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Speaker 1: Welcome to stuff you should know from how Stuff Works

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Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark,

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Speaker 1: and there's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and there's Jerry over there.

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Speaker 1: We're just horsing around saying who's ah, who's are Actually

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Speaker 1: I think people might like a little recree of what

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Speaker 1: just happened. Let's hear it. Jerry said, I need to

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Speaker 1: check levels. We didn't really say anything, and she went,

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Speaker 1: all right, you ready? And you said we didn't say

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Speaker 1: anything for levels. She said, I don't need you to

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Speaker 1: say anything. She's like, in fact, I needed to stop talking. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And then I had to wait until she said start talking.

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Speaker 1: She mouthed, start talking, monkey, goodness me, is that where

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Speaker 1: we are? How's it going? It's good. I just want

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Speaker 1: to before we really get started, check on the point something.

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Speaker 1: I'm not sure if you know this or not. Boy,

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Speaker 1: you have a paper clip holding your glasses together. At first,

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Speaker 1: I was like, is he just storing the paper clip?

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Speaker 1: And I thought, no, he's not storing a paper clip

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Speaker 1: and keep that tucked in his cheek. If he were

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Speaker 1: just storing it like everything else the story, it's on

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Speaker 1: the arm of your glasses where your glasses meet the

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Speaker 1: body you see there goes through. It's the it's acting

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Speaker 1: as the screw because the thing, the screw, came out

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Speaker 1: and I need my glasses on in order to put

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Speaker 1: the screw in the glasses. It's quite a conundrum. Were

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Speaker 1: you raised in Oklahoma in the depression? You know why?

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Speaker 1: Because you can get other glasses. Dude, that's how busy

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Speaker 1: I am. I can't go by the glasses store. I

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Speaker 1: don't need new ones. I just need someone with tiny

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Speaker 1: fingers and good vision from Oklahoma could probably help you

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Speaker 1: to put the screw. Ironically, Uh, and this is this

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Speaker 1: works so well. I stuck this the paper clip in there,

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Speaker 1: bent it around and I kind of like it. It

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Speaker 1: is it's handsome. It's a handsome. Look. I think you're

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Speaker 1: gonna start there. Well, I like it. Boy, Um, thanks

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Speaker 1: for playing lunch. So we're talking today. The reason I

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Speaker 1: said Who's Ah? Who's Ah? Is because we're talking Robin Hood?

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Speaker 1: Is that from Robin Hood? No, it's actually from the

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Speaker 1: movie Role Models, the Paul Rudd movie. I like that movie.

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Speaker 1: It's good and I saw it the other day again,

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Speaker 1: good dumb fun. Yeah, I love it. You know he

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Speaker 1: like wrote that Rudd. Yeah he's great. I like Stifflers. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he's his little buddy in the movie or whatever they

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Speaker 1: call him. Ronnie. Yeah he was Ronnie. Yeah, he's amazing.

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Speaker 1: I expect great, great things from that kid, at least

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Speaker 1: I hope so. Well. Anyway, I was watching Roll Miles

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Speaker 1: the other day and one of the Lark guys comes

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Speaker 1: up and goes, who's ah, And I was like, I

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Speaker 1: always thought it was huzzah. Strickland always says it's dressed

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Speaker 1: up like the King of the Renaissance Festival. Yeah, those

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Speaker 1: Larpe those Larpe scenes were funny too write. But the

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Speaker 1: guy comes up and says, who's ah. So I was like,

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Speaker 1: I can't wait to incorporate that somehow. Robin Hood, here

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Speaker 1: we go, Prince of Thieves. Yeah. And the reason why

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Speaker 1: that would work is because the LARPers were set in

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Speaker 1: the medieval era, and everyone knows Robin Hood set in

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Speaker 1: the medieval era. But actually that's totally incorrect. Yeah, most

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Speaker 1: of the time when you see Robin Hood had set

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Speaker 1: in the Tudor era in England, almost almost invariably in

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Speaker 1: Sherwood Forest, which is a wooded area and about the

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Speaker 1: right smack dab in the center of England. Um, and

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Speaker 1: the everybody running around is acting like it's the fourteen hundreds,

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Speaker 1: maybe the fift hundreds. And that's all well and good.

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Speaker 1: If you're making a Disney version of it, reality just

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Speaker 1: goes right out the window. Right, it's Disney. It's a cartoon,

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Speaker 1: for goodness sake. Everybody lighten up. But it's entirely possible.

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Speaker 1: And there it's a good one. And there are historians

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Speaker 1: who believe that there was a real Robin Hood, and

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Speaker 1: they have spent a lot of time and effort trying

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Speaker 1: to track down exactly who it might be, exactly when

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Speaker 1: he might have lived. And my money, a lot of

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Speaker 1: historians place it right around the beginning of the twelve

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Speaker 1: hundred thirteenth century in England, long before the tutors were

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Speaker 1: ever even a twinkle in anybody's loins. Uh. Here's my

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Speaker 1: bet is that Robin Hood is a an amalgam amalgam

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Speaker 1: of a few dudes that, uh, the writers of history

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Speaker 1: have filled in some blanks and then the writers of

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Speaker 1: literature just like ran with it. Yeah, that's that's my

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Speaker 1: take on it as well, is that it's a few

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Speaker 1: people served as role models for it role models on

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Speaker 1: a new planet, Paul RhoD Is everywhere. But there are

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Speaker 1: some people who still think that there was no such

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Speaker 1: person at all, or maybe even persons might have been

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Speaker 1: wholly created. Sure, but then on the opposite side, there

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Speaker 1: are some people and there are few and far between.

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Speaker 1: From what I can tell, we believe there was a

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Speaker 1: single person named Robin Hood who did most of this

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Speaker 1: stuff and was the basis for these legends that they're

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Speaker 1: called people who want to sell books. So there's right,

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Speaker 1: there's like they're like Robin Hood case closed stamp. There's

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Speaker 1: like a whole spectrum that you can just walk right

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Speaker 1: up and say, I believe this, and you're as right

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Speaker 1: as anybody on the Robin Hood train. Yeah. So if

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Speaker 1: we go back in time, um, you know, I think

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Speaker 1: everyone knows that early historians had a lot of blanks, uh,

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Speaker 1: and they weren't the most reliable narrators because they would

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Speaker 1: just fill them in with stuff they made up. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because I think they didn't. I don't know if they

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Speaker 1: realized that early on. I'm speculating here that they were

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Speaker 1: really historians, yeah, that they're like recording history. I think

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Speaker 1: it was more like, hey, this is a good story,

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Speaker 1: and I don't know in five hundred years people are

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Speaker 1: going to be taking this as is written history. They're

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Speaker 1: spinning yarn in this case. I don't think that's correct.

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Speaker 1: I think that they were They considered themselves actual historians

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Speaker 1: who were getting to the bottom of history, but they

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Speaker 1: had a worldview, and specifically with robin Hood, it was

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Speaker 1: I think fifteenth century or sixteenth century Scottish historians who

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Speaker 1: were the ones who really kind of gave us the

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Speaker 1: image of robin Hood that was drunk, the robbing from

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Speaker 1: the rich to give to the poor, the chivalry, um,

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Speaker 1: a lot of that stuff. Anti establishment. Yeah, that actually

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Speaker 1: was part of it before they had to kind of

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Speaker 1: figure out how to make that one work because it

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Speaker 1: didn't make sense to them at the time. But they

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Speaker 1: basically said, here, we've got these ballads that were written

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Speaker 1: in the hundred's the fourteenth century, and um, we think

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Speaker 1: they're historical, so we're gonna try to put this in context.

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Speaker 1: And the stuff we don't understand, we're just gonna make up,

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Speaker 1: but we're gonna pass it off as real. So there's

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Speaker 1: this if you it's one of those great things like

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Speaker 1: with fairy tales. We know all these Fasure Tales, and

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Speaker 1: you remember we did those those episodes on it. Those

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Speaker 1: are good, but if you strip away the stuff that's

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Speaker 1: been added over the years and get to the bare bones,

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Speaker 1: it's way darker. It's just child abuse. A lot different yeah,

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Speaker 1: and a lot different, um than than what we know

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Speaker 1: and love, as you know, for in this case the

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Speaker 1: robin Hood legend. Right, So if you want to look

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Speaker 1: at literature, like you mentioned these ballads, the actual canon

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Speaker 1: for robin Hood, the very first mentioned is uh one

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Speaker 1: called Piers Plowman p I E. R s like Piers

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Speaker 1: Morgan exactly from William Langland about thirteen seventy seven. Uh,

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Speaker 1: And then there were a host of other ballads, um,

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Speaker 1: and this is all what it was, this Middle English,

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Speaker 1: I think. So is that what you call it? I

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Speaker 1: don't know, maybe even old with like wise for for

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Speaker 1: vowels and things like that like Cannonbury Tales stuff. I

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Speaker 1: really don't know if that's Middle or Old English. Anyway,

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Speaker 1: it's barely legible. It is a little and that is

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Speaker 1: spelled l y T y l L, which is great

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Speaker 1: a little just of robin Hood. That was was that

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Speaker 1: like Sean Connery and maybe dope, Uh, just of robin Hood.

