WEBVTT - Ep 32 Ask the Erins

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<v Speaker 1>Hi.

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<v Speaker 2>Hi, I'm Aaron Welsh and I'm Aaron Olman Updyke.

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<v Speaker 3>And this is this podcast will kill.

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<v Speaker 2>You ask us things.

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<v Speaker 3>Yes, we have a very special edition this week. We

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<v Speaker 3>a couple of weeks ago, or a few episodes ago, anyway,

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<v Speaker 3>it's like a while ago. Now, a while ago. We

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<v Speaker 3>asked you all to send us your questions about anything

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<v Speaker 3>and everything, and wow, did you do that? It was

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<v Speaker 3>it was incredible. We got hundreds of questions. Excellent questions

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<v Speaker 3>they were. It was super fun to read through. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 3>it's gonna be it's gonna be great.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm excited.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah. Unfortunately we won't be able to answer all. However,

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<v Speaker 3>many hundreds of questions we got. Not but yeah today anyway,

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<v Speaker 3>but we have selected sort of a variety, yes, a

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<v Speaker 3>little buffet of different options.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, we tried to like mix it up, throwing them

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<v Speaker 2>at you in a random ish shorder.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, we're gonna see how this goes. I think I

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<v Speaker 3>think I'm a little nervous about it. Me too, I'm

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<v Speaker 3>really sure. Okay, well, uh yeah, to calm our nerves.

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<v Speaker 3>Just kidding, terrible idea to do that. We are starting

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<v Speaker 3>with our quarantine and plussy burta this week. So, Aaron,

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<v Speaker 3>what are you drinking?

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<v Speaker 2>I'm drinking, Oh, passion fruit La Croix. That not a mad,

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<v Speaker 2>This is.

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<v Speaker 3>Not a mad.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh, I should say generic passion fruit flavored sparkling water.

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<v Speaker 3>There we go, and I am drinking cloudberry sayson Ooh

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<v Speaker 3>that sounds really tasty. It's really tasty. We didn't plan

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<v Speaker 3>a specific quarantini this week because we wanted to just

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<v Speaker 3>sort of go with the flow.

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<v Speaker 2>And yeah, so pull up your favorite bev yeah and

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<v Speaker 2>drink that while you listen.

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<v Speaker 3>Is your favorite bev A? I mean generic sparkling water passion.

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<v Speaker 2>Fruit flag These days, it's like the most exciting beverage

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<v Speaker 2>that I drink.

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<v Speaker 3>So well, okay, but you know it's.

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<v Speaker 2>A it's a good choice. I would say, if you're

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<v Speaker 2>on the Plassy Burta train. Yeah, there we go, There

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<v Speaker 2>we go. Oh okay, okay, So should we uh?

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<v Speaker 3>Should we jump in? I think so? I don't.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't think we ever have any real business to cover,

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<v Speaker 2>do we?

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<v Speaker 3>No, we never do, we never do. I think that's okay,

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<v Speaker 3>and I think that's great.

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<v Speaker 2>So let's jump in with our first question. Okay, speaking

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<v Speaker 2>of quarantinies.

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<v Speaker 3>So our first question comes from Paisley, who asked how

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<v Speaker 3>do you come up with quarantinies and what essential liquors

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<v Speaker 3>or liqueurs would you recommend for a budget mixologist? Such

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<v Speaker 3>a fun question, and we also got a related question

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<v Speaker 3>which we will answer probably in this immediately after this,

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<v Speaker 3>whether whether either of us were ever bartenders.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, ooh, so how do we come up with our quarantinies?

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<v Speaker 2>That's kind of a kind of a pretty random process.

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<v Speaker 3>Usually, oh my gosh. Usually sometimes there's a guiding force,

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<v Speaker 3>like with Burning Love, which was the one for our

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<v Speaker 3>gonerhea episode, we knew that we wanted to have something

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<v Speaker 3>that was like burning right or hot or spicy, something spicy, yeah,

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<v Speaker 3>and then we kind of just went from there. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 3>I think it.

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<v Speaker 2>Sometimes we come up with the name first, and then

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<v Speaker 2>the name sort of guides us, like what types of

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<v Speaker 2>liquors should there be in a drink of this name?

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<v Speaker 2>But a lot of times we're just like, what liquor

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<v Speaker 2>do we think matches with gonorrhea?

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah? Or what do I not need to go to

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<v Speaker 3>the store to get that too?

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<v Speaker 2>That's very real.

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<v Speaker 3>Out of sheer laziness, what do I have in my pantry?

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<v Speaker 3>Which is then given birth to a lot of these

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<v Speaker 3>simple syrups that we've incorporated, which is fun.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, simple syrups we've learned are a great way to

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<v Speaker 2>add more flavor and pizzazz to your drinks without having

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<v Speaker 2>to spend a bunch of money on these fancy liqueurs

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<v Speaker 2>that you would use like one time.

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<v Speaker 3>Right, And so that kind of goes into that second

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<v Speaker 3>question is what lick or the cores would we recommend

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<v Speaker 3>for someone who's wanting to stay on a budget, because

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<v Speaker 3>talk about an expensive hobby and also unhealthy.

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<v Speaker 2>Very expensive and unhealthy hobby.

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<v Speaker 3>I would say I think that we looked into this once.

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<v Speaker 3>There was like a bartender Bible that I got from

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<v Speaker 3>the library, and it's like, uh, definitely bitters, bitters for sure.

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<v Speaker 3>Essential a whiskey of some kind, like a mild whiskey

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<v Speaker 3>probably would be the best. And uh, I feel like

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<v Speaker 3>sweet remouth was on there.

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<v Speaker 2>I think a sweet vermouth was on there. And I

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<v Speaker 2>think I think you have to have tequila on your barcart.

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<v Speaker 2>Maybe that's a personal opinion.

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<v Speaker 3>Okay, So let's say let's say that I moved to

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<v Speaker 3>Finland and I went to for instance, just a random

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<v Speaker 3>example throwing it out there, and I had to go

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<v Speaker 3>and stock an entire liquor cabinet. What would I get?

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<v Speaker 3>What did you get?

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<v Speaker 2>Probably vodka, whiskey.

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<v Speaker 3>I got some vodka, I got whiskey, I got gin.

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<v Speaker 3>I didn't get rum, but that's just a personal choice. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 3>I think eventually I got rum, sweet vermooth, campari bitters. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>And then as long as you have lemon juice and

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<v Speaker 2>lime juice or citrus juices that you can have on hand,

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<v Speaker 2>you can make a ton of drinks with just those items,

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<v Speaker 2>and then some kind of simple syrup.

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<v Speaker 3>So for that you just need sugar.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 3>Water. Yeah, you can do so much with the amount

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<v Speaker 3>you can do with with simple syrup and club soda.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, is amazing.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah. Yeah, fun question.

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<v Speaker 2>And neither of us have been bartenders.

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<v Speaker 3>No, we were. We did discuss. I have dated a bartender.

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<v Speaker 2>And my husband was once a bartender.

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<v Speaker 3>So I think we've had exposure to the biz. Oh

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<v Speaker 3>that's fun.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay. The next question, this is very cute. How did

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<v Speaker 2>we meet? Ask Hannah and Rachel?

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<v Speaker 3>How did we meet? Okay, so here's what I remember.

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<v Speaker 3>Tell me, I was in my office on campus, which

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<v Speaker 3>I was the only person in that office, and I

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<v Speaker 3>loved it because there was that nuclear fall sign on

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<v Speaker 3>the door, like from the actual nineteen sixties and seventies. Yeah. Uh,

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<v Speaker 3>And I was there working on a Friday and you

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<v Speaker 3>knocked on the door and said, Hi, is this are

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<v Speaker 3>you Aaron and I And then from that point I

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<v Speaker 3>was like, oh, great, there's this is the this is

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<v Speaker 3>the other Aaron that I've been promised. And I think

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<v Speaker 3>it was a couple hours from five, which was when

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<v Speaker 3>the grad student happy hour started. So I said you

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<v Speaker 3>should come and we'll hang out. And that was yeah. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 3>that was the rest is history. Pretty much. I met

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<v Speaker 3>because we were in the same lab, right, yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, so we did our PhDs in the same

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<v Speaker 2>but yeah, the very first time we met you, you

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<v Speaker 2>didn't just say, oh you should come. You said, oh,

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<v Speaker 2>there's happy hour, you're coming.

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<v Speaker 3>That sounds lucky.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, You're like, here's where it is, here's what time.

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<v Speaker 2>I'll introduce you to everybody. It was fantastic, It was great.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, and then we pretty much had like that that

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<v Speaker 3>first semester, even became almost instant best friends. We had

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<v Speaker 3>at least one dance movie marathon night. Oh yes, oh.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, in my old, very crappy apartment.

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<v Speaker 3>That was yeah, I think that's when I was still

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<v Speaker 3>living in that in that house with like fourteen other

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<v Speaker 3>people or sixteen other people.

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<v Speaker 2>That's why we did it at my apartment. Yeah's exactly why.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, you're exactly right, that's exactly right. Okay, going off

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<v Speaker 3>of the rails here. This is fun.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, okay, this is fun. Okay, I'm feeling less nervous.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, me too. Good. Oh but then here comes this question.

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<v Speaker 3>Oh gosh, so someone who is a peach decandidate in

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<v Speaker 3>medieval studies asked, what role do you see the humanities

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<v Speaker 3>and social science is playing in fields like epidemiology, medicine,

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<v Speaker 3>and other areas of scientific research.

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<v Speaker 2>Gosh, we went from like I can do this to.

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<v Speaker 3>Like have talk about that's like the full roller coaster

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<v Speaker 3>of a PhD.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's so true. This is a great question though.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, that's a great question. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>I feel like the humanities and social sciences are super

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<v Speaker 2>important in fields like medicine and science, and I think

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<v Speaker 2>they're often overlooked and not taught in schools as much.

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<v Speaker 2>And so I think that's one of the things I

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<v Speaker 2>really love about what we get to do in this

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<v Speaker 2>podcast is try and incorporate a little bit of that

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<v Speaker 2>and like humanize a lot of the biology and medicine.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I agree, and I think that lately there has

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<v Speaker 3>been more of a trend, or more of a push

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<v Speaker 3>towards integrating these seemingly disparate fields in specific social science

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<v Speaker 3>research with hardcore ecology or epidemiology. I think bridging those

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<v Speaker 3>gaps and actually having people talk to one another not

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<v Speaker 3>only can you allow for more information to be exchanged,

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<v Speaker 3>but you also have different perspectives, and that's really valuable.

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<v Speaker 3>When you ask somebody who's in social sciences or humanities,

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<v Speaker 3>what do you see as the most interesting question or

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<v Speaker 3>the challenges to do research in this area, You're going

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<v Speaker 3>to get a very different answer than you would if

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<v Speaker 3>you ask someone in medicine or epidemiology. Although the trend

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<v Speaker 3>is in that direction, I think that the world would

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<v Speaker 3>benefit greatly from even more connectivity between those fields.

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<v Speaker 2>Very well said, I agree entirely.

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<v Speaker 3>Thanks.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, here's an easier question. Multiple people wanted to know

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<v Speaker 2>Kyriana justin Meghan. They all want to know, how do

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<v Speaker 2>we record into different locations?

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<v Speaker 3>Two different locations? Hmmmm? Okay, Well, I am currently in

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<v Speaker 3>Finland and it is around ten pm and it's late,

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<v Speaker 3>but it's still very bright outside. So the joys of

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<v Speaker 3>summer legitimate joy. It's wonderful and you're in Illinois. And

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<v Speaker 3>so what we do is, this is just kind of

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<v Speaker 3>a logistical answer to this question. But we both have Skype,

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<v Speaker 3>so we're looking at each other's faces while we're doing this,

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<v Speaker 3>and we both are recording on microphones on our individual computers,

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<v Speaker 3>and then we will align the tracks in a on

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<v Speaker 3>audio editing software and then we'll go from there. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, we found that that's the way that makes it

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<v Speaker 2>sound the most, Like we get the best sound quality

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<v Speaker 2>when we each record ourselves separately and mix it together.

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<v Speaker 3>So yeah, it took a little bit of trying, but

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<v Speaker 3>I think it's yeah, it's all right.

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<v Speaker 2>It's not quite as much fun when I only see

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<v Speaker 2>your face on a computer screen, but definitely it does

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<v Speaker 2>that track me.

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<v Speaker 3>Okay. We got several questions along these lines, so I

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<v Speaker 3>don't know if I have a few of the names

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<v Speaker 3>written down, but in general, basically break down for the

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<v Speaker 3>audience what degrees we have, and then after that what

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<v Speaker 3>we currently do for our work.

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<v Speaker 2>Do you want to go first or do you want

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<v Speaker 2>me to go first?

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<v Speaker 3>You go first?

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, So I did my undergrad degrees bachelors in aquatic

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<v Speaker 2>biology and global studies, so not disease related. And then

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<v Speaker 2>I did a master's in epidemiology, and then my PhD

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<v Speaker 2>in entomology where I studied Shagas disease. And I'm working

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<v Speaker 2>on my MD. So I don't have a real job.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm still a student forever.

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<v Speaker 3>I think that that's a pretty real job you get

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<v Speaker 3>all the time.

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<v Speaker 2>It's true, it's true. So right now I'm in my

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<v Speaker 2>clinical years of my medical school degree. I've got two

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<v Speaker 2>years left. Hah, wish me luck everyone luck?

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<v Speaker 3>What about you? Oh? Okay, So it's funny. We've always

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<v Speaker 3>talked about how we're basically the same person. Yes, so

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<v Speaker 3>we do have some parallel shared history there in some way.

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<v Speaker 3>I have a bachelor's of science and biology. I have

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<v Speaker 3>a master's of science in epidemiology, and my PhD was

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<v Speaker 3>in ecology, evolution and conservation biology. And right now I

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<v Speaker 3>am a postdoctoral researcher in Finland. We're researching questions looking

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<v Speaker 3>at the role of different wildlife species in disease transmission. Awesome, yeah,

0:13:44.720 --> 0:13:45.760
<v Speaker 3>it's pretty wonderful.

0:13:46.080 --> 0:13:48.720
<v Speaker 2>Okay, the next question. I like this question.

0:13:48.840 --> 0:13:49.439
<v Speaker 3>This is fun.

0:13:50.400 --> 0:13:53.800
<v Speaker 2>Is from Micah who asked, how much do you know

0:13:53.920 --> 0:13:56.960
<v Speaker 2>about what the other Aaron is going to be talking about?

0:13:57.600 --> 0:14:00.480
<v Speaker 3>This is a great question. It's such a good question question.

0:14:01.160 --> 0:14:04.360
<v Speaker 3>We know very very little, like and we do this

0:14:04.440 --> 0:14:08.320
<v Speaker 3>on purpose. We learned I think. I think it was

0:14:08.360 --> 0:14:11.640
<v Speaker 3>when we recorded the very first episode and I was

0:14:11.679 --> 0:14:15.360
<v Speaker 3>researching it and I couldn't stop talking to you about

0:14:15.400 --> 0:14:17.840
<v Speaker 3>it before we recorded, and then we were both like,

0:14:17.880 --> 0:14:20.440
<v Speaker 3>wait a second, we need to stop talking about this

0:14:20.520 --> 0:14:24.160
<v Speaker 3>and capture this, like we should be recording. First of all,

0:14:24.520 --> 0:14:26.600
<v Speaker 3>that's like twice the amount of work if I have

0:14:26.720 --> 0:14:30.520
<v Speaker 3>to learn the biology of something on my own, I

0:14:30.720 --> 0:14:32.080
<v Speaker 3>don't want to learn the history.

0:14:32.160 --> 0:14:34.160
<v Speaker 2>That's why. That's why you do it.

0:14:35.800 --> 0:14:38.360
<v Speaker 3>And so yeah, so that's it is we do go

0:14:38.400 --> 0:14:40.360
<v Speaker 3>into a blonde and yes, there are some things, of

0:14:40.400 --> 0:14:45.120
<v Speaker 3>course that that we might know more about than others,

0:14:45.440 --> 0:14:48.600
<v Speaker 3>but there are so many other things always that that

0:14:48.680 --> 0:14:49.960
<v Speaker 3>we're each going to learn.

0:14:50.440 --> 0:14:53.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I think that's we decided to do that because

0:14:53.360 --> 0:14:57.120
<v Speaker 2>we wanted for this podcast to be conversational and relax

0:14:57.200 --> 0:14:58.760
<v Speaker 2>and I think that's one of the things that keeps

0:14:58.800 --> 0:15:01.680
<v Speaker 2>it that way, is that we get to learn what

0:15:01.760 --> 0:15:04.400
<v Speaker 2>you guys are learning at the same time, which is

0:15:04.480 --> 0:15:05.440
<v Speaker 2>really really fun.

0:15:06.160 --> 0:15:06.640
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

0:15:06.760 --> 0:15:12.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so I'm not lying when I say what some

0:15:12.040 --> 0:15:13.400
<v Speaker 2>people think I'm faking it.

0:15:14.040 --> 0:15:17.360
<v Speaker 3>I'm not dumb. We're not faking it. I'm a terrible actress.

0:15:17.400 --> 0:15:23.920
<v Speaker 3>So really, okay, okay, all right this. I am so

0:15:24.080 --> 0:15:28.000
<v Speaker 3>excited to read this email. This email was so cute

0:15:28.120 --> 0:15:32.400
<v Speaker 3>that we wanted to read it out specifically. Yeah, okay,

0:15:32.440 --> 0:15:35.800
<v Speaker 3>here we go. This email has been dictated by nine

0:15:35.880 --> 0:15:38.480
<v Speaker 3>year old Autumn with help from six year old.

0:15:38.280 --> 0:15:41.280
<v Speaker 2>Read I'm dead already, Yes, I know, I know.

0:15:42.480 --> 0:15:45.360
<v Speaker 3>Dear Eron's. Your podcast is so good. I want to

0:15:45.440 --> 0:15:48.240
<v Speaker 3>listen to it every night, even if I get scared,

0:15:48.320 --> 0:15:53.880
<v Speaker 3>Like with the yellow fever episode. I like that you

0:15:53.960 --> 0:15:58.520
<v Speaker 3>tell the history and biology of dangerous pathogens. Please do

0:15:58.680 --> 0:16:03.880
<v Speaker 3>another crossover episode with indefensive plants. You're welcome, and maybe

0:16:03.920 --> 0:16:06.600
<v Speaker 3>an episode about strep throat. That would be a great idea.

0:16:06.920 --> 0:16:09.760
<v Speaker 3>Definitely on our list. I want to know if you

0:16:09.880 --> 0:16:12.840
<v Speaker 3>go to your local library to find information, because my

0:16:12.920 --> 0:16:17.800
<v Speaker 3>mom is a teacher of librarians and we love the library. Yes,

0:16:18.040 --> 0:16:22.520
<v Speaker 3>I love to go to my local library. The library

0:16:22.640 --> 0:16:26.640
<v Speaker 3>is my happy place. Like am I'm not lying that

0:16:26.680 --> 0:16:29.960
<v Speaker 3>one of my favorite memories of during my PhD in

0:16:30.040 --> 0:16:32.680
<v Speaker 3>Illinois is when it would snow in the winter on

0:16:32.760 --> 0:16:35.160
<v Speaker 3>a weekend and I would wake up and the ground

0:16:35.240 --> 0:16:37.200
<v Speaker 3>everywhere would be covered with fresh snow, and I would

0:16:37.240 --> 0:16:39.560
<v Speaker 3>put on my boots and grab my jacket and walk

0:16:40.000 --> 0:16:43.520
<v Speaker 3>however long it was, to the library and just grab

0:16:43.560 --> 0:16:46.840
<v Speaker 3>a book and start reading and just sit there for hours.

0:16:47.640 --> 0:16:50.080
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, we love libraries. They're fantastic libraries.

0:16:50.240 --> 0:16:54.400
<v Speaker 3>Okay, but there's more here, and there's more. How old

0:16:54.440 --> 0:16:57.160
<v Speaker 3>are you? This is from Reid, who's the six year old?

0:16:57.640 --> 0:17:00.000
<v Speaker 3>And also what were you like when you were not?

0:17:01.080 --> 0:17:04.600
<v Speaker 2>So I can say how we can say how old

0:17:04.640 --> 0:17:08.600
<v Speaker 2>we are? Right, that's fine. Sure, I'm thirty one now

0:17:09.080 --> 0:17:10.040
<v Speaker 2>just turned.

0:17:10.200 --> 0:17:11.000
<v Speaker 3>I'm thirty two.

0:17:11.520 --> 0:17:15.320
<v Speaker 2>Oh and what were we like when we were nine?

0:17:16.880 --> 0:17:17.919
<v Speaker 2>I was very nerdy?

0:17:19.080 --> 0:17:19.919
<v Speaker 3>Tell me more about that.

0:17:20.480 --> 0:17:23.080
<v Speaker 2>Well, okay, so when I was nine, I think was

0:17:23.119 --> 0:17:27.119
<v Speaker 2>when we moved from San Diego to Irvine, and so

0:17:27.240 --> 0:17:29.720
<v Speaker 2>I didn't have a lot of friends obviously, like I

0:17:29.800 --> 0:17:31.879
<v Speaker 2>moved to a brand new school and stuff like that.

0:17:32.640 --> 0:17:34.240
<v Speaker 3>And one of my mom's.

0:17:33.880 --> 0:17:37.600
<v Speaker 2>Favorite stories to tell about me when I was nine

0:17:38.200 --> 0:17:42.160
<v Speaker 2>and a budding hufflepuff is that my mom was asking

0:17:42.200 --> 0:17:44.800
<v Speaker 2>the teacher like, oh, how is Aaron doing? You know,

0:17:44.920 --> 0:17:45.639
<v Speaker 2>is she settling it?

0:17:45.720 --> 0:17:46.080
<v Speaker 3>Okay?

0:17:46.480 --> 0:17:51.040
<v Speaker 2>And the teacher was like, yeah, you know. About a

0:17:51.080 --> 0:17:54.439
<v Speaker 2>week after she started, we had uh, what do you

0:17:54.440 --> 0:17:58.359
<v Speaker 2>call it? Student council elections, and Aaron decided to run.

0:18:00.560 --> 0:18:00.800
<v Speaker 1>Wow.

0:18:00.880 --> 0:18:05.240
<v Speaker 2>I am not surprised I lost to you guys, but

0:18:05.359 --> 0:18:07.000
<v Speaker 2>I was like, yeah, sure, that sounds cool.

0:18:07.000 --> 0:18:08.159
<v Speaker 3>I would do student council.

0:18:08.240 --> 0:18:10.320
<v Speaker 2>I'll run for That's the kind of kid I was

0:18:10.359 --> 0:18:14.199
<v Speaker 2>when I was nine, just like no concept of the

0:18:14.240 --> 0:18:16.720
<v Speaker 2>fact that I had no friends at this new school.

0:18:17.280 --> 0:18:19.960
<v Speaker 3>What did you do after school? What kind of what

0:18:20.040 --> 0:18:20.959
<v Speaker 3>kind of things did you do?

