nose, you got to

538
00:26:21,160 --> 00:26:21,520
Speaker 3: do more.

539
00:26:21,920 --> 00:26:24,760
Speaker 1: You need to work that out. It's funny they talk

540
00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:26,600
Speaker 1: to all different people for this article. Yeah, this is

541
00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:30,160
Speaker 1: still popular science, yep. So basically, the if the irtint

542
00:26:30,160 --> 00:26:32,159
Speaker 1: is still lingering after a sneeze, your nose is going

543
00:26:32,240 --> 00:26:35,679
Speaker 1: to give it another go. So typically a second sneeze

544
00:26:35,680 --> 00:26:37,280
Speaker 1: means that your first knees didn't do its job.

545
00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:37,800
Speaker 3: Yes.

546
00:26:38,040 --> 00:26:40,760
Speaker 1: As for the mega sneezer, the person who always seems

547
00:26:40,760 --> 00:26:43,080
Speaker 1: to sneeze fifteen times in a row, it may mean

548
00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:45,600
Speaker 1: his or her sneezes just don't pack the same punch's ears.

549
00:26:46,160 --> 00:26:48,600
Speaker 1: Depending on how her nerves are hardwired, it may mean

550
00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:50,840
Speaker 1: her sneezes are not as forceful to expel whatever is

551
00:26:50,840 --> 00:26:54,159
Speaker 1: irritating her. If that's the case. Try to rub your

552
00:26:54,160 --> 00:26:57,600
Speaker 1: nose or plug your nose. That way you can manually

553
00:26:57,640 --> 00:26:58,600
Speaker 1: remove the allergen.

554
00:27:00,040 --> 00:27:02,240
Speaker 3: Okay, you do some work help it out.

555
00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:07,040
Speaker 1: Of course, a foreign irritant may not be triggering your

556
00:27:07,040 --> 00:27:09,480
Speaker 1: sneeze at all. For about eighteen to twenty percent of

557
00:27:09,520 --> 00:27:12,680
Speaker 1: the population, staring at bright lights can cause uncontrollable sneezing.

558
00:27:13,040 --> 00:27:16,520
Speaker 1: What the It's a genetic condition called a photic sneeze

559
00:27:16,520 --> 00:27:21,480
Speaker 1: reflects phot I see, and its mechanisms aren't very well understood.

560
00:27:21,560 --> 00:27:25,480
Speaker 1: Some researchers believe that rapid pupil constriction may trigger the

561
00:27:25,520 --> 00:27:28,360
Speaker 1: nerves related to sneezing, but no one knows for sure. Oh,

562
00:27:28,480 --> 00:27:30,840
Speaker 1: because your eyes do that when you're allergic to something.

563
00:27:31,080 --> 00:27:32,800
Speaker 1: So if you seem to be sneezing over and over

564
00:27:32,840 --> 00:27:36,000
Speaker 1: while enjoying the great outdoors, maybe avert your gaze from

565
00:27:36,040 --> 00:27:37,879
Speaker 1: the sun for a little while. That's a cliffhanger to

566
00:27:38,000 --> 00:27:40,120
Speaker 1: end on eighteen to twenty percent of the I mean

567
00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:43,919
Speaker 1: almost someone in this room, which one of us I

568
00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:44,960
Speaker 1: start lights all the time.

569
00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:45,240
Speaker 3: I don't.

570
00:27:45,320 --> 00:27:47,080
Speaker 1: It doesn't really travel right now.

571
00:27:47,359 --> 00:27:49,480
Speaker 3: They gotta start putting some of those warnings.

572
00:27:49,560 --> 00:27:51,200
Speaker 1: It's obviously in my head now, but I feel a

573
00:27:51,200 --> 00:27:56,000
Speaker 1: little bit more tensional. Yeah, I'm not gonna sneeze, but

574
00:27:56,440 --> 00:27:57,040
Speaker 1: I see it.

575
00:27:57,000 --> 00:27:57,880
Speaker 3: It's a division.

576
00:27:58,240 --> 00:27:59,800
Speaker 2: Next time I have to sneeze, I'm going to try

577
00:27:59,800 --> 00:28:01,280
Speaker 2: to make it as loud as possible. I don't think

578
00:28:01,280 --> 00:28:03,920
Speaker 2: I've ever really tried to be try to have a.

579
00:28:03,920 --> 00:28:06,640
Speaker 1: Loud primal scream. Yeah, it might be. It might feel good.

580
00:28:08,000 --> 00:28:12,439
Speaker 1: All right, what's what's next? This is a real kind

581
00:28:12,440 --> 00:28:15,119
Speaker 1: of bomb rip, sort of one from Blake. Why are

582
00:28:15,119 --> 00:28:16,320
Speaker 1: there twenty four hours in a day?