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Speaker 1: That's straight up says Robin Hood. And then a few

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Speaker 1: more robin Hood in the Monk, Robin Hood in the

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Speaker 1: Potter robin Hood, and Guy of Gisborne, and Robin Hood

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Speaker 1: in the Temple of Doom. That one was super dark.

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Speaker 1: It was very dark. The author had just broken up

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Speaker 1: with his girlfriend, and I think that's what brought us

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Speaker 1: the PG. Thirteen rating. It was not mistaken. Um. So

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Speaker 1: whether or not you believe this stuff basically has to

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Speaker 1: do with whether or not these early songs you think

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Speaker 1: are just songs or a matter of history historical record. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And like that's how before people commonly wrote stuff down.

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Speaker 1: Like at this time when this stuff was being written,

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Speaker 1: the people who are writing it were monks. Those are

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Speaker 1: the only people educated enough to write. UM. But people

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Speaker 1: still pass stories down and they did it through oral histories.

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Speaker 1: So it's entirely possible that these early ballads were meant

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Speaker 1: to We're created to um commemorate a person or people

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Speaker 1: or events or something like that, and then just over

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Speaker 1: time we lost weight a minute. Are these fiction or nonfiction?

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Speaker 1: But you're right, like that's the divide when it comes

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Speaker 1: to approaching UM. Robin Hood from an historical advantage, like

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Speaker 1: are these just totally fiction or are they meant to

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Speaker 1: commemorate something that actually happened. Yeah, and it's easy through

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Speaker 1: today's lens to dismiss these things as songs. But back then,

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Speaker 1: like you're saying, it's like, what better way to remember

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Speaker 1: history than to set it to Uh? Come on, Eileen?

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Speaker 1: Why that man? Why did you just do that? That's

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Speaker 1: a great song. It was the first thousand times I

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Speaker 1: heard it. Oh, you don't like anywhere, you know. That's

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Speaker 1: one of the problems is it's like it's like they

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Speaker 1: just made ten songs in the eighties and that's all

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Speaker 1: you ever hear. There were so many more songs Burning

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Speaker 1: down the house. It was once a great song as well.

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Speaker 1: I'm going to see David burndon Knight. Oh cool. So

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Speaker 1: you won't listen to come On, Aileen, but you'll regurgitate

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Speaker 1: the what's up Budweiser guys from the nineties, I've heard

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Speaker 1: that less frequently. Um, what connection did I hear recently

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Speaker 1: from the guy who directed those I think he's directing

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Speaker 1: movies now or something. The guy who directed those commercials.

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Speaker 1: They're like, you may like, you've never heard of this

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Speaker 1: movie director. But you ever, right, remember these guys Like

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Speaker 1: that was the gist of it. I'm surprised those ads

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Speaker 1: never got like a full movie themselves. It was that

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Speaker 1: that definitely that era, Oh for sure. Remember the Caveman

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Speaker 1: from the Guy co Eds. They had their own TV

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Speaker 1: show for yeah, like for like three episodes see that. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: this totally could have been a TV show. Call it.

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Speaker 1: What's up? Guys? Right, what's happening? Was taken? All right?

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Speaker 1: So where were we we were talking about the talking heads.

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Speaker 1: Let's talk about the forest. Well, the reason we're talking

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Speaker 1: about the forest is because while a character may or

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Speaker 1: may not have existed, the stuff in the ballads definitely

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Speaker 1: bears a strong resemblance actual historical events. Yeah right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the forest is significant here because at the time in

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Speaker 1: the Middle Ages, um how much it had a percentage

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Speaker 1: of two thirds of the land in England were was

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Speaker 1: forest land And it was sort of a It was

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Speaker 1: a place where the king, it was a place where

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Speaker 1: people could go hide out. So that's where it gets

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Speaker 1: this sort of outlaw uh lore is it was a

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Speaker 1: legit place for outlaws to go do their business, right,

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Speaker 1: but it was also an outlaw hide out because just

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Speaker 1: by hanging out in the forest, you were by definition

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Speaker 1: and outlaw because of those forest laws that were super

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Speaker 1: unpopular among people. You know, forest law means what. I

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Speaker 1: don't know what. I'll tell you what days, what happens

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Speaker 1: in the forest days in the forest, Yeah, unless unless

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Speaker 1: somebody comes out and blabs about what goes on in

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Speaker 1: the forest. Do you remember, like being a kid though,

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Speaker 1: hanging out in the forest, in the woods, like playing.

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Speaker 1: I grew up in on two acres in the woods,

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Speaker 1: so I was always in the woods its own place.

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Speaker 1: So you can imagine like your whole country is like that,

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Speaker 1: and like that's how you're living. You're just an outlaw

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Speaker 1: with your buddies hanging out, having a camp fire every night,

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Speaker 1: eating roast pig that you find wandering around. Yeah, but

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Speaker 1: it was weird because the king could like that was

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Speaker 1: his land where he could go have you know, go

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Speaker 1: hunting and have his his dudes hunting. But it was

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Speaker 1: also lawless in a place to hide. It was weird.

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Speaker 1: There's a lot going on in the forest, right. So

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Speaker 1: the reason why you were just by definition and outlaw

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Speaker 1: if you were hanging out in the forces, because the

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Speaker 1: king had these forest laws that said all this forest,

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Speaker 1: this is mine, this is for my hunting, my friends hunting,

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Speaker 1: and that's it. If you're hanging out in the forest,

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Speaker 1: you're breaking the law. And it was like a big law,

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Speaker 1: and like there were serious punishments for so just being

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Speaker 1: in the forest made you an outlaw. But even more

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Speaker 1: than that, the people who went and lived in the

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Speaker 1: forest weren't like on the run necessarily from the King

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Speaker 1: and the King's officials. They were like at war with

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Speaker 1: the King and the king's officials. This is a time

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Speaker 1: where like just some schmoke like you or me could

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Speaker 1: like wage war directly with the King of England and

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Speaker 1: gave him to come fight us, basically, And that's kind

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Speaker 1: of what happened. And that's why the forest was a

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Speaker 1: backdrop for um all of the robin Hood legends from

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Speaker 1: the beginning of the ballads up to the Um the

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Speaker 1: robin Hood men and Tights, they were all set in

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Speaker 1: the forest. And because this happened, the forest laws were

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Speaker 1: passed and everyone was really upset about it. So, whether

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Speaker 1: it's a metaphor or whether they're saying, like the king

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Speaker 1: did this and we need to commemorate it, or they

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Speaker 1: were just you know, building a foundation for why this

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Speaker 1: action was taking place. The forest like plays a huge role. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and there's there's a new Robin Hood movie coming out.

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Speaker 1: You know. It's crazy, Like it seems like every couple

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Speaker 1: of years this this just won't die. They're gonna do

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Speaker 1: a new version of it. And there's a new one

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Speaker 1: with the kid from Kidn't Play with kids from Kidn't Play.

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Speaker 1: He's awesome. He does that like jump through is remember

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Speaker 1: held his foot and then jump through the used to that. No,

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Speaker 1: I never could, Yeah, I would just fall flat on

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Speaker 1: my face. Young Chuck was a little more fleet of foot. Uh.

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Speaker 1: It's got the kid from the Kingsman, you know that guy.

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Speaker 1: He plays Robin Hood and Jamie Uh, Jamie Fox is

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Speaker 1: a little John I guess, but it's you know, of

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Speaker 1: course this one he's he's shooting like literally like five

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Speaker 1: arrows at once and they all managed to go in

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Speaker 1: different directions somehow. Oh is it a comedy? No, No,

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Speaker 1: it's real Okay, Like there's guys coming at him from

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Speaker 1: different and so he'll put like three arrows and shoot

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Speaker 1: them at the same time. Yet they'll all like spread

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Speaker 1: out like a machine gun fire or something. Shotgun and

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Speaker 1: for some weird reason, he's going he yeah, every every shot.

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Speaker 1: And then I was looking at movies today just while

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Speaker 1: we're on that, and I totally forgot there was a

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Speaker 1: Russell Crowe version that I didn't even see. I think

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Speaker 1: that was just Robin Hood, right, Robin Hood from like

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Speaker 1: two thousand and ten Scott, Yeah, No, that's not the one.

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Speaker 1: There's one that like historians are like, this is about

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Speaker 1: as close to accurate as we've gotten. Well, I looked

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Speaker 1: up on the Russell crow and then I think the

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Speaker 1: deal is that one is a prequel of sorts because

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Speaker 1: it's it's like the Wars before he became you know,

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Speaker 1: Robin Hood, uh that you know, robson and gives to

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Speaker 1: the poor. I would go check that one out. The

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Speaker 1: one that I was thinking of was from It was

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Speaker 1: directed by John Irvin Um starring Patrick Bergen, remember him,

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, and Uma Thurman. That's the one. The historians

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Speaker 1: are like, this this really the best out of all

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Speaker 1: of them. As I like that movie when it came out,

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Speaker 1: I'll admit it. I saw JFK on the plane to

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Speaker 1: Australia and I gotta tell you, as it came up,

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Speaker 1: a Costner fan with that one guy is a great actor.

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Speaker 1: You fell in love all over again. Yeah, well, I

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Speaker 1: specifically avoid a draft day so I could leave the

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Speaker 1: door open to be a fan again. Yeah yeah, that's funny.

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Speaker 1: I don't remember. I'll remember was that preview for draft day.

