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Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature feature production of I Heart Radio. I'm

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Speaker 1: your host of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology

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Speaker 1: and evolutionary biology, and today on the show, we're talking

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Speaker 1: about animals who can rebuild themselves like some kind of

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Speaker 1: tea one thousand. I'm talking self decapitation, magical dolphin healing,

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Speaker 1: and the incredible regeneration that's happening inside our very own bodies.

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Speaker 1: Discover this more as we answer the angel question, why

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Speaker 1: can't we be part? Salamander Joining me today is a

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Speaker 1: TV writer whose articles and columns have been featured in

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Speaker 1: The New Yorker Guardian and l A Times, who also

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Speaker 1: writes on some show called Some More News. Dave Schilling, Well, hello, Wow,

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Speaker 1: what a delightful intro. I always try to complement the

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Speaker 1: hosts on their intro because it sets the tone of

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Speaker 1: congeniality and friendships that I like to in gender one,

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Speaker 1: I go on a podcast, thank you all artificial. I'll

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Speaker 1: just sort of a baby welcome down. HollyHood is all

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Speaker 1: just just peel my face off, damn it, I knew it. Yeah, well, no,

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Speaker 1: thank you very much. It's it's a treat to have

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Speaker 1: you on here. Because we are talking about animals who

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Speaker 1: can regenerate themselves, which is inspired by a news story

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Speaker 1: I saw about a cea slug, which I love it

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Speaker 1: when there's nature news and it's just like, hey, look

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Speaker 1: at the cea slug. It's headless, and it's like, yes,

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Speaker 1: you've got me, You've got me right where you want me.

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Speaker 1: I'm intrigued immediately. Yeah, It's like I normally kind of

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Speaker 1: recoil at clickbait, but when it's when it's like, yeah,

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Speaker 1: check out this headless sea slug, I'm like, yeah, no,

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Speaker 1: I'll do it. It's moving around. That's good. I'm clicking

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Speaker 1: on that for sure. Well I am the opposite, and

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Speaker 1: in that I see it and I say no, thank you. Uh,

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Speaker 1: it's enough that you've described a ce sea slug without

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Speaker 1: a head. I don't need to see it. I know

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Speaker 1: what it looks like and it's not for me. I

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Speaker 1: can paint a mental picture of it. Right. What is

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Speaker 1: your relationship with with squiggly animals? Not not a big fan.

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Speaker 1: This is a great question. And when I told my

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Speaker 1: girlfriend I was coming on this show, she said, you

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Speaker 1: hate animals, and I'm like, I guess you're right. I

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Speaker 1: do hate animals. I don't dislike them that strongly, But

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Speaker 1: I was never an animal person because I didn't have

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Speaker 1: pets growing up, which is strange because I grew up

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Speaker 1: in one of the more rural and and uh agrarian

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Speaker 1: parts of California. This little town Caldmer said, everybody understood

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Speaker 1: farming and did four h and you know that was

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Speaker 1: part of the culture. I was just I wanted nothing

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Speaker 1: to do with it. They smell bad, they lick you, uh,

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Speaker 1: you know, they pissed wherever they want. I don't have that.

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Speaker 1: I don't have those liberties that I can take where

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Speaker 1: I can. Just jealous, So you're just jealous a little bit. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: imagine if you could just kind of wander the earth,

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Speaker 1: grazing off of the land, defecating wherever you please, not

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Speaker 1: having to work, not having to fill out unemployment insurance forms,

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Speaker 1: not having to put gas in your gas tank. You just,

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Speaker 1: you know, amble down the road eating grass. I mean,

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Speaker 1: you occasionally get slaughtered by some kind of predator, but

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Speaker 1: I think it's worth it to not have to fill

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Speaker 1: out forms, to never deal with bureaucracy again, and just

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Speaker 1: occasionally get murdered by a lion. Yeah, let me think

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Speaker 1: about this, what I prefer the abattoir or the d

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Speaker 1: m V. I'm taking the roasted the TMB. I bet

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Speaker 1: they never saw that coming. No, this is the first

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Speaker 1: time anybody's ever maligned the DMV. Shocking, George Carlin level groundbreaking,

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Speaker 1: you were a serbic satire. It'll be like one of

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Speaker 1: those fun things like with a podcast where you have

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Speaker 1: the Gift on and you're just like constantly grossing them

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Speaker 1: out and they're not having a good time, but we

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Speaker 1: we all we all share a good laugh. Yeah. I'd

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Speaker 1: say one of my favorite podcasts is when they don't

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Speaker 1: have a good time, when when the guests is visibly

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Speaker 1: sick and Alice is like trying to navigate their psychosis.

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Speaker 1: That's my favorite. Right when the gift is nauseous the

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Speaker 1: whole time. That's that's the sort of or the the

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Speaker 1: environment I'm trying to cultivate on this podcast. Isn't that does? Oh?

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Speaker 1: You know, I don't know if that's intentional. But another

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Speaker 1: one man, Joe Rogan, He's like the d m V

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Speaker 1: of podcasts. Am I right? I hope that I hope

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Speaker 1: that I learned something today. I might not revel in

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Speaker 1: it the way that you will, but I want to

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Speaker 1: learn something. I think as long as we're both open

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Speaker 1: to learning, both going to be happy people. Yes, I

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Speaker 1: think that, And this is a good message for the

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Speaker 1: listeners to, like, we're gonna we're gonna learn some stuff

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Speaker 1: about animals. Listen, you don't have to like the idea

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Speaker 1: of self decapitation. I'm not trying to get you to

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Speaker 1: like be calm about self decapitation, but to understand it more,

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Speaker 1: you know, to get to know. I think understanding something

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Speaker 1: makes us less afraid. So if you if I'm saying,

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Speaker 1: you know, hey, look at this animal pulls off its

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Speaker 1: own head and keeps on living. Your first reaction might

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Speaker 1: be terror, But let's let's have that reaction turn into

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Speaker 1: understanding and knowledge, empathy, empathize with this creature. Right right

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Speaker 1: when a little girl like has her head do a

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Speaker 1: three hundred sixty degree turn and then says like, I

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Speaker 1: want to play with me, Like I think you need

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Speaker 1: to learn, Like, do play with her? Find out like,

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Speaker 1: you know, just explore the world around you. Yeah, she's

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Speaker 1: literally just asking to Connect's not she doesn't necessarily want

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Speaker 1: to kill you. Yeah, just want that kid in the

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Speaker 1: shining with such a snob. These little girls ask him

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Speaker 1: to come play with them. It's like, you know, they're

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Speaker 1: like and play with us forever. That's awesome. Todd Browning's

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Speaker 1: freaks one of us. They wanted to have a little gang,

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Speaker 1: a little good friends, so fun fun times. So we're

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Speaker 1: gonna have fun times with self decapitating sea slugs is

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Speaker 1: the point. So self decapitating sea slug. I feel like

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Speaker 1: every topic on this show sounds like a good metal

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Speaker 1: band name, and it just is a rule like it

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Speaker 1: always it always happens. So yeah, self decapitating c slug

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Speaker 1: good metal band name. We've actually talked about plenaryans on

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Speaker 1: the show, which is a type of flat worm that

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Speaker 1: can regenerate itself if you chop it up into little pieces.

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Speaker 1: So if you chop off its head or cut it

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Speaker 1: in half into little pieces, like Gordon Ramsey could just

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Speaker 1: go to town on one of those things and it

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Speaker 1: would keep regrowing itself. Just pretty great. Um. But the

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Speaker 1: discovery of the sea slug is unique in that it

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Speaker 1: it actually it's not just that it regenerates it self decapitates.

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Speaker 1: It decapitates itself, which kind of sounds like a weird

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Speaker 1: sea slug fetish. Um, but apparently it's not. Um. So,

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Speaker 1: first I want to thank New York Times science writer

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Speaker 1: Annie Roth for her amazing article on this subject. So

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Speaker 1: researchers discovered this self decapitation habit in lab raised Elisia marginata,

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Speaker 1: which is a green and orange sea slug that looks

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Speaker 1: kind of like a wavy, succulent plant. I actually originally

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Speaker 1: misread its scientific name as margharita because it kind of

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Speaker 1: looks like a margharita to me. You know, it's like

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Speaker 1: green and it's like a like sort of pink or

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Speaker 1: orange e pink on the rims, So it's like it's

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Speaker 1: like a refreshing Margarita's it's it's covered in salt. I

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Speaker 1: think that would be bad for although it is a

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Speaker 1: cease look, so it is naturally covered. Insult if you

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Speaker 1: have if you have three of them, your pants just

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Speaker 1: fall off. You know, it's just like a margarita. Anyway, Um,

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Speaker 1: this guy, why does he do this? Why does he

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Speaker 1: take his head off? That is an excellent question. Here's

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Speaker 1: a question, like if you had the power to take

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Speaker 1: off your own head just for you know, like would

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Speaker 1: like would you? I mean, it wouldn't hurt you, like

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Speaker 1: you wouldn't die, but you could do that. Would that

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Speaker 1: be a fun superpower to have? Or would you just

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Speaker 1: pass on that? I don't know what I would do

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Speaker 1: with that super volleyball. Uh yeah, walk around the grove

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Speaker 1: and freak people out it. Maybe you hide your head

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Speaker 1: in in a closet and then you can observe other

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Speaker 1: people doing things. Like you know, you can be a

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Speaker 1: voideur of a sort of invisible man. But it's your head. Um,

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Speaker 1: you could you could uh you know, put your head

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Speaker 1: in uh in like a like the an office of

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Speaker 1: a movie studio. You can get a bunch of spoilers

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Speaker 1: the latest Marvel film. I don't think I would want

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Speaker 1: to do that though, because then where could I go

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Speaker 1: when my head was off, um, nowhere, because I don't

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Speaker 1: have a head, so self defeating and self decapitating, self

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Speaker 1: defeating and self decapitating. Yeah, I mean though for me,

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Speaker 1: if like I could just set my head up in

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Speaker 1: front of the microphone and continue to podcast where my like,

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Speaker 1: let my body roam around the apartment bonk into things,

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Speaker 1: maybe like put some like food down my neck hole,

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Speaker 1: you know what I mean. Like it seems you know,

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Speaker 1: I can take a nice nap right now. Yeah, take

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Speaker 1: a nap with my body and fold some laundry while

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Speaker 1: I'm doing podcasts. Oh, I should fold laundry while I'm

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Speaker 1: doing podcast just with my normal body. Yeah. But what if,

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Speaker 1: like you need to hit the stop button on the

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Speaker 1: record or something, you call your body over and your

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Speaker 1: body is like no, I'm taking it out. But yeah,

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Speaker 1: so your question is a very good Why would a

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Speaker 1: ce slug want to self decapitate doesn't want to spook

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Speaker 1: its friends? Well they looked into this and there's actually

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Speaker 1: something called self amputation or autonomy in other animals. So

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Speaker 1: lizards will detach their tails and it's often used as

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Speaker 1: a self defense mechanism. So if the lizard gives the

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Speaker 1: predator the tail and escapes, she lost her tail, but

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Speaker 1: she keeps her life and it's a good trade. But

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Speaker 1: this habit of voluntarily amputating your whole body is new.

