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Speaker 1: Hey, Daniel, do you enjoy watching disaster movies? You mean,

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Speaker 1: do I like watching billions of people parish on screen?

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Speaker 1: Now you're making me feel bad about enjoying Titanic, But

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Speaker 1: I guess I mean, do you like the physics of

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Speaker 1: those disaster movies? So? Do you feel like it's always

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Speaker 1: implausible or impossible? Well? I feel like the solution in

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Speaker 1: those movies is always either nuke it or send Bruce Willis.

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Speaker 1: What's wrong with sending Bruce Willis? Is that physically impossible?

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Speaker 1: He's basically the human nuke. What about a cosmic space bananas?

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Speaker 1: Suddenly Korean stots Earth and crashes into our planet. Well,

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Speaker 1: I think then we have to send Bruce Willis with

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Speaker 1: a nuke to blow that thing up to make a

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Speaker 1: cosmics smoothie. Well, okay, So if you were in Hollywood

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Speaker 1: and you were pitching physics space disaster movie, what would

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Speaker 1: you pitch? Oh? Man, we have so many good ways

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Speaker 1: to end the world with physics. That doesn't make me

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Speaker 1: feel good. Hi am horror had made cartoonists and the

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Speaker 1: creator of PhD commist. Hi. I'm Daniel. I'm a particle physicist,

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Speaker 1: and I think about how the world might end. He's

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Speaker 1: an optimist, folks, I'm a planner. Is there such a

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Speaker 1: thing as an optimist physicist or are they all pretty

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Speaker 1: pretty down at the end of the university. No, we're

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Speaker 1: all optimistic because, you know, we're relying on society to

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Speaker 1: fund our abstract thinking about the nature of reality, the

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Speaker 1: universe and stuff. So you gotta believe in a sort

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Speaker 1: of educated, optimistic, forward thinking society for physics to even

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Speaker 1: be a thing. Always believe in other people's money. Yes,

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Speaker 1: you're optimistic. Model. If the world ends or society crumbles,

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Speaker 1: there's not going to be a lot of openings for

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Speaker 1: physics fessors in the end days. All right, Well, welcome

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Speaker 1: to our podcast, Daniel and Jorge Explain the Universe, a

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Speaker 1: production of I Heart Radio, in which we talk about

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Speaker 1: all the amazing and crazy and silly and bonkers things

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Speaker 1: space cheetos and giants, space bananas and talk about it

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Speaker 1: in a way that we hope you understand and enjoy.

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Speaker 1: And Bruce Willis, let's not forget Bruce Willis. He's in

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Speaker 1: the category of giantspace bananas, right, He's a kind of banana. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we talked about all the amazing things we know and

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Speaker 1: all the amazing things we don't know about the universe,

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Speaker 1: including some of the things we covered in our book

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Speaker 1: We Have No Idea A Guide to the Unknown Universe, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: in which we talk about all the crazy open questions

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Speaker 1: of the universe, basic stuff that we should know about

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Speaker 1: our cosmic neighborhood and our place in the universe, but

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Speaker 1: physics still hasn't figured out. Yeah. It's a book that, too,

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Speaker 1: I think, up until recently, has not been translated to

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Speaker 1: over twenty languages. So those of you out there listening

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Speaker 1: across the world, I'm sure there is a book version

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Speaker 1: of this book in your languae. Have you read it

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Speaker 1: in any of the other languages. I've read them on

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Speaker 1: in all the different languages. I don't understanding of it,

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Speaker 1: but I think I had a pretty good idea of

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Speaker 1: what we wrote. I just wonder how all of our

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Speaker 1: bad puns were translated, like to Korean. Seems to me

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Speaker 1: like an impossible tath does yeah does graphical puns? I

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Speaker 1: think that's what you mean. No, it's a fun book,

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Speaker 1: and it talks about all the things that we don't

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Speaker 1: know about the universe and the ways we might figure

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Speaker 1: them out. One thing we didn't talk about in the book, though,

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Speaker 1: is how humanity might end. That's what we talked a

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Speaker 1: bit about, how the universe might end. But there's a

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Speaker 1: lot that can happen before the universe ends. You're thinking

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Speaker 1: they're not the same thing. You don't think humans are

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Speaker 1: gonna make it all the way. I'm thinking that when

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Speaker 1: we end, the universe ends for us, because we're going

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Speaker 1: to cause the end of the universe, nothing else matters.

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Speaker 1: That's right. I wouldn't put it past physicists to sort

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Speaker 1: of converge to those two things. I knew you were

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Speaker 1: going to paint it on physicists. You know, if somebody's

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Speaker 1: going to cause the end of the universe, I'm gonna

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Speaker 1: blame politicians, not physicists, really not physicists. It's not going

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Speaker 1: to be a physicist pressing that big red button you

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Speaker 1: know that launches the death device, the doomsday device that

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Speaker 1: creates the cosmic instability that you know, ruins the structure

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Speaker 1: of space, time or whatever. Yeah, you're right, I'll give

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Speaker 1: you that. It's probably going to be the physicist grad

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Speaker 1: student prescent accidentally putting their coffee down on the button. Oops,

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Speaker 1: what was that? But yeah, today's podcast, we'll be getting

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Speaker 1: into a topic that a little bit dark about the

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Speaker 1: outlook for humanity. Yeah, we pay attention to our listeners

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Speaker 1: and we read everything you guys write to us on

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Speaker 1: email and on Twitter. So if you have a question

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Speaker 1: about the universe or how humanity might end, or something

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Speaker 1: you heard about you didn't understand, please send it to us.

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Speaker 1: But this episode is in response to a very specific

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Speaker 1: question that came in from listeners about different ways that

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Speaker 1: physics might kill you, and not just from boredom, right,

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Speaker 1: not just from just kidding. No, physics is very exciting,

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Speaker 1: and Jason had a very interest think question here because

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Speaker 1: he envisions four ways in which physics could possibly end

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Speaker 1: the world as we know it and possibly the universe.

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Speaker 1: Do you think or just just the Earth? I think

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Speaker 1: probably just the Earth or just humanity. I think in

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Speaker 1: all these four scenarios, the universe will truck on even

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Speaker 1: if humanity is extinguished. And what do you think Jason

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Speaker 1: is thinking here? Do you think he's worried about these

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Speaker 1: things happening? Do you think he is trying to cause

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Speaker 1: these things to happen? Perhaps hopefully not. Yeah, this is

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Speaker 1: a similar quanity. Um, I'm not sure if in answering

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Speaker 1: his question, we are enabling a super villain who's making

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Speaker 1: plans to sort of ring humanity, or maybe somebody who's

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Speaker 1: like planning to protect humanity against the coming of potential supervillains.

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Speaker 1: This classic question in philosophy. You know, by creating technology

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Speaker 1: and spreading knowledge, are you enabling war or preventing it?

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Speaker 1: Do you think Jason might be the Bruce Willis of

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Speaker 1: Twitter or he might be the lex Luthor right, one

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Speaker 1: of those two. Either way, we're gonna answer your question,

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Speaker 1: Jason and Hope for the best and so to be.

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Speaker 1: On the podcast, we'll be asking the question, what are

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Speaker 1: four ways which physics could end the world? And we've

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Speaker 1: got more than four ways, we only have time, right,

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Speaker 1: we're under we're only explaining four of them today. That's right.

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Speaker 1: This is the top four of a very very long

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Speaker 1: list of ways to kill everybody on Earth using physics.

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Speaker 1: These are the top just because these are the ones

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Speaker 1: Jason picked. Or do you do you think Jason nailed

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Speaker 1: the four most concerning ways that physics could end the world. Oh,

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Speaker 1: I think it's like a thousand way tie for first place.

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Speaker 1: But these are the four of the Jason thought about.

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Speaker 1: I guess I guess if it ends the world, it's

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Speaker 1: they're all equally bad, right, right, We're equally good for somebody,

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Speaker 1: not us. No, but these are four very creative ways

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Speaker 1: to potentially kill off humanity, and they probe sort of

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Speaker 1: an understanding of the nature of matter and gravity and

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Speaker 1: electron on and all that stuff. So I thought it

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Speaker 1: would be a lot of fun to go through them

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Speaker 1: and really think about the physics of what would happen

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Speaker 1: in each scenario. So this is what Jason wrote in

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Speaker 1: his tweet. He wrote, rate these events from most catastrophic

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Speaker 1: to least. Number one, gravity turns off for three seconds

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Speaker 1: and then back on. Number two, the Earth suddenly starts

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Speaker 1: spinning backwards. Number three, every electron within one light year

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Speaker 1: of Earth suddenly disappears. Number four the Sun shuts down

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Speaker 1: for two weeks, and then he later clarified that it's

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Speaker 1: still there, but it's just sort of turned off and

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Speaker 1: went dark. It winks for two weeks. That's a long week, man,

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Speaker 1: it's very specific to two weeks. It's like, you know,

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Speaker 1: not you know, three weeks, not you know, sixteen days.

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Speaker 1: He's like, it sounds like he's planning for this. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he's making some specific plans. These are not just arbitrary numbers,

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Speaker 1: you know. I think he's really tuned. These catastrophic events

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Speaker 1: makes me wonder about how much planning he's done. Well.

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Speaker 1: I think it's pretty cool that one of our listeners

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Speaker 1: sort of sat around, you know, and thought of all

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Speaker 1: these all the things that could happen in the universe,

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Speaker 1: and wondered what how these things were possible and how

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Speaker 1: they would affect us. Yeah, and I think a lot

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Speaker 1: of these have sort of physics implications that you might

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Speaker 1: not think of when you first hear it. There's an

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Speaker 1: initial idea and then there's some subtlety to each one.

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Speaker 1: So they're awesome not just because they might cause the

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Speaker 1: death of billions of people, but they might along the

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Speaker 1: way teach those billions of people something about physics. They

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Speaker 1: all sound pretty I'm not sure how to say this,

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Speaker 1: were you gonna say plausible? That sounds uh, It sort

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Speaker 1: of sounds like the plot of a of a spy

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Speaker 1: movie or a disaster movie, you know. Yeah, a lot

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Speaker 1: of these movies start off with some catastrophic event or

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Speaker 1: some dramatic event that makes you wonder like, oh, how

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Speaker 1: did that happen? Or how did the aliens get control

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Speaker 1: of gravity, or you know, who's who's deleting all these

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Speaker 1: electrons from the universe or something. But most of these

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Speaker 1: movies end up unsatisfying, and they're like, Oh, it's the

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Speaker 1: infinitely folding proton, they can do anything or something. Oh

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Speaker 1: I see or dark matter. Always go with dark matter

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Speaker 1: or quantum realm. That's matter. Oh man, don't get me

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Speaker 1: started on the science fiction novels that lean on dark matter.

