1 00:00:04,400 --> 00:00:07,800 Speaker 1: Welcome to tech Stuff, a production from my Heart Radio. 2 00:00:11,840 --> 00:00:14,560 Speaker 1: Hey there, and welcome to tech Stuff. I'm your host, John, 3 00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:17,440 Speaker 1: that's Strickland. I'm an executive producer with I Heart Radio 4 00:00:17,520 --> 00:00:20,320 Speaker 1: and how the tech are you? It is time for 5 00:00:20,440 --> 00:00:22,880 Speaker 1: a tech Stuff classic episode. It's also time for us 6 00:00:22,920 --> 00:00:26,400 Speaker 1: to continue last week's classic episode. So if you have 7 00:00:26,600 --> 00:00:30,680 Speaker 1: not listened to last Friday's episode that was called tech 8 00:00:30,760 --> 00:00:34,480 Speaker 1: in the post Apocalyptic World Part one, now we're gonna 9 00:00:34,479 --> 00:00:38,040 Speaker 1: listen to tech in the post Apocalyptic World Part two. 10 00:00:38,360 --> 00:00:41,040 Speaker 1: And Joe McCormick of Stuff to Blow your Mind joined 11 00:00:41,120 --> 00:00:45,680 Speaker 1: us for this episode. Hope you enjoy. We want to 12 00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:48,360 Speaker 1: go back to where we left off with our post 13 00:00:48,400 --> 00:00:52,000 Speaker 1: apocalyptic discussion. We will conclude this episode with our talk 14 00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:59,040 Speaker 1: of our favorite post apocalyptic stories and settings. So enjoy. Okay, 15 00:00:59,120 --> 00:01:01,760 Speaker 1: let's talk about our new clear facilities, because I know 16 00:01:01,960 --> 00:01:05,760 Speaker 1: I have at least heard or read that like a 17 00:01:05,840 --> 00:01:09,479 Speaker 1: nuclear reactor goes for a long time without needing refuel Yeah, 18 00:01:09,480 --> 00:01:11,520 Speaker 1: like more than a year. Yeah. So I mean, you've 19 00:01:11,560 --> 00:01:14,120 Speaker 1: got those rods in there, they're doing their things. You 20 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:16,720 Speaker 1: don't need to replace them. But like the other plants, 21 00:01:16,800 --> 00:01:21,000 Speaker 1: this might just be an issue of maintenance and monitoring. Yeah. Um, 22 00:01:21,760 --> 00:01:24,920 Speaker 1: the I was reading the reports from our really the 23 00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:28,160 Speaker 1: estimations from someone who had worked in power plants, and 24 00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:31,959 Speaker 1: they had talked to various power plant engineers of different 25 00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:35,560 Speaker 1: types of plants UH to get their estimations. And when 26 00:01:35,560 --> 00:01:38,319 Speaker 1: they said, when I talk to the nuclear guys, they said, 27 00:01:38,400 --> 00:01:41,520 Speaker 1: are you crazy, because it was like, look, I'm just 28 00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:45,360 Speaker 1: trying to answer a question about zombie outbreaks. I'm not crazy. 29 00:01:46,200 --> 00:01:49,600 Speaker 1: And they said, well, maybe if everything went well, if 30 00:01:49,600 --> 00:01:53,080 Speaker 1: there were none of these little same thing, like, if 31 00:01:53,080 --> 00:01:54,840 Speaker 1: there were none of these alerts that pop up that 32 00:01:54,880 --> 00:01:58,920 Speaker 1: would necessitate a shutdown, you might go as long as 33 00:01:58,920 --> 00:02:01,840 Speaker 1: a week. And they're just looking at the probability of 34 00:02:01,840 --> 00:02:04,400 Speaker 1: one of these smaller events that would lead to an 35 00:02:04,400 --> 00:02:08,400 Speaker 1: automatic shutdown occurring. I said, you know, if a human 36 00:02:08,440 --> 00:02:11,520 Speaker 1: is there to deal with whatever the issue is, you 37 00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:14,240 Speaker 1: could go for more than a year without having to 38 00:02:14,280 --> 00:02:17,720 Speaker 1: worry about refueling. And after that it would be tricky 39 00:02:17,800 --> 00:02:20,880 Speaker 1: depending upon how many people are around, because it requires 40 00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:23,919 Speaker 1: a lot of special equipment to refuel a nuclear power plant. 41 00:02:24,440 --> 00:02:26,800 Speaker 1: But up to that point, you could supply power for 42 00:02:26,840 --> 00:02:28,640 Speaker 1: a year. But if there's no one there to monitor 43 00:02:28,680 --> 00:02:32,240 Speaker 1: it probably maybe a week would be about as long 44 00:02:32,280 --> 00:02:36,000 Speaker 1: as you could expect before something leads to an automatic shutdown. 45 00:02:36,440 --> 00:02:39,920 Speaker 1: So the best one so far. But then we have 46 00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:44,720 Speaker 1: the the best one of all. If you are getting 47 00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:49,800 Speaker 1: your power from a hydroelectric plant, assuming nothing's gone wrong 48 00:02:49,840 --> 00:02:53,600 Speaker 1: with the dam, then you are in great shape. I 49 00:02:53,639 --> 00:02:57,160 Speaker 1: mean doesn't need fuel. Yeah, your your energy is coming 50 00:02:57,200 --> 00:02:59,960 Speaker 1: from water flowing through those turbines. As long as nothing 51 00:03:00,160 --> 00:03:03,239 Speaker 1: a mechanical is going wrong with that, you could probably 52 00:03:03,520 --> 00:03:06,760 Speaker 1: get power for weeks or maybe even a month without 53 00:03:06,840 --> 00:03:10,400 Speaker 1: any interruption. Yeah. Now when would you have to have 54 00:03:10,520 --> 00:03:13,880 Speaker 1: major maintenance intervention? I guess it would maybe if the 55 00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:16,800 Speaker 1: if the water flow changed dramatically, if there was flooding 56 00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:19,120 Speaker 1: and you needed to change the levels of the floodgates 57 00:03:19,240 --> 00:03:21,040 Speaker 1: or something. There could be that, or it could even 58 00:03:21,080 --> 00:03:24,040 Speaker 1: be through the transmission of power, not even the generation, 59 00:03:24,080 --> 00:03:26,480 Speaker 1: but just the transmission lines. Like there are a lot 60 00:03:26,560 --> 00:03:29,280 Speaker 1: of different parts that are that are involved in this 61 00:03:29,400 --> 00:03:32,840 Speaker 1: and many different power plants. Like typically they would have 62 00:03:32,919 --> 00:03:35,280 Speaker 1: engineers come in and step up or step down the 63 00:03:35,320 --> 00:03:38,720 Speaker 1: amount of power being put out due to demand, like 64 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:42,280 Speaker 1: the grid typically is making just as much electricity as 65 00:03:42,280 --> 00:03:46,440 Speaker 1: the demand. Warrants like it's that's it. Like, as much 66 00:03:46,480 --> 00:03:48,400 Speaker 1: as we need, that's what the power grid is providing. 67 00:03:49,000 --> 00:03:51,320 Speaker 1: In this situation, you no longer have someone there to 68 00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:54,240 Speaker 1: make sure that that's what's happening, so so problems could 69 00:03:54,320 --> 00:03:58,040 Speaker 1: result ultimately from that. You know. There are actually a 70 00:03:58,120 --> 00:04:01,760 Speaker 1: couple of different posts to pop elliptic movies and fictional 71 00:04:01,800 --> 00:04:05,160 Speaker 1: scenarios I can think of where the main goal certain 72 00:04:05,240 --> 00:04:09,560 Speaker 1: characters had was getting hydroelectric plants back up and running. Yeah, 73 00:04:09,640 --> 00:04:11,760 Speaker 1: I'm not surprised. I mean that to me would be 74 00:04:12,680 --> 00:04:15,440 Speaker 1: well again, it's it's the one where as long as 75 00:04:15,480 --> 00:04:17,880 Speaker 1: you have the mechanical knowledge of how to do repairs 76 00:04:17,920 --> 00:04:22,160 Speaker 1: and maintenance on the system, and uh just general knowledge 77 00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:26,839 Speaker 1: of how the transmission system works, it's the most reliable, right, 78 00:04:26,920 --> 00:04:30,400 Speaker 1: Like it's it's more reliable than solar or wind because 79 00:04:30,440 --> 00:04:33,320 Speaker 1: the water is always going to flow unless something really 80 00:04:33,839 --> 00:04:38,440 Speaker 1: major changes the nature of the the area, in which 81 00:04:38,440 --> 00:04:40,840 Speaker 1: case you probably have more things to worry about than 82 00:04:40,920 --> 00:04:45,599 Speaker 1: your electricity. Um uh. But otherwise, yeah, I would imagine 83 00:04:45,640 --> 00:04:48,760 Speaker 1: that would be a top priority. It's the simplest of 84 00:04:48,800 --> 00:04:50,800 Speaker 1: all the things. Because you think of things like coal, 85 00:04:51,520 --> 00:04:53,880 Speaker 1: you have to mind the coal. So even if you 86 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:57,120 Speaker 1: even if you had people to keep moving coal into 87 00:04:57,200 --> 00:05:00,640 Speaker 1: the the power plant. Most coal fire ring plants have 88 00:05:01,240 --> 00:05:04,480 Speaker 1: enough coal on hand for sixty to seventy days of power. 89 00:05:05,120 --> 00:05:07,240 Speaker 1: So after that sixty to seventy days, even if you 90 00:05:07,279 --> 00:05:10,240 Speaker 1: had the people there to look after it, you would 91 00:05:10,279 --> 00:05:12,080 Speaker 1: have to then go and mind more coal. You have 92 00:05:12,120 --> 00:05:13,640 Speaker 1: to get your hands on more coal to keep the 93 00:05:13,760 --> 00:05:16,440 Speaker 1: coal plant going. So hydro electric makes way more sense 94 00:05:16,440 --> 00:05:18,760 Speaker 1: in that case. Yeah, I was trying to think what 95 00:05:18,880 --> 00:05:23,000 Speaker 1: different types of alternative or imagined power plants would be 96 00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:26,840 Speaker 1: the most resilient to Earth disasters, you know, whether it's zombies, 97 00:05:26,920 --> 00:05:34,120 Speaker 1: nuclear bombs, nuclear zombies, asteroid impact, cyber attacks. And the 98 00:05:34,279 --> 00:05:36,760 Speaker 1: one idea I came up with it was most interesting 99 00:05:36,800 --> 00:05:42,239 Speaker 1: to me at least, though perhaps wrong, is orbital solar Alright, 100 00:05:42,279 --> 00:05:46,280 Speaker 1: so let me take a guess what you mean. And 101 00:05:46,440 --> 00:05:48,919 Speaker 1: I'm literally guessing because I have not I have not 102 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:50,960 Speaker 1: looked at these parts of the notes. You added this 103 00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:54,520 Speaker 1: while I was recording a different episode. So this would 104 00:05:54,600 --> 00:06:01,360 Speaker 1: be a network of solar power capture ring satellites that 105 00:06:01,440 --> 00:06:05,200 Speaker 1: would then use a means like a microwave beam to 106 00:06:05,360 --> 00:06:08,120 Speaker 1: beam energy down to the surface of the planet, which 107 00:06:08,160 --> 00:06:10,960 Speaker 1: then would be distributed through a power grid. That's exactly right. 