583
00:28:17,240 --> 00:28:17,960
Speaker 3: That's all he said?

584
00:28:18,840 --> 00:28:19,879
Speaker 1: Any ideas.

585
00:28:21,960 --> 00:28:22,280
Speaker 4: Well?

586
00:28:22,440 --> 00:28:25,119
Speaker 2: I mean, just like I guess the basic necessity of

587
00:28:25,240 --> 00:28:27,840
Speaker 2: like measuring, I don't know why they landed on twenty

588
00:28:27,840 --> 00:28:31,240
Speaker 2: four You would think it'd be something shorter.

589
00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:31,639
Speaker 3: I don't know.

590
00:28:31,840 --> 00:28:33,760
Speaker 4: Well, I might just say there's twelve hours, but the

591
00:28:33,800 --> 00:28:35,600
Speaker 4: hours or two hours long or so?

592
00:28:35,720 --> 00:28:37,600
Speaker 2: Yeah maybe yeah, that's where, Yeah, I would do a

593
00:28:37,640 --> 00:28:38,640
Speaker 2: longer segment.

594
00:28:38,920 --> 00:28:42,640
Speaker 1: Do you think I'm just talking shit? Yeah?

595
00:28:43,080 --> 00:28:45,400
Speaker 3: Well, you know obviously the twenty four hours.

596
00:28:45,480 --> 00:28:47,440
Speaker 1: You know what a day is? Yes, is a day,

597
00:28:47,600 --> 00:28:48,440
Speaker 1: but that's one day?

598
00:28:48,880 --> 00:28:52,080
Speaker 3: But why what is a day is when the sun

599
00:28:52,720 --> 00:29:00,960
Speaker 3: goes around you know? And yeah, because the summer, Yeah,

600
00:29:02,120 --> 00:29:03,360
Speaker 3: and we're flat we're flat.

601
00:29:03,480 --> 00:29:06,040
Speaker 1: Yeah, flat earth. So as soon as the sun the sun.

602
00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:09,840
Speaker 3: Yeah, and then at night it's underneath.

603
00:29:09,520 --> 00:29:13,920
Speaker 1: Us, it's under its over China. The sun went to sleep.

604
00:29:14,240 --> 00:29:17,320
Speaker 1: It's gone. Now it's gone the man. Yeah, so it's

605
00:29:17,320 --> 00:29:18,040
Speaker 1: one cycle.

606
00:29:19,200 --> 00:29:20,160
Speaker 3: Now it's one rotation.

607
00:29:20,520 --> 00:29:22,800
Speaker 1: Seriously, ye serious, guys, let's not cho.

608
00:29:26,040 --> 00:29:30,400
Speaker 3: You know, flatter enough.

609
00:29:30,680 --> 00:29:32,440
Speaker 1: So one rotation of the earth.

610
00:29:32,520 --> 00:29:35,560
Speaker 4: Yeah, one rotation of the earth. The sun is not rotating.

611
00:29:35,760 --> 00:29:39,840
Speaker 4: We're evolving around. That's a year. It's one revolution around

612
00:29:39,840 --> 00:29:44,840
Speaker 4: the sun. So one day is one revolution of there.

613
00:29:44,920 --> 00:29:47,920
Speaker 1: So we all agree on that. Yeah, now how do

614
00:29:47,960 --> 00:29:48,640
Speaker 1: you break that up?

615
00:29:49,120 --> 00:29:52,360
Speaker 3: That's the best idea. That's where we get into. Yeah,

616
00:29:52,400 --> 00:29:54,040
Speaker 3: the specifics here, Yeah.

617
00:29:53,880 --> 00:29:57,480
Speaker 1: I mean that's it's great. It may it makes me

618
00:29:57,600 --> 00:29:59,520
Speaker 1: think it's probably it's religious.

619
00:29:59,680 --> 00:30:02,040
Speaker 3: Why sixty minutes right, like.

620
00:30:01,960 --> 00:30:03,080
Speaker 1: The twelve hours?

621
00:30:03,120 --> 00:30:03,480
Speaker 3: I don't know.

622
00:30:03,520 --> 00:30:05,720
Speaker 1: It feels like why does that number come from somewhere?

623
00:30:05,800 --> 00:30:06,240
Speaker 3: Yeah?

624
00:30:06,320 --> 00:30:10,680
Speaker 1: Great question. Well, luckily our friends at ABC Science I

625
00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:12,680
Speaker 1: believe this is the Australian Broadcasting Company.

626
00:30:12,760 --> 00:30:14,480
Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, they're real different ABC.

627
00:30:14,600 --> 00:30:15,640
Speaker 1: Oh yeah yeah.