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Speaker 1: You go to a dark place, do I recently read

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Speaker 1: Dark Matter by Blake Crouch, and it basically has nothing

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Speaker 1: to do with dark matter. You think he just meant

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Speaker 1: like matters that are dark. I don't know what he meant.

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Speaker 1: It's really more about the quantum multiverse. It's like the

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Speaker 1: many worlds theory. So dark matter. I think it was

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Speaker 1: just like random clickbait physics title. Maybe we should. This

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Speaker 1: is not fair though, for me to criticize him. Blake Crouch,

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Speaker 1: if you're a listener, please come on the podcast and

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Speaker 1: argue with me about the science in your novel. Invitation

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Speaker 1: extended today, we'll uh it's going to be a little

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Speaker 1: bit of a different episodes, so we're going to tackle

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Speaker 1: each of these possible scenarios that Jason came up with,

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Speaker 1: and we're going to ask people on the street what

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Speaker 1: they think of it, and we're going to try to

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Speaker 1: explain what would happen if these things actually happened. That's right.

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Speaker 1: So I had the hilarious and enjoyable task and walking

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Speaker 1: around campus that use the irvine and asking people what

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Speaker 1: they thought would happen in these catastrophic scenarios. And the

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Speaker 1: people look at you with a fear in their eyes,

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Speaker 1: or were they amuse they run away. They didn't look

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Speaker 1: at me the way we sort of mentally looked at

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Speaker 1: Jason for posing these questions. They weren't worried that I

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Speaker 1: was planning to enact any of these scenarios. Um. I

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Speaker 1: think they enjoyed thinking about them. Yeah. All right, well

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Speaker 1: let's tackle these one at a time. And so we'll

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Speaker 1: start with Jason's number one on the Liz, which is

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Speaker 1: what would happen if gravity turns off for three seconds

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Speaker 1: and then it turns back on. Here's what people had

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Speaker 1: to say, what do you think would happen if a

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Speaker 1: gravity just shut off for like three seconds? People, I

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Speaker 1: think would be flying up the buildings. I think like

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Speaker 1: if their foundations are strong enough, they would stay here

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Speaker 1: on the Earth. But the people would like fly up

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Speaker 1: for a little bit and then when the gravity is

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Speaker 1: back on, they'll fall down. If there's no gravities, that

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Speaker 1: means the Earth cannot held us everyone. Maybe we'll just

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Speaker 1: fly to the sky and three seconds and after Suicidon

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Speaker 1: gras back, we will just about what do you think

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Speaker 1: it's pretty realistic with people envision. Yeah. Mostly I think

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Speaker 1: people think about the immediate thing that they are being

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Speaker 1: held to the Earth, and then that would stop if

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Speaker 1: gravity was turned off, And then they're worried about, you know,

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Speaker 1: like how high up are you going to get? And

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Speaker 1: how catastrophic would it be a gravity turned back on. Well,

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Speaker 1: this is an interesting scenario, I guess. I guess we

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Speaker 1: all sort of wonder what would happen if gravity didn't exist.

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Speaker 1: But I think he's he's asking what would happen if

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Speaker 1: it's suddenly turned off, Like one second we have gravity

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Speaker 1: and the next millisecond we don't have gravity. Yeah, because

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Speaker 1: we wouldn't even be here without gravity, right. Gravity is

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Speaker 1: the reason why we have the Earth. It's the reason

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Speaker 1: why we have any sort of structure anything going on.

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Speaker 1: Without gravity, stuff would still be floating out their dilute

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Speaker 1: in space. So you need gravity to make the Earth

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Speaker 1: and people and the Sun and all that stuff. And

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Speaker 1: this question is about what happened if somebody like bumped

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Speaker 1: against the gravity light switch accidentally in the Universe control room.

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Speaker 1: That's right, God, she she accidentally, you know, leaned against

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Speaker 1: the wall, hit the switch. Yeah, you put her coffee

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Speaker 1: down on the wrong spot or something. Right. A lot

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Speaker 1: of people said that you would fly up right, and

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Speaker 1: you know, gravity is holding us down. That's certainly true.

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Speaker 1: But if gravity disappeared, you wouldn't immediately fly up. Oh interesting, Well,

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Speaker 1: I guess my first question before we get into the effects,

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Speaker 1: is this even possible? Could gravity just tron off for

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Speaker 1: three seconds and then back on? Not that I'm aware of.

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Speaker 1: I mean, we have no way to manipulate gravity or

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Speaker 1: understand the structure of spacetime. We don't even really know

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Speaker 1: what gravity is, you know, Is it just like the

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Speaker 1: way that space is bent by having mass and energy around?

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Speaker 1: Is it a force like the other ones? Um? But

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Speaker 1: of course we don't have an understanding of the quantum

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Speaker 1: nature of it, so we don't really understand what gravity

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Speaker 1: is and how it works. So we definitely don't know

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Speaker 1: how to turn it on and off. We even talked

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Speaker 1: on a podcast about like anti gravity devices. Yeah, I guess.

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Speaker 1: I mean, do you know of any situation in physics

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Speaker 1: in the universe in which gravity doesn't work? You know,

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Speaker 1: like we talked once about like anti gravity particles. Maybe

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Speaker 1: could we somehow some suddenly be washed over by anti

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Speaker 1: gravity particles or you know, is it even possible for

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Speaker 1: gravity to suddenly not work? I don't think you could

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Speaker 1: turn off gravity. The thing you might be able to

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Speaker 1: do is counteracted. Like if you ranked up dark energy.

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Speaker 1: Right here at the Earth, dark energy is basically doing

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Speaker 1: the opposite of gravity, right It's stretching space and moving

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Speaker 1: things further apart. So if you somehow we're able to

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Speaker 1: manipulate dark energy in a way to like expand space

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Speaker 1: to change its curvature locally, then you could effectively have

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Speaker 1: the opposite effective gravity, canceling it out, so you might

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Speaker 1: be able to balance. I mean, this is really a stretch.

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Speaker 1: We don't even know what dark energy is. But if

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Speaker 1: I had to go somewhere, I would instead of turning

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Speaker 1: off gravity, I would try to balance it with dark energy.

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Speaker 1: But that's maybe with a maybe with a maybe on

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Speaker 1: top of it. So, if I was writing the Tom

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Speaker 1: Hanks down Brown novel, I would have the evil Zelad

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Speaker 1: create a dark energy bomb a dark gable. Yeah, that's

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Speaker 1: somehow I'm just I'm just bit balling here. Uh and

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Speaker 1: and there's not a suggestion for anyone out there. Um,

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Speaker 1: but in the movie, you might create a bomb that suddenly,

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Speaker 1: uh you know, gives off a lot of dark energy

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Speaker 1: which cancels gravity for three seconds. Here, and what do

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Speaker 1: you think would have the most sort of first weekend

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Speaker 1: ticket sales? A dark energy bomb or a dark energy

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Speaker 1: laser or dark energy gun. As long as it's called

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Speaker 1: dark energy, I think the name will totally just sell it.

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Speaker 1: Then the title of Blake Crouch's next novel that has

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Speaker 1: nothing to do with dark energy. All right, Well, it

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Speaker 1: sounds like, you know there, it's not impossible. There there's

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Speaker 1: you know that you could envision a movie using this

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Speaker 1: plot device, and like now you call it not impossible,

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Speaker 1: which makes it sort of we sort of suggest that

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Speaker 1: maybe it's possible, but like in the same way, like

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Speaker 1: it's not impossible that we could be the number one

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Speaker 1: podcast in the world. Wait, we're not. It could happen

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Speaker 1: we need the dark podcast bomb to go off for

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Speaker 1: that to happen. It's right, and boost boost our ratings.

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Speaker 1: At least in my universe, we're number one, Daniel, We're

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Speaker 1: the number one podcast that I listened to. All right,

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Speaker 1: so let's get into what would happen if you actually

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Speaker 1: turned off gravity for three seconds and then turn it

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Speaker 1: back on. First, let's take a quick break, all right, Daniel,

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Speaker 1: walk us through this scenario. So paint us the picture

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Speaker 1: if I turned off gravity for three seconds, what would happen? Well,

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Speaker 1: the first thing would happen is that you would fly

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Speaker 1: off the Earth, but not straight up. Well, I can't

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Speaker 1: fly down. Um, I'm guessing you mean like I would

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Speaker 1: fly in the direction that i'm the Earth is rotating. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: you can think of yourself as sort of orbiting the

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Speaker 1: Earth just above the surface. Think about what would happen

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Speaker 1: to the moon if gravity turned off? The Moon would

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Speaker 1: not fly straight away from the Earth. It would keep

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Speaker 1: going the direction it's going. It would shoot off in

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Speaker 1: a line tangent to the circle it's moving in, right,

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Speaker 1: because what gravity is doing is it sort of bending

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Speaker 1: it in a circle. So gravity disappears, the Moon shoots

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Speaker 1: off sort of sideways. So if you're like a little

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Speaker 1: moon of the Earth, everybody is their own little tiny moon.

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Speaker 1: Then what happens is that you shoot off sort of

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Speaker 1: at an angle to the surface. Oh, I see, like

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Speaker 1: it's tangent to the circle to right. Yeah, precisely, it's tangent.

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Speaker 1: Just keep going. It would no longer be reined into

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Speaker 1: an orbital circle. I would just it's like you cut

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Speaker 1: the string that is tying it to the Earth. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and remember, when gravity turns off, there's nothing like pushing

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Speaker 1: you away from the Earth. It's not like you're getting

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Speaker 1: forced away. I've seen a lot of science fiction movies,

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Speaker 1: you know that when gravity, when you get into space

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Speaker 1: or whatever, things sort of automatically float away from you.

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Speaker 1: They don't necessarily unless you give them a push. But

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Speaker 1: in this case, you're already moving away from the Earth,

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Speaker 1: and it's gravity that keeps you on the Earth. So

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Speaker 1: when you turn that off and you sort of keep

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Speaker 1: going in the direction you were going, so everybody would

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Speaker 1: float up. Yeah you wouldn't. I guess you wouldn't float

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Speaker 1: technically away from the Earth. But to us here on

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Speaker 1: Earth where I'm standing, it would seem like I'm floating

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Speaker 1: up because the Earth is rotating under you, right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: Like the house will keep moving around the Earth, but

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Speaker 1: I am sort of now going tangent to the Earth,

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Speaker 1: but it's also moving with me. So it will seem

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Speaker 1: like I'm floating up. Yeah, it will. But eventually, if

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Speaker 1: it's for long enough, then the Earth will curve away

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Speaker 1: from you, and you no longer be directly above your

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Speaker 1: house or your garden or wherever you stood. Like if

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Speaker 1: you painted an X under you and then gravity turned off,

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Speaker 1: the X would seem to be under you for a

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Speaker 1: little while, but then it would no longer be right

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Speaker 1: under you because the curve of the Earth. So would

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Speaker 1: this happened suddenly or slowly? You know, like let's say, boom,

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Speaker 1: I turned off gravity. Am I now like falling up?