0:18:21.960 --> 0:18:24.359
<v Speaker 2>I don't know. I have such a bad memory. I

0:18:24.359 --> 0:18:26.679
<v Speaker 2>can't remember. I made a good friend as soon as

0:18:26.720 --> 0:18:29.600
<v Speaker 2>we moved there, Darren shout out. So I probably just

0:18:29.680 --> 0:18:31.400
<v Speaker 2>hung out with her and her sister all the time,

0:18:32.240 --> 0:18:37.480
<v Speaker 2>did whatever they wanted to do. What were you like

0:18:37.520 --> 0:18:39.440
<v Speaker 2>when you were nine? Would we have been friends?

0:18:39.840 --> 0:18:43.240
<v Speaker 3>Yes, yeah, we would have been friends of course. Also,

0:18:43.280 --> 0:18:45.239
<v Speaker 3>it's really funny, I didn't know that that's when you

0:18:45.320 --> 0:18:48.840
<v Speaker 3>moved from San Diego to irvine' that's around when I

0:18:48.920 --> 0:18:50.639
<v Speaker 3>moved from Florida to Kentucky.

0:18:50.880 --> 0:18:54.120
<v Speaker 2>Oh okay, you're like nine, and fourth grade. Right, that's

0:18:54.119 --> 0:18:54.679
<v Speaker 2>about right.

0:18:55.000 --> 0:18:57.240
<v Speaker 3>That was right before fourth grade. I started fourth grade

0:18:57.280 --> 0:18:59.280
<v Speaker 3>and in Kentucky we.

0:18:59.200 --> 0:19:01.359
<v Speaker 2>Moved in the middle of the fourth grade year.

0:19:01.760 --> 0:19:06.320
<v Speaker 3>Oh wow, we are we are even more the same

0:19:06.359 --> 0:19:11.880
<v Speaker 3>person than previously realized. How fun. Let's see though, when

0:19:11.920 --> 0:19:15.920
<v Speaker 3>I was nine, I was I mean, I was reading

0:19:15.960 --> 0:19:20.200
<v Speaker 3>all the time. That was actually when I first really,

0:19:20.240 --> 0:19:23.159
<v Speaker 3>I think, fell in love with reading books, like reading

0:19:23.160 --> 0:19:27.440
<v Speaker 3>fiction books. My fourth grade teacher gave me, Missus Larson

0:19:27.520 --> 0:19:31.600
<v Speaker 3>gave me Animorphs and The Hobbit and both of that.

0:19:31.840 --> 0:19:37.240
<v Speaker 3>So it's already shaping shaping my very very nerdy personality.

0:19:38.000 --> 0:19:40.560
<v Speaker 3>And that's when I was like, wow, you can really

0:19:41.240 --> 0:19:44.000
<v Speaker 3>there's a whole world that you can just lose yourself in,

0:19:45.320 --> 0:19:48.520
<v Speaker 3>and it was really wonderful. I spent a lot of

0:19:48.560 --> 0:19:52.159
<v Speaker 3>time outside. I was always running through the woods, running

0:19:52.240 --> 0:19:56.240
<v Speaker 3>at playing soccer constantly. We built like a I remember

0:19:56.280 --> 0:19:59.359
<v Speaker 3>that year we built a haunted trail in the woods

0:19:59.359 --> 0:20:04.280
<v Speaker 3>of Kentucky. It was moving from Florida to Kentucky. Wasn't

0:20:04.960 --> 0:20:08.120
<v Speaker 3>that traumatic for me? I think I was excited because

0:20:08.640 --> 0:20:14.120
<v Speaker 3>my favorite summer holidays we would go to western North

0:20:14.119 --> 0:20:16.560
<v Speaker 3>Carolina and the Smokies and I would just spend the

0:20:16.600 --> 0:20:19.600
<v Speaker 3>whole time playing in creeks and catching fireflies and running

0:20:19.600 --> 0:20:23.359
<v Speaker 3>around and so to be in Kentucky and hookwork and

0:20:23.440 --> 0:20:26.320
<v Speaker 3>so to be in Kentucky and get to be outside

0:20:26.359 --> 0:20:29.879
<v Speaker 3>all the time was amazing. I still remember that the

0:20:29.920 --> 0:20:32.720
<v Speaker 3>magic of like you mean that there's I can just

0:20:32.840 --> 0:20:33.640
<v Speaker 3>run around here.

0:20:34.359 --> 0:20:37.040
<v Speaker 2>Still, that's so cute, baby, Aaron.

0:20:38.160 --> 0:20:41.520
<v Speaker 3>So a nerdy, nerdy kid that just ran around outside.

0:20:41.640 --> 0:20:43.119
<v Speaker 2>I bet we would have had fun together.

0:20:43.560 --> 0:20:44.119
<v Speaker 3>Definitely.

0:20:45.280 --> 0:20:49.640
<v Speaker 2>Okay, this is the fun. Also, Autumn Read and their

0:20:49.680 --> 0:20:51.040
<v Speaker 2>mom Christy, thank you so much.

0:20:51.119 --> 0:20:53.720
<v Speaker 3>That was the cutest email. Yeah, you loved it.

0:20:55.520 --> 0:20:59.159
<v Speaker 2>The next question from jin easy peas are you a

0:20:59.240 --> 0:21:00.919
<v Speaker 2>cat or dog person?

0:21:02.480 --> 0:21:05.159
<v Speaker 3>Oh, this is a really challenge. Just kidding, I'm a

0:21:05.160 --> 0:21:05.800
<v Speaker 3>dog person.

0:21:07.760 --> 0:21:10.479
<v Speaker 2>If there was ever any doubt, Aaron Welsh is not

0:21:10.560 --> 0:21:11.359
<v Speaker 2>a cat person.

0:21:11.560 --> 0:21:14.440
<v Speaker 3>I'm formally declaring for dogs right now.

0:21:15.320 --> 0:21:19.720
<v Speaker 2>I love both cats and dogs. I don't want to

0:21:19.760 --> 0:21:22.119
<v Speaker 2>declare for one or the other because I love them both.

0:21:23.800 --> 0:21:26.200
<v Speaker 3>I can see, yeah, play on both sides. Keep it

0:21:26.240 --> 0:21:29.280
<v Speaker 3>everyone happy. That heffle puff, that's what you know.

0:21:30.440 --> 0:21:32.639
<v Speaker 2>But I was on an episode of the per Cast,

0:21:33.200 --> 0:21:35.800
<v Speaker 2>so I feel like that gives me some cat person

0:21:35.840 --> 0:21:37.000
<v Speaker 2>cred you know what I mean?

0:21:38.080 --> 0:21:39.280
<v Speaker 3>Sure, I don't know.

0:21:39.320 --> 0:21:41.040
<v Speaker 2>I feel like it does. I thought I wasn't a

0:21:41.080 --> 0:21:43.720
<v Speaker 2>cat person enough to be on it, but I felt

0:21:43.800 --> 0:21:45.360
<v Speaker 2>very at home there, so.

0:21:47.240 --> 0:21:49.439
<v Speaker 3>I think I just I would like to say I

0:21:49.520 --> 0:21:52.560
<v Speaker 3>had a horrible experience with a cat growing up. Our

0:21:52.600 --> 0:21:56.080
<v Speaker 3>family cat was was pure evil, and I'm sure that

0:21:56.160 --> 0:21:58.520
<v Speaker 3>even people who are cat people can't acknowledge that some

0:21:58.600 --> 0:21:59.680
<v Speaker 3>cats can be pure evil.

0:22:00.160 --> 0:22:03.920
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. I have dogs too, I mean, oh, absolutely absolutely.

0:22:04.119 --> 0:22:07.160
<v Speaker 3>But I could go into all of the merits of dogs,

0:22:07.160 --> 0:22:15.400
<v Speaker 3>but I won't. I will save it for another episode. Yeah, yeah, Okay.

0:22:16.840 --> 0:22:21.240
<v Speaker 3>This question from Jenna is what is your favorite part

0:22:21.280 --> 0:22:23.800
<v Speaker 3>of making the podcast? Oh?

0:22:24.160 --> 0:22:28.840
<v Speaker 2>That's a good question. My absolute favorite part. I feel

0:22:28.840 --> 0:22:30.439
<v Speaker 2>like I have a lot of favorite parts. Do you

0:22:30.520 --> 0:22:32.800
<v Speaker 2>have one specific good answer for this?

0:22:33.760 --> 0:22:35.679
<v Speaker 3>No, I feel like I don't have a good answer

0:22:35.680 --> 0:22:36.480
<v Speaker 3>for any of these.

0:22:38.280 --> 0:22:41.520
<v Speaker 2>I feel like my favorite part that I wasn't expecting.

0:22:42.080 --> 0:22:43.399
<v Speaker 3>How about that? Sure?

0:22:44.080 --> 0:22:47.680
<v Speaker 2>Is how positive and amazing the feedback has been. I

0:22:47.760 --> 0:22:52.280
<v Speaker 2>love hearing from people that love this podcast. It's still

0:22:52.320 --> 0:22:55.720
<v Speaker 2>so overwhelming to me to think that people are voluntarily

0:22:56.320 --> 0:22:59.800
<v Speaker 2>listening to us talk and enjoying it, and then telling

0:22:59.840 --> 0:23:01.080
<v Speaker 2>them are friends about it.

0:23:01.119 --> 0:23:01.880
<v Speaker 3>That's the thing that.

0:23:01.920 --> 0:23:05.280
<v Speaker 2>Really I was telling my husband today, actually, how much

0:23:05.320 --> 0:23:07.560
<v Speaker 2>that blows my mind, Like on Twitter, to see people

0:23:07.640 --> 0:23:10.840
<v Speaker 2>recommending us to their friends the way that I recommend

0:23:11.200 --> 0:23:16.040
<v Speaker 2>podcasts that I listen to friends. That's it's really overwhelmingly exciting.

0:23:16.960 --> 0:23:19.040
<v Speaker 2>That's I think one of my favorite things. I didn't

0:23:19.080 --> 0:23:20.760
<v Speaker 2>ever expect to happen.

0:23:21.119 --> 0:23:24.600
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, it's very surreal. Like I look at those those

0:23:24.640 --> 0:23:27.400
<v Speaker 3>comments and I think, oh, that's happening to someone else,

0:23:27.800 --> 0:23:31.760
<v Speaker 3>that's not me, that's not us. No h But I

0:23:31.800 --> 0:23:33.880
<v Speaker 3>think I think one of my favorite parts of making

0:23:33.960 --> 0:23:38.879
<v Speaker 3>the podcast is recording the podcast. So there are so

0:23:38.960 --> 0:23:43.080
<v Speaker 3>many things that you love that go into exactly well,

0:23:43.119 --> 0:23:46.119
<v Speaker 3>there are so many things that go into the prep

0:23:46.200 --> 0:23:49.560
<v Speaker 3>to make the episode and then to edit it and

0:23:49.600 --> 0:23:53.200
<v Speaker 3>to you know, add music, and then to find this

0:23:53.400 --> 0:23:55.600
<v Speaker 3>the social media images that we put on there and

0:23:55.640 --> 0:23:58.600
<v Speaker 3>that all these things. But I think that it's such

0:23:58.640 --> 0:24:02.160
<v Speaker 3>a huge payoff to act actually sit down and record

0:24:02.320 --> 0:24:04.960
<v Speaker 3>and tell that story and sort of have that like

0:24:05.720 --> 0:24:08.400
<v Speaker 3>because it is like it is, we're just nerding out

0:24:08.480 --> 0:24:12.560
<v Speaker 3>over diseases, and that's true fun. It's really fun. I

0:24:12.600 --> 0:24:16.879
<v Speaker 3>can't believe that we'd like get to do this, I know. Yeah,

0:24:16.920 --> 0:24:19.240
<v Speaker 3>so all of it is amazing. Agreed.

0:24:20.440 --> 0:24:24.640
<v Speaker 2>Next question from Shannon is what is your go to

0:24:24.840 --> 0:24:26.240
<v Speaker 2>drink when you order something.

0:24:27.080 --> 0:24:29.800
<v Speaker 3>I have an immediate answer for this question. Give it

0:24:29.840 --> 0:24:32.960
<v Speaker 3>to me then, Okay, well I have two answers. One

0:24:33.119 --> 0:24:36.000
<v Speaker 3>I would say is for winter months, that would be

0:24:36.040 --> 0:24:39.800
<v Speaker 3>an old fashioned preferably made with Woodford Reserve. Once again,

0:24:39.920 --> 0:24:44.640
<v Speaker 3>not an ad, just one of my personal favorites, Rowan Creek.

0:24:44.680 --> 0:24:48.480
<v Speaker 3>There are some great bourbons out there, so but yeah,

0:24:49.080 --> 0:24:53.280
<v Speaker 3>old reliable Woodford. And then I think my other absolute

0:24:53.320 --> 0:24:57.040
<v Speaker 3>favorite is Gen and Tonic Classics.

0:24:57.760 --> 0:25:00.119
<v Speaker 2>I don't have a go to drink. I think I've

0:25:00.119 --> 0:25:02.800
<v Speaker 2>always wanted to have a go to drink, but I've

0:25:02.800 --> 0:25:06.200
<v Speaker 2>never really fallen so deeply in love with one thing

0:25:06.240 --> 0:25:08.680
<v Speaker 2>that I could just order that. I will say that

0:25:08.720 --> 0:25:12.280
<v Speaker 2>since I haven't been drinking for many months, the thing

0:25:12.320 --> 0:25:14.439
<v Speaker 2>I miss the most is tequila.

0:25:15.720 --> 0:25:20.200
<v Speaker 3>And Rose, hanging out with you at your house. When

0:25:20.680 --> 0:25:24.919
<v Speaker 3>we'd be like, let's make something, it was often a

0:25:25.000 --> 0:25:26.440
<v Speaker 3>Manhattan I.

0:25:26.359 --> 0:25:31.200
<v Speaker 2>Do love Manhattan's. I love Manhattan's, but I also am

0:25:31.280 --> 0:25:32.800
<v Speaker 2>just like those are the things I know how to

0:25:32.800 --> 0:25:34.840
<v Speaker 2>make very easily. So sometimes when I go to a bar,

0:25:34.880 --> 0:25:37.720
<v Speaker 2>I get very nervous, so I just order like a

0:25:37.760 --> 0:25:40.280
<v Speaker 2>Manhattan or an Old Fashioned because I know what that

0:25:40.440 --> 0:25:42.840
<v Speaker 2>is and I know I can order it. Because I

0:25:42.840 --> 0:25:44.960
<v Speaker 2>get nervous about looking stupid.

0:25:48.400 --> 0:25:49.520
<v Speaker 1>I don't know that.

0:25:50.240 --> 0:25:52.680
<v Speaker 2>I also love a boulevardia. I will say that.

0:25:52.760 --> 0:25:54.920
<v Speaker 3>Was a oh yeah, a fave.

0:25:55.720 --> 0:25:58.080
<v Speaker 2>Yeah yeah.

0:25:58.680 --> 0:26:00.919
<v Speaker 3>There's a whole world of drink out there.

0:26:01.840 --> 0:26:05.240
<v Speaker 2>On that note, perhaps it's time for a quick break.

0:26:05.600 --> 0:26:09.760
<v Speaker 3>Yes, go make yourself a custom quarantine.

0:26:09.000 --> 0:26:35.040
<v Speaker 2>Your favorite version, and we're back. We're back, Okay.

0:26:35.040 --> 0:26:39.960
<v Speaker 3>So I have a question from Lindsay who asked how

0:26:40.000 --> 0:26:43.080
<v Speaker 3>do you deal with people who accuse you of being

0:26:43.119 --> 0:26:46.440
<v Speaker 3>in the pocket of big farmer or whatever? And as

0:26:46.440 --> 0:26:49.320
<v Speaker 3>I was going through these questions, I also found another

0:26:49.359 --> 0:26:53.240
<v Speaker 3>one that was similar along the same vein, which is

0:26:53.400 --> 0:26:56.320
<v Speaker 3>how do you navigate a friendship with an anti vax friend.

0:26:56.880 --> 0:27:01.200
<v Speaker 3>These are very good questions and difficult ones, really difficult questions.

0:27:02.520 --> 0:27:05.240
<v Speaker 3>Do you have a good answer? Again, you asked me

0:27:05.240 --> 0:27:06.720
<v Speaker 3>if I have a good answer. Of course I don't

0:27:06.720 --> 0:27:09.840
<v Speaker 3>have a good answer. I can put together and answer,

0:27:15.920 --> 0:27:17.080
<v Speaker 3>do you have a good answer?

0:27:17.359 --> 0:27:20.840
<v Speaker 2>I don't have a good answer, except I do think

0:27:20.840 --> 0:27:24.720
<v Speaker 2>it's important to keep in mind that yelling at people

0:27:24.720 --> 0:27:31.240
<v Speaker 2>has pretty much never solved anything ever. Yeah, but it's hard,

0:27:31.280 --> 0:27:36.679
<v Speaker 2>I think to not let your own frustrations when you know,

0:27:36.720 --> 0:27:40.480
<v Speaker 2>when you have friends or family members maybe who are

0:27:40.960 --> 0:27:46.560
<v Speaker 2>being or not willing to listen to reason. Sometimes I

0:27:46.560 --> 0:27:49.239
<v Speaker 2>think it's it can be really difficult, But as much

0:27:49.280 --> 0:27:52.840
<v Speaker 2>as you can, I think trying to maintain communication can

0:27:52.880 --> 0:27:57.640
<v Speaker 2>be really helpful because maybe someday you would be able

0:27:57.640 --> 0:27:59.760
<v Speaker 2>to have a conversation with someone like that where you

0:27:59.800 --> 0:28:05.159
<v Speaker 2>can at least present your side of the information in

0:28:05.200 --> 0:28:10.000
<v Speaker 2>a way that's not judgmental, and then maybe someday they

0:28:10.080 --> 0:28:11.000
<v Speaker 2>might listen.

0:28:12.200 --> 0:28:15.560
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, it's hard, I mean I think I think it's

0:28:15.960 --> 0:28:20.320
<v Speaker 3>it's especially hard because you have to make this judgment

0:28:20.440 --> 0:28:23.879
<v Speaker 3>call of whether the energy that you're putting into this,

0:28:24.200 --> 0:28:27.800
<v Speaker 3>both both emotional energy and the just the time and

0:28:27.920 --> 0:28:31.160
<v Speaker 3>effort into talking to this person and trying to convince

0:28:31.240 --> 0:28:33.680
<v Speaker 3>them that you're not in the pocket of big pharma,

0:28:33.840 --> 0:28:38.520
<v Speaker 3>or that vaccines truly work and are safe. It's some

0:28:38.680 --> 0:28:43.160
<v Speaker 3>people are more vaccine hesitant than they are anti vacs,

0:28:43.720 --> 0:28:48.240
<v Speaker 3>for instance. Yeah, and so identifying those people and maintaining

0:28:48.280 --> 0:28:50.240
<v Speaker 3>this space where you can talk about it in a

0:28:50.280 --> 0:28:54.880
<v Speaker 3>way that's like comfort, like comforting or comfortable. That's that's

0:28:55.000 --> 0:28:58.720
<v Speaker 3>really important. And maybe sometimes they just want someone to

0:28:59.600 --> 0:29:02.760
<v Speaker 3>listen to what they have to say and say like

0:29:02.880 --> 0:29:06.320
<v Speaker 3>are my concerns valid? And sometimes like yeah, maybe, like

0:29:06.400 --> 0:29:10.280
<v Speaker 3>of course you're concerned for your child, you're concerned about whatever.

0:29:11.000 --> 0:29:16.280
<v Speaker 3>But sometimes they're looking for validation, and if you don't

0:29:16.320 --> 0:29:21.000
<v Speaker 3>provide that, that can be difficult to talk with them.

0:29:21.240 --> 0:29:25.520
<v Speaker 3>You know. I think that everyone has a duty I

0:29:25.600 --> 0:29:31.840
<v Speaker 3>feel to at least try. Yeah. Once then it becomes

0:29:31.880 --> 0:29:34.640
<v Speaker 3>more of a judgment call of is this actually making

0:29:34.680 --> 0:29:37.719
<v Speaker 3>any progress? And I think that this is a bigger

0:29:37.760 --> 0:29:41.840
<v Speaker 3>picture thing that I'm about to say. But in this

0:29:42.160 --> 0:29:45.760
<v Speaker 3>political climate where we tend to make our own bubbles,

0:29:46.600 --> 0:29:50.880
<v Speaker 3>that's that isolation there, that complete lack of connect between

0:29:51.400 --> 0:29:56.280
<v Speaker 3>one group and another group. That is not necessarily progress.

0:29:56.560 --> 0:29:59.080
<v Speaker 3>I don't know how progress is going to be made,

0:29:59.520 --> 0:30:04.160
<v Speaker 3>but I like maintaining that bubble or that echo chamber

0:30:04.280 --> 0:30:05.120
<v Speaker 3>isn't the way.

0:30:05.840 --> 0:30:07.720
<v Speaker 2>You know, a piece of advice I heard, So this

0:30:07.840 --> 0:30:10.080
<v Speaker 2>is not my advice, but I thought that this was

0:30:10.120 --> 0:30:12.200
<v Speaker 2>a really good piece of advice when I heard it.

0:30:12.280 --> 0:30:15.320
<v Speaker 2>Was that sometimes there might be people in your life

0:30:15.320 --> 0:30:19.160
<v Speaker 2>who are kind of distant friends or friends of friends,

0:30:19.440 --> 0:30:24.160
<v Speaker 2>or you know, distant relations or something that you know

0:30:24.440 --> 0:30:29.000
<v Speaker 2>have a stance that's maybe very very out there, and

0:30:29.440 --> 0:30:31.200
<v Speaker 2>you know that if you tried to talk to them,

0:30:31.240 --> 0:30:33.400
<v Speaker 2>they would never listen to you, because who are you

0:30:33.480 --> 0:30:36.680
<v Speaker 2>to them? You are a distant friend, or you don't

0:30:36.680 --> 0:30:40.080
<v Speaker 2>know them very well, but maybe you know someone who

0:30:40.200 --> 0:30:43.840
<v Speaker 2>knows them better. And so sometimes talking to people that

0:30:43.880 --> 0:30:47.280
<v Speaker 2>you are closer with who maybe just don't feel comfortable

0:30:47.480 --> 0:30:51.080
<v Speaker 2>talking about these issues and helping to educate them so

0:30:51.160 --> 0:30:55.760
<v Speaker 2>that they could be better intermediates between you and the

0:30:55.800 --> 0:30:58.360
<v Speaker 2>person who's farther away from you, but maybe also farther

0:30:58.480 --> 0:31:00.480
<v Speaker 2>down the spectrum of anti vas vaccine.

0:31:00.680 --> 0:31:01.480
<v Speaker 3>Does that make sense?

0:31:02.880 --> 0:31:03.160
<v Speaker 1>Yeah?

0:31:03.240 --> 0:31:06.720
<v Speaker 3>I think it's. I think it's empowering people with knowledge

0:31:06.800 --> 0:31:10.320
<v Speaker 3>and information who may not necessarily feel inclined to go

0:31:10.400 --> 0:31:13.760
<v Speaker 3>out and pass along that message. Maybe.

0:31:13.840 --> 0:31:15.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, exactly, yeah, exactly.

