WEBVTT - Anarchism in Paraguay feat. Andrew

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<v Speaker 1>Alz Media.

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<v Speaker 2>Hello, and welcome to it could happen here. I'm Andrew Sage.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm on Andrewism over YouTube, and I'm not on YouTube

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<v Speaker 2>right now. I'm on pic could Happen here, and I'm

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<v Speaker 2>joined by the disembodied voice of the one and only

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<v Speaker 2>Garrison Davis.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, well, one and only that I know of, unless

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<v Speaker 1>there's another one born around, which would be freaky.

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<v Speaker 2>There might be, There might be. But today I want

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<v Speaker 2>to continue our journey through Latin American anarchisms and their histories. Now,

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<v Speaker 2>compared to all the other countries I've discussed so far,

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<v Speaker 2>such as Peru and Chile and Argentina and Brazil and Cuba,

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<v Speaker 2>this one had a bit less information about anarchism in

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<v Speaker 2>its past. So this will be a sort of a

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<v Speaker 2>smaller Sandwiche anarchist history, perhaps fitting of the country that

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<v Speaker 2>is sandwiched between Argentina and Brazil. Speaking of course, about Paraguay,

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<v Speaker 2>known for its fraud history of warfare, politically volatile landscape,

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<v Speaker 2>series of dictatorships, and indigenously intertwined cultural and social fabric,

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<v Speaker 2>anachism took root in this rather unique setting and downs

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<v Speaker 2>to the work of Anhil Capelletti and a few other

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<v Speaker 2>scattered sources, I've been able to piece together the history

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<v Speaker 2>of anarchism in Paraguay without further ado nos comencemos. For

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<v Speaker 2>much of its early history, Paraguay's identity was distinct within

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<v Speaker 2>South America, from its time as a Guarani settlement to

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<v Speaker 2>its formation as a Spanish colony in the sixteenth century.

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<v Speaker 2>Spanish Jesuit missionaries wielded significant influence, and for over a century,

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<v Speaker 2>Paraguay was a self sustained colony with a rigidly hierarchical

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<v Speaker 2>system based on the Spanish cast system. Paraguay's economy primarily

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<v Speaker 2>revolved around agriculture and cattlehooded, unlike the mining economies and

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<v Speaker 2>other Spanish territories. The Guarani people had a significant cultural

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<v Speaker 2>impact throughout Paraguay's history, and the language and traditions rained

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<v Speaker 2>central even as Paraguay evolved through the centuries. Even today,

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<v Speaker 2>most of the population speaks some variety of Guarani alongside Spanish.

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<v Speaker 2>Fast forward to the early nineteenth century, as South American

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<v Speaker 2>nations began to clearing independence from Spain, Paraguay took a

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<v Speaker 2>unique approach. Rather than aligning with the neighboring revolutionary movements. Paraguay,

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<v Speaker 2>under the leadership of Jose Gasparrodriguez deve Definancia, declared independence

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<v Speaker 2>in eighteen eleven and adopted an isolationist authoritarian path. Francia

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<v Speaker 2>ruled as the country's supreme dictator for nearly three decades,

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<v Speaker 2>envision a self sufficient, cometic society. He strictly controlled foreign influences,

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<v Speaker 2>banned European migration, and restricted trade. By the mid nineteenth century,

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<v Speaker 2>Paraguay had built up a significancy infrastructure under Francia's successor,

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<v Speaker 2>Carlos Antonio Lopez. However, this era of economic development was

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<v Speaker 2>short lived, as Paraguay entered the catastrophic War of the

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<v Speaker 2>Triple Alliance between eighteen sixty four and eighteen seventy against Brazil, Argentina,

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<v Speaker 2>and Uruguay over territorial disputes. This conflict proved disastrous for

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<v Speaker 2>Paraguay as they suffered staggering losses. Nearly seventy percent of

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<v Speaker 2>its population died, its economy was shattered, and its territory

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<v Speaker 2>was significantly reduced. And yes, you heard me right, nearly

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<v Speaker 2>seventy percent of its population perished, including most of its

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<v Speaker 2>male population. In the wars aftermath, Paraguay was plunged into

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<v Speaker 2>political chaos, economic ruin, and a period of foreign interventions.