628
00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:18,520
Speaker 2: My guess is twenty four or twenty four or twelve

629
00:30:18,560 --> 00:30:20,920
Speaker 2: like has to do with some kind of religious thing,

630
00:30:21,120 --> 00:30:22,480
Speaker 2: some ancient religious thing.

631
00:30:22,680 --> 00:30:26,760
Speaker 1: Let's see what ABC science. That's just say it always

632
00:30:26,760 --> 00:30:28,680
Speaker 1: goes back to them. What are you about to say

633
00:30:29,360 --> 00:30:37,640
Speaker 1: it's always them? Is from doctor Nick Lom, Consultant curator

634
00:30:37,720 --> 00:30:40,760
Speaker 1: of astronomy from the Sydney Observatory. All right, I trust

635
00:30:40,880 --> 00:30:43,320
Speaker 1: trust observatories. Our twenty four hour day comes from the

636
00:30:43,360 --> 00:30:49,320
Speaker 1: ancient Egyptians who died them, who divided daytime into ten hours.

637
00:30:49,600 --> 00:30:52,640
Speaker 1: They measured with devices such as shadow clocks. Yeah, and

638
00:30:52,680 --> 00:30:55,160
Speaker 1: added the twilight hour at the beginning and another one

639
00:30:55,280 --> 00:30:57,440
Speaker 1: at the end of the day time. Oh so that

640
00:30:57,480 --> 00:30:59,600
Speaker 1: makes They started with ten and then kind of added

641
00:30:59,640 --> 00:31:02,000
Speaker 1: on an hour an hour, so it's filling for kind

642
00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:07,280
Speaker 1: of nighttime. Wow. And then because ten is a natural number, Yeah,

643
00:31:08,360 --> 00:31:11,400
Speaker 1: but it just feels like, Yeah, nighttime was divided into

644
00:31:11,760 --> 00:31:15,920
Speaker 1: twelve hours based on observations of stars. So there's so

645
00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:18,960
Speaker 1: there we have ten hours during the day, yeah, plus

646
00:31:19,000 --> 00:31:22,680
Speaker 1: two more twelve for night preor night when you're looking

647
00:31:22,720 --> 00:31:26,360
Speaker 1: at the stars. Egyptians had a system of thirty six

648
00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:30,360
Speaker 1: star groups called decans d E C A N S

649
00:31:30,440 --> 00:31:35,680
Speaker 1: maybe dickcans deacons deacons chosen so that on any night,

650
00:31:35,840 --> 00:31:39,360
Speaker 1: one decan rose forty minutes after the previous one. Wow,

651
00:31:40,120 --> 00:31:41,120
Speaker 1: these guys were nuts.

652
00:31:41,880 --> 00:31:42,160
Speaker 3: Tables.

653
00:31:42,160 --> 00:31:43,880
Speaker 1: I guess they didn't have anything else to do. Tables

654
00:31:43,880 --> 00:31:46,560
Speaker 1: were produced to help people to determine the Yeah, it's

655
00:31:46,600 --> 00:31:50,760
Speaker 1: like oversee some pyramids being built, or figure.

656
00:31:50,480 --> 00:31:50,920
Speaker 3: Out the time.

657
00:31:51,160 --> 00:31:53,560
Speaker 4: What I would be doing if if China wasn't keeping

658
00:31:53,560 --> 00:31:55,120
Speaker 4: me on TikTok, you'd.

659
00:31:54,960 --> 00:31:57,520
Speaker 1: Be building, You'd be coming up with a whole new wisdom.

660
00:31:57,640 --> 00:31:59,000
Speaker 1: You count time.

661
00:32:01,040 --> 00:32:03,680
Speaker 3: For the one rat.

662
00:32:03,760 --> 00:32:07,080
Speaker 4: Every time it's rat passes, that's about four hours.

663
00:32:07,720 --> 00:32:12,160
Speaker 1: I liked it. Tables were produced to help people to

664
00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:15,800
Speaker 1: determine time at night by observing them. Amazingly, such tables

665
00:32:15,800 --> 00:32:19,000
Speaker 1: have been found inside the lids of coffins, presumably so

666
00:32:19,040 --> 00:32:23,400
Speaker 1: that the dead could also tell the time. Wow, that's nice,

667
00:32:23,640 --> 00:32:25,320
Speaker 1: all right, nice, and then put that in the coffin.

668
00:32:25,520 --> 00:32:27,800
Speaker 1: In the Egyptian system, the length of the daytime and

669
00:32:27,920 --> 00:32:32,560
Speaker 1: nighttime hours. I don't know what time it is, you did.

