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Speaker 1: Welcome to zero. I'm Ashati this week a man her

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Speaker 1: plan Canada. On Tuesday, I was invited to interview the

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Speaker 1: Prime Minister of Canada, Justin Trudeau, at an event organized

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Speaker 1: by the Canadian Climate Institute and the Net Zero Advisory Body.

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Speaker 1: Trudeau was elected in twenty fifteen, just before the Paris

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Speaker 1: Agreement was signed. He's been in office for seven years

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Speaker 1: and has won three election on a climate mandate against

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Speaker 1: a climate skeptic Conservative party. It's still a very real

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Speaker 1: political debate in this country. There are still people who

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Speaker 1: are hellbent on reversing our approach on fighting climate change

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Speaker 1: and repealing a price on pollution, a price on pollution

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Speaker 1: that history is relying on to track their costs. It

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Speaker 1: is not a done debate. Trudeau pitches Canada as a

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Speaker 1: climate leader, one that has installed a series of bold

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Speaker 1: climate targets and policies in recent years, but a quick

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Speaker 1: scan of Canada's greenhouse gas emissions tells a different story,

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Speaker 1: one of little actual progress. Canada has the second highest

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Speaker 1: per capita's CEO TOO emissions in the G twenty and

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Speaker 1: its emissions remain persistently high at COP twenty six in

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Speaker 1: Glasgow last year Trudeau promised Canada would reduce its emissions

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Speaker 1: by forty five percent by twenty thirty. Meanwhile, Canada's oil

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Speaker 1: and gas production has soured and according to the government's plans,

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Speaker 1: will keep rising to the end of this decade. Twenty

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Speaker 1: thirty is only eight years away, and I really wanted

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Speaker 1: to understand from the Prime Minister when the country's emissions

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Speaker 1: will fall for Rio. Our conversation was recorded live in

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Speaker 1: front of an audience at the National Arts Center in

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Speaker 1: downtown Ottawa. Focuses on how Canada can achieve its climate

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Speaker 1: pledges this decade when it's economy and politics remains so

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Speaker 1: tigh to all in gas. No, thank you Prime Minister

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Speaker 1: for making the time. This is my first time in

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Speaker 1: North America at this time, and the colors are beautiful,

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Speaker 1: so thank you for putting on a show as well. Yes,

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Speaker 1: like the environment is federal responsibility, particularly these days in Canada,

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Speaker 1: so we're glad to put on a proper show. Now,

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Speaker 1: you guys got that. That's good. So in preparation for

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Speaker 1: this interview, we asked a lot of people to send

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Speaker 1: in questions and we're gonna try and get through as

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Speaker 1: many of them as possible and So let's start. Under

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Speaker 1: your watch, Canada's economy has grown eight percent and emissions

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Speaker 1: have largely remained flat. That seems like good news. But

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Speaker 1: if you compare yourself to any other G seven nation,

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Speaker 1: they have grown their economy and reduced emissions at the

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Speaker 1: same time, why have you failed. I'm going to start

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Speaker 1: off with the good questions. Then I think there's a

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Speaker 1: few things to understand about Canada. We are a country

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Speaker 1: of natural resources. We are a significant producer of fossil fuels.

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Speaker 1: We've been that way for a long time and that

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Speaker 1: has been one of the reasons why success of governments.

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Speaker 1: And we're also a big country, a cold country that

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Speaker 1: has real challenges around adapting to the transforming energy mix

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Speaker 1: that we're facing. But Canadians also know how important it

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Speaker 1: is to prepare for things that are coming, and we

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Speaker 1: know preparing for winter. We know that as the world

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Speaker 1: is changing, as the climate is shifting, we need to

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Speaker 1: prepare for it and we need to figure out how

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Speaker 1: to lead our way through it. And unfortunately, over many decades,

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Speaker 1: different parties put forward, including my own party, put forward

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Speaker 1: plans on fighting climate change or targets around fighting climate change.

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Speaker 1: It didn't relate necessarily to concrete plans. So in twenty

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Speaker 1: fifteen we decide to turn that around and we put

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Speaker 1: forward not just targets, but a plan to reach those

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Speaker 1: targets that included for the first time, a broad based

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Speaker 1: price on pollution that continues to be one of the

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Speaker 1: strongest in the world and is going to continue to

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Speaker 1: increase all the way to twenty thirty. Now, as people know,

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Speaker 1: having that take place is first of all, a political

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Speaker 1: challenge and a challenge in sending the right signals into

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Speaker 1: the economy, and it's taking a while, but I can

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Speaker 1: say that we are now on a track to reach

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Speaker 1: forty to forty five percent reduction by twenty thirty, and

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Speaker 1: we're going to be hitting that net zero by twenty fifty.

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Speaker 1: And we're going to do it not just because it's

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Speaker 1: the right thing to do for the planet, but because

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Speaker 1: we know, as everyone in this room knows, that's the

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Speaker 1: competitive advantage, that's the ability for us to create good

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Speaker 1: jobs and a strong future for all Canadians. Doing that

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Speaker 1: has required a lot of heavy lifting over the past

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Speaker 1: seven years. Quite frankly, we spend a lot of time

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Speaker 1: talking about the imperative of fighting climate change, the challenge

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Speaker 1: fighting climate change, and it is only more recently that

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Speaker 1: the opportunities we talked about that would come seven years ago,

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Speaker 1: we're starting to see as the world is shifting in

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Speaker 1: a much stronger way, as if positive feedback loops are

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Speaker 1: kicking in, as people are realizing, investors around the world

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Speaker 1: and citizens are realizing, both with the example of extreme

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Speaker 1: weather events but also the examples of good jobs and

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Speaker 1: solid investments in forward facing industries, that that shift is

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Speaker 1: here and it's coming. So there's always more work to do.

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Speaker 1: What we're serious about decarbonizing our energy mix. We're serious

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Speaker 1: about reaching net zero and we have concrete plans to

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Speaker 1: do that. And Cambon pricing is certainly a challenging policy

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Speaker 1: to pull off, especially at a federal level, and there's

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Speaker 1: no doubt that you've been able to pull it off

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Speaker 1: in a way that's starting to work. But if you

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Speaker 1: look at a comment from Jerry the Marco, Canada's Commissioner

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Speaker 1: off the Environment and Sustainable Development, who said last year

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Speaker 1: and I quote, Canada was once a leader and fighting

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Speaker 1: climate change. However, after a series of missed opportunities, it

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Speaker 1: has become the worst performer of G seven nations since

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Speaker 1: the Paris Agreement. Of course, you were elected just before

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Speaker 1: the Paris Agreement. Now you are legally bound to reach

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Speaker 1: forty five percent reduction by twenty thirty. In what year

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Speaker 1: will Canada's emissions start to fall at the pace required

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Speaker 1: for your plan? We have already seen a bending of

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Speaker 1: the curve of missions. We're already seeing the kinds of

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Speaker 1: investments that are going to get us to forty to

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Speaker 1: forty five percent reduced. We have a path to doing that,

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Speaker 1: and that's what we needed to get to, because it's

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Speaker 1: not just about preparing and bringing in the price on

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Speaker 1: pollution and sending the supports to Canadians that let us

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Speaker 1: do because quite frankly, you sort of glossed over a

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Speaker 1: little bit the challenges are bringing in a price on pollution.