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<v Speaker 2>Due to the economic devastation of the war, the country

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<v Speaker 2>became indebted to British creditors. With that leverage, Briturn pushed

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<v Speaker 2>for the development of a free market economy and privatization,

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<v Speaker 2>which brought Paraguay into closer contact with the global economy

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<v Speaker 2>and eventually led to a more pronounced class de vatuside,

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<v Speaker 2>an establishment of an exploitive agricultural export system. Land that

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<v Speaker 2>had once been communitly managed was swiftly privatized, driving indigenous

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<v Speaker 2>communities and small farmers off their lands and into the

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<v Speaker 2>workforce of larger estates. On those estates, workers would find

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<v Speaker 2>themselves in debt bondage tied to the estates, as small

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<v Speaker 2>debts at workers over to landowners would spiral into insurmountable

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<v Speaker 2>debts that would become nearly impossible to repay. Laborers, called pionies,

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<v Speaker 2>were typically paid in vultures or script that could only

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<v Speaker 2>be redeemed at the estate's store, where prices were exorbitantly inflated.

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<v Speaker 2>Any attempt to leave or challenge the conditions was met

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<v Speaker 2>with violent repercussions from estate managers, creating a cycle of

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<v Speaker 2>economic entrapment. There was essentially slavery by another name. Paraguay

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<v Speaker 2>became a country of ever more wealthy and powerful landowners,

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<v Speaker 2>with a struggle in rural working class. As twentieth century approached,

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<v Speaker 2>the labour struggles and social divisions the Paraguay and society

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<v Speaker 2>were clearing. Cron inequality, Explosive working conditions, and the dislocation

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<v Speaker 2>of adious communities created foot ground for radical ideas among

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<v Speaker 2>rural campusinos and urban workers. European immigrants flee in political

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<v Speaker 2>oppression brought with them some rather radical ideas that began

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<v Speaker 2>to resonate with partaground workers who were desperate for a

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<v Speaker 2>way out of their circumstances. For people who had survived

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<v Speaker 2>centuries of oppression and authoritarian rule, anarchism had a unique appeal.

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<v Speaker 2>By the eighteen eighties, workers in Paragua had become organized

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<v Speaker 2>in mutual aid societies, and one such society of typographers

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<v Speaker 2>would organize themselves into a union, the first in the

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<v Speaker 2>country's history. By eighteen eighty six. That same year, so

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<v Speaker 2>the rise of construction workers, carpenters, tailors, postal workers, and

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<v Speaker 2>bakers unions. Those bakers would also conduct the country's first

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<v Speaker 2>ever strike action in October of eighteen eighty six. The

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<v Speaker 2>first distinctly anarchist publication I could find in Paraguay was

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<v Speaker 2>organized by a group called those eCos del Chaco, who

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<v Speaker 2>published a libertarian manifesto in eighteen ninety two. They call

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<v Speaker 2>themselves anarchist communists and declare their intent to abolish private property,

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<v Speaker 2>the clergy, the state, and the armed forces. Quote. We

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<v Speaker 2>seek the complete emancipation of the proletariat as we fight

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<v Speaker 2>abolished the unjust exportation of man by man. We dedicate

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<v Speaker 2>all of our moral and physical strength to overturn all

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<v Speaker 2>attorneys established genuine liberty, equality, and fraternity in the human family.

