1 00:00:00,880 --> 00:00:03,320 Speaker 1: Hey there everyone, it's me Josh and for this week's 2 00:00:03,440 --> 00:00:06,000 Speaker 1: s Y s K Selex, I've chosen a two thousand 3 00:00:06,080 --> 00:00:10,080 Speaker 1: thirteen episode, How the Rosetta Stone Works. It's kind of 4 00:00:10,080 --> 00:00:13,240 Speaker 1: amazing actually that had it not been for this one 5 00:00:13,400 --> 00:00:15,920 Speaker 1: government decree that happened to be written in a few 6 00:00:15,920 --> 00:00:19,680 Speaker 1: different languages, we may never have figured out what the 7 00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:22,680 Speaker 1: heck hieroglyphics mean, and they would have been lost forever, 8 00:00:23,000 --> 00:00:26,640 Speaker 1: including the culture that formed the basis of a significant 9 00:00:26,680 --> 00:00:30,640 Speaker 1: portion of Western civilization. So check it out. How the 10 00:00:30,760 --> 00:00:37,040 Speaker 1: Rosetta Stone Works. Coming at you right now. Welcome to 11 00:00:37,040 --> 00:00:39,680 Speaker 1: Stuff You Should Know, a production of My Heart Radios 12 00:00:39,720 --> 00:00:47,919 Speaker 1: How Stuff Works. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 13 00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:51,000 Speaker 1: Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and this is 14 00:00:51,040 --> 00:00:56,160 Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know, the Overly Hot Studio Edition. I 15 00:00:57,000 --> 00:00:59,520 Speaker 1: have a bit of a chill now, you don't, I do. 16 00:00:59,600 --> 00:01:02,760 Speaker 1: I'm not at all hawk. Yeah. You also said hurt 17 00:01:02,800 --> 00:01:06,920 Speaker 1: when our new coworker shook your hand. So what does 18 00:01:06,959 --> 00:01:11,240 Speaker 1: that say that it has a strong hand shape and 19 00:01:11,240 --> 00:01:14,880 Speaker 1: you're always cold? Yeah, it's all these lamps in here. Well, 20 00:01:14,959 --> 00:01:18,160 Speaker 1: Jerry's decorated. It's nice. It is nice. It's just like 21 00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:22,679 Speaker 1: an ikea cattalog. That's right. Um, chuck. How many times 22 00:01:22,680 --> 00:01:27,560 Speaker 1: have you been to Egypt? Um? Kying that trip in 23 00:01:27,640 --> 00:01:32,039 Speaker 1: high school? Zero? Same here. Yeah, And yet we know 24 00:01:32,120 --> 00:01:36,800 Speaker 1: an awful lot about Egypt. Yeah, it's popular, especially ancient Egypt. 25 00:01:37,400 --> 00:01:39,720 Speaker 1: Like I would wager that we probably know more about 26 00:01:39,720 --> 00:01:44,160 Speaker 1: ancient Egypt than modern Egypt. Yeah, most people in the West. Yeah. 27 00:01:44,680 --> 00:01:47,640 Speaker 1: Is there a modern Egypt? There is, and it's undergoing 28 00:01:47,720 --> 00:01:51,880 Speaker 1: quite a bit of turmoil right now. Um okay, I 29 00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:53,600 Speaker 1: just wanted to make sure that you knew that Egypt 30 00:01:53,640 --> 00:01:57,320 Speaker 1: was still around. Yes, okay. Um. Well, the reason that 31 00:01:57,360 --> 00:01:59,880 Speaker 1: you and I know a lot about Egypt is thing 32 00:02:00,200 --> 00:02:03,560 Speaker 1: to a soft science, one of the humanities. You would 33 00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:08,359 Speaker 1: call it, um called egyptology, pretty on the nose name 34 00:02:08,440 --> 00:02:11,679 Speaker 1: for the study of ancient Egypt. Yeah, it's a real 35 00:02:11,960 --> 00:02:15,120 Speaker 1: popular thing and has been for a while a while, 36 00:02:15,200 --> 00:02:17,800 Speaker 1: but not too terribly long, I would say, about the 37 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:22,400 Speaker 1: beginning of the nineteenth century. Uh. And the reason that 38 00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:24,360 Speaker 1: all of it was foster than that all of it 39 00:02:24,400 --> 00:02:29,280 Speaker 1: came about and that we you and me know about 40 00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:34,320 Speaker 1: Egypt was because of the discovery of a tablet known 41 00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:38,000 Speaker 1: as the rosetta Stone's right, but you can also go 42 00:02:38,080 --> 00:02:39,840 Speaker 1: back even further and make the case that if it 43 00:02:39,880 --> 00:02:44,040 Speaker 1: wasn't for Napoleon Bonaparte, we may not understand Egypt to 44 00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:46,680 Speaker 1: this day. Yeah, that little guy, he wasn't that little though, 45 00:02:46,840 --> 00:02:49,440 Speaker 1: Is that right? Right? He was the average height? Why? 46 00:02:49,480 --> 00:02:51,640 Speaker 1: Why does why do people say that? Then? Where that 47 00:02:51,680 --> 00:02:54,200 Speaker 1: come from? Because some doctor wrote down I think upon 48 00:02:54,240 --> 00:02:57,480 Speaker 1: his death that he was five ft two. But what 49 00:02:57,600 --> 00:02:59,680 Speaker 1: a lot of people don't realize is that the doctor 50 00:03:00,080 --> 00:03:07,240 Speaker 1: was using the French inch, which is longer than the 51 00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:11,160 Speaker 1: British imperial inch. So when you translate five ft two 52 00:03:11,160 --> 00:03:14,280 Speaker 1: from the French inch to the imperial he was about 53 00:03:14,320 --> 00:03:17,720 Speaker 1: five six, which is average height. And uh. The other 54 00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:20,079 Speaker 1: reason why he was called like the little Emperor by 55 00:03:20,240 --> 00:03:24,760 Speaker 1: his armies was because compared to most of his bodyguards 56 00:03:24,760 --> 00:03:27,239 Speaker 1: and his people he had around them, he was shorter 57 00:03:27,320 --> 00:03:29,120 Speaker 1: than them. Yeah. I guess when you're five six, he 58 00:03:29,160 --> 00:03:32,040 Speaker 1: wants some six four dudes around you. So, but the 59 00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:34,320 Speaker 1: idea that he was a very short man is is 60 00:03:34,360 --> 00:03:36,840 Speaker 1: not correct. Yeah, I'd always heard that, but I didn't 61 00:03:36,840 --> 00:03:39,480 Speaker 1: know the story the French inch. There's your band name 62 00:03:39,520 --> 00:03:44,840 Speaker 1: for the day. Although I typically don't like rhyming names. 63 00:03:45,640 --> 00:03:49,400 Speaker 1: French inch doesn't rhyme, it's just it sounds similar. I 64 00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:53,160 Speaker 1: wouldn't call it a rhyme. French and inch. Yeah, French 65 00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:57,520 Speaker 1: of the e and the eye. Yeah, that's nipicky. Well, yeah, 66 00:03:57,800 --> 00:04:00,560 Speaker 1: it's the vowels that rhyme, that the content. Yeah, but 67 00:04:00,600 --> 00:04:02,520 Speaker 1: if you're Steve Maltmous and you put French at the 68 00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:03,800 Speaker 1: end of the line and an inch at the end 69 00:04:03,840 --> 00:04:06,600 Speaker 1: of another, it would be it would be rhymy, and 70 00:04:06,720 --> 00:04:10,800 Speaker 1: you'd sell a lot of records. That's right. Yeah. Um, yeah, 71 00:04:10,840 --> 00:04:15,800 Speaker 1: well there was our pavement reference episode. That's becoming a 72 00:04:16,040 --> 00:04:20,400 Speaker 1: daily thing too. So you want to get on with this, Yeah, 73 00:04:20,600 --> 00:04:22,960 Speaker 1: let's do it. We're gonna be talking Rosetta Stone, not 74 00:04:23,040 --> 00:04:26,520 Speaker 1: the language software, which neither one of us has ever used. 75 00:04:27,240 --> 00:04:31,040 Speaker 1: We're talking about the the real thing, which is actually 76 00:04:31,080 --> 00:04:34,520 Speaker 1: bigger than I thought. You know, many things are smaller 77 00:04:34,960 --> 00:04:37,400 Speaker 1: for me, like when you see him in person, Mona Lisa, 78 00:04:37,680 --> 00:04:39,880 Speaker 1: of course, Mona Lisa small. Like I went to England, 79 00:04:39,920 --> 00:04:43,159 Speaker 1: I was like big Ben, that ain't so big. Yeah, 80 00:04:43,360 --> 00:04:45,720 Speaker 1: I don't think I had the impression of big Bembo 81 00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:48,520 Speaker 1: just kind of underwhelmed. It definitely didn't seem big, whereas 82 00:04:48,520 --> 00:04:51,080 Speaker 1: the Eiffel Tower that was bigger than I thought. That 83 00:04:51,240 --> 00:04:53,520 Speaker 1: is where I developed a fear of heights that still 84 00:04:53,560 --> 00:04:56,760 Speaker 1: plagues me to this day. Like, it literally happened to 85 00:04:56,800 --> 00:04:59,560 Speaker 1: me on the Eiffel Tower on the way up. Never 86 00:04:59,600 --> 00:05:01,560 Speaker 1: had a few of heights in my entire life. On 87 00:05:01,600 --> 00:05:05,080 Speaker 1: the way down, I like was hanging on to the fence, 88 00:05:05,560 --> 00:05:07,680 Speaker 1: and it took me forever to get down because I 89 00:05:07,720 --> 00:05:10,680 Speaker 1: was suddenly deathly afraid of it just hit me just 90 00:05:11,320 --> 00:05:18,800 Speaker 1: my brain uh changed. How old were you? Uh? Seventeen? Is? Wow? Yeah, 91 00:05:18,880 --> 00:05:20,680 Speaker 1: I didn't go up to the top. I probably missed out. 92 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:23,040 Speaker 1: I didn't either. It was the first level that got 93 00:05:23,080 --> 00:05:28,280 Speaker 1: me really man. Wow, alright, so um, anyway, where was 94 00:05:28,320 --> 00:05:29,919 Speaker 1: I going? Oh, it's bigger than I thought it was. 95 00:05:30,040 --> 00:05:33,680 Speaker 1: It is um black basalt, and it weighs about three 96 00:05:33,760 --> 00:05:39,000 Speaker 1: quarters of a ton um inches high point five wide 97 00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:42,239 Speaker 1: and twelve inches deep. And it's it's large, it's heavy, 98 00:05:42,480 --> 00:05:46,560 Speaker 1: it's um. You didn't write this, did you know? No? Um, 99 00:05:46,600 --> 00:05:48,760 Speaker 1: it's about the size of a heavy coffee table. Were 100 00:05:48,800 --> 00:05:51,760 Speaker 1: you about to make fun of something? No? I was 101 00:05:51,760 --> 00:05:54,520 Speaker 1: just gonna say. Whoever wrote this reference referenced an L 102 00:05:54,520 --> 00:05:57,880 Speaker 1: c D TV medium size. Yeah, a medium screen l 103 00:05:57,920 --> 00:06:00,480 Speaker 1: C D television. Oh, by the way, thank you Teresa 104 00:06:00,520 --> 00:06:06,720 Speaker 1: Dove fan request. That's who requested this one. Yeah. Okay, so, um, 105 00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:09,400 Speaker 1: it's larger than I thought. And I learned a lot 106 00:06:09,400 --> 00:06:13,440 Speaker 1: about this. I thought the Rosetta stone because I'm a dummy, Um, 107 00:06:13,720 --> 00:06:17,240 Speaker 1: was literally like, here's what our alphabet is, and here's 108 00:06:17,240 --> 00:06:19,640 Speaker 1: what everything means. And now that you found it, you 109 00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:22,680 Speaker 1: can decipher everything. Yeah. I think I had the same 110 00:06:22,760 --> 00:06:25,960 Speaker 1: impression as well. Until I read this, I thought it 111 00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:30,240 Speaker 1: was like created as a key to hieroglyphics. Not at all. 112 00:06:30,400 --> 00:06:33,640 Speaker 1: Not so it was a government document. Basically, it's a 113 00:06:33,680 --> 00:06:38,479 Speaker 1: stella stella. Stella is the plural. And uh, it's not 114 00:06:38,560 --> 00:06:43,040 Speaker 1: just the Egyptians that use stella stella. Um, the minds 115 00:06:43,279 --> 00:06:48,359 Speaker 1: have largely been figured out. Their language has from old stella. Yeah. Um, 116 00:06:48,520 --> 00:06:52,640 Speaker 1: well and that's it. Those are the two that use stella. Yeah. 117 00:06:52,680 --> 00:06:58,799 Speaker 1: In this case, it's an inscription carved in three different languages, Greek, hieroglyphics, 118 00:06:58,800 --> 00:07:04,000 Speaker 1: and demotic t not demonic. Yeah, demotic. But since I'm 119 00:07:04,040 --> 00:07:05,880 Speaker 1: from the South, I saw fen my tea, so it 120 00:07:05,960 --> 00:07:10,040 Speaker 1: might sound like I'm saying demonic um. And basically it 121 00:07:10,080 --> 00:07:12,760 Speaker 1: was in the three languages to ensure that everybody could 122 00:07:12,760 --> 00:07:15,480 Speaker 1: read it because it was an official government decree. Not 123 00:07:15,560 --> 00:07:19,040 Speaker 1: super exciting though. No, it wasn't basically what the Rosetta 124 00:07:19,080 --> 00:07:21,360 Speaker 1: stone says. And like you said, it's in three languages. 125 00:07:21,520 --> 00:07:25,880 Speaker 1: There's a decree that says um, essentially that Ptolemy the 126 00:07:25,920 --> 00:07:29,960 Speaker 1: fifth is a great ruler and he is a righteous 127 00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:33,240 Speaker 1: worshiper of all the right gods, so he's okay in 128 00:07:33,240 --> 00:07:36,679 Speaker 1: our book. And this decree was made by some priests 129 00:07:36,720 --> 00:07:41,840 Speaker 1: who gathered at Memphis, and they um inscribed the stoner 130 00:07:41,880 --> 00:07:47,280 Speaker 1: had and inscribed and dated March. And it's not It 131 00:07:47,320 --> 00:07:52,840 Speaker 1: doesn't actually say March. Hieroglyphics. It says eighteen must sure, 132 00:07:53,160 --> 00:07:57,520 Speaker 1: which on the Egyptian calendar translates to something like um 133 00:07:57,680 --> 00:08:02,960 Speaker 1: March uh. And then they got the because somewhere in 134 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:06,880 Speaker 1: there the references the ninth year of Ptolemy the fifth reign, 135 00:08:07,480 --> 00:08:10,400 Speaker 1: which is about so that's where they got the date 136 00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:15,480 Speaker 1: from the what we would in the West equated to yeah, 137 00:08:15,560 --> 00:08:18,240 Speaker 1: so um, like we said, it doesn't say anything of 138 00:08:18,320 --> 00:08:21,520 Speaker 1: particular interest. At the time, it was an important message, 139 00:08:21,520 --> 00:08:24,880 Speaker 1: but it's not the Rosetta stone because of what is 140 00:08:24,920 --> 00:08:28,280 Speaker 1: transcribed upon that stone. No, it's the fact that it's 141 00:08:28,280 --> 00:08:31,760 Speaker 1: in three different languages exactly. Yeah. So there's, like you said, 142 00:08:32,000 --> 00:08:42,080 Speaker 1: hieroglyphics demotic and Greek, and hieroglyphics were a sacred um alphabet. Yeah, 143 00:08:42,200 --> 00:08:44,600 Speaker 1: they used that for really important stuff. So I didn't 144 00:08:44,600 --> 00:08:46,360 Speaker 1: know this either. I thought just any old thing they 145 00:08:46,360 --> 00:08:48,960 Speaker 1: wanted to write was a hieroglyph Now that's what they 146 00:08:49,000 --> 00:08:54,240 Speaker 1: had demiotic for or demotic that was kind of like 147 00:08:54,280 --> 00:08:59,520 Speaker 1: an abbreviated shorthand more vulgar version of hieroglyphics. Yeah. And 148 00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:04,760 Speaker 1: in between that was hieratic um, which was slightly more 149 00:09:04,840 --> 00:09:10,440 Speaker 1: complicated than demotic, but less complicated and not sacred like hieroglyphics. Yeah, 150 00:09:10,440 --> 00:09:13,520 Speaker 1: it was like a kind of a transition between um 151 00:09:13,960 --> 00:09:19,240 Speaker 1: demotic and hieroglyphics cursive, right, so you can um, so 152 00:09:19,320 --> 00:09:25,240 Speaker 1: you could use um hieratic for like a business transaction. 