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Speaker 1: Bringing in a broad based price on pollution was a

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Speaker 1: massive challenge, and quite frank we're now leading at top

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Speaker 1: twenty seven, sorry, top twenty six. In Glasgow. We were

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Speaker 1: pushing the Global Carbon Pricing Initiative, which is trying to

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Speaker 1: get sixty percent of global emissions under a price on pollution.

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Speaker 1: We're a long way from that. And no matter how

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Speaker 1: many times I go around and saying, look, you can

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Speaker 1: do it. I won two reelections on putting a broad

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Speaker 1: based price on pollution. People still think that it's a

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Speaker 1: real challenge, and unfortunately, people who are small c conservative

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Speaker 1: market based people are the ones who thought up the

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Speaker 1: idea of putting a price on pollution including externalities. Unfortunately,

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Speaker 1: it tends to be conservative politicians that are most resistant

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Speaker 1: to this straightforward mechanism, looking instead of bringing in heavy

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Speaker 1: regulations or doing other way, trying to do other ways

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Speaker 1: around it, when a price on pollution is the cleanest

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Speaker 1: way to do it. What we chose to do though,

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Speaker 1: was ensure that that price on pollution actually returns to

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Speaker 1: the average family more money than they can be expected

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Speaker 1: to spend with the cost of that price on pollution.

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Speaker 1: And that combines both support to families as we're fighting

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Speaker 1: climate change and clear signals to investors and to businesses

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Speaker 1: that things are going in that direction. Just on Wednesday,

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Speaker 1: I was at one of Canada's largest steel manufacturing plants,

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Speaker 1: our Slomitals to Fasco in Hamilton, and they're making it.

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Speaker 1: They made a four hundred million dollar investment in a

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Speaker 1: billion dollar project last year to get off coal fired

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Speaker 1: thermal steel and move onto carbon electric. Makes sense in

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Speaker 1: Canada because our grid is already eighty percent and anomitting,

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Speaker 1: so they're moving that. It's great for competitiveness. But what

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Speaker 1: I also highlighted was that price on pollution was going

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Speaker 1: to be hundreds of millions of dollars in penalties for

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Speaker 1: them by twenty thirty. And knowing that they could make

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Speaker 1: this investment and massively reduce the cost of producing their

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Speaker 1: steels otherwise was a big incentive. And making sure we're

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Speaker 1: laying out those incentives for people to move forward on

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Speaker 1: the right way is what's sending that signal to investors

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Speaker 1: that we're seeing now all over the world saying Okay,

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Speaker 1: Canada is not just getting it, but they're actually giving

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Speaker 1: us the rationale and the supports to do it. The

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Speaker 1: total cost of the plant Trudo is talking about is

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Speaker 1: actually one point eight billion dollars. The government's grant of

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Speaker 1: four hundred million dollars allows steel giant Arcellar Methal to

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Speaker 1: convert a steel plant that uses coal and iron ore

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Speaker 1: to one that uses crap metal, electricity and natural gas instead.

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Speaker 1: This transformation will cut some emissions and readiate for a

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Speaker 1: net zero future where natural gas can be replaced by hydrogen.

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Speaker 1: But while Trudeau says that the price and pollution was

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Speaker 1: the reason to do it, government advises also say that

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Speaker 1: without this subsidy, the plant would have shut down and

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Speaker 1: thousands of jobs would have been lost. So when we

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Speaker 1: talk about the path we have to hitting our targets

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Speaker 1: of twenty thirty and moving on towards net zero and fifty,

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Speaker 1: it's not just politicians talking. It's actual investments, it's actual deliverables.

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Speaker 1: It's actually showing that we have this path that is

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Speaker 1: no longer a political debate in this country. I mean,

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Speaker 1: let's be clear, there are still people who are trying

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Speaker 1: to debate it, and the new leader of the Conservative

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Speaker 1: Party is doubling down on saying that the price on

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Speaker 1: pollution is the wrong way to go. They don't have

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Speaker 1: an alternative. But the fact is, in the last three elections,

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Speaker 1: a majority of Canadians voted for parties that talked about

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Speaker 1: putting a price and keeping a price on pollution. That

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Speaker 1: ship has sailed. Let's try and touch on other policies

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Speaker 1: beyond cambon pricing. Another stat for you, Canada has the

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Speaker 1: second highest per capita emissions in the G twenty, after

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Speaker 1: Saudi Arabia. But ahead of Australia and the two Canadian

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Speaker 1: provinces that matter most when it comes to missions is

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Speaker 1: Ontario and emissions are falling, and Alberta, where emissions are

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Speaker 1: rising really rapidly. Now, Alberta has a new premier and

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Speaker 1: let's just say she doesn't like your climate policies. So

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Speaker 1: what specifically are you doing to work with her government

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Speaker 1: to address the emissions problem. It's interesting because you see

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Speaker 1: a position in which conservative politicians in Canada are actually

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Speaker 1: distancing themselves from the positions of the industries they're supposed

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Speaker 1: to protect. The oil and gas industry in Canada has

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Speaker 1: made very strong declarations about needing to get to net

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Speaker 1: zero by twenty fifty, have made massive investments in decarbonization,

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Speaker 1: and quite frankly, if people are concerned about as we

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Speaker 1: all should be about not just the well being of

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Speaker 1: those companies, those big investors in multi nationals, but of

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Speaker 1: the workers in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador and another

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Speaker 1: energy producing areas, we should be making sure that we're

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Speaker 1: investing in the kinds of jobs that are going to

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Speaker 1: be there for the future. We know that the skills

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Speaker 1: involved in building an oil pipeline or a natural gas

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Speaker 1: refining plant. Are the same kinds of skills, construction skills

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Speaker 1: and operating skills that you use to run a hydrogen plant,

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Speaker 1: to run a CCUS mechanisms. The kinds of jobs that