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Speaker 1: And what's even more interesting is that like these specimens

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Speaker 1: they saw doing this were in a lab, they weren't

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Speaker 1: being pursued by a predator, So what was going on?

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Speaker 1: So the research true started studying the sea slug self decapitations,

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Speaker 1: because that's what do you do as a research if

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Speaker 1: you find an animal in your lab is cutting off

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Speaker 1: its own head, you're like, Okay, you know, I guess

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Speaker 1: we got to look into this now. So their research

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Speaker 1: seems to indicate that the self decapitations are a purposeful

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Speaker 1: way for the sea slugs to ditch their bodies when

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Speaker 1: they become infected with parasites, which, oh, okay, this makes sense. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I get it. I actually, if I became infected with parasites,

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Speaker 1: I think I would want to just get rid of

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Speaker 1: my old body and grow a whole new one, you

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Speaker 1: know what I mean, Like I've done I find like

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Speaker 1: like you have tape worms. It's like, all right, we

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Speaker 1: gotta just like that's it. I would do that if

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Speaker 1: I had like really bad gas, right, just get rid

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Speaker 1: of the whole body, get a new another body. Uh.

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Speaker 1: I did think of one excellent use of self decapitation.

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Speaker 1: Let's say in the near future, when it's possible, you're

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Speaker 1: at a party and you're hanging out and you know,

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Speaker 1: having to drink or eating some snacks or like hanging

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Speaker 1: by the ox cable and picking the songs because you're antisocial.

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Speaker 1: Somebody comes by and says, oh, I'd like to talk

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Speaker 1: to this person because they're interesting or cute or whatever. Well,

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Speaker 1: if you want to get rid of a pesky party

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Speaker 1: guest who is hassling you or is inane or boring

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Speaker 1: or offensive, instead of you know, just being rude, you

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Speaker 1: pop that old head off and freak them out. They're like,

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Speaker 1: I want to talk to somebody without a head, and

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Speaker 1: then they scamper away and then you pop the head

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Speaker 1: back on. All right, that person hit the bricks and

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Speaker 1: you're good to go. Yeah. No, I do like that.

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Speaker 1: I like the escape sort of in your scenario. It's

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Speaker 1: similar to autonomy and nature because they do it to

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Speaker 1: escape predation, and in this scenario, you do it to

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Speaker 1: escape an awkward situation. I think I would probably set

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Speaker 1: up like one of those little miniature basketball hoops in

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Speaker 1: my apartment or wherever. It like the trash can hoops

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Speaker 1: where you throw the trash in and it goes into

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Speaker 1: a little bucket, but with my head. So if someone's like,

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Speaker 1: how's it going, do you have any new projects going

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Speaker 1: in on in your life? Like what's new? And like

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Speaker 1: I don't want to answer because literally nothing is going

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Speaker 1: on in my life and I don't know how to answer,

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Speaker 1: Like what's new with you? And I'm embarrassed just check

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Speaker 1: my head into the hoop and go like who this is? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I think we've we've setched out why this should be

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Speaker 1: the next stage of human evolution and being able to

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Speaker 1: take off your own head. Yes, And the way to

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Speaker 1: do it if we're going to copy the sea slugs

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Speaker 1: mechanism is they actually have it's a clean cut, which

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Speaker 1: is interesting because they don't actually have little tiny sea

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Speaker 1: slug guillotines that they use. It's they actually seem to

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Speaker 1: dissolve the cells around this sort of amputation line so

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Speaker 1: that their head just can kind of like you know,

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Speaker 1: pop off of their body and they will regenerate from

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Speaker 1: that like area from the stump, uh, an entirely new body.

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Speaker 1: Within actually a few weeks, their body is starting to regrow,

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Speaker 1: maybe not to its original size, but it is. They

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Speaker 1: actually get a new body the old body actually, so

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Speaker 1: it doesn't regrow a new head, but the old body

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Speaker 1: does remain alive for like a few months. And yeah,

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Speaker 1: it reacts to getting poked. It's eventually gonna die because

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Speaker 1: there's no head and it apparently can't regrow ahead. So

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Speaker 1: it's not like the sea slug becomes too sea slugs,

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Speaker 1: but the body just kind of shambles around for a

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Speaker 1: few months before finally decomposing, which you know is neat. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I suppose. So it also looks like a potato chip here,

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Speaker 1: like you know, one of those like those tara chips

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Speaker 1: that are multiple colors, like looks like a tear chip

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Speaker 1: or something. Oh yeah, yeah, where it's like made out

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Speaker 1: of some kind of yam instead of a potato and

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Speaker 1: you convinced yourself it's as good as a potato chip,

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Speaker 1: but it's not. It never is. It's disgusting. Yeah, like this,

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Speaker 1: like I imagine this sea slug is if I would

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Speaker 1: eat or her, Okay, thank you. I don't know though.

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Speaker 1: That's seen from the from the Lion King where they're

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Speaker 1: eating all those boogs. You know, this looks like one

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Speaker 1: of the good ones, one of the good, the good

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Speaker 1: ones that they Yeah, you know what this is. I

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Speaker 1: think this, this sea slug is an ally for sure,

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Speaker 1: one of the good ones. So another cool thing about

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Speaker 1: these self decapitating sea slugs is they also practice kleptoplasty,

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Speaker 1: which is when they steal chloroplasts from the algae they

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Speaker 1: eat and then hijack them for their own solar power production.

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Speaker 1: So the sea slugs can then derive energy from the

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Speaker 1: sun like a plant because they've just stolen the plant's

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Speaker 1: method of energy conversion. Uh. And so yeah, they are

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Speaker 1: solar powered body regrowing auto decapitators, which I think is cool. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's also a great name for a metal band. It is. Yes,

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Speaker 1: it's like nothing that I say on this show couldn't

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Speaker 1: be turned into a metal band, you know what I mean?

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Speaker 1: I agree. I think you should get T shirts made

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Speaker 1: up look like metal band t shirts, but they say

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Speaker 1: self decapitating sea slugs instead of Danzig. I do like this.

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Speaker 1: This is a good merch opportunity. Yeah, just have like

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Speaker 1: the metal font and then a sea slug like on

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Speaker 1: some drums. But it's just its head. So how's it

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Speaker 1: playing the drums with the with the arms bouncing from

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Speaker 1: drum to drums. Oh, it's like the two little um

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Speaker 1: It's little antenna are the things? Yeah? Yeah, yeah, exactly

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Speaker 1: stock exactly see stocks is that they're called um or

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Speaker 1: they're they're they're either called tentacles or right of four wars. Actually,

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Speaker 1: you're right. These are not ice stalks. In lamb snails,

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Speaker 1: those are I stalks. But in the sea slug. They're

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Speaker 1: they're called rhino four's they have they don't have the

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Speaker 1: eyes on them, they have sensory organs. Though, who's the expert? No,

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Speaker 1: could it be me? Guess? So now it's your podcast.

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Speaker 1: This is the rules. Alright. The next thing we're gonna

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Speaker 1: talk about is the salamander that regrows limbs. This is true.

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Speaker 1: But first we've got to take a commercial break. Oh wait, no, no,

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Speaker 1: it's your podcast now, so you okay, all right up

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Speaker 1: next we're gonna talk about a salamander that recrows it's limbs.

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Speaker 1: But first let's pause for a commercial break. And now

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Speaker 1: you do the whole outro by memory, the whole outro

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Speaker 1: by memory. While the sea slugs self decapitation is the

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Speaker 1: most impressive form of self amputation, the award for drama

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Speaker 1: has to go to crabs and other crustaceans, who, when

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Speaker 1: faced with a dilemma, will with a flourish rip off

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Speaker 1: their own arms to escape danger, or simply to ditch

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Speaker 1: an injured claw. From a crab who rips off its

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Speaker 1: own arm and throws it at a seagull to escape predation,

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Speaker 1: to a crayfish who amputates its own injured claw after

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Speaker 1: escaping a pot of boiling water. There are many dramatic

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Speaker 1: escapes caught on video of crustaceans flipping their attacker the

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Speaker 1: ultimate bird, by shucking out their entire arm. Eventually they'll

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Speaker 1: be able to grow their arm back. In fact, some

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Speaker 1: commercial fishers declaw crabs as an allegedly more sustainable form

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Speaker 1: of fishing. They'll catch the crab, rip the crab claw off,

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Speaker 1: and chuck the live crab back into the ocean, albeit

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Speaker 1: missing one or more of their arms. The thought is

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Speaker 1: that by harvesting only the crab claw and tossing the

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Speaker 1: rest of the crab back, the crab at least has

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Speaker 1: a chance to regrow its limb continue to live and reproduce.

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Speaker 1: And while it's an interesting idea, maybe it's tad diabolical,

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Speaker 1: it's not yet proven that this really is sustainable, as

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Speaker 1: limba generation and crabs does take time and energy, so

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Speaker 1: there's no guarantee they'll actually survive. The trauma also seems

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Speaker 1: kind of mean to the crabs, but at the same time,

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Speaker 1: I guess it's better than the whole crab being dead.

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Speaker 1: I'm not a crab, or at least not yet, so

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Speaker 1: I can't speak for the crabs. When we return, we're

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Speaker 1: going to talk about the surprising acts of regeneration happening

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Speaker 1: inside our own bodies. Humans can't regrow limbs. If I

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Speaker 1: get in a fight, I can't simply throw my arm

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Speaker 1: at someone run away while calling out my classic catchphrase,

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Speaker 1: I gotta hand it to you. But as embryos, we

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Speaker 1: have surprising superpowers. If we lose a limb bud as

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Speaker 1: an breo, the tiny nub from which a whole limb

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Speaker 1: will grow, we can regenerate a new limb bud. This

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Speaker 1: is due to the preponderance of stem cells we have

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Speaker 1: as developing embryos, the undifferentiated cells that can become any

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Speaker 1: cell that are growing bodies neat. But even as adults,

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Speaker 1: we have some regenerative capabilities where you might least expect

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Speaker 1: it are spooky skeletons. Are ready to talk about skeletons.