108 00:06:11,040 --> 00:06:14,720 Speaker 1: So you you've got solar farms, except you're moving the 109 00:06:14,720 --> 00:06:18,440 Speaker 1: solar farm itself from the surface of the Earth to orbit, 110 00:06:18,800 --> 00:06:21,720 Speaker 1: and that has some pretty obvious advantages. I mean, number one, 111 00:06:21,760 --> 00:06:25,680 Speaker 1: you're not dealing with cloud cover intercepting that that precious 112 00:06:25,720 --> 00:06:29,400 Speaker 1: solar energy you need. The receivers are out there in space, 113 00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:32,120 Speaker 1: so they're always getting sunlight. Also, you don't have night 114 00:06:32,160 --> 00:06:37,440 Speaker 1: time because at geosynchronous orbit, these things will almost never 115 00:06:37,640 --> 00:06:39,880 Speaker 1: be blocked from the Sun. They might pass, you know, 116 00:06:39,920 --> 00:06:42,240 Speaker 1: in the shadow of the Earth in very rare cases, 117 00:06:42,720 --> 00:06:45,600 Speaker 1: they don't spend much time in it. So these are 118 00:06:45,720 --> 00:06:50,760 Speaker 1: giant solar panels in space that can receive almost uninterrupted sunlight. 119 00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:54,000 Speaker 1: They convert the sunlight into d C electricity, which would 120 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:57,640 Speaker 1: then be converted into some type of radiation that could 121 00:06:57,680 --> 00:07:01,159 Speaker 1: be sent via a targeted beam down to receiving stations 122 00:07:01,160 --> 00:07:04,080 Speaker 1: on Earth. And the two major candidates for the beam 123 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:08,920 Speaker 1: radiation are lasers and microwaves, and microwaves are really where 124 00:07:08,920 --> 00:07:12,920 Speaker 1: it's at today, So these solar power satellites are usually 125 00:07:13,320 --> 00:07:18,320 Speaker 1: sps s in the industry. LINGO would be a really 126 00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:22,240 Speaker 1: daunting project to create because they have to be absolutely huge, 127 00:07:22,680 --> 00:07:24,880 Speaker 1: and you need a bunch of them to really cut 128 00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:28,880 Speaker 1: into Earth's energy demands. And there was a former Department 129 00:07:28,880 --> 00:07:32,880 Speaker 1: of Energy NASA joint research project from the nineteen seventies 130 00:07:32,920 --> 00:07:37,480 Speaker 1: that envisioned a fleet of sixty satellites, each one about 131 00:07:37,560 --> 00:07:44,040 Speaker 1: fifty five square kilometers in photovoltaic surface area uh together 132 00:07:44,320 --> 00:07:49,720 Speaker 1: all generating about three hundred gigawatts of electricity okay um. 133 00:07:49,880 --> 00:07:52,560 Speaker 1: So then of course there's the question of the wireless 134 00:07:52,640 --> 00:07:56,640 Speaker 1: energy transmission, which has been a problem historically, but we're 135 00:07:56,680 --> 00:07:59,080 Speaker 1: getting better at. In fact, just in the past few 136 00:07:59,200 --> 00:08:01,840 Speaker 1: years there have been some projects that are that are 137 00:08:01,880 --> 00:08:04,880 Speaker 1: making strides in this. In fact, I just read an 138 00:08:04,960 --> 00:08:08,040 Speaker 1: interesting article in the I tri Police Spectrum from last 139 00:08:08,120 --> 00:08:12,080 Speaker 1: year about Jackson that the Japanese Space Agency's plans to 140 00:08:12,760 --> 00:08:16,160 Speaker 1: possibly look into creating an orbital solar farm, and they're 141 00:08:16,200 --> 00:08:20,920 Speaker 1: doing preliminary research on that, like on these wireless energy transmissions, 142 00:08:22,120 --> 00:08:23,680 Speaker 1: and so these days it looks like most of the 143 00:08:23,720 --> 00:08:27,280 Speaker 1: people who are still interested in sps are talking about 144 00:08:27,360 --> 00:08:30,560 Speaker 1: microwaves rather than lasers, and so this would be a 145 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:35,000 Speaker 1: microwave frequency transmission from the satellites to the Earth and 146 00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:37,160 Speaker 1: then the receivers on the Earth would be what things 147 00:08:37,160 --> 00:08:41,120 Speaker 1: that are called rectifying antennas, their antennas that receive the 148 00:08:41,200 --> 00:08:45,480 Speaker 1: microwaves and then convert them into electricity. The microwaves are 149 00:08:45,520 --> 00:08:48,720 Speaker 1: generally considered better than lasers for beaming the energy to 150 00:08:48,800 --> 00:08:53,400 Speaker 1: Earth because lasers in the visible spectrum or wherever they 151 00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:56,640 Speaker 1: would be, are more likely to be intercepted by cloud cover, 152 00:08:57,520 --> 00:09:01,400 Speaker 1: and the microwaves are much more resilient into penetrating the atmosphere. 153 00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:06,000 Speaker 1: Apparently low frequency microwaves, so the really long wavelengths are 154 00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:09,240 Speaker 1: the best at penetrating the atmosphere. They're they're much better, 155 00:09:09,280 --> 00:09:11,000 Speaker 1: but they of course come with the problem that you 156 00:09:11,040 --> 00:09:15,960 Speaker 1: need really big antenna's. Yeah, your antenna's size is uh 157 00:09:16,160 --> 00:09:19,760 Speaker 1: is reliant upon the length of the wave, the wavelength 158 00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:24,000 Speaker 1: of whatever you're trying to pick up. So I couldn't 159 00:09:24,080 --> 00:09:27,400 Speaker 1: exactly figure out how well the space based you know, 160 00:09:27,640 --> 00:09:31,440 Speaker 1: life root of the microwave beam would survive cloud cover 161 00:09:31,559 --> 00:09:34,559 Speaker 1: that was based on particulate matter instead of water vapor, 162 00:09:34,600 --> 00:09:36,720 Speaker 1: because I was trying to imagine, Okay, let's say there's 163 00:09:36,720 --> 00:09:41,360 Speaker 1: an asteroid impact, supervolcano eruption, or nuclear bombs create nuclear winter, 164 00:09:41,440 --> 00:09:44,280 Speaker 1: whatever it is that puts ash dust particles into the 165 00:09:44,280 --> 00:09:47,800 Speaker 1: atmosphere and blocks the sun. Would the microwaves from space 166 00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:51,160 Speaker 1: to be able to penetrate that any better than the 167 00:09:51,200 --> 00:09:54,360 Speaker 1: sunlight itself would just get to you know, solar panels 168 00:09:54,400 --> 00:09:57,160 Speaker 1: on your roof or in the desert, And I don't 169 00:09:57,160 --> 00:09:59,440 Speaker 1: know the answer to that. That's one of those things 170 00:09:59,440 --> 00:10:00,800 Speaker 1: that probably doesn't come up in a lot of the 171 00:10:00,800 --> 00:10:03,360 Speaker 1: white papers on the project. So in the case of 172 00:10:03,440 --> 00:10:07,880 Speaker 1: nuclear winter, this would still provide power. So yeah, that's 173 00:10:07,920 --> 00:10:12,400 Speaker 1: just one interesting possibility of sort of like outsourcing our 174 00:10:12,440 --> 00:10:17,040 Speaker 1: our energy production needs away from the ground in places 175 00:10:17,080 --> 00:10:20,800 Speaker 1: where an earth based catastrophe might not touch them. Though 176 00:10:20,840 --> 00:10:24,720 Speaker 1: they're like I said, some scenarios that might interrupt power 177 00:10:24,760 --> 00:10:27,280 Speaker 1: from those sources or might not. It's hard to tell. 178 00:10:27,440 --> 00:10:29,720 Speaker 1: I mean, again, it all depends upon the nature of 179 00:10:29,760 --> 00:10:32,280 Speaker 1: the disaster, right, And of course you can still imagine 180 00:10:32,320 --> 00:10:35,160 Speaker 1: that some kind of space weather event could could very 181 00:10:35,160 --> 00:10:38,719 Speaker 1: well fry those satellites. Sure, yeah, solar flare might might 182 00:10:38,840 --> 00:10:42,360 Speaker 1: end up disrupting that, or it could be something on 183 00:10:42,400 --> 00:10:47,200 Speaker 1: the ground ends up frying the transmission infrastructure, not not 184 00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:50,760 Speaker 1: necessarily the receiving antenna, but just the means of getting 185 00:10:50,760 --> 00:10:55,480 Speaker 1: electricity from the receiver site to the places where it's needed. 186 00:10:55,600 --> 00:10:57,880 Speaker 1: If that's fried, then you know, you could still be 187 00:10:57,880 --> 00:10:59,800 Speaker 1: generating electricity, but you can't get it to where it 188 00:10:59,840 --> 00:11:01,640 Speaker 1: needs to go. In other words, if the power lines 189 00:11:01,679 --> 00:11:05,760 Speaker 1: themselves are damaged as a result of whatever the catastrophe was, 190 00:11:06,200 --> 00:11:08,800 Speaker 1: then you're really you're still stuck. And and some of 191 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:10,400 Speaker 1: the things that would come out of this, I mean 192 00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:13,600 Speaker 1: they're really pretty grim, like even the immediate effects. And 193 00:11:13,640 --> 00:11:17,120 Speaker 1: this is the people who have gone through blackouts, Uh 194 00:11:17,320 --> 00:11:20,320 Speaker 1: can talk about the these There was a big one 195 00:11:20,320 --> 00:11:24,400 Speaker 1: in UM two thousand three that had people trapped on subways, 196 00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:27,680 Speaker 1: had people trapped in elevators. You know, you couldn't things 197 00:11:27,720 --> 00:11:31,800 Speaker 1: that relied upon electricity for operation stopped, and then you know, 198 00:11:32,160 --> 00:11:35,320 Speaker 1: you could be in a place like an elevator where 199 00:11:35,320 --> 00:11:39,400 Speaker 1: you also no longer have climate control. Yeah, imagine getting 200 00:11:39,400 --> 00:11:42,720 Speaker 1: stuck in one of the elevators here during this month, 201 00:11:42,800 --> 00:11:45,760 Speaker 1: like Atlanta has been incredibly hot and humid this month, 202 00:11:46,200 --> 00:11:48,080 Speaker 1: So you're stuck in an elevator. Let's say there's like 203 00:11:48,160 --> 00:11:51,320 Speaker 1: seven other people in there with you. The elevator stops, 204 00:11:51,960 --> 00:11:55,640 Speaker 1: climate control stops after an hour or two, you know, 205 00:11:55,760 --> 00:11:58,000 Speaker 1: you are already with a bunch of other people crammed 206 00:11:58,000 --> 00:12:02,240 Speaker 1: in this small space. That's gonna get in tall, terribly hot. Um. 207 00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:03,959 Speaker 1: And I mean they can get to a point, depending 208 00:12:04,200 --> 00:12:06,320 Speaker 1: upon where you are, I can get to a you know, 209 00:12:06,400 --> 00:12:09,440 Speaker 1: a point that's that's very dangerous, particularly for people who 210 00:12:09,440 --> 00:12:13,760 Speaker 1: are already in poor health. Uh. Subways similar problem. You know, 211 00:12:13,880 --> 00:12:17,240 Speaker 1: you don't necessarily want to immediately evacuate the train if 212 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:21,720 Speaker 1: it's a temporary power problem. Then once that comes back online, 213 00:12:21,760 --> 00:12:25,000 Speaker 1: you've got that third rail that would be of deadly 214 00:12:26,080 --> 00:12:28,400 Speaker 1: to come into contact with it. So it's one of 215 00:12:28,400 --> 00:12:32,880 Speaker 1: those things that you definitely need an evacuation plan. Uh. 216 00:12:33,840 --> 00:12:36,959 Speaker 1: I've read that if you had a blackout that lasted 217 00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:40,360 Speaker 1: longer than a few