670
00:32:33,360 --> 00:32:35,880
Speaker 1: The length of the daytime and nighttime hours were unequal

671
00:32:35,960 --> 00:32:38,920
Speaker 1: and varied with the seasons. Oh so it kind of

672
00:32:38,920 --> 00:32:42,760
Speaker 1: adjusted base on everything. Yes, of course, so in summer

673
00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:45,280
Speaker 1: daytime hours were longer than nighttime hours. Well, in the

674
00:32:45,280 --> 00:32:50,080
Speaker 1: winter it was flipped ancient Babylonians broke everything up into

675
00:32:50,560 --> 00:32:55,320
Speaker 1: sixty for hours and minutes. They just like the base

676
00:32:55,400 --> 00:32:58,560
Speaker 1: number sixty. It seems like, so subdivision of hours and

677
00:32:58,600 --> 00:33:02,000
Speaker 1: then sixty minutes per hour. So I kind of then

678
00:33:02,120 --> 00:33:05,040
Speaker 1: just kind of calibrating to what they are from the

679
00:33:05,080 --> 00:33:08,800
Speaker 1: Egyptian those hours further basically, which is probably when it

680
00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:10,160
Speaker 1: got a little bit more standardized.

681
00:33:10,560 --> 00:33:14,920
Speaker 2: That's now, see, we got we have twelve hours, that's

682
00:33:14,960 --> 00:33:18,200
Speaker 2: what I said. Sixty minutes was why isn't it like

683
00:33:18,200 --> 00:33:19,000
Speaker 2: one hundred minutes?

684
00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:22,640
Speaker 1: So we got three hundred and sixty degrees in a

685
00:33:22,680 --> 00:33:27,360
Speaker 1: circle from the Babylonians. Oh wow, they just liked sixty.

686
00:33:28,880 --> 00:33:33,680
Speaker 1: Babylonians were interested in three sixty because that was their

687
00:33:33,760 --> 00:33:35,160
Speaker 1: estimate for the number of days in a year.

688
00:33:35,760 --> 00:33:36,200
Speaker 3: Oh damn.

689
00:33:38,360 --> 00:33:40,959
Speaker 4: Then they had GYBT to be asking either to get

690
00:33:41,000 --> 00:33:41,680
Speaker 4: it wrong.

691
00:33:41,800 --> 00:33:44,400
Speaker 1: Yeah, if you got GPT, it'd be like, yeah, this

692
00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:47,600
Speaker 1: is three hundred sixty days, close enough, thirty six days.

693
00:33:47,720 --> 00:33:50,760
Speaker 2: That's impressive that you already knew that. But was it

694
00:33:50,760 --> 00:33:52,880
Speaker 2: the case that the Egyptians kind of came up with

695
00:33:52,920 --> 00:33:55,840
Speaker 2: the framework of time. Yeah, it seems like so before

696
00:33:55,880 --> 00:33:57,400
Speaker 2: that they were just I mean, I'm sure there were

697
00:33:57,440 --> 00:33:59,080
Speaker 2: little ways to measure here and there, but they were

698
00:33:59,120 --> 00:34:01,920
Speaker 2: mostly just viobally. Yeah, I think generally it was that

699
00:34:02,000 --> 00:34:05,480
Speaker 2: and then slowly kind of this where okay, and then

700
00:34:05,480 --> 00:34:09,239
Speaker 2: I'm sure once there's a international order, there's more consensus

701
00:34:09,280 --> 00:34:12,839
Speaker 2: for you know, we have to have the same time

702
00:34:12,880 --> 00:34:13,919
Speaker 2: if you're traveling this way.

703
00:34:14,000 --> 00:34:15,839
Speaker 1: Yep, all right, but I think that about answers it well.

704
00:34:15,880 --> 00:34:18,040
Speaker 1: It makes it makes sense that like, all right, you

705
00:34:18,360 --> 00:34:22,000
Speaker 1: want to count the hours in a day, like before

706
00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:24,560
Speaker 1: the sun goes away. Yeah, and back then you're like, okay,

707
00:34:24,600 --> 00:34:27,680
Speaker 1: I have ten fingers. That's how we're going to count this.

708
00:34:28,080 --> 00:34:28,319
Speaker 3: Yeah.

709
00:34:28,680 --> 00:34:30,680
Speaker 1: But then they just started amending it from me, and

710
00:34:30,680 --> 00:34:31,919
Speaker 1: then they're like, all right, well we need to figure

711
00:34:31,960 --> 00:34:35,799
Speaker 1: this out because the stars are doing this. So we

712
00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:39,279
Speaker 1: got two extra hours, so twelve and twelve all right.

713
00:34:39,760 --> 00:34:43,879
Speaker 2: I like amazing stuff. But one of my favorite concision too.