0:31:16.600 --> 0:31:17.680
<v Speaker 3>Yeah. All right.

0:31:17.760 --> 0:31:22.000
<v Speaker 2>Well, the next question is a fun one. Are humans

0:31:22.080 --> 0:31:25.400
<v Speaker 2>reservoir hosts for any diseases that infect animals?

0:31:25.560 --> 0:31:32.920
<v Speaker 3>It's questions from gen and yes, humans are. Yeah.

0:31:33.240 --> 0:31:36.400
<v Speaker 2>I think we talk more often about diseases that spill

0:31:36.440 --> 0:31:40.320
<v Speaker 2>over from animals into humans, right, Zoonotic diseases, But there

0:31:40.320 --> 0:31:44.080
<v Speaker 2>are a number of different diseases that humans are sort

0:31:44.080 --> 0:31:46.680
<v Speaker 2>of the more definitive hosts that we can also give

0:31:46.920 --> 0:31:50.280
<v Speaker 2>to animals. Things like tuberculosis you can.

0:31:50.120 --> 0:31:51.160
<v Speaker 3>Spread both ways.

0:31:51.720 --> 0:31:52.000
<v Speaker 1>Yep.

0:31:52.680 --> 0:31:56.280
<v Speaker 2>Even influenza you can give to your dog. We see

0:31:56.280 --> 0:31:58.600
<v Speaker 2>that going back and forth between a lot of different animals.

0:31:59.320 --> 0:32:02.000
<v Speaker 2>There's a lot of other ones. This is the only

0:32:02.080 --> 0:32:05.120
<v Speaker 2>question where I looked up to be able to have

0:32:05.160 --> 0:32:07.600
<v Speaker 2>an answer for, because I liked the question, but I

0:32:07.640 --> 0:32:10.080
<v Speaker 2>was like, oh, I can't name a bunch of diseases

0:32:10.640 --> 0:32:16.880
<v Speaker 2>off the top of my head. Mumps, salmonella, these are fun. Girardia,

0:32:17.040 --> 0:32:21.040
<v Speaker 2>Oh my gosh, gerard Yeah that makes sense. Paras, Yeah,

0:32:21.160 --> 0:32:22.560
<v Speaker 2>it goes both ways.

0:32:25.160 --> 0:32:28.720
<v Speaker 3>Probably the list is probably a lot shorter for a

0:32:28.760 --> 0:32:33.880
<v Speaker 3>couple of reasons. One is because humans will interact with

0:32:34.000 --> 0:32:36.720
<v Speaker 3>all different kinds of animals, Like a high number of

0:32:36.800 --> 0:32:39.719
<v Speaker 3>humans will interact with many different kinds of animals in

0:32:39.800 --> 0:32:43.560
<v Speaker 3>ways that might make exposure more likely, like such as

0:32:43.640 --> 0:32:47.440
<v Speaker 3>slaughtering an animal. You know. But I think that the

0:32:47.520 --> 0:32:50.880
<v Speaker 3>number the proportion of animals that will interact with humans

0:32:50.920 --> 0:32:54.520
<v Speaker 3>of a particular species is a lot lower, And so

0:32:54.600 --> 0:32:57.920
<v Speaker 3>that's maybe one of the reasons why that other kind

0:32:57.920 --> 0:33:00.800
<v Speaker 3>of spillover is less common. And I think in addition,

0:33:00.840 --> 0:33:04.640
<v Speaker 3>it's probably just a lack of knowledge about wildlife diseases tots.

0:33:05.000 --> 0:33:07.120
<v Speaker 2>I think that's very accurate, that it probably happens a

0:33:07.120 --> 0:33:08.640
<v Speaker 2>lot more often than we're even aware of.

0:33:09.000 --> 0:33:11.880
<v Speaker 3>Oh yeah, I'm sure that the diversity of parasites and

0:33:11.880 --> 0:33:16.120
<v Speaker 3>pathogens and animals is incredibly high that we just don't

0:33:16.400 --> 0:33:20.360
<v Speaker 3>have any idea. Yeah, so fun.

0:33:21.680 --> 0:33:23.760
<v Speaker 2>Don't cough on your dog or share poop.

0:33:23.960 --> 0:33:27.920
<v Speaker 3>Yeah. Also, don't let them lick your face when you're sick. Yeah,

0:33:28.000 --> 0:33:33.080
<v Speaker 3>you can get them sick. Yeah. Liz A asked what

0:33:33.280 --> 0:33:34.880
<v Speaker 3>did you want to be when you were little?

0:33:35.480 --> 0:33:38.880
<v Speaker 2>Oh, gosh, I wanted to be a lot of different things.

0:33:38.880 --> 0:33:41.239
<v Speaker 2>I think I definitely wanted to be a vet. I'm

0:33:41.280 --> 0:33:45.360
<v Speaker 2>pretty sure at some point I wanted to be Bill Ny,

0:33:45.360 --> 0:33:49.080
<v Speaker 2>the science guy. That was probably my number one was

0:33:49.200 --> 0:33:56.800
<v Speaker 2>long lasting. I wanted to be a teacher. I wanted Yeah,

0:33:57.120 --> 0:33:59.400
<v Speaker 2>I don't Bill Ny, the science Guid's who I wanted

0:33:59.400 --> 0:33:59.600
<v Speaker 2>to be.

0:34:00.600 --> 0:34:06.000
<v Speaker 3>Hmmm, I wanted to be a vet and then Jeff Corwin.

0:34:07.120 --> 0:34:13.399
<v Speaker 2>So we are the same person, which is slightly God,

0:34:13.480 --> 0:34:14.240
<v Speaker 2>that's funny.

0:34:14.600 --> 0:34:19.200
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, God, I love Jeff Corwin. I mean I also

0:34:19.320 --> 0:34:21.799
<v Speaker 3>loved Steve Irwin, but for some reason I loved like

0:34:21.880 --> 0:34:25.040
<v Speaker 3>Jeff Corwin is what I taped like I taped on VHS.

0:34:25.280 --> 0:34:28.040
<v Speaker 2>I feel like he's the dorkier version, so I feel

0:34:28.040 --> 0:34:30.560
<v Speaker 2>like it was just your No. I mean I loved

0:34:30.600 --> 0:34:36.680
<v Speaker 2>Jeff Crown also, but it's you know, he did have like.

0:34:37.160 --> 0:34:40.560
<v Speaker 3>The worst joke sometimes and it was just so corny,

0:34:40.600 --> 0:34:43.960
<v Speaker 3>and I loved it. I've genuinely loved it.

0:34:43.960 --> 0:34:44.879
<v Speaker 2>It's fantastic.

0:34:45.160 --> 0:34:49.080
<v Speaker 3>Oh my god. Okay.

0:34:49.080 --> 0:34:51.919
<v Speaker 2>The next question is from Amy, who asked.

0:34:51.640 --> 0:34:54.880
<v Speaker 3>How do you find your references.

0:34:56.600 --> 0:34:57.000
<v Speaker 2>Google?

0:34:58.239 --> 0:35:02.640
<v Speaker 3>Well, yes and no. Sometimes it's a lot easier than

0:35:02.680 --> 0:35:06.440
<v Speaker 3>other times. Yea, sometimes there's a book about preons, sometimes

0:35:06.480 --> 0:35:10.800
<v Speaker 3>there's a book about whatever. I go to Google scholar

0:35:11.040 --> 0:35:15.239
<v Speaker 3>and I look for certain keywords. Another resource that I

0:35:15.320 --> 0:35:18.359
<v Speaker 3>have actually used, and I will freely admit to this

0:35:19.000 --> 0:35:24.399
<v Speaker 3>is Wikipedia. The citations in the Wikipedia article. That has

0:35:24.480 --> 0:35:29.560
<v Speaker 3>been varyingly helpful depending on what I'm researching. But a

0:35:29.560 --> 0:35:32.279
<v Speaker 3>lot of it is Google, and a lot of it

0:35:32.320 --> 0:35:35.680
<v Speaker 3>is sort of having a bank of books that have

0:35:35.880 --> 0:35:39.000
<v Speaker 3>are more encyclopedic in nature, and then I just kind

0:35:39.000 --> 0:35:43.920
<v Speaker 3>of do down the rabbit hole reference tracking. Yeah.

0:35:44.600 --> 0:35:48.839
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I also start often with Wikipedia. There's no shame

0:35:48.880 --> 0:35:51.440
<v Speaker 2>in doing that. Wikipedia has a lot of great sources.

0:35:51.440 --> 0:35:53.360
<v Speaker 2>You just have to then go one step further in

0:35:53.440 --> 0:35:57.840
<v Speaker 2>finding where they found their information from. I also heavily

0:35:57.920 --> 0:36:02.360
<v Speaker 2>use the CDC and who websites and then Google scholar.

0:36:02.480 --> 0:36:04.799
<v Speaker 2>That's where I get all of my That's where I

0:36:04.800 --> 0:36:05.840
<v Speaker 2>get most of my info.

0:36:06.480 --> 0:36:07.200
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

0:36:07.440 --> 0:36:09.680
<v Speaker 2>Google Scholar, for those who might not be familiar, is

0:36:09.680 --> 0:36:13.080
<v Speaker 2>where you can find peer reviewed literature. So primary literature

0:36:13.120 --> 0:36:16.400
<v Speaker 2>sources about various pretty much every topic.

0:36:16.440 --> 0:36:20.680
<v Speaker 3>Ever, it doesn't necessarily mean that everything that's on Google scholar.

0:36:20.360 --> 0:36:23.040
<v Speaker 2>Is peer reviewed, No, it does not, but for.

0:36:23.040 --> 0:36:25.799
<v Speaker 3>Ones where you see a lot of citations, that is

0:36:25.840 --> 0:36:28.440
<v Speaker 3>more than likely going to be peer reviewed. Yeah.

0:36:28.840 --> 0:36:33.879
<v Speaker 2>So yeah, yeah, Okay, Okay, I have.

0:36:33.800 --> 0:36:39.759
<v Speaker 3>A question about antibiotics. Okay, some more specific question here

0:36:39.840 --> 0:36:44.120
<v Speaker 3>we go, all right, why so why do we need

0:36:44.160 --> 0:36:49.880
<v Speaker 3>antibiotics for infections that we've had before? Okay, before you

0:36:49.920 --> 0:36:52.480
<v Speaker 3>answer that question, because I think you'll do a better

0:36:52.560 --> 0:36:56.280
<v Speaker 3>job answering it than I will. There's there's a correction,

0:36:56.680 --> 0:37:00.360
<v Speaker 3>and so I want to quickly make this correct. And

0:37:00.360 --> 0:37:03.560
<v Speaker 3>so the person that wrote this in I really appreciate

0:37:03.600 --> 0:37:05.680
<v Speaker 3>them setting this because this was sort of a throwaway

0:37:05.680 --> 0:37:10.080
<v Speaker 3>comment that I made about positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement,

0:37:10.719 --> 0:37:16.360
<v Speaker 3>and I used it incorrectly. So here's what they said

0:37:17.120 --> 0:37:19.640
<v Speaker 3>towards the end of So this is in the first

0:37:19.719 --> 0:37:23.400
<v Speaker 3>vaccine episode. Towards the end, we were talking about Australia

0:37:23.400 --> 0:37:28.280
<v Speaker 3>and the utilization of positive reinforcement for vaccination. You guys

0:37:28.280 --> 0:37:30.880
<v Speaker 3>got that term right, but when you were talking about

0:37:30.920 --> 0:37:33.280
<v Speaker 3>how if you're not up to date on vaccinations, people

0:37:33.280 --> 0:37:36.880
<v Speaker 3>would show up. That is actually type one or positive punishment,

0:37:37.160 --> 0:37:42.120
<v Speaker 3>as opposed to negative reinforcement. So both positive and negative reinforcement,

0:37:42.160 --> 0:37:44.840
<v Speaker 3>they go on to say, will increase the likelihood of

0:37:44.880 --> 0:37:48.719
<v Speaker 3>someone engaging in a particular behavior. Positive just means presenting

0:37:48.800 --> 0:37:53.240
<v Speaker 3>something to bring about or affect a behavior. Conversely, negative

0:37:53.280 --> 0:37:56.920
<v Speaker 3>means removing something to affect a behavior. So, with regards

0:37:56.920 --> 0:38:01.160
<v Speaker 3>to vaccinations, positively reinforcing someone forgetting vaccinated, we would be

0:38:01.200 --> 0:38:04.200
<v Speaker 3>something like giving them one hundred dollars after they received

0:38:04.200 --> 0:38:08.640
<v Speaker 3>the vaccination. And an example of negatively reinforcing someone would

0:38:08.640 --> 0:38:11.560
<v Speaker 3>be if you're being super annoying to them, asking them

0:38:11.600 --> 0:38:14.640
<v Speaker 3>every minute, why aren't you getting vaccinated? And then stop

0:38:14.760 --> 0:38:18.279
<v Speaker 3>contingent upon them receiving the vaccination, So you would be

0:38:18.360 --> 0:38:23.360
<v Speaker 3>removing i e. Negatively reinforcing the annoying stimulus of bombard

0:38:23.560 --> 0:38:28.080
<v Speaker 3>of bombarding them with questions. So thank you very much

0:38:28.200 --> 0:38:31.239
<v Speaker 3>for sending that that correction. I learned a lot and

0:38:31.280 --> 0:38:35.400
<v Speaker 3>I will try very hard to incorporate that into my language,

0:38:35.520 --> 0:38:36.399
<v Speaker 3>my vocabulary.

0:38:36.760 --> 0:38:39.440
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. So, yeah, we're definitely not experts on a lot

0:38:39.480 --> 0:38:41.520
<v Speaker 2>of things, so let us know when we get things

0:38:41.560 --> 0:38:42.120
<v Speaker 2>like that wrong.

0:38:42.320 --> 0:38:45.440
<v Speaker 3>Thats great, Okay, So why do we need antibiotics for

0:38:45.520 --> 0:38:46.880
<v Speaker 3>infections that we've had before?

0:38:47.239 --> 0:38:48.759
<v Speaker 2>This is a good question and we had a couple

0:38:48.800 --> 0:38:52.480
<v Speaker 2>of similar ones too, about like what this touches on

0:38:52.520 --> 0:38:55.200
<v Speaker 2>the idea of what a strain is, what a strain

0:38:55.239 --> 0:38:59.600
<v Speaker 2>of a pathogen is. So for some pathogens, they have

0:38:59.719 --> 0:39:03.600
<v Speaker 2>a lot of variation. So even though they have a

0:39:03.600 --> 0:39:06.960
<v Speaker 2>lot of variation in the proteins on their surface that

0:39:07.000 --> 0:39:10.239
<v Speaker 2>our immune system responds to, and so even though we've

0:39:10.239 --> 0:39:12.520
<v Speaker 2>been exposed to them in the past and we've mounted

0:39:12.560 --> 0:39:17.319
<v Speaker 2>an immune response, the next time that we're exposed it's

0:39:17.360 --> 0:39:22.160
<v Speaker 2>a slightly different bacteria or in some cases, like with influenza,

0:39:22.239 --> 0:39:26.399
<v Speaker 2>a slightly different virus. So we're not completely immune. Even

0:39:26.440 --> 0:39:30.799
<v Speaker 2>though we've been exposed to say, strep pneumonia before. There

0:39:30.800 --> 0:39:35.279
<v Speaker 2>are like hundreds and hundreds of different strains different. They

0:39:35.360 --> 0:39:37.920
<v Speaker 2>just look a little bit different on the outside, so

0:39:38.080 --> 0:39:42.120
<v Speaker 2>our body doesn't recognize them precisely, which means that we're

0:39:42.680 --> 0:39:46.200
<v Speaker 2>not able to fight off the infection completely. Does that?

0:39:46.400 --> 0:39:49.280
<v Speaker 3>Is that a good answer? Makes sense to me? Oh? Good,

0:39:49.600 --> 0:39:52.040
<v Speaker 3>great job, great job.

0:39:53.120 --> 0:40:00.440
<v Speaker 2>Okay, Oh this is fun, Elin or Ellen. Perhaps I

0:40:00.520 --> 0:40:01.439
<v Speaker 2>might have pronounced it wrong.

0:40:01.520 --> 0:40:02.000
<v Speaker 3>Wants to know.

0:40:02.160 --> 0:40:06.040
<v Speaker 2>Do you prefer lab work or field work? Field work

0:40:06.840 --> 0:40:07.719
<v Speaker 2>that was easy for you?

0:40:08.040 --> 0:40:10.680
<v Speaker 3>That was easy. Field work is my lifeblood. I could

0:40:10.719 --> 0:40:15.359
<v Speaker 3>do field work and just forever and ever and ever.

0:40:15.880 --> 0:40:20.759
<v Speaker 2>I prefer neither. I'm a little bit burnt out on

0:40:20.840 --> 0:40:24.360
<v Speaker 2>research at the moment. Maybe ask me again in a

0:40:24.360 --> 0:40:26.960
<v Speaker 2>couple of years. Okay, I'm enjoying clinical work right now.

0:40:27.000 --> 0:40:28.440
<v Speaker 2>How about that during your PhD?

0:40:28.480 --> 0:40:32.239
<v Speaker 3>What did you like more? Gosh, I don't know.

0:40:33.800 --> 0:40:38.920
<v Speaker 2>I don't know, Aaron, I liked parts of the field work.

0:40:39.080 --> 0:40:41.080
<v Speaker 2>I liked I liked parts of the field work. Our

0:40:41.120 --> 0:40:43.400
<v Speaker 2>field work was it has had a lot of challenges

0:40:43.440 --> 0:40:45.279
<v Speaker 2>to it. I think I would have liked it a

0:40:45.280 --> 0:40:52.160
<v Speaker 2>lot more if I wasn't alone doing it, you had helpers. Yeah,

0:40:52.360 --> 0:40:55.200
<v Speaker 2>but you know, all of the coordination and all of

0:40:55.200 --> 0:40:57.360
<v Speaker 2>the things that go into field work are not my favorite.

0:40:58.040 --> 0:41:00.560
<v Speaker 2>But lab work can get quite tedious, and it's also

0:41:01.000 --> 0:41:04.680
<v Speaker 2>you sometimes get like automatic results, which is very exciting

0:41:04.719 --> 0:41:06.719
<v Speaker 2>because it's satisfying, like at the end of the day,

0:41:06.760 --> 0:41:08.840
<v Speaker 2>you know that you've done all of this. So I

0:41:08.880 --> 0:41:12.960
<v Speaker 2>don't know, they both. I enjoy them both in small quantities.

0:41:13.560 --> 0:41:16.399
<v Speaker 3>I think. I mean, I definitely I enjoy lab work,

0:41:16.400 --> 0:41:19.800
<v Speaker 3>and I prefer lab and field work to grant writing

0:41:19.840 --> 0:41:25.439
<v Speaker 3>for example, big time. Yeah, but leeah, lab work does

0:41:25.480 --> 0:41:27.399
<v Speaker 3>get tedious, but I also love it. She just pop

0:41:27.400 --> 0:41:30.360
<v Speaker 3>in some some earbuds and listen to some podcasts or

0:41:30.440 --> 0:41:33.960
<v Speaker 3>music or books on tape. But yeah, field work is

0:41:35.239 --> 0:41:43.200
<v Speaker 3>I could. That's where your soul is. It is it is. Okay,

0:41:43.400 --> 0:41:49.239
<v Speaker 3>So we have a question from someone who so we

0:41:49.320 --> 0:41:52.520
<v Speaker 3>asked everyone to send their question and also say whether

0:41:52.560 --> 0:41:57.279
<v Speaker 3>they cared about if their name was said on air. Yeah,

0:41:57.360 --> 0:42:01.719
<v Speaker 3>and this person said, you have my permission, and I

0:42:01.800 --> 0:42:06.759
<v Speaker 3>dare you because their name Greg, their last name is

0:42:06.840 --> 0:42:08.640
<v Speaker 3>very difficult to pronounce, and I don't know if I'm

0:42:08.640 --> 0:42:09.239
<v Speaker 3>going to touch it.

0:42:09.320 --> 0:42:12.439
<v Speaker 2>Oh, Greg, Greg got us. We're not going to touch

0:42:12.440 --> 0:42:16.960
<v Speaker 2>your last name, Greg, Yeah, but we'll read your question.

0:42:17.400 --> 0:42:20.640
<v Speaker 3>We will. Greg would love to know how someone can

0:42:20.719 --> 0:42:25.040
<v Speaker 3>still be symptomatic but no longer contagious. So how are

0:42:25.080 --> 0:42:28.799
<v Speaker 3>these guidelines established? That's a fun question. It is a

0:42:28.840 --> 0:42:29.440
<v Speaker 3>fun question.

0:42:29.800 --> 0:42:33.120
<v Speaker 2>I don't know if there's a specific way that the

0:42:33.200 --> 0:42:37.520
<v Speaker 2>guidelines are established necessarily, but it is going to vary

0:42:37.640 --> 0:42:40.879
<v Speaker 2>for every disease, and it's essentially just dependent on how

0:42:40.960 --> 0:42:46.600
<v Speaker 2>long you are shedding that virus or bacteria. So for

0:42:46.719 --> 0:42:50.880
<v Speaker 2>some infections, like influenza, you are shedding a high amount

0:42:50.960 --> 0:42:55.360
<v Speaker 2>of virus before you ever begin to show symptoms, and

0:42:55.400 --> 0:42:57.799
<v Speaker 2>then the majority of the symptoms that you see are

0:42:57.800 --> 0:43:00.600
<v Speaker 2>not necessarily from the virus itself, but from your body

0:43:00.600 --> 0:43:03.680
<v Speaker 2>fighting off that infection. So then towards the end of

0:43:03.719 --> 0:43:07.000
<v Speaker 2>when you're feeling sick, though you might still be feeling creddy,

0:43:07.200 --> 0:43:10.239
<v Speaker 2>you're not shedding the virus, and so then you're no

0:43:10.320 --> 0:43:11.680
<v Speaker 2>longer contagious.

0:43:12.120 --> 0:43:14.600
<v Speaker 3>Does that make sense? That makes sense to me. I

0:43:14.600 --> 0:43:20.600
<v Speaker 3>wonder if it's like the number of viral particles that

0:43:20.760 --> 0:43:24.040
<v Speaker 3>is like used to or that is able to cause

0:43:24.080 --> 0:43:27.279
<v Speaker 3>an infection in another person, or like the bacterial load

0:43:27.440 --> 0:43:28.319
<v Speaker 3>or something like that.

0:43:28.560 --> 0:43:31.520
<v Speaker 2>And it probably also depends too on whether the symptoms

0:43:31.520 --> 0:43:35.120
<v Speaker 2>that you're seeing are from the infection itself or from

0:43:35.320 --> 0:43:39.240
<v Speaker 2>your body fighting off the infection, right, because if something

0:43:39.320 --> 0:43:42.800
<v Speaker 2>like diarrhea, if you're still actively having diarrhea with something

0:43:42.880 --> 0:43:49.400
<v Speaker 2>like girardia, then you're still pooping out active parasite, so

0:43:49.520 --> 0:43:51.520
<v Speaker 2>then you're still infectious the whole time that you have

0:43:51.640 --> 0:43:54.399
<v Speaker 2>that diarrhea. But with something else like flu where you're

0:43:54.440 --> 0:43:57.879
<v Speaker 2>just maybe you know, having a residual cough that might

0:43:58.000 --> 0:44:01.000
<v Speaker 2>just be from all of the immune cells that have

0:44:01.120 --> 0:44:03.239
<v Speaker 2>sort of built up in your system even though you've

0:44:03.960 --> 0:44:07.120
<v Speaker 2>your body has fought off the viral infections such that

0:44:07.160 --> 0:44:09.960
<v Speaker 2>you're not shedding active virus when you cough.