153 00:09:25,800 --> 00:09:28,160 Speaker 1: But if you were saying the king is a very 154 00:09:28,240 --> 00:09:30,439 Speaker 1: righteous ruler and you mentioned the gods, you're going to 155 00:09:30,520 --> 00:09:36,760 Speaker 1: use hieroglyphics, so to have it written in Greek uh demotic, 156 00:09:37,320 --> 00:09:40,720 Speaker 1: which was an offshoot of hieratic which was an off 157 00:09:40,720 --> 00:09:48,240 Speaker 1: shoot of hieroglyphics and um, hieroglyphics. These priests that gathered 158 00:09:48,240 --> 00:09:50,840 Speaker 1: and issued this decree that was written on the Rosetta Stone, 159 00:09:51,200 --> 00:09:54,120 Speaker 1: they made sure that everyone in Egypt two was literate, 160 00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:56,560 Speaker 1: could read this one way or another. Yeah, And it 161 00:09:56,600 --> 00:09:58,240 Speaker 1: was sort of not a stroke of luck. I mean, 162 00:09:58,240 --> 00:10:00,400 Speaker 1: it was just smart thinking at the time, but ended 163 00:10:00,480 --> 00:10:03,439 Speaker 1: up being a stroke of luck because the three languages, 164 00:10:03,559 --> 00:10:05,760 Speaker 1: I mean, without that, I don't think we we may 165 00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:08,240 Speaker 1: have never been able to figure out hieroglyphics. No, agreed, 166 00:10:08,320 --> 00:10:12,120 Speaker 1: and I've been lost forever exactly. Um. And that's that's 167 00:10:12,160 --> 00:10:14,480 Speaker 1: not the only way that the Rosetta Stone was kind 168 00:10:14,480 --> 00:10:18,319 Speaker 1: of a bit of fortune. But um. So the reason 169 00:10:18,360 --> 00:10:21,160 Speaker 1: that it was lost was up until the fourth century 170 00:10:21,600 --> 00:10:25,520 Speaker 1: a d any average Egyptian could have read the Rosetta 171 00:10:25,559 --> 00:10:29,679 Speaker 1: Stone one way or another. But after that the egypt 172 00:10:31,480 --> 00:10:35,480 Speaker 1: it left the pharonic stage. Cleopatro is the last pharaoh 173 00:10:35,480 --> 00:10:37,800 Speaker 1: of Egypt, and then it came to be ruled by 174 00:10:37,880 --> 00:10:43,200 Speaker 1: the Greeks. Later on the Romans, the Tlamites, um and 175 00:10:43,360 --> 00:10:48,199 Speaker 1: a bunch of different foreigners or different groups, and with 176 00:10:48,280 --> 00:10:52,400 Speaker 1: these groups came the introduction of new gods and the 177 00:10:52,600 --> 00:10:58,480 Speaker 1: suppression of old gods. And since hieroglyphics were um very 178 00:10:58,559 --> 00:11:02,920 Speaker 1: much religious nature. They're sacred or holy, but associated with 179 00:11:02,960 --> 00:11:07,000 Speaker 1: those old gods, hieroglyphics itself came to be cut off, 180 00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:11,880 Speaker 1: stop suppressed. Yeah, especially Christianity. Um. They tended to want 181 00:11:11,920 --> 00:11:16,240 Speaker 1: to get rid of other competing gods and languages that 182 00:11:16,240 --> 00:11:18,200 Speaker 1: are tied to those gods a right. But luckily we 183 00:11:18,240 --> 00:11:22,360 Speaker 1: still had Demotic, that's right. And Demotic wasn't taboo. Um. 184 00:11:22,400 --> 00:11:27,720 Speaker 1: That eventually became what's known as Coptic, and Coptic used 185 00:11:28,600 --> 00:11:31,320 Speaker 1: um some Greek um and then a little bit of 186 00:11:31,760 --> 00:11:34,840 Speaker 1: still of the hieroglyphic symbols. So there's still like this 187 00:11:34,880 --> 00:11:38,360 Speaker 1: is just a little bit, very tenuous link between Coptic 188 00:11:38,440 --> 00:11:42,160 Speaker 1: and hieroglyphics. But then Coptic is lost, it's pushed out 189 00:11:42,160 --> 00:11:46,320 Speaker 1: by Arabic. Yeah, and then that was like way gone, 190 00:11:46,400 --> 00:11:50,760 Speaker 1: goodbye hieroglyphics. That's it. That was like the hieroglyphics is 191 00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:54,600 Speaker 1: no longer understood by anyone walking planet Earth. And that 192 00:11:54,679 --> 00:11:59,800 Speaker 1: means that all of the ancient Egyptian civilization itself was lost. Yeah, 193 00:11:59,840 --> 00:12:03,839 Speaker 1: that and years aside from its structures. Um, the the 194 00:12:03,960 --> 00:12:07,120 Speaker 1: thought put into it, the reasoning behind it, all the explanations, 195 00:12:07,160 --> 00:12:09,280 Speaker 1: all of the inscriptions, all the writing all over these 196 00:12:09,280 --> 00:12:13,440 Speaker 1: ancient buildings are understood by no one now, and then 197 00:12:13,760 --> 00:12:17,320 Speaker 1: as a result of that, the buildings themselves, the last 198 00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:23,640 Speaker 1: vestiges of this ancient civilization, are deconstructed and used for 199 00:12:23,800 --> 00:12:28,319 Speaker 1: the next wave by new rulers, and so ancient Egyptian 200 00:12:28,360 --> 00:12:32,600 Speaker 1: culture is lost to to the mists of time. Yeah wow, 201 00:12:32,880 --> 00:12:35,760 Speaker 1: thanks very nice. Yeah, there was no love lost. They 202 00:12:35,800 --> 00:12:38,319 Speaker 1: were basically like, we don't need this language anymore, we 203 00:12:38,360 --> 00:12:41,520 Speaker 1: don't need these sacred buildings anymore. They're paying anyway, Let's 204 00:12:41,520 --> 00:12:44,640 Speaker 1: tear them all down, build up new ones. And oddly, 205 00:12:45,600 --> 00:12:49,520 Speaker 1: the Rosetta stone was actually used as a buttress in 206 00:12:49,559 --> 00:12:53,880 Speaker 1: a wall of a new building. Yes, so part of 207 00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:57,360 Speaker 1: the construction, right, that's how. This is another way that 208 00:12:57,400 --> 00:12:59,680 Speaker 1: this is all the stroke of luck after strokes of luck. 209 00:12:59,720 --> 00:13:02,080 Speaker 1: So the first stroke of luck, as you pointed out, 210 00:13:02,160 --> 00:13:04,880 Speaker 1: is that they just happen to decree that this thing 211 00:13:05,120 --> 00:13:08,880 Speaker 1: be written in three languages. Yeah, okay, same message in 212 00:13:08,960 --> 00:13:15,199 Speaker 1: three languages. Then it's used for a building a wall, right, Yeah. 213 00:13:15,480 --> 00:13:18,920 Speaker 1: Then it happens to be discovered by some French who 214 00:13:18,920 --> 00:13:22,520 Speaker 1: are marooned in Egypt because they got crushed by the 215 00:13:22,559 --> 00:13:25,240 Speaker 1: British right when they tried to invade. Yeah, I guess 216 00:13:25,280 --> 00:13:29,120 Speaker 1: let's talk about that person. The French thought, hey, we 217 00:13:29,160 --> 00:13:32,760 Speaker 1: need to we need to get a stronghold on India eventually, 218 00:13:33,120 --> 00:13:34,760 Speaker 1: and Napoleon said, I think a good way to do 219 00:13:34,800 --> 00:13:39,200 Speaker 1: that is to start a little further away, and let's 220 00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:43,480 Speaker 1: say Egypt. Let's cut off the the Brits access to 221 00:13:43,480 --> 00:13:46,640 Speaker 1: the Nile River and that will really help our cause. Unfortunately, 222 00:13:47,080 --> 00:13:50,600 Speaker 1: the Brits at a great navy and pretty much destroyed 223 00:13:50,679 --> 00:13:53,240 Speaker 1: all their ships and stranded them in Egypt for what 224 00:13:53,400 --> 00:13:56,840 Speaker 1: nineteen years? Yeah? Yeah, And so for the French, whose 225 00:13:57,040 --> 00:14:01,679 Speaker 1: ships were now at the bottom of Abu Here bay Um, 226 00:14:01,840 --> 00:14:05,320 Speaker 1: they decided that they really kind of needed to set 227 00:14:05,360 --> 00:14:11,400 Speaker 1: themselves to creating forts, like since we're here, right um. 228 00:14:11,440 --> 00:14:14,800 Speaker 1: And it wasn't just military that was there part of 229 00:14:14,880 --> 00:14:18,280 Speaker 1: this invasion, this um strategy that Napoleon had come up 230 00:14:18,280 --> 00:14:21,640 Speaker 1: with to take over Egypt, it was kind of a 231 00:14:21,680 --> 00:14:25,120 Speaker 1: hearts and mind strategy too, and so he created something 232 00:14:25,120 --> 00:14:27,760 Speaker 1: called the Institute of Egypt, also known as the Scientific 233 00:14:27,800 --> 00:14:34,479 Speaker 1: and Artistic Commission UH. Mineralogists mathematicians, art historians, of engineers, chemists, 234 00:14:34,880 --> 00:14:37,720 Speaker 1: all like all of these people from the letters and 235 00:14:37,800 --> 00:14:44,000 Speaker 1: sciences um brought together to understand and study Egypt. Yeah. 236 00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:47,040 Speaker 1: They were actually given military rank, but they weren't. I 237 00:14:47,080 --> 00:14:50,400 Speaker 1: think that was just more of a here, just so 238 00:14:50,480 --> 00:14:54,280 Speaker 1: we'll call you military, Like they weren't from military backgrounds, 239 00:14:54,360 --> 00:14:58,280 Speaker 1: so they're thinkers. But they were among this invading force 240 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:01,840 Speaker 1: that was less ended in France, so as the real 241 00:15:01,920 --> 00:15:05,000 Speaker 1: military guys were billing the forts, the people from the 242 00:15:05,040 --> 00:15:08,520 Speaker 1: Institute Egypt starts studying Egypt. Yeah, I guess they were 243 00:15:08,560 --> 00:15:14,320 Speaker 1: the first Egyptologists. Yeah. Boy, it was close. Uh, they 244 00:15:14,360 --> 00:15:18,160 Speaker 1: definitely were. Uh, and it was very covert operation, Like 245 00:15:18,160 --> 00:15:20,400 Speaker 1: they weren't really allowed to talk about what they were 246 00:15:20,400 --> 00:15:23,720 Speaker 1: doing that much except to just say, hey, we're following 247 00:15:23,800 --> 00:15:26,280 Speaker 1: Napoleon's orders, acting on behalf of the good of the 248 00:15:26,320 --> 00:15:30,000 Speaker 1: French Republic. This is what we're doing. Don't ask any questions, Yeah, 249 00:15:30,120 --> 00:15:32,040 Speaker 1: that's what. Don't ask why I have this measuring tape 250 00:15:32,040 --> 00:15:35,960 Speaker 1: out or why I'm transcribing things from papyrus. But they did, um, 251 00:15:36,200 --> 00:15:40,240 Speaker 1: they did become I guess, embedded with the local population 252 00:15:40,320 --> 00:15:42,400 Speaker 1: as well to help learn as much as they could. 253 00:15:42,840 --> 00:15:46,400 Speaker 1: And so it's under this climate that French soldier one day, 254 00:15:46,640 --> 00:15:53,080 Speaker 1: UM finds this very polished black stone that's inscribed and 255 00:15:53,200 --> 00:15:56,560 Speaker 1: something about it told him that it was pretty important. 256 00:15:56,640 --> 00:16:01,560 Speaker 1: So we took it to these um early gyptologists, the French, 257 00:16:02,200 --> 00:16:05,240 Speaker 1: and said, you guys think this is important and they 258 00:16:05,280 --> 00:16:10,440 Speaker 1: said yes, yeah. That was Lieutenant Pierre Francois Bouchard, and uh, 259 00:16:10,480 --> 00:16:13,040 Speaker 1: he took it to his boss and they they said, okay, 260 00:16:13,080 --> 00:16:14,960 Speaker 1: this is weird that this is built into a wall, 261 00:16:15,640 --> 00:16:18,960 Speaker 1: but it's clearly something of note and maybe we should 262 00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:22,280 Speaker 1: take a closer look at it. And um, immediately they 263 00:16:22,440 --> 00:16:25,240 Speaker 1: started to get to work on trying to transcribe it. 264 00:16:25,400 --> 00:16:28,720 Speaker 1: Super difficult at the time, um, and would prove to 265 00:16:28,760 --> 00:16:33,120 Speaker 1: be difficult over the years. UM. It eventually ended up 266 00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:36,920 Speaker 1: in the hands of England, of course, but luckily these uh, 267 00:16:37,080 --> 00:16:41,360 Speaker 1: the Institute of Egypt people made copies of it. Yeah. 268 00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:44,720 Speaker 1: I think that like etchings or the plaster molds and things, 269 00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:48,880 Speaker 1: I'm sure, yeah, but they had readable copies of the 270 00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:51,440 Speaker 1: Rosetta stone, so when they did give it up to 271 00:16:51,440 --> 00:16:54,880 Speaker 1: the British, it wasn't entirely lost to them, that's right, 272 00:16:54,960 --> 00:16:58,040 Speaker 1: and give it up as in not here have this. 273 00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:01,920 Speaker 1: It was more like here, we're making this in the 274 00:17:01,960 --> 00:17:04,360 Speaker 1: Treaty of Alexandria. We're gonna take this in a bunch 275 00:17:04,359 --> 00:17:08,639 Speaker 1: of other stuff. So now basically you have the French 276 00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:12,680 Speaker 1: and the British both have the Rosetta stone. The one 277 00:17:12,720 --> 00:17:15,320 Speaker 1: group that doesn't are the Egyptians, but we'll get to 278 00:17:15,359 --> 00:17:37,439 Speaker 1: that later. Both of them recognize that this is a 279 00:17:37,720 --> 00:17:42,640 Speaker 1: very very important something. They know that it's some sort 280 00:17:42,640 --> 00:17:45,480 Speaker 1: of decree. They recognize that it's in three different languages, 281 00:17:45,680 --> 00:17:48,399 Speaker 1: and I think it becomes obvious to them that this 282 00:17:48,440 --> 00:17:53,960 Speaker 1: could be the key to understanding higher glyphs, which people 283 00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:57,359 Speaker 1: have tried to understand. This is not new people going 284 00:17:57,440 --> 00:18:03,720 Speaker 1: back to a fellow named um Hoopolo who was a 285 00:18:03,760 --> 00:18:08,000 Speaker 1: fifth century scholar. Supposedly he may not have actually existed. 286 00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:15,199 Speaker 1: Um he created basically what was a translation for hieroglyphics, right, 287 00:18:15,640 --> 00:18:18,480 Speaker 1: but it was a false translation, as we'll see. But 288 00:18:18,960 --> 00:18:23,240 Speaker 1: you know, dating back basically from the moment that hieroglyphics 289 00:18:23,240 --> 00:18:27,320 Speaker 1: were lost to history, people have tried to understand them. 290 00:18:27,359 --> 00:18:30,160 Speaker 1: So these this this was the British and the French 291 00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:32,280 Speaker 1: were aware of this, like this may be the key 292 00:18:32,320 --> 00:18:36,439 Speaker 1: to these mysterious hieroglyphics and this is important, so we're 293 00:18:36,480 --> 00:18:38,600 Speaker 1: going to try to translate it. Yeah. Well it became 294 00:18:38,840 --> 00:18:41,760 Speaker 1: a race really because they didn't like each other very 295 00:18:41,840 --> 00:18:43,800 Speaker 1: much and they both wanted to be the first ones 296 00:18:43,880 --> 00:18:46,680 Speaker 1: to to figure out what these hieroglyphics meant and how 297 00:18:46,680 --> 00:18:51,080 Speaker 1: to unlock this history and um, so they sent their best, 298 00:18:51,080 --> 00:18:53,320 Speaker 1: in their brightest. On the English side, the British side, 299 00:18:54,000 --> 00:18:56,800 Speaker 1: it was a scholar named Thomas Young, and then on 300 00:18:56,880 --> 00:19:01,320 Speaker 1: the French side we had Jean Francois show Polion, who 301 00:19:02,720 --> 00:19:05,360 Speaker 1: he was sort of born to do this. Apparently he 302 00:19:05,440 --> 00:19:08,959 Speaker 1: was way into Egypt as a kid even and as 303 00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:11,040 Speaker 1: a young child said I'm gonna I'm gonna figure out 304 00:19:11,080 --> 00:19:14,240 Speaker 1: hieroglyphics one day. Yeah. He was even called the Egyptian 