714
00:34:43,920 --> 00:34:47,360
Speaker 2: I used to watch all those Ancient Aliens shows on

715
00:34:47,800 --> 00:34:51,719
Speaker 2: History or whatever, and the the big takeaway at the

716
00:34:51,800 --> 00:34:54,279
Speaker 2: end of every episode is like, how did the Egyptians

717
00:34:54,320 --> 00:34:56,839
Speaker 2: know that the earth was blue? Like they have some

718
00:34:57,200 --> 00:34:59,759
Speaker 2: of these higher glyphs, oh, and they're like painted. It's

719
00:34:59,800 --> 00:35:02,560
Speaker 2: kind of has nothing to do with time. But you know,

720
00:35:02,800 --> 00:35:05,120
Speaker 2: we don't give just because it's like, look, there's a

721
00:35:05,120 --> 00:35:07,399
Speaker 2: big as it's a shame that.

722
00:35:07,520 --> 00:35:09,760
Speaker 1: You know, we don't really give them their flowers.

723
00:35:10,080 --> 00:35:12,960
Speaker 3: No, we don't. Aliens, Yeah, we can't.

724
00:35:13,400 --> 00:35:17,520
Speaker 4: They can't possibly be smart then idiots running around the

725
00:35:17,880 --> 00:35:21,000
Speaker 4: build it couldn't do anything, have any ideas.

726
00:35:20,680 --> 00:35:22,840
Speaker 2: Because if they were so smart back then it must

727
00:35:22,880 --> 00:35:25,080
Speaker 2: mean that we're not that smart. And that's why I

728
00:35:25,160 --> 00:35:26,040
Speaker 2: feel like, actually they have.

729
00:35:26,360 --> 00:35:30,080
Speaker 1: And it just it's it's also just like Egypt isn't

730
00:35:30,120 --> 00:35:32,160
Speaker 1: that powerful of the nation now, so I don't think

731
00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:36,080
Speaker 1: there's international push to do it, whereas if this was

732
00:35:36,120 --> 00:35:37,960
Speaker 1: you know, if this happened in the United States and

733
00:35:38,440 --> 00:35:42,759
Speaker 1: you never forget we need that you know other places too.

734
00:35:42,760 --> 00:35:45,919
Speaker 1: But yeah, just put some respect justice for Egypt.

735
00:35:46,239 --> 00:35:52,719
Speaker 2: Even the Mayans they got incredible like the astronomy innovations.

736
00:35:52,960 --> 00:35:53,520
Speaker 3: We just can't.

737
00:35:53,880 --> 00:35:55,800
Speaker 1: But we just can't be like, wow, they were so smart.

738
00:35:56,040 --> 00:35:57,920
Speaker 3: We have to say some Aliens stuff.

739
00:35:58,160 --> 00:35:59,600
Speaker 2: Well you know what we who we are going to

740
00:35:59,600 --> 00:36:02,440
Speaker 2: get flower too. The Egyptians for coming up with the

741
00:36:02,440 --> 00:36:07,160
Speaker 2: twenty four hour clock. Thank you, Thank you Egyptians.

742
00:36:07,640 --> 00:36:15,799
Speaker 1: All rights as all right.

743
00:36:15,960 --> 00:36:22,360
Speaker 2: Our final question comes from Kaylee.

744
00:36:21,480 --> 00:36:25,080
Speaker 6: Hi, Manny Noah Devin as the No Such Thing Team.

745
00:36:25,800 --> 00:36:29,399
Speaker 6: My name is Kaylee, and my boyfriend was at a

746
00:36:29,480 --> 00:36:33,800
Speaker 6: bar and the bartender suggested that he do a peanut

747
00:36:33,800 --> 00:36:37,879
Speaker 6: butter tequila shot, and the suggested chaser was some sort

748
00:36:37,920 --> 00:36:41,600
Speaker 6: of like fruity selter thing. He doesn't remember the exact flavor,

749
00:36:42,160 --> 00:36:45,560
Speaker 6: but he then begins to complain to some friends that

750
00:36:46,080 --> 00:36:49,439
Speaker 6: the chaser was not great flavored, because then it would

751
00:36:49,440 --> 00:36:52,600
Speaker 6: have been like a peanut butter and jelly shot and chaser.

752
00:36:53,080 --> 00:36:56,520
Speaker 6: He den steeds to get in an argument with a stranger,

753
00:36:57,560 --> 00:37:02,480
Speaker 6: a woman about what is the proper flavor of jelly

754
00:37:02,600 --> 00:37:05,520
Speaker 6: to use in a peanut butter and jelly She believed

755
00:37:05,520 --> 00:37:09,040
Speaker 6: it with strawberry, and he believes it's great. So we

756
00:37:09,120 --> 00:37:12,400
Speaker 6: want to know your opinion. What is the default jelly

757
00:37:12,440 --> 00:37:14,680
Speaker 6: to put on a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. Is

758
00:37:14,719 --> 00:37:18,759
Speaker 6: it grape, is it strawberry? Or is it like a

759
00:37:18,800 --> 00:37:22,240
Speaker 6: third flavor? Thank you so much for answering my question.