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Speaker 1: That's all I saw, too. But I just remember that

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Speaker 1: they built up in that previews it's about the NFL drafts,

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Speaker 1: something so big, Like I can't believe that happened. It's

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Speaker 1: gonna I was like, what did they like kill somebody

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Speaker 1: in the draft room? Now they drafted calling Kaepernick Kaepernick,

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Speaker 1: that's so you Kaepernick. Whatever, Let's take a break. I

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Speaker 1: feel like we're off the rails and we're lost in

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Speaker 1: the forest. Yeah, and we'll come back right utter this

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Speaker 1: watch why Ska. But you should know that hyk you

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Speaker 1: should know y ska that you should know knows. But

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Speaker 1: Josh Clark, by the way, I want to say, I

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Speaker 1: admire calling Kaepernick or Kaepernick, and I meant no disrespect

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Speaker 1: by saying his name. You're right, that is just so me.

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Speaker 1: Of course I knew you're kneeling right now. In fact,

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Speaker 1: I know that you knew, but I just wanted to

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Speaker 1: sure you know um all right, so they're in the forest.

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Speaker 1: The forest makes historical sense, like we pointed out, that's

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Speaker 1: where outlaws did their bidding. Um. And now we should

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Speaker 1: talk about the king because it's sort of not all

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Speaker 1: over the map. But there's a few a few people

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Speaker 1: that some historians believe could have been the King of note. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but what's what's weird is if you read those original

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Speaker 1: ballads that are spelled all crazy, they mentioned the king once.

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Speaker 1: Out of all of them, there's just one mention of

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Speaker 1: the king, and they they refer to him as Edward

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Speaker 1: are comely King, Yeah, which I think is Edward three. Right,

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Speaker 1: that's what some historians say, Uh, if you take the

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Speaker 1: ballads that face value and that they were written contemporaneously

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Speaker 1: to Robin Hood's exploits, right, But a lot of people,

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Speaker 1: and even in the popular um culture, the kings that

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Speaker 1: are most associated with the Robin Hood legend are Richard

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Speaker 1: the Lion Heart and his brother, the sniveling villain, King John.

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Speaker 1: He's always sniveling and weney in the mo and so

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Speaker 1: in the in the robin Hood legends, Robin Hood frequently

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Speaker 1: helped Richard the Lionheart regain his throne from King John.

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Speaker 1: Who had scheme to get it away from him. King

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Speaker 1: John's the villain. King King really Robin Hood's the hero,

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Speaker 1: but King Richard's like the backup hero. Um. But they

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Speaker 1: they think that it's possible, and some of the best

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Speaker 1: candidates for who Robin Hoo was based on. Actually we're

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Speaker 1: running around and interacting with the real life King John,

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Speaker 1: if not also King Richard too. Yeah, but that doesn't

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Speaker 1: make sense time wise, right, because unless they just took

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Speaker 1: a while to get around to writing these stories, because

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Speaker 1: they were around a hundred years before the first Robin

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Speaker 1: Hood ballad started appearing, right, which, in my opinion, lends

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Speaker 1: credence to the idea that the ballads are folklore based

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Speaker 1: on actual events, because that time span is just about

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Speaker 1: not enough for things to be kind of changed and

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Speaker 1: compressed and added to and um for a folklore to develop.

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Speaker 1: Like think about if you're describing like an outlaw, Like

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Speaker 1: if you or I like wrote something about Billy the

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Speaker 1: Kid based on stuff we'd heard, what will we come

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Speaker 1: up with? It'd be close, but it wouldn't be like accurate,

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Speaker 1: right right, Yeah, that's a good point. Uh. Richard though,

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Speaker 1: had a pretty interesting story um when he died and

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Speaker 1: this is something that is not lower but is uh

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Speaker 1: is close to recorded fact as we can get. He

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Speaker 1: was walking around the perimeter of a chateau in France,

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Speaker 1: um where he that was just there was a battle

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Speaker 1: going on, basically didn't have I get the feeling that

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Speaker 1: it was sort of winding down. So he may have

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Speaker 1: d chainmailed and was like just airing out his armpits

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Speaker 1: or something. And he was shot with a crossbow in

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Speaker 1: the shoulder. Ordinarily might not have been a big deal,

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00:20:57,240 --> 00:21:02,280
Speaker 1: but it turned gangrenous. Uh. And some people say as

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Speaker 1: he was dying, he said, bring me the man who

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Speaker 1: shot me, and they bring the man and he like

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Speaker 1: forgave him and said spare this man. I may die,

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Speaker 1: but do not do anything to him. But that's not

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Speaker 1: how it turned out, is it. It's not. The guy's

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Speaker 1: named Peter Basil. And after the king died, Uh, everybody

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Speaker 1: turned to Peter Basil and it was like, you're know

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Speaker 1: you're dead, right, He's like, I probably figured it's yeah.

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Speaker 1: It's like I was really hoping that wasn't the case.

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Speaker 1: But but didn't. Didn't you hear him? He just said right, mother,

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Speaker 1: But they flayed him alive, which meant peeling the skin

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Speaker 1: off of his head while he was alive, and then

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Speaker 1: after he endured a lot of agony, they hanged him

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Speaker 1: without the skin because I'm sure they peeled it off

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Speaker 1: of his neck as well. Imagine how bad a hanging

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Speaker 1: would be. But then without your skin on your neck,

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Speaker 1: adding insult to injuries what it is? Yeah, So it

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Speaker 1: was custom at the time that you bury um the

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Speaker 1: king in different places, which sounds really horrific now, but

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Speaker 1: he was. He was cut up in buried different places,

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Speaker 1: heart in Normandy, his entrails and shallows and apparently the

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Speaker 1: rest of his remains in anjou. Right. So that was

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Speaker 1: a good brother. Yeah, that was Richard the lion Heart.

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Speaker 1: So he wasn't like deposed by his brother John. Um,

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Speaker 1: he actually died. He he was king for two years

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Speaker 1: after their father. Um what was his name, Henry, I

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Speaker 1: believe Henry the second? Yeah, Henry the second? Right? Yeah, Okay,

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Speaker 1: So um, after Henry the Second died, Richard took over

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Speaker 1: for two years. Then he dies and then John uh

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Speaker 1: ascends to the throne terror and John was like he's

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Speaker 1: known among historians is the worst king England's ever had. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he was like you said he was paranoid, he was

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Speaker 1: had no scruples, he was humorless. Um, he was just

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Speaker 1: not a good guy. They point out in this article

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Speaker 1: you sent he was the opposite of Robin Hood and

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Speaker 1: that he took from the rich and the poor and

396
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Speaker 1: just gave it to himself. I actually wrote that, did

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Speaker 1: you write that? Very well done, thank you, Thank you everybody.

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Speaker 1: It sounded like a Josh Clark line. And in the movies,

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Speaker 1: like John's always just sort of a just that he's

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Speaker 1: sort of a whiny baby. He is, but he's also

401
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Speaker 1: very powerful and very evil and deadly, yes and vindictive,

402
00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:25,760
Speaker 1: right yeah, so um, this is in real life. That's

403
00:23:25,760 --> 00:23:28,320
Speaker 1: how he's remembered and described. He was very well known

404
00:23:28,400 --> 00:23:30,919
Speaker 1: for being a heavy taxer. He would take your state

405
00:23:31,400 --> 00:23:33,760
Speaker 1: and he would use these funds to like enrich himself

406
00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:38,560
Speaker 1: basically like you're saying, Um, But he was the the

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Speaker 1: noble or he was the king that the nobles rebelled

408
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Speaker 1: against and forced to sign the Magna Carta. That was John.

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Speaker 1: That means that he was such a bad king that

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Speaker 1: his own people rose up and took London hostage and

411
00:23:53,720 --> 00:23:56,359
Speaker 1: forced him to negotiate with them, and he signed this

412
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Speaker 1: document that forms the basis of civil and individual liberties

413
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Speaker 1: in the Western world. You know, the Magnet cart As

414
00:24:04,040 --> 00:24:07,159
Speaker 1: signed in twelve fifteen, So John was forced to sign that,

415
00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,359
Speaker 1: and this rebellion is kind of um part of the

416
00:24:10,440 --> 00:24:14,880
Speaker 1: robin Hood legend as well. Yeah, he wasn't cool, no,

417
00:24:15,840 --> 00:24:18,919
Speaker 1: but just everything going on around him was cool. And

418
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Speaker 1: I think that the point of John, and the reason

419
00:24:22,080 --> 00:24:24,399
Speaker 1: why I think that that that he was part of

420
00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:27,520
Speaker 1: the basis of the robin Hood legend historically, is that

421
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Speaker 1: prior to John, when his father was king, there was

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Speaker 1: a respect for the rule of law and things were

423
00:24:35,320 --> 00:24:39,160
Speaker 1: just kind of run well, like the king didn't act

424
00:24:39,200 --> 00:24:42,119
Speaker 1: above the law. Well, King John was very much not

425
00:24:42,200 --> 00:24:44,359
Speaker 1: like that. He was above the law and acted like

426
00:24:44,400 --> 00:24:47,240
Speaker 1: it and flaunted it. So when his father was around,

427
00:24:47,760 --> 00:24:50,439
Speaker 1: the idea of an outlaw and al law was a villain.