days, like a true blackout that 218 00:12:40,440 --> 00:12:42,400 Speaker 1: lasted longer than a few days in New York City, 219 00:12:42,880 --> 00:12:46,240 Speaker 1: then the many of the subways would end up having 220 00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:49,120 Speaker 1: flooding issues because they no longer would have some pumps 221 00:12:49,120 --> 00:12:51,760 Speaker 1: that would pump water out. Yeah. I've read the same thing. Yeah, 222 00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:54,240 Speaker 1: they have to be pumped out every single day. Yeah, 223 00:12:54,280 --> 00:12:56,520 Speaker 1: even if it's a day that's there's no rain, they 224 00:12:56,559 --> 00:12:59,120 Speaker 1: still have to be pumped out. So then you you 225 00:12:59,160 --> 00:13:02,120 Speaker 1: have infrastruct your problems that once the power comes online, 226 00:13:02,679 --> 00:13:05,600 Speaker 1: that electricity going through the areas that have water that 227 00:13:05,640 --> 00:13:08,600 Speaker 1: can actually end up causing debreed to catch on fire. 228 00:13:08,640 --> 00:13:10,160 Speaker 1: And then you've got fire on the tracks as well. 229 00:13:10,160 --> 00:13:12,840 Speaker 1: I mean there's lots of issues that roll out just 230 00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:16,760 Speaker 1: from losing power. That sounds like a great like folk 231 00:13:16,880 --> 00:13:22,640 Speaker 1: album title fire on the Tracks, it's the lost Johnny 232 00:13:22,640 --> 00:13:25,840 Speaker 1: Cash album. Uh. Also, you got you have issues with 233 00:13:25,880 --> 00:13:28,800 Speaker 1: traffic because if all the traffic signals are out, then 234 00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:33,199 Speaker 1: there's no way to regulate traffic. Yeah, Joe, I'm sure 235 00:13:33,280 --> 00:13:37,440 Speaker 1: you've driven in Atlanta after there's been power outages where Yeah, 236 00:13:37,960 --> 00:13:39,840 Speaker 1: how how lovely is it to come up to one 237 00:13:39,880 --> 00:13:42,520 Speaker 1: of those intersections? Well? Are now? Are you talking about 238 00:13:42,520 --> 00:13:48,800 Speaker 1: the intersections that have the flashing lights or it's just blank, 239 00:13:48,880 --> 00:13:52,400 Speaker 1: It's just blank. I've come on that too. It's not fun. 240 00:13:52,960 --> 00:13:56,680 Speaker 1: People are eager for their turn. Yeah, there are times 241 00:13:56,720 --> 00:13:59,320 Speaker 1: where like it's odd. I don't know if this is 242 00:13:59,320 --> 00:14:02,920 Speaker 1: the case in lots of different cities, but in Atlanta, Uh, 243 00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:05,720 Speaker 1: people either treat everything like it's a four way stop, 244 00:14:05,760 --> 00:14:07,840 Speaker 1: even if it's a blinking yellow light, which means proceed 245 00:14:07,840 --> 00:14:11,679 Speaker 1: with caution, not stop. Um, but people will treat everything 246 00:14:11,679 --> 00:14:13,080 Speaker 1: like it's a four way stop, or they treat like 247 00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:16,440 Speaker 1: nothing is a Moore Wi stop, and either way it's 248 00:14:16,520 --> 00:14:19,960 Speaker 1: not good. And just imagine like this is nationwide. You've 249 00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:22,680 Speaker 1: got no means of regulating the traffic. You also have 250 00:14:22,760 --> 00:14:26,880 Speaker 1: no way of of being able to have emergency responders 251 00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:28,600 Speaker 1: get to where they need to go in a in 252 00:14:28,600 --> 00:14:31,480 Speaker 1: a fast way because everything's clogged up with traffic as 253 00:14:31,480 --> 00:14:34,720 Speaker 1: people are trying to get home, or people are worried 254 00:14:34,720 --> 00:14:37,720 Speaker 1: about how much fuel they have. That's another big issue 255 00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:40,560 Speaker 1: if the electricity goes out. Most fueling stations, in fact, 256 00:14:40,920 --> 00:14:44,360 Speaker 1: nearly all of them required electricity to operate, so you 257 00:14:44,400 --> 00:14:47,880 Speaker 1: can't refuel your vehicle, but you can siphon someone else's 258 00:14:49,520 --> 00:14:52,240 Speaker 1: and that might end up being an issue too. Uh yeah, 259 00:14:52,320 --> 00:14:55,720 Speaker 1: so uh, cell phone service might go out. A lot 260 00:14:55,760 --> 00:14:58,080 Speaker 1: of cell phone towers have backup generators, but that will 261 00:14:58,120 --> 00:15:00,520 Speaker 1: only last as long as the fuel does. Not all 262 00:15:00,560 --> 00:15:03,480 Speaker 1: cell phone towers have backup generators, so once it goes out, 263 00:15:03,560 --> 00:15:06,120 Speaker 1: there offline, which means your phone might work, but the 264 00:15:06,120 --> 00:15:07,920 Speaker 1: person you're trying to call they might not have a 265 00:15:07,960 --> 00:15:10,160 Speaker 1: working cell phone tower and range. And then of course 266 00:15:10,280 --> 00:15:14,800 Speaker 1: remember that in many major catastrophes and events, you're gonna 267 00:15:14,800 --> 00:15:18,120 Speaker 1: have so many people trying to access the cellular system 268 00:15:18,200 --> 00:15:22,400 Speaker 1: they're flooding it. We've seen that happen. We've seen that 269 00:15:22,440 --> 00:15:25,200 Speaker 1: have even in even in non emergency situations when there's 270 00:15:25,240 --> 00:15:27,680 Speaker 1: just a large number of people, like when c e 271 00:15:27,960 --> 00:15:30,440 Speaker 1: s happens every year are Comic Con. There's so many 272 00:15:30,440 --> 00:15:33,520 Speaker 1: people trying to connect to the local network that it 273 00:15:33,600 --> 00:15:36,760 Speaker 1: just overloads it and nothing goes out, uh, and nothing 274 00:15:36,760 --> 00:15:40,520 Speaker 1: comes in. It's like the Willy Wonka factory before they 275 00:15:40,560 --> 00:15:42,760 Speaker 1: opened it up with the golden tickets. Nobody ever goes 276 00:15:42,800 --> 00:15:45,320 Speaker 1: in and nobody ever comes out. Uh. Yeah, So it's 277 00:15:45,440 --> 00:15:48,880 Speaker 1: it's a pretty grim situation. We'll talk a little bit 278 00:15:48,880 --> 00:15:54,320 Speaker 1: more about um possible uh the possible toll in just 279 00:15:54,400 --> 00:15:57,200 Speaker 1: a bit, But before we do that, let's talk also 280 00:15:57,520 --> 00:16:00,160 Speaker 1: about some of the other systems that because of the 281 00:16:00,200 --> 00:16:03,440 Speaker 1: power outage, would be affected. We we just touched on one, 282 00:16:03,480 --> 00:16:09,360 Speaker 1: the communication system. So satellites would largely be unaffected by 283 00:16:09,400 --> 00:16:12,680 Speaker 1: any Earth based catastrophe. If it were a solar flare, 284 00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:15,560 Speaker 1: then obviously satellites would be Actually they'd be the most 285 00:16:15,640 --> 00:16:18,280 Speaker 1: vulnerable the further out you are, the more vulnerable you 286 00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:22,760 Speaker 1: are to to like a solar flare or coronal mass ejection. UM. 287 00:16:23,360 --> 00:16:26,360 Speaker 1: Then you know, you could end up having the electronics 288 00:16:26,360 --> 00:16:30,120 Speaker 1: fried on the satellites. A lot of them are shielded 289 00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:32,840 Speaker 1: pretty heavily for that sort of stuff, because it's more 290 00:16:32,880 --> 00:16:34,800 Speaker 1: likely to happen to a satellite than it is to 291 00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:38,480 Speaker 1: electronics here on Earth. But a truly powerful one, and 292 00:16:38,520 --> 00:16:41,320 Speaker 1: there have been some in the past, could really overwhelm 293 00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:45,200 Speaker 1: those satellites. UM. Anything connected to the power grid obviously 294 00:16:45,200 --> 00:16:50,200 Speaker 1: would be uh, it would be vulnerable. So uh, you 295 00:16:50,280 --> 00:16:52,680 Speaker 1: might be able to get radio signals if you have 296 00:16:52,720 --> 00:16:54,960 Speaker 1: a battery operated radio, which, by the way, you should 297 00:16:55,000 --> 00:17:00,400 Speaker 1: have a battery operated radio. Handk Yeah, hand Craig operated 298 00:17:00,480 --> 00:17:03,720 Speaker 1: radio would be great to uh, either of those are both. 299 00:17:04,119 --> 00:17:06,080 Speaker 1: You know, there are a lot of combination systems out 300 00:17:06,080 --> 00:17:07,800 Speaker 1: there where you can get one that works on either 301 00:17:07,800 --> 00:17:10,880 Speaker 1: battery or hand crank. I recommend having one of those. 302 00:17:12,400 --> 00:17:14,439 Speaker 1: Of course, that will only last as long as the 303 00:17:14,560 --> 00:17:18,960 Speaker 1: radio broadcasting power has you know, has a supply of 304 00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:23,080 Speaker 1: power from whatever source it's pulling it from, like a generator, 305 00:17:23,080 --> 00:17:25,800 Speaker 1: a backup generator. Once the backup generators out of fuel, 306 00:17:26,359 --> 00:17:29,080 Speaker 1: if the blackout continues, then that's gonna go dark too. 307 00:17:29,880 --> 00:17:33,360 Speaker 1: So communications might last a little longer than the power does, 308 00:17:33,400 --> 00:17:37,359 Speaker 1: but not it won't be indefinite. Um. I've also seen 309 00:17:38,160 --> 00:17:41,240 Speaker 1: people recommend that you go ahead and invest in walkie 310 00:17:41,280 --> 00:17:47,520 Speaker 1: talkies because they can provide for communication over sometimes miles 311 00:17:47,520 --> 00:17:51,560 Speaker 1: of distance, uh and could be invaluable depending upon where 312 00:17:51,640 --> 00:17:56,080 Speaker 1: you are. So uh, cell phone towers and radio stations 313 00:17:56,640 --> 00:18:00,000 Speaker 1: will all go offline eventually. Are actually some developing nations 314 00:18:00,280 --> 00:18:03,280 Speaker 1: that are making certain that their cell phone towers are 315 00:18:03,320 --> 00:18:06,040 Speaker 1: not on the power grid at all, either because there's 316 00:18:06,080 --> 00:18:10,080 Speaker 1: not a power grid in those remote locations or it's 317 00:18:10,119 --> 00:18:13,240 Speaker 1: just so unreliable that in order to have a stable 318 00:18:13,280 --> 00:18:18,840 Speaker 1: communication systems own power supply. The A lot of them 319 00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:21,000 Speaker 1: are running on their own generators, and many of them 320 00:18:21,119 --> 00:18:25,960 Speaker 1: are using solar power as a primary means for generating 321 00:18:26,000 --> 00:18:30,000 Speaker 1: electricity for during the daylight hours. So it's pretty interesting 322 00:18:30,720 --> 00:18:32,439 Speaker 1: and we could take a note from that, like we 323 00:18:32,480 --> 00:18:36,439 Speaker 1: could start building out infrastructure to be robust in that 324 00:18:36,520 --> 00:18:40,800 Speaker 1: same way and independent in that same way. Uh. And 325 00:18:40,880 --> 00:18:43,719 Speaker 1: you know, like I said, just because you have access 326 00:18:43,760 --> 00:18:45,920 Speaker 1: doesn't mean everybody else, you know does. It could still 327 00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:47,679 Speaker 1: end up being a big issue and you might not 328 00:18:47,720 --> 00:18:50,280 Speaker 1: be able to get in touch with anybody. We'll be 329 00:18:50,280 --> 00:18:52,879 Speaker 1: back with more of this classic episode of tech stuff 330 00:18:52,920 --> 00:19:05,560 Speaker 1: after this quick break. So that's power and communications. But 331 00:19:05,680 --> 00:19:07,720 Speaker 1: you know, there are other things that we rely upon 332 00:19:07,800 --> 00:19:11,760 Speaker 1: that we take for granted, like, hey, have you ever 333 00:19:11,800 --> 00:19:14,080 Speaker 1: gone up to a faucet and turned on the knob 334 00:19:14,119 --> 00:19:17,560 Speaker 1: and nothing came out? I've done that in my home before. 