305 00:19:14,280 --> 00:19:18,080 Speaker 1: because he had dark skin and dark hair. And um, 306 00:19:18,119 --> 00:19:21,480 Speaker 1: I think a magician like foretold his fame one day. Yeah, 307 00:19:21,480 --> 00:19:23,960 Speaker 1: when he was born. Supposedly a magician said this guy 308 00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:27,320 Speaker 1: is gonna be famous, and and he was and um, yeah, 309 00:19:27,320 --> 00:19:31,440 Speaker 1: he was a very talented linguist. He studied under a 310 00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:39,360 Speaker 1: guy named um Sylvester de Sassy. Yeah, Antoine Isaac Sylvester 311 00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:43,400 Speaker 1: de Sassy. Uh, he um, who would take a crack 312 00:19:43,440 --> 00:19:48,399 Speaker 1: at the Rosetta stone. But he trained Uh Shampolion. Is 313 00:19:48,480 --> 00:19:53,119 Speaker 1: that how we're saying it? Well, yeah, sure he trained him. Um, 314 00:19:53,160 --> 00:19:57,119 Speaker 1: but Champoleon quickly became went from student to master. He 315 00:19:57,200 --> 00:20:00,160 Speaker 1: applied for he applied to be a student at an 316 00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:03,840 Speaker 1: institute in Paris, and they were impressed enough with his 317 00:20:03,880 --> 00:20:06,040 Speaker 1: application that they said, how about you just skip the 318 00:20:06,040 --> 00:20:08,800 Speaker 1: school part and come beyond the faculty. That's pretty good. Yeah, 319 00:20:08,840 --> 00:20:11,840 Speaker 1: that's a talented linguist. Yeah. They said the same thing 320 00:20:11,840 --> 00:20:13,840 Speaker 1: when I applied to Georgia. Is that right? Like you 321 00:20:13,880 --> 00:20:16,199 Speaker 1: just want to go and be an English teacher? Yeah? Na, 322 00:20:16,680 --> 00:20:18,520 Speaker 1: oh really you turned down? Huh sure I wanted to 323 00:20:18,520 --> 00:20:24,240 Speaker 1: be a student. Oh gotcha. Um. So before all this happens, Um, 324 00:20:24,320 --> 00:20:28,000 Speaker 1: we we have the Greek inscription transcribed, which that was 325 00:20:28,040 --> 00:20:31,440 Speaker 1: Reverend Stephen Watson in eighteen o two. And I don't 326 00:20:31,440 --> 00:20:34,200 Speaker 1: want to say it was no big deal, but there 327 00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:36,239 Speaker 1: were quite a few people that could have done this. 328 00:20:36,320 --> 00:20:39,720 Speaker 1: It wasn't like unlocking hieroglyphics, but it was a necessary 329 00:20:39,760 --> 00:20:42,560 Speaker 1: part of the process. So we want to give him 330 00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:44,760 Speaker 1: his due. So we have a we have a translation 331 00:20:44,920 --> 00:20:49,400 Speaker 1: and accurate translation of what the says exactly. So that's 332 00:20:49,400 --> 00:20:53,440 Speaker 1: step one. And if you have one translated, then if 333 00:20:53,440 --> 00:20:55,160 Speaker 1: you're a linguist, I guess. I mean it sounds really 334 00:20:55,160 --> 00:20:58,120 Speaker 1: difficult to do too. I mean it's I can't imagine 335 00:20:58,119 --> 00:21:03,440 Speaker 1: the painstaking the process of figuring out and alphabet. Yeah, 336 00:21:03,480 --> 00:21:05,119 Speaker 1: I mean, I think about how hard it is to 337 00:21:05,200 --> 00:21:09,600 Speaker 1: translate a well known language in a language that you speak. 338 00:21:09,760 --> 00:21:16,920 Speaker 1: Imagine translating uh, language that's totally lost into something understandable. Um. 339 00:21:16,960 --> 00:21:19,159 Speaker 1: So we had the Greek and then eventually we had 340 00:21:19,200 --> 00:21:25,240 Speaker 1: the Demotic as well. Um. Yeah, thanks to Yeah Antoine Uh. 341 00:21:25,280 --> 00:21:27,920 Speaker 1: And that same year, at the same time, a Swedish 342 00:21:27,960 --> 00:21:34,000 Speaker 1: diplomat named Aker balade Um also translated the demotic um 343 00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:36,639 Speaker 1: and they both went about it two different ways. I 344 00:21:36,640 --> 00:21:39,600 Speaker 1: thought this was pretty interesting. Yeah, So do saucy Um 345 00:21:39,800 --> 00:21:42,639 Speaker 1: figured out that there were two proper names at least 346 00:21:42,680 --> 00:21:46,840 Speaker 1: in there, Ptolemy and Alexander, and he used those to 347 00:21:47,080 --> 00:21:52,119 Speaker 1: match up sounds and symbols. Um Aker Blade probably had 348 00:21:52,160 --> 00:21:56,640 Speaker 1: the bigger breakthrough. He used a different technique. He recognized 349 00:21:56,720 --> 00:22:01,399 Speaker 1: that there was something similar between Demotic and Coptic, and 350 00:22:01,400 --> 00:22:04,800 Speaker 1: he was well schooled and Coptic, which helped obviously. Yeah, 351 00:22:04,840 --> 00:22:07,640 Speaker 1: that that was his big breakthrough. He he figured out 352 00:22:07,720 --> 00:22:11,000 Speaker 1: what words spelled love, temple and Greek, and he used 353 00:22:11,040 --> 00:22:16,080 Speaker 1: that to form basically this rough uh structure for Demotic 354 00:22:16,160 --> 00:22:19,160 Speaker 1: based on his awareness of Coptic. Yeah, that's only eleven letters. 355 00:22:19,160 --> 00:22:21,800 Speaker 1: That's pretty impressive. Yeah, but I mean, if you've got 356 00:22:21,840 --> 00:22:24,760 Speaker 1: eleven letters, that's a decent I think they called it 357 00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:27,520 Speaker 1: a skeletal outline. I guess that's what you'd have. Well, yeah, 358 00:22:27,560 --> 00:22:30,160 Speaker 1: I mean, especially since Coptic was only what twenty two 359 00:22:30,160 --> 00:22:32,959 Speaker 1: plus a couple more from hieroglyphics, it's like a big 360 00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:36,360 Speaker 1: wheel of fortune game, yes to that, right. So the 361 00:22:36,359 --> 00:22:39,960 Speaker 1: thing is, though, this established connection now between coptic and 362 00:22:40,040 --> 00:22:44,280 Speaker 1: Demotic and then Demonic and hieroglyphics, since they're side by side, 363 00:22:44,680 --> 00:22:48,119 Speaker 1: that kind of opened up this mentality that would be 364 00:22:48,160 --> 00:22:52,520 Speaker 1: needed to finally crack the hieroglyphics for for um, the 365 00:22:52,600 --> 00:22:56,160 Speaker 1: Rosetta Stone. And Thomas Young was the first to really 366 00:22:56,160 --> 00:22:59,520 Speaker 1: try it. He was the British guy, and he got 367 00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:04,560 Speaker 1: somewhat far, but he gave up. Yeah, he in eighteen fourteen. 368 00:23:04,680 --> 00:23:07,639 Speaker 1: His big breakthrough was figuring out what a cartouche was, 369 00:23:08,440 --> 00:23:12,400 Speaker 1: and that is Um, it's they say oval, but it's 370 00:23:12,440 --> 00:23:15,400 Speaker 1: a little more squared away with round edges. But it's 371 00:23:15,400 --> 00:23:19,040 Speaker 1: a loop basically with hieroglyphic characters in it. And he 372 00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:23,320 Speaker 1: figured out that these are not only proper names, but 373 00:23:23,440 --> 00:23:27,320 Speaker 1: royal names. Anything containing containing a cartouche is a royal name, 374 00:23:27,960 --> 00:23:30,840 Speaker 1: which was a big breakthrough because he identified tolem Me 375 00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:37,919 Speaker 1: the pharaoh's name in one of the car cartouches cartouche cartouches, 376 00:23:38,840 --> 00:23:42,480 Speaker 1: and uh, his queen Baronica was in there as well, 377 00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:44,840 Speaker 1: So he said, you know what again, I've got these 378 00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:48,080 Speaker 1: two names now to work with. Um. But he was 379 00:23:48,119 --> 00:23:53,119 Speaker 1: still working on Haro Polo's false premise that hieroglyphics was 380 00:23:53,200 --> 00:23:55,439 Speaker 1: not phonetic in nature and that it was based just 381 00:23:55,520 --> 00:24:00,080 Speaker 1: on symbols. Right, That's what Harropolo's big contribution was to 382 00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:04,639 Speaker 1: confuse a centuries worth of scholars. It's not bad for 383 00:24:04,760 --> 00:24:07,080 Speaker 1: young because he was onto something. And if he wasn't 384 00:24:07,160 --> 00:24:10,040 Speaker 1: using that the fake or or not fake but just 385 00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:12,280 Speaker 1: the poor system, then he might have figured it out. Right. 