428
00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:54,520
Speaker 1: By the time John took over, um or after John

429
00:24:54,520 --> 00:24:58,240
Speaker 1: took over, that had reversed. The outlaw was in opposition

430
00:24:58,240 --> 00:25:00,919
Speaker 1: to the king. The law was what was corrupt, and

431
00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:04,520
Speaker 1: so John's reign kind of gave this fertile ground for

432
00:25:04,600 --> 00:25:08,520
Speaker 1: a legend like robin Hood, an outlaw hero to develop,

433
00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:11,480
Speaker 1: possibly for the first time in Western culture. Yeah, it

434
00:25:11,600 --> 00:25:13,800
Speaker 1: was prime time for something like this to take hold.

435
00:25:14,560 --> 00:25:18,200
Speaker 1: So as far as who Robin Hood may have been, um,

436
00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:20,879
Speaker 1: historians have tossed a lot of people into the into

437
00:25:20,920 --> 00:25:23,920
Speaker 1: the pot over the years, uh, and most of them

438
00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:29,480
Speaker 1: have some variation of that name. Um, there was a

439
00:25:29,600 --> 00:25:33,520
Speaker 1: Robin with a y hod h o d um. A

440
00:25:33,720 --> 00:25:40,960
Speaker 1: Robert Hood or robertis not bad. That was Gilbert Robin Hood? Sure,

441
00:25:41,080 --> 00:25:44,720
Speaker 1: why not with a y n um. So all these

442
00:25:44,760 --> 00:25:47,480
Speaker 1: historians are like, oh, it's got to be these three guys, right, yeah,

443
00:25:47,600 --> 00:25:51,400
Speaker 1: Robin Hood with a you. But here's what some other

444
00:25:51,440 --> 00:25:54,280
Speaker 1: folks have finally said, is you know what I think

445
00:25:54,359 --> 00:25:56,760
Speaker 1: That name is not a name, but it is a

446
00:25:56,960 --> 00:26:02,000
Speaker 1: term uh for an outlaw. So it was created and

447
00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:04,119
Speaker 1: there's a little bit to back that up. Yeah, there

448
00:26:04,160 --> 00:26:07,200
Speaker 1: really is. They Actually this is like as clever as

449
00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:11,640
Speaker 1: an historian can get pretty good stuff, clever and lucky. Um.

450
00:26:11,760 --> 00:26:14,520
Speaker 1: Some historians I didn't find out who it was or when,

451
00:26:14,960 --> 00:26:20,400
Speaker 1: but they came upon a um, I guess, like a

452
00:26:20,440 --> 00:26:25,800
Speaker 1: civic proclamation about prior, which is a church official being

453
00:26:25,920 --> 00:26:30,359
Speaker 1: pardoned for seizing somebody's assets and the person and he

454
00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:32,240
Speaker 1: sees him without a warrant, which is what he was

455
00:26:32,280 --> 00:26:35,399
Speaker 1: being pardoned for. But the person whose assets he sees

456
00:26:35,840 --> 00:26:41,879
Speaker 1: was an outlaw named William rober Hood. Okay, a Robin

457
00:26:41,920 --> 00:26:44,199
Speaker 1: Hood right r O B E H O D. So

458
00:26:44,240 --> 00:26:46,800
Speaker 1: they were like, okay, this is a robin Hood right here.

459
00:26:47,200 --> 00:26:51,359
Speaker 1: They managed to find the years um court record before

460
00:26:51,520 --> 00:26:54,240
Speaker 1: for the same area, but that there was only one

461
00:26:54,280 --> 00:26:57,080
Speaker 1: prior in the area, and that that noted that the

462
00:26:57,160 --> 00:27:00,240
Speaker 1: prior had seized the assets of a guy in named

463
00:27:00,320 --> 00:27:04,760
Speaker 1: Robert Son or no Williams Son William Son of Robert Lefever.

464
00:27:05,680 --> 00:27:09,159
Speaker 1: So what they figured out was that the clerk in

465
00:27:09,200 --> 00:27:14,040
Speaker 1: the pardnering proclamation wrote down that the guy was a robohad,

466
00:27:14,119 --> 00:27:19,480
Speaker 1: which meant a fugitive, an outlaw, And um, they say, okay,

467
00:27:19,520 --> 00:27:22,680
Speaker 1: this is proof positive that as late as twelve sixty two,

468
00:27:22,720 --> 00:27:25,680
Speaker 1: no later than twelve sixty two, the idea of using

469
00:27:25,680 --> 00:27:29,080
Speaker 1: the term robin Hood or some variation of that as

470
00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:31,840
Speaker 1: a term for an outlaw a generic term for an outlaw,

471
00:27:32,240 --> 00:27:34,960
Speaker 1: was so widespread that a clerk could write that down

472
00:27:35,320 --> 00:27:39,040
Speaker 1: denote somebody as a robohad and people would know what

473
00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:41,760
Speaker 1: they were talking about, which means that that legend of

474
00:27:41,880 --> 00:27:44,520
Speaker 1: Robin Hood had to have been around prior to this

475
00:27:45,080 --> 00:27:49,320
Speaker 1: and in circulation for long enough that it had spread. Yeah,

476
00:27:49,400 --> 00:27:52,679
Speaker 1: So in effect, Williams son of Robert Lefever is the

477
00:27:52,720 --> 00:27:57,000
Speaker 1: same person as William Robohad and this dude in twelve

478
00:27:57,160 --> 00:28:00,320
Speaker 1: sixty two. Uh, this clerk just took it upon himself

479
00:28:00,400 --> 00:28:02,439
Speaker 1: to give him that name, and no one thought he

480
00:28:02,520 --> 00:28:05,800
Speaker 1: was crazy, right. It almost like he had written down

481
00:28:05,840 --> 00:28:10,000
Speaker 1: William the bank robber or William the bandit rather than

482
00:28:10,040 --> 00:28:13,240
Speaker 1: writing his last name, which frankly didn't have a last name.

483
00:28:13,240 --> 00:28:15,800
Speaker 1: He was son of Robert Lefever because they didn't have

484
00:28:15,920 --> 00:28:18,520
Speaker 1: last names very much back then. So it was very

485
00:28:18,600 --> 00:28:22,760
Speaker 1: much like the clerk wrote William the outlaw Bandit. But

486
00:28:23,320 --> 00:28:26,800
Speaker 1: what what he used Robohad or Robin Hood instead of

487
00:28:26,800 --> 00:28:31,080
Speaker 1: outlaw Bandit's just somewhere over the ages we lost that

488
00:28:31,240 --> 00:28:35,240
Speaker 1: knowledge that Robohod or Robin Hood meant that and wasn't

489
00:28:35,280 --> 00:28:40,640
Speaker 1: an actual person. So there's this other guy, folk fits Warren.

490
00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:44,360
Speaker 1: I love this guy. He is a bad dude. He

491
00:28:44,480 --> 00:28:46,200
Speaker 1: was a bad dude and he was a real guy.

492
00:28:46,360 --> 00:28:48,520
Speaker 1: And it turns out there was actually a personal link

493
00:28:49,000 --> 00:28:52,560
Speaker 1: to King John. They were pals a little folk Fitz

494
00:28:52,600 --> 00:28:55,760
Speaker 1: Warren and young John, who I bet young John was

495
00:28:55,800 --> 00:28:58,520
Speaker 1: a not fun to be around. He's probably not a

496
00:28:58,520 --> 00:29:03,920
Speaker 1: fun playmate mine. Uh. And here's one story. They were

497
00:29:03,920 --> 00:29:07,200
Speaker 1: playing chess one day, John got mad, broke his chessboard

498
00:29:07,240 --> 00:29:10,280
Speaker 1: over folks head. Uh. Folk kicked him in the stomach

499
00:29:10,760 --> 00:29:13,240
Speaker 1: and John almost said, little John, but that would be

500
00:29:13,240 --> 00:29:16,960
Speaker 1: a mistake. Little John was a character which, by the way,

501
00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:18,960
Speaker 1: I don't think we mentioned Little John was referenced in

502
00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:21,440
Speaker 1: all those old ballads. See he's been around kind of

503
00:29:21,480 --> 00:29:25,400
Speaker 1: since the beginning, and they think they found that's right. So, uh,

504
00:29:25,560 --> 00:29:28,720
Speaker 1: this John, as he was younger, went crying to daddy

505
00:29:29,120 --> 00:29:31,600
Speaker 1: and said he kicked me in the stomach, expecting to

506
00:29:31,640 --> 00:29:35,360
Speaker 1: get some sort of backup. And apparently that would have

507
00:29:35,360 --> 00:29:38,040
Speaker 1: been Henry the second. Um. I don't know if he

508
00:29:38,080 --> 00:29:40,360
Speaker 1: beat him, but he was beaten for complaining about being

509
00:29:40,400 --> 00:29:45,040
Speaker 1: kicked in the stomach. Yeah, so no wonder John grew

510
00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:48,240
Speaker 1: up to be a jerk. His dad did never have

511
00:29:48,280 --> 00:29:50,719
Speaker 1: his back. It sounds like, yeah, that's part of it,

512
00:29:50,800 --> 00:29:55,640
Speaker 1: I'm sure. So flash forward a bit. Uh, folks father

513
00:29:55,760 --> 00:30:02,480
Speaker 1: passes away, he inherits his ancestral holding at Whittington. John

514
00:30:02,600 --> 00:30:04,840
Speaker 1: comes to power and says, I remember when you kicked

515
00:30:04,840 --> 00:30:08,840
Speaker 1: me in the stomach, What a little bastard. I am

516
00:30:08,920 --> 00:30:14,240
Speaker 1: going to take your holdings, take your family estate basically,

517
00:30:14,560 --> 00:30:20,240
Speaker 1: and then give it to your enemy, Old Moriy fits Roger. Yeah, sorry,

518
00:30:20,280 --> 00:30:22,239
Speaker 1: Maury's there's a name as an s at the end.