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Speaker 1: Or am I? You know, be like, wait, what what's

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Speaker 1: going on? Would it be slow or fast? It wouldn't

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Speaker 1: be too fast. You'd be floating up because the curverage

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Speaker 1: of the Earth is pretty small and so you're mostly

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Speaker 1: already going in the right direction. Oh I see. It

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Speaker 1: wouldn't be like I was falling up. It would be

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Speaker 1: more like detaching from the Earth. Yeah, and the Earth

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Speaker 1: would continue to curve sort of away under you, and

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Speaker 1: you keep going in the same direction, and so the

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Speaker 1: distance would increase a sort of a nonlinear rate. But

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Speaker 1: the very first few seconds you wouldn't get that high.

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Speaker 1: How high would you actually get if if gravity turned

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Speaker 1: off for three seconds and I started floating up, how

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Speaker 1: high do you think I would would I get? It's

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Speaker 1: a great question. I actually had to sit down and

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Speaker 1: do this calculation because I wasn't sure. And the way

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Speaker 1: to think about it is that the Earth is sort

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Speaker 1: of rotating out from under you. Remember you're still moving

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Speaker 1: in the straight line, and the Earth is rotating out

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Speaker 1: from under you. I'm now heading straight to the Moon

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Speaker 1: or something. Yeah, you're being shot out into space. It's

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Speaker 1: a massive slingshot, you know, or like to think about

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Speaker 1: the Earth is a big merry go round and you

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Speaker 1: suddenly let go and then getting flung out into space.

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Speaker 1: But the Earth is really big and really round, and

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Speaker 1: the curvature, as you know, is not that easy to spot.

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Speaker 1: So the only reason you're leaving the surface of the

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Speaker 1: Earth is because of that curvature. And so in three

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Speaker 1: seconds you would actually only float up about fourteen centimeters.

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Speaker 1: So if Garty turned off for three seconds, I would me, elephants, girafbs,

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Speaker 1: cars out there would float for about fourteen centimeters and

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Speaker 1: then come back down. Yeah, so it's like you take

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Speaker 1: a little hop, right. It's big enough for you to notice,

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Speaker 1: but not big enough to really be dangerous. But I

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Speaker 1: would feel it, right like, probably a lot of a

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Speaker 1: lot of people would throw up that feeling of free

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Speaker 1: fall for three seconds if you suddenly floated a foot

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Speaker 1: into the air. Yes, I'm pretty sure you would notice that.

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Speaker 1: And if it continued, you know, if like the person

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Speaker 1: who turned off gravity was sort of like fumbling for

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Speaker 1: the switch and it took longer, then he gets more

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Speaker 1: dramatic pretty quickly. After thirty seconds, you'd be like fourteen

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Speaker 1: meters above the ground. Oh that's not good. That's not

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Speaker 1: that one. You don't recover from easily. No, unless you're

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Speaker 1: wearing a lot of protective gear. All right, So, and

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Speaker 1: so I would fly. That doesn't sound too bad. It

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Speaker 1: sounds at least before the world ends. I want to

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Speaker 1: get to fulfill my dream of flying and floating in space. Um,

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Speaker 1: and so what else would happen besides me floating? Well,

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Speaker 1: he talked about gravity turning off, and he didn't limit

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Speaker 1: it to Earth's gravity. He was just like gravity period

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Speaker 1: in the universe, whole universe, universe. And most importantly, that

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Speaker 1: means that like all the Earth's gravity is gone and

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Speaker 1: the Sun's gravity is gone, and that has some consequences,

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Speaker 1: like if we would shoot off into space, Yeah, just

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Speaker 1: like we would float off of the Earth's orbit, the

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Speaker 1: Earth would fall out of its orbit and keep going

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Speaker 1: for three seconds out of its orbit. Oh, and then

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Speaker 1: when it turns back on, we would be in a

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Speaker 1: totally different orbit. Yeah, and we might have the wrong trajectory.

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Speaker 1: We might not any longer be in a stable orbit,

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Speaker 1: and so we might sort of get kicked out of

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Speaker 1: the Solar System. That doesn't sound good. It does not

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Speaker 1: sound good. There's lots of ways to move around the Sun,

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Speaker 1: and only a few of them are a stable orbit.

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Speaker 1: And so if you just sort of all of a

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Speaker 1: sudden drift out to a larger radius, but you haven't

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Speaker 1: picked up any speed, then you're not in a stable

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Speaker 1: orbit anymore. With the Earth crack or anything like that,

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Speaker 1: like with our atmosphere suddenly proof away, what are some

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Speaker 1: of the things physically that would happen to our planet. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the atmosphere also is held to the Earth by gravity,

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Speaker 1: and so the atmosphere would float away from the Earth

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Speaker 1: the same way because it's spinning. Just dissipate. Yeah, it

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Speaker 1: would just dissipate out into space um. But you know

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Speaker 1: three seconds is not that long, so you wouldn't lose

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Speaker 1: a whole lot of atmosphere. Oh, I see three seconds? Okay,

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Speaker 1: got it. Got It would dissipate a little, but then

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Speaker 1: it might come back. Now, but by then we will

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Speaker 1: will be in a different orbit, will be in the

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Speaker 1: wrong orbit, and then the Earth, you know, it will

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Speaker 1: get sucked back by the Earth Sun's gravity when it

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Speaker 1: turns back on. But it might then get sucked into

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Speaker 1: something that's not a stable orbit. It could like whizz

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Speaker 1: around closer to the Sun and then get thrown into

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Speaker 1: interstellar space. But that's not even the worst part. Okay,

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00:22:07,640 --> 00:22:09,480
Speaker 1: what's the worst? What's the worst that could happen? The

428
00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:13,120
Speaker 1: biggest deal, the cataclysmic end to your Michael Bay movie

429
00:22:13,640 --> 00:22:16,680
Speaker 1: is that. Remember that gravity plays a really important role

430
00:22:16,720 --> 00:22:19,800
Speaker 1: in holding the Sun together. It's the only reason it's

431
00:22:19,800 --> 00:22:22,119
Speaker 1: a ball of fire, right otherwise, I mean it's a

432
00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:25,439
Speaker 1: constant explosion being held by gravity. Yes, it's being pinned

433
00:22:25,440 --> 00:22:28,800
Speaker 1: down by gravity. And so if you turn gravity off,

434
00:22:28,840 --> 00:22:32,280
Speaker 1: then it like unleashes the Sun's fury for three seconds,

435
00:22:32,320 --> 00:22:34,320
Speaker 1: and the Sun would basically explode. I mean, it's a

436
00:22:34,400 --> 00:22:37,480
Speaker 1: huge meal in your bomb being held together by gravity.

437
00:22:37,600 --> 00:22:40,400
Speaker 1: In three seconds, that would be enough to to explode

438
00:22:40,440 --> 00:22:43,280
Speaker 1: the Sun. It would definitely explode. What would happen when

439
00:22:43,320 --> 00:22:45,800
Speaker 1: you turned it back on, I don't know, like could

440
00:22:45,800 --> 00:22:48,440
Speaker 1: he gather it back together. It would definitely change the

441
00:22:48,520 --> 00:22:51,439
Speaker 1: dynamics of the Sun, And so it might be a

442
00:22:51,520 --> 00:22:53,560
Speaker 1: very different star when you turn it back on. It

443
00:22:53,640 --> 00:22:56,119
Speaker 1: might be burning at a different temperature, or have a

444
00:22:56,119 --> 00:22:59,600
Speaker 1: different radius or a different opacity. You know. Oh, I see,

445
00:22:59,640 --> 00:23:03,120
Speaker 1: it's like the stable little um cycle. And you will

446
00:23:03,160 --> 00:23:06,399
Speaker 1: be totally disrupting that. Yeah, you like kick the fire,

447
00:23:06,520 --> 00:23:07,680
Speaker 1: you know, and then you gotta try to get it

448
00:23:07,720 --> 00:23:10,160
Speaker 1: going again, and it might, you know, sputter out or

449
00:23:10,359 --> 00:23:13,400
Speaker 1: flame up, or do something totally crazy. So for three seconds,

450
00:23:13,440 --> 00:23:17,360
Speaker 1: we would see the Sun suddenly get bigger for three seconds,

451
00:23:17,400 --> 00:23:20,600
Speaker 1: and then gravity turns back on, and then it something

452
00:23:20,640 --> 00:23:23,159
Speaker 1: else will happen. Something else will happen, and it's not

453
00:23:23,240 --> 00:23:25,480
Speaker 1: easy to figure out what you know, we don't understand

454
00:23:25,520 --> 00:23:27,720
Speaker 1: the way a lot of these stars work anyway, So

455
00:23:28,119 --> 00:23:30,439
Speaker 1: you know, nobody has done this kind of simulation. To

456
00:23:30,480 --> 00:23:32,879
Speaker 1: figure out, like in detail what would happen. You need

457
00:23:32,920 --> 00:23:35,520
Speaker 1: to run a massive simulation of of the sort of

458
00:23:35,680 --> 00:23:39,719
Speaker 1: hydrodynamics of inside the star, and nobody has done that calculation.

459
00:23:39,880 --> 00:23:41,199
Speaker 1: It's not something you can sit down and do with

460
00:23:41,240 --> 00:23:43,320
Speaker 1: a pencil and paper. And in those three seconds, is

461
00:23:43,359 --> 00:23:45,840
Speaker 1: it possible where the sun grows, is possible that it

462
00:23:45,840 --> 00:23:48,240
Speaker 1: will fry us? Or you know, like if it sort

463
00:23:48,280 --> 00:23:50,600
Speaker 1: of explodes for three seconds, is that, you know, a

464
00:23:50,720 --> 00:23:54,880
Speaker 1: shower of energy going to fry the planet? Probably not.