335 00:19:17,840 --> 00:19:21,800 Speaker 1: Isn't that a terrifying experience. Yeah, it's It's especially bad 336 00:19:21,840 --> 00:19:24,480 Speaker 1: when it's like your mouth is full of toothpaste. Yes, 337 00:19:24,560 --> 00:19:28,000 Speaker 1: that's not that's not good. Yeah. Um. Running water is 338 00:19:28,040 --> 00:19:30,040 Speaker 1: one of those things that we often take for granted. 339 00:19:30,160 --> 00:19:33,480 Speaker 1: And uh uh, if the paragrid system is down, running 340 00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:36,760 Speaker 1: water will follow, maybe not immediately. You might actually be 341 00:19:36,800 --> 00:19:40,399 Speaker 1: able to have running water for a day, maybe a 342 00:19:40,440 --> 00:19:41,919 Speaker 1: little bit longer. If you happen to live in a 343 00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:44,479 Speaker 1: place that has a lot of water in its pipes 344 00:19:44,520 --> 00:19:47,160 Speaker 1: like New York City actually could potentially hold a couple 345 00:19:47,200 --> 00:19:50,199 Speaker 1: of days worth of water in their pipes. Um, just 346 00:19:50,240 --> 00:19:52,639 Speaker 1: because that the water pressure that's built up and the 347 00:19:53,080 --> 00:19:56,840 Speaker 1: water supplies are enough to go for another couple of days, 348 00:19:56,840 --> 00:20:01,680 Speaker 1: assuming that everyone's not immediately thinking oh humanities, every container 349 00:20:01,680 --> 00:20:04,679 Speaker 1: in the house. Yeah, or which I mean, honestly, if 350 00:20:04,720 --> 00:20:07,680 Speaker 1: I thought, if I thought that the apocalypse was happening, 351 00:20:07,720 --> 00:20:10,359 Speaker 1: the first thing I would do is fill up every 352 00:20:10,359 --> 00:20:13,480 Speaker 1: container in the house with water. Yeah, me too. Also, 353 00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:15,879 Speaker 1: I'd want to run the washing machine to clean on 354 00:20:15,960 --> 00:20:20,520 Speaker 1: my underwear because I'm sure that it was very recently soiled. Uh, 355 00:20:20,760 --> 00:20:22,479 Speaker 1: that's all scared that would be I would soil not 356 00:20:22,520 --> 00:20:26,240 Speaker 1: just the underwhere I was wearing, but every pair I own. Um, 357 00:20:26,760 --> 00:20:29,960 Speaker 1: but no, you would you would think that that would 358 00:20:30,080 --> 00:20:34,399 Speaker 1: very quickly eliminate the supplied water. In the United States, 359 00:20:34,640 --> 00:20:38,119 Speaker 1: we mostly are creating our water pressure through water tanks. 360 00:20:38,440 --> 00:20:42,160 Speaker 1: The water tanks are elevated. Um. It's funny. There's actually 361 00:20:42,200 --> 00:20:47,480 Speaker 1: a very specific formula. Every every foot of height provides 362 00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:50,320 Speaker 1: point for three one pounds per square inch of pressure. 363 00:20:51,040 --> 00:20:53,800 Speaker 1: So if we want to convert that to the metric system, 364 00:20:53,960 --> 00:20:56,480 Speaker 1: for every thirty point four eight centimeters you get two 365 00:20:56,480 --> 00:21:01,480 Speaker 1: point nine seven two kilo pascals of pressure. Uh, that 366 00:21:01,520 --> 00:21:03,000 Speaker 1: means nothing to me. I have to do the prounds 367 00:21:03,040 --> 00:21:05,840 Speaker 1: of the pressure that the per square inch of pressure. 368 00:21:06,200 --> 00:21:08,440 Speaker 1: But a municipal water supplies run between fifty and a 369 00:21:08,880 --> 00:21:13,560 Speaker 1: p s I or three to six kilo pascals, and 370 00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:16,920 Speaker 1: most water towers contain enough water to supply the surrounding 371 00:21:16,960 --> 00:21:25,600 Speaker 1: community for a day, assuming normal, not that everybody is trying. Yeah, 372 00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:29,400 Speaker 1: so the problem is that to refill those water tanks, 373 00:21:29,440 --> 00:21:33,720 Speaker 1: you have to pump water up to those and yeah, 374 00:21:33,720 --> 00:21:37,119 Speaker 1: those pumps maybe running on electricity, so if they're not 375 00:21:37,200 --> 00:21:39,960 Speaker 1: running on electricity, they're running on fuel. So either they're 376 00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:43,520 Speaker 1: running on electricity and therefore you can't use them anymore 377 00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:46,760 Speaker 1: because the grid is offline. So once the water's gone, 378 00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:49,520 Speaker 1: it's gone, or they're running on fuel. And then once 379 00:21:49,560 --> 00:21:53,240 Speaker 1: your fuel runs out because you aren't able to transport 380 00:21:53,440 --> 00:21:57,600 Speaker 1: or refine more of it or or get your hands 381 00:21:57,640 --> 00:22:00,560 Speaker 1: on more of it, the water runs out. Either way, 382 00:22:00,560 --> 00:22:04,000 Speaker 1: the water runs out. It's just a question of time. So, uh, 383 00:22:04,160 --> 00:22:06,719 Speaker 1: that's a huge issue. So it would really make you 384 00:22:07,080 --> 00:22:09,760 Speaker 1: wish that you had access to clean well water, and 385 00:22:09,800 --> 00:22:12,040 Speaker 1: you might depending on where you are. Like we live 386 00:22:12,040 --> 00:22:15,440 Speaker 1: in an urban environment, we don't have access to clean 387 00:22:15,480 --> 00:22:17,399 Speaker 1: well water. I think, I don't know, you don't have 388 00:22:17,440 --> 00:22:20,960 Speaker 1: a well in your backyarddea. If I do have one, 389 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:23,040 Speaker 1: I don't know about it, But I don't know. There's 390 00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:25,639 Speaker 1: some weird stuff buried back there. Yeah. It all depends 391 00:22:25,640 --> 00:22:27,520 Speaker 1: on how often you do yard work, you know, Like, yeah, 392 00:22:27,560 --> 00:22:31,720 Speaker 1: I don't know what's back underneath that mass. Sometimes ghostly 393 00:22:31,800 --> 00:22:35,159 Speaker 1: creatures come crawling out of my backyard, so I don't know. 394 00:22:35,280 --> 00:22:39,040 Speaker 1: Oldridge horrors are not necessarily an indication that there is 395 00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:42,800 Speaker 1: a well in the nearby area. It's a common misconception. 396 00:22:43,400 --> 00:22:46,720 Speaker 1: Uh yeah. So unless you have access to clean water, 397 00:22:47,560 --> 00:22:50,800 Speaker 1: that's gonna be a huge, huge problem. And for much 398 00:22:50,920 --> 00:22:53,000 Speaker 1: of the population of the United States, that is in 399 00:22:53,080 --> 00:22:56,720 Speaker 1: fact a huge problem that you don't you know, you 400 00:22:56,760 --> 00:22:59,679 Speaker 1: don't necessarily live near a place where you can reliably 401 00:22:59,720 --> 00:23:04,840 Speaker 1: get potable water. Uh. Even bigger problem in other products 402 00:23:04,840 --> 00:23:08,760 Speaker 1: of the world obviously, So that's another issue. Then we 403 00:23:08,840 --> 00:23:12,680 Speaker 1: have the cars and fuel. So your car, let's say 404 00:23:12,720 --> 00:23:16,479 Speaker 1: it's an electromagnetic pulse, some of your car systems might 405 00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:18,760 Speaker 1: get fried. But in general, you know, we're talking about 406 00:23:18,800 --> 00:23:23,200 Speaker 1: good old internal combustion that's not affected by electromagnet neetic pulses. 407 00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:26,520 Speaker 1: That's not an issue. It's a mechanical system, not a well. 408 00:23:26,560 --> 00:23:28,560 Speaker 1: I understand it is largely I mean, wouldn't there be 409 00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:36,879 Speaker 1: electronical electron um Uh yeah, It is, of course largely mechanical, 410 00:23:37,280 --> 00:23:40,080 Speaker 1: you know, combustion. But I wonder about the electronic components, 411 00:23:40,200 --> 00:23:42,639 Speaker 1: especially if you have one of these newer cars that's 412 00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:45,960 Speaker 1: all computer brains. The newer, the newer your vehicle, the 413 00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:49,240 Speaker 1: more prone it would be to a real issue with 414 00:23:49,320 --> 00:23:53,439 Speaker 1: an e MP or solar flare. Uh. The older your vehicle, 415 00:23:53,480 --> 00:23:56,480 Speaker 1: the more reliable it would be in those conditions, assuming 416 00:23:56,520 --> 00:23:59,840 Speaker 1: that everything's in good working order obviously, But even so, 417 00:24:00,440 --> 00:24:02,120 Speaker 1: you can't get to the gas. If it's a gas 418 00:24:02,119 --> 00:24:05,479 Speaker 1: powered car, then you are You've got as much as 419 00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:07,560 Speaker 1: you have in your tank, and that's pretty much gonna 420 00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,200 Speaker 1: be it. Right. You can't go cut down some gas 421 00:24:10,280 --> 00:24:13,280 Speaker 1: from the forest next door. Gas has to be refined 422 00:24:13,359 --> 00:24:16,159 Speaker 1: from oil, yeah, and so the refineries are going to 423 00:24:16,240 --> 00:24:19,840 Speaker 1: be offline. The even if even if they weren't offline, 424 00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:22,320 Speaker 1: do you still have to have transportation, like you have 425 00:24:22,359 --> 00:24:26,399 Speaker 1: to transport the fuel to the different fueling stations. Fueling 426 00:24:26,440 --> 00:24:29,240 Speaker 1: stations will be offline because they need electricity to run. 427 00:24:29,359 --> 00:24:32,520 Speaker 1: So it's a big, big problem. Right, you would have 428 00:24:32,640 --> 00:24:36,360 Speaker 1: enough gas to get you wherever, you know, however far 429 00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:38,960 Speaker 1: your tank of gas will take you, assuming you've got 430 00:24:38,960 --> 00:24:41,520 Speaker 1: a full tank. Uh, and that would be it. Once 431 00:24:41,520 --> 00:24:43,639 Speaker 1: you ran out, you'd be pretty much stuck unless you 432 00:24:43,640 --> 00:24:46,240 Speaker 1: were able to against siphon gas out of some other vehicle. 