519
00:30:22,480 --> 00:30:27,600
Speaker 1: These names are great. So Folk ends up murdering Morey's. Uh,

520
00:30:28,120 --> 00:30:31,400
Speaker 1: it might even be Morris Morris maybe yeah, probably today

521
00:30:31,400 --> 00:30:39,680
Speaker 1: it would be Morris fitz Roger's. Uh. Folk kills Morris

522
00:30:40,520 --> 00:30:46,400
Speaker 1: flees and basically wages a robin Hood like war against

523
00:30:46,440 --> 00:30:49,920
Speaker 1: John and his men for about three years, so this

524
00:30:50,080 --> 00:30:53,040
Speaker 1: could be him. Yeah, it could be because not just

525
00:30:53,560 --> 00:30:57,320
Speaker 1: the fact that he was battling um King John and

526
00:30:57,320 --> 00:31:00,840
Speaker 1: and fled to the forest where he used as his

527
00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:03,800
Speaker 1: base of operations. But there are a few other things

528
00:31:03,840 --> 00:31:06,040
Speaker 1: that came up. Like one thing that's part of the

529
00:31:06,120 --> 00:31:09,240
Speaker 1: legends but actually isn't part of the earliest ballads is

530
00:31:09,320 --> 00:31:14,400
Speaker 1: that um that robin Hood was a fallen nobleman, somebody

531
00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:18,560
Speaker 1: of noble birth who either lost or renounced their title

532
00:31:18,840 --> 00:31:21,840
Speaker 1: and became an outlaw and then regained it. That's the

533
00:31:21,920 --> 00:31:26,840
Speaker 1: story of Folk fits Warren. Like he he lost his land,

534
00:31:26,920 --> 00:31:29,560
Speaker 1: he lost his title to this other guy and then

535
00:31:29,560 --> 00:31:32,200
Speaker 1: finally got it back when he was pardoned in twelve

536
00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:35,400
Speaker 1: oh three. Right, pretty good candidate. That was one. There's

537
00:31:35,440 --> 00:31:40,880
Speaker 1: another one, um where folk Um was was known to

538
00:31:41,760 --> 00:31:46,120
Speaker 1: while he was a forest bandit. He would hijack like

539
00:31:46,160 --> 00:31:49,600
Speaker 1: the King's people who were carrying the King's money problem

540
00:31:50,240 --> 00:31:53,600
Speaker 1: and Um he would say what do you have on you?

541
00:31:54,080 --> 00:31:56,480
Speaker 1: And the ones who told the truth about what they

542
00:31:56,480 --> 00:31:59,320
Speaker 1: actually had, the amount of currency they had on him,

543
00:31:59,400 --> 00:32:03,200
Speaker 1: he would let live. Very Robin Hoodie, very like straight

544
00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:05,920
Speaker 1: out of the legend. But the ones who lied, he would,

545
00:32:06,040 --> 00:32:08,760
Speaker 1: you know, punish with their lives or whatever. That was

546
00:32:08,800 --> 00:32:12,000
Speaker 1: super Robin Hoodie. There was also another character trait of

547
00:32:12,080 --> 00:32:15,080
Speaker 1: Robin Hood was disguised, is using disguises. Yeah, Folk fitz

548
00:32:15,120 --> 00:32:18,720
Speaker 1: Warren was not above disguising himself. Yeah. There was another guy,

549
00:32:19,640 --> 00:32:23,240
Speaker 1: historical outlaw name used to the Monk, who also had

550
00:32:23,280 --> 00:32:27,400
Speaker 1: the disguised thing down, very much like Robin in fact exactly,

551
00:32:27,400 --> 00:32:30,760
Speaker 1: he would disguise himself as a potter Um. And that

552
00:32:30,840 --> 00:32:34,480
Speaker 1: even goes to the Disney cartoon. Yeah, these disguises very

553
00:32:34,560 --> 00:32:37,640
Speaker 1: much a Robin Hood thing. I haven't I don't know,

554
00:32:37,840 --> 00:32:41,320
Speaker 1: used to the monk doesn't seem as um enticing to me?

555
00:32:41,400 --> 00:32:44,720
Speaker 1: Is his old fitz Warren no fits fits um or

556
00:32:44,840 --> 00:32:48,160
Speaker 1: folk is he's my guy too? Speaking of fits, that

557
00:32:48,240 --> 00:32:50,200
Speaker 1: we should tell everyone that that little tag at the

558
00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:53,320
Speaker 1: beginning of the name means that you're, uh, you're a

559
00:32:53,360 --> 00:32:56,520
Speaker 1: bastard child right in illegitimate son. I look that up

560
00:32:56,640 --> 00:33:00,000
Speaker 1: because it sounded too good to be true. But um,

561
00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:05,920
Speaker 1: the there was definitely a kid named fitz Roy, which

562
00:33:05,960 --> 00:33:08,760
Speaker 1: meant illegitimate son of roy of the king, and I

563
00:33:08,760 --> 00:33:11,040
Speaker 1: can't remember what king or what the guy's first name was,

564
00:33:11,760 --> 00:33:14,280
Speaker 1: And since then it's kind of become code. But I

565
00:33:14,320 --> 00:33:16,720
Speaker 1: don't know that that was widespread at the time, that

566
00:33:17,200 --> 00:33:21,800
Speaker 1: necessarily Folk fitz Warren was an illegitimate son, or that

567
00:33:21,960 --> 00:33:24,880
Speaker 1: um any of the other Fitzes were. Oh yeah, I

568
00:33:24,920 --> 00:33:29,280
Speaker 1: wonder today if like Fitzpatrick and Fitzgibbins and like Fitzgerald,

569
00:33:29,360 --> 00:33:32,480
Speaker 1: fitz Gerald is all or does that all mean illegitimate

570
00:33:32,480 --> 00:33:34,920
Speaker 1: son of Gerald or Fadrick. I don't know. I don't

571
00:33:34,960 --> 00:33:39,560
Speaker 1: know it's the truth anymore. Child, very interesting fits. Should

572
00:33:39,560 --> 00:33:42,520
Speaker 1: we take another break? Yeah, We'll let everybody stew on

573
00:33:42,560 --> 00:33:45,320
Speaker 1: that one for a little while. We'll be back right

574
00:33:45,320 --> 00:34:06,400
Speaker 1: after this skamember. That's why he should know, should know.

575
00:34:07,320 --> 00:34:15,920
Speaker 1: But Josh Clark, alright, so we've covered folk and we

576
00:34:16,080 --> 00:34:19,880
Speaker 1: covered Eustace fulk by the way, we gotta tell that

577
00:34:20,120 --> 00:34:24,120
Speaker 1: one story real quick about him. The beginning. Yeah, he

578
00:34:24,400 --> 00:34:28,600
Speaker 1: found out that another um, another bandit was using his name,

579
00:34:29,200 --> 00:34:34,040
Speaker 1: Pierce Morgan. What was his name? Pierce? What Pierce to Breuville. Okay,

580
00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:37,960
Speaker 1: that sounds like the sounds like romance novel names. Um.

581
00:34:38,040 --> 00:34:41,280
Speaker 1: But he found out Pierce was using his name robbing

582
00:34:41,400 --> 00:34:45,480
Speaker 1: somewhere else. And he captured Pierce and his men, and

583
00:34:45,520 --> 00:34:47,680
Speaker 1: he made pierced ties men up and then go around

584
00:34:47,680 --> 00:34:49,920
Speaker 1: in behead every single one of them with with his

585
00:34:49,960 --> 00:34:52,200
Speaker 1: own hands, with I guess, with the assumption that he

586
00:34:52,239 --> 00:34:54,759
Speaker 1: would be let go, I guess, but he didn't. Then

587
00:34:54,760 --> 00:34:57,319
Speaker 1: he cut off Pierce's hands when he was dead. If

588
00:34:57,360 --> 00:35:02,560
Speaker 1: this happened, Chuck, can you imagine Gin being in that house,

589
00:35:02,680 --> 00:35:06,360
Speaker 1: that room where there's like five, six, ten guys. I

590
00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:08,960
Speaker 1: have no idea how many men there were who were

591
00:35:09,560 --> 00:35:12,800
Speaker 1: systematically beheaded, and so like, as they're weight, you're waiting

592
00:35:12,800 --> 00:35:15,239
Speaker 1: in line as the guy next he's getting his head

593
00:35:15,239 --> 00:35:18,000
Speaker 1: cut off, and your turns next there's heads everywhere. Yeah,

594
00:35:18,080 --> 00:35:20,920
Speaker 1: how much blood and gore was everywhere? Like, can you

595
00:35:20,960 --> 00:35:23,920
Speaker 1: imagine like really put yourself into that situation like that

596
00:35:24,280 --> 00:35:30,000
Speaker 1: may have actually happened. It's so disturbing. Disturbing, Yeah, like

597
00:35:30,080 --> 00:35:32,680
Speaker 1: losing your head. That's that's I think that's probably like

598
00:35:32,719 --> 00:35:38,000
Speaker 1: the first mortal fear any humans ever experienced. Like we're

599
00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:40,600
Speaker 1: we just know on like a primal level, the head

600
00:35:40,640 --> 00:35:42,160
Speaker 1: is supposed to be attached to the body, and when

601
00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:46,520
Speaker 1: it's not, there's something bad wrong that's going on. Yeah,

602
00:35:46,600 --> 00:35:49,960
Speaker 1: like your your death. Didn't we determine though in a

603
00:35:50,080 --> 00:35:53,680
Speaker 1: podcast nine and a half years ago, that you stay

604
00:35:53,719 --> 00:35:56,560
Speaker 1: alive for like what six or seven seconds? I think

605
00:35:57,160 --> 00:36:00,000
Speaker 1: that's what they found in rats after you were beheaded. Yeah.