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Speaker 1: will be there in the greener economy are going to

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Speaker 1: be there for Alberton's But there is a political impediment

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Speaker 1: for conservative politicians in Canada who've spent a lot of

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Speaker 1: time denying the climate change Israel as an imperative, are

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Speaker 1: trying to pretend that we can go back to the

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Speaker 1: way things used to be, that the world is not changing,

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Speaker 1: despite the floods and forest fires and tornadoes and locusts

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Speaker 1: and frogs and all the other plagues that seem to

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Speaker 1: be coming at us in extreme weather events. The fact

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Speaker 1: is the world is changing. Alberton families get that. Unfortunately,

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Speaker 1: their politicians are not on their side right now, and

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Speaker 1: that's where when we're drawing in investments into clean hydrogen,

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Speaker 1: we're putting forward massive tax credits to put research into CCUS,

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Speaker 1: which is going to be an important part of the solutions,

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Speaker 1: as the IEA has highlighted. The IA, or the International

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Speaker 1: Energy Agency, is an inter governmental body that reports on

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Speaker 1: energy production and used globally. And what it has highlighted

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Speaker 1: is the need for Canada to invest in CCUS, which

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Speaker 1: stands for carbon capture, use and storage. It involves capturing

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Speaker 1: carbon dioxide from industrial sectors and steering it so it

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Speaker 1: doesn't go into the atmosphere. As we continue to prepare

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Speaker 1: for the transition towards decarbonizing, so that the low car

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Speaker 1: and barrels can come from Alberta can come from Canada.

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Speaker 1: This is how we're going to ensure jobs for the future,

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Speaker 1: not by hiding our heads in the sand and ignoring

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Speaker 1: the fact that the world is decarbonizing, that investors are

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Speaker 1: looking for people with a plan, looking for countries that

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Speaker 1: are on track to actually create those solutions. It will

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Speaker 1: be useful not just here but everywhere around the world.

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Speaker 1: So listen, Alberta politicians will continue to say what they say,

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Speaker 1: what Alberton's are actually saying, what industry leaders are actually saying,

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Speaker 1: is how do we manage this together? How do we

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Speaker 1: get the pace right so we can decarbonize quickly while

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Speaker 1: still being there to provide the very real short term

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Speaker 1: energy needs that quite frankly, the Russian invasion of Ukraine

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Speaker 1: and the global instability is going to require in the

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Speaker 1: short term even as we accelerate the transformation of our

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Speaker 1: energy mix, so build the Russian war and Ukraine delay

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Speaker 1: Nada's energy transition. No, it's accelerating it. It is absolutely accelerating.

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Speaker 1: As people are saying, wow, we built an economic model

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Speaker 1: and a prosperity in some parts of the room floating

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Speaker 1: in Europe that was reliant on energy inputs from Russia.

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Speaker 1: As they have to get off of that, people are realizing, Okay,

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Speaker 1: getting off Russian and oil and gas means getting onto

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Speaker 1: more oil and gas to replace that from elsewhere. But

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Speaker 1: it's also showing okay, but we need to accelerate our

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Speaker 1: moves off of oil and gas, or our moves to

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Speaker 1: decarbonize the gas at least so that we can actually

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Speaker 1: not be reliant on Russia, but more than that, not

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Speaker 1: be reliant as democracies on autocracies. I mean, we spent

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Speaker 1: a lot of time since the beginning of the war

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Speaker 1: in Ukraine pointing out that democracies with freedoms rights, with

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Speaker 1: thoughtful capitalist models are the best solution for people around

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Speaker 1: the world. And yes, you should all become democracies, except

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Speaker 1: we're sort of avoiding the fact that underpinning those democracies

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Speaker 1: is a reliance on cheap energy and cheap raw material

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Speaker 1: inputs from countries that do not share our values or

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Speaker 1: our approach. Forget on democracy, on things like human rights,

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Speaker 1: on environmental responsibility, on sustainability, on labor standards. So we

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Speaker 1: can actually make a case that democracy is better for

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Speaker 1: the world, that our Western civilization in all its forms,

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Speaker 1: is better if it's reliant on authoritarian dictatorships. So that's

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Speaker 1: where Canada comes in, right, Yeah, where we actually have

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Speaker 1: the kinds of resources that you'll find in a Russia

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Speaker 1: or a China. But we have labor standards, we have

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Speaker 1: environmental standards, we have democracy, we have human rights. We

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Speaker 1: recognize our challenges and mistakes and we work to tackle them.

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Speaker 1: We have freedom of expression and political freedoms that actually

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Speaker 1: make us more reliable, more robust, more resilient as trading partners.

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Speaker 1: I mean, people have understood the precariousness of global supply

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Speaker 1: chains in a post COVID era and having a company

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Speaker 1: a country like Canada that's already incredibly clean in its grid,

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Speaker 1: responsible in its environment, being a purveyor of critical minerals

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Speaker 1: that the world needs. So we're not reliant on countries

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Speaker 1: like China or energy, so we're not relying on Russia.

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Speaker 1: And Canada's positioned to be the supplier of energy in

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Speaker 1: a net zero world with all the things we're doing.

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Speaker 1: That's the way we're going. And yes, as you say,

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Speaker 1: it takes a little time to get going, but we're

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Speaker 1: on our way. But let's take that. So, if you're

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Speaker 1: going to be the clean Russia, the democratic Russia, the

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Speaker 1: energy provider that Russia is Canada. But you know that's

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Speaker 1: just me. You're going to have to build LERG plants

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Speaker 1: on the ast coast. You're going to have to dig

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Speaker 1: up more oil from the Aisle Sands to be able

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Speaker 1: to supply that oil to the world. That's going to

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Speaker 1: increase your domestic emissions. Are you willing to do that

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Speaker 1: for Europe's desire? What we are saying, and what we

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Speaker 1: have been saying, is we're going to be accelerating the transition.

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Speaker 1: We've already increased our production by the three hundred three

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Speaker 1: hundred million sorry, yeah, three hundred thousand barrels a day

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Speaker 1: of natural gas to put into the global system to

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Speaker 1: try to try and balance out some of the impacts

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Speaker 1: on Russia and Europe. But we know and this is

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Speaker 1: where I was pleased to welcome Chancellor Schultz to Germany

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Speaker 1: just a few months ago, to Newfoundland where there are

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Speaker 1: a dozen or so new hydrogen projects starting up based

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Speaker 1: on offshore wind, where we have room and space in

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Speaker 1: our grid to be able to create offshore wind that

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Speaker 1: can build hydrogen that'll send it over to Europe to

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Speaker 1: help them decarbonized now, but we know as well that

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Speaker 1: hydrogen is much as we can send over, will also

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Speaker 1: be an essential input into Canadian industrial processes as gray

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Speaker 1: as it is to export hydrogen around the world, being

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Speaker 1: able to use hydrogen at home to create cleaner processes.