433 00:24:46,880 --> 00:24:50,280 Speaker 1: Max's car, but be careful because it's booby trapped. You're 434 00:24:50,280 --> 00:24:54,439 Speaker 1: talking about Mr mad Max. So then if we're looking 435 00:24:54,520 --> 00:24:58,320 Speaker 1: at diesel engines, that's a little different. Some diesel engines 436 00:24:58,359 --> 00:25:01,320 Speaker 1: can run on bio diesel, which is some of them 437 00:25:01,359 --> 00:25:04,560 Speaker 1: can actually run on vegetable oil. You know, I would 438 00:25:04,600 --> 00:25:06,920 Speaker 1: say that's an ideal scenario, but then I'm like, well, 439 00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:11,200 Speaker 1: you don't encounter vegetable oil anymore commonly in nature than 440 00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:14,240 Speaker 1: you do gasoline. I mean that's also something that is 441 00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:18,359 Speaker 1: has to be expressed in an industrial process. Yes, yeah, 442 00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:20,560 Speaker 1: you could. You could run out and buy as much 443 00:25:20,640 --> 00:25:22,960 Speaker 1: as you could from assuming that you have some way 444 00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:25,440 Speaker 1: of buying. I mean, I don't care you that much 445 00:25:25,480 --> 00:25:28,320 Speaker 1: cash on me on any given day. So maybe, like 446 00:25:28,440 --> 00:25:32,240 Speaker 1: in your imagining in the early days of the apocalyptic scenario, 447 00:25:32,359 --> 00:25:35,800 Speaker 1: there is less price gouging on vegetable oil than there 448 00:25:35,920 --> 00:25:38,959 Speaker 1: is on gasoline. And probably water would be the biggest 449 00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:42,400 Speaker 1: one actually that I would guess water would be chief. 450 00:25:42,480 --> 00:25:45,920 Speaker 1: But yes, I do think that um at least initially, 451 00:25:46,280 --> 00:25:49,159 Speaker 1: so you would have to, you know, somehow have a 452 00:25:49,200 --> 00:25:52,280 Speaker 1: means of purchasing the stuff, assuming that people have faith 453 00:25:52,320 --> 00:25:54,679 Speaker 1: in the currency. It all depends on what the nature 454 00:25:54,680 --> 00:25:58,880 Speaker 1: of the catastrophe was, obviously, but um, you would also 455 00:25:58,880 --> 00:26:01,320 Speaker 1: have to have currency, don't If you don't have cash 456 00:26:01,320 --> 00:26:04,800 Speaker 1: on you, you're probably stuck. Uh But yeah, you could. 457 00:26:04,840 --> 00:26:07,640 Speaker 1: You could presumably use vegetable oil or some other means 458 00:26:07,640 --> 00:26:10,760 Speaker 1: of oil to to fuel your vehicle, at least in 459 00:26:10,760 --> 00:26:13,080 Speaker 1: the short term. But then once you once those supplies 460 00:26:13,119 --> 00:26:15,359 Speaker 1: are out, then you're just as stuck as everybody else. 461 00:26:16,080 --> 00:26:19,440 Speaker 1: Uh So, Yeah, the Mad Max future where people are 462 00:26:19,440 --> 00:26:23,040 Speaker 1: fighting over water and they have cars that magically are 463 00:26:23,080 --> 00:26:27,159 Speaker 1: fueled by means that I don't know like how that works. 464 00:26:27,560 --> 00:26:31,080 Speaker 1: I don't know how they're able to keep a system 465 00:26:31,080 --> 00:26:38,119 Speaker 1: in place to capture and refine fuel and then distribute fuel. 466 00:26:39,160 --> 00:26:42,280 Speaker 1: But apart from barter Town, which is run on methane. Yeah, 467 00:26:42,359 --> 00:26:45,479 Speaker 1: that is also in the second movie, The Road Warrior. 468 00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:50,080 Speaker 1: Isn't the little settlement that the raiders are attacking their 469 00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:52,679 Speaker 1: their like extracting oil from the ground and refining it. 470 00:26:52,720 --> 00:26:55,159 Speaker 1: Aren't they like set up their own refinery. Yeah, it 471 00:26:55,200 --> 00:26:56,880 Speaker 1: just It makes me wonder, like, if you can set 472 00:26:56,920 --> 00:27:01,399 Speaker 1: your own refinery, couldn't you set up a desalination facility 473 00:27:01,480 --> 00:27:04,000 Speaker 1: because the big issue is water in the Mad Max world, 474 00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:07,320 Speaker 1: that's the water and gasoline. I mean, yeah, it seems 475 00:27:07,320 --> 00:27:09,199 Speaker 1: like they're both pretty But I mean, if you're if 476 00:27:09,200 --> 00:27:11,000 Speaker 1: you're able to get your if you're able to set 477 00:27:11,040 --> 00:27:15,480 Speaker 1: up a refinery after this whatever the apocalyptic event is, uh, 478 00:27:15,560 --> 00:27:18,480 Speaker 1: then you probably also could create a desalination plant, which would, 479 00:27:19,160 --> 00:27:21,960 Speaker 1: assuming you are anywhere close to the ocean, would solve 480 00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:23,639 Speaker 1: a lot of your water issues, or at least at 481 00:27:23,680 --> 00:27:29,760 Speaker 1: least diminish them. Um So, then getting the cars all 482 00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:32,120 Speaker 1: the way, assuming that we haven't reached this Mad Max 483 00:27:32,240 --> 00:27:34,960 Speaker 1: magical world where we can still operate a refinery but 484 00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:42,560 Speaker 1: everything else has gone completely bonkers. What about personal electronics there? Yeah, 485 00:27:42,720 --> 00:27:44,920 Speaker 1: I mean what are you going to do with them? Yeah, 486 00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:48,239 Speaker 1: they might have a battery that'll work as long as 487 00:27:48,240 --> 00:27:51,000 Speaker 1: the batteries charge, or you need to plug them in 488 00:27:51,080 --> 00:27:53,320 Speaker 1: somewhere and that will work as long as you have 489 00:27:53,359 --> 00:27:55,240 Speaker 1: access to power. But if you do, why are we 490 00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:58,240 Speaker 1: talking about this? You could you could potentially have solar 491 00:27:58,240 --> 00:28:00,679 Speaker 1: panels to recharge electronics, like there lot of things to 492 00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:04,120 Speaker 1: do that. But again we sort of said at the beginning, like, 493 00:28:04,800 --> 00:28:06,760 Speaker 1: if you've got off the grid power, you're in a 494 00:28:06,800 --> 00:28:10,040 Speaker 1: whole different situation. Then mainly you gotta worry about who's 495 00:28:10,080 --> 00:28:12,240 Speaker 1: coming to get your goods. Well, I'm just thinking back 496 00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:15,600 Speaker 1: to when I got a house Stuff Works backpack that 497 00:28:15,640 --> 00:28:18,680 Speaker 1: had a solar panel built into it where I could 498 00:28:18,760 --> 00:28:21,560 Speaker 1: charge of it that came up with so much power 499 00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:24,720 Speaker 1: twelve hours of having it sit in the sun would 500 00:28:25,160 --> 00:28:27,959 Speaker 1: charge it would charge your phone. But that's twelve hours 501 00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:31,760 Speaker 1: of direct sunlight on that panel. By the way, sun 502 00:28:31,800 --> 00:28:34,119 Speaker 1: does not stay still for twelve hours, So you gotta 503 00:28:34,520 --> 00:28:37,800 Speaker 1: like you would have to continuously position the backpack to 504 00:28:37,880 --> 00:28:40,360 Speaker 1: have an ideal amount of sunlight in order to generate 505 00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:44,920 Speaker 1: the electricity necessary just to recharge a phone. Uh so, yeah, 506 00:28:45,000 --> 00:28:48,280 Speaker 1: you could potentially have some electronics last a fairly long 507 00:28:48,320 --> 00:28:52,120 Speaker 1: time with rechargeable batteries with solar power, it would be sporadic, 508 00:28:52,320 --> 00:28:55,320 Speaker 1: and also the underlying infrastructure that supported them is no 509 00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:57,160 Speaker 1: longer there, so you're not getting a lot of use 510 00:28:57,200 --> 00:28:59,840 Speaker 1: out of it, unless you're just like, well, it's the apologism. 511 00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:04,040 Speaker 1: I downloaded all these episodes of I don't know whatever. 512 00:29:04,880 --> 00:29:07,320 Speaker 1: I was just thinking. I was just thinking, like the 513 00:29:07,360 --> 00:29:10,000 Speaker 1: apocalypse and everything's gone to hell, but at least I 514 00:29:10,040 --> 00:29:16,880 Speaker 1: can still play Angry Birds, you know. Yeah, yeah, so 515 00:29:17,040 --> 00:29:20,760 Speaker 1: it's some Lord Humongus will kill you for that iPad. Right, So, 516 00:29:20,760 --> 00:29:25,520 Speaker 1: so the the electronics problem also non trivial. Alright, so 517 00:29:25,640 --> 00:29:29,480 Speaker 1: let's talk a little bit about what would happen during 518 00:29:29,520 --> 00:29:33,440 Speaker 1: one of these blackouts. Actually, uh, you linked to an 519 00:29:33,560 --> 00:29:37,840 Speaker 1: article that was part of a National geographic special about this. Yeah. 520 00:29:37,840 --> 00:29:40,320 Speaker 1: It was written by Patrick Jake Tiger, who writes for 521 00:29:40,360 --> 00:29:42,360 Speaker 1: house Stuff Works. Yeah, so one of our one of 522 00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:44,480 Speaker 1: the members of the family. He wrote this thing and 523 00:29:44,480 --> 00:29:46,080 Speaker 1: and it was a really good article and it also 524 00:29:46,160 --> 00:29:50,160 Speaker 1: linked to an interactive page that was all part of 525 00:29:50,200 --> 00:29:53,880 Speaker 1: this package National geographic put out. It was a depressing 526 00:29:53,920 --> 00:29:58,240 Speaker 1: but very interesting yeah, called American blackout. And uh, the 527 00:29:58,280 --> 00:30:01,200 Speaker 1: page that was interactive was really cool. It was it 528 00:30:01,240 --> 00:30:05,120 Speaker 1: was telling you how a nationwide blackout in America might 529 00:30:05,240 --> 00:30:08,080 Speaker 1: unfold over the course of ten days. They assumed that 530 00:30:08,120 --> 00:30:12,480 Speaker 1: after ten days, whatever the issue was has been resolved 531 00:30:12,560 --> 00:30:15,400 Speaker 1: and power can be restored. But within that ten days, 532 00:30:15,440 --> 00:30:20,680 Speaker 1: an amazing amount of catastrophe and chaos would occur. Um 533 00:30:20,760 --> 00:30:25,080 Speaker 1: and they looked at UH, the potential death count of 534 00:30:25,280 --> 00:30:28,520 Speaker 1: a ten day blackout, nationwide black blackout. Keeping in mind 535 00:30:28,520 --> 00:30:31,400 Speaker 1: this also affects things like hospitals, so people who would 536 00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:35,640 Speaker 1: be reliant upon um medical facilities to keep them in 537 00:30:35,920 --> 00:30:38,680 Speaker 1: and keep them alive, they would be at most at 538 00:30:38,760 --> 00:30:43,240 Speaker 1: risk obviously, and they figured that it would have a 539 00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:47,680 Speaker 1: death count of around three nine thousand, thirteen people after 540 00:30:47,760 --> 00:30:51,600 Speaker 1: ten days. That's a that's without factoring in whatever it 541 00:30:51,720 --> 00:30:54,440 Speaker 1: was that caused the blackout in the first place, of right, 542 00:30:54,480 --> 00:30:57,320 Speaker 1: So if there was some other catastrophic event that happened first, 543 00:30:57,320 --> 00:31:01,520 Speaker 1: obviously that death toll would be in addition to this number, UH, 544 00:31:01,560 --> 00:31:05,360 Speaker 1: and the numbers would be much higher depending upon whatever 545 00:31:05,440 --> 00:31:10,040 Speaker 1: catastrophe it was, zombie apocalypse