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Speaker 1: I know it's not Halloween, but you know, yes, I

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Speaker 1: wasn't here if I was back in. Yet we're back in.

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Speaker 1: We're back in, and we're talking about skeletons. I would

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Speaker 1: love to talk about a skeletons. Every time you think

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Speaker 1: that you get out of out of talking about skeletons,

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Speaker 1: I pull you back in. Yeah, just like in The Godfather. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So I think our skeletons are really interesting because our

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Speaker 1: kind of perception of skeletons is like, it's like the

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Speaker 1: spooky stuff that gets left behind after we die. You

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Speaker 1: can play it like a xylophone, but it's basically dead.

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Speaker 1: It's it's not it's not living tissue. It's like, because

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Speaker 1: it's not living tissue, it's the only thing that's left

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Speaker 1: behind after after we were dead and get eaten by

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Speaker 1: vultures and worms and stuff. But our bones are actually

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Speaker 1: very much alive, which is kind of a weird thing

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Speaker 1: to think about. I guess, like, you know, like we

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Speaker 1: have this whole living skeleton inside of us. I think

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Speaker 1: of of bones as, like you said, kind of a

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Speaker 1: waste product of a dead person, or or the things

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Speaker 1: that are inside of me to keep me from turning

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Speaker 1: into a pile of Q. Yeah. Yeah, I don't. I

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Speaker 1: don't really. I don't think about the fact that there's

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Speaker 1: there's all kinds of information going on in there. It

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Speaker 1: feels like sort of the rind of the human You know,

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Speaker 1: when you eat a chicken, you got these leftover chicken

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Speaker 1: bones and just you know, throw them out. You can

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Speaker 1: know on that bad boy for for days and still

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Speaker 1: get stuff out of it. Yeah. No, I actually crack

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Speaker 1: open chicken bones and suck out the marrow, which uh

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Speaker 1: some people find unpleasant to look at. So I don't

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Speaker 1: do people. Do you do that? You crack them open

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Speaker 1: and suck suck the marrow out. It's you can eat it.

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Speaker 1: I mean you have to be careful. I don't necessarily

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Speaker 1: recommend everyone do this because like, you don't want to

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Speaker 1: get like a little if the bone is like cooked,

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Speaker 1: Like you don't want to get a chunk of uh

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Speaker 1: you know, pokey chicken bone down your throat, So be

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Speaker 1: very careful. But you can't actually eat like the marrow

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Speaker 1: inside bones. In fact, if you've ever had at a

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Speaker 1: restaurant bone marrow, uh, it's it's actually really good. You

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Speaker 1: can like have cow bone marrow where it's like spread

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Speaker 1: on toast or something and it's, uh, it's actually really

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Speaker 1: full of of protein and fat. So do you you

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Speaker 1: live with another human being? Right? And you do this

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Speaker 1: in front of them sometimes sometimes? And what is this person?

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Speaker 1: Your person think about this particular bthology. I guess is

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Speaker 1: the probably he's just glad it's not him. You know,

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Speaker 1: it's a good answer. Oh boy, I mean I lick

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Speaker 1: my plate and my ex wife thought I was a

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Speaker 1: absolute pig. But this is another level of making your

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Speaker 1: meal um a little more. I guess what's the word

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Speaker 1: waste free? Yes, yeah, just tell your wife. At least

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Speaker 1: I don't eat the bone. They don't suck the marrow

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Speaker 1: out of a chicken bone for fun anyway. Again, be

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Speaker 1: very careful doing that. I don't want people to, like,

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Speaker 1: you know, like everyone's going to try this now because

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Speaker 1: they're like, oh, Katie doesn't must be cool, but don't

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Speaker 1: choke on a chicken bone. Yeah, Katie's gonna tell you

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Speaker 1: be careful. I'm gonna tell you don't do it. How

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Speaker 1: about that? How about don't how about whatever she said,

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Speaker 1: do the opposite and then we'll be fine. Yeah, sure,

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Speaker 1: all right now, I'm cool with that. So you might

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Speaker 1: not think of your bones as being living tissue, but

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Speaker 1: it very much is. So the part of the bones

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Speaker 1: that we think of, like you know, the spooky skeleton

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Speaker 1: plate like a xylophone, That is the ossified part of

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Speaker 1: the bone made of calcium, and that is indeed left

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Speaker 1: behind after the rest of our bodies decay, and that

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Speaker 1: is basically the only non living part of the bone um.

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Speaker 1: One of the functions of the skeleton is for skeletal support,

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Speaker 1: as you mentioned, Dave, like, so we don't turn into

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Speaker 1: a puddle of jello. I remember learning that in preschool

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Speaker 1: where they showed us like what would happen to a

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Speaker 1: human body if you removed all the bones? And it

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Speaker 1: turned into like a human pudding. And it was vaguely traumatic,

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Speaker 1: and maybe it explains why I am the way I

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Speaker 1: am now. They showed you a human coop? Where did you?

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Speaker 1: Where did you grow up? San Diego? Folks, if you're

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Speaker 1: in California, if you work from californ you know with

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Speaker 1: San Diego is where your dreams go to die. So

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Speaker 1: this is all checking out. The laid back surfer culture

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Speaker 1: is just a front from the diabolical things going on beneath.

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Speaker 1: So yeah, so that is one of the functions. It

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Speaker 1: supports muscle tissue UM, but it also has other functions.

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Speaker 1: So inside the bone is the marrow, the spongy living

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Speaker 1: tissue that's very important for our bodies. So stem cells

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Speaker 1: in the bone marrow actually foster cell production. So there's

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Speaker 1: red and yellow bone marrow. Red marrow produces blood cells, platelets,

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Speaker 1: and white blood cells, whereas yellow marrow stores fat and

422
00:25:45,960 --> 00:25:50,879
Speaker 1: produces cartilage, fat and cells that will construct the bones themselves.

423
00:25:50,960 --> 00:25:54,159
Speaker 1: And here's a question. So if bones are just you know,

424
00:25:54,280 --> 00:25:58,840
Speaker 1: these kind of this dead framework that supports our bodies, like,

425
00:25:58,880 --> 00:26:00,359
Speaker 1: how do we why don't we just have like a

426
00:26:00,400 --> 00:26:03,600
Speaker 1: baby skeleton in us? Right? Like they we somehow go

427
00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:06,359
Speaker 1: from being a baby with like a baby skeleton to

428
00:26:06,520 --> 00:26:09,080
Speaker 1: being a full grown adult with like an adult skeleton.

429
00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:13,359
Speaker 1: So the skeleton is growing with us somehow. And it's

430
00:26:13,400 --> 00:26:18,200
Speaker 1: actually really interesting the way that this works. So bones

431
00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:21,600
Speaker 1: are very dynamic and they go through an incredible process

432
00:26:21,640 --> 00:26:26,760
Speaker 1: of planned destruction and renewal that continues throughout adulthood. And

433
00:26:26,840 --> 00:26:33,200
Speaker 1: it's called bone remodeling. Again another metal band cover. Also,

434
00:26:33,240 --> 00:26:36,000
Speaker 1: I feel like, you know, that would be in Nightmare

435
00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:39,440
Speaker 1: Before Christmas or something. It's like, that's like the construction,

436
00:26:39,920 --> 00:26:43,919
Speaker 1: the spooky ghost construction thing is bone remodeling. I was

437
00:26:43,920 --> 00:26:47,880
Speaker 1: gonna say bone remodeling. It should be a TLC reality show, uh,

438
00:26:48,040 --> 00:26:51,640
Speaker 1: sort of like house Hunters or you know those renovation shows,

439
00:26:51,680 --> 00:26:55,080
Speaker 1: but they renovate your bones. Yes, exactly, I see. I

440
00:26:55,160 --> 00:26:58,800
Speaker 1: see it's like, uh, your bones. See, here's the problem

441
00:26:58,840 --> 00:27:01,240
Speaker 1: with your your bones. Your bones weren't built on a

442
00:27:01,240 --> 00:27:03,600
Speaker 1: good foundation. So we're gonna need to take them all out.

443
00:27:04,040 --> 00:27:05,640
Speaker 1: You know, when I have to rip those bones out,

444
00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:10,960
Speaker 1: they're not good bones. Good bones in there that we

445
00:27:11,040 --> 00:27:13,560
Speaker 1: got from crateron barrel. Oh God, we found so much

446
00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:19,479
Speaker 1: asbestos in your bones. What's the resale value on your bones?

447
00:27:20,760 --> 00:27:27,560
Speaker 1: Find out? Uh? So there are cells that are responsible

448
00:27:27,640 --> 00:27:32,320
Speaker 1: for breaking down your bones, and there are cells responsible

449
00:27:32,400 --> 00:27:34,879
Speaker 1: for building up your bone mouth. So these cells like

450
00:27:34,920 --> 00:27:37,400
Speaker 1: to break down your bones just to build them back

451
00:27:37,480 --> 00:27:42,600
Speaker 1: up like a cult. So as kids, they're actually much

452
00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:45,639
Speaker 1: more building than there is breaking down, which helps us

453
00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:49,199
Speaker 1: grow bigger skeletons. In fact, like by the time you

454
00:27:49,320 --> 00:27:53,000
Speaker 1: turn one years old, you'll have replaced a hundred percent

455
00:27:53,119 --> 00:27:57,040
Speaker 1: of your skeleton. In comparison, as adults, we only replace

456
00:27:57,119 --> 00:28:02,200
Speaker 1: about ten percent of our bone tissue every year. So

457
00:28:02,440 --> 00:28:06,840
Speaker 1: as adults, like, once we're done growing, which they've both

458
00:28:06,920 --> 00:28:11,520
Speaker 1: you and I have, it's all downhill from here. Um. Sadly,

459
00:28:11,800 --> 00:28:15,960
Speaker 1: that breaking down and building process is pretty much at

460
00:28:16,200 --> 00:28:19,920
Speaker 1: equilibrium for a while, but as we get even older,

461
00:28:20,240 --> 00:28:24,639
Speaker 1: the breaking down process can sometimes outpace the building process,