465
00:23:55,160 --> 00:23:57,359
Speaker 1: Remember that the Sun is light minutes from the Earth,

466
00:23:57,359 --> 00:24:00,480
Speaker 1: so really far away from the Sun, and so three

467
00:24:00,520 --> 00:24:03,119
Speaker 1: seconds is a tiny fraction of that. And you know

468
00:24:03,160 --> 00:24:05,720
Speaker 1: there might be like a pulse of energy which gets

469
00:24:05,720 --> 00:24:08,680
Speaker 1: shot out. But then remember gravity turns back on and

470
00:24:08,720 --> 00:24:11,159
Speaker 1: so any of that plasma is going to get slowed

471
00:24:11,200 --> 00:24:13,800
Speaker 1: down and dragged back into the Sun. I bet you

472
00:24:13,880 --> 00:24:16,960
Speaker 1: get like an enhanced solar wind. But we still have

473
00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:19,760
Speaker 1: a magnetic field to protect us from that solar wind.

474
00:24:19,920 --> 00:24:22,480
Speaker 1: All right, So I think that paints, uh are not

475
00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:25,400
Speaker 1: a great picture, which is that you know, we might

476
00:24:25,440 --> 00:24:29,160
Speaker 1: get kicked out of the solar system. We might ruin

477
00:24:29,280 --> 00:24:32,480
Speaker 1: the sun um but here on Earth will will float

478
00:24:32,520 --> 00:24:34,159
Speaker 1: for three seconds and then come back down. So a

479
00:24:34,200 --> 00:24:37,480
Speaker 1: lot of cars maybe you know, might float and then

480
00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:39,879
Speaker 1: crash back down. That wouldn't be too bad, But the

481
00:24:39,920 --> 00:24:41,960
Speaker 1: worst is that we might get kicked out or the

482
00:24:41,960 --> 00:24:45,119
Speaker 1: Sun would explode. The overall pretty bad. I rate this

483
00:24:45,200 --> 00:24:48,280
Speaker 1: on the on the badness scale as pretty bad scenario

484
00:24:48,359 --> 00:24:52,800
Speaker 1: pretty bad. Especially the range of your scale here does

485
00:24:52,840 --> 00:24:56,760
Speaker 1: it go from pretty bad too utterly terrible, or from

486
00:24:56,880 --> 00:24:59,919
Speaker 1: don't worry about it to keep listening because some of

487
00:24:59,920 --> 00:25:02,240
Speaker 1: the scenarios get pretty nasty. All right, Let's get into

488
00:25:02,280 --> 00:25:05,800
Speaker 1: the second one here. Jason writes what would happen if

489
00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:10,320
Speaker 1: the Earth suddenly starts spinning backwards? So I walked around

490
00:25:10,359 --> 00:25:13,399
Speaker 1: campus again and I asked people this insane question, what

491
00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:14,919
Speaker 1: do you think it would be like on Earth if

492
00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:17,680
Speaker 1: there if the Earth suddenly started rotating the other direction?

493
00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:22,080
Speaker 1: I think everything would go insane, Like the probably seats

494
00:25:22,080 --> 00:25:24,080
Speaker 1: would just in the way to go the opposite direction,

495
00:25:24,080 --> 00:25:29,240
Speaker 1: and tsunamis would happen, and probably storms. I've never thought

496
00:25:29,240 --> 00:25:33,680
Speaker 1: about it because I just haven't really come with I mean,

497
00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:36,080
Speaker 1: you just hear how it goes and like, okay, what

498
00:25:36,200 --> 00:25:39,480
Speaker 1: does what it does? But I've never thought what happens, Well,

499
00:25:39,560 --> 00:25:44,400
Speaker 1: it does opposite so much say, alright, bad stuff, bad stuff.

500
00:25:44,600 --> 00:25:46,800
Speaker 1: None of this was supposed to be sort of cozy scenarios.

501
00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:49,720
Speaker 1: It's supposed to make anybody smile and cuttle up with

502
00:25:49,720 --> 00:25:52,159
Speaker 1: a book and a cup of tea or anything. Uh

503
00:25:52,359 --> 00:25:54,399
Speaker 1: do you think he means like if you you know,

504
00:25:54,440 --> 00:25:56,840
Speaker 1: the Earth is spinning right now and we're all very comfortable,

505
00:25:57,200 --> 00:26:01,160
Speaker 1: but suddenly the spinning in Earth, what do you think

506
00:26:01,160 --> 00:26:03,439
Speaker 1: he means, Like it stops and then it starts spinning

507
00:26:03,440 --> 00:26:06,719
Speaker 1: the other way. Yeah, it's a critical difference because if

508
00:26:06,760 --> 00:26:09,080
Speaker 1: you could sort of snap your fingers and all of

509
00:26:09,119 --> 00:26:11,440
Speaker 1: a sudden everything is going in the other direction, that's

510
00:26:11,480 --> 00:26:15,320
Speaker 1: not actually that big a deal. I mean in that scenario, like, yeah,

511
00:26:15,480 --> 00:26:18,000
Speaker 1: the sun is like everything, like the oceans. You mean,

512
00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:22,200
Speaker 1: if we're you know, suddenly we're spinning moving the other way,

513
00:26:22,920 --> 00:26:25,080
Speaker 1: not much would happen. Not much would happen. Yeah, and

514
00:26:25,080 --> 00:26:30,000
Speaker 1: the sun would rise and set on the other side. Right. Um,

515
00:26:30,080 --> 00:26:32,240
Speaker 1: But but a lot of things about the Earth are

516
00:26:32,400 --> 00:26:35,840
Speaker 1: pretty symmetric. Would it change, like the magnetic poles? It

517
00:26:35,960 --> 00:26:39,080
Speaker 1: certainly might It might flip the magnetic field, you know,

518
00:26:39,160 --> 00:26:41,880
Speaker 1: because the magnetic field is generated by what's going on

519
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:44,760
Speaker 1: inside the Earth, the rotation of like that that hot

520
00:26:44,800 --> 00:26:47,959
Speaker 1: magnetic liquid inside the Earth, And so if you're flipping that,

521
00:26:47,960 --> 00:26:50,280
Speaker 1: then you're flipping the magnetic field. But that just makes

522
00:26:50,359 --> 00:26:53,040
Speaker 1: north into south. Right, things still work. You still have

523
00:26:53,119 --> 00:26:56,480
Speaker 1: a magnetic field to protect you from solar flares, um

524
00:26:56,560 --> 00:26:59,840
Speaker 1: and cosmic radiation. Everything still sort of holds together. Doesn't

525
00:26:59,840 --> 00:27:02,720
Speaker 1: mean break everything. It just sort of puts a minus

526
00:27:02,760 --> 00:27:05,520
Speaker 1: one in front of a lot of stuff. Okay, I think,

527
00:27:05,560 --> 00:27:07,960
Speaker 1: I think I get it. I think if you define

528
00:27:08,040 --> 00:27:12,280
Speaker 1: the Earth as the brock and everything on it, including

529
00:27:12,359 --> 00:27:14,720
Speaker 1: us and the satellites, then not much what happened, and

530
00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:17,840
Speaker 1: the atmosphere yeah, and the atmosphere not much with Heaven.

531
00:27:18,280 --> 00:27:20,840
Speaker 1: But if you maybe define the Earth is just the

532
00:27:20,880 --> 00:27:24,240
Speaker 1: ball of rock, then things might get bad. Right. Oh man,

533
00:27:24,280 --> 00:27:26,360
Speaker 1: if just the Earth started going in the other direction

534
00:27:26,440 --> 00:27:29,280
Speaker 1: and we were still going this way, yeah, that would

535
00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:32,960
Speaker 1: be very bad because how fast How fast am I

536
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:35,760
Speaker 1: technically going sitting here on Earth? Yeah, you're going pretty fast.

537
00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:39,840
Speaker 1: I mean, the Earth's circumference is what miles and it

538
00:27:39,920 --> 00:27:42,400
Speaker 1: does that in a day, and so it's a thousand

539
00:27:42,440 --> 00:27:45,199
Speaker 1: miles per hour is the Earth's surface is moving. So

540
00:27:45,240 --> 00:27:47,440
Speaker 1: if all of a sudden it's moving the other way

541
00:27:47,520 --> 00:27:51,360
Speaker 1: basically two thousand miles per hour, that would be pretty bad.

542
00:27:52,520 --> 00:27:55,919
Speaker 1: That's like going in a car at a two thousand

543
00:27:55,920 --> 00:27:59,480
Speaker 1: miles per hour and then suddenly the car stopped, were

544
00:27:59,520 --> 00:28:02,639
Speaker 1: crashing to a wall, right, Yeah, not not recommended. Not

545
00:28:02,960 --> 00:28:06,640
Speaker 1: We would all just get smushed or we would get

546
00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:09,800
Speaker 1: you know, if you're outside, you would just certainly be

547
00:28:09,880 --> 00:28:12,200
Speaker 1: flung at two thousand miles per hour. Yeah, and also

548
00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:15,200
Speaker 1: be crazy winds, right, because the atmosphere is also rotating

549
00:28:15,240 --> 00:28:17,680
Speaker 1: with the Earth, So just the Earth started going to

550
00:28:17,720 --> 00:28:20,600
Speaker 1: the other direction, basically all the air and Earth would

551
00:28:20,600 --> 00:28:23,040
Speaker 1: have a wind speed of two thousand miles per hour.

552
00:28:23,320 --> 00:28:26,240
Speaker 1: That's like much stronger than any hurricane. So it would

553
00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:29,920
Speaker 1: basically flatten every city, right, but me included would also

554
00:28:29,960 --> 00:28:31,440
Speaker 1: be going at two thousand miles per hours, So I

555
00:28:31,480 --> 00:28:34,239
Speaker 1: would m I guess I would get thrown if I

556
00:28:34,280 --> 00:28:36,960
Speaker 1: was outside. This is the best case scenario. I'm outside,

557
00:28:37,520 --> 00:28:41,360
Speaker 1: the Earth changes direction, You're wearing a lot of protective gear.

558
00:28:41,400 --> 00:28:46,160
Speaker 1: I hope I'm wearing a lot of an insulated lab coats. Yeah,

559
00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:49,240
Speaker 1: I get flung off into the sky two thousand miles part,

560
00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:50,800
Speaker 1: but the wind is also going with me at two

561
00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:53,520
Speaker 1: miles per hour, So I think for a few short

562
00:28:53,560 --> 00:28:56,720
Speaker 1: seconds I would be flying again until you hit something,

563
00:28:57,120 --> 00:29:00,360
Speaker 1: until I hit something right, like the Earth or your

564
00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:04,120
Speaker 1: house or something. Oh, I see, all right, But there's

565
00:29:04,160 --> 00:29:06,560
Speaker 1: another scenario. When I read this, I thought of something else.