0:44:10.440 --> 0:44:14.400
<v Speaker 3>Your body or to the end recovering from the infection. Yeah.

0:44:14.520 --> 0:44:17.600
<v Speaker 3>I wonder how much person to person variation there is.

0:44:18.160 --> 0:44:26.120
<v Speaker 2>But there's tons. Yeah, that's a fun question though, Greg.

0:44:26.520 --> 0:44:27.440
<v Speaker 3>Yes, thanks Greg.

0:44:29.040 --> 0:44:33.880
<v Speaker 2>Do you remember in in Succession when he says cousin

0:44:34.040 --> 0:44:36.000
<v Speaker 2>Greg in the best way ever?

0:44:36.239 --> 0:44:37.719
<v Speaker 3>When is that show coming back?

0:44:37.840 --> 0:44:43.400
<v Speaker 2>I think September? Okay, okay, okay, this is cousin Greg.

0:44:44.320 --> 0:44:48.520
<v Speaker 2>Next question is what is the role of climate change?

0:44:49.080 --> 0:44:53.239
<v Speaker 3>In infectious disease. Oh, this is really really easy one

0:44:53.280 --> 0:44:55.720
<v Speaker 3>to answer. It's it's going to be a very short answer.

0:44:56.360 --> 0:44:59.160
<v Speaker 3>Just kidding, I'm actually I am going to keep it

0:44:59.280 --> 0:45:05.920
<v Speaker 3>very short, but because the answer is very complex and

0:45:06.080 --> 0:45:09.799
<v Speaker 3>very varied. So one thing is certain, and that is

0:45:10.080 --> 0:45:13.680
<v Speaker 3>that climate change will impact infectious diseases. I can give

0:45:13.719 --> 0:45:16.600
<v Speaker 3>you a few different instances or a few different examples

0:45:16.600 --> 0:45:19.279
<v Speaker 3>of how it might do that. I think primarily when

0:45:19.280 --> 0:45:22.680
<v Speaker 3>people think of climate change and infectious disease, they think

0:45:22.719 --> 0:45:26.200
<v Speaker 3>of it in terms of vector born diseases. So those

0:45:26.200 --> 0:45:30.280
<v Speaker 3>are ones that are transmitted by arthropod vectors such as

0:45:30.680 --> 0:45:35.240
<v Speaker 3>ticks or mosquitoes. And that's because as climate change happens,

0:45:35.239 --> 0:45:38.240
<v Speaker 3>the environment is going to change, and that will change

0:45:38.680 --> 0:45:45.680
<v Speaker 3>the distribution or the seasonality of these different insect or

0:45:45.760 --> 0:45:49.920
<v Speaker 3>arthropod life cycles. So, for instance, something like lime disease,

0:45:50.239 --> 0:45:54.399
<v Speaker 3>as things get warmer, that might make the tick more

0:45:54.480 --> 0:45:57.440
<v Speaker 3>able that transmit it, that transmits it more able to

0:45:57.520 --> 0:46:02.200
<v Speaker 3>live at higher latitudes or and higher altitudes depending on

0:46:02.239 --> 0:46:08.040
<v Speaker 3>where you are. And then there's things like just seasonality

0:46:08.080 --> 0:46:11.480
<v Speaker 3>and impacting the amount of humidity that you have. And

0:46:11.520 --> 0:46:15.120
<v Speaker 3>it's no matter what disease system you're working on. No

0:46:15.160 --> 0:46:21.680
<v Speaker 3>matter what geography you're researching in, this is going to

0:46:21.680 --> 0:46:25.520
<v Speaker 3>be a very complex question and a very complex answer.

0:46:25.560 --> 0:46:29.200
<v Speaker 3>Even the answer is typically it depends even if you

0:46:29.239 --> 0:46:33.080
<v Speaker 3>say something like lime disease, what is going to happen

0:46:33.080 --> 0:46:35.439
<v Speaker 3>with lime disease and climate change depends on where you are,

0:46:35.680 --> 0:46:39.000
<v Speaker 3>depends on what animals are around you. And that's the

0:46:39.000 --> 0:46:42.960
<v Speaker 3>beauty of ecology and also sort of the difficulty in

0:46:43.120 --> 0:46:47.880
<v Speaker 3>trying to predict or alleviate some of the negative effects

0:46:47.880 --> 0:46:52.200
<v Speaker 3>of climate change on infectious diseases. And then there's the

0:46:52.239 --> 0:46:55.520
<v Speaker 3>whole landscape change and urbanization, and that's a whole nother

0:46:56.360 --> 0:46:58.640
<v Speaker 3>bag of fleas that I won't go into.

0:46:59.440 --> 0:47:02.480
<v Speaker 2>Great answer, Aaron, thanks job, Thank you.

0:47:03.760 --> 0:47:09.600
<v Speaker 3>Okay, a bunch of people I asked a question and

0:47:09.680 --> 0:47:13.600
<v Speaker 3>I'll name a few of them. So we have Claire

0:47:13.719 --> 0:47:23.160
<v Speaker 3>and Emily and Maggie another Aaron, Andrew, Justin, Sarah McKenna, Scarlet, Jesse, etcetera, etcetera. Lily,

0:47:23.440 --> 0:47:26.240
<v Speaker 3>we have a bunch of people who asked us how

0:47:26.560 --> 0:47:31.680
<v Speaker 3>did we get into epidemiology and what steps are necessary

0:47:31.760 --> 0:47:33.560
<v Speaker 3>to become an epidemiologist?

0:47:34.160 --> 0:47:39.880
<v Speaker 2>Oh, so, like, how did we get interested in epidemiology. Yeah, sure,

0:47:40.719 --> 0:47:42.239
<v Speaker 2>I have an easy answer for this one.

0:47:42.640 --> 0:47:43.080
<v Speaker 3>You're good.

0:47:44.080 --> 0:47:47.799
<v Speaker 2>So I in undergrad wanted to be a shark biologist.

0:47:48.000 --> 0:47:51.839
<v Speaker 2>That was my goal in life. And it wasn't until

0:47:51.840 --> 0:47:57.640
<v Speaker 2>I took an ecological parasitology class that I became interested

0:47:57.680 --> 0:48:00.400
<v Speaker 2>in disease. And it was kind of a life changeing

0:48:00.760 --> 0:48:04.000
<v Speaker 2>moment for me in terms of as soon as I

0:48:04.040 --> 0:48:07.719
<v Speaker 2>started learning about these parasites and how complex their life

0:48:07.719 --> 0:48:10.720
<v Speaker 2>cycles were and the impact that they have on people,

0:48:11.360 --> 0:48:15.080
<v Speaker 2>I was completely hooked and knew that I had to

0:48:15.120 --> 0:48:19.160
<v Speaker 2>study something about disease and parasites. So that was what

0:48:19.520 --> 0:48:21.600
<v Speaker 2>sort of sparked it for me. And I went to

0:48:22.520 --> 0:48:26.000
<v Speaker 2>armand Curus, who taught that class, and I said, help me,

0:48:26.040 --> 0:48:27.640
<v Speaker 2>what do I do with my life. I'm about to

0:48:27.719 --> 0:48:30.719
<v Speaker 2>graduate and I need to change everything about what I

0:48:30.760 --> 0:48:32.880
<v Speaker 2>want to do. And he was like, don't worry about it,

0:48:33.160 --> 0:48:34.759
<v Speaker 2>go get your master's in public health.

0:48:34.800 --> 0:48:40.080
<v Speaker 3>And so that's what I did. Yeah. Yeah, I wish

0:48:40.120 --> 0:48:43.360
<v Speaker 3>I could have taken that class. I was a great class. Yeah,

0:48:43.960 --> 0:48:48.439
<v Speaker 3>I got interested because I kind of went a roundabout way.

0:48:48.560 --> 0:48:52.919
<v Speaker 3>I started out majoring my undergrad in nursing and had

0:48:52.920 --> 0:48:57.160
<v Speaker 3>to take a microbiology class for that in this my

0:48:57.280 --> 0:49:01.200
<v Speaker 3>second year, and it was an eight day class, which

0:49:02.000 --> 0:49:06.879
<v Speaker 3>was horrible for me. I'm not an early riser, as

0:49:06.880 --> 0:49:12.400
<v Speaker 3>you can tell maybe from our late recording sessions. But

0:49:12.520 --> 0:49:14.920
<v Speaker 3>I found myself going to it, riding my bike to

0:49:14.960 --> 0:49:18.640
<v Speaker 3>it every single Monday, Wednesday, Friday, and not wanting to

0:49:18.640 --> 0:49:20.480
<v Speaker 3>miss it because I thought it was so exciting and

0:49:20.520 --> 0:49:25.480
<v Speaker 3>so thrilling, and I thought, Oho, this might be what

0:49:25.560 --> 0:49:28.560
<v Speaker 3>I need to do instead. So I switched my major

0:49:28.600 --> 0:49:34.319
<v Speaker 3>to biology, looked at some independent research projects that I

0:49:34.360 --> 0:49:38.680
<v Speaker 3>could do a cold call or cold emailed someone working

0:49:38.719 --> 0:49:41.000
<v Speaker 3>in the plague and a plague lab, and I thought,

0:49:41.040 --> 0:49:44.040
<v Speaker 3>people work on plague is what? This is so exciting?

0:49:45.000 --> 0:49:47.040
<v Speaker 3>And then I became one of the people working on

0:49:47.120 --> 0:49:51.880
<v Speaker 3>plague and it was so exciting and to be a

0:49:51.880 --> 0:49:55.359
<v Speaker 3>complete full nerd. As I was working on these play

0:49:55.400 --> 0:49:58.680
<v Speaker 3>I was working primarily on surface proteins on the plague bacterium,

0:49:59.440 --> 0:50:02.200
<v Speaker 3>but I was still sort of feeling like, Okay, I'm

0:50:02.200 --> 0:50:06.200
<v Speaker 3>working on this amazingly cool bacterium, but what what Like,

0:50:06.280 --> 0:50:08.759
<v Speaker 3>there's there's more here, what's the story here? So then

0:50:08.760 --> 0:50:11.560
<v Speaker 3>I read a bunch of books on the plague and

0:50:12.040 --> 0:50:17.000
<v Speaker 3>found myself much more fascinated by the overall pattern and

0:50:17.160 --> 0:50:21.880
<v Speaker 3>impact of the disease than on the individual proteins. So

0:50:22.040 --> 0:50:27.480
<v Speaker 3>then I decided to take a year off and then

0:50:27.719 --> 0:50:31.520
<v Speaker 3>work and then and then applied to epidemiology, and then

0:50:31.600 --> 0:50:36.879
<v Speaker 3>disease ecology kind of happened because when I was doing

0:50:36.920 --> 0:50:42.680
<v Speaker 3>my master's, one of my advisors, who was a biologist,

0:50:43.400 --> 0:50:46.600
<v Speaker 3>was asked me or kind of like looked at me

0:50:46.760 --> 0:50:49.719
<v Speaker 3>sideways and was like, you know that a lot of

0:50:49.760 --> 0:50:52.239
<v Speaker 3>the things that you're writing about in your thesis are

0:50:52.719 --> 0:50:57.080
<v Speaker 3>ecology questions, right. I was like, what, No, I thought

0:50:57.120 --> 0:50:59.719
<v Speaker 3>it was epidemiology, and he's like, you might want to

0:50:59.719 --> 0:51:04.240
<v Speaker 3>look at ecology grad programs. I was like, oh, okay.

0:51:03.920 --> 0:51:06.360
<v Speaker 2>I don't think i've heard that part of the story before.

0:51:06.840 --> 0:51:07.920
<v Speaker 2>That's really cool.

0:51:08.320 --> 0:51:14.520
<v Speaker 3>I was clueless, So yeah, oh so okay, So what

0:51:14.680 --> 0:51:17.680
<v Speaker 3>steps are necessary to become an epidemiologist?

0:51:17.960 --> 0:51:21.480
<v Speaker 2>Well, I feel I've never actually worked as an epidemiologist,

0:51:21.800 --> 0:51:25.840
<v Speaker 2>so I don't know how to answer this question fully.

0:51:27.080 --> 0:51:31.480
<v Speaker 3>Yeah. I think there are many different pathways that you

0:51:31.600 --> 0:51:35.640
<v Speaker 3>can in which you can do epidemiology or public health

0:51:36.320 --> 0:51:40.640
<v Speaker 3>or things related to disease period. Yeah, And I think

0:51:40.640 --> 0:51:43.600
<v Speaker 3>the first step would be to identify the things that

0:51:43.680 --> 0:51:46.200
<v Speaker 3>interest you the most, or the things when you envision

0:51:46.280 --> 0:51:51.200
<v Speaker 3>yourself doing epidemiology, What is it that feels the most

0:51:51.200 --> 0:51:54.359
<v Speaker 3>exciting to you, or what is it that you are

0:51:54.440 --> 0:51:59.560
<v Speaker 3>envisioning doing. If it's something like field work where you're

0:51:59.560 --> 0:52:03.759
<v Speaker 3>going out to investigate an outbreak, then maybe you want

0:52:03.760 --> 0:52:06.480
<v Speaker 3>to go to a school of public health and get

0:52:06.480 --> 0:52:11.879
<v Speaker 3>a PhD or an MD in infectious disease. If it's

0:52:11.920 --> 0:52:14.520
<v Speaker 3>something like statistics, then maybe you want to look at

0:52:14.520 --> 0:52:19.239
<v Speaker 3>biostatistics programs. If it's something like wildlife disease, you could

0:52:19.239 --> 0:52:22.640
<v Speaker 3>look at veterinary programs, or disease ecology programs, or a

0:52:22.719 --> 0:52:25.680
<v Speaker 3>combination of all of these. If it's like policy, you

0:52:25.680 --> 0:52:29.799
<v Speaker 3>could look at policy programs. I think that that's one

0:52:29.840 --> 0:52:32.279
<v Speaker 3>of the beauties of public health as a field, is

0:52:32.280 --> 0:52:35.799
<v Speaker 3>that there's so many different avenues that you can get there,

0:52:36.280 --> 0:52:38.960
<v Speaker 3>and it's just sort of finding out what you like

0:52:39.040 --> 0:52:42.439
<v Speaker 3>to do want to do, so talk to people who

0:52:42.480 --> 0:52:43.280
<v Speaker 3>do these things.

0:52:43.520 --> 0:52:46.399
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I think it never hurts to email. Like if

0:52:46.440 --> 0:52:48.799
<v Speaker 2>you find actually something we had to do in our

0:52:48.920 --> 0:52:51.200
<v Speaker 2>first semester of grad school.

0:52:50.880 --> 0:52:52.680
<v Speaker 3>Here, remember this.

0:52:53.040 --> 0:52:56.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's a useful exercise what we had to do

0:52:56.120 --> 0:52:58.839
<v Speaker 2>was find somebody with a job that we wanted. So

0:52:59.320 --> 0:53:02.520
<v Speaker 2>find a job that you think you want and look.

0:53:02.440 --> 0:53:03.080
<v Speaker 3>Up their CV.

0:53:03.680 --> 0:53:06.200
<v Speaker 2>And sometimes they might not have it online, so maybe

0:53:06.200 --> 0:53:08.120
<v Speaker 2>you email them and you ask, could I have a

0:53:08.160 --> 0:53:10.640
<v Speaker 2>copy of your CV, and they might just give it

0:53:10.640 --> 0:53:12.840
<v Speaker 2>to you, or they might have it on their website already,

0:53:13.040 --> 0:53:15.040
<v Speaker 2>and then you can see what do they do to

0:53:15.120 --> 0:53:17.440
<v Speaker 2>get to the position that they're in, and then that

0:53:17.480 --> 0:53:19.440
<v Speaker 2>can help guide you in figuring out what you might

0:53:19.480 --> 0:53:21.960
<v Speaker 2>need to do to get to that position someday.

0:53:22.719 --> 0:53:26.959
<v Speaker 3>Aaron, can I reveal what yours was? Because I remember this, Yeah,

0:53:27.000 --> 0:53:32.840
<v Speaker 3>you can reveal. Aaron Almanepdyke over here decided that she

0:53:32.960 --> 0:53:38.080
<v Speaker 3>would download and print out and bring to class the

0:53:38.960 --> 0:53:43.080
<v Speaker 3>Was it the Surgeon General? Yes, the United States Surgeon

0:53:43.400 --> 0:53:44.720
<v Speaker 3>General CV.

0:53:45.239 --> 0:53:46.600
<v Speaker 2>That's whose CV I brought in.

0:53:47.920 --> 0:53:54.759
<v Speaker 3>Our advisor was like, so yes, He asked if I was.

0:53:54.760 --> 0:53:58.920
<v Speaker 2>Serious or if I misunderstood the prompt or if we

0:53:58.960 --> 0:54:01.799
<v Speaker 2>needed to have a really serious discussion about how high

0:54:01.840 --> 0:54:09.360
<v Speaker 2>I wanted to aim? What were we thinking? Anyways, Hopefully

0:54:09.360 --> 0:54:10.360
<v Speaker 2>that's helpful advice.

0:54:10.680 --> 0:54:15.080
<v Speaker 3>Yeah. I think in general, undergrad career could be something

0:54:15.160 --> 0:54:20.360
<v Speaker 3>like biology, statistics, math, chemistry, and then you know I

0:54:20.400 --> 0:54:23.160
<v Speaker 3>also don't want to discount things like social sciences.

0:54:23.200 --> 0:54:25.480
<v Speaker 2>I mean anthropology or humanities.

0:54:25.640 --> 0:54:32.840
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, anthropology, sociology, psychology, art, even I mean the need

0:54:32.920 --> 0:54:37.640
<v Speaker 3>for graphical design in getting like infographics, particularly to people

0:54:37.680 --> 0:54:40.879
<v Speaker 3>that where literacy or regions where literacy might be quite low.

0:54:41.440 --> 0:54:43.840
<v Speaker 3>That's huge. I mean, there are so many different ways

0:54:43.880 --> 0:54:47.760
<v Speaker 3>to be involved in public health. If you want to study,

0:54:48.040 --> 0:54:51.280
<v Speaker 3>if you want to do epidemiology in the strictest definition

0:54:51.360 --> 0:54:54.480
<v Speaker 3>of the of the word, then you would want to

0:54:54.600 --> 0:55:01.200
<v Speaker 3>choose probably a more quote hard science undergraduate degree and

0:55:01.239 --> 0:55:04.239
<v Speaker 3>then sort of go down, go down those steps. But

0:55:04.480 --> 0:55:06.680
<v Speaker 3>you know, look at job boards and say, is that

0:55:06.760 --> 0:55:09.399
<v Speaker 3>a job that I would want to do? Find people

0:55:09.400 --> 0:55:12.680
<v Speaker 3>who have that job, talk to them. Yeah, stuff like that.

0:55:13.040 --> 0:55:14.120
<v Speaker 3>I think that's good advice.

0:55:15.320 --> 0:55:18.640
<v Speaker 2>Okay, this is a fun next question that a number

0:55:18.640 --> 0:55:23.919
<v Speaker 2>of people asked Alec, Marcelline, Lizzie, Jennifer. They all want

0:55:23.960 --> 0:55:25.800
<v Speaker 2>to know probably more people too than I. Forgot to

0:55:25.840 --> 0:55:31.759
<v Speaker 2>write down what is our favorite disease or parasite or

0:55:31.800 --> 0:55:33.960
<v Speaker 2>infection and why?

0:55:36.880 --> 0:55:43.719
<v Speaker 3>Ah, this is so hard because I feel like I

0:55:43.920 --> 0:55:49.280
<v Speaker 3>have be I've been fascinated by every single one of them.

0:55:49.640 --> 0:55:52.120
<v Speaker 2>What if I answered what I think you would say,

0:55:52.120 --> 0:55:53.880
<v Speaker 2>and you answered what you think I would say, and

0:55:53.920 --> 0:55:58.640
<v Speaker 2>then we say whether we're right or wrong. Okay ooh

0:55:58.680 --> 0:55:59.320
<v Speaker 2>that's fun.

0:55:59.760 --> 0:56:00.000
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

0:56:00.040 --> 0:56:04.040
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I would think if I just guessed what yours

0:56:04.120 --> 0:56:04.520
<v Speaker 2>would be.

0:56:05.719 --> 0:56:08.040
<v Speaker 3>Are we talking just real quick? Are we talking ones

0:56:08.040 --> 0:56:10.200
<v Speaker 3>that we have covered on the show so far? Or

0:56:10.760 --> 0:56:14.839
<v Speaker 3>I just was thinking just in general? Okay, okay, But.

0:56:16.320 --> 0:56:20.680
<v Speaker 2>I think one of your top favorites is the plague

0:56:20.719 --> 0:56:25.439
<v Speaker 2>of course, yes, yeah.

0:56:24.120 --> 0:56:26.120
<v Speaker 3>But why would I find it the most intriguing?

0:56:26.480 --> 0:56:30.200
<v Speaker 2>Oh? I think that you love how huge it is

0:56:30.480 --> 0:56:32.759
<v Speaker 2>and how huge of an impact and how you can

0:56:32.800 --> 0:56:36.239
<v Speaker 2>see the impact that it's had across all of humanity

0:56:36.600 --> 0:56:40.279
<v Speaker 2>and what a massive, massive disease it has been, and

0:56:40.840 --> 0:56:43.120
<v Speaker 2>how interesting it is biologically on top of that.

0:56:43.520 --> 0:56:47.800
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I think that's a pretty good answer. What's mine?

0:56:48.480 --> 0:56:51.120
<v Speaker 3>I think yours is just a semiasis?

0:56:51.640 --> 0:56:53.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I think it probably is.

0:56:53.320 --> 0:56:57.120
<v Speaker 3>I think that you have answered that for this before,

0:56:57.800 --> 0:57:01.080
<v Speaker 3>for this question before, or a similar question. Yeah, because

0:57:01.080 --> 0:57:04.720
<v Speaker 3>of the there's something that's very intriguing or fascinating about

0:57:04.719 --> 0:57:07.000
<v Speaker 3>a multi host parasite. Yeah.

0:57:07.040 --> 0:57:09.319
<v Speaker 2>It was also one of my first It was the

0:57:09.360 --> 0:57:11.839
<v Speaker 2>hook lecture in the parasitology class that I take.

0:57:12.080 --> 0:57:13.919
<v Speaker 3>So it. It has a special place in my heart,

0:57:14.560 --> 0:57:16.480
<v Speaker 3>just as plague and plague and I.

0:57:16.920 --> 0:57:21.120
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, your first love is you know, et cetera, all

0:57:21.200 --> 0:57:21.720
<v Speaker 2>those things.