462
00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:26,960
Speaker 1: which is why sometimes as you get older you actually

463
00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:30,080
Speaker 1: get shorter um. It can also lead to problems like

464
00:28:30,160 --> 00:28:36,280
Speaker 1: osteoporosis or the weakening of the bones. So basically you

465
00:28:36,400 --> 00:28:40,480
Speaker 1: have this very dynamic construction process with your bones, and

466
00:28:40,520 --> 00:28:43,800
Speaker 1: there are the two cells that are responsible are called

467
00:28:43,880 --> 00:28:50,040
Speaker 1: osteoclasts and osteo blasts. So osteoclasts are like the demolitions

468
00:28:50,120 --> 00:28:53,720
Speaker 1: expert of the team. They come in. They're responsible for

469
00:28:53,840 --> 00:28:57,440
Speaker 1: breaking down the mineral components and collagen of your bones

470
00:28:57,640 --> 00:29:01,440
Speaker 1: and releases these broken down components into the blood, which

471
00:29:01,480 --> 00:29:05,719
Speaker 1: is a process called resorption, So you're reabsorbing these minerals

472
00:29:05,760 --> 00:29:10,240
Speaker 1: that you're breaking down. Then osteoblasts come in use those

473
00:29:10,280 --> 00:29:14,760
Speaker 1: recycled minerals and deposited into a new layer of bone tissue,

474
00:29:14,920 --> 00:29:18,440
Speaker 1: which is called ossification. It's also one of the reasons

475
00:29:18,440 --> 00:29:21,120
Speaker 1: that it's important to have calcium because even though you

476
00:29:21,160 --> 00:29:23,959
Speaker 1: are recycling the bone that you're breaking down, it's a

477
00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:27,480
Speaker 1: lossy process, like you lose some of the calcium in minerals.

478
00:29:27,800 --> 00:29:30,880
Speaker 1: So like to help strengthen your bones so that like

479
00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:33,680
Speaker 1: when they're rebuilding it, they have enough materials to build

480
00:29:33,800 --> 00:29:36,479
Speaker 1: strong layers of bone. It's good to have calcium and

481
00:29:36,560 --> 00:29:41,800
Speaker 1: milk or ice cream or eating animal bones. Now, I'm kidding, yes,

482
00:29:41,960 --> 00:29:45,560
Speaker 1: sucking on chicken bones. That's gonna keep you strong and healthy.

483
00:29:45,560 --> 00:29:47,720
Speaker 1: That's what I tell my son here, suck on this thing.

484
00:29:47,800 --> 00:29:50,280
Speaker 1: And he's like going to town on the chicken bone.

485
00:29:50,320 --> 00:29:54,760
Speaker 1: And and he's he's a huge child, bigger than me

486
00:29:54,840 --> 00:30:01,920
Speaker 1: nowentile for an age, and headsize ches all the time.

487
00:30:02,920 --> 00:30:06,800
Speaker 1: Oh wow. I like, yeah, that's good parenting. That's what

488
00:30:06,840 --> 00:30:09,200
Speaker 1: they call it. Start like a start like a dad

489
00:30:09,200 --> 00:30:11,920
Speaker 1: blog where it's just about your giant child who eats

490
00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:17,600
Speaker 1: chicken bones. I don't want to be the bean dad,

491
00:30:20,280 --> 00:30:23,520
Speaker 1: but it's the opposite, right because being dad denied his

492
00:30:23,640 --> 00:30:27,480
Speaker 1: daughter sustenance of the can of beans, whereas chicken dad

493
00:30:28,040 --> 00:30:31,360
Speaker 1: offers whole chickens to his son and allows the sun

494
00:30:31,400 --> 00:30:34,160
Speaker 1: to go to town. No, I'm gonna make him slaughter

495
00:30:34,240 --> 00:30:36,640
Speaker 1: that chicken himself, right exactly. They got to learn you

496
00:30:37,440 --> 00:30:43,280
Speaker 1: be a man. Uh. Toxic masculinity is the worst thing

497
00:30:43,320 --> 00:30:48,840
Speaker 1: to happen to chickens, truly, So whild bone. While routine

498
00:30:48,880 --> 00:30:52,760
Speaker 1: bone regeneration is no big deal for humans, we can't

499
00:30:53,120 --> 00:30:56,920
Speaker 1: regrow whole bones after like our limbs, something happens to

500
00:30:56,960 --> 00:30:59,320
Speaker 1: a limb. You know, our bones can heal. You know,

501
00:30:59,400 --> 00:31:01,280
Speaker 1: if you've ever had a broken bone, you know that

502
00:31:01,320 --> 00:31:05,120
Speaker 1: whole process. But if a limb is amputated, the bone

503
00:31:05,200 --> 00:31:08,120
Speaker 1: doesn't just grow back along with the whole arm. Some

504
00:31:08,240 --> 00:31:10,840
Speaker 1: of our tissue does regenerate to some degree, like our

505
00:31:10,880 --> 00:31:14,000
Speaker 1: skin regenerates to some degree. But again, we're not growing

506
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:17,880
Speaker 1: back whole arms, and so why can't we do this?

507
00:31:18,320 --> 00:31:24,640
Speaker 1: While salamanders totally can. Uh. Salamanders can regrow whole body parts,

508
00:31:24,720 --> 00:31:27,360
Speaker 1: bones and all if they are lost, so it's legs

509
00:31:27,440 --> 00:31:30,120
Speaker 1: or tail, it can regrow. They are able to do

510
00:31:30,160 --> 00:31:33,600
Speaker 1: this trick by basically turning the cells at a wound

511
00:31:33,640 --> 00:31:38,360
Speaker 1: site into embryonic undifferentiated cells. So they revert to these

512
00:31:38,360 --> 00:31:44,000
Speaker 1: embryonic cells which can then uh be differentiated into any

513
00:31:44,040 --> 00:31:48,280
Speaker 1: type of tissue needed. But humans and other vertebrates can't

514
00:31:48,320 --> 00:31:53,280
Speaker 1: do this except when we're embryos. So, like I said earlier,

515
00:31:53,320 --> 00:31:57,320
Speaker 1: when we're embryos, we can regrow limb buds because we

516
00:31:57,400 --> 00:31:59,440
Speaker 1: have all of those stem cells, all of those like

517
00:31:59,720 --> 00:32:02,640
Speaker 1: base sally can be anything they want. Cells like in

518
00:32:02,720 --> 00:32:05,760
Speaker 1: the lego. Remember in lego, the movie to where it's

519
00:32:05,800 --> 00:32:08,040
Speaker 1: like I can be anything. I want to be the thing.

520
00:32:08,160 --> 00:32:10,360
Speaker 1: It's like the cells but then they're turning into bones.

521
00:32:10,720 --> 00:32:14,480
Speaker 1: Is this track? Do the kids like this? I don't

522
00:32:14,480 --> 00:32:18,560
Speaker 1: know if kids like this, but I think it makes sense. Yeah, yeah, exactly,

523
00:32:18,640 --> 00:32:22,280
Speaker 1: I'm I'm hip. I know the Lego movies. So also

524
00:32:22,880 --> 00:32:25,440
Speaker 1: not just embryos. This is a cool trick that young

525
00:32:25,560 --> 00:32:28,920
Speaker 1: children can do to certain extents. So young children can

526
00:32:28,960 --> 00:32:32,239
Speaker 1: regenerate the tips of their fingers much more easily than

527
00:32:32,280 --> 00:32:35,240
Speaker 1: adults can, so they can grow back the whole finger,

528
00:32:35,480 --> 00:32:38,520
Speaker 1: whereas as adults, we can grow back some of our

529
00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:41,120
Speaker 1: like the very tip of our finger. Again, don't try

530
00:32:41,160 --> 00:32:44,400
Speaker 1: this at home, guys. I cannot emphasize this enough. Please

531
00:32:44,440 --> 00:32:47,440
Speaker 1: don't try it at home. But yeah, children are much

532
00:32:47,480 --> 00:32:50,200
Speaker 1: better at growing back the tips of their fingers, uh,

533
00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:53,640
Speaker 1: because they have there. Like when you're younger, you just

534
00:32:53,720 --> 00:32:57,360
Speaker 1: have more ability to regenerate because you're growing, you have

535
00:32:57,480 --> 00:33:00,680
Speaker 1: more of these undifferentiated cells. But I think, like one

536
00:33:00,720 --> 00:33:04,360
Speaker 1: of the big questions is like why don't humans and

537
00:33:04,520 --> 00:33:09,160
Speaker 1: other vertebrates for that matter, like have these regeneration skills

538
00:33:09,200 --> 00:33:12,680
Speaker 1: that we see in salamanders, who are a vertebrate, but

539
00:33:12,840 --> 00:33:15,920
Speaker 1: are one of the rare vertebrates who can regrow like

540
00:33:16,000 --> 00:33:19,640
Speaker 1: whole limbs or even lizards who can regrow their tails.

541
00:33:19,880 --> 00:33:22,720
Speaker 1: There's like a mammal called the spiny mouse which can

542
00:33:22,800 --> 00:33:25,920
Speaker 1: regrow its fingers. Actually a lot of I think a

543
00:33:25,920 --> 00:33:27,840
Speaker 1: lot of mice can actually regrow their fingers, but the

544
00:33:27,840 --> 00:33:31,640
Speaker 1: spiny mouses especially interesting because it allows like whole chunks

545
00:33:31,640 --> 00:33:33,640
Speaker 1: of its skin and tissue to get pulled off. It's

546
00:33:33,720 --> 00:33:36,280
Speaker 1: if it's being attacked by something and then it can

547
00:33:36,320 --> 00:33:39,760
Speaker 1: regrow it. So we see this in a few animals,

548
00:33:39,800 --> 00:33:42,240
Speaker 1: but not in a lot of them, and especially not

549
00:33:42,360 --> 00:33:45,760
Speaker 1: in big animals like humans. It it seems like a

550
00:33:45,760 --> 00:33:48,600
Speaker 1: no brainer, like why wouldn't we want to regenerate arms.

551
00:33:48,640 --> 00:33:53,760
Speaker 1: Clearly the biological ability to do that exists, but we

552
00:33:53,880 --> 00:33:59,360
Speaker 1: just don't have that, which seems like a downer. But uh.