through the roof UM. So 546 00:31:10,080 --> 00:31:12,880 Speaker 1: then you've got the financial impact. So assuming that it's 547 00:31:12,880 --> 00:31:16,280 Speaker 1: something that we could recover from where it doesn't stay 548 00:31:16,320 --> 00:31:19,320 Speaker 1: post apocalyptic for very long, like whatever the issue issue is, 549 00:31:19,360 --> 00:31:22,560 Speaker 1: we resolve it, UH after ten days, it would be 550 00:31:22,600 --> 00:31:26,440 Speaker 1: a cost of one point to trillion dollars of lost 551 00:31:26,440 --> 00:31:29,320 Speaker 1: productivity of damages of all those things kind of lumped 552 00:31:29,320 --> 00:31:31,280 Speaker 1: in together. Yeah, but just think about all that pent 553 00:31:31,360 --> 00:31:34,760 Speaker 1: up demand. It sounds like a great time to start 554 00:31:34,760 --> 00:31:36,800 Speaker 1: a business. Just think of how much you would save 555 00:31:36,840 --> 00:31:38,920 Speaker 1: on your electricity bill because you haven't been able to 556 00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:42,760 Speaker 1: use it for ten days. Stay tuned for the exciting 557 00:31:42,800 --> 00:31:46,240 Speaker 1: conclusion of this Tex Stuff Classic episode right after we 558 00:31:46,320 --> 00:31:59,120 Speaker 1: take this break. So then we will have a real 559 00:31:59,160 --> 00:32:01,600 Speaker 1: brief section here us to talk about what you what 560 00:32:01,680 --> 00:32:03,640 Speaker 1: you might want to consider to have as kind of 561 00:32:03,640 --> 00:32:07,160 Speaker 1: a preparedness kit. Yeah, these are your five tips, and 562 00:32:07,320 --> 00:32:10,240 Speaker 1: this is in case of you know, these these blackout 563 00:32:10,280 --> 00:32:13,560 Speaker 1: situations which could happen for lots of different reasons. Yeah, 564 00:32:13,600 --> 00:32:15,680 Speaker 1: you want to stock enough food and water and any 565 00:32:15,720 --> 00:32:18,360 Speaker 1: medical supplies you might need for everyone in your family 566 00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:21,240 Speaker 1: to last for seventy two hours. Now, obviously this is 567 00:32:21,280 --> 00:32:23,920 Speaker 1: referring to food that would not need to be refrigerated. 568 00:32:26,040 --> 00:32:28,320 Speaker 1: Seventy two hours worth of mayonnaise has would be like 569 00:32:28,400 --> 00:32:31,320 Speaker 1: canned goods, that sort of stuff. And uh, you know, 570 00:32:31,760 --> 00:32:33,920 Speaker 1: you might also want to go ahead and invest in 571 00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:37,560 Speaker 1: some means of like like like some non electronic means 572 00:32:37,600 --> 00:32:40,800 Speaker 1: of heating said food if you want to have it cooked. 573 00:32:41,280 --> 00:32:43,880 Speaker 1: And of course, as Harlan Ellison would remind us, you 574 00:32:43,920 --> 00:32:46,320 Speaker 1: need a can opener. Yes, a can opener would Yes, 575 00:32:46,480 --> 00:32:50,760 Speaker 1: a manual can opener would be very important. Uh. You 576 00:32:50,840 --> 00:32:52,640 Speaker 1: also want to make sure you have a stocked first 577 00:32:52,640 --> 00:32:56,480 Speaker 1: aid kit, which makes sense. Uh. Flashlights and a battery 578 00:32:56,480 --> 00:32:59,440 Speaker 1: powered radio plus batteries doesn't do you much good if 579 00:32:59,480 --> 00:33:02,400 Speaker 1: you don't have any good you know, reliable batteries to use, 580 00:33:03,080 --> 00:33:06,960 Speaker 1: candles and matches, perferably waterproof matches also a really good idea. 581 00:33:07,640 --> 00:33:09,240 Speaker 1: And if you have a car, make it a habit 582 00:33:09,320 --> 00:33:12,360 Speaker 1: to avoid dipping below half full on the gas tank 583 00:33:12,520 --> 00:33:15,160 Speaker 1: because if one of these events happens, you want to 584 00:33:15,160 --> 00:33:17,720 Speaker 1: have enough fuel for you to be able to get 585 00:33:17,760 --> 00:33:22,239 Speaker 1: home or get away from whatever the incident is, if 586 00:33:22,280 --> 00:33:24,760 Speaker 1: it happens to be localized to your area. Yeah. Now, 587 00:33:24,800 --> 00:33:28,360 Speaker 1: obviously we've said several times now your your best case 588 00:33:28,400 --> 00:33:31,440 Speaker 1: scenario is to be energy and dependent, Like if you 589 00:33:31,560 --> 00:33:34,040 Speaker 1: actually had a bunch of solar panels or some kind 590 00:33:34,040 --> 00:33:37,360 Speaker 1: of way of generating power in your home that's not 591 00:33:37,400 --> 00:33:40,000 Speaker 1: going to run out there. You go, yeah, I've actually 592 00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:42,280 Speaker 1: seen I was looking into this. Tree Hugger did a 593 00:33:42,840 --> 00:33:45,920 Speaker 1: article about the various types of power generation you could do. 594 00:33:45,960 --> 00:33:49,120 Speaker 1: Our electricity generation you could do at home, and solar 595 00:33:49,160 --> 00:33:52,200 Speaker 1: power is good except of course, if it is super 596 00:33:52,280 --> 00:33:55,959 Speaker 1: volcanic canoe or dust or whatever, there's if there's something 597 00:33:56,000 --> 00:33:59,680 Speaker 1: that's blocking the sunlight from getting to the earth, that's 598 00:33:59,680 --> 00:34:02,240 Speaker 1: not gonna help you too much, right so, um, but 599 00:34:02,280 --> 00:34:05,320 Speaker 1: then you would also have much more serious problems than 600 00:34:05,360 --> 00:34:07,520 Speaker 1: not being able to charge your eye pass, such as 601 00:34:07,560 --> 00:34:10,719 Speaker 1: like crops won't grow we're breathing. That could also be 602 00:34:10,760 --> 00:34:15,920 Speaker 1: a problem. Wind turbines also are a possibility possibility, depending 603 00:34:15,960 --> 00:34:19,799 Speaker 1: upon where you live and the regulations they're personal wind 604 00:34:19,840 --> 00:34:24,040 Speaker 1: turbine would a generate I mean like a like a 605 00:34:24,120 --> 00:34:27,200 Speaker 1: resprobably sized one that you could build on your own property. 606 00:34:27,280 --> 00:34:30,279 Speaker 1: Would that get enough energy? Wind turbine with a four 607 00:34:30,360 --> 00:34:34,480 Speaker 1: foot diameter of blade diameter would be enough to power 608 00:34:35,239 --> 00:34:39,600 Speaker 1: a an average home without running all your major appliances, 609 00:34:39,640 --> 00:34:41,120 Speaker 1: Like you're like, you wouldn't be able to run the 610 00:34:41,200 --> 00:34:43,920 Speaker 1: dryer on that. You don't need a one with a 611 00:34:44,040 --> 00:34:47,000 Speaker 1: nine ft diameter to generate enough electricity to do that, 612 00:34:47,080 --> 00:34:50,959 Speaker 1: assuming that you're getting reliable amount of wind where you live. 613 00:34:51,560 --> 00:34:54,400 Speaker 1: And obviously this would be more for people who are 614 00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:57,319 Speaker 1: not in a dense servant environment. Yeah, exactly, So if 615 00:34:57,360 --> 00:34:59,160 Speaker 1: you have to live out in a rural area where 616 00:34:59,160 --> 00:35:02,600 Speaker 1: you could build such structure. Um, that would be a possibility. 617 00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:07,120 Speaker 1: I've also seen even micro hydro electric power where if 618 00:35:07,120 --> 00:35:12,200 Speaker 1: you live near a running stream that's running with enough force, 619 00:35:12,320 --> 00:35:16,640 Speaker 1: you could have a micro hydro electric power generation. Yeah, 620 00:35:16,640 --> 00:35:20,120 Speaker 1: I've heard of this. Yeah, it's a great idea because again, 621 00:35:20,160 --> 00:35:23,840 Speaker 1: like just like with the major hydraulic systems or hydraulic 622 00:35:23,840 --> 00:35:26,680 Speaker 1: system hydro powered systems, you don't have to worry about 623 00:35:26,719 --> 00:35:30,560 Speaker 1: running out of fuel. So great if you have the 624 00:35:30,640 --> 00:35:33,839 Speaker 1: accessibility to that sort of thing. So let's conclude this 625 00:35:33,880 --> 00:35:37,600 Speaker 1: by talking about some of our favorite post apocalyptic stories. 626 00:35:37,640 --> 00:35:40,000 Speaker 1: And you know this, this isn't so much on the 627 00:35:40,760 --> 00:35:43,799 Speaker 1: technology side as as just the the worlds that have 628 00:35:43,880 --> 00:35:47,560 Speaker 1: been imagined by various people that take place in in 629 00:35:47,600 --> 00:35:49,920 Speaker 1: an you know, on on Earth where something like this 630 00:35:50,000 --> 00:35:53,319 Speaker 1: has happened, like some some castrophic event has happened. Sure. Well, 631 00:35:53,360 --> 00:35:57,080 Speaker 1: these tend to divide between like the very serious and 632 00:35:57,120 --> 00:36:01,080 Speaker 1: then the less serious. I would say so, so both 633 00:36:01,080 --> 00:36:03,920 Speaker 1: of US's hard to compare The Road and Mad Max. Yes, 634 00:36:04,600 --> 00:36:07,120 Speaker 1: both of us really like The Road. That is one 635 00:36:07,160 --> 00:36:08,920 Speaker 1: of my favorite books of all time. It is a 636 00:36:09,080 --> 00:36:13,200 Speaker 1: very sad, very disturbing book, but it's also very moving 637 00:36:13,360 --> 00:36:18,040 Speaker 1: it has a very uplifting ending. Uh some might say 638 00:36:18,040 --> 00:36:22,520 Speaker 1: that at least it ends on a at least an 639 00:36:22,960 --> 00:36:26,600 Speaker 1: but from my reading depends on an optimistic note. I would. Yeah, 640 00:36:26,680 --> 00:36:30,480 Speaker 1: so it's but it is it's a hard read, guys. 641 00:36:30,480 --> 00:36:34,600 Speaker 1: I mean it's not it's not uh pleasant. Yeah. Yeah. 642 00:36:34,719 --> 00:36:39,760 Speaker 1: It is imagining sort of the last gasp of humanity. 643 00:36:39,840 --> 00:36:41,719 Speaker 1: So it's not one of these where you know that 644 00:36:42,400 --> 00:36:46,520 Speaker 1: we've we've just had the the apocalyptic event. It's it's 645 00:36:46,560 --> 00:36:49,560 Speaker 1: one of these where there aren't many people at all left. 646 00:36:49,640 --> 00:36:52,439 Speaker 1: And the really cool thing, or one of the really 647 00:36:52,440 --> 00:36:55,040 Speaker 1: cool things about the book is it never explains what 648 00:36:55,120 --> 00:36:58,680 Speaker 1: the event was. Yeah. So it describes lots of things 649 00:36:58,800 --> 00:37:02,840 Speaker 1: like their earthquake. Um, the sky is constantly gray, and 650 00:37:02,880 --> 00:37:06,320 Speaker 1: all of the plant life is dead, presumably because the 651 00:37:06,360 --> 00:37:09,240 Speaker 1: sunlight has been blocked by the cloud cover in the skies. 