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Speaker 1: I was just at Rio Tinto's Serell facility last week

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Speaker 1: as well, where they're talking about using hydrogen to process

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Speaker 1: titanium in a way that is going to be massively

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Speaker 1: reducing their emissions in producing the kinds of minerals that

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Speaker 1: we're going to need for that transition. So we're not

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Speaker 1: focused on increasing emissions at all. We're focused on actually

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Speaker 1: reducing our emissions. Yes, right now in the coming years,

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Speaker 1: coming a couple of years, we're going to need to

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Speaker 1: continue with the mechanisms we have, but the move off

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Speaker 1: of fossil fuels, of undecarbonizing what we do have is

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Speaker 1: going to happen much faster because of Russia. After the break,

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Speaker 1: I asked the Prime Minister how Canada can be the

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Speaker 1: energy supplier to the world without increasing emissions. So the

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Speaker 1: emissions reduction plan that you do have out of twenty

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Speaker 1: thirty does see oil production increasing. Of course under your watch,

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Speaker 1: it's gone up twenty five percent. You're in Canada already.

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Speaker 1: If you take an example of a company, a large

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Speaker 1: company BP, it also hasn't had zero plan and so

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Speaker 1: there's Canada by twenty fifty, same plans. When it figured

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Speaker 1: out that it needs to reach its twenty thirty targets,

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Speaker 1: it found that there was no way around reducing oil production,

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Speaker 1: and that's what they've done. But you are on track

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Speaker 1: to increase oil production. So how is it that you

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Speaker 1: can do better than BP at being able to meet

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Speaker 1: your climate goals while increasing fossil fuel production. Well, I'm

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Speaker 1: not going to speak to BP, but Canada is a

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Speaker 1: country that is a federation, and we have a federal

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Speaker 1: government tools, we have different tools and the provinces have

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Speaker 1: we get to regulate the environment. We actually had to

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Speaker 1: fight all the way to the Supreme Court on our

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Speaker 1: ability to regulate environment and federal government one over the

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Speaker 1: provinces that didn't want to be pricing pollution, and we

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Speaker 1: actually got to a place where we have a plan

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Speaker 1: to cut and cap emissions. Now, if the companies can

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Speaker 1: cut emissions and reduce their emissions, then there is room

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Speaker 1: within that to increase production. But the goal is and

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Speaker 1: any further oil plants or any further energy production is

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Speaker 1: going to have to fit into our emissions reduction plans.

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Speaker 1: That's what we laid out when we approve the latest

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Speaker 1: Project EBID. In all so, carbon capture is crucial to

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Speaker 1: be able to reach these climate goals because that's the

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Speaker 1: lever that the oil gas industry can pull. After the

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Speaker 1: Inflation Reduction Act passed in the US, the incent is

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Speaker 1: that US companies going to get for common capture is

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Speaker 1: much higher than those that are available in Canada. Will

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Speaker 1: you be increasing the Canadian incentives to match the US offer?

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Speaker 1: And when will you do that? We're going to absolutely

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Speaker 1: stay competitive. That's been something that has always been important

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Speaker 1: for Canada to stay competitive. But one of the reasons

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Speaker 1: the US has to do so much more is they

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Speaker 1: don't have a price on pollution. They have to do

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Speaker 1: through regulations and incentives and subsidies. What we are already

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Speaker 1: doing a lot of heavy lifting around with a price

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Speaker 1: on pollution. But absolutely we are looking at we already

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Speaker 1: move forward on strong tax incentives on CCUS. We're always

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Speaker 1: going to look more on how to be competitive with

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Speaker 1: the IRA. It is raising the bar in a great way.

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Speaker 1: They're starting to catch up to where Canada is, which

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Speaker 1: is a good thing. But we still have advantages in

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Speaker 1: the price on pollution. We still have advantages in drawing

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Speaker 1: in investments from around the world. But about ninety percent

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Speaker 1: of the oil and gas emissions do not really get

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Speaker 1: covered under the price of pollution that you have right now,

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Speaker 1: so it's not really kicking in for the oil and

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Speaker 1: gas sector at all. So how are you making the comparison? Oh?

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Speaker 1: I think if you talk to the oil and gas sector,

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Speaker 1: they're very aware of the fact that we have a

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Speaker 1: price own pollution. It's continuing to rise until twenty thirty

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Speaker 1: and and they are changing their behaviors because it, and

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Speaker 1: they're being great partners on that. So I disagree with

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Speaker 1: your statement. Okay, let's take the inflation reduction and stick

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Speaker 1: with it. They're going to funnel hundreds of billions of

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Speaker 1: dollars in clean technologies. So who the US through the

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Speaker 1: Inflation Reduction Act? Now, Canada is a smaller economy, fewer people.

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Speaker 1: But if you take the comparable sums, do you think

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Speaker 1: you'll be able to put in as many billions of dollars?

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Speaker 1: Not hundreds, maybe tens to be competitive with your neighbor

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Speaker 1: and when we'll be here about those plants. Canada, over

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Speaker 1: the course of its existence, has always been very aware

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Speaker 1: of what the US has done. It's our largest trading partner.

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Speaker 1: When they took a jump in turn over the past

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Speaker 1: four years, we had to make sure that we were

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Speaker 1: staying competitive in all sorts of different ways with our taxes,

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Speaker 1: with our incentives for businesses. But we also know that

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Speaker 1: Canada has a lot more to offer than just trying

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Speaker 1: to compete on prices, and we will make sure we're competitive.

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Speaker 1: But for example, when we made an when we saw

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Speaker 1: an investment Monday Monday, I was out at a suburb

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Speaker 1: of Ottawa here in Canada making announcement that Nokia is

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Speaker 1: going to be creating one of its top five research

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Speaker 1: and development hubs in the world. Here in Ottawa of

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Speaker 1: all places, and it was a forty million dollar investment

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Speaker 1: by the federal government. Now that's that's real money. But

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Speaker 1: there's a lot of company countries that would have offered

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Speaker 1: for forty million dollars to be one of the central

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Speaker 1: research and development hubs for Nokia in the world. If

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Speaker 1: Nokia is choosing to come to Canada, it's not just

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Speaker 1: because we were able to offer them forty million dollars

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Speaker 1: on a two hundred and fifty five million dollar investment.