553
00:33:59,640 --> 00:34:03,440
Speaker 1: One of the theories is that scar tissue formation is

554
00:34:03,480 --> 00:34:07,920
Speaker 1: actually a positive trait that helps quickly seal wounds. So

555
00:34:07,960 --> 00:34:11,280
Speaker 1: if every wound site goes like the whole regeneration route,

556
00:34:11,560 --> 00:34:14,160
Speaker 1: we may not be able to close over that wound

557
00:34:14,239 --> 00:34:17,040
Speaker 1: fast enough to prevent infection. So if you have a

558
00:34:17,080 --> 00:34:20,520
Speaker 1: really big wound and you're really quickly sailing it with

559
00:34:20,560 --> 00:34:25,160
Speaker 1: a scar. That may actually improve your outcome in terms

560
00:34:25,200 --> 00:34:28,840
Speaker 1: of preventing infection, especially if you have a longer lifespan,

561
00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:32,120
Speaker 1: like something like a sea slug or a lizard or

562
00:34:32,239 --> 00:34:35,880
Speaker 1: a salamander or a mouse may have a shorter lifespan

563
00:34:36,000 --> 00:34:40,160
Speaker 1: in having and you know, are more preyed upon. So

564
00:34:40,320 --> 00:34:43,279
Speaker 1: being able to have this limb regeneration is a more

565
00:34:43,320 --> 00:34:46,640
Speaker 1: important evolutionary feature than to something like a human, where

566
00:34:46,840 --> 00:34:49,359
Speaker 1: you know, we we have longer lives, and so if

567
00:34:49,400 --> 00:34:51,760
Speaker 1: like every time we get like a wound or something,

568
00:34:51,880 --> 00:34:54,759
Speaker 1: it's like this long process of regeneration, we just have

569
00:34:54,840 --> 00:34:57,160
Speaker 1: this like baby arm that takes the weeks and weeks

570
00:34:57,200 --> 00:35:01,359
Speaker 1: to grow back, may actually be more difficult for us

571
00:35:01,480 --> 00:35:06,080
Speaker 1: to survive. Another issue is that regeneration of huge amounts

572
00:35:06,080 --> 00:35:09,240
Speaker 1: of tissue can actually increase the risk of cancer because

573
00:35:09,239 --> 00:35:12,960
Speaker 1: every time you have cell replication, there's a chance, very

574
00:35:13,080 --> 00:35:16,919
Speaker 1: very tiny chance of a mutation. But every time you

575
00:35:16,960 --> 00:35:21,080
Speaker 1: like spin that wheel, you may get a cancerous cell um.

576
00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:25,120
Speaker 1: So like if you have a whole limb regenerating versus

577
00:35:25,160 --> 00:35:28,520
Speaker 1: just like some of your skin healing, that's meant you're

578
00:35:29,120 --> 00:35:32,680
Speaker 1: rolling the like cell mutation die a lot more so

579
00:35:32,719 --> 00:35:36,680
Speaker 1: it may increase the risks of cancer. So like again,

580
00:35:36,719 --> 00:35:39,279
Speaker 1: like if you know, these kinds of traits would have

581
00:35:39,320 --> 00:35:43,960
Speaker 1: started popping up much earlier in our evolutionary tree, but

582
00:35:44,320 --> 00:35:46,480
Speaker 1: it would make sense if like our ancestors, it's like

583
00:35:46,520 --> 00:35:49,440
Speaker 1: they are starting to get longer lifespans and they're bigger,

584
00:35:49,880 --> 00:35:53,320
Speaker 1: and so like that playing with that number of cells

585
00:35:53,440 --> 00:35:55,759
Speaker 1: ended up just like if you were regenerating things that

586
00:35:55,800 --> 00:35:59,239
Speaker 1: would maybe end up giving you cancer before you know

587
00:35:59,400 --> 00:36:03,160
Speaker 1: it could serve you any purpose. Right, that makes sense.

588
00:36:03,160 --> 00:36:06,640
Speaker 1: They never would have thought that being able to regenerate

589
00:36:06,640 --> 00:36:09,359
Speaker 1: your limbs could give you cancer. So I'm glad. I'm

590
00:36:09,400 --> 00:36:15,440
Speaker 1: glad devolution for sparing us that particular indignity. Thank you.

591
00:36:15,560 --> 00:36:19,560
Speaker 1: Which is the thing about wolverine, like he should be

592
00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:25,480
Speaker 1: riddled with tumors. Yeah no, no, no no, no no, but wolverines,

593
00:36:26,600 --> 00:36:35,759
Speaker 1: uh powers killed cancerselves. I don't know, called salamanderine. I

594
00:36:35,840 --> 00:36:38,279
Speaker 1: think that's not as cool looking. And he wouldn't have

595
00:36:38,320 --> 00:36:40,840
Speaker 1: the claws. He would just he wouldn't have legs. He

596
00:36:40,920 --> 00:36:45,200
Speaker 1: just kind of screwed around. Have legs they do, They're right,

597
00:36:45,239 --> 00:36:51,239
Speaker 1: you're right, so trot around, right, Yeah, that would be

598
00:36:51,280 --> 00:36:56,800
Speaker 1: cute like a wolverine with little baby legs like fascinating.

599
00:37:01,440 --> 00:37:06,160
Speaker 1: What about brains? Can we regenerate brain tissue? The standard

600
00:37:06,200 --> 00:37:09,919
Speaker 1: knowledge is that only children generate new brain tissue as

601
00:37:09,960 --> 00:37:14,560
Speaker 1: adults are brains stop developing. Recovering from brain injuries or

602
00:37:14,680 --> 00:37:18,120
Speaker 1: stroke doesn't involve growing new brain tissue, but through the

603
00:37:18,280 --> 00:37:23,760
Speaker 1: art of neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to adapt

604
00:37:23,920 --> 00:37:28,399
Speaker 1: by rerouting neural connections and creating new neural networks using

605
00:37:28,520 --> 00:37:31,839
Speaker 1: old brain tissue. It's how you learn new things even

606
00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:34,839
Speaker 1: as an adult, and proves our brains are surprisingly good

607
00:37:34,880 --> 00:37:37,920
Speaker 1: at making do with what we've got. But the classic

608
00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:41,120
Speaker 1: idea that we can't regenerate neurons as adult is being

609
00:37:41,200 --> 00:37:46,080
Speaker 1: called into question by new research. When adult neurons are damaged,

610
00:37:46,280 --> 00:37:49,640
Speaker 1: they don't simply die. They may revert back to an

611
00:37:49,719 --> 00:37:53,760
Speaker 1: embryonic state, from which point they can regenerate and create

612
00:37:53,920 --> 00:37:58,840
Speaker 1: new connections. The real reason that brain tissue doesn't regrow

613
00:37:58,920 --> 00:38:02,719
Speaker 1: after brain enter according to new research, is not that

614
00:38:03,000 --> 00:38:07,880
Speaker 1: neurons themselves can't feel, but that the injured tissue surrounding

615
00:38:07,920 --> 00:38:11,800
Speaker 1: the neurons is too damaged to keep the neurons alive

616
00:38:11,880 --> 00:38:15,000
Speaker 1: long enough for them to feel. So now the question

617
00:38:15,120 --> 00:38:18,399
Speaker 1: medical researchers are tackling is how we might be able

618
00:38:18,440 --> 00:38:22,560
Speaker 1: to intervene by implanting a bio scaffold in the injured

619
00:38:22,640 --> 00:38:26,800
Speaker 1: part of the brain to foster neural feelings. Speaking of brains,

620
00:38:26,920 --> 00:38:30,160
Speaker 1: let's talk about one of the world's brainiest aquatic mammals,

621
00:38:30,280 --> 00:38:33,480
Speaker 1: the dolphins, who, as it turns out, shares more with

622
00:38:33,680 --> 00:38:47,520
Speaker 1: wolverine than aquaman. Dolphins are relatively large, so they don't

623
00:38:47,680 --> 00:38:51,800
Speaker 1: face many natural predators other than human boats and fishers.

624
00:38:52,239 --> 00:38:55,920
Speaker 1: But of course there are sharks. And while the conflict

625
00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:59,520
Speaker 1: between sharks and dolphins is by no means one sided,

626
00:39:00,200 --> 00:39:03,640
Speaker 1: dolphins are smart enough to tip smaller or younger sharks over,

627
00:39:03,719 --> 00:39:06,880
Speaker 1: which stuns them and allows the dolphins to mercilessly attack.

628
00:39:07,680 --> 00:39:11,120
Speaker 1: Dolphins do have to worry about attacks from large sharks

629
00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:14,160
Speaker 1: like bull Sharks are great whites. So what do you

630
00:39:14,360 --> 00:39:18,040
Speaker 1: do when your backyard is fall of sharks? So, Dave,

631
00:39:18,800 --> 00:39:21,279
Speaker 1: I think we take for granted that we don't just

632
00:39:21,400 --> 00:39:24,320
Speaker 1: have to encounter sharks all the time. You know what

633
00:39:24,440 --> 00:39:27,879
Speaker 1: I mean? Well, yeah, I mean they'd have a hard

634
00:39:27,920 --> 00:39:33,880
Speaker 1: time handling the surface world roller skates on roller skates,

635
00:39:34,200 --> 00:39:39,040
Speaker 1: put them in a radio flyer and pull them. They

636
00:39:39,160 --> 00:39:41,359
Speaker 1: just like are in a little wagon like and then

637
00:39:41,440 --> 00:39:44,480
Speaker 1: pushing it with their little flippers going I'm gonna get you,

638
00:39:45,360 --> 00:39:49,000
Speaker 1: gonna get you. I'm gonna get a lot of sharks

639
00:39:49,040 --> 00:39:56,759
Speaker 1: taking pitch for that, because okay, sharks literally, yeah, you

640
00:39:56,840 --> 00:39:59,000
Speaker 1: get it that that shark tank isn't just a bunch

641
00:39:59,040 --> 00:40:01,960
Speaker 1: of sharks. And then they have two buttons. Button one

642
00:40:02,080 --> 00:40:04,480
Speaker 1: is yes and button two is no, and then if

643
00:40:04,520 --> 00:40:07,359
Speaker 1: they press no, you get fed to them. And that's why,

644
00:40:08,640 --> 00:40:11,880
Speaker 1: you know, I feel like, you know, there was a

645
00:40:12,000 --> 00:40:15,200
Speaker 1: time when you could have like these very deep cable

646
00:40:15,280 --> 00:40:19,080
Speaker 1: channels where not a whole lot was on and you

647
00:40:19,239 --> 00:40:22,520
Speaker 1: just leave it on. Like I wanted to an extended

648
00:40:22,600 --> 00:40:26,480
Speaker 1: cable channel called shark Tank where it's sharks in the

649
00:40:26,600 --> 00:40:30,319
Speaker 1: tank and every twenty minutes or so they throw chum

650
00:40:30,440 --> 00:40:34,080
Speaker 1: into the tank and that would be relaxing. I think, Yeah,

651
00:40:34,120 --> 00:40:38,200
Speaker 1: I would enjoy that. Yeah, but I do love sharks,

652
00:40:38,440 --> 00:40:40,720
Speaker 1: But I also love that sharks are in the ocean

653
00:40:41,000 --> 00:40:44,160
Speaker 1: and not out of the ocean where I am. Um.