566
00:29:06,600 --> 00:29:09,480
Speaker 1: I thought, what does it take to to flip the

567
00:29:09,520 --> 00:29:11,560
Speaker 1: Earth to go the other way? I thought, you know,

568
00:29:11,600 --> 00:29:14,760
Speaker 1: maybe you like stop that, you slow down the Earth

569
00:29:14,800 --> 00:29:16,440
Speaker 1: and get it going the other way, and you do

570
00:29:16,480 --> 00:29:18,320
Speaker 1: that in a very short amount of time, You like

571
00:29:18,720 --> 00:29:20,840
Speaker 1: actually apply the brakes and then give it a push

572
00:29:20,880 --> 00:29:23,480
Speaker 1: the other direction. Because you know, in physics, nothing gets

573
00:29:23,520 --> 00:29:26,840
Speaker 1: accomplished instantaneously. You can't be going a hundred miles an

574
00:29:26,880 --> 00:29:30,640
Speaker 1: hour in one direction and then instantly the other direction. Right,

575
00:29:30,640 --> 00:29:33,560
Speaker 1: that's an acceleration, that's a change of velocity, and that

576
00:29:33,640 --> 00:29:36,240
Speaker 1: only happens with a huge force. Can it happen with

577
00:29:36,280 --> 00:29:39,840
Speaker 1: the giant dark energy bomb? I think it'd be more

578
00:29:39,840 --> 00:29:42,120
Speaker 1: a dark energy laser, you know, you fire at the surface.

579
00:29:44,040 --> 00:29:46,760
Speaker 1: I'll make a note, But that's an even worse scenario

580
00:29:46,880 --> 00:29:50,200
Speaker 1: because if you apply an enormous acceleration to the whole earth,

581
00:29:50,520 --> 00:29:53,240
Speaker 1: that would break a lot of stuff. Well, it's kind

582
00:29:53,240 --> 00:29:56,520
Speaker 1: of like, um, the opposite. It's just a milder version

583
00:29:56,560 --> 00:29:59,440
Speaker 1: of the instantaneous flip of the rock. Right. The instantaneous

584
00:29:59,440 --> 00:30:01,400
Speaker 1: flip is actually easier because you don't have to go

585
00:30:01,560 --> 00:30:04,240
Speaker 1: through the transition. You don't have to feel the acceleration.

586
00:30:04,600 --> 00:30:07,960
Speaker 1: Acceleration is what's really bad. It's like if you're in

587
00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:10,840
Speaker 1: a fighter jet, going at zero miles per hour is

588
00:30:10,880 --> 00:30:13,920
Speaker 1: no big deal. Going at five thousand miles per hour

589
00:30:14,040 --> 00:30:16,320
Speaker 1: also not that big a deal because velocity is not

590
00:30:16,360 --> 00:30:19,400
Speaker 1: an issue. But the acceleration from zero to five thousand,

591
00:30:19,560 --> 00:30:22,320
Speaker 1: those g's you would feel them. It would like pulverize

592
00:30:22,320 --> 00:30:26,160
Speaker 1: your insides. Humans can't survive more than a few gees

593
00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:29,680
Speaker 1: liquefying our organs. So it sort of depends on a

594
00:30:29,680 --> 00:30:32,200
Speaker 1: lot of things. It depends on whether Jason meant the

595
00:30:32,280 --> 00:30:35,640
Speaker 1: ball of rock or everything on it, and also how

596
00:30:35,720 --> 00:30:39,040
Speaker 1: quickly this operation happens. Yeah, because if you actually do

597
00:30:39,080 --> 00:30:42,400
Speaker 1: it physically correctly and accelerate the earth the other direction

598
00:30:42,440 --> 00:30:44,600
Speaker 1: to get it spinning that way, then you have to

599
00:30:44,600 --> 00:30:47,200
Speaker 1: be really careful. If you don't include the oceans, for example,

600
00:30:47,440 --> 00:30:51,360
Speaker 1: then you're gonna get like ridiculous tsunamis like miles high

601
00:30:51,440 --> 00:30:56,400
Speaker 1: waves slashing around. You gotta do it carefully because you

602
00:30:56,480 --> 00:31:01,720
Speaker 1: gotta get every everything on board. If you're change a direction. Yeah, chaos.

603
00:31:01,760 --> 00:31:03,400
Speaker 1: Do you ever feel just like a pan of water

604
00:31:03,520 --> 00:31:05,960
Speaker 1: and try to walk it across your kitchen? It's almost

605
00:31:06,000 --> 00:31:08,600
Speaker 1: impossible to not have that water like slosh around and

606
00:31:08,680 --> 00:31:12,400
Speaker 1: splash on your toes. Now, imagine you have like oceans

607
00:31:12,440 --> 00:31:14,880
Speaker 1: on the Earth and you're spitting it the other way.

608
00:31:15,160 --> 00:31:20,880
Speaker 1: You are going to drown Tokyo and everything else. Oh man, alright,

609
00:31:20,960 --> 00:31:24,120
Speaker 1: So then how would you rate this potential physics disaster?

610
00:31:24,400 --> 00:31:27,200
Speaker 1: Is this? Is it too dependent on the specifics or

611
00:31:27,400 --> 00:31:30,480
Speaker 1: do you think we should it's clearly bad in any case, Um,

612
00:31:30,560 --> 00:31:33,760
Speaker 1: I'd say it's less catastrophic than turning off gravity. I'm

613
00:31:33,800 --> 00:31:37,680
Speaker 1: pretty worried about the Sun being unleashed for three seconds

614
00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:40,360
Speaker 1: and being kicked out into a different orbit. So if

615
00:31:40,400 --> 00:31:43,080
Speaker 1: I had to pick, I would say gravity turning off

616
00:31:43,160 --> 00:31:46,280
Speaker 1: is more catastrophic. That's the champion so far. Okay, So

617
00:31:46,360 --> 00:31:51,560
Speaker 1: what's below pretty bad? Pretty bad, but not as bad

618
00:31:51,920 --> 00:31:58,719
Speaker 1: A bad idea not recommended. Is there physics rating system

619
00:31:58,840 --> 00:32:04,360
Speaker 1: like you know, G good to go PG physics good

620
00:32:07,880 --> 00:32:13,000
Speaker 1: not recommended without the supervision of a physicist, especially with

621
00:32:13,040 --> 00:32:16,840
Speaker 1: the supervision physicists. Don't offer this option to any physicists,

622
00:32:16,840 --> 00:32:22,000
Speaker 1: you know, they can resist pushing the button Candy. Whenever

623
00:32:22,040 --> 00:32:23,800
Speaker 1: I'm in front of a big red button, my fingers

624
00:32:23,800 --> 00:32:26,240
Speaker 1: just crawl on it. I'm gonna touch it, Like, what

625
00:32:26,280 --> 00:32:29,840
Speaker 1: does I feel like depressing? What would happen? I'm gonna

626
00:32:29,840 --> 00:32:33,120
Speaker 1: create a button, Daniel that transfer transfers all your money

627
00:32:33,120 --> 00:32:35,280
Speaker 1: to my bank account, and I'm going to leave it

628
00:32:35,320 --> 00:32:40,000
Speaker 1: into your front door. No, that's my personal Twilight Zone episode.

629
00:32:41,640 --> 00:32:44,040
Speaker 1: It's like your nighmer as a house full of red buttons?

630
00:32:44,080 --> 00:32:46,840
Speaker 1: Is that what it is? That's your twilight Zone episode?

631
00:32:46,960 --> 00:32:50,440
Speaker 1: And one of them kills everybody on earth. Oh that

632
00:32:50,560 --> 00:32:54,080
Speaker 1: is a good plot idea. Oh man, we are pitching

633
00:32:54,160 --> 00:32:56,440
Speaker 1: so many good movies today. I know it's like Saw,

634
00:32:57,640 --> 00:33:00,880
Speaker 1: but for physics. There we go. All right, let's get

635
00:33:00,920 --> 00:33:03,720
Speaker 1: into the last two scenarios that Jason imagine that the

636
00:33:03,880 --> 00:33:07,320
Speaker 1: Livy came up with. But first let's take a quick break.

637
00:33:20,120 --> 00:33:24,240
Speaker 1: All right, Daniel, we have two more potentially catastrophic scenarios

638
00:33:24,320 --> 00:33:28,400
Speaker 1: for Earth and humanity and potentially the universe that one

639
00:33:28,440 --> 00:33:31,200
Speaker 1: of our listeners here, Jason, came up with, and so

640
00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:34,480
Speaker 1: we we need to rate them, we need to explain

641
00:33:34,560 --> 00:33:36,920
Speaker 1: them and see how bad they are. So the third

642
00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:40,400
Speaker 1: idea that Jason had was, Yeah, he asked, what would

643
00:33:40,400 --> 00:33:45,120
Speaker 1: happen if every electron within one light year of Earth disappeared?

644
00:33:45,360 --> 00:33:47,480
Speaker 1: Is it for three seconds you think? Or forever? It

645
00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:50,480
Speaker 1: just says gone, Yeah, we're not getting these electrons back,

646
00:33:50,640 --> 00:33:53,640
Speaker 1: you know, they have just been deleted from the universe.

647
00:33:53,840 --> 00:33:57,200
Speaker 1: Could we survive? But but only within one light year?

648
00:33:57,880 --> 00:34:00,960
Speaker 1: He's very specific. He's at one point zero. Like I

649
00:34:00,960 --> 00:34:03,960
Speaker 1: think he's trying to include like our entire cosmic neighborhood,

650
00:34:03,960 --> 00:34:07,120
Speaker 1: you know, the sun planets that may be word cloud,

651
00:34:07,400 --> 00:34:11,319
Speaker 1: but not the whole universe. He's not building to speck here.

652
00:34:11,960 --> 00:34:19,200
Speaker 1: He's just curious, right, I hope not alright. So the

653
00:34:19,239 --> 00:34:21,720
Speaker 1: scenario is that every electron that we know that's inside

654
00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:25,919
Speaker 1: of my body, the Earth, the Sun, the planet, all

655
00:34:25,920 --> 00:34:29,160
Speaker 1: the need I guess nearby solar system right now. The

656
00:34:29,239 --> 00:34:31,839
Speaker 1: nearest star is three light years away, three or four

657
00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:34,160
Speaker 1: light years away, so there are no other stars involved.