760
00:37:22,360 --> 00:37:25,200
Speaker 6: Dig Sana the trow have a good one.

761
00:37:26,760 --> 00:37:27,000
Speaker 3: Thanks.

762
00:37:27,080 --> 00:37:34,239
Speaker 1: Kayley is here. Yeah, I guess first, let's answer it. Yeah,

763
00:37:34,560 --> 00:37:35,280
Speaker 1: let's go around.

764
00:37:35,360 --> 00:37:39,480
Speaker 2: Cake would be that I prefer the jelly to be strawberry.

765
00:37:39,520 --> 00:37:43,640
Speaker 2: But I also acknowledge that grape is the traditional peanut

766
00:37:43,640 --> 00:37:44,160
Speaker 2: butter and jet.

767
00:37:44,880 --> 00:37:48,040
Speaker 1: I mean, I probably prefer grape still most cases. But yeah,

768
00:37:48,040 --> 00:37:50,359
Speaker 1: I think you can have your own preference for what

769
00:37:50,440 --> 00:37:54,200
Speaker 1: jelly you want. But yeah, the default is great, it's great.

770
00:37:54,320 --> 00:37:54,880
Speaker 1: It's Devin.

771
00:37:56,080 --> 00:38:00,239
Speaker 4: See this is tough for me, hm, because I'm not

772
00:38:00,280 --> 00:38:01,520
Speaker 4: a peanut butter and jelly guy.

773
00:38:02,120 --> 00:38:03,279
Speaker 3: I'm just a peanut butter guy.

774
00:38:03,640 --> 00:38:04,239
Speaker 1: Yeah.

775
00:38:04,280 --> 00:38:08,960
Speaker 4: So I didn't really have peanut butter and jelly almost ever.

776
00:38:08,920 --> 00:38:12,799
Speaker 1: Preconception of this. You're a good person to think back

777
00:38:12,920 --> 00:38:13,840
Speaker 1: to your cartoon.

778
00:38:14,520 --> 00:38:17,759
Speaker 4: Yeah, let me say this, peanut butter and jelly was

779
00:38:17,800 --> 00:38:20,520
Speaker 4: consumed in my home, all right, so there be around it.

780
00:38:20,560 --> 00:38:23,120
Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, I've been. I'm trying to sure. I'm now

781
00:38:23,200 --> 00:38:24,440
Speaker 3: trying to transport myself.

782
00:38:24,480 --> 00:38:28,040
Speaker 1: Take yourself back back to my child, opening your child.

783
00:38:28,400 --> 00:38:29,560
Speaker 3: I'm looking at the side.

784
00:38:29,760 --> 00:38:30,839
Speaker 1: This is what therapies look.

785
00:38:31,040 --> 00:38:32,359
Speaker 3: Yeah, this is what you do.

786
00:38:32,600 --> 00:38:37,359
Speaker 4: They tell you close your eyes, and I'm seeing my

787
00:38:37,400 --> 00:38:38,800
Speaker 4: mom make a peanut butter.

788
00:38:40,080 --> 00:38:43,360
Speaker 1: I said, don't put Jolie on the Would you just

789
00:38:43,360 --> 00:38:45,080
Speaker 1: have peanut butter, just peanut butter?

790
00:38:45,880 --> 00:38:49,400
Speaker 2: Yeah, Harry, I guess if your peanut butter is more organic.

791
00:38:49,840 --> 00:38:50,080
Speaker 3: It was.

792
00:38:52,520 --> 00:38:59,480
Speaker 4: It's the process probably, but I can't even open your mouth. Yeah,

793
00:39:00,840 --> 00:39:05,719
Speaker 4: so in my mind it was a grape jelly. It

794
00:39:05,840 --> 00:39:09,880
Speaker 4: was a more purple welch is Yeah, exactly.

795
00:39:09,520 --> 00:39:09,839
Speaker 1: I guess.

796
00:39:09,880 --> 00:39:12,560
Speaker 2: I just imagine, like you were saying, Noah in a cartoon,

797
00:39:12,920 --> 00:39:17,239
Speaker 2: the grape color. Remember the thing the otters that, Yeah,

798
00:39:17,280 --> 00:39:21,520
Speaker 2: there were names were, Yeah.

799
00:39:20,600 --> 00:39:23,280
Speaker 1: There we go. There isn't one of them purple or something.