386 00:24:12,560 --> 00:24:15,800 Speaker 1: So this is the thing, like everyone believed Popolo. Because 387 00:24:16,040 --> 00:24:22,120 Speaker 1: Roppolo claimed that his translation was a direct translation from hieroglyphic. 388 00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:26,080 Speaker 1: It was written in the fifth century a d. Right 389 00:24:26,080 --> 00:24:30,119 Speaker 1: around the time we lost hieroglyphics, so it was considered 390 00:24:30,520 --> 00:24:38,320 Speaker 1: to be a primary source and basically completely reasonable. But 391 00:24:38,359 --> 00:24:40,920 Speaker 1: it was wrong. It was wrong because it said that 392 00:24:41,119 --> 00:24:45,840 Speaker 1: hieroglyphics are symbolic. So like, if you see a cart 393 00:24:46,600 --> 00:24:48,520 Speaker 1: a picture that looks like a cart next to a 394 00:24:48,560 --> 00:24:53,160 Speaker 1: cat and then a lizard, what that should say under 395 00:24:53,280 --> 00:24:59,360 Speaker 1: Hiropolo's translation is cart, cat lizard. This kept throwing everybody 396 00:24:59,400 --> 00:25:03,000 Speaker 1: off because it didn't make sense, especially right, especially when 397 00:25:03,040 --> 00:25:05,800 Speaker 1: compared to the Greek translation. In the translation of Demotic, 398 00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:09,320 Speaker 1: it didn't make any sense whatsoever. So, like you said, 399 00:25:09,359 --> 00:25:11,960 Speaker 1: Young gave up, but he published his findings, and you 400 00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:14,679 Speaker 1: can really strongly make a case that had it not 401 00:25:14,800 --> 00:25:20,199 Speaker 1: been for Young's breakthrough, Uh, Champolion would not have cracked 402 00:25:20,200 --> 00:25:23,720 Speaker 1: the Rosetta Stone. No, which uh we should mention here 403 00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:27,840 Speaker 1: that like they should just accept each other as as 404 00:25:28,040 --> 00:25:30,760 Speaker 1: co workers and colleagues and get along. But there was 405 00:25:30,800 --> 00:25:34,600 Speaker 1: a competition that exists to this day of who what 406 00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:38,480 Speaker 1: country claims that they translated the Rosetta Stone. The French 407 00:25:38,520 --> 00:25:41,399 Speaker 1: still say that champaign was really the one. The Brits 408 00:25:41,400 --> 00:25:44,280 Speaker 1: obviously say, no, it was really young, and even when 409 00:25:44,280 --> 00:25:46,840 Speaker 1: they displayed it in nineteen seventy two with the one 410 00:25:46,840 --> 00:25:49,320 Speaker 1: of the few times it's left England or maybe the 411 00:25:49,320 --> 00:25:55,119 Speaker 1: only time they let France display it for like a year. Um, 412 00:25:55,160 --> 00:25:57,879 Speaker 1: they argued about the size of the photos of the 413 00:25:57,920 --> 00:26:00,639 Speaker 1: two on both sides of it, when in fact the 414 00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:03,640 Speaker 1: photos were the same size of Young and Champollion. Yeah, 415 00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:07,360 Speaker 1: not photos but portraits. Yeah, But the French were like, well, no, 416 00:26:07,440 --> 00:26:10,320 Speaker 1: Young's is bigger. The Brits were like, no, his is bigger, 417 00:26:10,760 --> 00:26:12,400 Speaker 1: and they were the same size. So they were really 418 00:26:12,440 --> 00:26:16,399 Speaker 1: just they never came to a common ground on who 419 00:26:16,440 --> 00:26:18,240 Speaker 1: did it, when in fact they both did. And there 420 00:26:18,240 --> 00:26:22,119 Speaker 1: were rumors apparently during that time that France was going 421 00:26:22,160 --> 00:26:24,000 Speaker 1: to to steal the Rosetta stone and keep it and 422 00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:25,520 Speaker 1: not turn it back to England. And this is in 423 00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:29,080 Speaker 1: the nineteen seventies, so it's not like a long time ago. Um. 424 00:26:29,160 --> 00:26:32,280 Speaker 1: So Champagnon picked up in eighteen fourteen where Young left 425 00:26:32,280 --> 00:26:35,840 Speaker 1: off and started to think, you know what, I need 426 00:26:35,880 --> 00:26:39,879 Speaker 1: to think more about this this simple thing that Harapolo like, 427 00:26:39,880 --> 00:26:41,720 Speaker 1: I don't know if he he was on base after all, 428 00:26:42,280 --> 00:26:45,680 Speaker 1: And that was actually the breakthrough he um he got 429 00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:50,440 Speaker 1: some old cartouches, and he figured out, um, that the 430 00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:52,800 Speaker 1: last two letters and one of them were identical. So 431 00:26:53,720 --> 00:26:55,600 Speaker 1: that's a good thing because you know that it's the 432 00:26:55,640 --> 00:26:57,960 Speaker 1: same letter. He figured out that it was the letter 433 00:26:58,240 --> 00:27:01,600 Speaker 1: S and um. Then the first character was a circle, 434 00:27:01,640 --> 00:27:04,800 Speaker 1: and he said, maybe that's the sun and in ancient Egypt, 435 00:27:04,800 --> 00:27:08,400 Speaker 1: the sun god was raw and Coptic. Yeah, and so 436 00:27:08,960 --> 00:27:13,400 Speaker 1: basically figured out that that name was Ramsey's. Yeah. Then 437 00:27:13,400 --> 00:27:15,439 Speaker 1: that was a huge breakthrough. He figured out the the 438 00:27:15,520 --> 00:27:19,200 Speaker 1: identical letters, the last two were sas first one was 439 00:27:19,320 --> 00:27:21,520 Speaker 1: raw and since he knew that it was in a 440 00:27:21,560 --> 00:27:24,960 Speaker 1: cartouche that it was a royal name from that era, 441 00:27:25,080 --> 00:27:27,359 Speaker 1: the only person it could have been was Ramsey. So 442 00:27:27,880 --> 00:27:29,879 Speaker 1: that's how we cracked the code, like you say ye 443 00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:33,440 Speaker 1: and cracked it in like, hey, this is a phonetic thing. 444 00:27:33,760 --> 00:27:36,640 Speaker 1: He was wrong the whole time, and apparently he fainted 445 00:27:36,640 --> 00:27:40,320 Speaker 1: on the spot, which is dramatic. Yeah, I'm kind of cute. 446 00:27:40,400 --> 00:27:44,879 Speaker 1: He was French. Sure. Um. So out of that moment, 447 00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:48,880 Speaker 1: Egyptology was fully born, Like now we had a way 448 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:52,359 Speaker 1: to understand all this stuff that hadn't been destroyed and 449 00:27:52,400 --> 00:27:55,240 Speaker 1: reused as building material. Just took a long time though. 