0:57:21.840 --> 0:57:22.600
<v Speaker 1>Yeah.

0:57:23.200 --> 0:57:26.080
<v Speaker 3>Oh that was fun. That was fun. Yeah, thanks for

0:57:26.120 --> 0:57:30.480
<v Speaker 3>all those everyone who asked that question. Yeah, okay, so

0:57:30.680 --> 0:57:34.720
<v Speaker 3>Danielle asked. You asked doctor Hotez if he could snap

0:57:34.760 --> 0:57:37.240
<v Speaker 3>his fingers and instantly have a new vaccine for a

0:57:37.280 --> 0:57:41.280
<v Speaker 3>disease that doesn't currently have one, what would he choose?

0:57:41.480 --> 0:57:44.240
<v Speaker 3>So they would like to know which we would choose.

0:57:44.920 --> 0:57:52.720
<v Speaker 2>Oh gosh, this is hard. This is very hard. I

0:57:52.760 --> 0:57:55.560
<v Speaker 2>can think of three that come to mind immediately.

0:57:56.360 --> 0:58:01.800
<v Speaker 3>Okay, what are they? Malaria? What about the the new malaria?

0:58:01.920 --> 0:58:03.800
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I just don't I mean, I don't know that

0:58:03.880 --> 0:58:06.240
<v Speaker 2>much about it. So if I could snap my fingers

0:58:06.240 --> 0:58:13.840
<v Speaker 2>and know that it works, that'd be awesome. HIV and

0:58:14.480 --> 0:58:15.560
<v Speaker 2>universal influenza.

0:58:16.400 --> 0:58:22.360
<v Speaker 3>Mmmm. I think malaria was one of my gut yeah

0:58:22.400 --> 0:58:27.040
<v Speaker 3>ones too, and then also gut parasites were we parasites,

0:58:28.040 --> 0:58:29.960
<v Speaker 3>So that would be I think my if I could

0:58:30.000 --> 0:58:33.520
<v Speaker 3>do one that that hit like round worm, hookworm, and whipworm,

0:58:34.160 --> 0:58:34.640
<v Speaker 3>that's good.

0:58:35.560 --> 0:58:36.640
<v Speaker 2>Oh that's a good question.

0:58:36.680 --> 0:58:37.800
<v Speaker 3>Should we be a question?

0:58:38.040 --> 0:58:40.160
<v Speaker 2>Take another quick break let's do it.

0:58:40.320 --> 0:59:18.600
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, welcome back, Hello, Hello, and welcome back to this

0:59:18.760 --> 0:59:21.000
<v Speaker 1>episode of Anyways.

0:59:21.080 --> 0:59:24.160
<v Speaker 3>I'm not going to do that voice forever. Okay.

0:59:24.800 --> 0:59:29.840
<v Speaker 2>Next question, This is a fun question that we got

0:59:29.840 --> 0:59:33.280
<v Speaker 2>from a number of different people. Stephanie Tyler Kendall and

0:59:33.320 --> 0:59:38.800
<v Speaker 2>a few others. What career options are there for epidemiologists?

0:59:40.080 --> 0:59:45.000
<v Speaker 3>Good question, Many different career options. And you know, one

0:59:45.040 --> 0:59:47.920
<v Speaker 3>of the things that came to mind as we were

0:59:47.960 --> 0:59:50.960
<v Speaker 3>putting this episode together is that we really need to

0:59:51.000 --> 0:59:56.000
<v Speaker 3>put together an episode that is just about epidemiology or

0:59:56.040 --> 1:00:00.480
<v Speaker 3>infectious disease or whatever as a career. Yeah, you really

1:00:00.520 --> 1:00:04.960
<v Speaker 3>want to bring in people who actually do varied who

1:00:05.080 --> 1:00:09.080
<v Speaker 3>have varied careers in epidemiology or disease ecology or medicine,

1:00:09.560 --> 1:00:12.680
<v Speaker 3>and have them talk to you about their experiences, what

1:00:12.720 --> 1:00:16.000
<v Speaker 3>their path was like, what advice that they have, because

1:00:16.040 --> 1:00:18.160
<v Speaker 3>there are so many different things that you can do

1:00:18.200 --> 1:00:21.520
<v Speaker 3>with a public health degree or with any other kinds

1:00:21.520 --> 1:00:25.120
<v Speaker 3>of degrees in public health. Yeah, and so to answer

1:00:25.720 --> 1:00:30.320
<v Speaker 3>the question of what career options are there for epidemiologists,

1:00:30.800 --> 1:00:35.240
<v Speaker 3>I mean the short answer is many different things. Tons.

1:00:35.920 --> 1:00:38.640
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, we got in general a lot of questions asking

1:00:38.680 --> 1:00:42.520
<v Speaker 2>for sort of advice on you know, how to find

1:00:42.560 --> 1:00:45.160
<v Speaker 2>careers or what to do for careers and what kinds

1:00:45.200 --> 1:00:48.040
<v Speaker 2>of options are available, And we've only done what we've

1:00:48.080 --> 1:00:52.680
<v Speaker 2>done so far, so we don't have answers to all

1:00:52.720 --> 1:00:56.520
<v Speaker 2>of those questions. So we are planning for our next

1:00:56.560 --> 1:00:59.600
<v Speaker 2>season to put together an episode where we interview people

1:01:00.040 --> 1:01:02.680
<v Speaker 2>who have all kinds of different careers and had all

1:01:02.760 --> 1:01:05.760
<v Speaker 2>kinds of different pathways that they took getting.

1:01:05.480 --> 1:01:06.320
<v Speaker 3>To those careers.

1:01:07.320 --> 1:01:09.400
<v Speaker 2>So hopefully that'll be able to answer a lot more

1:01:09.440 --> 1:01:11.520
<v Speaker 2>of these types of questions more specifically.

1:01:12.120 --> 1:01:15.720
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, but I would say to not leave you, hope

1:01:16.240 --> 1:01:21.400
<v Speaker 3>so completely unsatisfied. As an epidemiologist. You could be, as

1:01:21.440 --> 1:01:25.360
<v Speaker 3>I mentioned, somewhere out there in the field, looking for

1:01:25.480 --> 1:01:30.080
<v Speaker 3>spillover events, looking for outbreaks, investigating whether there are a

1:01:30.200 --> 1:01:34.280
<v Speaker 3>higher number of brain tumors at this one production factory

1:01:34.320 --> 1:01:38.680
<v Speaker 3>than there should be as expected due to chance. Or

1:01:38.720 --> 1:01:42.200
<v Speaker 3>you could be someone who works through long term data

1:01:42.280 --> 1:01:45.120
<v Speaker 3>that's been collected for years and years and years and says, oh,

1:01:45.160 --> 1:01:48.800
<v Speaker 3>you know what, there is a risk between working the

1:01:48.920 --> 1:01:52.200
<v Speaker 3>night shift and having higher rates of a certain type

1:01:52.200 --> 1:01:56.000
<v Speaker 3>of cancer or whatever it is. Or there could be

1:01:56.040 --> 1:02:01.360
<v Speaker 3>someone who is more about initiating science communication programs, or

1:02:01.480 --> 1:02:04.960
<v Speaker 3>saying let's have a tick van as they do here

1:02:05.240 --> 1:02:09.200
<v Speaker 3>in Finland a van. Yeah, yeah, they have a like

1:02:09.240 --> 1:02:12.600
<v Speaker 3>a tick van and it's informational tikvan and they also

1:02:12.680 --> 1:02:18.120
<v Speaker 3>have they provide the tickboard encephalitis vaccine. Oh that's so cool,

1:02:18.280 --> 1:02:20.720
<v Speaker 3>which is really cool. So we saw it once when

1:02:20.760 --> 1:02:23.640
<v Speaker 3>we were doing field work down south, so it was

1:02:23.720 --> 1:02:27.200
<v Speaker 3>so fun, really cool. But yeah, so that would be

1:02:27.240 --> 1:02:30.560
<v Speaker 3>something that an epidemiologists could be involved in, depending on

1:02:30.600 --> 1:02:32.840
<v Speaker 3>your training and your interest and skills.

1:02:33.640 --> 1:02:37.160
<v Speaker 2>There's also a lot of opportunities for things like policy advocates.

1:02:37.160 --> 1:02:39.480
<v Speaker 2>So depending on what you focus on with a public

1:02:39.480 --> 1:02:43.440
<v Speaker 2>health type degree, there's a lot of need for people

1:02:43.480 --> 1:02:46.920
<v Speaker 2>to do policy, whether it's policy research or policy advocacy,

1:02:47.080 --> 1:02:50.400
<v Speaker 2>writing policies, working with lawmakers, all that kind of stuff.

1:02:50.400 --> 1:02:53.440
<v Speaker 2>So there's a huge range within public health of the

1:02:53.560 --> 1:02:55.560
<v Speaker 2>kinds of jobs that you could potentially have.

1:02:56.320 --> 1:03:01.960
<v Speaker 3>Mm hmm, yeah. Cool. Have gotten in addition to this question,

1:03:02.040 --> 1:03:05.680
<v Speaker 3>which I'm gonna read to you, we've gotten a lot

1:03:05.720 --> 1:03:10.400
<v Speaker 3>of responses from people in general about saying like, oh,

1:03:10.520 --> 1:03:13.520
<v Speaker 3>I did so poorly in science during high school or

1:03:13.560 --> 1:03:16.000
<v Speaker 3>during college that I thought this isn't for me, I

1:03:16.040 --> 1:03:19.640
<v Speaker 3>can't do this, this is not the right fit, but

1:03:20.040 --> 1:03:23.520
<v Speaker 3>then at the same time really having still an interest

1:03:23.560 --> 1:03:26.480
<v Speaker 3>in it. And so one of the questions that we

1:03:26.600 --> 1:03:32.040
<v Speaker 3>got from several people was how performance in certain courses

1:03:32.360 --> 1:03:36.760
<v Speaker 3>affected both our decisions for what to study and then

1:03:36.760 --> 1:03:41.920
<v Speaker 3>also whether it's worth it to try to do something

1:03:41.920 --> 1:03:44.120
<v Speaker 3>that you're interested in if you don't feel like you

1:03:44.160 --> 1:03:50.360
<v Speaker 3>are performing well. That's a difficult question. These are difficult, Yeah,

1:03:50.400 --> 1:03:52.280
<v Speaker 3>difficult questions, I think.

1:03:52.400 --> 1:03:55.440
<v Speaker 2>I mean, for me, I think one of the reasons

1:03:55.480 --> 1:03:57.760
<v Speaker 2>that I'm still in school is because school is a

1:03:57.760 --> 1:04:01.320
<v Speaker 2>thing that I am good at, so I just stay

1:04:01.320 --> 1:04:05.280
<v Speaker 2>in it forever and ever. But I do think that

1:04:06.000 --> 1:04:10.440
<v Speaker 2>grad school is a lot different than most other school.

1:04:10.600 --> 1:04:13.040
<v Speaker 2>So even if you think, oh, I didn't do well

1:04:13.040 --> 1:04:17.760
<v Speaker 2>in these classes in high school or in college, grad school,

1:04:17.800 --> 1:04:20.760
<v Speaker 2>whether it's a master's or a PhD, is really nothing.

1:04:20.640 --> 1:04:22.920
<v Speaker 3>Like those schools.

1:04:23.080 --> 1:04:25.840
<v Speaker 2>And so I think just because you maybe didn't do

1:04:25.880 --> 1:04:28.080
<v Speaker 2>well in a classroom setting doesn't mean that you couldn't

1:04:28.080 --> 1:04:30.080
<v Speaker 2>do well in a research setting if that's something that

1:04:30.120 --> 1:04:31.680
<v Speaker 2>you're interested in pursuing.

1:04:32.600 --> 1:04:36.360
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I mean, I do think that that's that's part

1:04:36.400 --> 1:04:40.560
<v Speaker 3>of it. Like, there are certain science courses that made

1:04:40.560 --> 1:04:45.040
<v Speaker 3>me feel I don't belong here, and also certain times

1:04:45.120 --> 1:04:48.040
<v Speaker 3>during my PHDU and I thought, oh, I don't belong

1:04:48.120 --> 1:04:54.040
<v Speaker 3>here most of my PhD. And so I think I

1:04:54.120 --> 1:04:58.400
<v Speaker 3>do think that any one can do science if they

1:04:58.880 --> 1:05:01.880
<v Speaker 3>want to do it, if they're really driven to do it.

1:05:01.920 --> 1:05:05.000
<v Speaker 3>But there are also sometimes science and I think this

1:05:05.120 --> 1:05:08.360
<v Speaker 3>is very context dependent. It depends on how it's taught

1:05:08.360 --> 1:05:10.640
<v Speaker 3>in that certain school. Maybe you're stuck with a really

1:05:10.720 --> 1:05:15.440
<v Speaker 3>lousy teacher who doesn't quite care enough or lacks the

1:05:15.480 --> 1:05:18.680
<v Speaker 3>skills to teach it in a certain way that's accessible.

1:05:20.000 --> 1:05:23.000
<v Speaker 3>But then there's also even if you love it so much,

1:05:23.840 --> 1:05:27.240
<v Speaker 3>is it worth it to be so miserable during your

1:05:27.400 --> 1:05:30.200
<v Speaker 3>undergrad for instance, Or is there a way that you

1:05:30.240 --> 1:05:34.160
<v Speaker 3>can incorporate your interest in science or in diseases or

1:05:34.240 --> 1:05:38.680
<v Speaker 3>medicine in a career that's not necessarily focused on learning

1:05:38.720 --> 1:05:41.120
<v Speaker 3>some of the skills that you may not be interested

1:05:41.160 --> 1:05:46.880
<v Speaker 3>in learning. I'll second your statement that grad school research

1:05:46.960 --> 1:05:51.440
<v Speaker 3>is a lot different than undergraduate So I think that, yeah,

1:05:51.480 --> 1:05:54.200
<v Speaker 3>it's definitely a rule that if you succeeded in something

1:05:54.200 --> 1:05:57.880
<v Speaker 3>at undergraduate, you might not succeed as well in grad school.

1:05:57.920 --> 1:06:02.320
<v Speaker 3>And that same fields and vice versa. Yeah, yeah, all right,

1:06:03.360 --> 1:06:04.080
<v Speaker 3>cool cool.

1:06:04.840 --> 1:06:08.640
<v Speaker 2>So the next question, we got a couple of questions

1:06:08.680 --> 1:06:12.520
<v Speaker 2>similar to this. This is a fun one, so I'll

1:06:12.560 --> 1:06:17.480
<v Speaker 2>read this one from Lisa. She asked, how do we

1:06:17.560 --> 1:06:22.080
<v Speaker 2>manage being full time grad students or in this age

1:06:22.120 --> 1:06:26.640
<v Speaker 2>now postdoc and student and creating the podcast?

1:06:27.360 --> 1:06:27.840
<v Speaker 3>How do we?

1:06:28.600 --> 1:06:31.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah? She asked, are we wizards? We're not wizards?

1:06:34.200 --> 1:06:37.720
<v Speaker 3>Oh I wish we were wizards.

1:06:38.120 --> 1:06:39.880
<v Speaker 2>That would make it easy. If we had a time

1:06:39.920 --> 1:06:42.520
<v Speaker 2>turner like hermione, that would make this a lot easier.

1:06:43.000 --> 1:06:45.160
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, oh my god, you know I think about that,

1:06:45.720 --> 1:06:51.880
<v Speaker 3>like not infrequently. I didn't know that. Also, before I

1:06:51.880 --> 1:06:54.800
<v Speaker 3>answer this question, I want to say, Lisa, I definitely

1:06:54.840 --> 1:06:57.200
<v Speaker 3>remember meeting you at the Idea a couple of years ago,

1:06:57.400 --> 1:07:01.360
<v Speaker 3>and it is really nice. She is mentioned that we

1:07:01.440 --> 1:07:04.880
<v Speaker 3>had this that I gave her. This your zine, the

1:07:05.000 --> 1:07:07.960
<v Speaker 3>zine that my my older sister made of my research,

1:07:08.000 --> 1:07:10.800
<v Speaker 3>and it's one of my favorite possessions. It's super cool.

1:07:10.840 --> 1:07:12.600
<v Speaker 3>Maybe I'll put it up on the website or something.

1:07:12.640 --> 1:07:15.440
<v Speaker 2>You should, because it's really he should. But then Carrie

1:07:15.720 --> 1:07:17.600
<v Speaker 2>make one for me too, I.

1:07:17.600 --> 1:07:19.480
<v Speaker 3>Know, Carrie, Carrie.

1:07:19.920 --> 1:07:24.040
<v Speaker 2>Okay, Anyway, anyways, are we wizards, how do we manage

1:07:24.040 --> 1:07:24.479
<v Speaker 2>our time?

1:07:24.840 --> 1:07:29.800
<v Speaker 3>We are not wizards. Definitely, time management, As this is

1:07:29.840 --> 1:07:32.360
<v Speaker 3>going to sound so cliche, it's an ongoing struggle. You

1:07:32.480 --> 1:07:34.800
<v Speaker 3>constantly have to work on it, constantly have to learn

1:07:34.840 --> 1:07:37.120
<v Speaker 3>how to how to do it. And so at the beginning,

1:07:37.120 --> 1:07:41.760
<v Speaker 3>when we started this podcast, it was very poorly managed

1:07:41.880 --> 1:07:47.280
<v Speaker 3>time wise, very poorly. My research suffered. I think I

1:07:47.280 --> 1:07:53.280
<v Speaker 3>can say that for both of us. Yes, yes, and

1:07:53.280 --> 1:07:55.920
<v Speaker 3>and so now now it's we've fallen into a bit

1:07:55.920 --> 1:07:59.520
<v Speaker 3>more of a routine. It's a lot of work. I

1:07:59.520 --> 1:08:01.880
<v Speaker 3>would say a lot of weekends, at least one full

1:08:01.920 --> 1:08:06.000
<v Speaker 3>weekend day is typically dedicated to doing something of the podcast,

1:08:06.080 --> 1:08:09.240
<v Speaker 3>and I would say four or five weeknights, I'm doing

1:08:09.320 --> 1:08:14.120
<v Speaker 3>something related to it several hours. Yeah, it's just practice.

1:08:14.640 --> 1:08:18.200
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I think the biggest things that we've had to

1:08:19.760 --> 1:08:23.439
<v Speaker 2>learn how to do is balance it all. And yeah,

1:08:23.439 --> 1:08:25.559
<v Speaker 2>like Aaron said, we didn't used to be very good

1:08:25.560 --> 1:08:27.680
<v Speaker 2>at it, which is why we had such a long

1:08:27.760 --> 1:08:31.120
<v Speaker 2>hiatus between season one and season two because we had

1:08:31.120 --> 1:08:36.840
<v Speaker 2>to finish our actual actually finish. But we have gotten

1:08:36.880 --> 1:08:38.920
<v Speaker 2>a bit better at it, but it is still something

1:08:38.960 --> 1:08:42.400
<v Speaker 2>that we continually have to work on and so sometimes

1:08:42.479 --> 1:08:46.040
<v Speaker 2>things slip by the wayside, whether that's our social media

1:08:46.280 --> 1:08:50.639
<v Speaker 2>sorry guys, sometimes doesn't get all of our attention, or

1:08:50.880 --> 1:08:53.519
<v Speaker 2>you know, whatever else it is. Sometimes things there are

1:08:53.520 --> 1:08:56.720
<v Speaker 2>ebbs and flows. But we also just don't really have

1:08:57.680 --> 1:09:04.880
<v Speaker 2>lives outside of work and the podcast.

1:09:05.560 --> 1:09:09.479
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, but I think that there's a lot of things

1:09:09.479 --> 1:09:11.360
<v Speaker 3>that at the beginning took a lot of time, like

1:09:11.439 --> 1:09:14.720
<v Speaker 3>the editing, learning how to just do the editing. Editing

1:09:14.800 --> 1:09:17.040
<v Speaker 3>needs to take a lot longer, and so as you

1:09:17.080 --> 1:09:21.400
<v Speaker 3>get more efficient in all of these different areas, things

1:09:21.479 --> 1:09:24.519
<v Speaker 3>just get a little bit more streamlined. Yeah.

1:09:24.520 --> 1:09:28.559
<v Speaker 2>And something that we try because we were friends before

1:09:28.600 --> 1:09:31.919
<v Speaker 2>we started this podcast, and our goal is to maintain

1:09:32.320 --> 1:09:36.040
<v Speaker 2>being friends throughout it. So that's something that we also

1:09:36.320 --> 1:09:39.479
<v Speaker 2>work on pretty hard, is just maintaining communication between the

1:09:39.520 --> 1:09:41.560
<v Speaker 2>two of us, so that if one of us is

1:09:41.600 --> 1:09:43.360
<v Speaker 2>super busy, the other one tries to pick up the

1:09:43.400 --> 1:09:46.400
<v Speaker 2>slack and vice versa and just sort of having communication.

1:09:46.520 --> 1:09:48.320
<v Speaker 2>So I think we wouldn't be able to do this

1:09:48.439 --> 1:09:49.240
<v Speaker 2>without a partner.

1:09:49.400 --> 1:09:53.839
<v Speaker 3>So no, that's been that's for sure. Yeah, Okay, okay,

1:09:54.400 --> 1:09:59.559
<v Speaker 3>So on that note of time management and so on,

1:10:01.120 --> 1:10:05.479
<v Speaker 3>Advice for someone considering a PhD in any field. What

1:10:05.600 --> 1:10:09.400
<v Speaker 3>kind of advice do we have to offer? Don't do

1:10:09.479 --> 1:10:10.200
<v Speaker 3>it just kidding?

1:10:11.680 --> 1:10:16.760
<v Speaker 2>Oh boy, I can't say that. Oh do we have

1:10:16.800 --> 1:10:23.120
<v Speaker 2>to answer this question? Arin, Yes, I would say, wherever

1:10:23.200 --> 1:10:29.440
<v Speaker 2>you're applying, talk to your potential advisor a lot beforehand,

1:10:30.479 --> 1:10:36.240
<v Speaker 2>and talk to other students in their lab because PhDs

1:10:36.640 --> 1:10:43.320
<v Speaker 2>are very challenging and very long, and your advisor can

1:10:43.400 --> 1:10:45.360
<v Speaker 2>kind of make or break the experience.