800
00:39:23,680 --> 00:39:26,919
Speaker 3: I actually don't I don't remember what color. I don't

801
00:39:26,960 --> 00:39:29,520
Speaker 3: see color, so I don't know what color they were. Oh, yeah,

802
00:39:31,600 --> 00:39:33,000
Speaker 3: I remember that show. That was a good show.

803
00:39:33,120 --> 00:39:34,800
Speaker 1: Was that their names on Disney.

804
00:39:35,160 --> 00:39:37,040
Speaker 3: It was p B Right.

805
00:39:42,600 --> 00:39:44,399
Speaker 2: I guess I'm curious because it seemed to be such

806
00:39:44,400 --> 00:39:46,239
Speaker 2: a debate at that bar from the question or at

807
00:39:46,320 --> 00:39:49,319
Speaker 2: least that like, where does this idea that strawberry is

808
00:39:49,360 --> 00:39:49,800
Speaker 2: the default?

809
00:39:50,480 --> 00:39:52,480
Speaker 1: From? My guess is they grew up and that was

810
00:39:52,560 --> 00:39:54,880
Speaker 1: just what their parents made for them. Had to be.

811
00:39:55,680 --> 00:39:58,640
Speaker 1: Were these people living under a rock? Yeah, we'll do this.

812
00:39:59,600 --> 00:40:03,239
Speaker 1: Look up who invented the PBJ beer. National Peanut Board

813
00:40:04,160 --> 00:40:06,960
Speaker 1: has a article about who invented the PB and J

814
00:40:07,280 --> 00:40:11,440
Speaker 1: Okay sandwich. In the case of the Quintessential American PBNJ sandwich.

815
00:40:11,520 --> 00:40:13,840
Speaker 1: The most important person in this part of the story

816
00:40:13,880 --> 00:40:17,120
Speaker 1: is a man named Paul Welch. We know his work.

817
00:40:19,320 --> 00:40:24,239
Speaker 1: In nineteen seventeen, Welch secured patent for puring grapes and

818
00:40:24,280 --> 00:40:29,680
Speaker 1: turning them into jelly. He developed and advertised grape a

819
00:40:29,719 --> 00:40:35,920
Speaker 1: laid rhymes with mar armalade, marmalade, marmala from concord grapes.

820
00:40:36,480 --> 00:40:38,680
Speaker 1: It was popular with the troops in World War One,

821
00:40:40,760 --> 00:40:43,080
Speaker 1: so it was popular to spread grape a laid on

822
00:40:43,160 --> 00:40:47,960
Speaker 1: bread when the soldiers came home after the war. Wow,

823
00:40:48,880 --> 00:40:53,520
Speaker 1: finally there's peanut butter. We know doctor George Washington Carver invented.

824
00:40:53,120 --> 00:40:55,080
Speaker 3: That black Man.

825
00:40:55,960 --> 00:40:58,400
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's right. As grape a laid and pre sliced

826
00:40:58,440 --> 00:41:02,680
Speaker 1: bread became popular, another happened with peanut butter. Commercial brands

827
00:41:02,680 --> 00:41:04,400
Speaker 1: found a way to create creamy or peanut butter that

828
00:41:04,400 --> 00:41:06,120
Speaker 1: didn't stick to the roof of the mouth so easily.

829
00:41:06,520 --> 00:41:10,320
Speaker 1: During the Great Depression of the nineteen thirties, families discovered

830
00:41:10,320 --> 00:41:14,920
Speaker 1: peanut butter provided a satisfying, high protein, less expensive meal. Okay,

831
00:41:14,960 --> 00:41:17,760
Speaker 1: World War Two is the major event that took peanut

832
00:41:17,800 --> 00:41:21,560
Speaker 1: butter and jelly sandwiches over the top sandwich on the

833
00:41:21,680 --> 00:41:25,359
Speaker 1: US military ration menus in World War Two. Peanut butter

834
00:41:25,560 --> 00:41:28,240
Speaker 1: was a high protein, shelf stable ingredient and easily portable

835
00:41:28,239 --> 00:41:32,080
Speaker 1: on long marches. Grape blaide had already accompanied soldiers in

836
00:41:32,120 --> 00:41:34,440
Speaker 1: the First World War and added the sweetness of the sandwich.

837
00:41:34,960 --> 00:41:37,440
Speaker 1: Pre sliced bread was so easy to use. So the

838
00:41:37,520 --> 00:41:41,400
Speaker 1: natural inclination was to combine these three things. And PBNJ

839
00:41:42,280 --> 00:41:44,080
Speaker 1: was part of the American soldier's life.

840
00:41:44,200 --> 00:41:44,560
Speaker 3: Wow.