450 00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:57,720 Speaker 1: It wasn't like they could just read it. It still 451 00:27:57,800 --> 00:28:00,639 Speaker 1: took a lot of translating. Oh yeah, but they had 452 00:28:00,680 --> 00:28:04,720 Speaker 1: the basis. Um. Yeah, all they've done is transcribe one 453 00:28:04,840 --> 00:28:09,399 Speaker 1: single stella. They had millennia worth of things to like 454 00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:16,120 Speaker 1: papyruses and or papyri um and building inscriptions and sarcopha 455 00:28:16,119 --> 00:28:20,240 Speaker 1: guy and all the letters. Yeah, whatever you know. Um, 456 00:28:20,800 --> 00:28:25,440 Speaker 1: And so Egyptology is born, and now that it's understood 457 00:28:25,720 --> 00:28:29,240 Speaker 1: at that moment, there's also a great desire to protect 458 00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:31,880 Speaker 1: Egypt and all of its treasures. Yeah, and to get 459 00:28:31,920 --> 00:28:34,680 Speaker 1: things right because previous to that, in Napoleon and Gang 460 00:28:34,760 --> 00:28:38,040 Speaker 1: did a pretty good job. But they also speculated a lot. Yeah, 461 00:28:38,040 --> 00:28:40,200 Speaker 1: because they couldn't read hybrid glyphic. Yeah, so they ended 462 00:28:40,280 --> 00:28:42,200 Speaker 1: up correcting a lot of things about what they thought 463 00:28:42,200 --> 00:28:46,080 Speaker 1: about Egypt. And Um, like you said, they wanted to 464 00:28:46,080 --> 00:28:49,760 Speaker 1: protect things because Egypt at the time was I mean, 465 00:28:49,800 --> 00:28:52,480 Speaker 1: they were selling these things off to collectors left and 466 00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:54,880 Speaker 1: right because a they didn't know their true value and 467 00:28:54,920 --> 00:28:58,360 Speaker 1: be there was a market for it. Sure, doctors during 468 00:28:58,400 --> 00:29:02,120 Speaker 1: the Middle Ages who were just dummies would use mummies 469 00:29:02,160 --> 00:29:04,800 Speaker 1: from Egypt. Uh, they grind it up and use it 470 00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:09,200 Speaker 1: to cure disease, which didn't work, um, And so there 471 00:29:09,240 --> 00:29:17,360 Speaker 1: was this move to protect Egyptian antiquities from Egyptians. There 472 00:29:17,440 --> 00:29:21,080 Speaker 1: was kind of this patriarchal mentality, especially among the British, 473 00:29:21,280 --> 00:29:23,680 Speaker 1: that we need to get everything out of Egypt and 474 00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:26,760 Speaker 1: into museums and into like the hands of us, who 475 00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:29,720 Speaker 1: will preserve them and not sell them to Middle Age 476 00:29:30,000 --> 00:29:35,840 Speaker 1: or Middle Middle Ages doctors for cure alls. But to 477 00:29:36,360 --> 00:29:40,760 Speaker 1: his credit, in my opinion, Champoleon argued very strongly in 478 00:29:40,800 --> 00:29:44,720 Speaker 1: favor of keeping them, in founding a museum in Egypt 479 00:29:44,840 --> 00:29:47,440 Speaker 1: to store these, keeping them in Egypt. Yeah, I think 480 00:29:47,480 --> 00:29:49,800 Speaker 1: he was a little bit of a control freak, Like 481 00:29:49,840 --> 00:29:51,520 Speaker 1: he knew that he could care for things in the 482 00:29:51,560 --> 00:29:54,640 Speaker 1: proper way, and he I don't think he trusted even 483 00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:56,800 Speaker 1: other museums at the time to care for things in 484 00:29:56,840 --> 00:29:58,160 Speaker 1: the right way. And he was kind of right because 485 00:29:58,200 --> 00:30:00,600 Speaker 1: a lot of it was destroyed. Yeah, Like apparently to 486 00:30:00,760 --> 00:30:03,360 Speaker 1: preserve an ancient papyrus you have to store it in 487 00:30:03,440 --> 00:30:09,680 Speaker 1: a low humidity um area. Yeah, in a chamber, in 488 00:30:09,760 --> 00:30:14,000 Speaker 1: a in a bamboo box container. And they didn't know this, 489 00:30:14,080 --> 00:30:16,080 Speaker 1: and they shipped them by seed to the UK, and 490 00:30:16,080 --> 00:30:20,960 Speaker 1: they all like crumbled the nothingness on the way. Um. Yeah, 491 00:30:21,400 --> 00:30:25,920 Speaker 1: So the Rosettason still sits in the museum in London, 492 00:30:26,760 --> 00:30:28,720 Speaker 1: where it's been since eighteen o two, except for the 493 00:30:28,760 --> 00:30:31,200 Speaker 1: time it went to France briefly. Uh. And in two 494 00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:34,920 Speaker 1: thousand three, egypt I was like, you know what, I 495 00:30:34,960 --> 00:30:38,520 Speaker 1: want this thing back, not I, we want this thing 496 00:30:38,560 --> 00:30:41,760 Speaker 1: back and it's ours and it's I don't care who 497 00:30:41,800 --> 00:30:45,880 Speaker 1: found it, it's ours. And England said in two thousand five, 498 00:30:45,920 --> 00:30:49,720 Speaker 1: took him two years to build a replica and say, hey, 499 00:30:49,720 --> 00:30:52,200 Speaker 1: how about this, this is just like it. I guess 500 00:30:52,280 --> 00:30:53,920 Speaker 1: at least they didn't try to pass it off as 501 00:30:53,960 --> 00:30:58,360 Speaker 1: the real one. Well, yeah, that's true, um cinema replica 502 00:30:58,360 --> 00:31:00,720 Speaker 1: and they're like, I appreciate this, this is nice, but 503 00:31:00,760 --> 00:31:04,560 Speaker 1: we really would like the real thing. And England said no. 504 00:31:04,840 --> 00:31:08,320 Speaker 1: And not just England, but a lot of the big museums, 505 00:31:08,360 --> 00:31:12,000 Speaker 1: the Louvera and um, a bunch of the world museums 506 00:31:12,080 --> 00:31:15,240 Speaker 1: kind of all got together in support of one another 507 00:31:15,320 --> 00:31:19,680 Speaker 1: and said, you know what repaid repatriotation is. We're not 508 00:31:19,760 --> 00:31:23,040 Speaker 1: into it. We're just not gonna give things back anymore 509 00:31:23,080 --> 00:31:24,680 Speaker 1: because we can care for it best. It belongs to 510 00:31:24,720 --> 00:31:27,560 Speaker 1: the world now. And they just sort of banded together 511 00:31:27,680 --> 00:31:32,120 Speaker 1: and said, we're keeping our stuff. And that's I think 512 00:31:32,120 --> 00:31:34,760 Speaker 1: we're it's probably gonna stay. They are trying to get 513 00:31:34,800 --> 00:31:38,160 Speaker 1: it for a I think in two thousand twelve they 514 00:31:38,160 --> 00:31:40,360 Speaker 1: tried to get it for a the grand opening of 515 00:31:40,400 --> 00:31:43,000 Speaker 1: the Grand Egypt Museum. It sounds like it didn't happen, 516 00:31:43,320 --> 00:31:45,600 Speaker 1: But even then they said now they wanted for like 517 00:31:45,640 --> 00:31:49,000 Speaker 1: three weeks and they said nope, under the guys of 518 00:31:49,640 --> 00:31:51,000 Speaker 1: I don't know if it's guys, but they said, would 519 00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:53,239 Speaker 1: be too dangerous to transport it. That's the story they 520 00:31:53,240 --> 00:31:58,400 Speaker 1: have at least. Uh. So that's uh how museums work. 521 00:31:59,680 --> 00:32:05,360 Speaker 1: Pill and deny village and deny Um. You got anything else, No, sir. 522 00:32:05,560 --> 00:32:07,720 Speaker 1: That is the Rosetta stone, everybody. If you want to 523 00:32:07,800 --> 00:32:10,640 Speaker 1: learn more about it, you should type that word. Those 524 00:32:10,680 --> 00:32:13,320 Speaker 1: words are O S E T T A stone in 525 00:32:13,320 --> 00:32:15,680 Speaker 1: the search bar house to works uh and it will 526 00:32:15,720 --> 00:32:18,880 Speaker 1: bring up this article. And since I said search bar 527 00:32:19,200 --> 00:32:35,840 Speaker 1: means it's time for a message by m h uh, Now, chuck, 528 00:32:35,920 --> 00:32:50,240 Speaker 1: it's time for listener mail. Oh no, how about instead? Okay, 529 00:32:50,400 --> 00:32:51,959 Speaker 1: all right, for those of you don't know, this is 530 00:32:52,080 --> 00:32:55,640 Speaker 1: at the point where we read off the people who 531 00:32:55,720 --> 00:32:57,920 Speaker 1: were nice enough to send us little gifts and trinkets 532 00:32:57,960 --> 00:33:03,080 Speaker 1: and music and letters and all sorts to things, and