654
00:40:45,480 --> 00:40:48,640
Speaker 1: The threat to humans in terms of sharks is always

655
00:40:48,680 --> 00:40:52,400
Speaker 1: sort of over overestimated. Like, it's true that sharks do

656
00:40:52,880 --> 00:40:56,840
Speaker 1: very occasionally attack people, but the simple fact is we

657
00:40:56,920 --> 00:41:01,120
Speaker 1: are just not around them that much, so it's very rare.

658
00:41:01,719 --> 00:41:04,480
Speaker 1: And most of them, most sharks don't actually want to

659
00:41:04,600 --> 00:41:07,000
Speaker 1: deal with us, like, they don't want anything to do

660
00:41:07,160 --> 00:41:10,040
Speaker 1: with us. We don't we don't taste good like. They

661
00:41:10,080 --> 00:41:12,800
Speaker 1: don't seem to like how we taste like. They'll often

662
00:41:12,840 --> 00:41:15,400
Speaker 1: take a bite and be like, oh no, no, thank you.

663
00:41:16,440 --> 00:41:21,400
Speaker 1: So like often shark attacks are accidental, But dolphins, on

664
00:41:21,480 --> 00:41:24,959
Speaker 1: the other hand, are not only potential prey, but they're

665
00:41:24,960 --> 00:41:29,800
Speaker 1: also competitions. So dolphins and sharks get into fights sometimes.

666
00:41:30,280 --> 00:41:33,279
Speaker 1: And if you're a dolphin, you need some strategy for

667
00:41:33,560 --> 00:41:36,000
Speaker 1: living in this environment where you have a bunch of

668
00:41:36,320 --> 00:41:39,200
Speaker 1: body boys running around trying trying to chomp on you.

669
00:41:42,320 --> 00:41:46,960
Speaker 1: Another bad name. Let's move a punk band, though not

670
00:41:47,080 --> 00:41:55,360
Speaker 1: a metal band, you know what I mean. The boys. Um. So,

671
00:41:55,920 --> 00:42:00,400
Speaker 1: dolphins seem to be able to heal very rapidly from

672
00:42:00,560 --> 00:42:05,759
Speaker 1: severe shark bites and other injuries from observations, so this

673
00:42:06,280 --> 00:42:09,759
Speaker 1: is a pretty new area of research. How do you

674
00:42:09,840 --> 00:42:12,520
Speaker 1: study something like this? You can't just have a dolphin

675
00:42:12,600 --> 00:42:16,520
Speaker 1: in a lab and then hurt it, you'd be a monster,

676
00:42:17,400 --> 00:42:20,440
Speaker 1: and you'd go to jail. You'd go to dolphin jail

677
00:42:20,560 --> 00:42:23,759
Speaker 1: and human jail. Like I think I think everyone could

678
00:42:23,800 --> 00:42:27,799
Speaker 1: agree that just like hurting a dolphin, you know, intentionally,

679
00:42:29,840 --> 00:42:32,239
Speaker 1: you just go to jail, go to you know, So

680
00:42:32,400 --> 00:42:36,160
Speaker 1: we can't study it without being evil in a lab setting.

681
00:42:36,200 --> 00:42:40,719
Speaker 1: So it's all based on observations of dolphins. So these

682
00:42:40,760 --> 00:42:44,240
Speaker 1: observations seem to indicate that they can survive what seems

683
00:42:44,360 --> 00:42:48,520
Speaker 1: like it should be mortal wounds from a shark, and

684
00:42:49,000 --> 00:42:52,480
Speaker 1: they don't seem to bleed out. They seem actually really

685
00:42:52,840 --> 00:42:56,800
Speaker 1: surprisingly stoic. They don't seem to show a huge pain response,

686
00:42:56,840 --> 00:43:00,600
Speaker 1: at least visually, and they can heal back with minimal

687
00:43:00,840 --> 00:43:03,680
Speaker 1: changes to their body contour. So that means like there's

688
00:43:03,680 --> 00:43:06,680
Speaker 1: not a big like crater in their body. Like if

689
00:43:06,719 --> 00:43:10,279
Speaker 1: you've ever had like a nasty injury or something, you

690
00:43:10,360 --> 00:43:12,840
Speaker 1: know that sometimes your skin doesn't heal back all the

691
00:43:12,960 --> 00:43:14,800
Speaker 1: way to where it used to be. You can actually

692
00:43:14,840 --> 00:43:17,560
Speaker 1: have little craters or or bumps or something like that,

693
00:43:17,640 --> 00:43:20,640
Speaker 1: and that that's normal because like scar tissue doesn't necessarily

694
00:43:20,800 --> 00:43:24,840
Speaker 1: it's not the same as the tissue was beforehand. So

695
00:43:24,920 --> 00:43:27,759
Speaker 1: it's really surprising to be able to heal from a

696
00:43:27,880 --> 00:43:30,759
Speaker 1: grievous like a shark bite that takes a chunk out

697
00:43:30,800 --> 00:43:34,600
Speaker 1: of you and have minimal dimpling like that. Yeah, I

698
00:43:34,760 --> 00:43:38,640
Speaker 1: lost some skin from like getting cut with some glass

699
00:43:39,840 --> 00:43:43,680
Speaker 1: my ring finger, left ring finger, and it's healed. Did

700
00:43:43,760 --> 00:43:47,480
Speaker 1: healed fine. But it's always going to be kind of

701
00:43:47,600 --> 00:43:50,399
Speaker 1: dented and kind of wrinkly looking, like it's never gonna

702
00:43:50,480 --> 00:43:52,640
Speaker 1: go back to how it was because it's not the

703
00:43:52,719 --> 00:43:55,400
Speaker 1: same tissue, like you said, yeah, yeah, and that's you know,

704
00:43:55,520 --> 00:43:57,920
Speaker 1: that's that's normal. And when you think in terms of

705
00:43:58,160 --> 00:44:01,719
Speaker 1: our survival, it makes sense because you know, you don't

706
00:44:01,800 --> 00:44:06,000
Speaker 1: need necessarily your tissue to look exactly the same if

707
00:44:06,080 --> 00:44:09,000
Speaker 1: you're healing fast enough. But like if you're dealing with

708
00:44:09,320 --> 00:44:13,880
Speaker 1: a big, like a big chunky bite from a shark,

709
00:44:14,560 --> 00:44:17,800
Speaker 1: you don't Losing all of that tissue mass would be

710
00:44:17,920 --> 00:44:21,480
Speaker 1: harmful in terms of like your mobility, especially as a dolphin.

711
00:44:21,840 --> 00:44:24,399
Speaker 1: It makes sense that they would want to heal back

712
00:44:24,520 --> 00:44:28,720
Speaker 1: from this relatively well. And I have shared an image

713
00:44:28,760 --> 00:44:31,960
Speaker 1: with you I was. I did put a warning on

714
00:44:32,080 --> 00:44:37,120
Speaker 1: it that it is dolphin um dolphin stuff. I think

715
00:44:37,640 --> 00:44:39,400
Speaker 1: I might put this in the show notes, but I

716
00:44:39,480 --> 00:44:41,960
Speaker 1: will put a lot of warnings on it so people know,

717
00:44:42,520 --> 00:44:47,239
Speaker 1: because it shows pretty nasty, unpleasant looking, uh, injury on

718
00:44:47,360 --> 00:44:51,520
Speaker 1: a dolphin from a shark bite. And each picture is sequential.

719
00:44:51,680 --> 00:44:54,360
Speaker 1: So the last picture is the healed dolphin in the

720
00:44:54,440 --> 00:44:57,600
Speaker 1: first pictures, it's initial injury. And looking at this it

721
00:44:58,000 --> 00:45:01,560
Speaker 1: should it doesn't look like a surve livable wound. It

722
00:45:01,760 --> 00:45:05,279
Speaker 1: looks you know, this looks like a dolphin that is,

723
00:45:06,040 --> 00:45:10,280
Speaker 1: it's days are numbered. It's horrific. Yes, if you're wondering

724
00:45:10,320 --> 00:45:11,759
Speaker 1: if you want to look at it, because it's in

725
00:45:11,800 --> 00:45:15,960
Speaker 1: the show notes. Uh, don't like. I feel like Katie's

726
00:45:16,120 --> 00:45:19,080
Speaker 1: uh suggested a lot of truly horrible things for you

727
00:45:20,080 --> 00:45:22,960
Speaker 1: after this podcast is over and I have to be

728
00:45:23,040 --> 00:45:28,479
Speaker 1: the voice of reason and dolphin. Okay, okay, So don't

729
00:45:28,560 --> 00:45:34,000
Speaker 1: eat chicken bones and don't look at the bad dolphin pictures. Yes,

730
00:45:34,400 --> 00:45:39,719
Speaker 1: don't look at the dolphin picture. Please you google dolphin injuries. No,

731
00:45:39,920 --> 00:45:43,160
Speaker 1: don't do that. Uh so you put you on a

732
00:45:43,280 --> 00:45:47,160
Speaker 1: watch list if you do that, well, I'm probably already

733
00:45:47,200 --> 00:45:50,360
Speaker 1: want on one then. Oh um. But yeah, so the

734
00:45:50,560 --> 00:45:53,200
Speaker 1: reason I'm showing you this is not just to you know,

735
00:45:53,400 --> 00:45:55,759
Speaker 1: gross you out. Although that I gotta admit, maybe that's

736
00:45:55,840 --> 00:45:58,399
Speaker 1: part of it, but it is to show you how

737
00:45:58,760 --> 00:46:03,759
Speaker 1: incredibly good the dolphins healing is like it does. It's

738
00:46:03,800 --> 00:46:06,520
Speaker 1: not that it doesn't have scar tissue. It does, definitely