841
00:41:45,640 --> 00:41:48,880
Speaker 1: And then those guys came home from the war, kids

842
00:41:48,920 --> 00:41:52,080
Speaker 1: loved it, parents loved it, and the rest is history.

843
00:41:52,320 --> 00:41:54,640
Speaker 1: So yeah, I mean, i'd have to say, the default then,

844
00:41:54,800 --> 00:41:58,160
Speaker 1: is the grape elaide or grape jelly, Yeah, variants, Yeah,

845
00:41:58,400 --> 00:42:00,279
Speaker 1: and I think center.

846
00:42:00,320 --> 00:42:02,840
Speaker 2: Dear listener, if you ever hear someone saying strawberry is

847
00:42:02,840 --> 00:42:05,080
Speaker 2: the default, you have to tell them that there's absolutely

848
00:42:05,200 --> 00:42:06,680
Speaker 2: zero evidence to back that up.

849
00:42:06,800 --> 00:42:07,319
Speaker 1: They're lying.

850
00:42:07,960 --> 00:42:11,680
Speaker 2: Now, I like it more than greate for my PB

851
00:42:11,760 --> 00:42:14,440
Speaker 2: and JS, or if I'm just having like a piece

852
00:42:14,440 --> 00:42:17,200
Speaker 2: of toast. But I would never say that that that

853
00:42:17,320 --> 00:42:19,600
Speaker 2: was the traditional original.

854
00:42:19,320 --> 00:42:23,640
Speaker 1: Recipe, like like raspberry preserves. Oh you like preserves? I guess,

855
00:42:23,680 --> 00:42:26,600
Speaker 1: I don't know. I don't get to eat in the

856
00:42:26,600 --> 00:42:29,239
Speaker 1: weeds like that. But I like the little bone Mama.

857
00:42:29,640 --> 00:42:31,960
Speaker 4: As a sort of final word on this, I just

858
00:42:32,440 --> 00:42:41,480
Speaker 4: opened up Wikipedia. I command aft Strawberry zero zero, get

859
00:42:41,800 --> 00:42:45,520
Speaker 4: a few hits, Sarah, they are consider this.

860
00:42:45,560 --> 00:42:49,520
Speaker 1: One's not even mentioned once on the It doesn't even

861
00:42:49,560 --> 00:42:52,440
Speaker 1: have a line like some people like this, not even.

862
00:42:52,800 --> 00:42:56,520
Speaker 3: Not even a hint of there's another kind.

863
00:42:56,360 --> 00:43:00,560
Speaker 2: Of scary nothing in the pop culture reference a section

864
00:43:00,640 --> 00:43:02,080
Speaker 2: of strawberry Damn.

865
00:43:02,239 --> 00:43:05,120
Speaker 1: It's like it doesn't even exist.

866
00:43:05,160 --> 00:43:06,000
Speaker 3: Really, that settles it.

867
00:43:06,080 --> 00:43:12,000
Speaker 2: Final word, Thanks for listening to No Such Thing, which

868
00:43:12,040 --> 00:43:15,920
Speaker 2: is a production of Kaleidoscope Content. Our executive producers are

869
00:43:16,000 --> 00:43:19,520
Speaker 2: Kate Osborne and mangesh Hati Cador. The show was created

870
00:43:19,560 --> 00:43:23,320
Speaker 2: by Manny Fidel, Noah Friedman, and Devin Joseph. The theme

871
00:43:23,400 --> 00:43:26,759
Speaker 2: and credit songs are by me Manny. This episode was

872
00:43:26,800 --> 00:43:29,919
Speaker 2: mixed by Pran Bandy. Thank you to everyone who sent

873
00:43:30,040 --> 00:43:32,719
Speaker 2: their mailbag questions in. We didn't get to all of them,

874
00:43:32,760 --> 00:43:34,640
Speaker 2: but we hope to get to more of them in

875
00:43:34,760 --> 00:43:38,239
Speaker 2: a future mail bag, and please keep sending these questions

876
00:43:38,280 --> 00:43:41,520
Speaker 2: in by either emailing us at Manny Noah Devin at

877
00:43:41,520 --> 00:43:44,400
Speaker 2: gmail dot com or by calling the number in the

878
00:43:44,440 --> 00:43:47,400
Speaker 2: show notes and leaving a voicemail that only works if

879
00:43:47,400 --> 00:43:49,640
Speaker 2: you're in the US, and if you like what you hear,

880
00:43:49,800 --> 00:43:53,720
Speaker 2: please leave us a five star review wherever you're listening

881
00:43:53,760 --> 00:43:55,360
Speaker 2: to this, See you next week.

882
00:43:56,200 --> 00:43:56,480
Speaker 6: Things