um, 533 00:33:03,240 --> 00:33:06,160 Speaker 1: here we go. Go ahead, all right. Sarah send us 534 00:33:06,160 --> 00:33:09,720 Speaker 1: some cool graphic prints, one of which was you Can't 535 00:33:09,720 --> 00:33:14,320 Speaker 1: Take the Sky from Me from one of my favorite shows, Firefly. Yeah, 536 00:33:14,480 --> 00:33:18,480 Speaker 1: very cool prints. Amy sent us a lovely carved wooden 537 00:33:18,560 --> 00:33:22,600 Speaker 1: cicada from Timber Green Woods. Yeah, yeah, it's very cool. Uh. 538 00:33:22,640 --> 00:33:25,760 Speaker 1: And McDonough sent us a snoopy postcard and a handwritten 539 00:33:25,840 --> 00:33:29,479 Speaker 1: letter of thanks. Very nice. Uh. Liz from New Zealand 540 00:33:29,480 --> 00:33:32,920 Speaker 1: sent us a lot of stuff that's New Zealand candy, 541 00:33:33,080 --> 00:33:38,480 Speaker 1: New Zealand chocolate, New Zealand chips, surfboard, postcard, really lovely 542 00:33:38,560 --> 00:33:43,560 Speaker 1: frame photos from her dad, Rudy Goldstein photography that's on Facebook. Uh, 543 00:33:43,720 --> 00:33:46,920 Speaker 1: it's our Goldstein photography, so check it out. Yeah it's 544 00:33:46,960 --> 00:33:49,760 Speaker 1: very cool. I have those on my desk. Um. Sean 545 00:33:49,960 --> 00:33:53,200 Speaker 1: Antonia sent us some custom vinyls some stickers from eight 546 00:33:53,280 --> 00:33:56,200 Speaker 1: one one Graphics dot com. He and his brother. Yeah, 547 00:33:56,200 --> 00:33:58,480 Speaker 1: I had this company and that cool stuff like skater 548 00:33:58,520 --> 00:34:02,800 Speaker 1: style stuff. Right. Um, buy costumes dot com. It's buy 549 00:34:03,080 --> 00:34:07,120 Speaker 1: costumes dot Com sent us a full size adult gremlin costume, 550 00:34:07,600 --> 00:34:11,480 Speaker 1: which Ben Bowling wore all day yesterday in the office here. Yeah, 551 00:34:11,480 --> 00:34:13,040 Speaker 1: Ben Bowling from stuff they don't want you to know 552 00:34:13,080 --> 00:34:16,200 Speaker 1: and car stuff. He's weird. Did you see that? He 553 00:34:16,239 --> 00:34:17,920 Speaker 1: emailed me they did that? Did you actually see that? 554 00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:19,799 Speaker 1: I haven't seen a picture of them yet. I put 555 00:34:19,800 --> 00:34:21,719 Speaker 1: on the hand one day and try to creep out Strickland. 556 00:34:21,719 --> 00:34:24,040 Speaker 1: But he was like, that's not the first gremlin hand up. 557 00:34:24,080 --> 00:34:29,439 Speaker 1: Haddam my shoulder. Uh cat TP. Megan sent a cat 558 00:34:29,480 --> 00:34:32,839 Speaker 1: tpe my way because I have two cats and uh, 559 00:34:32,920 --> 00:34:34,640 Speaker 1: my big boy Lauren gets in it now. We call 560 00:34:34,680 --> 00:34:37,160 Speaker 1: it his spirit tent and he just hangs out in there, 561 00:34:37,239 --> 00:34:40,080 Speaker 1: and uh it's pretty neat. I mean it's what you think. 562 00:34:40,120 --> 00:34:42,160 Speaker 1: It's like a little small TP for your kiddie that 563 00:34:42,239 --> 00:34:44,279 Speaker 1: it's very cute. So if you have a cat, I 564 00:34:44,280 --> 00:34:48,359 Speaker 1: would suggest you buying one. Um, let's see, Susan sent 565 00:34:48,440 --> 00:34:51,439 Speaker 1: you a birthday card. It's a dog drinking beer. Yeah, yeah, 566 00:34:51,480 --> 00:34:53,840 Speaker 1: that was nice. Yeah it was Kellum Clark sent us 567 00:34:53,840 --> 00:34:57,400 Speaker 1: some T shirts. Um and he is a handyman in 568 00:34:57,400 --> 00:35:00,759 Speaker 1: Brooklyn and he gifted us two hours of handyman work 569 00:35:01,520 --> 00:35:05,080 Speaker 1: to give to someone. We know in Brooklyn. That's very 570 00:35:05,280 --> 00:35:09,120 Speaker 1: really cool. So I've actually texted our buddy Joe Randazzo said, Hey, 571 00:35:09,160 --> 00:35:11,400 Speaker 1: you need any work done? We have two three hours 572 00:35:11,400 --> 00:35:13,640 Speaker 1: of handyman work. So if you're in Brooklyn, you can 573 00:35:13,680 --> 00:35:17,520 Speaker 1: go to not just Handyman dot com and uh, give 574 00:35:17,600 --> 00:35:19,960 Speaker 1: kill him a call. He'll fix your sink or do 575 00:35:20,040 --> 00:35:22,359 Speaker 1: whatever what you need around the house. I guess what's 576 00:35:22,360 --> 00:35:25,200 Speaker 1: he gonna do for Joe. I don't know. Joe didn't respond. 577 00:35:25,400 --> 00:35:26,920 Speaker 1: What We'll go to Hodgeman next, I guess, and just 578 00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:29,279 Speaker 1: work our way down the lithu all the Hodgeman he 579 00:35:29,280 --> 00:35:31,080 Speaker 1: can afford to pay people, we should give it to 580 00:35:31,239 --> 00:35:34,719 Speaker 1: like some else. Okay, all right, I'll figure it out. Uh. 581 00:35:34,760 --> 00:35:40,120 Speaker 1: Clive Fantasy gave us some really cool Panama Canal postcards. Yeah, 582 00:35:40,200 --> 00:35:43,319 Speaker 1: that's her name, Rachel from Uber. Have you heard of Uber. 583 00:35:44,040 --> 00:35:46,400 Speaker 1: It's a it's sort of like a taxi cab service 584 00:35:46,480 --> 00:35:49,439 Speaker 1: now but it's town cars and they have an app 585 00:35:49,480 --> 00:35:51,680 Speaker 1: and you can like say just come get me now, right. Yeah, 586 00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:53,640 Speaker 1: he was telling me about that. Yeah, they sent us 587 00:35:53,719 --> 00:35:56,440 Speaker 1: Uber gift cards. Um, and I will send you your 588 00:35:56,440 --> 00:35:58,919 Speaker 1: gift code for us, like a hundred bucks and free 589 00:36:00,040 --> 00:36:02,040 Speaker 1: a lot. I know somebody's going to be going to 590 00:36:02,040 --> 00:36:06,240 Speaker 1: the airport for free. Yeah. Kristen Curran has been taking 591 00:36:06,360 --> 00:36:09,319 Speaker 1: us along with her on a tour of Europe. It 592 00:36:09,320 --> 00:36:15,400 Speaker 1: seems like we've got postcards from her from Edinburgh, Bruges, Amsterdam, Slovakia, 593 00:36:15,520 --> 00:36:19,319 Speaker 1: Berlin all over the place. Yeah, so thanks for those. Um. 594 00:36:19,400 --> 00:36:22,960 Speaker 1: We also got something from Threadless self designed t shirt 595 00:36:23,120 --> 00:36:27,560 Speaker 1: bigfoot cradling and alien lockness monsters in the background. Yeah. 596 00:36:27,600 --> 00:36:29,960 Speaker 1: There was also like men in black and an abduction 597 00:36:30,080 --> 00:36:32,799 Speaker 1: going on, all sorts of stuff. Very cool. Uh. And 598 00:36:32,840 --> 00:36:36,520 Speaker 1: then Kira Newron sent the wives some jewelry um and 599 00:36:36,600 --> 00:36:39,000 Speaker 1: you can visit her store. Thank you very much, Kira 600 00:36:39,600 --> 00:36:44,680 Speaker 1: at um Cariboo Classics dot Etsy dot com. So that's 601 00:36:44,680 --> 00:36:47,920 Speaker 1: that's our administrative details for now, right. Yeah, part one. 602 00:36:47,960 --> 00:36:50,359 Speaker 1: We'll have a part two, I guess on the next episode. Yes, 603 00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:53,719 Speaker 1: we will, where we'll cover music in books. Nice. If 604 00:36:53,719 --> 00:36:55,120 Speaker 1: you want to get in touch with us, you can 605 00:36:55,120 --> 00:36:58,040 Speaker 1: tweet to us at s y s K podcast. You 606 00:36:58,120 --> 00:37:00,440 Speaker 1: can join us on Facebook, dot com slah Stuff you 607 00:37:00,440 --> 00:37:02,239 Speaker 1: Should Know, and you can join us at our home 608 00:37:02,280 --> 00:37:07,840 Speaker 1: on the web. Stuff you Should Know dot Com. Stuff 609 00:37:07,880 --> 00:37:09,839 Speaker 1: you Should Know is a production of iHeart Radio's How 610 00:37:09,880 --> 00:37:12,560 Speaker 1: Stuff Works. For more podcasts for my heart Radio, visit 611 00:37:12,640 --> 00:37:15,040 Speaker 1: the iHeart radio app, Apple podcasts, or where ever you 612 00:37:15,080 --> 00:37:16,240 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.