1:10:46.320 --> 1:10:50.360
<v Speaker 3>I would agree with that, and I would also say

1:10:50.439 --> 1:10:54.680
<v Speaker 3>that I feel like we were so incredibly fortunate to

1:10:54.840 --> 1:11:01.000
<v Speaker 3>have basically the world's best advisor. Brian che You'll never

1:11:01.080 --> 1:11:04.559
<v Speaker 3>hear this. You'll never hear this, that's okay, But there

1:11:04.560 --> 1:11:07.040
<v Speaker 3>are things that you want to look out for, and

1:11:07.400 --> 1:11:09.640
<v Speaker 3>there are definitely some red flags, like if there's a

1:11:09.680 --> 1:11:12.759
<v Speaker 3>grad student who says, don't come here, that's an obvious

1:11:12.800 --> 1:11:15.519
<v Speaker 3>red flag. Yes, because the point is this is going

1:11:15.560 --> 1:11:17.760
<v Speaker 3>to be for a PhD. Depending on your field, this

1:11:17.800 --> 1:11:19.880
<v Speaker 3>could be anywhere from four to seven years of your

1:11:19.920 --> 1:11:24.799
<v Speaker 3>life where you are essentially yeah, you are essentially married

1:11:24.800 --> 1:11:29.200
<v Speaker 3>to this person. You're a PhD advisor, and you have

1:11:29.320 --> 1:11:33.479
<v Speaker 3>to be able to get along and work well together

1:11:33.600 --> 1:11:37.000
<v Speaker 3>if you don't want to have a completely miserable existence. Yeah,

1:11:37.000 --> 1:11:39.320
<v Speaker 3>because grad school is hard enough as it is without

1:11:39.320 --> 1:11:43.040
<v Speaker 3>having a terrible advisor on top of that. Also, look

1:11:43.080 --> 1:11:47.280
<v Speaker 3>at the atmosphere within the department. That's really huge. Do

1:11:47.439 --> 1:11:50.880
<v Speaker 3>the professors interact with one another? Are they friends or

1:11:50.960 --> 1:11:54.120
<v Speaker 3>is it highly competitive both amongst the professors and among

1:11:54.160 --> 1:11:58.599
<v Speaker 3>the grad students. Are you guaranteed funding? Yes? If you're

1:11:58.600 --> 1:12:03.120
<v Speaker 3>not guaranteed funding, bye bye piece PhD. Yeah, there are

1:12:03.120 --> 1:12:08.240
<v Speaker 3>differences between loo choosing between different programs and then choosing

1:12:08.320 --> 1:12:11.919
<v Speaker 3>between going to grad school or not going.

1:12:11.680 --> 1:12:14.120
<v Speaker 2>To grad school, and so harder question.

1:12:14.320 --> 1:12:19.479
<v Speaker 3>That's a harder question if your only reason is I

1:12:19.520 --> 1:12:23.240
<v Speaker 3>don't know what else to do, don't go, don't do it.

1:12:23.880 --> 1:12:23.960
<v Speaker 1>No.

1:12:24.600 --> 1:12:27.200
<v Speaker 2>For me, the only thing that kept me going through

1:12:27.280 --> 1:12:29.439
<v Speaker 2>the hardest parts of my PhD is that I came

1:12:29.479 --> 1:12:32.880
<v Speaker 2>into it wanting to do a very specific thing. And

1:12:33.080 --> 1:12:35.680
<v Speaker 2>even though at this point I don't know that that's

1:12:35.720 --> 1:12:37.840
<v Speaker 2>what I want to do with my life anymore, I

1:12:37.920 --> 1:12:40.600
<v Speaker 2>came in with a goal and so for me, I

1:12:40.640 --> 1:12:43.519
<v Speaker 2>think that was essential because I was like, I'm doing

1:12:43.520 --> 1:12:47.640
<v Speaker 2>this for a reason. So I think knowing what you

1:12:47.720 --> 1:12:50.200
<v Speaker 2>want to do with the PhD, even if it's not

1:12:50.360 --> 1:12:53.559
<v Speaker 2>precise knowing that you need it to get you to

1:12:53.640 --> 1:12:57.639
<v Speaker 2>the next stage, I think is really really helpful.

1:12:58.120 --> 1:13:02.400
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, And I think that again googling jobs, like going

1:13:02.439 --> 1:13:06.720
<v Speaker 3>to any any job website and typing in something that

1:13:06.760 --> 1:13:09.040
<v Speaker 3>you think you might be interested in, or if you

1:13:09.160 --> 1:13:10.800
<v Speaker 3>know someone that has a job that you would want

1:13:10.840 --> 1:13:13.760
<v Speaker 3>to do, see what kind of qualifications you need. Do

1:13:13.840 --> 1:13:18.400
<v Speaker 3>you need a PhD? Because if not, the field is

1:13:18.600 --> 1:13:22.320
<v Speaker 3>increasingly competitive. And I feel like we're both sounding very

1:13:22.360 --> 1:13:25.599
<v Speaker 3>negative on this on this question, but it is because

1:13:26.000 --> 1:13:31.400
<v Speaker 3>it's a massive undertaking, and it is the grad school

1:13:32.000 --> 1:13:37.519
<v Speaker 3>culture or expectations are not always the kindest to your

1:13:37.800 --> 1:13:43.280
<v Speaker 3>mental health. Yeah, and to time management and to personal life.

1:13:43.360 --> 1:13:48.519
<v Speaker 3>A division between personal life and work life becomes. Yeah,

1:13:48.680 --> 1:13:54.040
<v Speaker 3>it's it's it's tough. That being said, it is an

1:13:54.040 --> 1:13:59.040
<v Speaker 3>incredible experience. Uh, some of it is really wonderful. Aaron's

1:13:59.080 --> 1:14:04.000
<v Speaker 3>looking at me very doubt right now, very doubtfully. But

1:14:04.920 --> 1:14:07.600
<v Speaker 3>the community, I mean, we were again very fortunate with

1:14:07.640 --> 1:14:12.680
<v Speaker 3>having an incredible community as well with with our International

1:14:12.720 --> 1:14:16.479
<v Speaker 3>Secret Wine Society. Yes, shout out to everyone there.

1:14:16.560 --> 1:14:18.080
<v Speaker 2>We couldn't have done it alone.

1:14:18.200 --> 1:14:20.479
<v Speaker 3>We could not. That's the thing is that you're at

1:14:20.520 --> 1:14:22.400
<v Speaker 3>least in the trenches with a bunch of other people.

1:14:22.439 --> 1:14:24.720
<v Speaker 3>I don't know if that's comforting or not, but it

1:14:24.840 --> 1:14:27.599
<v Speaker 3>was for me. Yeah, and then for in my case,

1:14:27.640 --> 1:14:29.639
<v Speaker 3>you get to do field work and be in beautiful

1:14:29.640 --> 1:14:35.439
<v Speaker 3>places if yeah, so well not anyway, move on to

1:14:35.560 --> 1:14:38.360
<v Speaker 3>more happy things. Yeah.

1:14:38.400 --> 1:14:42.080
<v Speaker 2>Like this wonderful question from Paul. I like this question.

1:14:42.800 --> 1:14:43.880
<v Speaker 3>Okay, tell me so.

1:14:45.080 --> 1:14:47.800
<v Speaker 2>They asked how we got interested in things that will

1:14:47.880 --> 1:14:50.160
<v Speaker 2>kill us, which we kind of have talked about how

1:14:50.160 --> 1:14:52.559
<v Speaker 2>we got interested in eptymiology. But the part of the

1:14:52.680 --> 1:14:57.240
<v Speaker 2>question that I really like is they ask we often

1:14:57.320 --> 1:15:01.639
<v Speaker 2>sound in admiration of how ingenious viruses and bacteria are,

1:15:02.240 --> 1:15:08.320
<v Speaker 2>but we clearly love vaccines. Uh, And so they're asking,

1:15:08.560 --> 1:15:10.960
<v Speaker 2>are we on the side of vaccines or on the

1:15:11.040 --> 1:15:12.960
<v Speaker 2>side of the viruses and bacteria?

1:15:13.880 --> 1:15:16.000
<v Speaker 3>Well, Paul, whose side are we on?

1:15:18.400 --> 1:15:18.720
<v Speaker 1>All right?

1:15:18.720 --> 1:15:26.880
<v Speaker 3>Paul, let me give it to you straight. I will

1:15:26.880 --> 1:15:33.320
<v Speaker 3>personally say I'm on the side of vaccines and medical technology,

1:15:33.760 --> 1:15:37.120
<v Speaker 3>and I'm also on the side of just straight up evolution.

1:15:37.320 --> 1:15:40.720
<v Speaker 3>I think that when we talk about how ingenious viruses

1:15:40.720 --> 1:15:43.800
<v Speaker 3>and bacteria and parasites are and how incredible it is,

1:15:43.840 --> 1:15:46.880
<v Speaker 3>the hookworm life cycle is what did we call it?

1:15:46.920 --> 1:15:50.960
<v Speaker 3>We called it like aspirational, Yes, and I mean it

1:15:51.000 --> 1:15:55.600
<v Speaker 3>is like the fact that that exists is on it's so,

1:15:56.160 --> 1:15:58.559
<v Speaker 3>I mean, unbelievable is not a good enough word for it.

1:15:58.640 --> 1:15:59.960
<v Speaker 2>Like, no, it's incredible.

1:16:00.200 --> 1:16:04.200
<v Speaker 4>It's so beautiful to see that evolution has has led

1:16:04.280 --> 1:16:08.000
<v Speaker 4>to the existence of these parasitic life forms that have

1:16:08.120 --> 1:16:11.240
<v Speaker 4>these unimaginably complex life cycles.

1:16:11.400 --> 1:16:14.559
<v Speaker 3>And I do yeah, I mean I can hear the

1:16:14.600 --> 1:16:18.360
<v Speaker 3>admiration coming out, but I am I will say ultimately

1:16:18.560 --> 1:16:24.200
<v Speaker 3>yes on the side of also human ingenuity and technological advancement.

1:16:24.560 --> 1:16:27.519
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I feel like the way doctor who feels about it,

1:16:28.760 --> 1:16:31.559
<v Speaker 2>I feel like he has equal admiration for a lot

1:16:31.600 --> 1:16:34.320
<v Speaker 2>of life forms and just maybe loves humans just a

1:16:34.360 --> 1:16:37.880
<v Speaker 2>tiny bit more to where you want to see them succeed.

1:16:39.320 --> 1:16:44.840
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, you have to, I think, have a good healthy

1:16:45.040 --> 1:16:50.639
<v Speaker 5>dose of respect and fear for these guys, these viruses

1:16:50.640 --> 1:16:51.840
<v Speaker 5>and bacteria, pathogens.

1:16:51.880 --> 1:16:53.200
<v Speaker 3>So yeah, they're all.

1:16:53.040 --> 1:16:55.400
<v Speaker 2>Just trying to make their living the same way that

1:16:55.479 --> 1:16:56.320
<v Speaker 2>we are, you know.

1:16:57.160 --> 1:17:00.800
<v Speaker 3>So it's yeah, I agree.

1:17:00.479 --> 1:17:04.759
<v Speaker 2>On the side of evolution, but also medical technology.

1:17:04.560 --> 1:17:08.840
<v Speaker 3>The tie we can love both. Paul. Yeah, Paul, come on,

1:17:10.360 --> 1:17:16.520
<v Speaker 3>don't put us, don't put us in this corner here Yeah,

1:17:16.560 --> 1:17:21.040
<v Speaker 3>that was fun. Okay. Miley asked if you could shrink

1:17:21.080 --> 1:17:24.479
<v Speaker 3>yourself down and get injected into an infected person to

1:17:24.560 --> 1:17:28.240
<v Speaker 3>see a disease at work, what disease would you want

1:17:28.240 --> 1:17:29.960
<v Speaker 3>to see an action and why?

1:17:30.520 --> 1:17:32.960
<v Speaker 2>This is a very fun question. Also to come on

1:17:33.000 --> 1:17:34.840
<v Speaker 2>the heels of the other I didn't do that on

1:17:34.880 --> 1:17:36.080
<v Speaker 2>purpose in ordering these.

1:17:37.120 --> 1:17:37.679
<v Speaker 3>That's good.

1:17:38.080 --> 1:17:41.120
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I think I'd want to see one of these

1:17:41.160 --> 1:17:43.200
<v Speaker 2>really complex life cycle diseases.

1:17:43.280 --> 1:17:43.759
<v Speaker 3>For sure.

1:17:44.200 --> 1:17:48.000
<v Speaker 2>I'd want to see schistasimiasis or No, I probably would

1:17:48.040 --> 1:17:50.160
<v Speaker 2>want to follow something like shisto because I'd want to

1:17:50.200 --> 1:17:54.280
<v Speaker 2>follow it all the way through all of its hosts.

1:17:54.400 --> 1:17:57.200
<v Speaker 3>Oh my gosh, can you even imagine? It would be

1:17:57.280 --> 1:18:00.479
<v Speaker 3>like osmosis Jones? But yes, biologically accurate?

1:18:00.680 --> 1:18:05.800
<v Speaker 2>Yes, Oh that would be amazing. Let's magic school bus it?

1:18:06.600 --> 1:18:12.160
<v Speaker 3>Yes? Oh yeah that sounds great. HM new TV show idea.

1:18:13.640 --> 1:18:16.639
<v Speaker 3>I think I think my my first instinct was something

1:18:16.720 --> 1:18:20.519
<v Speaker 3>similar like hookworm. Yeah, I mean just because I want

1:18:20.560 --> 1:18:24.519
<v Speaker 3>to go through the whole lungs and etcetera. But I

1:18:24.560 --> 1:18:28.800
<v Speaker 3>also would love to cross the blood brain barrier with

1:18:29.040 --> 1:18:33.200
<v Speaker 3>rabies and say or or like cordyceps, be like, what

1:18:33.280 --> 1:18:34.320
<v Speaker 3>is actually happening here?

1:18:37.160 --> 1:18:39.120
<v Speaker 2>I'd like to ask. I'd like to be able to

1:18:39.160 --> 1:18:41.640
<v Speaker 2>talk to the fungus and be like, listen, can we

1:18:42.240 --> 1:18:43.160
<v Speaker 2>what's going on here?

1:18:43.200 --> 1:18:46.080
<v Speaker 3>Man? Oh man, oh man?

1:18:46.320 --> 1:18:46.599
<v Speaker 1>Oh?

1:18:46.680 --> 1:18:52.840
<v Speaker 2>That would be so cool. What a fun question. I yeah, okay,

1:18:52.920 --> 1:18:57.519
<v Speaker 2>next one ready. Someone who is a part time lecturer

1:18:57.720 --> 1:19:02.360
<v Speaker 2>of writing and literature asked us, when we look at writing,

1:19:02.400 --> 1:19:07.479
<v Speaker 2>both fiction and nonfiction that focuses on epidemics or is

1:19:07.520 --> 1:19:10.960
<v Speaker 2>about pathogens, or uses epidemics as like a plot point,

1:19:11.400 --> 1:19:14.759
<v Speaker 2>what do we think is the underlying narrative that's often

1:19:14.800 --> 1:19:17.200
<v Speaker 2>being told. I feel like you can answer this one

1:19:17.360 --> 1:19:18.439
<v Speaker 2>much better than I can.

1:19:18.720 --> 1:19:23.639
<v Speaker 3>I love this question. This is gonna sound super dorky.

1:19:23.960 --> 1:19:27.280
<v Speaker 3>I would love to take a class on this particular topic.

1:19:27.360 --> 1:19:29.719
<v Speaker 2>I wonder if they teach it.

1:19:29.120 --> 1:19:32.840
<v Speaker 3>Maybe on disease, Like disease in fiction would be so

1:19:33.080 --> 1:19:36.760
<v Speaker 3>cool in having this type of question on a I

1:19:36.760 --> 1:19:40.160
<v Speaker 3>don't know, quiz or exam or something. Oh my god,

1:19:42.120 --> 1:19:45.320
<v Speaker 3>he sounds so nerdy right now. I'm just really nerdy.

1:19:45.600 --> 1:19:50.120
<v Speaker 3>But I think that the narrative that I can immediately

1:19:50.120 --> 1:19:53.559
<v Speaker 3>think of off the top of my head maybe is a

1:19:53.600 --> 1:19:58.280
<v Speaker 3>fresh start. So what do humans do with a fresh start?

1:19:58.320 --> 1:20:02.479
<v Speaker 3>And what aspects of humanity the will prevail. Is it

1:20:02.520 --> 1:20:05.320
<v Speaker 3>going to be positive aspects? Is it going to be

1:20:06.439 --> 1:20:10.640
<v Speaker 3>this survival, this teamwork, let's group together, or is it

1:20:10.720 --> 1:20:15.479
<v Speaker 3>going to be an individual How much evil can one

1:20:15.560 --> 1:20:19.840
<v Speaker 3>person do to bring down this newly created society?

1:20:19.920 --> 1:20:23.200
<v Speaker 2>That Yeah, but it's never the disease itself.

1:20:23.560 --> 1:20:26.439
<v Speaker 3>It's no, it's never the disease itself. It's never about

1:20:27.479 --> 1:20:30.800
<v Speaker 3>and it's always I think there is. It comes down

1:20:30.920 --> 1:20:34.320
<v Speaker 3>more to society, but also individual choice. So like with

1:20:34.400 --> 1:20:36.600
<v Speaker 3>the Girl with All the Gifts, which is sort of

1:20:36.600 --> 1:20:40.679
<v Speaker 3>a blend between infectious disease and zombies, it is about

1:20:40.680 --> 1:20:49.760
<v Speaker 3>these individual choices and how our morality or philosophies have

1:20:49.840 --> 1:20:54.880
<v Speaker 3>to shifts as our worldview is completely shattered from the

1:20:55.439 --> 1:20:58.680
<v Speaker 3>wiping out of humanity or whatever else. I mean, I

1:20:58.720 --> 1:21:00.360
<v Speaker 3>love it. I love it. I think it's it is

1:21:00.400 --> 1:21:05.479
<v Speaker 3>all just staging a morality play or a humanity play.

1:21:05.479 --> 1:21:09.879
<v Speaker 3>What does humanity really do in times of trouble? Yeah? Okay.

1:21:10.280 --> 1:21:13.280
<v Speaker 3>Our next question is about this goes right on the

1:21:13.280 --> 1:21:19.120
<v Speaker 3>heels of this nicely. What is your favorite book about diseases?

1:21:19.200 --> 1:21:20.480
<v Speaker 3>Fiction or nonfiction?

1:21:21.240 --> 1:21:23.519
<v Speaker 2>Aaron, you shouldn't have read this question because you are

1:21:23.560 --> 1:21:26.040
<v Speaker 2>going to have a better answer for it, because you

1:21:26.200 --> 1:21:27.800
<v Speaker 2>read way more books than me.

1:21:28.360 --> 1:21:32.320
<v Speaker 3>But honestly, I'm going on Goodreads right now to.

1:21:32.479 --> 1:21:35.840
<v Speaker 2>Our to try and find your answer. From Goodreads.

1:21:36.200 --> 1:21:40.800
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I'm going to good Reads. These books will kill you.

1:21:41.200 --> 1:21:43.240
<v Speaker 2>Well, you just said The Girl with all the Gifts,

1:21:43.240 --> 1:21:45.240
<v Speaker 2>and I had forgotten about that. I think the problem

1:21:45.320 --> 1:21:48.200
<v Speaker 2>is I have a terrible memory, so I forget when

1:21:48.200 --> 1:21:50.280
<v Speaker 2>I've read a book that I enjoyed. But I loved

1:21:50.280 --> 1:21:50.799
<v Speaker 2>The Girl.

1:21:50.640 --> 1:21:52.759
<v Speaker 3>With all the Gifts. That's a very fun one.

1:21:53.040 --> 1:21:56.000
<v Speaker 2>I'm reading a book right now that's not about disease,

1:21:56.080 --> 1:21:58.360
<v Speaker 2>but it's about death.

1:21:58.320 --> 1:22:00.840
<v Speaker 3>And I love it. What's it called.

1:22:01.120 --> 1:22:06.839
<v Speaker 2>It's called Working Stiff. It's by a forensic pathologist. It's fantastic.

1:22:07.720 --> 1:22:08.439
<v Speaker 3>That sounds good.

1:22:08.600 --> 1:22:09.360
<v Speaker 2>Oh, I love it.

1:22:10.000 --> 1:22:12.640
<v Speaker 3>What about Andromeda Strain? You read that?

1:22:12.920 --> 1:22:13.599
<v Speaker 2>I never did.

1:22:14.080 --> 1:22:18.799
<v Speaker 3>I watched that movie. I've never read it. Oh, okay, okay.

1:22:20.120 --> 1:22:23.200
<v Speaker 2>And I never finished the Stephen King one that everyone loves.

1:22:23.439 --> 1:22:25.759
<v Speaker 3>Oh my god, me either. I feel like the worst

1:22:25.840 --> 1:22:26.599
<v Speaker 3>person about it.

1:22:26.640 --> 1:22:26.760
<v Speaker 1>Oh.

1:22:27.040 --> 1:22:31.519
<v Speaker 3>I remember reading it for ages in my hammock in Panama.

1:22:31.040 --> 1:22:33.439
<v Speaker 2>Yep, and I just never made it through.

1:22:34.920 --> 1:22:38.960
<v Speaker 3>Okay, So I think I would say one of my

1:22:39.840 --> 1:22:45.360
<v Speaker 3>favorites is Blindness, which is not really about disease, but

1:22:45.439 --> 1:22:48.000
<v Speaker 3>it is about an epidemic of blindness that happens.

1:22:48.560 --> 1:22:50.360
<v Speaker 2>And this is a fiction fiction.

1:22:50.560 --> 1:22:53.080
<v Speaker 3>Oh it's so beautiful. And there's another there's a sequel

1:22:53.120 --> 1:22:56.200
<v Speaker 3>that I haven't read, called Sight or Seeing or something

1:22:57.120 --> 1:22:58.480
<v Speaker 3>by jose Santamago.

1:22:58.760 --> 1:23:01.400
<v Speaker 2>If you don't know yet about our good Reads list,

1:23:01.640 --> 1:23:04.519
<v Speaker 2>Aaron puts so many good books on it. And then

1:23:04.560 --> 1:23:06.639
<v Speaker 2>you guys can also add your own favorite books.

1:23:06.640 --> 1:23:08.360
<v Speaker 3>So yeah, we can all.

1:23:08.200 --> 1:23:11.759
<v Speaker 2>Have our favorite fiction and nonfiction disease books in one place.

1:23:11.800 --> 1:23:13.240
<v Speaker 2>It's called These Books Will Kill You.

1:23:13.760 --> 1:23:17.960
<v Speaker 3>Yes, it's great. It's really fun resource for me because

1:23:17.960 --> 1:23:19.960
<v Speaker 3>I get to look and see what else is here.

1:23:20.080 --> 1:23:24.639
<v Speaker 3>But yeah, and I think the nonfiction might be The

1:23:24.760 --> 1:23:28.000
<v Speaker 3>Family that Couldn't Sleep. That was just a really fun,

1:23:29.040 --> 1:23:33.160
<v Speaker 3>very well written book. Not Awakened, but I don't know Awakenings.

1:23:33.200 --> 1:23:35.640
<v Speaker 3>I mean everything. It's so hard like that is that

1:23:35.760 --> 1:23:38.520
<v Speaker 3>is much more difficult for me to choose? Is the nonfiction?

1:23:38.640 --> 1:23:42.280
<v Speaker 2>I think, Yeah, there's a lot of good ones.

1:23:42.360 --> 1:23:42.679
<v Speaker 3>Okay.

1:23:42.880 --> 1:23:51.160
<v Speaker 2>Next question from kaz Ooh, okay. Advice for avoiding academic

1:23:51.240 --> 1:23:57.080
<v Speaker 2>research burnout earh. Also, isn't this the person who said

1:23:57.120 --> 1:24:02.000
<v Speaker 2>they work as a quality control chemistroom Caz, we're going

1:24:02.080 --> 1:24:05.760
<v Speaker 2>to hit you up. Yeah we are, No, seriously, I

1:24:05.800 --> 1:24:06.759
<v Speaker 2>want to go to your brewery.