652 00:37:09,800 --> 00:37:12,719 Speaker 1: And when I first read it, I assumed, well, I 653 00:37:12,760 --> 00:37:16,080 Speaker 1: think it's probably talking about nuclear war or something like that. 654 00:37:16,440 --> 00:37:18,799 Speaker 1: But then I read and I wish I could find this. 655 00:37:18,880 --> 00:37:20,720 Speaker 1: I tried to go back and find it and couldn't. 656 00:37:20,760 --> 00:37:23,480 Speaker 1: I read a blog post years ago on the Internet 657 00:37:23,560 --> 00:37:27,040 Speaker 1: somebody had put together explaining their theory of why they 658 00:37:27,120 --> 00:37:30,920 Speaker 1: thought the the event imagined by the author Cormick McCarthy 659 00:37:31,080 --> 00:37:34,719 Speaker 1: was a super volcano eruption, And I remember thinking that 660 00:37:34,760 --> 00:37:36,760 Speaker 1: they made a really good case, but then I couldn't 661 00:37:36,760 --> 00:37:39,040 Speaker 1: find what they wrote. Yeah. I think the best argument 662 00:37:39,080 --> 00:37:41,720 Speaker 1: for that is I don't recall anything in there about 663 00:37:43,000 --> 00:37:47,280 Speaker 1: a fear of radiation. Yeah, whereas a super volcano could 664 00:37:47,480 --> 00:37:50,760 Speaker 1: cause many of the same features as a nuclear winter, 665 00:37:51,840 --> 00:37:55,640 Speaker 1: but without the nuclear fallout. Um. Yeah, that's a that's 666 00:37:55,640 --> 00:37:58,960 Speaker 1: a great it's a great story. It's again tough read, 667 00:37:59,000 --> 00:38:02,520 Speaker 1: but a great worth while Along the same lines. I 668 00:38:02,600 --> 00:38:05,719 Speaker 1: guess some people might consider this lower form of art, 669 00:38:05,840 --> 00:38:08,719 Speaker 1: but I was actually really impressed by the story in 670 00:38:08,880 --> 00:38:12,239 Speaker 1: the video game The Last of Us. I'd say that definitely, 671 00:38:12,280 --> 00:38:14,920 Speaker 1: hands down had the best writing of any video game 672 00:38:14,960 --> 00:38:17,480 Speaker 1: I've ever played. And in the world they imagined was 673 00:38:18,080 --> 00:38:20,960 Speaker 1: kind of sad and beautiful, and and it was a 674 00:38:21,040 --> 00:38:25,400 Speaker 1: post apocalyptic scenario caused by a fungal infection that created 675 00:38:25,440 --> 00:38:28,400 Speaker 1: a zombie like state. Yeah, it's a it's essentially another 676 00:38:28,480 --> 00:38:32,200 Speaker 1: zombie outbreak story, but without it being uh dumb, Yeah, 677 00:38:32,280 --> 00:38:35,520 Speaker 1: without it being magical zombies. It's it's based more on 678 00:38:35,520 --> 00:38:38,439 Speaker 1: on things that we have actually observed in natured though 679 00:38:38,560 --> 00:38:41,439 Speaker 1: not with humans but with other life forms. Right. Yeah, 680 00:38:41,440 --> 00:38:45,360 Speaker 1: it's based on the fungus that infects ants and changes 681 00:38:45,400 --> 00:38:48,239 Speaker 1: their behavior, gets into their brains. It's just kind of like, well, 682 00:38:48,239 --> 00:38:50,120 Speaker 1: what if a fungus could get into your brain and 683 00:38:50,160 --> 00:38:53,239 Speaker 1: make you want to bite people? So that is that 684 00:38:53,320 --> 00:38:55,759 Speaker 1: is another good one. I also enjoyed World War Z, 685 00:38:56,200 --> 00:38:59,240 Speaker 1: which I would argue still falls on the serious side. 686 00:38:59,440 --> 00:39:01,799 Speaker 1: I haven't read the novel. I saw the movie and 687 00:39:01,960 --> 00:39:05,839 Speaker 1: was not very The novel is entirely different from I've 688 00:39:05,880 --> 00:39:08,440 Speaker 1: heard that I heard. The novel was in fact and 689 00:39:08,600 --> 00:39:13,920 Speaker 1: just like completely different format. There there are tiny elements 690 00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:16,759 Speaker 1: that happened in the novel that are touched upon in 691 00:39:16,800 --> 00:39:20,800 Speaker 1: the film, but they are not at all related otherwise. 692 00:39:20,800 --> 00:39:24,000 Speaker 1: It's the novel is really more of a collection of 693 00:39:24,640 --> 00:39:29,040 Speaker 1: UH stories. It's it's told as there's a journalist, not 694 00:39:29,280 --> 00:39:32,880 Speaker 1: well journalist who's working essentially for the u N collecting 695 00:39:33,239 --> 00:39:37,280 Speaker 1: the stories from survivors. This this is post zombie outbreak, 696 00:39:37,360 --> 00:39:40,920 Speaker 1: post war with the zombies. The humans have won the war. 697 00:39:41,760 --> 00:39:46,000 Speaker 1: Zombie outbreak has been largely defeated. There's still some zombies 698 00:39:46,000 --> 00:39:47,720 Speaker 1: in the world, but they are few and far between, 699 00:39:48,239 --> 00:39:51,640 Speaker 1: and are are often you know, rounded up and killed off. 700 00:39:52,000 --> 00:39:55,239 Speaker 1: So humanity is on the rebound now, and it's more 701 00:39:55,280 --> 00:39:58,560 Speaker 1: of a discussion about what happened leading up to and 702 00:39:58,600 --> 00:40:02,080 Speaker 1: throughout this zombie war, uh whether and I. And it's 703 00:40:02,120 --> 00:40:05,239 Speaker 1: told in a way where you don't really know what 704 00:40:05,320 --> 00:40:10,320 Speaker 1: the actual precipitating event was, um, which is very realistic. 705 00:40:10,360 --> 00:40:12,560 Speaker 1: I think. You know, like, as as someone who wants 706 00:40:12,600 --> 00:40:14,000 Speaker 1: to hear a story, you kind of want to know 707 00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:16,400 Speaker 1: all the details, But if you were actually a person there, 708 00:40:16,960 --> 00:40:19,480 Speaker 1: you wouldn't necessarily have all the information available to you, 709 00:40:19,560 --> 00:40:21,359 Speaker 1: especially when you consider a lot of the people who 710 00:40:21,440 --> 00:40:23,439 Speaker 1: might have been responsible in some way or another or 711 00:40:23,719 --> 00:40:27,439 Speaker 1: had observed what happened are no longer around because they've 712 00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:31,840 Speaker 1: been turned into zombies or killed in some other way. UM. 713 00:40:32,200 --> 00:40:35,520 Speaker 1: Very powerful story though, and also very interesting to hear 714 00:40:36,160 --> 00:40:39,800 Speaker 1: kind of the the human psychology that might be involved 715 00:40:39,840 --> 00:40:42,040 Speaker 1: in something like that. Yeah. So in both of the 716 00:40:42,040 --> 00:40:45,520 Speaker 1: ones I mentioned so far, there was a pretty much 717 00:40:45,520 --> 00:40:50,759 Speaker 1: a total breakdown of of the larger function of technological society. 718 00:40:51,239 --> 00:40:53,600 Speaker 1: Though in the last of us there there, you know, 719 00:40:53,600 --> 00:40:56,399 Speaker 1: there are still people who get some power from generators 720 00:40:56,440 --> 00:40:59,879 Speaker 1: and stuff. It seems like somebody is still locating gasolines 721 00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:02,640 Speaker 1: them how But also that's one of the examples I 722 00:41:02,680 --> 00:41:04,840 Speaker 1: was mentioning. Another one would be Dawn to the Planet 723 00:41:04,840 --> 00:41:07,680 Speaker 1: of the Apes, where people are trying to get hydroelectric 724 00:41:07,760 --> 00:41:10,799 Speaker 1: plants back online, because that, as we mentioned, that does 725 00:41:10,800 --> 00:41:13,719 Speaker 1: seem like a really good vet for trying to revive 726 00:41:14,360 --> 00:41:18,080 Speaker 1: at least a local power grid in a post apocalyptic scenario. Right, 727 00:41:18,239 --> 00:41:20,840 Speaker 1: and in that world, I mean, it's only like a 728 00:41:20,880 --> 00:41:23,800 Speaker 1: tiny bit of San Francisco. I think that's still alive 729 00:41:24,840 --> 00:41:26,880 Speaker 1: or is the concentrate mean you mean? And Dawn of 730 00:41:26,960 --> 00:41:29,560 Speaker 1: the Planet of the Apes, not the last No, none, 731 00:41:29,640 --> 00:41:31,439 Speaker 1: last us, last of us. It's all spread out all 732 00:41:31,440 --> 00:41:34,720 Speaker 1: over the place. Yeah. Uh So here's another one along 733 00:41:34,760 --> 00:41:37,560 Speaker 1: a maybe sillier line. I love Dawn of the Dead. 734 00:41:37,640 --> 00:41:40,040 Speaker 1: I like the way things are progressing there. I like 735 00:41:40,160 --> 00:41:43,920 Speaker 1: watching there the scenes that depicted the breakdown of discipline 736 00:41:43,960 --> 00:41:47,359 Speaker 1: in the media, like the TV stations that are still 737 00:41:47,400 --> 00:41:50,640 Speaker 1: trying to broadcast but people are sort of losing focus. 738 00:41:50,680 --> 00:41:53,520 Speaker 1: I assume you are talking about the original Dawn, yes, 739 00:41:53,640 --> 00:41:56,120 Speaker 1: not the remake, Yes, the one that was also a 740 00:41:57,040 --> 00:42:02,120 Speaker 1: commentary on consumerism. Yeah, it's a movie, uh for for me. 741 00:42:02,320 --> 00:42:04,480 Speaker 1: One of the big ones the Fallout series of games. 742 00:42:05,320 --> 00:42:12,680 Speaker 1: Fantastic weird tone mishmash of comedic and tragic in those games, 743 00:42:12,719 --> 00:42:16,040 Speaker 1: but I think it works. Yeah, there's this this kind 744 00:42:16,080 --> 00:42:23,200 Speaker 1: of almost almost manic optimism that is being portrayed in 745 00:42:23,239 --> 00:42:26,440 Speaker 1: a lot of the stuff you come across as a 746 00:42:26,520 --> 00:42:34,080 Speaker 1: character in those games, despite the overwhelmingly awfulness of the world. Yeah, 747 00:42:34,480 --> 00:42:39,200 Speaker 1: it's it's it's the nineteen fifties style of you can 748 00:42:39,360 --> 00:42:45,719 Speaker 1: do it, but meanwhile, like everything's on fire and everyone's terrible. Yeah. Also, 749 00:42:45,800 --> 00:42:48,279 Speaker 1: another way that it it sort of has a mash 750 00:42:48,400 --> 00:42:50,960 Speaker 1: up is it's very high tech low tech mash up. 751 00:42:51,480 --> 00:42:56,240 Speaker 1: So it has you know, lasers and exoskeleton power suits 752 00:42:56,280 --> 00:43:00,480 Speaker 1: and robots, but also you know extremely you know, bow 753 00:43:00,520 --> 00:43:03,319 Speaker 1: and arrow kind of logs, and the aesthetic tends to 754 00:43:03,360 --> 00:43:06,320 Speaker 1: be the nineteen fifties style of our vision of the future, 755 00:43:06,920 --> 00:43:09,240 Speaker 1: not how things actually turned out. So it's a really 756 00:43:09,280 --> 00:43:14,120 Speaker 1: it's it's an alternate past leading to a an alternate, 757 00:43:14,440 --> 00:43:17,880 Speaker 1: bizarre future. Um, and you've got some other ones on here. 758 00:43:17,880 --> 00:43:21,080 Speaker 1: In fact, these are also some of my favorites. Well, yeah, 759 00:43:21,280 --> 00:43:23,840 Speaker 1: a couple of the Mad Max movies. Of course, you 760 00:43:24,040 --> 00:43:27,080 Speaker 1: I could not neglect Mad Max. I have to confess 761 00:43:27,480 --> 00:43:31,040 Speaker 1: I've never actually seen the first one all the way through. Yeah, 762 00:43:31,280 --> 00:43:34,520 Speaker 1: the Road Warrior is is a more entertaining film. Oh yeah, 763 00:43:34,600 --> 00:43:36,880 Speaker 1: so you start with the second one. I love The 764 00:43:36,960 --> 00:43:40,160 Speaker 1: Road Warrior. Can't get enough beyond Thunderdome. I know a 765 00:43:40,200 --> 00:43:42,040 Speaker 1: lot of people think it's bad. Maybe it is kind 766 00:43:42,040 --> 00:43:44,200 Speaker 1: of bad, but I still love it. It's it's definitely 767 00:43:44,239 --> 00:43:48,439 Speaker 1: more campy. Yeah, and then so folks, when I saw 768 00:43:48,560 --> 00:43:52,600 Speaker 1: Mad Max Fury Road, it's not necessarily that it's the 769 00:43:52,640 --> 00:43:55,960 Speaker 1: best movie I've ever seen in my life. It's that 770 00:43:56,200 --> 00:43:58,400 Speaker 1: once I walked out of the theater, it was the 771 00:43:58,480 --> 00:44:03,280 Speaker 1: only movie I had ever seen. I love that movie 772 00:44:03,520 --> 00:44:06,400 Speaker 1: so much. It just it hit all of the happy 773 00:44:06,480 --> 00:44:08,879 Speaker 1: places in my body and in my brain. It's also 774 00:44:08,960 --> 00:44:12,319 Speaker 1: funny that on forward thinking, somehow we managed to bring 775 00:44:12,360 --> 00:44:15,319 Speaker 1: it back to the doufwagon every few episodes. That was 776 00:44:15,360 --> 00:44:20,640 Speaker 1: just such an amazing, amazing reality that they created. I 777 00:44:20,680 --> 00:44:22,640 Speaker 1: think what I told Rachel when we walked out of 778 00:44:22,680 --> 00:44:25,520 Speaker 1: the theater was I feel like I could rip Australia 779 00:44:25,600 --> 00:44:28,600 Speaker 1: in half with my hands. All right, now, you've got 780 00:44:28,600 --> 00:44:32,440 Speaker 1: to tell everybody what Zardas is, because unless they are 781 00:44:32,480 --> 00:44:37,520 Speaker 1: you know a fan of B movie schlock science fiction? 