658
00:34:34,200 --> 00:34:38,000
Speaker 1: So basically just our solars and every electron suddenly disappear

659
00:34:38,200 --> 00:34:41,080
Speaker 1: in the solar system. And so let's preface this by

660
00:34:41,120 --> 00:34:45,840
Speaker 1: reminding people sort of how important and ubiquitous electrons are. Okay,

661
00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:48,759
Speaker 1: They're not just something in batteries, right there, not just

662
00:34:48,840 --> 00:34:51,959
Speaker 1: the thing that you juice up your iPhone with. Everything

663
00:34:52,080 --> 00:34:55,360
Speaker 1: you know, everything you see, everything you have ever eaten,

664
00:34:55,480 --> 00:34:58,359
Speaker 1: everything you are made of has electrons in it and

665
00:34:58,480 --> 00:35:01,400
Speaker 1: needs those electrons, right, And in a way, it's almost

666
00:35:02,080 --> 00:35:05,000
Speaker 1: they're almost um it's like one third of all matter,

667
00:35:05,080 --> 00:35:08,080
Speaker 1: isn't it technically kind of yeah, Like you take an

668
00:35:08,080 --> 00:35:11,080
Speaker 1: atom and it has protons and neutrons and electrons. Now,

669
00:35:11,080 --> 00:35:13,200
Speaker 1: the electrons are very very light where they don't have

670
00:35:13,200 --> 00:35:16,200
Speaker 1: a lot of mass, but they are responsible for balancing

671
00:35:16,200 --> 00:35:18,640
Speaker 1: the electric charge of the atom. You know, there's the

672
00:35:18,680 --> 00:35:22,200
Speaker 1: positive proton and then there's the negative electron, and so

673
00:35:22,360 --> 00:35:25,560
Speaker 1: it's pretty key. I'm thinking this is not good. But

674
00:35:25,920 --> 00:35:28,279
Speaker 1: let's see what people had to say on the street. Yeah,

675
00:35:28,280 --> 00:35:30,720
Speaker 1: so I walked around and I asked people what they thought.

676
00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:32,680
Speaker 1: Here's what they had to say. What do you think

677
00:35:32,680 --> 00:35:35,759
Speaker 1: would happen if all of the electrons, like within a

678
00:35:35,880 --> 00:35:38,839
Speaker 1: light year just suddenly disappeared. I don't think that'd be

679
00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:43,160
Speaker 1: good or bad. It was simply destroyed out, So kind

680
00:35:43,160 --> 00:35:49,279
Speaker 1: of considering an electrical engineer, that'd be probably pretty bad.

681
00:35:50,760 --> 00:35:55,040
Speaker 1: I like like this last one, that last one where

682
00:35:55,080 --> 00:35:59,239
Speaker 1: the engineer is worried about his career. That's his main procopation.

683
00:35:59,320 --> 00:36:01,080
Speaker 1: I know. I was like, dude, you're gonna have to

684
00:36:01,080 --> 00:36:04,960
Speaker 1: become a proton engineer instead of electron engineer. That's what

685
00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:08,040
Speaker 1: I was thinking. How would you what would any career

686
00:36:08,080 --> 00:36:12,279
Speaker 1: be called pro protonical engineer, per tonical engineer? Yeah, I

687
00:36:12,360 --> 00:36:14,960
Speaker 1: suppose so, although you know, if this happens, we're not

688
00:36:15,000 --> 00:36:17,520
Speaker 1: going to be around to be hiring anybody. Okay, So

689
00:36:17,600 --> 00:36:22,080
Speaker 1: you think it's pretty catastrophic if all electrons suddenly disappear. Yeah,

690
00:36:22,200 --> 00:36:25,680
Speaker 1: Every atom, all of a sudden gets a positive charge. Right,

691
00:36:25,719 --> 00:36:27,960
Speaker 1: you have a hydrogen atom, you delete it to electron.

692
00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:30,040
Speaker 1: You got a proton. And if you had a gas

693
00:36:30,040 --> 00:36:32,720
Speaker 1: of hydrogen atoms, which we do in lots of places

694
00:36:32,800 --> 00:36:36,480
Speaker 1: like the Sun, then you deleted all those electrons. All

695
00:36:36,520 --> 00:36:39,080
Speaker 1: of a sudden. You have all these positive protons, and

696
00:36:39,160 --> 00:36:41,360
Speaker 1: they're not gonna be happy just hanging out. They're gonna

697
00:36:41,400 --> 00:36:44,360
Speaker 1: push against each other. Oh, I see. If I have

698
00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:47,280
Speaker 1: a canister of hydrogen and I take away the electrons,

699
00:36:47,320 --> 00:36:50,240
Speaker 1: suddenly have I just have protons? Yeah, and those protons

700
00:36:50,280 --> 00:36:52,759
Speaker 1: feel a very powerful force against each other, are they?

701
00:36:53,080 --> 00:36:54,920
Speaker 1: Is it my canister going to explode or is it

702
00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:58,480
Speaker 1: just gonna feel pressure? It's gonna explode. Your canister also

703
00:36:58,800 --> 00:37:01,759
Speaker 1: used to have electrons in it. It doesn't anymore. You

704
00:37:02,120 --> 00:37:04,920
Speaker 1: used to have electrons and it doesn't anymore. That's what

705
00:37:04,960 --> 00:37:09,400
Speaker 1: I'm talking about. Like, electrons are everywhere we are. We

706
00:37:09,520 --> 00:37:13,480
Speaker 1: are made of electrons. The sun, Earth is made of electrons.

707
00:37:13,760 --> 00:37:17,000
Speaker 1: So you delete electrons all of a sudden, every atom

708
00:37:17,239 --> 00:37:19,920
Speaker 1: you know within a light year hates every other atom

709
00:37:19,960 --> 00:37:22,160
Speaker 1: and wants to be really far away from me. Do

710
00:37:22,200 --> 00:37:23,960
Speaker 1: you think maybe Jason would just think, like, hey, what

711
00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:25,920
Speaker 1: if we didn't have electricity for a little while. I

712
00:37:25,920 --> 00:37:28,440
Speaker 1: don't know what you're thinking, but Jason, please do not

713
00:37:28,600 --> 00:37:33,000
Speaker 1: do this. Everything would explode. The Earth would explode, the

714
00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:35,759
Speaker 1: Sun would explode. You would explode, My brain would explode,

715
00:37:35,960 --> 00:37:39,480
Speaker 1: Your career would explode. I sensed real fear in your

716
00:37:39,560 --> 00:37:42,600
Speaker 1: voice here, Daniel. I feel like you're we're actually touching

717
00:37:42,680 --> 00:37:46,640
Speaker 1: something that makes you afraid. At a very core level. Yeah. Also,

718
00:37:46,719 --> 00:37:48,640
Speaker 1: I take this one a bit personally. I mean, I'm

719
00:37:48,640 --> 00:37:51,680
Speaker 1: a particle physicist. I feel something for particles. You can't

720
00:37:51,719 --> 00:37:55,640
Speaker 1: just delete electrons, man, I mean it's so cruel, like

721
00:37:55,680 --> 00:37:59,000
Speaker 1: they've been doing so much for you for years orout anythings,

722
00:37:59,040 --> 00:38:01,759
Speaker 1: and then you're just gonna raise them literally erased them

723
00:38:01,760 --> 00:38:04,920
Speaker 1: from the universe. It's like, don't cancel, don't cancel the election.

724
00:38:05,800 --> 00:38:08,399
Speaker 1: This cancel culture has gone too far people. If you're

725
00:38:08,440 --> 00:38:12,840
Speaker 1: canceling particles now, people want to cancel the electron, And

726
00:38:12,880 --> 00:38:15,080
Speaker 1: how come nobody ever wants to cancel proton? So it's

727
00:38:15,120 --> 00:38:18,239
Speaker 1: always the electrons right right. It sounds like you're you're

728
00:38:18,280 --> 00:38:20,399
Speaker 1: pretty afraid of this scenario, like it would be bad.

729
00:38:20,600 --> 00:38:23,440
Speaker 1: There's no recovering from it, right. If you have no electrons,

730
00:38:23,840 --> 00:38:26,040
Speaker 1: then there's no way to balance the charges. I mean,

731
00:38:26,040 --> 00:38:29,720
Speaker 1: there are other particles in the universe that have negative charges,

732
00:38:29,840 --> 00:38:34,520
Speaker 1: like the W minus and some quirks have fractional negative charges.

733
00:38:35,200 --> 00:38:38,200
Speaker 1: So you might be able to assemble some other hadrons

734
00:38:38,239 --> 00:38:42,279
Speaker 1: to give you negative charges and make really weird chemistry.

735
00:38:42,680 --> 00:38:44,520
Speaker 1: You know, you can make like an a mega minus

736
00:38:44,560 --> 00:38:47,040
Speaker 1: particle to balance a proton and make a whole new

737
00:38:47,160 --> 00:38:49,719
Speaker 1: kind of atom. But who knows what kind of thing

738
00:38:49,800 --> 00:38:51,880
Speaker 1: you could build out of that, certainly not me or

739
00:38:51,960 --> 00:38:55,319
Speaker 1: you or anything you're familiar with. So it's like you're

740
00:38:55,360 --> 00:38:58,879
Speaker 1: rewriting the laws of the universe. It would be totally catastrophic.

741
00:38:59,000 --> 00:39:01,560
Speaker 1: One second would be sitting here talking. In the next second,

742
00:39:01,600 --> 00:39:05,200
Speaker 1: we're just exploding, flying through space and this massive protons

743
00:39:05,680 --> 00:39:08,359
Speaker 1: floating out there in the universe. Yeah, exactly. We'd be

744
00:39:08,400 --> 00:39:11,799
Speaker 1: a plasma of protons pushing away from each other really

745
00:39:11,840 --> 00:39:16,080
Speaker 1: really hard. Because remember, electromagnetism is a powerful force and

746
00:39:16,120 --> 00:39:19,279
Speaker 1: it has an infinite extent, and so everything within our

747
00:39:19,360 --> 00:39:23,040
Speaker 1: light year would become a dilute gas of protons eventually.

748
00:39:23,160 --> 00:39:24,840
Speaker 1: All right, so I think you would rate this is

749
00:39:24,880 --> 00:39:28,080
Speaker 1: not just pretty bad, but like maybe ultimately bad. This

750
00:39:28,120 --> 00:39:29,840
Speaker 1: is this is up there, This is up there. This

751
00:39:29,840 --> 00:39:31,920
Speaker 1: is sort of like saturate the scale, you know, this

752
00:39:32,080 --> 00:39:35,120
Speaker 1: like red lines at it as maximum e catastrophic Like

753
00:39:35,640 --> 00:39:38,279
Speaker 1: this one terrifies me. I see, this is the stuff

754
00:39:38,320 --> 00:39:41,919
Speaker 1: physicist nightmares are made up. That and red buttons, rooms

755
00:39:41,960 --> 00:39:45,399
Speaker 1: with red buttons. One of these buttons will delete electrons

756
00:39:48,360 --> 00:39:54,840
Speaker 1: and the other might transfer all your funds to Horne. Alright,

757
00:39:54,880 --> 00:39:58,920
Speaker 1: so I'm pressed that Jason saturated your disaster scale, Like

758
00:39:58,960 --> 00:40:01,040
Speaker 1: you don't you would any want to see this movie? No?

759
00:40:01,200 --> 00:40:03,400
Speaker 1: I mean, what's going to happen? Everything blows up in

760
00:40:03,440 --> 00:40:06,680
Speaker 1: the first moment, boom would be over, Like there's no

761
00:40:06,840 --> 00:40:10,120
Speaker 1: drama there, just building anything. All right, Well, let's get

762
00:40:10,160 --> 00:40:12,759
Speaker 1: into his fourth scenario here, maybe that will have a

763
00:40:12,760 --> 00:40:16,520
Speaker 1: little bit more drama. So Jason writes, what would happen

764
00:40:16,640 --> 00:40:20,799
Speaker 1: if the Sun shuts down for two weeks but the

765
00:40:20,840 --> 00:40:23,759
Speaker 1: mass is still there. He's very cautious about that. It's

766
00:40:23,800 --> 00:40:26,479
Speaker 1: just he's saying, like, what if it's stuff stops giving

767
00:40:26,560 --> 00:40:29,400
Speaker 1: off light for two weeks? Right, Yeah, the Sun basically

768
00:40:29,400 --> 00:40:32,319
Speaker 1: goes dark or winks at us in you know, technical terms,

769
00:40:32,840 --> 00:40:35,640
Speaker 1: m But it's still there. It's still making the planets

770
00:40:35,760 --> 00:40:39,319
Speaker 1: go around. Um, but it's just not giving off any

771
00:40:39,440 --> 00:40:42,440
Speaker 1: light or particles. Like imagine if the Sun became a

772
00:40:42,480 --> 00:40:46,000
Speaker 1: black hole. It's effectively, what would happen for two weeks?

773
00:40:46,080 --> 00:40:47,760
Speaker 1: For two weeks, but then it came then it comes

774
00:40:47,800 --> 00:40:51,160
Speaker 1: back from vacation. Yeah. So I walked around and I

775
00:40:51,160 --> 00:40:54,040
Speaker 1: asked folks, were they worried about the sun shutting down?

776
00:40:54,120 --> 00:40:56,440
Speaker 1: And what do they think would happen in that scenario?

777
00:40:56,719 --> 00:40:58,399
Speaker 1: What do you think would be like on Earth? If

778
00:40:58,400 --> 00:41:00,919
Speaker 1: the sun shut down for like two weeks? I don't

779
00:41:00,920 --> 00:41:04,080
Speaker 1: think there would be life, But they're like, we'd all

780
00:41:04,080 --> 00:41:06,600
Speaker 1: die in within two weeks. I think so, plus like

781
00:41:06,880 --> 00:41:10,120
Speaker 1: then there'd be like no gravity. I don't know, It's like,

782
00:41:10,280 --> 00:41:12,520
Speaker 1: I don't think there would be life at all. So

783
00:41:12,640 --> 00:41:14,680
Speaker 1: what happened and the only one person was willing to

784
00:41:14,719 --> 00:41:17,680
Speaker 1: talk to you at this point? Everyone else right away?

785
00:41:17,760 --> 00:41:20,439
Speaker 1: After you ask people about electrons disappearing and all sorts

786
00:41:20,480 --> 00:41:23,480
Speaker 1: of stuff. Um, yeah, they sort of like I had

787
00:41:23,520 --> 00:41:25,920
Speaker 1: somewhere else to be. Do you made them rethink their

788
00:41:25,920 --> 00:41:28,040
Speaker 1: lives and what they're doing with their precious time that

789
00:41:28,160 --> 00:41:29,960
Speaker 1: we have here? Yeah, I hope they ran off at

790
00:41:30,000 --> 00:41:31,879
Speaker 1: to tell all their loved ones how important they are

791
00:41:31,920 --> 00:41:33,799
Speaker 1: to them. He's envisioning what would happen to if the

792
00:41:33,840 --> 00:41:38,160
Speaker 1: sun suddenly turned off, and but I guess physically we

793
00:41:38,160 --> 00:41:41,040
Speaker 1: wouldn't feel it right. Things would just go dark. Yeah.

794
00:41:41,160 --> 00:41:44,120
Speaker 1: First of all, the sun would keep burning for eight minutes,

795
00:41:44,200 --> 00:41:46,920
Speaker 1: apparently in the sky, because remember it takes time for

796
00:41:47,080 --> 00:41:49,759
Speaker 1: light to get here from the sun. So in the

797
00:41:49,800 --> 00:41:53,120
Speaker 1: first eight minutes or so this two week hiatus, things

798
00:41:53,160 --> 00:41:55,520
Speaker 1: would seem normal and then all of a sudden, boom,

799
00:41:55,800 --> 00:41:59,200
Speaker 1: the sun would go black and it's basically like nighttime

800
00:41:59,280 --> 00:42:02,560
Speaker 1: for two weeks. Astronomers would be very excited. They can

801
00:42:02,600 --> 00:42:06,160
Speaker 1: actually work for two weeks to weeks straight without sleeping.

802
00:42:06,200 --> 00:42:08,400
Speaker 1: Do you think they would be excited. They're brewing a

803
00:42:08,440 --> 00:42:12,319
Speaker 1: big pot of coffee and anticipation. Astronomers basically lose half

804
00:42:12,360 --> 00:42:14,640
Speaker 1: of their observing time because of the Sun. It just

805
00:42:14,760 --> 00:42:17,439
Speaker 1: blots out everything in the sky. So we would get

806
00:42:17,719 --> 00:42:20,840
Speaker 1: great views of the stars, right, and it sort of

807
00:42:21,280 --> 00:42:25,360
Speaker 1: blocks telescopes also, just from like light pollution to right.

808
00:42:25,440 --> 00:42:28,880
Speaker 1: It's not just the direct sunlight. It's also just like

809
00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:32,080
Speaker 1: light in our solar system. Yeah, and the heats of

810
00:42:32,120 --> 00:42:34,719
Speaker 1: the atmosphere and makes it wiggly, and so it makes

811
00:42:34,719 --> 00:42:37,600
Speaker 1: it harder to see that starlight that's sort of limped

812
00:42:37,640 --> 00:42:40,480
Speaker 1: across the universe for billions of years and finally gotten

813
00:42:40,520 --> 00:42:42,960
Speaker 1: here has to go through a wiggly atmosphere gets all

814
00:42:43,000 --> 00:42:45,440
Speaker 1: smeared out, and so the Sun is sort of the

815
00:42:45,520 --> 00:42:48,399
Speaker 1: enemy of astronomy. It's not particle physicists, it's the sun.

816
00:42:50,400 --> 00:42:52,879
Speaker 1: Particle physicists always beat astronomy. So we don't even think

817
00:42:54,960 --> 00:42:57,120
Speaker 1: I think we do bring an astronomy here to have

818
00:42:57,239 --> 00:43:01,960
Speaker 1: an arm wrestling fight with you here, intellectual arm wrestling. No.

819
00:43:02,239 --> 00:43:04,719
Speaker 1: We we love astronomers, and we feel a kinship of

820
00:43:04,760 --> 00:43:08,319
Speaker 1: course with all of physics, but especially with astronomers and cosmologists,

821
00:43:08,320 --> 00:43:11,120
Speaker 1: because we're all wondering about the big questions of the universe.

822
00:43:12,200 --> 00:43:14,840
Speaker 1: All right, well, it doesn't sound too catastrophic. It sounds

823
00:43:14,880 --> 00:43:18,200
Speaker 1: like we just get a too night, a two week night,

824
00:43:19,040 --> 00:43:20,759
Speaker 1: which sounds great to me because I can sleep the

825
00:43:20,760 --> 00:43:23,680
Speaker 1: whole catchup of my sleep, your sleep, you mostly work

826
00:43:23,680 --> 00:43:25,200
Speaker 1: on that. I get emails from you like three in

827
00:43:25,239 --> 00:43:28,160
Speaker 1: the morning, so you would get so much done if

828
00:43:28,160 --> 00:43:31,120
Speaker 1: the sound disappeared for two weeks, if me and thistronomers

829
00:43:31,160 --> 00:43:37,439
Speaker 1: would die from exhaustion, assuming your kids sleep for two weeks, right, yeah,

830
00:43:37,560 --> 00:43:39,239
Speaker 1: it'd be pretty hard though. You know, I don't think

831
00:43:39,280 --> 00:43:41,920
Speaker 1: it's very fun to endure two weeks of night. But

832
00:43:41,960 --> 00:43:44,239
Speaker 1: you know they're parts of the early that don't see

833
00:43:44,280 --> 00:43:47,719
Speaker 1: the sun for weeks and months at a time, right, yeah.

834
00:43:47,719 --> 00:43:50,960
Speaker 1: People are like near the North Pole. The sun sets

835
00:43:51,120 --> 00:43:54,359
Speaker 1: you know in whatever October November, depending where you are,

836
00:43:54,560 --> 00:43:56,960
Speaker 1: and then it just doesn't come up again in February

837
00:43:57,080 --> 00:44:00,799
Speaker 1: until February one. Depending on when it happens, some people

838
00:44:00,920 --> 00:44:05,040
Speaker 1: might not even notice. In the wintertime, folks would be like,

839
00:44:05,080 --> 00:44:07,640
Speaker 1: what are you talking about the sun? Is the sun

840
00:44:07,680 --> 00:44:11,439
Speaker 1: turned off? There's no sun anyway? Yeah, and it would

841
00:44:11,440 --> 00:44:13,279
Speaker 1: be more than just two weeks of night because we

842
00:44:13,280 --> 00:44:16,200
Speaker 1: rely on sort of the reheating of daytime, and so

843
00:44:16,239 --> 00:44:19,359
Speaker 1: eventually the earth we get pretty chilly. And the thing

844
00:44:19,400 --> 00:44:22,080
Speaker 1: I wonder about is like plants. You know, could plants

845
00:44:22,080 --> 00:44:24,680
Speaker 1: go for two weeks without any sun and then just

846
00:44:24,680 --> 00:44:29,040
Speaker 1: sort of like snap back into health two weeks later? Right? Yeah,

847
00:44:29,120 --> 00:44:31,279
Speaker 1: I can't plants. Would plants just kind of go into

848
00:44:31,360 --> 00:44:35,040
Speaker 1: hibernation or something? Yeah, it might like kill off agriculture

849
00:44:35,160 --> 00:44:37,920
Speaker 1: for a whole cycle, so we might all be hungry

850
00:44:37,960 --> 00:44:40,279
Speaker 1: for a year. Um. But you know, that's a sort

851
00:44:40,320 --> 00:44:43,160
Speaker 1: of for biologists, like if you shut down sunlight the

852
00:44:43,239 --> 00:44:45,600
Speaker 1: plants for two weeks, would they die or they come back?

853
00:44:45,880 --> 00:44:48,960
Speaker 1: I'm I'm guessing would all die, but you get definitely

854
00:44:49,080 --> 00:44:52,280
Speaker 1: reduced yields, so you have less food for that next winter.

855
00:44:52,760 --> 00:44:57,000
Speaker 1: Oh boy, so our culture or society might collapse. Yeah,

856
00:44:57,280 --> 00:45:00,400
Speaker 1: you know, I like reading science fiction novels that highlight

857
00:45:00,440 --> 00:45:04,279
Speaker 1: the sensitivity of our entire civilization. You know, like we

858
00:45:04,360 --> 00:45:07,560
Speaker 1: are all three days away from total riots. Like if

859
00:45:07,560 --> 00:45:10,600
Speaker 1: the trucks stopped driving and the supermarket shells were no

860
00:45:10,640 --> 00:45:13,160
Speaker 1: longer filled with food, were like three days away from

861
00:45:13,160 --> 00:45:16,680
Speaker 1: total chaos. Better stuck up on those lentils. It's right,

862
00:45:17,239 --> 00:45:20,239
Speaker 1: lentils exactly. Everybody should have lentils in their basement. Yeah,

863
00:45:21,160 --> 00:45:23,680
Speaker 1: all right, But then you're saying that the earth might

864
00:45:23,760 --> 00:45:26,840
Speaker 1: get colder, Like how much colder? Would we suddenly be

865
00:45:26,920 --> 00:45:30,360
Speaker 1: thrown into like a two week winter, or would it

866
00:45:30,840 --> 00:45:33,480
Speaker 1: we see it sort of slowly get chillier. It would

867
00:45:33,480 --> 00:45:35,000
Speaker 1: be sort of like a two week winter because you

868
00:45:35,120 --> 00:45:37,280
Speaker 1: get the dips for a nighttime, and then you wouldn't

869
00:45:37,320 --> 00:45:39,840
Speaker 1: come back up again during the day, and so you

870
00:45:39,920 --> 00:45:43,040
Speaker 1: just keep cooling off and getting colder and colder and colder,

871
00:45:43,320 --> 00:45:46,200
Speaker 1: and eventually if the sun was out for months or

872
00:45:46,320 --> 00:45:48,359
Speaker 1: weeks or years, and then you get a new ice

873
00:45:48,400 --> 00:45:50,920
Speaker 1: age and the earth would really frost over. On the

874
00:45:50,920 --> 00:45:54,560
Speaker 1: plus iby would solve global warming. On the negative side,

875
00:45:54,800 --> 00:45:58,239
Speaker 1: society might collapse. You forgot to add more astronomy and

876
00:45:58,320 --> 00:46:04,240
Speaker 1: cartoons to the plus est, right, more creativity for nighttime artist.

877
00:46:05,120 --> 00:46:07,600
Speaker 1: That's another I think that. I think that justifies the rest.

878
00:46:07,680 --> 00:46:10,640
Speaker 1: To be honest, maybe we should think about actually doing this. Yeah,

879
00:46:12,680 --> 00:46:17,200
Speaker 1: maybe Jason already thought about it, and that's why he's asking.

880
00:46:17,360 --> 00:46:20,440
Speaker 1: Jason's like using the other scenarios to make this one

881
00:46:20,480 --> 00:46:23,239
Speaker 1: sound reasonable. Right, He's worked it all out. He just

882
00:46:23,280 --> 00:46:25,080
Speaker 1: wants to make sure. I was thinking he was more

883
00:46:25,080 --> 00:46:27,040
Speaker 1: of the Calvin and Hobbs strategy, you know, the like,

884
00:46:27,239 --> 00:46:29,680
Speaker 1: hey mom, can I have a flamethrower? No? Well can

885
00:46:29,719 --> 00:46:32,640
Speaker 1: I have a cookie? Sure? He's like, can I turn

886
00:46:32,680 --> 00:46:34,759
Speaker 1: off all the electrons? No, don't do that. Can I

887
00:46:34,800 --> 00:46:36,680
Speaker 1: just turn off the sun for two weeks? All right?

888
00:46:36,760 --> 00:46:40,360
Speaker 1: That seems reasonable? Well, he I guess he has my permission.

889
00:46:40,400 --> 00:46:43,520
Speaker 1: If his options are trying to disappear electrons or turn

890
00:46:43,560 --> 00:46:46,880
Speaker 1: off the sun for two weeks, I would say, um,

891
00:46:47,160 --> 00:46:50,120
Speaker 1: turn off the sun. Yeah. So my vote for most

892
00:46:50,160 --> 00:46:54,280
Speaker 1: catastrophic would be turn off the electrons, then probably turning

893
00:46:54,280 --> 00:46:58,080
Speaker 1: off gravity, then the Earth spinning backwards, and then shutting

894
00:46:58,120 --> 00:47:00,080
Speaker 1: off the sun for two weeks. That would be the

895
00:47:00,160 --> 00:47:03,040
Speaker 1: least catastrophic in my book. All right, And that's that

896
00:47:03,239 --> 00:47:08,239
Speaker 1: covers the range from not so bad too ultimately bad too.

897
00:47:08,360 --> 00:47:11,520
Speaker 1: Please please please don't even think about this. Don't start

898
00:47:11,520 --> 00:47:14,279
Speaker 1: doing research on it, but don't imagine what would be

899
00:47:14,360 --> 00:47:15,800
Speaker 1: like or how much fun it would be. Let's just

900
00:47:15,840 --> 00:47:18,600
Speaker 1: avoid the topic. Wow, this really you don't even want

901
00:47:18,600 --> 00:47:21,920
Speaker 1: to talk about it, Daniel, let's wrap up the podcast.

902
00:47:21,960 --> 00:47:25,640
Speaker 1: I'm not Let's just thank you. This is triggering you.

903
00:47:25,719 --> 00:47:29,000
Speaker 1: I feel in ways that are making you uncomfortable. You know,

904
00:47:29,040 --> 00:47:32,160
Speaker 1: every time somebody has a crazy sounding idea that seems impossible,

905
00:47:32,280 --> 00:47:35,080
Speaker 1: somebody out there starts thinking about it and maybe that

906
00:47:35,320 --> 00:47:37,759
Speaker 1: isn't impossible. I have a few ideas, and that's how

907
00:47:37,800 --> 00:47:41,439
Speaker 1: research gets started. Man oh man, all right, let's let's

908
00:47:41,520 --> 00:47:45,080
Speaker 1: end the podcast then, before we before we go too far,

909
00:47:46,040 --> 00:47:48,200
Speaker 1: it might already be too late. All right, Well, I

910
00:47:48,239 --> 00:47:51,359
Speaker 1: think thinking about these scenarios is pretty interesting because, first

911
00:47:51,360 --> 00:47:53,160
Speaker 1: of all, it makes you think about how precious we

912
00:47:53,480 --> 00:47:56,080
Speaker 1: life is and here on earth. And also it kind

913
00:47:56,080 --> 00:47:58,560
Speaker 1: of makes you think about how at the whim of

914
00:47:58,600 --> 00:48:02,719
Speaker 1: these physical laws were you know, if if things change,

915
00:48:03,280 --> 00:48:05,560
Speaker 1: we might not be here. Yeah, we are in a

916
00:48:05,600 --> 00:48:08,720
Speaker 1: delicate balance, and the universe is this way which allows

917
00:48:08,760 --> 00:48:11,560
Speaker 1: for our life and our and our loves and everything

918
00:48:11,600 --> 00:48:14,560
Speaker 1: we enjoy about the universe, but if it was slightly different,

919
00:48:14,840 --> 00:48:16,960
Speaker 1: then we wouldn't be able to survive. And one of

920
00:48:16,960 --> 00:48:20,200
Speaker 1: the deepest questions in physics is could it be slightly different?

921
00:48:20,280 --> 00:48:22,880
Speaker 1: Why is it this way? Is this the only way

922
00:48:22,920 --> 00:48:26,000
Speaker 1: that the universe could be so we are a natural consequence?

923
00:48:26,440 --> 00:48:28,920
Speaker 1: Or are there billions of ways to have universes and

924
00:48:28,960 --> 00:48:31,000
Speaker 1: we just happen to be in this one. We don't

925
00:48:31,000 --> 00:48:33,279
Speaker 1: know the answer to that really basic question about our

926
00:48:33,280 --> 00:48:36,120
Speaker 1: own existence. And I like these questions because they sort

927
00:48:36,120 --> 00:48:38,479
Speaker 1: of make you think about all of those issues. Yeah,

928
00:48:38,560 --> 00:48:40,879
Speaker 1: the big question, like what would happen if we didn't

929
00:48:40,880 --> 00:48:44,520
Speaker 1: have Bruce willis who would go and nket that cosmic

930
00:48:44,560 --> 00:48:47,200
Speaker 1: banana if you couldn't call Bruce? All right, thank you

931
00:48:47,239 --> 00:48:49,560
Speaker 1: so much for joining us, and we hope you enjoyed that.

932
00:48:49,760 --> 00:48:51,359
Speaker 1: And if you have a question you'd like to hear

933
00:48:51,480 --> 00:48:53,920
Speaker 1: us talk about in a silly manner, please send it

934
00:48:53,960 --> 00:48:57,040
Speaker 1: to us at Questions at Daniel and Jorge dot com.

935
00:48:57,320 --> 00:49:07,160
Speaker 1: See you next time. Before you still have a question

936
00:49:07,200 --> 00:49:10,640
Speaker 1: after listening to all these explanations, please drop us a line.

937
00:49:10,680 --> 00:49:12,799
Speaker 1: We'd love to hear from you. You can find us

938
00:49:12,840 --> 00:49:16,640
Speaker 1: on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at Daniel and Jorge that's

939
00:49:16,640 --> 00:49:20,040
Speaker 1: one word, or email us at Feedback at Daniel and

940
00:49:20,160 --> 00:49:23,600
Speaker 1: Jorge dot com. Thanks for listening, and remember that Daniel

941
00:49:23,640 --> 00:49:26,160
Speaker 1: and Jorge explained. The Universe is a production of I

942
00:49:26,400 --> 00:49:29,839
Speaker 1: Heart Radio from More podcast from my heart Radio, visit

943
00:49:29,840 --> 00:49:33,360
Speaker 1: the i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you

944
00:49:33,440 --> 00:49:34,960
Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.