1:24:06.760 --> 1:24:07.559
<v Speaker 3>That sounds awesome.

1:24:08.400 --> 1:24:12.680
<v Speaker 2>Academic research burnout This is a big topic that I

1:24:12.720 --> 1:24:15.360
<v Speaker 2>think we talk a lot about. Luckily, people are talking

1:24:15.360 --> 1:24:17.160
<v Speaker 2>about it a lot more these days and not just

1:24:17.240 --> 1:24:21.920
<v Speaker 2>ignoring it like it isn't a real thing. So that's

1:24:22.040 --> 1:24:26.240
<v Speaker 2>a first step. I think that recognizing that burnout is

1:24:26.320 --> 1:24:28.759
<v Speaker 2>very real and a lot of people experience it. I think,

1:24:29.000 --> 1:24:31.760
<v Speaker 2>I don't know, trying to find ways to take time

1:24:31.760 --> 1:24:34.880
<v Speaker 2>for yourself and doing things that you actually enjoy and

1:24:34.920 --> 1:24:37.920
<v Speaker 2>not falling into the trap of thinking that you have

1:24:38.000 --> 1:24:42.320
<v Speaker 2>to be working one hundred percent of the time, I

1:24:42.439 --> 1:24:45.400
<v Speaker 2>think is the biggest thing because people people fall into

1:24:45.439 --> 1:24:48.840
<v Speaker 2>that trap because that's very much the academia mindset, and

1:24:48.880 --> 1:24:51.600
<v Speaker 2>it's not true. It doesn't make you a better academic

1:24:51.680 --> 1:24:53.600
<v Speaker 2>if you work twenty four hours a day. If you

1:24:53.680 --> 1:24:57.480
<v Speaker 2>want to, fine, that's cool too. But if you don't,

1:24:57.520 --> 1:25:04.640
<v Speaker 2>which most humans don't, that's fine and that's normal. Yeah.

1:25:04.720 --> 1:25:10.400
<v Speaker 3>I think it's very difficult to have strict advice on

1:25:10.439 --> 1:25:14.880
<v Speaker 3>how not to burn out because I think having, yeah,

1:25:16.200 --> 1:25:18.920
<v Speaker 3>your advice of making sure that you have personal time

1:25:19.200 --> 1:25:24.000
<v Speaker 3>is huge, but there are ways that the culture can

1:25:24.080 --> 1:25:29.519
<v Speaker 3>really seep into your life and negative ways. So like

1:25:29.560 --> 1:25:33.720
<v Speaker 3>this constant comparison where there is this impostor syndrome, Like

1:25:33.760 --> 1:25:38.760
<v Speaker 3>the imposter syndrome then also plays into constantly comparing your

1:25:38.760 --> 1:25:41.920
<v Speaker 3>own achievements to everyone else around you, and like, oh,

1:25:41.960 --> 1:25:44.320
<v Speaker 3>well do I know R well enough? Can I ever

1:25:44.400 --> 1:25:47.320
<v Speaker 3>know R well enough? Did I have enough papers this year?

1:25:47.360 --> 1:25:49.559
<v Speaker 3>Did I have enough grant money this year? That person

1:25:50.360 --> 1:25:54.240
<v Speaker 3>was here at the lab before I arrived, and they're

1:25:54.320 --> 1:25:56.880
<v Speaker 3>still here when I'm leaving. I'm not here long enough.

1:25:56.920 --> 1:26:00.439
<v Speaker 3>Like all of these questions are constantly at least in

1:26:00.880 --> 1:26:06.000
<v Speaker 3>my case, we're circulating a lot and never quite feeling

1:26:06.680 --> 1:26:10.240
<v Speaker 3>good enough or capable enough, or worthy or whatever else,

1:26:11.240 --> 1:26:15.800
<v Speaker 3>and that emotional exhaustion really plays into burnout. Yeah, I

1:26:15.840 --> 1:26:19.040
<v Speaker 3>think being aware of some of these things is good

1:26:19.040 --> 1:26:20.800
<v Speaker 3>at least so you can prepare yourself. I think the

1:26:20.840 --> 1:26:24.600
<v Speaker 3>other thing is having a support group, like a community

1:26:24.640 --> 1:26:27.639
<v Speaker 3>of friends to talk about it with or talk about

1:26:27.680 --> 1:26:29.960
<v Speaker 3>other things. So you know what, we need to just

1:26:30.040 --> 1:26:33.440
<v Speaker 3>have a night where we just watch dance movie montages.

1:26:34.479 --> 1:26:38.400
<v Speaker 3>As we mentioned, drink a whiskey to not be free.

1:26:38.520 --> 1:26:45.719
<v Speaker 3>We don't rare, Yeah, but choosing a grad school track

1:26:46.120 --> 1:26:49.320
<v Speaker 3>or a grad school strategy is important. So if you

1:26:49.360 --> 1:26:52.519
<v Speaker 3>don't want to be an R one researcher, you may

1:26:52.520 --> 1:26:56.000
<v Speaker 3>not have to do the types of things that an

1:26:56.120 --> 1:26:59.400
<v Speaker 3>R one researcher is going to do during their PhD.

1:26:59.600 --> 1:27:03.080
<v Speaker 3>And so if you don't need to get all of

1:27:03.080 --> 1:27:07.400
<v Speaker 3>those NSF grants, then don't kill yourself doing it, you know. Yeah.

1:27:07.640 --> 1:27:10.600
<v Speaker 3>So Kaz also asked if it was weird to be

1:27:10.600 --> 1:27:12.360
<v Speaker 3>a twenty nine year old grad student and how you

1:27:12.400 --> 1:27:15.439
<v Speaker 3>work up the nerves to not have your voice shake.

1:27:15.680 --> 1:27:18.040
<v Speaker 2>I think those are fun questions. Those are fun questions.

1:27:18.200 --> 1:27:19.880
<v Speaker 2>It's not weird to be a twenty nine year old

1:27:19.880 --> 1:27:24.360
<v Speaker 2>grad student. We were, Yeah, yeah, it's very.

1:27:24.240 --> 1:27:26.880
<v Speaker 3>And even if you're starting out like no, there are

1:27:26.920 --> 1:27:29.439
<v Speaker 3>definitely this is still not weird. There are definitely people

1:27:29.439 --> 1:27:32.240
<v Speaker 3>that I knew that were that age or older or

1:27:32.360 --> 1:27:33.759
<v Speaker 3>when it started. For sure.

1:27:33.840 --> 1:27:37.400
<v Speaker 2>That's the great thing about grad school. It's like everyone, Yeah,

1:27:37.439 --> 1:27:39.040
<v Speaker 2>how do we not have our voice shake?

1:27:39.080 --> 1:27:39.719
<v Speaker 3>While defending?

1:27:39.880 --> 1:27:41.120
<v Speaker 2>My voice does shake?

1:27:41.320 --> 1:27:41.679
<v Speaker 3>Still?

1:27:42.040 --> 1:27:44.880
<v Speaker 2>When I mind does? When I present my key? Is

1:27:44.920 --> 1:27:48.680
<v Speaker 2>I never use the laser pointer? Yes, because then no

1:27:48.720 --> 1:27:53.040
<v Speaker 2>one can see your hands shaking. Yeah, smart pro tip.

1:27:54.000 --> 1:27:58.040
<v Speaker 3>Yep. I think that. Also, what goes through my head

1:27:58.080 --> 1:28:03.360
<v Speaker 3>frequently is something that our advisor said to us frequently

1:28:04.240 --> 1:28:06.639
<v Speaker 3>as a way to encourage us, and he's he would

1:28:06.680 --> 1:28:09.519
<v Speaker 3>always say, no one knows your research better than you do,

1:28:10.200 --> 1:28:12.920
<v Speaker 3>no one else in the world, and that was that

1:28:13.000 --> 1:28:17.120
<v Speaker 3>was a good reminder. Yeah, because when you're defending your dissertation,

1:28:17.320 --> 1:28:19.920
<v Speaker 3>you are full of like, well I was full of

1:28:19.920 --> 1:28:22.920
<v Speaker 3>self doubt. I was like, I'm probably gonna fail this whatever,

1:28:23.520 --> 1:28:27.240
<v Speaker 3>I'll be the first person and no, and it's and

1:28:27.320 --> 1:28:31.000
<v Speaker 3>so having hearing that, that little voice in my head say,

1:28:31.160 --> 1:28:33.880
<v Speaker 3>you know this, this is what you have lived the

1:28:33.960 --> 1:28:35.960
<v Speaker 3>past five six years.

1:28:36.000 --> 1:28:39.719
<v Speaker 2>So yeah, yeah, cool, okay, okay.

1:28:40.439 --> 1:28:45.719
<v Speaker 3>Shelley asked what exactly is a disease ecologist and how

1:28:45.760 --> 1:28:49.280
<v Speaker 3>do you interact with different medical professionals and scientists.

1:28:49.640 --> 1:28:52.439
<v Speaker 2>Well, I feel like you're you are a disease ecologist today,

1:28:52.439 --> 1:28:54.080
<v Speaker 2>so I feel like you should tackle this one.

1:28:54.120 --> 1:28:56.200
<v Speaker 3>Oh my gosh, I feel like I've been talking so much.

1:28:58.360 --> 1:28:59.960
<v Speaker 2>That's what we do on our podcast.

1:29:01.720 --> 1:29:06.040
<v Speaker 3>So I think in general, also, you are a disease ecologists.

1:29:06.040 --> 1:29:12.160
<v Speaker 3>This is ridiculous, but a disease ecologist is someone who

1:29:12.280 --> 1:29:17.800
<v Speaker 3>studies disease and the interaction with the environment, and that

1:29:17.880 --> 1:29:21.880
<v Speaker 3>has it's a relatively new field, it's definitely emerging, and

1:29:21.920 --> 1:29:25.520
<v Speaker 3>that for the most part has centered around infectious diseases.

1:29:26.160 --> 1:29:31.479
<v Speaker 3>So whether how climate change impacts the spread of lyme

1:29:31.560 --> 1:29:36.360
<v Speaker 3>disease would be one example of doing disease ecology. Basically,

1:29:36.400 --> 1:29:39.160
<v Speaker 3>the environment is part of the of is part of

1:29:39.160 --> 1:29:40.759
<v Speaker 3>what you're looking at in your research.

1:29:40.920 --> 1:29:43.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And I think in terms of how disease ecologists

1:29:43.960 --> 1:29:48.280
<v Speaker 2>interact with other scientists and medical professionals that one of

1:29:48.280 --> 1:29:51.280
<v Speaker 2>the cool things about disease ecology, because it's a newish field,

1:29:51.320 --> 1:29:54.160
<v Speaker 2>is that there is a lot of collaboration across disciplines.

1:29:54.520 --> 1:30:01.320
<v Speaker 2>So between epidemiologists and more microbiologists and disease ecologists, there's

1:30:01.320 --> 1:30:03.600
<v Speaker 2>a lot of room for collaboration to be able to

1:30:03.680 --> 1:30:07.560
<v Speaker 2>ask really big picture questions, which is very exciting.

1:30:08.120 --> 1:30:08.640
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

1:30:09.160 --> 1:30:12.439
<v Speaker 2>So, whether that means collaborating on big research grants where

1:30:12.439 --> 1:30:15.599
<v Speaker 2>people apply for grants like all together a whole bunch

1:30:15.640 --> 1:30:20.320
<v Speaker 2>of people, or just sharing information at what do you

1:30:20.360 --> 1:30:21.400
<v Speaker 2>call them?

1:30:25.000 --> 1:30:30.120
<v Speaker 3>Wow, Okay, you've been out of grad school too long?

1:30:30.400 --> 1:30:37.720
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, one whole year anyways, Yeah, Shrea asked, this

1:30:37.880 --> 1:30:40.479
<v Speaker 2>is fun. What would we name our quarantini bar?

1:30:42.360 --> 1:30:48.800
<v Speaker 3>Oh? Shrea? I don't know what about? I don't know.

1:30:48.920 --> 1:30:51.400
<v Speaker 3>I'm trying to think of like quippy little things, and

1:30:51.400 --> 1:30:53.040
<v Speaker 3>the only thing I can come up with is the

1:30:53.080 --> 1:30:55.000
<v Speaker 3>hot zone. But I feel like that would be.

1:30:55.800 --> 1:30:56.639
<v Speaker 2>It's been taken.

1:30:56.760 --> 1:31:04.000
<v Speaker 3>Maybe taken. Let's see, maybe BSL four.

1:31:04.479 --> 1:31:11.599
<v Speaker 2>BSL four, that's funny. Maybe can you tell who comes

1:31:11.680 --> 1:31:13.200
<v Speaker 2>up with most of our quarantine names?

1:31:13.200 --> 1:31:22.759
<v Speaker 3>Guys? If not me, huh, just containment or like, yeah,

1:31:23.120 --> 1:31:23.920
<v Speaker 3>we should work on this.

1:31:24.000 --> 1:31:26.519
<v Speaker 2>We're not opening a bar anytime soon, clearly because we

1:31:26.600 --> 1:31:27.920
<v Speaker 2>don't have a name for it. Oh.

1:31:27.960 --> 1:31:29.840
<v Speaker 3>I would love that though. That would be a fun

1:31:30.280 --> 1:31:31.160
<v Speaker 3>business adventure.

1:31:31.479 --> 1:31:33.240
<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

1:31:33.560 --> 1:31:38.559
<v Speaker 3>Right. So somebody asked, is there a biological component that

1:31:38.720 --> 1:31:41.760
<v Speaker 3>allows some people to contract disease and be able to

1:31:41.800 --> 1:31:46.880
<v Speaker 3>survive or and does a particular disease always work the

1:31:46.920 --> 1:31:50.599
<v Speaker 3>same way biologically in each person who contracts it, and

1:31:50.800 --> 1:31:54.799
<v Speaker 3>if not, why not? This is a good question.

1:31:54.920 --> 1:31:59.040
<v Speaker 2>This is a hard question because we don't really know

1:31:59.200 --> 1:32:02.360
<v Speaker 2>enough about human biology and disease to have.

1:32:02.320 --> 1:32:03.680
<v Speaker 3>A good answer for it.

1:32:05.479 --> 1:32:10.840
<v Speaker 2>There definitely are components of a human's immune system that

1:32:11.000 --> 1:32:14.360
<v Speaker 2>vary from person to person that are going to affect

1:32:15.320 --> 1:32:18.280
<v Speaker 2>whether or not you get sick. If you are exposed

1:32:18.320 --> 1:32:20.840
<v Speaker 2>to a disease, If you do get sick, how sick

1:32:20.880 --> 1:32:23.760
<v Speaker 2>are you going to get? And how likely is it

1:32:23.760 --> 1:32:25.880
<v Speaker 2>that you're going to die? So there are a lot

1:32:25.960 --> 1:32:29.559
<v Speaker 2>there is a lot of variation among people in terms

1:32:29.600 --> 1:32:34.920
<v Speaker 2>of how robust your immune response is and how likely

1:32:34.920 --> 1:32:36.719
<v Speaker 2>it is that you're going to die from a disease.

1:32:37.040 --> 1:32:39.559
<v Speaker 2>There's not like a single gene that we know of

1:32:39.680 --> 1:32:42.439
<v Speaker 2>or anything that controls all of this. It's very sort

1:32:42.479 --> 1:32:46.600
<v Speaker 2>of multifactorial. And that actually kind of plays into a

1:32:46.600 --> 1:32:48.599
<v Speaker 2>lot of question that a lot of people asked about

1:32:48.640 --> 1:32:52.519
<v Speaker 2>whether why not everyone develops immunity when you give them

1:32:52.560 --> 1:32:55.320
<v Speaker 2>a vaccine And it's just, honestly, because there's so much

1:32:55.400 --> 1:32:57.680
<v Speaker 2>variation in individual immune responses.

1:32:58.439 --> 1:33:02.759
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I feel like that's not a satisfying answer. Sorry,

1:33:03.120 --> 1:33:04.280
<v Speaker 3>Well it's better than I could do.

1:33:07.720 --> 1:33:12.960
<v Speaker 2>Okay, this one's a bit easier. Jennifer asked, what has

1:33:12.960 --> 1:33:16.599
<v Speaker 2>been our favorite course that we've taken through all of school?

1:33:18.760 --> 1:33:24.640
<v Speaker 3>Do you have a favorite? Yeah? I think I do, actually,

1:33:26.000 --> 1:33:30.360
<v Speaker 3>and it's going to sound pandering, okay, but it's the truth.

1:33:30.840 --> 1:33:34.240
<v Speaker 3>It's this course that I took in the final year

1:33:34.360 --> 1:33:38.599
<v Speaker 3>of my undergrad and I had like a space where

1:33:38.600 --> 1:33:40.760
<v Speaker 3>I needed to just put an elective or something, and

1:33:40.800 --> 1:33:42.640
<v Speaker 3>so I was like, Okay, well, let's go for a

1:33:42.680 --> 1:33:44.920
<v Speaker 3>one or two hundred level course. I don't want to

1:33:44.920 --> 1:33:50.839
<v Speaker 3>have to try too hard. And I was always interested

1:33:50.920 --> 1:33:53.920
<v Speaker 3>in history, so I just sort of skimming the course

1:33:53.960 --> 1:33:56.920
<v Speaker 3>catalog back when there were physical copies of course catalogs,

1:33:57.680 --> 1:34:00.839
<v Speaker 3>and there was a course called the Street of Science

1:34:00.880 --> 1:34:03.439
<v Speaker 3>and Technology since the Industrial Revolution.

1:34:03.880 --> 1:34:07.559
<v Speaker 2>M I've heard you mention this course, yes, And.

1:34:07.920 --> 1:34:11.599
<v Speaker 3>This course was the first time where my brain opened

1:34:11.720 --> 1:34:17.599
<v Speaker 3>up to the way that you could link these events,

1:34:17.640 --> 1:34:22.080
<v Speaker 3>these historical events and these techno technological achievements and sort

1:34:22.120 --> 1:34:26.120
<v Speaker 3>of broaden the context of your perspective of history. It's

1:34:26.160 --> 1:34:28.519
<v Speaker 3>not just about I think that the example that I

1:34:28.640 --> 1:34:30.880
<v Speaker 3>use when I when I because I thought about this

1:34:30.960 --> 1:34:33.240
<v Speaker 3>course and talked about this course a lot, and the

1:34:33.280 --> 1:34:36.240
<v Speaker 3>example that I remember for the first time my mind going,

1:34:36.479 --> 1:34:41.880
<v Speaker 3>oh my god, what is the the development of a

1:34:42.080 --> 1:34:46.040
<v Speaker 3>clock technology or keeping time technology, and how crucial that

1:34:46.280 --> 1:34:52.240
<v Speaker 3>was for navigational purposes and how that changed the entire

1:34:52.400 --> 1:34:57.240
<v Speaker 3>course of humanity. And it was it's just this. It

1:34:57.280 --> 1:34:59.639
<v Speaker 3>was this beautiful course we went all the way through.

1:34:59.640 --> 1:35:01.760
<v Speaker 3>We read the this amazing book about the Adam Baum.

1:35:01.880 --> 1:35:05.280
<v Speaker 3>I learned so much and I think very fondly. And

1:35:05.360 --> 1:35:10.880
<v Speaker 3>also this course was taught entirely on overhead projector in

1:35:11.439 --> 1:35:14.679
<v Speaker 3>two thousand and nine is when I took it. Wow

1:35:15.360 --> 1:35:18.519
<v Speaker 3>and for a course that had the history's history of

1:35:18.560 --> 1:35:25.439
<v Speaker 3>science and technology as like the title, the person who

1:35:25.520 --> 1:35:32.160
<v Speaker 3>taught it was completely technologically not very skilled. It was beautiful.

1:35:33.160 --> 1:35:34.719
<v Speaker 3>I don't know if I wonder if it's still taught.

1:35:34.720 --> 1:35:39.879
<v Speaker 3>It was at the University of Kentucky. Man, I loved it.

1:35:39.960 --> 1:35:41.040
<v Speaker 3>That's a good what about you?

1:35:41.560 --> 1:35:45.600
<v Speaker 2>Mine was, without a doubt, the ecological parasitology class that

1:35:45.640 --> 1:35:48.720
<v Speaker 2>I took. If you are a student at UCSB, go

1:35:48.880 --> 1:35:53.040
<v Speaker 2>Gaucho's absolutely you should take it. Everyone should take it.

1:35:53.040 --> 1:35:53.360
<v Speaker 3>It was.

1:35:54.000 --> 1:35:55.759
<v Speaker 2>It was a completely life changing class.

1:35:55.800 --> 1:35:56.120
<v Speaker 3>It was.

1:35:56.640 --> 1:36:01.200
<v Speaker 2>And I remember talking with Arman, who teaches or at

1:36:01.200 --> 1:36:04.240
<v Speaker 2>that time, who taught the class. He might not still,

1:36:04.280 --> 1:36:09.599
<v Speaker 2>I'm not sure, and jokingly asking him what classes of

1:36:09.640 --> 1:36:11.719
<v Speaker 2>his I should take because he taught a whole number,

1:36:11.920 --> 1:36:15.960
<v Speaker 2>and he got very very serious and said, one in

1:36:16.120 --> 1:36:20.760
<v Speaker 2>ten students' lives are changed by the parasitology class. And

1:36:20.800 --> 1:36:24.599
<v Speaker 2>I was like, Okay, that's funny, and it was totally

1:36:24.600 --> 1:36:26.400
<v Speaker 2>true for me, Like I was the one in ten.

1:36:28.520 --> 1:36:31.719
<v Speaker 2>I wonder how he gathered that statistic, but a hundred

1:36:32.040 --> 1:36:34.160
<v Speaker 2>made it up after several classes of wine.

1:36:34.360 --> 1:36:40.120
<v Speaker 3>I oh, yeah, no it was. But yeah, that was ugh.

1:36:40.800 --> 1:36:42.240
<v Speaker 2>I love that class.

1:36:43.920 --> 1:36:50.240
<v Speaker 3>Okay, So Daniella asked, what are your lab or field confessions?

1:36:50.640 --> 1:36:50.800
<v Speaker 2>So?

1:36:50.920 --> 1:36:55.240
<v Speaker 3>What are the worst, dumbest, weirdest whatever things that you

1:36:55.280 --> 1:36:59.440
<v Speaker 3>did while working in the lab or field? Oh my gosh,

1:36:59.479 --> 1:37:00.519
<v Speaker 3>where do I even begin?

1:37:00.720 --> 1:37:02.719
<v Speaker 2>I know, I feel like I did so many dumb

1:37:02.840 --> 1:37:08.240
<v Speaker 2>things that I just don't even know what could possibly

1:37:08.280 --> 1:37:09.560
<v Speaker 2>be the dumbest.

1:37:14.080 --> 1:37:23.280
<v Speaker 3>I once made. So always, during my entire career, I

1:37:23.360 --> 1:37:26.719
<v Speaker 3>have been terrified of making solutions in a lab yes,

1:37:27.280 --> 1:37:30.799
<v Speaker 3>and having to calculate molarity and having to calculate whatever

1:37:30.920 --> 1:37:35.519
<v Speaker 3>percentages and all those things scare the pants off me.

1:37:35.680 --> 1:37:40.679
<v Speaker 3>I don't like it. And so this is my way

1:37:40.680 --> 1:37:48.160
<v Speaker 3>of saying that making seventy percent ethanol was a challenge

1:37:48.240 --> 1:37:52.240
<v Speaker 3>one weekend when I was trying to do you're laughing

1:37:52.439 --> 1:37:58.639
<v Speaker 3>so harder. I was trying to do my phenal chloroform

1:37:58.720 --> 1:38:03.240
<v Speaker 3>extractions right, and those things those beasts sometimes take two

1:38:03.439 --> 1:38:07.200
<v Speaker 3>or they they take two days. And so I was

1:38:07.240 --> 1:38:09.679
<v Speaker 3>there on a weekend doing it, just trying to finish

1:38:09.800 --> 1:38:13.120
<v Speaker 3>up my stupid lab work for my PhD. And I

1:38:13.200 --> 1:38:17.080
<v Speaker 3>was like, why are the pellets disappearing? Like I'm supposed

1:38:17.080 --> 1:38:19.839
<v Speaker 3>to be just washing the pellets and cold seventy percent ethanol,

1:38:20.320 --> 1:38:26.800
<v Speaker 3>they're disappearing. I made thirty percent ethanol. So there you

1:38:26.920 --> 1:38:31.240
<v Speaker 3>have it, everyone first time admitting this.

1:38:31.479 --> 1:38:35.680
<v Speaker 2>We all do dumb things.

1:38:35.880 --> 1:38:38.320
<v Speaker 3>I was like, why is that this working? Luckily it

1:38:38.320 --> 1:38:42.080
<v Speaker 3>was only twenty four samples and they were replaceable, but oh,

1:38:42.120 --> 1:38:47.120
<v Speaker 3>I felt like such an idiot. Oh that's really I

1:38:47.160 --> 1:38:51.840
<v Speaker 3>also used to go camera trapping in Panama without cel

1:38:51.880 --> 1:38:52.519
<v Speaker 3>phone service.

1:38:52.600 --> 1:38:53.880
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's like deep.

1:38:54.000 --> 1:38:56.400
<v Speaker 3>That was insane. Yeah, yeah, that was very unsafe. I

1:38:56.439 --> 1:38:58.640
<v Speaker 3>did some very unsafe field I mean, field work is

1:38:58.640 --> 1:39:02.759
<v Speaker 3>a whole nother realm of of unsafe choices. Yeah.

1:39:02.840 --> 1:39:08.480
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, gosh, I can't even.

1:39:07.920 --> 1:39:11.400
<v Speaker 3>Think of a one good story. You just didn't You

1:39:11.439 --> 1:39:12.519
<v Speaker 3>never made any mistakes.

1:39:12.600 --> 1:39:14.840
<v Speaker 2>No, I made so many mistakes that it's just my

1:39:15.120 --> 1:39:16.360
<v Speaker 2>entire PhD.

1:39:20.680 --> 1:39:23.160
<v Speaker 3>Try to think if I was there for any of them. Yeah,

1:39:23.320 --> 1:39:25.440
<v Speaker 3>do you remember any of my dumb moments?

1:39:26.120 --> 1:39:26.320
<v Speaker 2>No?

1:39:27.360 --> 1:39:28.040
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I don't know.

1:39:28.800 --> 1:39:32.400
<v Speaker 2>I I tried and failed a lot at building things

1:39:32.439 --> 1:39:34.960
<v Speaker 2>and making things and wiring things, and.

1:39:35.000 --> 1:39:38.240
<v Speaker 3>Well that's just field work. I know, it's not exciting.

1:39:38.240 --> 1:39:41.120
<v Speaker 3>I don't have a good story. I got the truck

1:39:41.200 --> 1:39:43.360
<v Speaker 3>stuck in a field somewhere. Oh.

1:39:43.439 --> 1:39:46.120
<v Speaker 2>I did almost drive off the side of the road

1:39:46.120 --> 1:39:47.400
<v Speaker 2>into someone's house one time.

1:39:48.160 --> 1:39:51.040
<v Speaker 3>Oh, and I didn't know that. Yeah, it was a

1:39:51.120 --> 1:39:52.120
<v Speaker 3>very narrow road.

1:39:53.080 --> 1:39:57.160
<v Speaker 2>And actually twice once I almost hit someone's house and

1:39:57.200 --> 1:39:58.760
<v Speaker 2>that would have been really bad. The other time it

1:39:58.800 --> 1:40:01.200
<v Speaker 2>was just almost stuck in a real, really deep ditch

1:40:01.280 --> 1:40:01.800
<v Speaker 2>that I was like.

1:40:01.920 --> 1:40:05.280
<v Speaker 3>Oh, oh, dear, surprised ditches.

1:40:05.479 --> 1:40:08.000
<v Speaker 2>And I didn't know how to turn on the four

1:40:08.000 --> 1:40:11.080
<v Speaker 2>wheel drive, like how to actually engage it with those

1:40:11.360 --> 1:40:13.240
<v Speaker 2>locking things on the wheels.

1:40:13.479 --> 1:40:14.880
<v Speaker 3>It was the old, an old truck.

1:40:15.120 --> 1:40:20.240
<v Speaker 2>Yes, yeah, yeah, anyways, good times. Let's move on. So,

1:40:20.360 --> 1:40:25.080
<v Speaker 2>speaking of our lab and field work, tell me about

1:40:25.080 --> 1:40:26.840
<v Speaker 2>your PhD work.

1:40:26.960 --> 1:40:33.559
<v Speaker 3>Erin, I researched tickborne disease in Panama. So my interests

1:40:33.600 --> 1:40:38.960
<v Speaker 3>were in how the density of infected ticks changed throughout

1:40:39.000 --> 1:40:44.519
<v Speaker 3>the year and also across Panama, mainly looking at where

1:40:44.520 --> 1:40:47.599
<v Speaker 3>the Panama Canal is and so along the Panama Canal

1:40:47.800 --> 1:40:52.680
<v Speaker 3>there's this steep precipitation gradient. So at the north end

1:40:52.720 --> 1:40:56.960
<v Speaker 3>of the canal, which is on the Caribbean on the

1:40:57.120 --> 1:40:59.559
<v Speaker 3>Atlantic Ocean, you get a ton more rainfall than you

1:40:59.600 --> 1:41:02.120
<v Speaker 3>do on the Pacific end, which is on the southern end,

1:41:03.000 --> 1:41:05.759
<v Speaker 3>And there's like not very much space. It's like seventy

1:41:05.920 --> 1:41:09.400
<v Speaker 3>kilometers or something like that, Like it's very very short distance.

1:41:10.280 --> 1:41:14.639
<v Speaker 3>But because of that, these environmental changes across this area,

1:41:14.840 --> 1:41:18.120
<v Speaker 3>you get a lot of different changes in forest structure,

1:41:18.360 --> 1:41:22.240
<v Speaker 3>in daily humidity values and temperature and things like that,

1:41:23.120 --> 1:41:26.439
<v Speaker 3>And so I wanted to investigate how that impacted the

1:41:27.040 --> 1:41:31.360
<v Speaker 3>species that were living there when they were present during

1:41:31.680 --> 1:41:35.840
<v Speaker 3>the year, and then also what pathogens they carried. And

1:41:36.240 --> 1:41:38.439
<v Speaker 3>so to answer all of these questions, I also had

1:41:38.439 --> 1:41:41.240
<v Speaker 3>to say, okay, well what are the animal hosts that

1:41:41.280 --> 1:41:46.960
<v Speaker 3>are there? And so my fieldwork involved collecting ticks across

1:41:47.160 --> 1:41:52.400
<v Speaker 3>the Panama isthmus for every week and then also setting

1:41:52.479 --> 1:41:56.439
<v Speaker 3>up camera traps to see what animals were around, which

1:41:56.520 --> 1:41:59.320
<v Speaker 3>was super fun. I think my favorite part just hiking

1:41:59.360 --> 1:42:04.439
<v Speaker 3>around and then doing tick survival experiments. So how well

1:42:04.439 --> 1:42:11.040
<v Speaker 3>dos do different tick species survive under different environmental conditions? Yeah,

1:42:11.439 --> 1:42:13.320
<v Speaker 3>what about you? Aaron what did you do for your PhD?

1:42:13.600 --> 1:42:18.439
<v Speaker 2>I did my PhD on shaugust disease. So shaugus is

1:42:18.439 --> 1:42:22.040
<v Speaker 2>a disease will definitely cover at some point. It's a

1:42:22.080 --> 1:42:25.120
<v Speaker 2>disease that it's caused by a parasite and it's transmitted

1:42:25.160 --> 1:42:29.320
<v Speaker 2>by these bugs called kissing bugs, which are true bugs.

1:42:31.040 --> 1:42:34.920
<v Speaker 2>And no, no one need cares about entomology.

1:42:37.400 --> 1:42:38.640
<v Speaker 3>Your NERD is showing I know.

1:42:39.200 --> 1:42:41.920
<v Speaker 2>So I was working also in Panama, and so I

1:42:42.000 --> 1:42:44.720
<v Speaker 2>was interested in both the ecology and the epidemiology of

1:42:44.760 --> 1:42:50.479
<v Speaker 2>shaugust disease, specifically looking at how risk factors vary for

1:42:50.600 --> 1:42:52.920
<v Speaker 2>shaugust disease transmission across an.

1:42:52.880 --> 1:42:54.040
<v Speaker 3>Urban to rural gradient.

1:42:54.200 --> 1:42:57.439
<v Speaker 2>So all of my fieldwork was unlike Eron's, which was

1:42:57.479 --> 1:43:01.760
<v Speaker 2>in deep deep forest, mine was in people houses and backyards.

1:43:02.200 --> 1:43:06.200
<v Speaker 2>So I went door to door doing surveys and having

1:43:06.240 --> 1:43:09.040
<v Speaker 2>people collect bugs that they found in their houses for

1:43:09.160 --> 1:43:13.559
<v Speaker 2>me to then look at what was different among these

1:43:13.560 --> 1:43:17.639
<v Speaker 2>houses across these land use gradients, to see what kinds

1:43:17.680 --> 1:43:20.240
<v Speaker 2>of things might be driving bugs two people's houses, and

1:43:20.280 --> 1:43:22.439
<v Speaker 2>what kinds of communities might be more at risk or

1:43:22.520 --> 1:43:25.479
<v Speaker 2>less at risk for coming into contact with these bugs.

1:43:25.880 --> 1:43:28.559
<v Speaker 2>And then also looking at what percentages of these bugs

1:43:28.720 --> 1:43:32.760
<v Speaker 2>might be infected with the shawgus parasite versus uninfected and

1:43:32.800 --> 1:43:38.040
<v Speaker 2>things like that. So yeah, yeah.

1:43:37.439 --> 1:43:38.320
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, that's fun.

1:43:38.479 --> 1:43:40.240
<v Speaker 2>That's our that was our research.

1:43:40.560 --> 1:43:44.439
<v Speaker 3>Did you get like a wave of anxiety from talking about.

1:43:45.520 --> 1:43:48.720
<v Speaker 2>Maybe just a small one? Just makes me realize how

1:43:48.720 --> 1:43:50.800
<v Speaker 2>many papers I need to work on.

1:43:51.160 --> 1:43:53.960
<v Speaker 3>Oh my gosh, I haven't touch don't even remind me.

1:43:54.200 --> 1:43:59.040
<v Speaker 2>That's anyways, Shall we move on to our last question?

1:43:59.320 --> 1:44:03.240
<v Speaker 3>Our last question? Ah? Yeah, okay, this is a really

1:44:03.280 --> 1:44:03.840
<v Speaker 3>cute question.

1:44:03.920 --> 1:44:06.160
<v Speaker 2>We actually got this from a number of different people

1:44:07.000 --> 1:44:09.080
<v Speaker 2>that I'm gonna I'll read their names, but first I'll

1:44:09.120 --> 1:44:14.439
<v Speaker 2>read this specific email because it's so adorable. So this

1:44:14.560 --> 1:44:18.120
<v Speaker 2>email is from Stephanie, who wrote, my twelve year old daughter,

1:44:18.200 --> 1:44:21.240
<v Speaker 2>Georgia would like y'all to know that she loves your

1:44:21.240 --> 1:44:23.679
<v Speaker 2>podcast and is learning a lot you guys. We love

1:44:23.760 --> 1:44:26.719
<v Speaker 2>that you listen to this with your kids. That's thrilling.

1:44:27.160 --> 1:44:31.320
<v Speaker 3>I had no idea and it's amazing. It's amazing.

1:44:31.720 --> 1:44:35.080
<v Speaker 2>Okay, So she writes, at the end of most episodes,

1:44:35.120 --> 1:44:37.320
<v Speaker 2>you talk about how worried we should be about the

1:44:37.360 --> 1:44:41.479
<v Speaker 2>disease that we're talking about. So Georgia would like to know,

1:44:41.720 --> 1:44:44.640
<v Speaker 2>out of the diseases that we've covered, which should we

1:44:44.720 --> 1:44:47.680
<v Speaker 2>be the most worried about? And we got a very

1:44:47.680 --> 1:44:52.320
<v Speaker 2>similar question from also Tricia and her ten year old Poppy.

1:44:52.880 --> 1:44:54.360
<v Speaker 3>Hi, Poppy, Hi, Tricia.

1:44:54.280 --> 1:45:01.439
<v Speaker 2>Hi, Jenny, Julia, another Aaron karenoid je Ica. A bunch

1:45:01.439 --> 1:45:04.759
<v Speaker 2>of people want to know what disease scares us the most?

1:45:07.080 --> 1:45:11.920
<v Speaker 3>Ah, so Georgia, everyone great question of.

1:45:11.800 --> 1:45:15.320
<v Speaker 2>The diseases that we've covered, That's an easy one for me.

1:45:16.200 --> 1:45:18.000
<v Speaker 3>I think can I guess yours? Because I think it's

1:45:18.040 --> 1:45:24.400
<v Speaker 3>mine too. Yeah, Influenza on, Yes, yes, influenza, So tell me,

1:45:24.680 --> 1:45:27.000
<v Speaker 3>tell me why why are you the most scared or

1:45:27.040 --> 1:45:28.960
<v Speaker 3>why should we be? Why should we be the most

1:45:28.960 --> 1:45:34.040
<v Speaker 3>scared of influenza? Without completely going doing the entire influenza

1:45:34.080 --> 1:45:35.000
<v Speaker 3>episode again.

1:45:36.120 --> 1:45:40.960
<v Speaker 2>Yes, uh. Influenza is a virus that just can mutate

1:45:41.200 --> 1:45:46.840
<v Speaker 2>so rapidly, can change and infect so many different animals,

1:45:46.960 --> 1:45:51.840
<v Speaker 2>and then undergo these massive rearrangements that make it really

1:45:51.880 --> 1:45:55.080
<v Speaker 2>difficult for us to mount a good immune response because

1:45:55.080 --> 1:45:59.960
<v Speaker 2>there are so so many different strains, so many different

1:46:00.120 --> 1:46:03.040
<v Speaker 2>versions of this virus floating around out there, and new

1:46:03.080 --> 1:46:08.880
<v Speaker 2>ones constantly being evolved, and it is a much gnarlier

1:46:10.040 --> 1:46:12.160
<v Speaker 2>pathogen than a lot of people give it credit for.

1:46:12.320 --> 1:46:15.960
<v Speaker 2>It really does cause a large amount of what we

1:46:16.040 --> 1:46:20.960
<v Speaker 2>call morbidity, so getting sick and mortality, dying, and then

1:46:21.040 --> 1:46:25.519
<v Speaker 2>makes you susceptible because it, you know, blasts you, makes

1:46:25.520 --> 1:46:28.559
<v Speaker 2>you really sick, so then you when you're sick, you're

1:46:29.000 --> 1:46:33.960
<v Speaker 2>more susceptible to other infections. So that is I think

1:46:34.000 --> 1:46:36.840
<v Speaker 2>why it's so scary. It's both that it does make

1:46:36.880 --> 1:46:40.120
<v Speaker 2>you very sick and it can kill you, and it's

1:46:40.200 --> 1:46:42.920
<v Speaker 2>really hard for us to develop a vaccine against. It's

1:46:42.960 --> 1:46:45.559
<v Speaker 2>really hard for us to fight it off with our

1:46:45.560 --> 1:46:51.280
<v Speaker 2>immune system. And it spreads airborne, so it's everywhere, and.

1:46:51.280 --> 1:46:57.680
<v Speaker 3>It spreads before you show symptoms exactly. It's terrifying, and

1:46:57.760 --> 1:47:01.479
<v Speaker 3>people don't take it seriously. Think that that's one of

1:47:01.560 --> 1:47:04.920
<v Speaker 3>the things that I hear most often with people. If

1:47:04.960 --> 1:47:08.120
<v Speaker 3>I'm start striking up a conversation about the vaccines and

1:47:08.520 --> 1:47:11.160
<v Speaker 3>vaccine hesitancy, a lot of people are like, oh, well,

1:47:11.280 --> 1:47:14.000
<v Speaker 3>vaccines are great, but the flu shot, I mean, that's

1:47:14.240 --> 1:47:17.599
<v Speaker 3>no flu. The flu shot is a vaccine, and as

1:47:17.640 --> 1:47:22.720
<v Speaker 3>we discussed on the Vaccine episode, it does reduce the

1:47:22.760 --> 1:47:24.960
<v Speaker 3>time that you spend in a hospital it reduces the

1:47:25.080 --> 1:47:27.400
<v Speaker 3>risk that you would even go into the hospital, and

1:47:27.439 --> 1:47:29.400
<v Speaker 3>so it's sort of seen as like, oh, well, I

1:47:29.400 --> 1:47:30.960
<v Speaker 3>got the flu, I'm going to be out for a

1:47:30.960 --> 1:47:35.360
<v Speaker 3>couple of days, when it's it really I mean, it

1:47:35.439 --> 1:47:39.920
<v Speaker 3>is greatly underestimated, and everyone should pick up one of

1:47:39.960 --> 1:47:42.880
<v Speaker 3>the either flu by Gina Colada or The Great Influenza

1:47:42.960 --> 1:47:48.960
<v Speaker 3>by John Berry to remind yourselves just how bad this

1:47:49.680 --> 1:47:53.960
<v Speaker 3>pathogen is. And I mean there are things that are

1:47:54.680 --> 1:48:00.080
<v Speaker 3>in researching it, things like Preon's, things like MRSA that

1:48:00.120 --> 1:48:04.040
<v Speaker 3>are a lot that are terrifying to me. But influenza

1:48:04.240 --> 1:48:06.720
<v Speaker 3>is the is the one, is the one that I

1:48:06.720 --> 1:48:10.880
<v Speaker 3>think is the most realistic for causing, for leading to

1:48:10.920 --> 1:48:15.320
<v Speaker 3>another pandemic. H We are not equipped, I agree, and

1:48:15.400 --> 1:48:21.519
<v Speaker 3>maybe we could never be equipped, right, great question, Great question.

1:48:21.800 --> 1:48:26.200
<v Speaker 3>Thank you Georgia and everyone else for that question, and

1:48:26.200 --> 1:48:29.880
<v Speaker 3>and also thank you to every single person who wrote in.

1:48:30.040 --> 1:48:32.960
<v Speaker 3>I think that this is already a very long episode

1:48:32.960 --> 1:48:36.240
<v Speaker 3>and I think we have to to stop here, but

1:48:36.240 --> 1:48:39.040
<v Speaker 3>but we loved reading through them, and maybe we'll do

1:48:39.080 --> 1:48:42.080
<v Speaker 3>a second round of this. Yeah, that would be super fun.

1:48:42.320 --> 1:48:45.200
<v Speaker 2>There we got so many good questions, and we're sorry

1:48:45.240 --> 1:48:49.040
<v Speaker 2>that we can't answer every single one, but we did

1:48:49.200 --> 1:48:53.120
<v Speaker 2>enjoy reading every single one, for what that's worth. So

1:48:53.200 --> 1:48:55.679
<v Speaker 2>thank you for writing to us.

1:48:55.880 --> 1:48:59.800
<v Speaker 3>Everyone who wrote in had some beautiful, very nice, kind

1:49:00.040 --> 1:49:02.760
<v Speaker 3>sweet thing to say, and it was just it was

1:49:02.760 --> 1:49:07.080
<v Speaker 3>a joy and so so as I said, so surreal. Yeah,

1:49:07.160 --> 1:49:10.479
<v Speaker 3>what you want to know these things about us? You

1:49:10.520 --> 1:49:12.120
<v Speaker 3>want to know what kind of cereal we would be?

1:49:13.000 --> 1:49:14.400
<v Speaker 2>Oh, we didn't answer that question.

1:49:14.600 --> 1:49:17.280
<v Speaker 3>We didn't answer that question. I would be crackling Oat brand.

1:49:17.920 --> 1:49:20.280
<v Speaker 2>Of course you would be crackling Oat brand.

1:49:24.560 --> 1:49:25.320
<v Speaker 3>It's so good.

1:49:26.520 --> 1:49:30.400
<v Speaker 2>I love cereal too much to pick a crunch.

1:49:30.600 --> 1:49:31.680
<v Speaker 3>Oh my god, do you know that?

1:49:31.680 --> 1:49:34.639
<v Speaker 2>That's the first one I thought of? But I have

1:49:34.720 --> 1:49:38.200
<v Speaker 2>no reason why. It's not my favorite cereal.

1:49:39.000 --> 1:49:40.840
<v Speaker 3>I know, but that's that's what you'd be.

1:49:46.240 --> 1:49:48.320
<v Speaker 2>That's the first cereal that came to mind.

1:49:48.360 --> 1:49:51.800
<v Speaker 3>And how is it that that's the same one that

1:49:53.360 --> 1:49:57.479
<v Speaker 3>it's brainwaves. It's brainwaves. They're traveling long distances, but they're

1:49:57.520 --> 1:49:58.120
<v Speaker 3>still working.

1:49:58.360 --> 1:50:01.920
<v Speaker 2>That is the most it's not even my favorite cereal.

1:50:02.680 --> 1:50:07.160
<v Speaker 2>Oh that's my favorite. Okay, and episode's over. Thanks everyone,

1:50:07.560 --> 1:50:07.960
<v Speaker 2>Thank you.

1:50:09.760 --> 1:50:17.040
<v Speaker 3>We really cannot end on a higher note. Actually, no, okay, well,

1:50:19.320 --> 1:50:24.439
<v Speaker 3>thank you again to everyone. Who wrote in, and also

1:50:24.800 --> 1:50:29.759
<v Speaker 3>everyone listening now and any other time and forever forever,

1:50:31.160 --> 1:50:34.080
<v Speaker 3>and thank you to Bloodmobile for providing the music for

1:50:34.160 --> 1:50:36.080
<v Speaker 3>this episode in all of our episodes

1:50:37.160 --> 1:50:42.680
<v Speaker 2>And until next time, wash your hands you filed the

1:50:42.800 --> 1:51:01.560
<v Speaker 2>Animals U