606
00:36:00,000 --> 00:36:02,440
Speaker 1: I remember that one guy who was guillotine like he

607
00:36:02,560 --> 00:36:04,920
Speaker 1: kept like looking over and like trying to die, But

608
00:36:04,960 --> 00:36:06,919
Speaker 1: then they'd say his name and his eyes would open

609
00:36:06,960 --> 00:36:09,680
Speaker 1: back up and he would be like what, Oh, could

610
00:36:09,680 --> 00:36:12,439
Speaker 1: you imagine the horror of potentially looking up for four

611
00:36:12,480 --> 00:36:17,080
Speaker 1: seconds and seeing your headless body. No, No, my mind

612
00:36:17,680 --> 00:36:21,840
Speaker 1: just rails against going there. Yeah, it should, it's it's

613
00:36:21,880 --> 00:36:28,960
Speaker 1: replacing it with the with up. Yeah. Alright, so uh

614
00:36:29,160 --> 00:36:30,520
Speaker 1: there was a guy who wrote a book. A lot

615
00:36:30,520 --> 00:36:33,040
Speaker 1: of people are still trying to pieces together. Um. This

616
00:36:33,120 --> 00:36:36,080
Speaker 1: is not something that historians, uh put to bed years

617
00:36:36,120 --> 00:36:39,359
Speaker 1: and years ago. Definitely not um, only fourteen years ago

618
00:36:39,360 --> 00:36:41,400
Speaker 1: in two thousand and four, and probably since then. But

619
00:36:41,440 --> 00:36:44,200
Speaker 1: there was a dude named Brian Benison who wrote a

620
00:36:44,200 --> 00:36:48,120
Speaker 1: book called Robin Hood colin case closed, always a culd

621
00:36:49,160 --> 00:36:52,319
Speaker 1: the real story. That's pretty close to case close, Yeah,

622
00:36:52,320 --> 00:36:55,879
Speaker 1: pretty much. Uh. And he says he's a lot he's

623
00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:58,120
Speaker 1: in the in the camp. That Robin Hood is a

624
00:36:58,239 --> 00:37:02,560
Speaker 1: name like a tide uh. Similar, he says to Billy

625
00:37:02,600 --> 00:37:05,759
Speaker 1: the Kid. I thought Billy Kidd was a real dude though, right, Yeah.

626
00:37:05,880 --> 00:37:08,160
Speaker 1: I think his name is William Bonnie. Yeah, but I

627
00:37:08,160 --> 00:37:09,520
Speaker 1: mean he knew at the time that he was called

628
00:37:09,520 --> 00:37:11,600
Speaker 1: Billy the Kid r right. That. Yeah, that's a it's

629
00:37:11,600 --> 00:37:13,799
Speaker 1: a terrible analogy. I think so too, because it would

630
00:37:13,800 --> 00:37:18,160
Speaker 1: be like Robin son of La Fever. Right, but you

631
00:37:18,239 --> 00:37:21,319
Speaker 1: call him Robin Hood not even close. Um, But at

632
00:37:21,360 --> 00:37:24,640
Speaker 1: any rate, he claims it's a nickname and that of

633
00:37:24,680 --> 00:37:29,520
Speaker 1: a man named Roger Godbird or go Baird. Uh. And

634
00:37:29,560 --> 00:37:31,600
Speaker 1: he said he's the real guy. He said he lived

635
00:37:31,600 --> 00:37:36,520
Speaker 1: in the thirteenth century. He was a friend originally of

636
00:37:36,560 --> 00:37:39,880
Speaker 1: the Sheriff of Nottingham, Reginald Degray. That's pretty significant, and

637
00:37:39,880 --> 00:37:42,080
Speaker 1: we should point out to that. The one reason we

638
00:37:42,080 --> 00:37:44,680
Speaker 1: can't pinpoint a lot of this is that they never

639
00:37:44,800 --> 00:37:46,920
Speaker 1: name of the Sheriff of Nottingham they're talking about in

640
00:37:46,920 --> 00:37:50,399
Speaker 1: any of these stories. Um, and that's not a person's name,

641
00:37:50,480 --> 00:37:52,879
Speaker 1: that's a that's a title. No, but there is such

642
00:37:52,880 --> 00:37:55,600
Speaker 1: a thing as the Sheriff of Nottingham. There was then.

643
00:37:55,680 --> 00:37:58,200
Speaker 1: But there were many of them, right exactly, just one

644
00:37:58,239 --> 00:38:00,480
Speaker 1: after the other. So that doesn't help out much, but

645
00:38:00,520 --> 00:38:03,279
Speaker 1: it does zero in on the area. But yeah, it

646
00:38:03,320 --> 00:38:06,120
Speaker 1: doesn't help get a time period down. No, but he

647
00:38:06,160 --> 00:38:10,960
Speaker 1: claims that it was specifically Reginald Degray that Sheriff of Nottingham,

648
00:38:11,200 --> 00:38:15,400
Speaker 1: and Um, after what four years as an outlaw, the

649
00:38:15,520 --> 00:38:20,320
Speaker 1: dude was captured, went to jail, pardoned, and then farmed

650
00:38:20,600 --> 00:38:22,520
Speaker 1: peacefully for the rest of his life. Yeah, And I

651
00:38:22,560 --> 00:38:25,920
Speaker 1: mean that guy is a pretty good candidate. He is

652
00:38:26,000 --> 00:38:29,920
Speaker 1: because one of the things about the robin Hood themes,

653
00:38:30,320 --> 00:38:34,719
Speaker 1: despite in some in some of the I think the ballads, No,

654
00:38:34,880 --> 00:38:36,680
Speaker 1: not in the ballads. It would have been in the

655
00:38:36,719 --> 00:38:38,640
Speaker 1: ones that came later, so I guess the ones that

656
00:38:38,680 --> 00:38:43,239
Speaker 1: the Scottish historians added he was battling the king in

657
00:38:43,280 --> 00:38:47,680
Speaker 1: the original ballads, all of the people he was rebelling

658
00:38:47,680 --> 00:38:51,320
Speaker 1: against him fighting were like local authorities, like the sheriff

659
00:38:51,320 --> 00:38:53,680
Speaker 1: of Nottingham. Yeah, so he was kind of a working

660
00:38:53,719 --> 00:38:58,680
Speaker 1: class hero in among like the first working class the

661
00:38:58,760 --> 00:39:02,320
Speaker 1: West has ever seen. The awman farmers of the era

662
00:39:02,680 --> 00:39:05,560
Speaker 1: or of the area. They were like the first like

663
00:39:05,680 --> 00:39:09,240
Speaker 1: middle class that ever developed. Because either you were a peasant,

664
00:39:09,320 --> 00:39:13,160
Speaker 1: meaning you were a feudal slave to the feudal lord

665
00:39:13,520 --> 00:39:15,400
Speaker 1: and you worked the land whether you liked it or not,

666
00:39:16,400 --> 00:39:19,200
Speaker 1: or you were landed gentry, like you were a feudal

667
00:39:19,239 --> 00:39:21,239
Speaker 1: lord and you had a peasantry and you had, you know,

668
00:39:21,280 --> 00:39:23,480
Speaker 1: a bunch of land, you're friends with the king. But

669
00:39:23,600 --> 00:39:26,239
Speaker 1: in between there were yeoman's. I think that's how you

670
00:39:26,280 --> 00:39:29,440
Speaker 1: say it, y e o m a n yeoman. There

671
00:39:29,440 --> 00:39:34,200
Speaker 1: were yeoman farmers who were they weren't slaves, but they

672
00:39:34,200 --> 00:39:37,160
Speaker 1: didn't have a title. They just kind of made their

673
00:39:37,200 --> 00:39:39,840
Speaker 1: own way, and supposedly that's what robin Hood was. So

674
00:39:39,880 --> 00:39:43,319
Speaker 1: it sounds like that this was what this Roger Gobert is.