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Speaker 1: It's because the investment climate, the workers, the extraordinary well educated,

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Speaker 1: growing workforce in Canada that we have, the innovative scientists,

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Speaker 1: the support for new technologies, the support for innovation that

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Speaker 1: we're doing in Canada, the quality of life where people

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Speaker 1: come work here. There is a whole package of stability

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Speaker 1: an opportunity that Canada is offering that quite frankly, when

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Speaker 1: you look at the investments by Stilantis, by U mccore,

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Speaker 1: by GM in the auto industry, when you look at

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Speaker 1: Rio Tinto, when you look at Nokia, when you look

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Speaker 1: at all the other investments that we've been drawing in.

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Speaker 1: Because Canada has a better resilience and stability and climate

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Speaker 1: plan and predictability and track of investments. You see that

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Speaker 1: it's not just about who can offer the best cash

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Speaker 1: sweetener incentives. That's not necessarily companies. They'll look for that

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Speaker 1: and I'll take the money, but they're also looking for

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Speaker 1: where are those jobs and those workers going to come

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Speaker 1: from in the coming decades working in what's the quality

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Speaker 1: of life that they're offering to their employees, what are

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Speaker 1: the opportunities for families to be raised in successful global

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Speaker 1: places where, for example, we have a free trade deal

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Speaker 1: with every other the only G seven country with a

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Speaker 1: free trade deal with every other G seven country. There

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Speaker 1: are all these things that line up in favor of Canada,

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Speaker 1: things that we've been talking about for seven years that,

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Speaker 1: to be entirely honest, we're just starting to see really

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Speaker 1: click into place over the past couple of years. But

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Speaker 1: those pitches and those investments mean that we will always

434
00:26:44,760 --> 00:26:47,080
Speaker 1: be able to stay competitive with the United States. So

435
00:26:47,080 --> 00:26:49,879
Speaker 1: we're coming close to the end of our conversation, so

436
00:26:49,920 --> 00:26:51,720
Speaker 1: I've wanted to bring in a couple of questions I've

437
00:26:51,720 --> 00:26:54,960
Speaker 1: got from the audience. One is from ajitnir Engin and

438
00:26:55,040 --> 00:26:58,840
Speaker 1: he asked, kinda has the tenth highest historical contribution to

439
00:26:58,880 --> 00:27:02,160
Speaker 1: the climate problem ahead of France and Australia in total

440
00:27:02,280 --> 00:27:05,919
Speaker 1: zero two emissions cumulative that's set in the atmosphere today. Now,

441
00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:08,760
Speaker 1: under the Paris Agreement, Canada has a responsibility to be

442
00:27:08,840 --> 00:27:12,600
Speaker 1: able to compensate developing countries for the losses caused by

443
00:27:12,600 --> 00:27:15,080
Speaker 1: climate change. Just look at what happened in Pakistan over

444
00:27:15,080 --> 00:27:18,880
Speaker 1: the summer. The Environment Ministry told me that Canada is

445
00:27:19,520 --> 00:27:21,960
Speaker 1: arguing for loss and damage to be on the agenda

446
00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:26,760
Speaker 1: at COP twenty seven, and that's very welcome by developing countries. Now,

447
00:27:26,800 --> 00:27:28,840
Speaker 1: how much money will you be providing to the loss

448
00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:33,760
Speaker 1: and damage fund? We've moved forward with at Paris about

449
00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:37,720
Speaker 1: two point six billion dollars in climate financing. We've up

450
00:27:37,840 --> 00:27:42,120
Speaker 1: that at in Glasgow to five point eight billion dollars.

451
00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:45,760
Speaker 1: But also it was Canada with Germany that is pushing

452
00:27:45,800 --> 00:27:48,960
Speaker 1: hard to get to the one hundred billion dollars a

453
00:27:49,040 --> 00:27:52,040
Speaker 1: year in climate finance, and we've actually been living up

454
00:27:52,119 --> 00:27:55,520
Speaker 1: to that. What Trudo is talking about here is one

455
00:27:55,600 --> 00:27:58,600
Speaker 1: hundred billion dollars climate finance fund that was announced in

456
00:27:58,640 --> 00:28:01,440
Speaker 1: two thousand and nine. The idea is for developed countries

457
00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:04,720
Speaker 1: to provide money to developing countries to invest in projects

458
00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:08,400
Speaker 1: that cut emissions or help them adapt to a warming planet.

459
00:28:09,400 --> 00:28:11,920
Speaker 1: The question I asked was about a separate fund called

460
00:28:11,960 --> 00:28:14,880
Speaker 1: the Loss and Damage Fund, were developed countries with their

461
00:28:14,920 --> 00:28:19,240
Speaker 1: historical contribution to the climate problem compensate developing countries for

462
00:28:19,320 --> 00:28:23,320
Speaker 1: the damages caused by climate impacts. Denmark has provided some

463
00:28:23,359 --> 00:28:26,800
Speaker 1: money toward that fund already, but no other rich country

464
00:28:26,840 --> 00:28:30,520
Speaker 1: has yet stepped up. We're going to continue to be

465
00:28:30,640 --> 00:28:33,600
Speaker 1: part of all these conversations and make sure that we

466
00:28:33,680 --> 00:28:39,360
Speaker 1: are flowing capital to environmental initiatives, to resilient infrastructure initiatives,

467
00:28:39,360 --> 00:28:42,920
Speaker 1: to energy initiatives that are good for the climate around

468
00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:45,200
Speaker 1: the world. That's a part of the conversation we're going

469
00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:47,080
Speaker 1: to continue to have. But I'm not going to preclude

470
00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:49,400
Speaker 1: the conversations that I know will be happening at COP

471
00:28:49,440 --> 00:28:51,720
Speaker 1: twenty Well, let's stick with COP twenty seven though, because

472
00:28:51,920 --> 00:28:54,320
Speaker 1: last year when you came to Glasgow, you said Canada

473
00:28:54,400 --> 00:28:58,240
Speaker 1: must do more and faster, and it said since then,

474
00:28:58,560 --> 00:29:01,240
Speaker 1: you've been able to put out some policies that you're

475
00:29:01,240 --> 00:29:03,560
Speaker 1: going to implement, not all of them have been implemented.

476
00:29:03,880 --> 00:29:05,720
Speaker 1: With that in mind, what exactly are you going to

477
00:29:05,760 --> 00:29:10,600
Speaker 1: bring to this call. First of all, Canada continues to

478
00:29:10,640 --> 00:29:14,600
Speaker 1: step up on leadership on the Global Pricing initiative. More

479
00:29:14,680 --> 00:29:19,120
Speaker 1: countries need to be able to adopt pricing on pollution,

480
00:29:19,280 --> 00:29:23,720
Speaker 1: on carbon pollution if we're going to send consistent messages

481
00:29:23,760 --> 00:29:27,640
Speaker 1: around the world as we talk about carbon border adjustment challenges,

482
00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:30,960
Speaker 1: recognizing there are places around the world that do not

483
00:29:32,080 --> 00:29:34,920
Speaker 1: do anything to fight climate change, do not include any

484
00:29:34,960 --> 00:29:38,760
Speaker 1: of the externalities in their production processes, and companies in Canada,

485
00:29:38,800 --> 00:29:43,760
Speaker 1: in other responsible countries are unfairly competing against countries that

486
00:29:43,800 --> 00:29:48,240
Speaker 1: are free riding on everyone else. Carbon border adjustment mechanism

487
00:29:48,400 --> 00:29:51,120
Speaker 1: is just a fancy way of saying tariffs attached to

488
00:29:51,160 --> 00:29:54,520
Speaker 1: the emissions of important goods. This is a policy that's

489
00:29:54,520 --> 00:29:58,680
Speaker 1: currently being pursued in Europe. Let's understand it through an example.

490
00:29:59,600 --> 00:30:03,720
Speaker 1: China produces cheap steel in a common intensity out competing

491
00:30:03,840 --> 00:30:07,320
Speaker 1: cleaner European steel factories that have to pay for their pollution.

492
00:30:08,480 --> 00:30:11,680
Speaker 1: Europe is now proposing that China steel should have an

493
00:30:11,760 --> 00:30:14,960
Speaker 1: import direct placed on it unless it matches the common

494
00:30:15,040 --> 00:30:18,680
Speaker 1: in density of European steel. So we need to make

495
00:30:18,720 --> 00:30:22,440
Speaker 1: sure that we are accounting for the investments that we

496
00:30:22,480 --> 00:30:25,520
Speaker 1: are making to keep everyone safer by leading in the

497
00:30:25,520 --> 00:30:27,280
Speaker 1: fight on climate change, and that's a big part of

498
00:30:27,280 --> 00:30:30,000
Speaker 1: the conversation we're going to continue to have. We're also

499
00:30:30,560 --> 00:30:34,680
Speaker 1: moving forward this fall on hosting the Nature cop in Montreal,

500
00:30:34,760 --> 00:30:39,880
Speaker 1: and we know that protecting biodiversity and moving forward on

501
00:30:39,920 --> 00:30:42,760
Speaker 1: protecting nature is going to be unbelievably important, which is

502
00:30:42,760 --> 00:30:45,360
Speaker 1: why we world attracted protecting thirty percent of our land

503
00:30:45,400 --> 00:30:47,959
Speaker 1: and thirty percent of our coasts by twenty thirty and

504
00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:50,280
Speaker 1: that right, there's a lot of countries that have talked

505
00:30:50,280 --> 00:30:52,880
Speaker 1: about those sorts of things. We have the longest coastline

506
00:30:52,920 --> 00:30:55,880
Speaker 1: in the world. We are the second largest country by

507
00:30:56,040 --> 00:30:58,640
Speaker 1: geography in the world, and there's lots of smaller countries

508
00:30:58,800 --> 00:31:01,120
Speaker 1: that have committed to that. Having a big country to

509
00:31:01,280 --> 00:31:04,080
Speaker 1: it is going to move the dial significantly. Yeah, now

510
00:31:04,160 --> 00:31:06,640
Speaker 1: let's stick to the nature. So there's another question from

511
00:31:06,680 --> 00:31:09,960
Speaker 1: the audience about forests. This is from OSCAR and the

512
00:31:10,040 --> 00:31:12,400
Speaker 1: question is there was a recent study from the NRDC

513
00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:15,560
Speaker 1: that said if you take emissions from the logging industry,

514
00:31:15,680 --> 00:31:18,400
Speaker 1: they match the emissions from the oil sands industry. Now,

515
00:31:18,400 --> 00:31:20,240
Speaker 1: we've talked a lot about oil and gas, we've talked

516
00:31:20,280 --> 00:31:23,160
Speaker 1: about carbon capture. We've talked about technologies that need to

517
00:31:23,200 --> 00:31:26,960
Speaker 1: be deployed in that same time when the logging emissions

518
00:31:27,000 --> 00:31:30,400
Speaker 1: matched up with oil sands. In the last twenty years

519
00:31:30,400 --> 00:31:34,600
Speaker 1: seven of as you've been Prime Minister, the forests in

520
00:31:34,640 --> 00:31:37,400
Speaker 1: Canada have gone from being a carbon sink to being

521
00:31:37,400 --> 00:31:40,200
Speaker 1: a carbon source. So now you don't just have emissions

522
00:31:40,200 --> 00:31:42,560
Speaker 1: from the fossil fuel industry to account for, you also

523
00:31:42,600 --> 00:31:46,720
Speaker 1: have to reduce emissions from natural sources. With the cop

524
00:31:46,760 --> 00:31:49,680
Speaker 1: coming up, what is it that you're doing on forests

525
00:31:49,720 --> 00:31:52,120
Speaker 1: that will help? First of all, like I said, our

526
00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:56,120
Speaker 1: commitment to protect thirty percent of our land by twenty

527
00:31:56,160 --> 00:31:57,959
Speaker 1: thirty is going to go a long way towards that.

528
00:31:58,560 --> 00:32:01,680
Speaker 1: We're also going to be planned two billion more trees.

529
00:32:02,280 --> 00:32:05,000
Speaker 1: Canada already plants hundreds of millions of trees every year

530
00:32:05,120 --> 00:32:10,000
Speaker 1: within our forestry industry that has made huge strides in

531
00:32:10,040 --> 00:32:13,680
Speaker 1: reducing its emissions and being more environmentally responsible. At Canada's

532
00:32:13,680 --> 00:32:18,800
Speaker 1: forestry industries are among world leaders in forestry sustainable practices.

533
00:32:19,280 --> 00:32:21,520
Speaker 1: And on top of that, we're going to be moving

534
00:32:21,560 --> 00:32:27,000
Speaker 1: forward and protecting wetlands. In recognizing the important role that

535
00:32:27,080 --> 00:32:31,480
Speaker 1: our coastal and marine areas have in protecting climate change.

536
00:32:32,040 --> 00:32:34,640
Speaker 1: We know that protecting our oceans is one of the

537
00:32:34,680 --> 00:32:37,480
Speaker 1: most important things we can do in terms of protecting

538
00:32:37,840 --> 00:32:41,200
Speaker 1: protecting biodiversity in the future years, so we'll continue to

539
00:32:41,200 --> 00:32:44,920
Speaker 1: do that. Then, just the final question, because it's hard

540
00:32:44,960 --> 00:32:50,400
Speaker 1: to not hear what you're saying and realize that those

541
00:32:50,440 --> 00:32:53,920
Speaker 1: are all great things, but the emissions don't lie. The

542
00:32:53,960 --> 00:32:56,760
Speaker 1: emissions are rising in the oil and gas sector, emissions

543
00:32:56,760 --> 00:33:00,720
Speaker 1: are rising in the transport sector, emissions are rising in nature,

544
00:33:00,840 --> 00:33:04,800
Speaker 1: in the land use sector. And you've been Prime Minister

545
00:33:04,840 --> 00:33:07,520
Speaker 1: on a climate mandate for seven years, four more years,

546
00:33:07,520 --> 00:33:10,239
Speaker 1: you may have another election that to him, when do

547
00:33:10,280 --> 00:33:13,800
Speaker 1: you think emissions will actually start falling? Which year? Give

548
00:33:13,840 --> 00:33:18,440
Speaker 1: me a year. Emissions in a number of sectors are decreasing,

549
00:33:18,920 --> 00:33:22,080
Speaker 1: and let's just take a perfect example. One of the

550
00:33:22,080 --> 00:33:24,760
Speaker 1: things we're working on right now is getting a net

551
00:33:24,840 --> 00:33:27,960
Speaker 1: zero electricity grid by twenty thirty five. That's going to

552
00:33:28,040 --> 00:33:30,479
Speaker 1: be hugely important because even as we know people are

553
00:33:30,480 --> 00:33:33,960
Speaker 1: switching over to electric vehicles, we need to make sure

554
00:33:33,960 --> 00:33:37,160
Speaker 1: that they're charging those vehicles off of a net zero grid.

555
00:33:37,560 --> 00:33:39,920
Speaker 1: And what Canada is focused on in that is a

556
00:33:39,960 --> 00:33:43,400
Speaker 1: way of driving down emissions is not just producing the

557
00:33:43,440 --> 00:33:47,760
Speaker 1: critical minerals, but actually transforming the critical minerals, as we

558
00:33:47,800 --> 00:33:51,240
Speaker 1: saw at Rio Tinto just last week, in more environmentally

559
00:33:51,280 --> 00:33:55,800
Speaker 1: friendly ways. Developing the batteries. We have investments in battery

560
00:33:55,800 --> 00:34:00,320
Speaker 1: productions here, lithium batteries. We're moving forward on produce. Seeing

561
00:34:00,360 --> 00:34:03,760
Speaker 1: the evs in Canada, you know, the challenges with the

562
00:34:03,840 --> 00:34:06,120
Speaker 1: United States got fixed and we're now going to be

563
00:34:06,200 --> 00:34:09,319
Speaker 1: part of that market to build evs in North America.

564
00:34:09,560 --> 00:34:12,040
Speaker 1: On top of that, we're investing in charging stations. We

565
00:34:12,120 --> 00:34:17,319
Speaker 1: have incentives on percentages of zero mission vehicles that need

566
00:34:17,360 --> 00:34:20,320
Speaker 1: to be sold and lots across the country, and finally

567
00:34:20,840 --> 00:34:24,640
Speaker 1: supports for consumers on buying the evs. So we have

568
00:34:25,000 --> 00:34:29,919
Speaker 1: the entire arc of that and you cannot look at

569
00:34:30,760 --> 00:34:35,640
Speaker 1: different solutions in isolation. We have to look at the

570
00:34:35,680 --> 00:34:37,879
Speaker 1: map of where we're going as a country. And what

571
00:34:37,920 --> 00:34:43,400
Speaker 1: we've been doing consistently is recognizing that the jobs and

572
00:34:43,440 --> 00:34:46,520
Speaker 1: the stability of the future is going to come from

573
00:34:46,560 --> 00:34:50,799
Speaker 1: investing in fighting climate change, in growing our economy and

574
00:34:50,840 --> 00:34:54,160
Speaker 1: sustainable ways, and quite frankly, not just for our own sakes,

575
00:34:54,200 --> 00:34:56,680
Speaker 1: but creating those solutions that are going to be needed

576
00:34:56,920 --> 00:35:00,840
Speaker 1: for the world. And yes, you caught me. We still

577
00:35:00,840 --> 00:35:03,680
Speaker 1: produce oil and gas in this country, aren't you clever? Actually,

578
00:35:04,800 --> 00:35:09,879
Speaker 1: the fact is we are doing more to bend that

579
00:35:09,960 --> 00:35:13,520
Speaker 1: curve in more difficult circumstances than just about any other

580
00:35:13,880 --> 00:35:16,759
Speaker 1: stable democracy around the world. Of course, I say stable democracy,

581
00:35:16,800 --> 00:35:19,279
Speaker 1: I execute a whole bunch of countries these days. But

582
00:35:19,360 --> 00:35:24,440
Speaker 1: the reality is we are on a track to hit

583
00:35:24,840 --> 00:35:29,680
Speaker 1: our carbon reduction targets, to grow the number of jobs

584
00:35:29,920 --> 00:35:34,160
Speaker 1: and good careers for Canadians, and to get to net

585
00:35:34,239 --> 00:35:38,439
Speaker 1: zero by twenty fifty. And quite frankly, Canada, with its

586
00:35:38,520 --> 00:35:42,560
Speaker 1: natural resources, with its human resources, with its openness to

587
00:35:42,600 --> 00:35:47,080
Speaker 1: immigration and diversity, with the understanding of the resilience that

588
00:35:47,120 --> 00:35:50,279
Speaker 1: brings to our workforce and our investment climate, and our

589
00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:55,120
Speaker 1: political stability, Canada is one of those places where the

590
00:35:55,160 --> 00:36:00,400
Speaker 1: future is being built right now and Canadians are fully

591
00:36:00,480 --> 00:36:02,400
Speaker 1: in it to be along for the ride. And that's

592
00:36:02,480 --> 00:36:05,040
Speaker 1: what Canada gets to offer the world right now. Now.

593
00:36:05,160 --> 00:36:08,680
Speaker 1: I will get called out by security from the Parliament

594
00:36:08,680 --> 00:36:10,160
Speaker 1: if I don't let you go, but let me ask

595
00:36:10,200 --> 00:36:12,839
Speaker 1: you one question with a yes or no answer. So

596
00:36:13,080 --> 00:36:16,200
Speaker 1: Canada's first climate plan was implemented more than thirty years ago.

597
00:36:16,360 --> 00:36:19,160
Speaker 1: This is Prime Minister Brian mulroney, who set out a

598
00:36:19,160 --> 00:36:22,320
Speaker 1: plan to stabilize emissions at nineteen ninety levels by two thousand.

599
00:36:23,239 --> 00:36:26,920
Speaker 1: There have been eight climate plans since, yet Canada's emissions

600
00:36:26,920 --> 00:36:29,880
Speaker 1: today are twenty percent higher than they were in nineteen ninety.

601
00:36:30,719 --> 00:36:34,920
Speaker 1: Can you guarantee this time will be different? Yes? Wonderful? Yes,

602
00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:41,440
Speaker 1: because every other plan was faced on targets. Any politician

603
00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:45,600
Speaker 1: for the target, can you actually build a plan to

604
00:36:45,680 --> 00:36:49,080
Speaker 1: do it? Make the trade offs and fight for a

605
00:36:49,120 --> 00:36:53,640
Speaker 1: price on carbon pollution and make those shifts like we're seeing.

606
00:36:53,640 --> 00:36:56,040
Speaker 1: I mean, and I make light of the fact because

607
00:36:56,080 --> 00:36:58,360
Speaker 1: in this room people understand that this is where the

608
00:36:58,400 --> 00:37:02,160
Speaker 1: world is going. It's a very real political debate in

609
00:37:02,200 --> 00:37:05,319
Speaker 1: this country. There are still people who are hell bent

610
00:37:06,120 --> 00:37:12,759
Speaker 1: on reversing our approach on fighting climate change and repealing

611
00:37:13,040 --> 00:37:15,840
Speaker 1: a price on pollution, a price on pollution that industry

612
00:37:15,920 --> 00:37:20,319
Speaker 1: is relying on to track their costs. It is not

613
00:37:20,760 --> 00:37:24,640
Speaker 1: a done debate, and activists can poke holes and this

614
00:37:24,800 --> 00:37:28,080
Speaker 1: and that and everything else, sure, but how are we

615
00:37:28,120 --> 00:37:31,520
Speaker 1: actually going to get there? I mean, what I started

616
00:37:31,520 --> 00:37:34,279
Speaker 1: with was the point that you ended with that there

617
00:37:34,320 --> 00:37:37,400
Speaker 1: have been decades of people saying we're going to act

618
00:37:37,520 --> 00:37:40,080
Speaker 1: to fight climate change. And what we've seen over the

619
00:37:40,080 --> 00:37:44,680
Speaker 1: past seven years is it's hard to actually do it

620
00:37:44,760 --> 00:37:49,239
Speaker 1: because you get pushback from the right saying, oh, no, no,

621
00:37:49,320 --> 00:37:52,279
Speaker 1: you can't, you can't fight climate change, you don't need

622
00:37:52,320 --> 00:37:54,600
Speaker 1: to fight climate change, and you get pushback from the

623
00:37:54,719 --> 00:37:56,719
Speaker 1: left saying, oh, you're not doing enough, you're not doing

624
00:37:56,760 --> 00:38:02,040
Speaker 1: fast enough. Getting it actually done within a stable democracy

625
00:38:02,840 --> 00:38:05,480
Speaker 1: in a way that builds a path for the future,

626
00:38:05,520 --> 00:38:10,399
Speaker 1: that can actually give confidence and inspire Canadians that there

627
00:38:10,480 --> 00:38:12,560
Speaker 1: is room for them in the future, there's room for

628
00:38:12,600 --> 00:38:16,960
Speaker 1: their community, for their kids. That's the big challenge. That's

629
00:38:17,000 --> 00:38:19,280
Speaker 1: what we've been focused on, and that's what we're seeing

630
00:38:19,960 --> 00:38:26,319
Speaker 1: Canadians come to as we demonstrate that the leadership we've

631
00:38:26,360 --> 00:38:31,200
Speaker 1: shown on fighting climate change not without challenges, but the

632
00:38:31,280 --> 00:38:37,160
Speaker 1: steadfastness we've had on this is bringing in the investments,

633
00:38:37,480 --> 00:38:42,200
Speaker 1: the solutions and the innovations that are going to lead

634
00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:45,839
Speaker 1: not just Canada but the world economy in the coming years.

635
00:38:45,880 --> 00:38:47,960
Speaker 1: And that's what I'm excited about and that's why this

636
00:38:48,040 --> 00:38:50,600
Speaker 1: is such a good country to be serving. Thank you

637
00:38:50,640 --> 00:38:54,920
Speaker 1: so much for taking that the counts that were fun.

638
00:38:55,239 --> 00:39:07,600
Speaker 1: Thanks for the life. It was a privilege to have

639
00:39:07,640 --> 00:39:11,120
Speaker 1: this opportunity to sit down with the Prime Minister. I

640
00:39:11,160 --> 00:39:13,799
Speaker 1: did not get all the answers I wanted, but to

641
00:39:13,880 --> 00:39:16,560
Speaker 1: be fair, there aren't that many world leaders who can

642
00:39:16,600 --> 00:39:19,600
Speaker 1: grapple with the complexities of the climate challenge as well

643
00:39:19,640 --> 00:39:23,120
Speaker 1: as Trudo does. An extra special thanks to the Canadian

644
00:39:23,160 --> 00:39:26,880
Speaker 1: Climate Institute and the Net zero Advisory Body for inviting

645
00:39:26,880 --> 00:39:30,320
Speaker 1: me to this interview. Thanks so much for listening to Zero.

646
00:39:30,560 --> 00:39:33,520
Speaker 1: If you like the show, please rate, review and subscribe,

647
00:39:33,960 --> 00:39:37,520
Speaker 1: Tell a friend or tell a Canadian. If you've got

648
00:39:37,560 --> 00:39:39,880
Speaker 1: a suggestion for a guest or topic or something you

649
00:39:39,960 --> 00:39:42,239
Speaker 1: just want us to look into, get in touch at

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Speaker 1: zero pod at Bloomberg Dot. Net Zero's producer is Oscar

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Speaker 1: Boyd and senior producer is Christine riskoll. Our theme music

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Speaker 1: is composed by Wonderley. I took advice from many people

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Speaker 1: in preparation for the interview. A special thanks to Rick Smith, Katabreio,

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Speaker 1: Jerry the Marco, Gerald Bats, Daniel Boco. Theo argutis Brian Platt,

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Speaker 1: Sarah Herjie, Chris Stark, Fatima Saieth and all those who

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Speaker 1: can't be named. I'm Akshatrati Back next week,