739
00:46:06,600 --> 00:46:09,719
Speaker 1: can see that in the last thing, but it it's

740
00:46:10,280 --> 00:46:13,200
Speaker 1: healed over and not only has it healed, but it's

741
00:46:13,280 --> 00:46:15,840
Speaker 1: filled in a lot of them missing tissue. So it

742
00:46:16,080 --> 00:46:20,360
Speaker 1: looks basically like like the the heel site looks like

743
00:46:20,440 --> 00:46:22,920
Speaker 1: it should have been just from a few scratches, not

744
00:46:23,200 --> 00:46:29,560
Speaker 1: from a shark literally taking a huge chunk out of it. Yeah,

745
00:46:29,600 --> 00:46:32,400
Speaker 1: it looks like I don't know, you know, the underside

746
00:46:32,480 --> 00:46:36,560
Speaker 1: of rug. You know, it's got the lake the material

747
00:46:37,160 --> 00:46:40,640
Speaker 1: so it doesn't slide the inside of a dolphin looks

748
00:46:40,680 --> 00:46:44,680
Speaker 1: like And it's interesting you'd say that because yeah, it's

749
00:46:44,719 --> 00:46:48,000
Speaker 1: not like this super bloody tissue. And that seems to

750
00:46:48,080 --> 00:46:51,600
Speaker 1: be that they're able to constrict the blood flow so

751
00:46:51,719 --> 00:46:56,239
Speaker 1: they don't bleed out due to these wounds. In terms

752
00:46:56,280 --> 00:46:58,839
Speaker 1: of how they're able to do this, obviously it's it's

753
00:46:58,920 --> 00:47:03,000
Speaker 1: hard to know through pure observation. There are some theories

754
00:47:03,160 --> 00:47:05,239
Speaker 1: that I read in terms of like being able to

755
00:47:05,320 --> 00:47:09,120
Speaker 1: prevent blood loss. It may be through similar mechanisms that

756
00:47:09,320 --> 00:47:12,600
Speaker 1: help them actually dive really deep, so they can decrease

757
00:47:12,680 --> 00:47:16,800
Speaker 1: their heart rate and constrict blood from their peripheral tissues

758
00:47:17,360 --> 00:47:20,279
Speaker 1: into the center of their bodies for deep dives, which

759
00:47:20,440 --> 00:47:23,600
Speaker 1: helps them cope with the pressures of diving without risking

760
00:47:23,680 --> 00:47:27,200
Speaker 1: the bins as they surface. But the blood constriction may

761
00:47:27,280 --> 00:47:30,279
Speaker 1: also help them like not not bleed too heavily if

762
00:47:30,320 --> 00:47:33,480
Speaker 1: they if it's shark takes a little nibble on them. Um,

763
00:47:33,840 --> 00:47:36,919
Speaker 1: the stoke pain response is more of a mystery. It's

764
00:47:37,080 --> 00:47:40,880
Speaker 1: just through observation. I don't know how they can possibly

765
00:47:41,000 --> 00:47:44,759
Speaker 1: know that the dolphins not in pain. I bet it is,

766
00:47:45,160 --> 00:47:48,120
Speaker 1: like I don't really know, you know. It's like you

767
00:47:48,239 --> 00:47:51,320
Speaker 1: can't ask a dolphin like on a scale of zero

768
00:47:51,440 --> 00:47:54,200
Speaker 1: to ten, like how bad is your shark bite? And

769
00:47:54,239 --> 00:47:59,440
Speaker 1: the dolphins going like like, we don't know. Is there

770
00:47:59,440 --> 00:48:02,480
Speaker 1: a way to an inter like their brain activity? Um,

771
00:48:02,920 --> 00:48:06,719
Speaker 1: possibly we would have to first like figure out what

772
00:48:06,840 --> 00:48:09,319
Speaker 1: their brain does while they're in pain, which brings us

773
00:48:09,360 --> 00:48:12,279
Speaker 1: back to the evil scientist thing again, Right, you'd have

774
00:48:12,400 --> 00:48:15,920
Speaker 1: to torture the dolphin to But I don't know. I mean,

775
00:48:16,000 --> 00:48:19,320
Speaker 1: like there's probably something more elegant like Um, if you

776
00:48:19,480 --> 00:48:23,560
Speaker 1: measure they're probably certain neurotransmitters associated with pain, like cortisol

777
00:48:23,640 --> 00:48:26,640
Speaker 1: and production and stuff. That's like that is a response

778
00:48:26,760 --> 00:48:29,320
Speaker 1: to feeling pain is and is the body's way of

779
00:48:29,400 --> 00:48:31,680
Speaker 1: trying to cope with the pain. So maybe if you

780
00:48:31,920 --> 00:48:35,719
Speaker 1: like take a blood sample and measure the level of cortisol,

781
00:48:35,960 --> 00:48:38,279
Speaker 1: maybe that would tell you something. I don't know. I'm

782
00:48:38,320 --> 00:48:41,440
Speaker 1: not a pain scientist, because as much as it sounds

783
00:48:41,520 --> 00:48:43,960
Speaker 1: like I'm an evil scientist on the show, I'm actually

784
00:48:44,040 --> 00:48:48,239
Speaker 1: not because I'm not a scientist. But um, in terms

785
00:48:48,320 --> 00:48:52,440
Speaker 1: of preventing infection, that's actually maybe an easier thing to answer.

786
00:48:52,680 --> 00:48:55,920
Speaker 1: Dolphin blubber which is the layer of fatty tissues and

787
00:48:56,040 --> 00:48:59,680
Speaker 1: dolphins blubbers also found in whales and other aquatic mammals

788
00:48:59,719 --> 00:49:06,279
Speaker 1: like eeals and walruses. So blubber contains antimicrobial and antibiotic compounds.

789
00:49:06,800 --> 00:49:12,200
Speaker 1: These compounds are called organo halogens, and they contain chlorine

790
00:49:12,280 --> 00:49:16,640
Speaker 1: molecules which actually works as a disinfectant again or or

791
00:49:16,880 --> 00:49:20,160
Speaker 1: organo halogens. That one, No, that's a hair that's a

792
00:49:20,239 --> 00:49:25,279
Speaker 1: hair band. Yeah, organo halogens. I can also see that

793
00:49:25,440 --> 00:49:29,040
Speaker 1: being like a crowd rock, uh, like a craft work

794
00:49:29,239 --> 00:49:34,560
Speaker 1: kind of thing. Yeah. Yeah, like everyone's stressed as name punk. Yeah.

795
00:49:34,640 --> 00:49:37,560
Speaker 1: And in terms of how they heal so well without

796
00:49:37,800 --> 00:49:42,400
Speaker 1: excess scar tissue or dimpling, researchers suspect it may be

797
00:49:42,560 --> 00:49:45,719
Speaker 1: due to better regeneration of the tissue that they may

798
00:49:45,880 --> 00:49:49,640
Speaker 1: have some of that salamander esque quality of being able

799
00:49:49,719 --> 00:49:53,600
Speaker 1: to have their tissue revert back to that embryonic state

800
00:49:53,960 --> 00:49:57,520
Speaker 1: and then heal um and so yeah, it's I think

801
00:49:57,560 --> 00:50:01,279
Speaker 1: it's really interesting that, especially to see this in such

802
00:50:01,320 --> 00:50:03,400
Speaker 1: a large animal, because I feel like it's usually the

803
00:50:03,560 --> 00:50:06,320
Speaker 1: smaller animals that are able to do these amazing feats

804
00:50:06,360 --> 00:50:11,160
Speaker 1: of regeneration. So having a big, highly intelligent animal being

805
00:50:11,200 --> 00:50:13,680
Speaker 1: able to do this, it's like, it kind of makes

806
00:50:13,719 --> 00:50:17,200
Speaker 1: me question why we're not better at it. There's a

807
00:50:17,239 --> 00:50:19,759
Speaker 1: lot of things I feel like humans should be better

808
00:50:19,920 --> 00:50:26,279
Speaker 1: at compared to dolphins. I'm just jealous of dolphins. They've

809
00:50:26,320 --> 00:50:28,560
Speaker 1: got a lot to offer. I mean, they're cuter than us,

810
00:50:29,400 --> 00:50:33,240
Speaker 1: They again care free living, don't have to pay taxes

811
00:50:33,840 --> 00:50:36,680
Speaker 1: to go to the gym to stay in shape. They're

812
00:50:36,760 --> 00:50:41,719
Speaker 1: constantly exercising. They're never not exercising, they're swimming all day.

813
00:50:42,000 --> 00:50:45,440
Speaker 1: Maybe we should make them pay taxes though, like why

814
00:50:45,560 --> 00:50:49,279
Speaker 1: is how is that fair? This is the platform of

815
00:50:49,360 --> 00:50:53,000
Speaker 1: the Republican Party. They think going forward is tax the dolphins,

816
00:50:53,040 --> 00:50:58,120
Speaker 1: don't tax me, tax and have the dolphins pick up

817
00:50:58,160 --> 00:51:01,839
Speaker 1: the We're gonna make the dophins pay for it. We're

818
00:51:01,880 --> 00:51:03,880
Speaker 1: gonna build a wall around the ocean and make the

819
00:51:04,080 --> 00:51:08,560
Speaker 1: dolphins pay for it. Before we go, I want to

820
00:51:08,680 --> 00:51:13,480
Speaker 1: read a really nice listener email. Um, so this is

821
00:51:13,640 --> 00:51:18,000
Speaker 1: from Evan and he writes, my name is Evan. He

822
00:51:18,200 --> 00:51:20,440
Speaker 1: him his and I want to say I love your podcast.

823
00:51:20,520 --> 00:51:23,400
Speaker 1: Thank you, Evan. I spent many years working as a

824
00:51:23,480 --> 00:51:27,279
Speaker 1: phish biologist for us FWS, working on e s A

825
00:51:27,440 --> 00:51:31,160
Speaker 1: projects involved with fish. Some of the work I did

826
00:51:31,440 --> 00:51:33,440
Speaker 1: for them required me reading up on some of the

827
00:51:33,560 --> 00:51:37,280
Speaker 1: first written accounts on what people were finding in rivers

828
00:51:37,360 --> 00:51:41,280
Speaker 1: in the Southwest. These were great biological writings that often

829
00:51:41,320 --> 00:51:44,000
Speaker 1: gave us insight into a healthier stage of the river.

830
00:51:44,560 --> 00:51:47,560
Speaker 1: And it was very interesting because many of the oldest

831
00:51:47,640 --> 00:51:52,000
Speaker 1: biological descriptions for fish in the Southwest also contained a

832
00:51:52,080 --> 00:51:55,279
Speaker 1: portion of the writing that described how they tasted and

833
00:51:55,400 --> 00:51:57,960
Speaker 1: the best way to cook them. For a group of

834
00:51:58,040 --> 00:52:00,920
Speaker 1: people trying to help save endangered species. We found it

835
00:52:01,120 --> 00:52:04,520
Speaker 1: very funny that the original descriptions of these often involved

836
00:52:04,719 --> 00:52:07,920
Speaker 1: how they tasted. So that was a long roundabout way

837
00:52:07,960 --> 00:52:10,600
Speaker 1: of letting your gifts from this episode. No, so I

838
00:52:10,640 --> 00:52:13,000
Speaker 1: think this was back. We did an episode and we

839
00:52:13,440 --> 00:52:18,600
Speaker 1: speculated around, like is it okay to wonder how animals taste?

840
00:52:19,040 --> 00:52:23,239
Speaker 1: Extinct animals or or other animals like tasted like dinosaurs.

841
00:52:23,280 --> 00:52:27,160
Speaker 1: I think we're wondering how dinosaurs tasted. Anyways, Evan writes,

842
00:52:28,120 --> 00:52:30,359
Speaker 1: so that that was a long roundabout way of letting

843
00:52:30,360 --> 00:52:32,080
Speaker 1: your gifts from this episode. Know that it's okay to

844
00:52:32,160 --> 00:52:35,720
Speaker 1: be thinking about how these species would taste. Uh. These days,

845
00:52:36,040 --> 00:52:38,360
Speaker 1: I have more time to listen to podcasts. The business

846
00:52:38,400 --> 00:52:41,279
Speaker 1: I started drinking horn Metery has me driving a lot.

847
00:52:41,360 --> 00:52:43,560
Speaker 1: In your podcast is a great way to get through

848
00:52:43,640 --> 00:52:45,600
Speaker 1: the miles and learn a bit while I'm at it.

849
00:52:45,680 --> 00:52:47,560
Speaker 1: If Stitcher let me put up reviews, you would have

850
00:52:47,640 --> 00:52:49,319
Speaker 1: a five star review from me. Keep up the good

851
00:52:49,360 --> 00:52:54,279
Speaker 1: work from Evan. Thank you, Evan, really sweet, Yeah, and

852
00:52:54,440 --> 00:52:57,080
Speaker 1: thank you. That is interesting to me that, like, I mean,

853
00:52:57,160 --> 00:53:00,520
Speaker 1: it's unsurprising. I guess that early biologists are like, oh wow,

854
00:53:00,600 --> 00:53:04,080
Speaker 1: a new animal, Let me put it in my mouth. Yeah,

855
00:53:04,120 --> 00:53:07,280
Speaker 1: I've never once thought like what is this animal taste?

856
00:53:07,320 --> 00:53:10,560
Speaker 1: Like what is a dog tast? I don't want to

857
00:53:10,600 --> 00:53:14,759
Speaker 1: find out. Well, not dogs, but if if you're like

858
00:53:14,920 --> 00:53:16,839
Speaker 1: if you've got like a new type of fish, it's

859
00:53:16,920 --> 00:53:19,800
Speaker 1: like pink and green, it's got weird spikes and like

860
00:53:20,320 --> 00:53:22,680
Speaker 1: saw blades for eyeballs, Like I don't want to know.

861
00:53:23,239 --> 00:53:26,120
Speaker 1: I'd want to know, like what's it hiding? What are

862
00:53:26,200 --> 00:53:31,960
Speaker 1: you hiding? What kind of delicious flavors are you hiding? Right?

863
00:53:32,000 --> 00:53:34,080
Speaker 1: Like I think Darwin ate a lot of the animals

864
00:53:34,160 --> 00:53:39,560
Speaker 1: he discovered to well, you know, look, some people are

865
00:53:39,600 --> 00:53:47,320
Speaker 1: afraid of research and knowledge, like me specifically. You're just

866
00:53:47,560 --> 00:53:50,120
Speaker 1: you're just upset that I want to eat a bunch

867
00:53:50,160 --> 00:53:54,839
Speaker 1: of undiscovered animals. I don't get what's there? What's there

868
00:53:54,920 --> 00:53:59,320
Speaker 1: not to love? Keeps are normal, these are normal behaviors.

869
00:53:59,400 --> 00:54:05,160
Speaker 1: These are feelings that everyone has, and it's my wanting

870
00:54:05,239 --> 00:54:08,520
Speaker 1: to eat iguanas is valid. I'm gonna stop king shaming

871
00:54:09,520 --> 00:54:12,640
Speaker 1: and I'm gonna allow you. I know I'm kidding again,

872
00:54:12,920 --> 00:54:18,799
Speaker 1: Oh that's what someone says when it's definitely not a king,

873
00:54:19,000 --> 00:54:22,759
Speaker 1: it's not a kid, it's it's not sexual in anyway.

874
00:54:23,760 --> 00:54:28,440
Speaker 1: When sexual. Yeah. I think that's a good way. I

875
00:54:28,480 --> 00:54:30,800
Speaker 1: think it's a good place in the podcast, don't I agree.

876
00:54:30,840 --> 00:54:33,200
Speaker 1: I feel like we've gotten just to the point where

877
00:54:33,560 --> 00:54:37,799
Speaker 1: this is still classy. We've just we've got We've come

878
00:54:37,880 --> 00:54:42,320
Speaker 1: to the line of it and like if we cross it, no, Anyways,

879
00:54:43,320 --> 00:54:46,720
Speaker 1: thank you so much for joining me today. I'm sorry

880
00:54:46,880 --> 00:54:51,160
Speaker 1: for you know, um, eating chicken bones while we're recording,

881
00:54:51,400 --> 00:54:54,040
Speaker 1: and for the pictures of all the weird things like

882
00:54:54,200 --> 00:54:57,200
Speaker 1: self decapitation. But I hope you learned. Yeah, absolutely, And

883
00:54:57,280 --> 00:54:59,200
Speaker 1: I think in the show notes for this episode you

884
00:54:59,200 --> 00:55:03,040
Speaker 1: should put time codes for every single moment when you

885
00:55:03,320 --> 00:55:06,800
Speaker 1: made me sick to my stomach, just so the audience

886
00:55:06,920 --> 00:55:11,799
Speaker 1: can skip ahead to the fun partis Yes, exactly exactly.

887
00:55:11,920 --> 00:55:15,120
Speaker 1: We will mark those down. Dave learned never to come on,

888
00:55:16,880 --> 00:55:21,960
Speaker 1: Dave learned Katie sucks, marrilettic chicken bones. Well, where can

889
00:55:22,040 --> 00:55:25,840
Speaker 1: people find you? Oh? At my house? Uh but even

890
00:55:25,880 --> 00:55:29,840
Speaker 1: on the internet, right, Okay, so at Dave underscore shilling

891
00:55:29,960 --> 00:55:33,520
Speaker 1: is me on Twitter? You can find out all the

892
00:55:33,600 --> 00:55:36,120
Speaker 1: things that I'm thinking about at three in the morning,

893
00:55:37,200 --> 00:55:40,160
Speaker 1: or just you know, jokes or promotion for all the

894
00:55:40,239 --> 00:55:44,520
Speaker 1: things that I'm doing. Uh, please please just seek me out,

895
00:55:44,640 --> 00:55:47,680
Speaker 1: find me, follow me and interact with me, because I

896
00:55:48,360 --> 00:55:54,719
Speaker 1: want to be your friend very much. That sounded that's nice,

897
00:55:54,800 --> 00:55:58,279
Speaker 1: that's lovely. Um. But so people can just show up

898
00:55:58,280 --> 00:56:02,759
Speaker 1: at your house, no, please don't. Uh yeah, And you

899
00:56:02,880 --> 00:56:05,919
Speaker 1: can find us on the internet at Creature Feature Pod

900
00:56:06,080 --> 00:56:09,120
Speaker 1: on Instagram, at Creature feet pot on Twitter. That's f

901
00:56:09,320 --> 00:56:12,640
Speaker 1: e a T, not f et. That is something very different.

902
00:56:12,920 --> 00:56:15,239
Speaker 1: And if you want to write in your very own

903
00:56:15,400 --> 00:56:18,720
Speaker 1: email to the show, you can write me at Creature

904
00:56:18,760 --> 00:56:23,520
Speaker 1: Feature Product gmail dot com. Right in your complaints about

905
00:56:23,560 --> 00:56:27,400
Speaker 1: all the chicken bone business. That's fine, Um, don't eat them.

906
00:56:27,480 --> 00:56:30,439
Speaker 1: Don't eat them? Uh, disclaimer because I don't want people

907
00:56:30,520 --> 00:56:32,560
Speaker 1: writing in I try to eat chicken bone now it's

908
00:56:32,600 --> 00:56:36,279
Speaker 1: lodged in my brain, all right. And then also, yeah,

909
00:56:36,360 --> 00:56:39,520
Speaker 1: thank you so much for listening. If you enjoyed what

910
00:56:39,719 --> 00:56:43,000
Speaker 1: you heard, please leave a rating and a review. That

911
00:56:43,120 --> 00:56:45,640
Speaker 1: really helps. I read them all. It warms my heart

912
00:56:45,719 --> 00:56:47,840
Speaker 1: and it helps out with the algorithm. If you didn't

913
00:56:47,920 --> 00:56:50,680
Speaker 1: enjoy it, you know you don't have to leave. Say nothing.

914
00:56:51,040 --> 00:56:55,600
Speaker 1: You can't say nothing. I won't stop you. But you're

915
00:56:55,960 --> 00:56:58,719
Speaker 1: it's Look, it's America. You can do whatever you want

916
00:56:58,960 --> 00:57:02,520
Speaker 1: thank you to this as Classics for the super awesome

917
00:57:02,600 --> 00:57:06,520
Speaker 1: song Exo Lumina Creature features a production of I heart Radio.

918
00:57:06,680 --> 00:57:09,080
Speaker 1: For more podcasts like the one you just heard, visit

919
00:57:09,120 --> 00:57:11,320
Speaker 1: the I heart Radio app podcast or Hey guess what

920
00:57:11,560 --> 00:57:14,920
Speaker 1: wherever I'm not going to judge. See you next Wednesday.