675
00:39:44,080 --> 00:39:46,759
Speaker 1: He was the same thing. And um, the idea that

676
00:39:46,800 --> 00:39:49,680
Speaker 1: he was battling the sheriff of Nottingham, that would place

677
00:39:49,760 --> 00:39:53,239
Speaker 1: him more in the historical lens than say, if he

678
00:39:53,320 --> 00:39:56,440
Speaker 1: were like battling King John. That's actually a mark against

679
00:39:56,440 --> 00:40:00,359
Speaker 1: folk fitz Warren, because that doesn't appear or in the

680
00:40:00,400 --> 00:40:03,440
Speaker 1: original ballads it was he was battling the sheriff of Doningham,

681
00:40:03,520 --> 00:40:07,400
Speaker 1: where he's battling local church officials. He hated the church officials,

682
00:40:07,520 --> 00:40:09,920
Speaker 1: but he loved God, he did so much so that

683
00:40:09,960 --> 00:40:12,719
Speaker 1: he would get arrested to come out to go to church, right.

684
00:40:12,800 --> 00:40:16,919
Speaker 1: He just hated the clergy which has been trying. Those

685
00:40:16,920 --> 00:40:19,200
Speaker 1: were the people who were taking your land or telling

686
00:40:19,200 --> 00:40:22,040
Speaker 1: you and jail are taking your stuff without a warrant. Yeah.

687
00:40:22,120 --> 00:40:23,759
Speaker 1: And also when you look back on a lot of

688
00:40:23,760 --> 00:40:28,480
Speaker 1: these early ballads and stories, they're very, very different from

689
00:40:28,480 --> 00:40:31,040
Speaker 1: what the legend of Robin Hood became to us in

690
00:40:31,200 --> 00:40:36,640
Speaker 1: like contemporary fiction. Apparently that the Jest Ballad only had

691
00:40:36,680 --> 00:40:40,520
Speaker 1: a couple of things that he did that we're even

692
00:40:40,560 --> 00:40:44,000
Speaker 1: close to, like these big altruistic acts that he's really

693
00:40:44,040 --> 00:40:46,520
Speaker 1: really most known for now. I think one of them

694
00:40:46,600 --> 00:40:49,880
Speaker 1: was he agreed to lend money to a night that

695
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:52,919
Speaker 1: was one of those two there's five bucks just pay

696
00:40:52,920 --> 00:40:55,719
Speaker 1: it back with a two percent big right, But that

697
00:40:55,920 --> 00:40:58,920
Speaker 1: right that that whole um steal from the rich and

698
00:40:58,960 --> 00:41:01,440
Speaker 1: give to the poor thing. Yeah, that came thinks of

699
00:41:01,480 --> 00:41:04,520
Speaker 1: the Scottish historians. Yeah, all these authors sort of littered

700
00:41:04,520 --> 00:41:06,680
Speaker 1: it with that stuff because they had found a champion

701
00:41:06,719 --> 00:41:09,960
Speaker 1: of the underling basically in the common man, and ran

702
00:41:10,040 --> 00:41:12,120
Speaker 1: with it just from standing up to the king or

703
00:41:12,160 --> 00:41:15,160
Speaker 1: to the authority who were acting unjustly and above the

704
00:41:15,239 --> 00:41:18,720
Speaker 1: law themselves. Yeah. There's also no mention in those early

705
00:41:18,719 --> 00:41:22,200
Speaker 1: tales of a made Marian, who um seems to have

706
00:41:22,320 --> 00:41:25,880
Speaker 1: come along later and is actually one of a great

707
00:41:25,920 --> 00:41:29,160
Speaker 1: example of one of the first examples in literature of

708
00:41:29,239 --> 00:41:32,960
Speaker 1: female empowerment of a character, because made Marian was no

709
00:41:33,040 --> 00:41:36,319
Speaker 1: one's chump in any of these stories, and and he was.

710
00:41:36,360 --> 00:41:39,760
Speaker 1: She was like a sort of an equal to Robin,

711
00:41:40,280 --> 00:41:44,080
Speaker 1: partially because of her spunk and partially because Robin and

712
00:41:44,160 --> 00:41:49,399
Speaker 1: the stories at least uh was kind of down with equality. Right. Yeah,

713
00:41:49,480 --> 00:41:52,400
Speaker 1: that was one thing. That and basically being in in

714
00:41:53,000 --> 00:41:58,120
Speaker 1: um Nottingham area or Yorkshire area, but somewhere in the woods.

715
00:41:58,560 --> 00:42:01,640
Speaker 1: Those two things are basically the two constants throughout all

716
00:42:01,680 --> 00:42:04,600
Speaker 1: the Robin Hood legends that he was very much down

717
00:42:04,680 --> 00:42:10,200
Speaker 1: with um. He was a feminist and made Marian. From

718
00:42:10,200 --> 00:42:12,960
Speaker 1: what I saw, she had her own series of ballads

719
00:42:13,640 --> 00:42:16,080
Speaker 1: before she appeared in the Robin Hood ballads. She was

720
00:42:16,120 --> 00:42:19,040
Speaker 1: her own character, and so when they were brought together,

721
00:42:19,080 --> 00:42:22,000
Speaker 1: it was kind of analogous to like putting Superman and

722
00:42:22,040 --> 00:42:25,080
Speaker 1: Wonder Woman in the same comic book basically, which is

723
00:42:25,280 --> 00:42:27,319
Speaker 1: a pretty cool move. That is a cool move, and

724
00:42:27,360 --> 00:42:31,720
Speaker 1: to keep her equal to him. That's here. It is huge. Um.

725
00:42:31,800 --> 00:42:34,160
Speaker 1: Whether or not any of that happened, it's kind of

726
00:42:34,200 --> 00:42:37,719
Speaker 1: irrelevant as far as literature is concerned. There was one

727
00:42:37,800 --> 00:42:42,440
Speaker 1: historian that wrote, Robin permitted no harm to women, nor

728
00:42:42,480 --> 00:42:45,320
Speaker 1: sees the goods of the poor, but helped them generously

729
00:42:45,440 --> 00:42:48,680
Speaker 1: with what he took from abbots, like we were saying

730
00:42:48,719 --> 00:42:51,319
Speaker 1: earlier with the clergy. But then in some of the

731
00:42:51,360 --> 00:42:54,120
Speaker 1: earlier stories, there's not a whole lot of mention of

732
00:42:54,160 --> 00:42:57,279
Speaker 1: that kind of stuff, except for one that just had

733
00:42:57,320 --> 00:43:01,600
Speaker 1: one comment that Robin did poor men much good. It's okay,

734
00:43:02,400 --> 00:43:04,640
Speaker 1: I guess it's better than like he was the scourge

735
00:43:04,680 --> 00:43:07,160
Speaker 1: of the poor. Yeah, But it wasn't like they built

736
00:43:07,160 --> 00:43:09,440
Speaker 1: the legend upon that one kind of throwaway line. But

737
00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:12,440
Speaker 1: I think they did well, yeah yeah, yeah, but they

738
00:43:12,440 --> 00:43:14,160
Speaker 1: didn't make a lot of hay out of it, or

739
00:43:14,160 --> 00:43:16,279
Speaker 1: at least this that one author didn't. Yeah, not at

740
00:43:16,280 --> 00:43:18,719
Speaker 1: the very beginning. In the ballads, Yeah there, it was

741
00:43:18,760 --> 00:43:21,640
Speaker 1: also like way more violent, Like there was um one

742
00:43:21,719 --> 00:43:25,560
Speaker 1: of the characters much the miller's son, much was his name,

743
00:43:25,600 --> 00:43:29,920
Speaker 1: and just loved that guy's name much. Um was. I

744
00:43:29,960 --> 00:43:31,920
Speaker 1: think in the ballots he lops off the head of

745
00:43:31,920 --> 00:43:34,919
Speaker 1: a page boy, a child to keep him from like

746
00:43:35,560 --> 00:43:38,279
Speaker 1: blabbing from what he saw, you know, the location of

747
00:43:38,320 --> 00:43:41,560
Speaker 1: where the merry Men were, right, Um there. It was

748
00:43:41,760 --> 00:43:45,560
Speaker 1: way more violent than the than the the later ones

749
00:43:46,200 --> 00:43:51,200
Speaker 1: depicted Robin Hood. Yeah, they were though all uh Robin

750
00:43:51,320 --> 00:43:54,040
Speaker 1: and his merry Men archery was always a big deal.

751
00:43:54,440 --> 00:43:57,640
Speaker 1: They're all very skilled archers, um and one of the swordsmen.

752
00:43:58,120 --> 00:44:01,440
Speaker 1: But they were all super skilled horseman and that's not

753
00:44:01,560 --> 00:44:04,960
Speaker 1: something that you see as much, although I think in

754
00:44:04,960 --> 00:44:07,960
Speaker 1: this new movie there he's pretty good horsemen. Yeah. I

755
00:44:07,960 --> 00:44:10,160
Speaker 1: mean imagine like it's it's hard enough to be good

756
00:44:10,200 --> 00:44:12,560
Speaker 1: on a horse, but a horse in a forest, that's

757
00:44:12,600 --> 00:44:15,920
Speaker 1: that's like a whole different level, shooting arrows like a

758
00:44:15,960 --> 00:44:21,240
Speaker 1: Mongol exactly. And that was who was so good, the Mongols,

759
00:44:21,280 --> 00:44:27,680
Speaker 1: the Mongol hordes who made their um thigh steaks. Remember

760
00:44:27,719 --> 00:44:30,560
Speaker 1: they sat on raw meat on their saddles to cure it.