782 00:44:37,560 --> 00:44:40,840 Speaker 1: They probably have no clue. Well, Zardas actually touches on 783 00:44:40,920 --> 00:44:44,160 Speaker 1: something kind of interesting, despite the fact that it's a 784 00:44:44,320 --> 00:44:50,160 Speaker 1: very weird and very intensely bad movie. Yeah. So, it's 785 00:44:50,160 --> 00:44:54,480 Speaker 1: got Sean Connery wearing this like red diaper and carrying 786 00:44:54,480 --> 00:44:56,960 Speaker 1: a gun, and he plays some kind of I don't know, 787 00:44:57,120 --> 00:45:03,440 Speaker 1: future post apocalyptic wasteland policeman who mostly just murders people 788 00:45:03,560 --> 00:45:05,600 Speaker 1: from what you can tell, and then he gets sucked 789 00:45:05,600 --> 00:45:09,240 Speaker 1: into a giant head that's actually a spaceship and taken 790 00:45:09,280 --> 00:45:13,720 Speaker 1: to a strange sort of commune of immortal psychic people. 791 00:45:14,360 --> 00:45:17,319 Speaker 1: It's very hard to describe the plot of Zardas, but 792 00:45:17,400 --> 00:45:20,440 Speaker 1: done a pretty good job considering it's one of the 793 00:45:20,520 --> 00:45:23,080 Speaker 1: weirdest movies I've ever seen, and for that reason it's 794 00:45:23,120 --> 00:45:25,759 Speaker 1: actually worth seeing despite the fact that it is. It 795 00:45:25,880 --> 00:45:28,880 Speaker 1: utterly fails to be good, but it is never for 796 00:45:28,920 --> 00:45:33,840 Speaker 1: a second boring. Yeah. Anyway, but I mentioned that it 797 00:45:33,880 --> 00:45:37,960 Speaker 1: touches on something interesting. It actually does the idea that 798 00:45:38,360 --> 00:45:43,480 Speaker 1: past technologies, through a sort of like dark age imposed 799 00:45:43,600 --> 00:45:46,240 Speaker 1: by I don't know, catastrophe of one kind or another, 800 00:45:46,760 --> 00:45:50,480 Speaker 1: could be rediscovered. But we wouldn't remember how to use 801 00:45:50,560 --> 00:45:54,040 Speaker 1: them or how to maintain them. I mean, it's possible 802 00:45:54,120 --> 00:45:57,000 Speaker 1: for dark ages to happen and then to re emerge 803 00:45:57,040 --> 00:46:00,040 Speaker 1: from them and to rediscover all of the signed a 804 00:46:00,080 --> 00:46:03,920 Speaker 1: bigan technological sophistication of an earlier age that that's actually 805 00:46:04,000 --> 00:46:06,640 Speaker 1: happened on Earth at times. You know, you had the 806 00:46:06,680 --> 00:46:10,359 Speaker 1: Bronze Age collapse, you had the you had what are 807 00:46:10,400 --> 00:46:12,520 Speaker 1: sometimes called the Dark Ages in Europe. Now a lot 808 00:46:12,560 --> 00:46:14,839 Speaker 1: of historians look back and say, well, that's maybe not 809 00:46:14,880 --> 00:46:18,040 Speaker 1: the most accurate way to describe that age in Europe, 810 00:46:18,080 --> 00:46:21,080 Speaker 1: But at least then you had times when a lot 811 00:46:21,080 --> 00:46:24,719 Speaker 1: of the technological progress that had been achieved during say 812 00:46:24,760 --> 00:46:27,359 Speaker 1: the Roman Empire, suddenly people didn't know how to do 813 00:46:27,440 --> 00:46:30,880 Speaker 1: this stuff anymore. Yeah, not until the Renaissance, where they 814 00:46:31,040 --> 00:46:35,640 Speaker 1: began to rediscover and build upon those those advances from 815 00:46:35,800 --> 00:46:38,440 Speaker 1: ancient times. Yeah. So Zardas kind of touches on that. 816 00:46:38,480 --> 00:46:40,840 Speaker 1: It's got all these people who are in some ways 817 00:46:40,840 --> 00:46:44,480 Speaker 1: sort of interacting with high technology, but they don't understand it. 818 00:46:44,840 --> 00:46:48,000 Speaker 1: So I recommend if you've never seen Zardas, you don't 819 00:46:48,000 --> 00:46:51,520 Speaker 1: need to seize artas necessarily, but definitely seek out the trailer, 820 00:46:51,600 --> 00:46:55,759 Speaker 1: which is on YouTube and is amazing. Yeah, especially if 821 00:46:55,760 --> 00:46:58,000 Speaker 1: you love the names Zardas, because you're gonna hear that 822 00:46:58,040 --> 00:47:00,400 Speaker 1: a lot. Yeah, you're gonna hear Sean Connery say it 823 00:47:00,480 --> 00:47:04,479 Speaker 1: in his accent over and over. And then the last 824 00:47:04,480 --> 00:47:08,480 Speaker 1: one you have on here, Robot Monster. Well, this really 825 00:47:08,520 --> 00:47:12,000 Speaker 1: belonging post apocalyptic? Yes it does, because the premise of 826 00:47:12,080 --> 00:47:15,799 Speaker 1: Robot Monster is that this race of aliens who uh. 827 00:47:16,719 --> 00:47:20,080 Speaker 1: The main one we meet is the robot monster named Roman, 828 00:47:20,320 --> 00:47:23,799 Speaker 1: I believe, and he is a guy in some kind 829 00:47:23,840 --> 00:47:26,680 Speaker 1: of ape suit. It's like a guerrilla suit with a 830 00:47:27,200 --> 00:47:31,160 Speaker 1: like a gumball machine on his head and that's his costume, 831 00:47:31,880 --> 00:47:35,359 Speaker 1: and he represents this species of aliens who I think 832 00:47:35,400 --> 00:47:37,840 Speaker 1: comes and conquers Earth. I don't remember all the details, 833 00:47:37,840 --> 00:47:40,760 Speaker 1: but suddenly they're just like five people left on Earth. 834 00:47:40,840 --> 00:47:45,080 Speaker 1: But Roman has an extremely difficult time conquering these five 835 00:47:45,120 --> 00:47:48,319 Speaker 1: people who seem to be about a mile away from him. Yeah, 836 00:47:48,400 --> 00:47:51,320 Speaker 1: I uh, I think of that as a movie where 837 00:47:51,360 --> 00:47:53,480 Speaker 1: the audience feels as if they've been through a post 838 00:47:53,520 --> 00:47:58,480 Speaker 1: apocalyptic event. Uh, not necessarily the film itself. Well, I 839 00:47:58,520 --> 00:48:00,520 Speaker 1: think that was on an episode of Mystery Science Theater 840 00:48:00,560 --> 00:48:03,920 Speaker 1: wouldn't it. You know, I want to say I know that, Well, 841 00:48:03,960 --> 00:48:05,799 Speaker 1: they've done so many, but I want to say that 842 00:48:05,800 --> 00:48:08,839 Speaker 1: that was one of the ones they've done. Um. They 843 00:48:08,960 --> 00:48:13,000 Speaker 1: certainly have alluded to it before. Well, Joe, thank you 844 00:48:13,040 --> 00:48:15,439 Speaker 1: so much for coming on here and doing these these 845 00:48:15,560 --> 00:48:19,719 Speaker 1: pair of episodes about post apocalyptic technology, and well, thank 846 00:48:19,719 --> 00:48:22,600 Speaker 1: you for inviting me. It has been a whole barrel 847 00:48:22,680 --> 00:48:25,239 Speaker 1: of fun. Yeah. I enjoyed pulling that tune out of 848 00:48:25,239 --> 00:48:28,080 Speaker 1: the basket. It also, like, like I said, with the 849 00:48:28,120 --> 00:48:30,759 Speaker 1: Manhattan Project episodes with Ben, I was like, it's kind 850 00:48:30,760 --> 00:48:32,440 Speaker 1: of like, you know, the stuff they don't want you 851 00:48:32,480 --> 00:48:35,080 Speaker 1: to know is I think of that as the other 852 00:48:35,120 --> 00:48:38,319 Speaker 1: side of the coin of forward thinking, Like that's those 853 00:48:38,360 --> 00:48:41,520 Speaker 1: are two. Forward thinking is the big optimistic side typically 854 00:48:41,840 --> 00:48:43,440 Speaker 1: and stuff they don't want you to know is like 855 00:48:43,480 --> 00:48:48,959 Speaker 1: the dark cynical side stuff. Yeah, And in a way, 856 00:48:49,000 --> 00:48:51,160 Speaker 1: this is also kind of like the other side of 857 00:48:51,160 --> 00:48:53,400 Speaker 1: the forward thinking coin. It's very different from the stuff 858 00:48:53,440 --> 00:48:56,240 Speaker 1: we do over it forward thinking. We wouldn't normally explore 859 00:48:56,280 --> 00:48:58,640 Speaker 1: this kind of topic over there, but it was fun 860 00:48:58,680 --> 00:49:00,560 Speaker 1: to be able to explore it here on X Stuff 861 00:49:01,040 --> 00:49:03,799 Speaker 1: UM and and talk about some of our favorite post 862 00:49:03,840 --> 00:49:07,600 Speaker 1: apocalyptic stories as well as the actual things that we 863 00:49:07,640 --> 00:49:11,600 Speaker 1: would expect in those kind of scenarios. I hope that largely, 864 00:49:11,680 --> 00:49:13,799 Speaker 1: I really I hope that does one of two things. One, 865 00:49:13,840 --> 00:49:17,120 Speaker 1: it convinces people that, yeah, it's important for us to 866 00:49:17,200 --> 00:49:21,080 Speaker 1: think about ways to make our various infrastructures more robust, 867 00:49:21,960 --> 00:49:25,000 Speaker 1: so that in the case of something catastrophic happening, we 868 00:49:25,000 --> 00:49:27,600 Speaker 1: can localize it. We can we can separate it from 869 00:49:27,640 --> 00:49:30,120 Speaker 1: everything else, and we can deal with it so that 870 00:49:30,120 --> 00:49:33,640 Speaker 1: it doesn't become a wider problem. And too that it 871 00:49:33,640 --> 00:49:36,360 Speaker 1: alerts them that there are things that we as citizens 872 00:49:36,400 --> 00:49:40,040 Speaker 1: can do to protect ourselves so that you know, if 873 00:49:40,120 --> 00:49:42,720 Speaker 1: something like this happens, or when something like this happens, 874 00:49:42,719 --> 00:49:46,279 Speaker 1: if you're looking at along the time scale, we get 875 00:49:46,280 --> 00:49:50,880 Speaker 1: through it with the minimum amount of problems, knowing that 876 00:49:50,920 --> 00:49:53,279 Speaker 1: you know, it's not going to be necessarily fun or 877 00:49:53,360 --> 00:49:56,719 Speaker 1: easy easy to get through it, but there are things 878 00:49:56,800 --> 00:50:01,279 Speaker 1: we can do that will make it less traumatic. And 879 00:50:01,400 --> 00:50:04,319 Speaker 1: that was tech in the Post Apocalyptic World Part two. 880 00:50:04,800 --> 00:50:07,400 Speaker 1: Big thanks to Joe McCormick once again for joining us 881 00:50:07,440 --> 00:50:11,640 Speaker 1: on that episode. He's still doing incredible work over at 882 00:50:11,680 --> 00:50:14,680 Speaker 1: stuff to blow your mind. He's a great guy. Hope 883 00:50:14,719 --> 00:50:17,600 Speaker 1: him he's doing really well. I'll try and get him 884 00:50:17,600 --> 00:50:19,359 Speaker 1: on the show again because it's been a while since 885 00:50:19,360 --> 00:50:21,840 Speaker 1: he's been on tech Stuff. If you have suggestions for 886 00:50:21,920 --> 00:50:24,320 Speaker 1: topics I should cover in future episodes of tech Stuff, 887 00:50:24,360 --> 00:50:26,319 Speaker 1: please reach out to me. The best way to get 888 00:50:26,440 --> 00:50:29,120 Speaker 1: in touch with me is to use Twitter and the 889 00:50:29,200 --> 00:50:32,160 Speaker 1: handle so that you're not just you know, tweeting out 890 00:50:32,200 --> 00:50:36,640 Speaker 1: into the void is text stuff hs W and I'll 891 00:50:36,640 --> 00:50:45,600 Speaker 1: talk to you again really soon. Text Stuff is an 892 00:50:45,600 --> 00:50:49,280 Speaker 1: I Heart Radio production. For more podcasts from my Heart Radio, 893 00:50:49,640 --> 00:50:52,800 Speaker 1: visit the i Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever 894 00:50:52,880 --> 00:50:54,400 Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows.