1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:27,560 Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of iHeartRadio. Welcome back to 2 00:00:27,600 --> 00:00:30,880 Speaker 1: the show, fellow Ridiculous Historians. Thank you, as always so 3 00:00:31,120 --> 00:00:34,320 Speaker 1: much for tuning it. Let's hear it for the Man, 4 00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:39,600 Speaker 1: the Myth, the Demi God, our super producer, mister Max Williams. 5 00:00:40,640 --> 00:00:44,519 Speaker 2: Max Kroutman Williams, Max Kroudrock Williams. 6 00:00:44,600 --> 00:00:47,559 Speaker 1: There we go, and those funds are coming to us 7 00:00:47,560 --> 00:00:50,480 Speaker 1: from none other than the one and only mister Noel 8 00:00:50,600 --> 00:00:51,760 Speaker 1: Brown right. 9 00:00:51,800 --> 00:00:54,080 Speaker 2: Noel croud Rock Brown Right. 10 00:00:54,360 --> 00:00:56,640 Speaker 1: They call me Ben Bullen for tax. 11 00:00:56,400 --> 00:01:02,560 Speaker 2: Purpose, Croudrock Bully. If anybody think I'm being slurry. Kroud 12 00:01:02,640 --> 00:01:05,880 Speaker 2: rock is a widely accepted genre of music. 13 00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:06,760 Speaker 1: It's a real thing. 14 00:01:07,240 --> 00:01:10,120 Speaker 2: It's a real thing, like the band can or Noy. 15 00:01:10,880 --> 00:01:13,959 Speaker 2: A lot of they use what Alex Williams often loves 16 00:01:13,959 --> 00:01:18,720 Speaker 2: to refer to as motoric beats, very repetitive and kind 17 00:01:18,760 --> 00:01:22,600 Speaker 2: of trancy, really really great stuff, huge can fam Yeah, 18 00:01:22,800 --> 00:01:24,720 Speaker 2: the encounter what. 19 00:01:24,600 --> 00:01:28,320 Speaker 1: I would call similar to semantic satiation, a kind of 20 00:01:28,400 --> 00:01:31,679 Speaker 1: rhythmic satiation. It'g strd to get lost in the beat. 21 00:01:32,200 --> 00:01:35,800 Speaker 1: We're not talking about kroud rock today. We are talking 22 00:01:35,840 --> 00:01:38,880 Speaker 1: about sour kraut, but perhaps not in the way you 23 00:01:39,160 --> 00:01:44,199 Speaker 1: imagine this is one. In our continuing conversation with Souf 24 00:01:44,319 --> 00:01:49,640 Speaker 1: John Stevens, we are so close to doing one episode 25 00:01:50,160 --> 00:01:53,720 Speaker 1: of at least one episode about every state in the 26 00:01:53,880 --> 00:01:55,760 Speaker 1: United States of America. 27 00:01:55,960 --> 00:01:57,880 Speaker 2: I thought we'd done done that. Okay, I guess we're 28 00:01:57,920 --> 00:01:58,720 Speaker 2: not yet. 29 00:01:59,080 --> 00:02:02,040 Speaker 1: We're very first. Where As the first for North Dakota, 30 00:02:02,080 --> 00:02:05,279 Speaker 1: there's pen ultimates one. This is the second to last. 31 00:02:05,320 --> 00:02:10,120 Speaker 2: We have one left. And what is it? Oh no, okay, yeah, 32 00:02:10,160 --> 00:02:13,560 Speaker 2: I don't know the answer, so we'll be surprised together. 33 00:02:20,600 --> 00:02:24,880 Speaker 1: So our second to last one is North Dakota. Uh, 34 00:02:25,080 --> 00:02:29,120 Speaker 1: most of us in the audience tonight, statistically speaking, have 35 00:02:29,240 --> 00:02:34,280 Speaker 1: not visited North Dakota. It is one of the most 36 00:02:34,800 --> 00:02:39,359 Speaker 1: sparsely populated states in the Union County in Alaska. 37 00:02:39,560 --> 00:02:40,600 Speaker 2: Is that where Fargo is? 38 00:02:41,360 --> 00:02:43,640 Speaker 1: Fargo is in North. 39 00:02:43,440 --> 00:02:48,080 Speaker 2: Dakota, okay, okay. Famously depicted in the Coen Brothers film 40 00:02:48,120 --> 00:02:50,200 Speaker 2: of the same name, where everyone talks like they're from 41 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:55,880 Speaker 2: Minnesota because it was the closest accents, most recognizable and 42 00:02:56,040 --> 00:02:58,240 Speaker 2: quirky accent that they could they could come up with. Yeah, 43 00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:01,079 Speaker 2: which great, Yeah, people don't really talk that in North Dakota. 44 00:03:01,639 --> 00:03:07,079 Speaker 1: Phenomenal phenomenal series yeah, for the for the few series 45 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:11,919 Speaker 1: is living North Dakota. In's in the crowd tonight you 46 00:03:11,960 --> 00:03:15,760 Speaker 1: should you already know Fargo is by far the most 47 00:03:15,760 --> 00:03:17,720 Speaker 1: populous city in North. 48 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:21,120 Speaker 2: Dakota, and justin I have been just to give us. 49 00:03:21,160 --> 00:03:25,160 Speaker 1: All a sense of how how few people were talking 50 00:03:25,200 --> 00:03:31,400 Speaker 1: about the population of Fargo was estimated to be a 51 00:03:31,560 --> 00:03:34,920 Speaker 1: little bit north of one hundred and thirty six thousand 52 00:03:35,160 --> 00:03:36,880 Speaker 1: in twenty twenty four. 53 00:03:37,720 --> 00:03:40,800 Speaker 2: Okay, watch out for wood shippers, That's all I'll say about. 54 00:03:40,840 --> 00:03:43,760 Speaker 1: Sure, yeah, and watch out for you know if in 55 00:03:43,800 --> 00:03:46,240 Speaker 1: the if you're in a Fargo series and you meet 56 00:03:46,320 --> 00:03:49,760 Speaker 1: anybody who looks remotely like Billy Bob Thornton, do not 57 00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:55,200 Speaker 1: trust them. Cass right, man, what North Dakota. So we 58 00:03:55,240 --> 00:03:58,680 Speaker 1: said what we say, a little bit, a little bit 59 00:03:58,720 --> 00:04:02,520 Speaker 1: south of one hundred and forty thousand for Fargo. This 60 00:04:02,720 --> 00:04:06,160 Speaker 1: is the thing I almost say country. It is a 61 00:04:06,240 --> 00:04:11,960 Speaker 1: land to itself. The population of the state entire as 62 00:04:12,160 --> 00:04:17,000 Speaker 1: of last year was still less than eight hundred thousand people. 63 00:04:17,120 --> 00:04:20,400 Speaker 1: And it's a very big place. It's a place that 64 00:04:20,520 --> 00:04:27,039 Speaker 1: often gets ignored in a lot of conversations. Here's how 65 00:04:27,080 --> 00:04:32,040 Speaker 1: we get to today's episode. Our North Dakota episode courtesy 66 00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:38,600 Speaker 1: of our research associate Max Williams, because of racism, paranoia, 67 00:04:39,640 --> 00:04:43,440 Speaker 1: and as Max puts it, an able supply of fermented cabbage, 68 00:04:43,480 --> 00:04:48,560 Speaker 1: which we'll get to. Or the German originated homesteaders of Hebron, 69 00:04:48,720 --> 00:04:54,239 Speaker 1: North Dakota have brought us this episode about the thirty 70 00:04:54,400 --> 00:04:57,320 Speaker 1: ninth state in the country. 71 00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:01,200 Speaker 2: They brought it to us in a series of Mason jars. 72 00:05:01,360 --> 00:05:05,680 Speaker 1: Right, just like Alex Williams, and is infamous homage to 73 00:05:05,839 --> 00:05:12,159 Speaker 1: George Washington's nog so all right, nog and crowd noging 74 00:05:12,279 --> 00:05:16,440 Speaker 1: krout classic Alex. So if we go to our friends 75 00:05:16,440 --> 00:05:21,880 Speaker 1: at Britannica, we'll see that Europeans are largely acknowledged to 76 00:05:22,080 --> 00:05:24,960 Speaker 1: have reached the territory of what we call present day 77 00:05:25,040 --> 00:05:29,279 Speaker 1: North Dakota in the mid seventeen hundreds. That might surprise 78 00:05:29,320 --> 00:05:32,400 Speaker 1: some people because it's pretty far west. But when they 79 00:05:32,440 --> 00:05:37,479 Speaker 1: went there, this place was already around. It was already 80 00:05:37,720 --> 00:05:43,600 Speaker 1: well populated by various indigenous or tribes or first peoples. 81 00:05:43,720 --> 00:05:48,039 Speaker 1: The Mandon, the Hidasa, the Arakawa were settled along the 82 00:05:48,040 --> 00:05:48,880 Speaker 1: Missouri River. 83 00:05:49,320 --> 00:05:52,839 Speaker 2: The Ojibwa, who were locally referred to as the Chippewa 84 00:05:53,040 --> 00:05:57,880 Speaker 2: or Anishinabe as well as the Cree, not to be 85 00:05:58,000 --> 00:06:02,160 Speaker 2: confused with the the adverse serial race of aliens from 86 00:06:02,640 --> 00:06:03,480 Speaker 2: the Marvel Universe. 87 00:06:03,720 --> 00:06:07,080 Speaker 1: Right yeah, and are they adversarial or are they looking 88 00:06:07,120 --> 00:06:08,040 Speaker 1: out for themselves? 89 00:06:08,279 --> 00:06:08,559 Speaker 3: Oh? 90 00:06:08,880 --> 00:06:10,720 Speaker 2: Good car? Are they the ones from the Secret War? 91 00:06:10,920 --> 00:06:11,359 Speaker 2: The Creed? 92 00:06:11,960 --> 00:06:17,560 Speaker 1: There are? The three are a famous cosmic cosmic empire 93 00:06:17,839 --> 00:06:19,880 Speaker 1: in the Marvel Universe. 94 00:06:20,000 --> 00:06:23,200 Speaker 2: I just remember them from the Guardians of the Galaxy. 95 00:06:23,320 --> 00:06:26,960 Speaker 1: Yes, yeah, and there they were sort of coded as 96 00:06:28,279 --> 00:06:31,680 Speaker 1: fundamentalist or religious extremist, like. 97 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:35,960 Speaker 2: Bor they want to assimilate. They were very aggressive conquerors 98 00:06:36,040 --> 00:06:36,600 Speaker 2: kind of right. 99 00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:39,000 Speaker 1: Well, the thing that bothered me about the way the 100 00:06:39,120 --> 00:06:42,599 Speaker 1: Kreer represents did not intend for this to happen today, 101 00:06:43,240 --> 00:06:47,080 Speaker 1: we're all The way the Cree are represented in the 102 00:06:47,120 --> 00:06:51,680 Speaker 1: Guardians of the Galaxy is problematic because one of the 103 00:06:51,800 --> 00:06:56,680 Speaker 1: prime antagonists, a guy named Ronan the Accuser. Uh you'll 104 00:06:56,680 --> 00:07:01,440 Speaker 1: see leap is, yes, you'll an actor. You will see 105 00:07:01,960 --> 00:07:06,440 Speaker 1: him being prepared for his day as a villain in 106 00:07:06,480 --> 00:07:10,240 Speaker 1: a way that is a very similar to the way 107 00:07:11,400 --> 00:07:15,840 Speaker 1: the royalty in Gulf countries are are dressed up for 108 00:07:15,920 --> 00:07:19,520 Speaker 1: the day like people. He has attendants who are perfuming 109 00:07:19,640 --> 00:07:30,120 Speaker 1: him and putting yeah, yeah, yeah, they are. They are 110 00:07:30,200 --> 00:07:32,600 Speaker 1: for there's a better word for it, but they are 111 00:07:33,160 --> 00:07:36,840 Speaker 1: baptizing him a little bit in precious oils and sprayed 112 00:07:36,880 --> 00:07:42,080 Speaker 1: aromatics and powders support him anyway. The cree Are decree 113 00:07:42,280 --> 00:07:46,160 Speaker 1: in Marvel Covicdom is not what we're talking about there. 114 00:07:46,880 --> 00:07:49,120 Speaker 2: It's not. But that was a very respectable aside. 115 00:07:49,360 --> 00:07:52,840 Speaker 1: If it's a phenomenal franchise to please check it out 116 00:07:52,880 --> 00:07:56,600 Speaker 1: if you haven't had a chance to watch. Alongside these 117 00:07:56,640 --> 00:08:00,880 Speaker 1: groups we've named earlier, there were other civilizations groups of Sioux, 118 00:08:01,080 --> 00:08:07,240 Speaker 1: the Sinebon, the Yanktoneton, the Teton. They inhabited areas in 119 00:08:07,280 --> 00:08:11,240 Speaker 1: the north, southeast and west of this region. Again we're 120 00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:19,720 Speaker 1: getting that from Britannica. The first encounters were largely meet 121 00:08:19,720 --> 00:08:25,560 Speaker 1: and greets, mercantile things, French Canadian fur traders, and then 122 00:08:25,880 --> 00:08:30,800 Speaker 1: folks like Lewis and Clark. They passed through what would 123 00:08:30,800 --> 00:08:33,600 Speaker 1: become Dakota in eighteen oh four. 124 00:08:33,960 --> 00:08:35,720 Speaker 2: Oh and if you I think we mentioned before, if 125 00:08:35,760 --> 00:08:38,560 Speaker 2: you want to fun sci fi spin on that, do 126 00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:41,280 Speaker 2: check out Manifest Destiny, the comic book series. 127 00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:43,560 Speaker 1: Oh yes, man, I love that. Have you checked that 128 00:08:43,600 --> 00:08:43,960 Speaker 1: one out? 129 00:08:44,160 --> 00:08:46,319 Speaker 2: I've only read the first handful of issues, but I 130 00:08:46,640 --> 00:08:48,160 Speaker 2: need to get back to it. It's very very cool. 131 00:08:48,360 --> 00:08:51,160 Speaker 1: It's so cool. Do check it out, and remember it's 132 00:08:51,200 --> 00:08:54,240 Speaker 1: a work of fiction, but it is very loosely based 133 00:08:54,240 --> 00:08:55,080 Speaker 1: on fact, and. 134 00:08:55,160 --> 00:08:57,960 Speaker 2: It's commenting on a lot of the things that we're 135 00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:00,320 Speaker 2: talking about right here in terms of the like the 136 00:09:00,360 --> 00:09:02,040 Speaker 2: ick of it all very much so. 137 00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:06,880 Speaker 1: And as the story goes, our pals Lewis and Clark 138 00:09:07,400 --> 00:09:13,280 Speaker 1: are really impressed with how friendly the locals are. They 139 00:09:13,440 --> 00:09:18,640 Speaker 1: end up constructing Fort Mandan a n d An pardon 140 00:09:18,720 --> 00:09:23,040 Speaker 1: any accidental Mandarin on my part, and there they spent 141 00:09:23,120 --> 00:09:27,240 Speaker 1: the winter of eighteen oh four to eighteen oh five. 142 00:09:28,840 --> 00:09:33,400 Speaker 1: But manifest destiny, to your point, Noel was very much 143 00:09:33,559 --> 00:09:39,280 Speaker 1: a priority of the American experiment, So these newly minted 144 00:09:39,320 --> 00:09:46,440 Speaker 1: Americans started getting more and more into the territory. They 145 00:09:46,480 --> 00:09:50,720 Speaker 1: were invaders who called themselves settlers. If that sounds familiar, 146 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:51,560 Speaker 1: yeah it does. 147 00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:54,079 Speaker 2: And we're not here to rag on the conquering Europeans 148 00:09:54,120 --> 00:09:55,959 Speaker 2: too too much, but I mean it's hard to talk 149 00:09:56,000 --> 00:09:58,160 Speaker 2: about it without at least giving it a mention. I know, 150 00:09:58,240 --> 00:10:00,959 Speaker 2: people give us flax some time, a being like, oh, 151 00:10:01,040 --> 00:10:03,480 Speaker 2: back in the day, things are so problematic. Well they were, 152 00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:04,760 Speaker 2: they were, but that's. 153 00:10:04,640 --> 00:10:09,440 Speaker 1: Not what we're Everybody smelled bad. Disease was rampant, people 154 00:10:09,480 --> 00:10:13,320 Speaker 1: with hungry. Your favorite beat me here, Max, your favorite 155 00:10:13,920 --> 00:10:17,520 Speaker 1: world leaders got punked by groups of rabbits. Okay, that's 156 00:10:17,520 --> 00:10:18,360 Speaker 1: how history is. 157 00:10:18,920 --> 00:10:22,200 Speaker 2: I know, and and and I know how history repeats itself. 158 00:10:22,280 --> 00:10:24,720 Speaker 3: Yeah, to jump in here, future historians are probably gonna 159 00:10:24,720 --> 00:10:26,800 Speaker 3: be talking about these current times like that as well. 160 00:10:27,120 --> 00:10:29,560 Speaker 3: Oh yeah, somebody off me saying that. 161 00:10:29,840 --> 00:10:32,640 Speaker 1: I don't know. I don't know. I mean, I hear 162 00:10:32,720 --> 00:10:35,040 Speaker 1: that people have feelings, but I'm not familiar with that 163 00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:38,560 Speaker 1: on a personal level. We know that. Look, we know 164 00:10:38,720 --> 00:10:41,600 Speaker 1: that again, as you were saying, old tale as old 165 00:10:41,640 --> 00:10:47,199 Speaker 1: as time. These new invasions or these new encroaching populations 166 00:10:47,360 --> 00:10:52,600 Speaker 1: bring in new culture. They bring in unfamiliar technology, unfamiliar 167 00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:57,200 Speaker 1: diseases and vices. When the eighteen twenties and the eighteen thirties, 168 00:10:57,559 --> 00:11:03,920 Speaker 1: these American traders t r a d Ers are bringing 169 00:11:04,000 --> 00:11:08,360 Speaker 1: in guns, kettles, manufactured goods like axes, blankets. They're also 170 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:13,600 Speaker 1: bringing manufactured goods like liquor, and they're accidentally bringing things 171 00:11:14,120 --> 00:11:14,920 Speaker 1: like disease. 172 00:11:15,720 --> 00:11:20,160 Speaker 2: Yeah. Yeah, accidentally, for sure, but also you know the 173 00:11:20,840 --> 00:11:24,160 Speaker 2: old theory, there's that, for sure, but at the very 174 00:11:24,240 --> 00:11:29,400 Speaker 2: least not really given to flips about who would get 175 00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:32,480 Speaker 2: hurt by their presence and behavior. 176 00:11:32,480 --> 00:11:36,679 Speaker 1: Right because for the most part, outside of a few missionaries, 177 00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:42,560 Speaker 1: these folks aren't thinking of the existing population as fellow 178 00:11:42,760 --> 00:11:48,320 Speaker 1: human beings. And there's an economic sea change, a paradigm shift. 179 00:11:48,600 --> 00:11:53,240 Speaker 1: Native Americans become dependent upon these traders in their trade 180 00:11:53,280 --> 00:11:58,679 Speaker 1: networks for supplies, and in the process of exposure to disease, 181 00:11:58,840 --> 00:12:02,840 Speaker 1: exposure to hard alcohol, things like that, a lot of 182 00:12:02,960 --> 00:12:07,439 Speaker 1: people who are totally innocent die. The smallpox epidemic in 183 00:12:07,600 --> 00:12:12,160 Speaker 1: eighteen thirty seven, just this initial exposure reduced the Mandan 184 00:12:12,280 --> 00:12:16,920 Speaker 1: population of North Dakota from about eighteen hundred to one 185 00:12:17,040 --> 00:12:19,640 Speaker 1: hundred and twenty five in less than a year, in 186 00:12:19,800 --> 00:12:24,079 Speaker 1: just a few months. And these folks who were previously 187 00:12:25,320 --> 00:12:28,040 Speaker 1: you know it, lived there for thousands of years. These 188 00:12:28,080 --> 00:12:32,760 Speaker 1: folks previously welcomed newcomers, but they began to grow more 189 00:12:32,840 --> 00:12:36,320 Speaker 1: hostile when they said, hey, maybe the new guys don't 190 00:12:36,360 --> 00:12:40,679 Speaker 1: have our best interest at heart, maybe their vibe is 191 00:12:40,840 --> 00:12:47,600 Speaker 1: fake or manufactured. And steamboat traffic increases because gold is 192 00:12:47,679 --> 00:12:51,600 Speaker 1: discovered in Montana in eighteen sixty two, and so the 193 00:12:51,720 --> 00:12:56,120 Speaker 1: US Army, again still kind of newly minted, starts building 194 00:12:56,200 --> 00:13:00,240 Speaker 1: forts along the river to protect these resources, that's right. 195 00:13:00,320 --> 00:13:03,000 Speaker 2: And in eighteen seventy six, Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer, 196 00:13:03,080 --> 00:13:07,520 Speaker 2: who you may have heard of, along with the seventh Cavalry, 197 00:13:08,760 --> 00:13:13,000 Speaker 2: set out from Fort Abraham Lincoln just a little bit 198 00:13:13,080 --> 00:13:17,720 Speaker 2: south of present day Mandan. And this is again coming 199 00:13:17,760 --> 00:13:21,959 Speaker 2: from our pals over a Britannica. I'm paraphrasing loosely here, 200 00:13:22,920 --> 00:13:25,960 Speaker 2: So in order to set out for a very very 201 00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:29,760 Speaker 2: very fortuitous encounter with the Sioux and the Cheyenne at 202 00:13:29,800 --> 00:13:33,840 Speaker 2: a pretty famous altercation called the Battle of Little Bighorn 203 00:13:35,240 --> 00:13:38,080 Speaker 2: be one of my favorite oxymorons, by the way, which 204 00:13:38,080 --> 00:13:39,400 Speaker 2: was fought in present day Montana. 205 00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:44,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, and as we know, things didn't work out for George, 206 00:13:44,880 --> 00:13:48,720 Speaker 1: but one dead colonel doesn't stop the show, and it 207 00:13:48,800 --> 00:13:53,600 Speaker 1: definitely never stopped Uncle Sam. So the westward expansion continues. 208 00:13:54,080 --> 00:13:58,839 Speaker 1: The fur trade is starting to decline by the eighteen sixties, 209 00:13:59,040 --> 00:14:02,800 Speaker 1: you know, well, for the Fateful days of Custer and 210 00:14:03,120 --> 00:14:08,040 Speaker 1: Anglo's settlement begins in earnest in eighteen seventy one, partially 211 00:14:08,120 --> 00:14:11,439 Speaker 1: due to the fact that railroads have reached the Red 212 00:14:11,559 --> 00:14:15,959 Speaker 1: River from Saint Paul and Duluth, Minnesota. So we get 213 00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:19,920 Speaker 1: a bunch of pioneers who are not rich people, but 214 00:14:20,200 --> 00:14:25,640 Speaker 1: they have been favored by this new growing government under 215 00:14:25,680 --> 00:14:29,800 Speaker 1: something called the Homestead Act of eighteen sixty two. So 216 00:14:29,880 --> 00:14:33,480 Speaker 1: they show up en Mass and they say, hey, you know, 217 00:14:33,560 --> 00:14:37,280 Speaker 1: the folks back east said that this land is my land, this. 218 00:14:37,320 --> 00:14:40,160 Speaker 2: Little bit of a land your land. Right. 219 00:14:40,400 --> 00:14:43,960 Speaker 1: We're farming wheat here, and this is where we go 220 00:14:44,040 --> 00:14:48,400 Speaker 1: to something historians called the Dakota Boom. From eighteen seventy 221 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:53,960 Speaker 1: eight to eighteen eighty six, giant farms or are running 222 00:14:54,000 --> 00:15:00,120 Speaker 1: across the land North Dakota. Wheat became the primary a 223 00:15:00,240 --> 00:15:05,320 Speaker 1: mover for the milling industry of Minneapolis, Minnesota. 224 00:15:05,400 --> 00:15:08,480 Speaker 2: I'm picturing one of those progress montages from movies where 225 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:11,000 Speaker 2: it's just like a fast motion animation of like dip dip, dip, 226 00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:12,800 Speaker 2: dip dip, deep dip di just popping up all over 227 00:15:12,840 --> 00:15:15,400 Speaker 2: the landscape, you know, farms and wheat fields. 228 00:15:15,560 --> 00:15:18,720 Speaker 1: I'm picturing, Yeah, I'm picturing similar to that when you 229 00:15:19,040 --> 00:15:22,680 Speaker 1: when you make a world wonder in the Civilization game series. 230 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:26,240 Speaker 1: You get that quick montage of people building the pyramid 231 00:15:26,280 --> 00:15:26,680 Speaker 1: or whatever. 232 00:15:26,880 --> 00:15:27,160 Speaker 2: Nice. 233 00:15:27,320 --> 00:15:30,720 Speaker 1: Yeah, but now it's just people farming in North Dakota 234 00:15:31,080 --> 00:15:37,560 Speaker 1: and railways, of course being built. The railways are government supported, 235 00:15:37,720 --> 00:15:41,640 Speaker 1: private interests with a lot of corruption, but they are 236 00:15:41,680 --> 00:15:45,120 Speaker 1: not friends. So the Northern Pacific and the Great Northern 237 00:15:45,240 --> 00:15:49,240 Speaker 1: Railway for in for instance, they're Pepsi and Coke. There 238 00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:52,520 Speaker 1: are two companies that are very similar but hate each other. 239 00:15:52,920 --> 00:15:58,480 Speaker 1: So they were fighting with one another to lay track 240 00:15:58,680 --> 00:16:04,680 Speaker 1: towards the richest centers. The farmers were united by their 241 00:16:04,720 --> 00:16:08,680 Speaker 1: dependence on the wheat crop and this led to just 242 00:16:08,720 --> 00:16:11,880 Speaker 1: a side note here, what we call the populist movement. 243 00:16:12,240 --> 00:16:17,040 Speaker 1: It's not until eighteen sixty one that the Dakota Territory 244 00:16:17,480 --> 00:16:22,240 Speaker 1: is established, and then it gets divided in eighteen eighty 245 00:16:22,360 --> 00:16:26,640 Speaker 1: nine to North and South Dakota. In that same year, 246 00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:32,520 Speaker 1: this former territory that is now two states, gets official 247 00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:36,200 Speaker 1: recognition and becomes part of the Union. It's November two, 248 00:16:36,680 --> 00:16:40,560 Speaker 1: eighteen eighty nine. Congratulations to you guys. 249 00:16:40,400 --> 00:16:43,800 Speaker 2: Good job, good, Yes, you did it. You did something. 250 00:16:44,200 --> 00:16:46,000 Speaker 2: That's right, you did do something. Then it was something, 251 00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:54,920 Speaker 2: all right. So now that we've set the scene. Let's 252 00:16:54,920 --> 00:16:57,360 Speaker 2: talk a little bit about the panic. You know, we 253 00:16:57,440 --> 00:17:00,960 Speaker 2: love a moral panic bend that led to the crowd. 254 00:17:01,520 --> 00:17:05,400 Speaker 1: Ah. Yes, And to get to this part of the story, 255 00:17:05,520 --> 00:17:08,920 Speaker 1: we're going to lean on our pal Mary Helm from 256 00:17:09,200 --> 00:17:13,639 Speaker 1: Prairie Public Newsroom, a subsidiary of PBS. I don't know 257 00:17:13,680 --> 00:17:15,920 Speaker 1: about you, guys, but I'm a fan of Public. 258 00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:18,320 Speaker 2: Broadcasting also known as Prairie Mary. 259 00:17:19,200 --> 00:17:20,639 Speaker 1: That ravery Mary Helm. 260 00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:24,080 Speaker 2: It's fun. Yeah, No, huge, huge PBS fans over here. 261 00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:26,760 Speaker 2: And I think didn't we just discuss that there was 262 00:17:26,800 --> 00:17:29,760 Speaker 2: a court decision that overturned the defunding. 263 00:17:30,280 --> 00:17:32,320 Speaker 1: We haven't talked about it, but yes, the news just 264 00:17:32,359 --> 00:17:32,760 Speaker 1: came out. 265 00:17:33,080 --> 00:17:35,560 Speaker 2: I would say, that's so. We talked about it on 266 00:17:36,320 --> 00:17:38,240 Speaker 2: stuff they don't want you to know, strange news. 267 00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:40,080 Speaker 1: Last time we were Ah, you got to take the 268 00:17:40,119 --> 00:17:41,280 Speaker 1: winds where you can get them. 269 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:43,680 Speaker 2: You know, truly do man, you truly do so. The 270 00:17:43,760 --> 00:17:50,360 Speaker 2: Dakota Territory Indian Wars ended when Sitting Bull surrendered at 271 00:17:50,400 --> 00:17:53,400 Speaker 2: Fort Buford in eighteen seventy five, and that is when 272 00:17:53,480 --> 00:17:58,000 Speaker 2: the tribes were essentially, you know, kicked off their land 273 00:17:58,080 --> 00:18:03,560 Speaker 2: officially and placed in reservations, which is basically the also 274 00:18:03,680 --> 00:18:07,280 Speaker 2: ran land, the land that you know, the settlers didn't want. 275 00:18:08,280 --> 00:18:11,600 Speaker 2: Also areas where wild game that they relied on, of 276 00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:14,360 Speaker 2: course for their way of life as hunter gatherers had 277 00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:18,600 Speaker 2: been hunted to near extinction. Not good. 278 00:18:18,920 --> 00:18:22,080 Speaker 1: Yeah, this did not end well obviously. 279 00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:24,120 Speaker 2: The this is trail of tears, right. 280 00:18:25,200 --> 00:18:30,000 Speaker 1: This is similar to those systemic extermination programs. There's no 281 00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:34,080 Speaker 1: reason to call them anything else. The US government promised 282 00:18:34,240 --> 00:18:39,359 Speaker 1: these again innocent people, rations and supplies, but the Bureau 283 00:18:39,600 --> 00:18:45,320 Speaker 1: of Indian Affairs was Russian level corrupt, so we don't 284 00:18:45,359 --> 00:18:48,840 Speaker 1: know if these items actually made it to the reservations. 285 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:53,080 Speaker 1: If they did, they were remnants because so many people 286 00:18:53,119 --> 00:18:56,399 Speaker 1: were taking their little vigoroush on the path from east 287 00:18:56,440 --> 00:18:59,680 Speaker 1: to west. By eighteen ninety, as a result of this, 288 00:19:00,280 --> 00:19:04,240 Speaker 1: there was I get a little choked up talking about this. 289 00:19:04,320 --> 00:19:05,520 Speaker 2: There was a. 290 00:19:05,640 --> 00:19:10,360 Speaker 1: Human created famine. This did not have to happen, but 291 00:19:10,480 --> 00:19:16,359 Speaker 1: due to Uncle Sam's actions, there was widespread starvation on reservations, 292 00:19:16,680 --> 00:19:20,040 Speaker 1: where again, as you said, the Native American populations were 293 00:19:20,080 --> 00:19:23,320 Speaker 1: pushed under threat of torture and death. This where we 294 00:19:23,359 --> 00:19:28,280 Speaker 1: see folks like the Payuti Wovoca who proclaimed that hey, 295 00:19:29,320 --> 00:19:33,880 Speaker 1: we were here first, we can arise. We can lean 296 00:19:34,119 --> 00:19:37,399 Speaker 1: on our old traditions. We have been here for thousands 297 00:19:37,400 --> 00:19:41,879 Speaker 1: of years. We can conduct a great ritual called the 298 00:19:42,040 --> 00:19:48,159 Speaker 1: Ghost Dance, and people traveled from Indian communities in the 299 00:19:48,240 --> 00:19:52,679 Speaker 1: Dakota Territory to learn more. This movement is peaceful, to 300 00:19:52,720 --> 00:19:57,320 Speaker 1: be clear, It's not like a religious fundamentalist thing. The 301 00:19:57,400 --> 00:20:01,199 Speaker 1: idea is that the Ghost Dance promises a Messiah and 302 00:20:01,280 --> 00:20:05,879 Speaker 1: a return of the Buffalo through songs, dances, and visions. 303 00:20:06,280 --> 00:20:08,959 Speaker 1: This did get politically weaponized. We also have to keep 304 00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:11,560 Speaker 1: in mind that the buffalo was almost driven extinct by 305 00:20:13,200 --> 00:20:14,520 Speaker 1: the European powers at the. 306 00:20:14,440 --> 00:20:19,360 Speaker 2: Time over hunting and without any sense of the continuum, 307 00:20:19,560 --> 00:20:21,560 Speaker 2: you know, of the ecosystem, and of course the First 308 00:20:21,640 --> 00:20:25,080 Speaker 2: nation folks were very aware of and we're just the 309 00:20:25,119 --> 00:20:27,320 Speaker 2: conservation was sort of part of the equation as far 310 00:20:27,320 --> 00:20:29,280 Speaker 2: as they were concerned. But then you have these forces 311 00:20:29,320 --> 00:20:32,280 Speaker 2: coming in from outside, not thinking about the big picture 312 00:20:32,320 --> 00:20:34,919 Speaker 2: at all. Surprise, surprise, and just kind of willy nilly, 313 00:20:35,680 --> 00:20:39,840 Speaker 2: you know, hunting as they saw fit, without any forward thinking, 314 00:20:40,080 --> 00:20:43,720 Speaker 2: you know, plans for how that would affect others or 315 00:20:43,720 --> 00:20:44,800 Speaker 2: even themselves. 316 00:20:45,600 --> 00:20:48,960 Speaker 1: Yeah, and some of the we could call them activists, 317 00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:52,080 Speaker 1: Some of the people were a little bit more militant 318 00:20:52,520 --> 00:20:58,159 Speaker 1: and saw the ghost Dance as as a threat to 319 00:20:58,480 --> 00:21:04,000 Speaker 1: the increasingly normalize European culture, right, a threat to take 320 00:21:04,119 --> 00:21:08,000 Speaker 1: back all those lands that were, we'll be honest, stolen 321 00:21:08,119 --> 00:21:12,919 Speaker 1: from them. And as a result, journalists latch onto this 322 00:21:13,440 --> 00:21:17,520 Speaker 1: European journalist and they say the ghost Dance is reaching 323 00:21:17,680 --> 00:21:22,879 Speaker 1: Standing Rock. There's a Standing Rock agent named James McLaughlin 324 00:21:23,080 --> 00:21:28,960 Speaker 1: who assures settlers everything's under control. These newspaper stories are rumors, 325 00:21:29,119 --> 00:21:33,879 Speaker 1: but by November fifteenth, rumors had Mandan, which at this 326 00:21:33,960 --> 00:21:38,680 Speaker 1: point was a town sixty miles east of Aribron, North Dakota, 327 00:21:38,720 --> 00:21:42,520 Speaker 1: where a story takes place. The rumors in November fifteenth 328 00:21:42,720 --> 00:21:45,840 Speaker 1: had people in a widespread panic. We're talking women and 329 00:21:45,920 --> 00:21:51,080 Speaker 1: children fleeing across the river to Bismarck. Volunteer militias springing 330 00:21:51,160 --> 00:21:54,119 Speaker 1: up to fight for our land, and news spreads to 331 00:21:54,240 --> 00:21:59,159 Speaker 1: other towns in the areas. People who are in political 332 00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:04,600 Speaker 1: office or people who are good faith authorities of law 333 00:22:04,920 --> 00:22:09,919 Speaker 1: are trying to protect friendly tribes from random violence. You know. 334 00:22:09,960 --> 00:22:15,560 Speaker 1: It's it's very troublingly similar in some ways to the 335 00:22:15,600 --> 00:22:20,399 Speaker 1: great discrimination against people of the Islamic Faith Post nine 336 00:22:20,440 --> 00:22:25,920 Speaker 1: to eleven. You know, where we saw people getting beat 337 00:22:26,000 --> 00:22:30,800 Speaker 1: up and assaulted just because they go to a mosque. 338 00:22:30,680 --> 00:22:32,800 Speaker 2: Right or even you know, for praying in public or 339 00:22:32,800 --> 00:22:36,520 Speaker 2: what have you like, that that very innocuous and sacred 340 00:22:36,880 --> 00:22:43,080 Speaker 2: activity was associated with violence because of you know, bad 341 00:22:43,160 --> 00:22:47,040 Speaker 2: faith reporting. Frankly, you know, and and and and folks 342 00:22:47,040 --> 00:22:50,280 Speaker 2: that were going out of their way to connect that 343 00:22:50,440 --> 00:22:53,199 Speaker 2: type of thing, like the idea of Allah akbar, you know, 344 00:22:53,359 --> 00:22:57,280 Speaker 2: with terrorist activities very similar here. This is a religious, 345 00:22:57,720 --> 00:23:02,040 Speaker 2: peaceful religious practice, this ghost dance, and it seems that 346 00:23:02,160 --> 00:23:07,560 Speaker 2: it was painted as some sort of warring ritual or 347 00:23:07,560 --> 00:23:08,960 Speaker 2: something like that, right. 348 00:23:08,840 --> 00:23:12,199 Speaker 1: Right, It was propagandized. Yeah, and we can see this 349 00:23:12,520 --> 00:23:15,840 Speaker 1: in books like the Indian Scare of eighteen ninety by 350 00:23:16,240 --> 00:23:20,080 Speaker 1: father Lewis Faller, who writes, quote, one of the most 351 00:23:20,200 --> 00:23:23,080 Speaker 1: unique of the stories coming out of the Scare was 352 00:23:23,119 --> 00:23:27,359 Speaker 1: that of Hebron and its famous Fort souer Kraut. So 353 00:23:27,400 --> 00:23:33,360 Speaker 1: as soon as Hebron starts to panic around November seventeenth, 354 00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:37,600 Speaker 1: thanks to telegraph warnings about the ghost dance movement and passage, 355 00:23:38,200 --> 00:23:41,280 Speaker 1: a bunch of young guys in the area jump on 356 00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:45,240 Speaker 1: their horses they ride across the prairie. In their minds, 357 00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:48,800 Speaker 1: they're like Paul Revere. They're warning settlers, but this time 358 00:23:48,840 --> 00:23:51,600 Speaker 1: it's the Indians, not the British, who are coming. And 359 00:23:52,080 --> 00:23:56,920 Speaker 1: Fuller says, look, these wagons rattle over rough terrain toward Hebron. 360 00:23:57,080 --> 00:23:59,760 Speaker 1: One guy was in such haste that he went several 361 00:23:59,800 --> 00:24:03,840 Speaker 1: miles before he discovered his family. Bounced out of the wagon. 362 00:24:04,280 --> 00:24:07,720 Speaker 2: Great, great, shut up, Okay, bounce right on out of 363 00:24:07,720 --> 00:24:12,960 Speaker 2: the wagon. I think I heard mention of Fort Sauerkraut. 364 00:24:13,240 --> 00:24:17,199 Speaker 1: Ah. Yes, yeah, let's explain that, all right, let's go 365 00:24:17,280 --> 00:24:20,800 Speaker 1: to Atlas Obscure. Courtesy of the journalist Ian. 366 00:24:20,840 --> 00:24:25,040 Speaker 2: Lefkowitz Lefkowitz Rights. In late November eighteen ninety, the town 367 00:24:25,080 --> 00:24:28,560 Speaker 2: of Hebron, North Dakota, was not yet a decade old, 368 00:24:28,640 --> 00:24:31,800 Speaker 2: and yet it was seized by fear. Rumors had been 369 00:24:31,800 --> 00:24:35,800 Speaker 2: spreading across the region that a group of hostile Lakota 370 00:24:35,880 --> 00:24:39,560 Speaker 2: people had fled the Standing Rock Reservation to the south 371 00:24:39,600 --> 00:24:42,600 Speaker 2: and were attacking towns on their way. When the mostly 372 00:24:42,680 --> 00:24:46,399 Speaker 2: German homesteaders who lived in Hebron received telegram warnings of 373 00:24:46,440 --> 00:24:49,639 Speaker 2: an impending attack, they were gripped with terror. 374 00:24:50,560 --> 00:24:54,040 Speaker 1: Right yeah, because they were functioning under what we call 375 00:24:54,240 --> 00:24:59,960 Speaker 1: information a symmetry. They did not again think of indigital 376 00:25:00,359 --> 00:25:04,000 Speaker 1: or native peoples as people. They thought of them as 377 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:10,040 Speaker 1: somehow monstrous or subhuman, despite the fact that clearly the 378 00:25:10,280 --> 00:25:14,280 Speaker 1: Europeans were the aggressors and all these conflicts. So these 379 00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:18,520 Speaker 1: German homesteaders send women and children to Bismarck and they 380 00:25:18,640 --> 00:25:24,000 Speaker 1: rush to build a fort to protect themselves. However, these 381 00:25:24,119 --> 00:25:28,920 Speaker 1: are generally going to be agrarian populations, right, These are 382 00:25:28,960 --> 00:25:32,560 Speaker 1: not military populations, so they don't have a ton of 383 00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:36,440 Speaker 1: the supplies that you would ordinarily need when constructing a fort. 384 00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:40,479 Speaker 1: They have to get creative with their fort construction. They 385 00:25:40,520 --> 00:25:42,760 Speaker 1: have to maguiver it a little bit. So what they 386 00:25:42,800 --> 00:25:46,960 Speaker 1: do is, since they don't have lumber and they don't 387 00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:51,320 Speaker 1: have guns, they create essentially a makeshift shelter on the 388 00:25:51,480 --> 00:25:54,399 Speaker 1: tallest hilltop they can find, and they use saw it 389 00:25:54,840 --> 00:25:58,879 Speaker 1: for walls, these railroad ties for a roof. They shelter 390 00:25:59,080 --> 00:26:02,480 Speaker 1: in place, they bunker down. This fort is one hundred 391 00:26:02,520 --> 00:26:06,480 Speaker 1: feet long, seven feet high, and it is stocked with 392 00:26:06,680 --> 00:26:11,600 Speaker 1: the other stuff that they have in abundance, which is frankly, 393 00:26:11,840 --> 00:26:16,840 Speaker 1: kegs of sour kraut. 394 00:26:20,119 --> 00:26:23,080 Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean it's a similar story to what we hear. Oftentimes, 395 00:26:23,359 --> 00:26:29,800 Speaker 2: the way kind of culturally significant food stuffs are created 396 00:26:29,960 --> 00:26:33,240 Speaker 2: is usually out of necessity, fermenting things to keep them 397 00:26:33,240 --> 00:26:36,400 Speaker 2: from going bad. Stuff like that. And that's exactly what's 398 00:26:36,440 --> 00:26:39,960 Speaker 2: going on here, because we have these barrels of sauer kraut, 399 00:26:39,960 --> 00:26:42,840 Speaker 2: which is a way of preserving the copious amounts of 400 00:26:42,920 --> 00:26:45,040 Speaker 2: cabbage that they had and keep them from spoiling. 401 00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:50,159 Speaker 1: Yeah, and brief aside about sauer kraut for anybody who's 402 00:26:50,280 --> 00:26:55,800 Speaker 1: not aware, sauer kraut is the German word for sour cabbage. 403 00:26:55,880 --> 00:26:59,840 Speaker 1: It is, as you said, no fermented to finely cut 404 00:27:00,200 --> 00:27:05,480 Speaker 1: raw white cabbage. It has a couple of different spins 405 00:27:05,720 --> 00:27:08,400 Speaker 1: you can put on it, but the sour flavor is 406 00:27:08,520 --> 00:27:13,280 Speaker 1: due to the fermenting bacteria and the lactic acid that 407 00:27:13,359 --> 00:27:15,920 Speaker 1: it forms. A side note, if you want to cook 408 00:27:15,960 --> 00:27:19,440 Speaker 1: cabbage for yourself at home, folks, make sure to get 409 00:27:19,440 --> 00:27:22,480 Speaker 1: some caraway seeds. That's going to help with the smell. 410 00:27:22,720 --> 00:27:25,560 Speaker 2: Is that right? Yeah? Oh wow, what a cool kitchen hack. 411 00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:27,320 Speaker 2: I didn't know about that. Man, I've never messed with 412 00:27:27,320 --> 00:27:30,439 Speaker 2: a caraway seed before. Well, have you messed with the 413 00:27:30,520 --> 00:27:33,320 Speaker 2: sour krout. I do you know, it's not my favorite 414 00:27:33,320 --> 00:27:35,320 Speaker 2: thing in the whole white world. I do like it 415 00:27:35,320 --> 00:27:38,520 Speaker 2: on a dog. It's like it's like a relish. I 416 00:27:38,600 --> 00:27:40,520 Speaker 2: like it as a condiment. I certainly wouldn't like eat 417 00:27:40,560 --> 00:27:41,919 Speaker 2: it on its own, but I think of it as 418 00:27:41,920 --> 00:27:44,520 Speaker 2: a bit of a condiment. Our buddy Frank, friend of 419 00:27:44,520 --> 00:27:47,679 Speaker 2: the show, when we used to live together back in 420 00:27:47,720 --> 00:27:50,119 Speaker 2: the day, he would make his own crowd. He was 421 00:27:50,119 --> 00:27:51,760 Speaker 2: a huge fan of the crowd, and he would just 422 00:27:51,760 --> 00:27:54,600 Speaker 2: eat that stuff, you know by the Fistfiicazell. 423 00:27:54,760 --> 00:27:59,359 Speaker 1: Yeah, it's something in the eyes so actly. So. The 424 00:27:59,600 --> 00:28:04,639 Speaker 1: Manda Pioneer publishes this account on November thirtieth of the 425 00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:09,159 Speaker 1: same year about a guy named doctor Coe Coe visiting 426 00:28:09,840 --> 00:28:12,919 Speaker 1: the fort, and he says, look, these folks are showing 427 00:28:12,960 --> 00:28:17,199 Speaker 1: a vast amount of pluck and energy preparing against the 428 00:28:17,240 --> 00:28:22,199 Speaker 1: possible danger from an attack Fort Sauerkraut, as we're calling it. 429 00:28:22,440 --> 00:28:25,360 Speaker 1: Their first line of defense was a bunch of wires. 430 00:28:25,760 --> 00:28:28,640 Speaker 1: They were strung to trip enemies who might be sneaking 431 00:28:28,720 --> 00:28:33,600 Speaker 1: around in the dark during a new moon. And inside 432 00:28:33,640 --> 00:28:38,360 Speaker 1: that there was a five strand barbed wire fence, and 433 00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:42,960 Speaker 1: then there were rifle pits, which are kind of like 434 00:28:43,040 --> 00:28:49,160 Speaker 1: the underground version of siege windows on a castle, where 435 00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:52,880 Speaker 1: it's narrow enough that you can shoot an arrow without 436 00:28:52,880 --> 00:28:56,120 Speaker 1: maybe getting shot yourself. So these rifle pits connect to 437 00:28:56,280 --> 00:29:00,000 Speaker 1: underground tunnels that lead to the inside of the fort, 438 00:29:00,520 --> 00:29:04,960 Speaker 1: and the sawed walls are you know, stretching hundreds of 439 00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:10,440 Speaker 1: feet across. Inside there we have the actual fortification, one 440 00:29:10,520 --> 00:29:13,120 Speaker 1: hundred feet long, gate feet deep. This is to house 441 00:29:13,160 --> 00:29:16,160 Speaker 1: the women and children who didn't get away. 442 00:29:16,720 --> 00:29:20,560 Speaker 2: Yeah, and as our buddy Max points out, history it 443 00:29:20,680 --> 00:29:23,120 Speaker 2: often leaves some things up to the imagination because it's 444 00:29:23,120 --> 00:29:26,200 Speaker 2: not always one hundred percent accurate. And typically the version 445 00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:29,080 Speaker 2: of events that we get are you know, reported by 446 00:29:29,080 --> 00:29:32,440 Speaker 2: the victors or you know, folks in power, often with 447 00:29:32,560 --> 00:29:34,360 Speaker 2: political motivations. 448 00:29:34,520 --> 00:29:37,600 Speaker 1: Right, aren't all the women and children sent to Bismarck? 449 00:29:38,120 --> 00:29:41,240 Speaker 1: Why why do we have this fortification to protect them? 450 00:29:41,720 --> 00:29:46,160 Speaker 2: For sure? And speaking of fifth figures of authority telling 451 00:29:46,200 --> 00:29:49,960 Speaker 2: the tale, we've got this this religious figure, father Foller, 452 00:29:50,320 --> 00:29:52,960 Speaker 2: who was writing. One day, the Scouts were aroused by 453 00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:57,080 Speaker 2: an ominous cloud of dust, which sent the people scurrying 454 00:29:57,120 --> 00:29:59,520 Speaker 2: to the fort. Alarm grew when they could see the 455 00:29:59,600 --> 00:30:05,280 Speaker 2: cloud razors were Indians bedecked in feathers. Fortunately, Swensen, which 456 00:30:05,320 --> 00:30:09,120 Speaker 2: is a fantastic name, recognized them as friendly Indians from 457 00:30:09,120 --> 00:30:13,320 Speaker 2: the Fort Berthold Reservation, probably gross venturos under sitting Owl. 458 00:30:13,680 --> 00:30:16,360 Speaker 2: The visiting Indians put the beleaguered settlers at ease by 459 00:30:16,440 --> 00:30:19,840 Speaker 2: volunteering to help them fight the Sioux and mingled freely 460 00:30:20,040 --> 00:30:22,240 Speaker 2: with the fort builders. 461 00:30:21,840 --> 00:30:26,000 Speaker 1: Right, which is a great observation from old father Foller. 462 00:30:26,080 --> 00:30:30,440 Speaker 1: There because a lot of people got caught up in 463 00:30:30,680 --> 00:30:35,600 Speaker 1: this anti native propaganda and they forgot that these are 464 00:30:35,760 --> 00:30:40,960 Speaker 1: very complex, very long lived communities who are not monolithic. 465 00:30:41,440 --> 00:30:45,560 Speaker 1: They don't all like each other. So maybe our pals 466 00:30:45,560 --> 00:30:49,320 Speaker 1: who are under sitting Owl already we're looking for a 467 00:30:49,360 --> 00:30:52,640 Speaker 1: reason to hate the Sioux, you know what I mean? 468 00:30:53,280 --> 00:30:56,720 Speaker 1: An enemy of my enemy is my friend, at least temporarily. 469 00:30:57,160 --> 00:31:01,440 Speaker 1: And so for weeks on end, these groups were preparing 470 00:31:01,800 --> 00:31:07,680 Speaker 1: for this supposedly impending doom, right, this inescapable danger. At 471 00:31:07,800 --> 00:31:12,000 Speaker 1: night in the evening, the townspeople hunkered down inside the 472 00:31:12,080 --> 00:31:16,400 Speaker 1: local church, But the attacks that they were convinced were 473 00:31:16,440 --> 00:31:22,200 Speaker 1: on the way never actually happened. Instead, they spent months 474 00:31:22,240 --> 00:31:27,800 Speaker 1: and months in fear and Eventually they realized that they 475 00:31:28,200 --> 00:31:29,840 Speaker 1: had been hoaxed. 476 00:31:30,520 --> 00:31:35,080 Speaker 2: So the ghost dance movement that created this satanic panic 477 00:31:36,120 --> 00:31:43,600 Speaker 2: was officially and tragically annihilated at the Wounded Knee massacre. Yeah. 478 00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:47,680 Speaker 1: Yeah, And as our pel Max points out, this is 479 00:31:47,760 --> 00:31:52,240 Speaker 1: dark but also souerkrap which I would I would argue 480 00:31:52,360 --> 00:31:55,920 Speaker 1: in responses a bit of a struggle food itself. 481 00:31:56,320 --> 00:31:58,280 Speaker 2: No, it's true, it's a little darker than maybe one 482 00:31:58,360 --> 00:32:01,760 Speaker 2: might expect an episode about a delightful condiment. 483 00:32:03,160 --> 00:32:03,360 Speaker 1: Yeah. 484 00:32:03,400 --> 00:32:05,120 Speaker 3: That that statement right there with more of me just 485 00:32:05,120 --> 00:32:07,360 Speaker 3: standing out loud. How I'm like, oh, for souerkraut, this 486 00:32:07,360 --> 00:32:08,160 Speaker 3: sounds interesting. 487 00:32:08,400 --> 00:32:09,640 Speaker 1: Are you a sower crowd guy? 488 00:32:10,600 --> 00:32:11,719 Speaker 2: Uh? Precondition? 489 00:32:11,880 --> 00:32:15,440 Speaker 1: Yes, uh pre cond You can't have toer craft because 490 00:32:15,440 --> 00:32:16,000 Speaker 1: of the condition. 491 00:32:16,640 --> 00:32:20,320 Speaker 3: Oh yeah, it's the whole aging and brining it. 492 00:32:20,440 --> 00:32:22,280 Speaker 2: Now that that's. 493 00:32:22,480 --> 00:32:24,400 Speaker 1: One day, we're going to do an episode on like 494 00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:26,200 Speaker 1: the Three Things You Can Eat, Max. 495 00:32:26,600 --> 00:32:30,600 Speaker 3: Uh, my brother wants to do a chronic hives podcast. 496 00:32:32,680 --> 00:32:33,600 Speaker 2: It's very niche. 497 00:32:33,760 --> 00:32:38,680 Speaker 1: That is alex fullyam circumposer for for this. For this show, 498 00:32:39,280 --> 00:32:41,840 Speaker 1: we do want to take it to the present because 499 00:32:41,880 --> 00:32:44,360 Speaker 1: it is informed by the past. If you go to 500 00:32:44,440 --> 00:32:47,920 Speaker 1: the town that we're mentioning here, you'll see it is 501 00:32:47,960 --> 00:32:51,480 Speaker 1: still alive and well, if you go to hebron nd 502 00:32:51,760 --> 00:32:55,280 Speaker 1: dot org and get in pardon my pronunciation, you'll see 503 00:32:55,360 --> 00:32:59,760 Speaker 1: it is calling itself the Brick City. A perfect typical 504 00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:04,400 Speaker 1: old town US, A rich in amenities, a location convenient 505 00:33:04,480 --> 00:33:10,160 Speaker 1: to larger cities like Bismarck and Dickinson. So they're fine. 506 00:33:10,320 --> 00:33:13,560 Speaker 1: It's rural. It's about two miles from Interstate ninety four. 507 00:33:14,200 --> 00:33:18,040 Speaker 1: It's on the Old Red Ten Old ten Scenic Byway. 508 00:33:19,080 --> 00:33:22,360 Speaker 2: And love it, you know it, well, know it? 509 00:33:22,400 --> 00:33:25,720 Speaker 1: Well, yeah, where would we be without it? The original 510 00:33:25,800 --> 00:33:29,360 Speaker 1: fort is obviously not there anymore, but you can visit 511 00:33:29,520 --> 00:33:33,920 Speaker 1: a recreation of the fort to day. And we love 512 00:33:34,160 --> 00:33:38,920 Speaker 1: seeing recreations of things. I love. They're very big throughout 513 00:33:38,960 --> 00:33:44,680 Speaker 1: the Southeast. I love going to the recreation, the recreated, 514 00:33:44,840 --> 00:33:49,240 Speaker 1: like old famous Guys Home and old Fort and so on. 515 00:33:51,240 --> 00:33:57,200 Speaker 1: Did you ever go to one of those re enactment villages, 516 00:33:57,680 --> 00:34:00,520 Speaker 1: you know, I never have been, but I did go to. 517 00:34:01,760 --> 00:34:06,239 Speaker 1: I want to say it was Woodrow Wilson's house in 518 00:34:06,640 --> 00:34:10,200 Speaker 1: New York City, his apartment, and it was you know, 519 00:34:10,320 --> 00:34:15,759 Speaker 1: quite realistically recreated like it's the actual building. But I 520 00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:17,480 Speaker 1: think it was actually a lot of it was damaged 521 00:34:17,520 --> 00:34:20,799 Speaker 1: in a fire. So some really eagle eyed historians used 522 00:34:20,800 --> 00:34:24,120 Speaker 1: all the historical context clues they could to make it 523 00:34:24,160 --> 00:34:26,360 Speaker 1: as accurate as possible, and you can totally take a 524 00:34:26,400 --> 00:34:28,319 Speaker 1: walk through it and it really is like, you know, 525 00:34:28,360 --> 00:34:31,000 Speaker 1: going traveling back in time. Nice. I also want to 526 00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:34,880 Speaker 1: give a special shout out to our pal Mark Kendall, 527 00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:39,120 Speaker 1: who years and years ago before he became as famous 528 00:34:39,160 --> 00:34:44,319 Speaker 1: as he is now, Mark had a gig as a 529 00:34:44,640 --> 00:34:49,080 Speaker 1: re enactor at an old school Georgia plantation and Mark 530 00:34:49,239 --> 00:34:53,520 Speaker 1: is a black man is He's hung out with us 531 00:34:53,560 --> 00:34:56,319 Speaker 1: on several different shows and so on, and to hear 532 00:34:56,480 --> 00:35:02,000 Speaker 1: his story of his experience as a reenactor there, it's 533 00:35:02,120 --> 00:35:05,520 Speaker 1: worth a listen. So check out Eddie show that you 534 00:35:05,600 --> 00:35:09,840 Speaker 1: see his name attached to. We also know if you 535 00:35:09,920 --> 00:35:14,359 Speaker 1: find yourself in North Dakota, this recreation of the fort 536 00:35:15,040 --> 00:35:20,600 Speaker 1: is family friendly, self guided towards free admission. You can 537 00:35:20,760 --> 00:35:23,320 Speaker 1: just rock up and check out a little bit of 538 00:35:23,440 --> 00:35:27,879 Speaker 1: history for yourself. You do have to byos bring your 539 00:35:27,880 --> 00:35:29,640 Speaker 1: own sour kraut for sure. 540 00:35:30,200 --> 00:35:32,440 Speaker 2: Yeah exactly. 541 00:35:32,960 --> 00:35:36,360 Speaker 1: With that, big, big thanks to you fellow ridiculous historians. 542 00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:40,720 Speaker 1: Most importantly and most eternally for tuning in. Big thanks 543 00:35:40,719 --> 00:35:44,000 Speaker 1: to our super producer and research associate for this episode, 544 00:35:44,120 --> 00:35:50,120 Speaker 1: mister Max Williams. Big thanks to crowd rock fan Alex. 545 00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:52,160 Speaker 2: Williams one hundred percent. 546 00:35:52,880 --> 00:35:57,120 Speaker 1: Do you think Jonathan Strickland aka the Quizter eats sauer Kraut? 547 00:35:57,160 --> 00:36:00,520 Speaker 2: No? Oh, surely not for surely so I'm not sure 548 00:36:00,520 --> 00:36:01,400 Speaker 2: which one is more villains? 549 00:36:01,440 --> 00:36:04,760 Speaker 1: How does he fit into how does sour kraut fit into? 550 00:36:04,800 --> 00:36:06,279 Speaker 1: Our mean profile of it? 551 00:36:06,560 --> 00:36:10,520 Speaker 2: TBD TV that I know a lot of people like 552 00:36:10,560 --> 00:36:12,439 Speaker 2: sour kraut, but it also you know, it is often 553 00:36:12,480 --> 00:36:14,919 Speaker 2: depicted as sort of like a funky food that might 554 00:36:15,280 --> 00:36:18,920 Speaker 2: yield some bad breath, or like you know, Dickensian character 555 00:36:18,960 --> 00:36:21,279 Speaker 2: who eats raw onions or something like that. That's how 556 00:36:21,320 --> 00:36:23,720 Speaker 2: I'm using it in this in this context. 557 00:36:23,960 --> 00:36:27,800 Speaker 1: Mm hmm, Well, we could definitely say that Jonathan Strickland 558 00:36:27,880 --> 00:36:32,319 Speaker 1: ak the Quist is nothing more than awesome dude, but 559 00:36:32,760 --> 00:36:34,480 Speaker 1: very much a sour crout. 560 00:36:34,960 --> 00:36:37,759 Speaker 2: Oh and also, real quick, y'all, when I mentioned the 561 00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:41,359 Speaker 2: presidential historic home that I visited in New York City, 562 00:36:41,560 --> 00:36:44,360 Speaker 2: wasn't Woodrow Wilson got myself confused there? It was Theodore 563 00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:48,839 Speaker 2: Roosevelt's birthplace National Historic Site, and then it was recreated, 564 00:36:49,400 --> 00:36:51,920 Speaker 2: you know, again to be completely period accurate as much 565 00:36:51,920 --> 00:36:53,279 Speaker 2: as they possibly could. And it is a it is 566 00:36:53,320 --> 00:36:55,839 Speaker 2: a really cool hang and it is under gosh, who 567 00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:57,759 Speaker 2: knows if that's the case anymore, how that works. But 568 00:36:57,800 --> 00:37:01,040 Speaker 2: when I went, it was under the National Parks Service, 569 00:37:01,040 --> 00:37:03,239 Speaker 2: so you literally had a park ranger in a New 570 00:37:03,280 --> 00:37:05,839 Speaker 2: York City kind of Brownstone giving you a tour, which 571 00:37:05,840 --> 00:37:06,719 Speaker 2: I thought was kind of meat. 572 00:37:06,760 --> 00:37:10,280 Speaker 1: I'm a huge fan of MPs. Also, if you happen 573 00:37:10,320 --> 00:37:13,480 Speaker 1: to find yourself in Georgia looking for something to do, 574 00:37:14,239 --> 00:37:17,080 Speaker 1: take a day trip with us to Warm Springs, Georgia. 575 00:37:17,880 --> 00:37:22,320 Speaker 1: That's a pretty fascinating bit of presidential history as well. 576 00:37:22,360 --> 00:37:26,200 Speaker 1: Big thanks to aj Bahamas, Jacob's Ak the Puzzler, Big 577 00:37:26,200 --> 00:37:29,440 Speaker 1: thanks to doctor Rachel Big Spinach Lance. Of course, the 578 00:37:29,480 --> 00:37:32,480 Speaker 1: Brew Dude's a ridiculous crime. If you dig us, you'll 579 00:37:32,600 --> 00:37:33,520 Speaker 1: love them. 580 00:37:33,840 --> 00:37:37,239 Speaker 2: Who else? Christopher hasiotis cush, Yes, Eve, Jeff Coates here 581 00:37:37,239 --> 00:37:38,040 Speaker 2: in spirit. 582 00:37:38,680 --> 00:37:43,560 Speaker 1: And thanks also to everybody who's snarfing some Sauer kraut 583 00:37:43,640 --> 00:37:45,239 Speaker 1: right now, And thanks to. 584 00:37:45,200 --> 00:37:47,560 Speaker 2: You all you crowd snarfers out there. Thanks to you 585 00:37:47,560 --> 00:37:56,120 Speaker 2: as well. Ben, We'll see you next time, folks. For 586 00:37:56,239 --> 00:37:59,840 Speaker 2: more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 587 00:37:59,880 --> 00:38:02,080 Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.