761
00:44:31,440 --> 00:44:37,200
Speaker 1: Steaks tartar steak, tartar Uh. What else you got anything? Um? Oh?

762
00:44:37,320 --> 00:44:41,040
Speaker 1: He was killed by a treacherous prioris, a female church

763
00:44:41,080 --> 00:44:45,799
Speaker 1: official kind of like a middle manager. None, a middle

764
00:44:45,840 --> 00:44:48,759
Speaker 1: manager none. Yeah, he went to go see none for

765
00:44:49,440 --> 00:44:51,920
Speaker 1: right he was. Was he hurt healthcare? I'm not sure

766
00:44:52,000 --> 00:44:54,120
Speaker 1: what it was, but he went to go get bled

767
00:44:54,239 --> 00:44:57,920
Speaker 1: and she purposefully over bled him. And then when he

768
00:44:58,080 --> 00:45:00,160
Speaker 1: asked to be buried somewhere and she's like, no, I'm

769
00:45:00,160 --> 00:45:02,279
Speaker 1: gonna bar you on the side of the road. And

770
00:45:02,440 --> 00:45:07,680
Speaker 1: she supposedly erected a um this is in Kirklees. She

771
00:45:07,880 --> 00:45:11,200
Speaker 1: erected a stone that that said here lies Robin Hood

772
00:45:12,040 --> 00:45:15,080
Speaker 1: or something. I don't remember exactly what variation of robin

773
00:45:15,120 --> 00:45:19,560
Speaker 1: Hood it was, um Robert hood h u d e

774
00:45:20,560 --> 00:45:23,520
Speaker 1: um And supposedly she erected it. And this was written

775
00:45:23,640 --> 00:45:27,719
Speaker 1: hundreds of years later to to basically let travelers through

776
00:45:27,760 --> 00:45:30,120
Speaker 1: the woods know that they didn't have to fear being

777
00:45:30,200 --> 00:45:33,880
Speaker 1: held up any longer. Apparently, if your name had the

778
00:45:33,960 --> 00:45:37,879
Speaker 1: initials r H, it was fair game. Yeah. They really

779
00:45:37,960 --> 00:45:41,120
Speaker 1: have a lot of leeway here with with things like

780
00:45:41,400 --> 00:45:44,719
Speaker 1: hoo'd holde hod. Yeah. Well, everybody was illiterate, so it

781
00:45:44,760 --> 00:45:50,719
Speaker 1: didn't matter. Robin Robert robertas come on, maybe I'm on

782
00:45:51,760 --> 00:45:55,200
Speaker 1: you Middle English dumb dumuh. And supposedly after as he

783
00:45:55,360 --> 00:45:57,239
Speaker 1: was dying, he used his last bit of energy to

784
00:45:57,320 --> 00:46:00,080
Speaker 1: shoot it, to fire an arrow and say that's I

785
00:46:00,160 --> 00:46:01,400
Speaker 1: want to be buried. And that's what she was like.

786
00:46:02,000 --> 00:46:04,800
Speaker 1: It was nice for the movies, but it's not happening.

787
00:46:04,880 --> 00:46:07,320
Speaker 1: She's like, yeah, sure, sure you can die knowing that

788
00:46:07,440 --> 00:46:10,640
Speaker 1: I'll bury you just there over bled. Man, can you imagine,

789
00:46:10,680 --> 00:46:12,600
Speaker 1: because I guess you just get so weak that I

790
00:46:12,719 --> 00:46:16,680
Speaker 1: can't imagine. You're probably like I think I'm good, but

791
00:46:16,800 --> 00:46:19,759
Speaker 1: I'm not feeling so hot. She's like, just a little more.

792
00:46:21,320 --> 00:46:25,040
Speaker 1: I'm not dead yet. Yeah, uh, you got anything else? Nothing?

793
00:46:25,320 --> 00:46:28,520
Speaker 1: So that was Robin Hood. I love history. Uh And

794
00:46:28,600 --> 00:46:30,960
Speaker 1: if you love history too, we'll go look up some

795
00:46:31,080 --> 00:46:33,400
Speaker 1: Robin Hood stuff on the internet. Since I said that

796
00:46:33,440 --> 00:46:37,600
Speaker 1: it's time for this an, I'm gonna call this one

797
00:46:37,640 --> 00:46:41,080
Speaker 1: of the many, many, many roundabouts emails that we got.

798
00:46:41,239 --> 00:46:44,120
Speaker 1: We got a lot. Everyone loves the roundabouts. I know.

799
00:46:44,520 --> 00:46:47,959
Speaker 1: It was really surprising, like everyone wanted to talk about

800
00:46:48,000 --> 00:46:51,799
Speaker 1: their hometown roundabout. Everybody's very proud of their roundabout. Apologies

801
00:46:51,840 --> 00:46:55,759
Speaker 1: to the people of Carmel. Carmel, I didn't say it

802
00:46:55,840 --> 00:46:57,839
Speaker 1: was Carmel. I don't remember any more. I think it's

803
00:46:57,840 --> 00:47:00,719
Speaker 1: supposed to be Carmel. Let's go with Carmel. Hey, guys,

804
00:47:00,800 --> 00:47:03,640
Speaker 1: just finished roundabouts. I thought i'd pitch a little info

805
00:47:03,760 --> 00:47:07,880
Speaker 1: on our local one. In Alexandria, Louisiana, the es IT

806
00:47:07,920 --> 00:47:10,480
Speaker 1: built two circles part of a road project speed up

807
00:47:10,520 --> 00:47:14,040
Speaker 1: travel between two local military bases that had popped up

808
00:47:14,080 --> 00:47:16,920
Speaker 1: to during World War Two. The larger of the two

809
00:47:16,960 --> 00:47:19,480
Speaker 1: is still in use, so it's notorious in the area

810
00:47:19,600 --> 00:47:23,200
Speaker 1: for traffic accidents, especially during heavy traffic and bad weather.

811
00:47:23,480 --> 00:47:26,399
Speaker 1: It's a two lane circle with a large forested area

812
00:47:26,400 --> 00:47:27,880
Speaker 1: in the very center that is probably the size of

813
00:47:27,920 --> 00:47:30,840
Speaker 1: the city block. Like other roundabouts, you must yield the

814
00:47:30,880 --> 00:47:33,400
Speaker 1: traffic already on the circle. There are two lanes the

815
00:47:33,480 --> 00:47:35,680
Speaker 1: funnel traffic onto the circle and only one lane for

816
00:47:35,760 --> 00:47:38,279
Speaker 1: getting off. This means that if you're in the UH

817
00:47:38,440 --> 00:47:40,320
Speaker 1: if you enter in the left lane, you have to

818
00:47:40,440 --> 00:47:43,400
Speaker 1: merge to the right lane before you can exit because

819
00:47:43,440 --> 00:47:45,200
Speaker 1: the circle is so big. Though the speed limit is

820
00:47:45,280 --> 00:47:50,600
Speaker 1: fort within this circle, people inevitable inevitably go too fast

821
00:47:51,120 --> 00:47:55,040
Speaker 1: or sometimes lanes change as slower cars are entering the circle,

822
00:47:55,560 --> 00:47:59,960
Speaker 1: resulting in rear end crashes. The problem is frequent enough

823
00:48:00,080 --> 00:48:03,320
Speaker 1: that the city is seriously looking into eliminating the circle.

824
00:48:04,440 --> 00:48:07,600
Speaker 1: No definitive planet it's replacement has been settled on, and

825
00:48:07,760 --> 00:48:10,279
Speaker 1: some locals are concerned about disrupting wildlife in the forest

826
00:48:10,360 --> 00:48:13,479
Speaker 1: as well, which has delayed any definitive action on whether

827
00:48:13,600 --> 00:48:17,719
Speaker 1: the circle will continue to exist. May the Circle be unbroken,

828
00:48:18,160 --> 00:48:23,160
Speaker 1: warmest regards. I love that Marshall wells from Colfax, Louisiana.

829
00:48:23,320 --> 00:48:27,560
Speaker 1: Thanks a lot, Marshall, appreciate that great story. UM let

830
00:48:27,680 --> 00:48:29,640
Speaker 1: us know how it pans out because we worry about

831
00:48:29,640 --> 00:48:32,040
Speaker 1: the wildlife too. Yeah, and thanks for everyone who wrote

832
00:48:32,040 --> 00:48:34,879
Speaker 1: in about the roundabouts. I love the enthusiasm. Yeah, it's nice,

833
00:48:35,000 --> 00:48:39,799
Speaker 1: especially from Carmela. If you want to get in touch

834
00:48:39,840 --> 00:48:41,600
Speaker 1: with Let's do that, you can go to stuff you

835
00:48:41,600 --> 00:48:44,000
Speaker 1: Show dot com, find our social media links, and you

836
00:48:44,080 --> 00:48:47,279
Speaker 1: can also send us an email to stuff podcast how

837
00:48:47,360 --> 00:48:54,960
Speaker 1: stuff works dot Com for more on this and thousands

838
00:48:55,000 --> 00:48:57,319
Speaker 1: of other topics. Is it how stuff works dot com.