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<v Speaker 2>We seased to transform private property into a common good,

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<v Speaker 2>which needs to do so because individual property is the

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<v Speaker 2>basic cause of all the evils that afflictors. It's on

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<v Speaker 2>that basis that the dregs of humanity, government, clerics, lawyers, militaries,

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<v Speaker 2>entrepreneurs maintain themselves in power, live as parasites and to

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<v Speaker 2>continued enjoyment of their funder of finances large armies with

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<v Speaker 2>the products of our labor end quote. Even prior to

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<v Speaker 2>that manifesto, anarchists were making moves in the graphic railway

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<v Speaker 2>and bakers unions as early as eighteen eighty nine, fighting

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<v Speaker 2>for and winning the eight hour weekday by nineteen oh one.

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<v Speaker 2>Strike actions in this period were focused on that goal,

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<v Speaker 2>alongside wage increases and with the improvements to working conditions.

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<v Speaker 2>The anarchists also tried to establish a national Trade union center,

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<v Speaker 2>but unfortunately did not succeed. In eighteen ninety two, thanks

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<v Speaker 2>in part to the growing Spanish and Argentine immigrant populations,

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<v Speaker 2>there was a wave of the Berterian Union formation throughout Paraguay.

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<v Speaker 2>The anarchist was quite successful among the peasantry as they

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<v Speaker 2>helped organized armed resistance societies to aid in their struggles

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<v Speaker 2>against the landowners. Anarchists also managed to establish Rafaa Barrett

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<v Speaker 2>Cultural Center in the early nineties, hosting an impressive collection

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<v Speaker 2>of books by fellow Paraguayan and foreign writers, and them

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<v Speaker 2>bolding in the formation even more trade unions. Rafhaya Barrett,

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<v Speaker 2>by the way, is one of the most significant figures

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<v Speaker 2>in Paraguay and anarchist history, according to every account I've read.

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<v Speaker 2>Born in Toda Vega, Spain in eighteen seventy six, Barrett's

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<v Speaker 2>early life was typical of a welds do intellectual he

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<v Speaker 2>studied languages, pan and eventually engineering. By his late twenties,

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<v Speaker 2>he was drawn to Latin America party by adventure and

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<v Speaker 2>party to make a difference, Driven by a gruing commitment

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<v Speaker 2>to justice and solidarity. He arrived in Budas Airis in

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<v Speaker 2>nineteen oh three, where he found work as a journalist,

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<v Speaker 2>soon making ways with an article that condemned the stock

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<v Speaker 2>inequality he observed in Argentina's capital. This critique cost him

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<v Speaker 2>his job, yet had deepened his dedication to speak for

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<v Speaker 2>those who were voiceless. But as experiences of CEA and

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<v Speaker 2>European amercront workers toiling on the brutal conditions fueled his

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<v Speaker 2>indignation against unchecked wealth and poverty's vicious whold on the

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<v Speaker 2>working class. In nineteen oh four, but that made his

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<v Speaker 2>way to Paraguay. He essentially welcomed as a correspondent for

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<v Speaker 2>LTMBO and even held government positions, including as a director

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<v Speaker 2>of the Department of Engineers and the Railroad Agency, but

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<v Speaker 2>his comitments, exposed in the country's political and social rat

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<v Speaker 2>soon puts him at odds with Paraguay's new liberal government.

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<v Speaker 2>He saw that simply swapping our conservative leaders for liberals

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<v Speaker 2>did little to improve conditions for ordinary Paraguayans, as demonstrated

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<v Speaker 2>by the continuous labour struggles that arose and response to

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<v Speaker 2>the industrialization undertaken by the liberal government. Workers were fighting

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<v Speaker 2>to abolished child label, improve their conditions, increased wages and

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<v Speaker 2>so on. He couldn't stand by in silence, so he

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<v Speaker 2>resigned from government service, now fully committed to social justice,

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<v Speaker 2>even as his grown radicalism began to alienate the political elite.

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<v Speaker 2>Brett's personal experiences sharpened his perspective, transformed him from a

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<v Speaker 2>sympathetic observer to a dedicated anarchist. His writings in Criminal

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<v Speaker 2>became essential reading for workers and peasants alike, urging them

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<v Speaker 2>to see beyond superficial reforms and to challenge the entire

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<v Speaker 2>structure of the pressure. But that condemned the government's abuses

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<v Speaker 2>and spoke out against exploitive systems that kept the majority

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<v Speaker 2>of Paraguayan's martialized. He was a fiery advocate for social justice,

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<v Speaker 2>and one write in particular, Acrosto Robastos, called him the

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<v Speaker 2>discoverer of Paraguayan's social reality. Because Wrette didn't just observe

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<v Speaker 2>these injustices. He threw himself into exposing and condemned them

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<v Speaker 2>with fufor His impact was so significant that even when

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<v Speaker 2>he was forced to flee Paraguay in nineteen oh eight

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<v Speaker 2>under Goffun pressure, his ideas endured. His health was deteriorating

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<v Speaker 2>from tibergulosis, where he continued to write, receiving support from

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<v Speaker 2>intellectual comrades in Uruguay and Brazil his final years, which

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<v Speaker 2>is a continuation if his relentless dedication. Even as his

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<v Speaker 2>health continued to decline. In nineteen ten, he went to

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<v Speaker 2>Paris to seek treatment, but his health failed and he

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<v Speaker 2>passed away in December of that year. But just before

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<v Speaker 2>Barret's exile and passing in nineteen oh six, the anarchists

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<v Speaker 2>would form their first and for some time only workers

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<v Speaker 2>federation in the country by joining together the illustrators, carpenters

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<v Speaker 2>and drivers uniors. Rafaelbert actually became something of a thought

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<v Speaker 2>leader for this group, and this was the Federacion Opreira

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<v Speaker 2>Astricanal Paraguay or four, partially inspired by the Federacion Obreira

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<v Speaker 2>Reginal Argentina or FORA, where they borrowed many of their

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<v Speaker 2>programmatic ideas. If you recall the episodes I did on Argentina.

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<v Speaker 2>You know that the reasoning for the name was ideological.

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<v Speaker 2>By adding the adjective regional, it made plain that the

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<v Speaker 2>country in question, whether Paraguay or Argentina, was not being

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<v Speaker 2>considered a state or political unit, but a region of

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<v Speaker 2>the world in which workers struggled for their liberation. Soon

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<v Speaker 2>after its founding, on the first of May nineteen oh six,

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<v Speaker 2>the Forpe held the country's first international workers data demonstration,

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<v Speaker 2>despite police attempts to shut it down. Four also launched

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<v Speaker 2>their official publication, El Espertade in the same year, and

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<v Speaker 2>the paper carried articles while the anarchist movements in Europe

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<v Speaker 2>and Latin America printed works by authors such as Peter

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<v Speaker 2>Kopotkin and Selmronzo. Published reports of the Forbes activities, named

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<v Speaker 2>and shamed and known strike breakers, and encouraged its members

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<v Speaker 2>to pay their union dues promptly. Subsequent years would introduce

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<v Speaker 2>other libertarian newspapers, such as later Billion, La Tribuna and

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<v Speaker 2>Acierl Futruro. After the nineteen oh eight coup by Emiliano

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<v Speaker 2>Gonsalves Naverro Dey stabilized the economy and restricted Assuncion's labor movement.

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<v Speaker 2>Anarchism still found strength among rural and tanan industry workers.

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<v Speaker 2>Despite increasing hostility from figures like Presidents Kndre and Jarre.

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<v Speaker 2>Labor strikes continued, which were met by fierce oppression, arrests,

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<v Speaker 2>and forced deportations. With the outbreak of the Paraguay and

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<v Speaker 2>Civil War from nineteen eleven to nineteen twelve, anarchists and

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<v Speaker 2>other labor organizations faced a government crackdown. Groups like the

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<v Speaker 2>FORP became inactive temporarily at least, and by nineteen thirteen,

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<v Speaker 2>in the wake of the war, a schism was emergent

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<v Speaker 2>as some unions moved toward reformist ideologies, influencing part of

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<v Speaker 2>the populist Colorado Party. Meanwhile, FORPE reaffirmed to anarchostynicolus routes,

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<v Speaker 2>forming a federal Council that included both workers and intellectuals,

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<v Speaker 2>a meant to reconne union activities. Amidst a wave of

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<v Speaker 2>reorganization post World War One, a new surgeon demand for

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<v Speaker 2>Paraguay and exports revived the labor activism. In nineteen sixteen,

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<v Speaker 2>the Corps or Centro Oberrero Regional Little Paraguay to call

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<v Speaker 2>the role of championing anarchos, syndicalism, and labor rights. This

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<v Speaker 2>one gained support from a wide network, launching influential publications

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<v Speaker 2>like El Combat and Renovasion. Other groups like COMDE and

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<v Speaker 2>the Revolutionary Nationalist Alliance, which sought a federalist union. Other

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<v Speaker 2>peoples of Latin America also took part in the resurgions

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<v Speaker 2>of anarchist ideas. In nineteen twenty two, the Paraguayan anarchists

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<v Speaker 2>were able to finally establish links with the International Workers Association.

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<v Speaker 2>By the nineteen thirties, Syriaco Puarte emerged as a prominent

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<v Speaker 2>voice advocating for workers rise despite you know everything. He

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<v Speaker 2>was a protege of fellow anarchists and printmaker Felix Cantalisio Aracuyu,

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<v Speaker 2>a Paraguayan mestizo of mixed indigenous and black ancestry. At

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<v Speaker 2>one point, Aracuyu and his comrades had helped organize a

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<v Speaker 2>tram workers strike in Asuncion, which compelled the government to

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<v Speaker 2>round them up and dump them in the middle of

0:14:00.840 --> 0:14:03.959
<v Speaker 2>the jungle in Matu Grusso, hoping that they would die,

0:14:04.520 --> 0:14:07.040
<v Speaker 2>and yet Aracuyu and his friends made their way through

0:14:07.120 --> 0:14:11.559
<v Speaker 2>over one thousand three hundred kilometers of mountain jungle, surviving

0:14:11.600 --> 0:14:14.960
<v Speaker 2>on roots, fruits, and game to make their way back

0:14:14.960 --> 0:14:18.840
<v Speaker 2>to their hometown of Incarnacion and speaking of Incarnacion both

0:14:18.840 --> 0:14:21.200
<v Speaker 2>to our Day and Aracuyu took part in the little

0:14:21.240 --> 0:14:25.240
<v Speaker 2>known attempt at an anarchist uprising in Paraguay, which was

0:14:25.280 --> 0:14:29.720
<v Speaker 2>actually centered in Incarnacion. On the twentieth of February nineteen

0:14:29.760 --> 0:14:32.600
<v Speaker 2>thirty one, a group of one hundred and fifty workers

0:14:32.600 --> 0:14:36.720
<v Speaker 2>and students organizing a couple of popular assemblies, took control

0:14:36.800 --> 0:14:39.880
<v Speaker 2>of the city of Incarnacion with the goal of establishing

0:14:39.920 --> 0:14:42.960
<v Speaker 2>a libertarian commune, part of a plan to spark a

0:14:43.000 --> 0:14:47.320
<v Speaker 2>wider anarchist Syniclius revolution in Paraguay. This was the culmination

0:14:47.360 --> 0:14:50.080
<v Speaker 2>of a series of strikes and widespread leaf Latin by

0:14:50.080 --> 0:14:53.640
<v Speaker 2>anarchists and students in support of revolution. It wasn't meant

0:14:53.640 --> 0:14:56.120
<v Speaker 2>to be centered in the Karnacion, as there was a

0:14:56.160 --> 0:14:59.320
<v Speaker 2>planned construction worker at Donald Striking and Sudanzion, and similar

0:14:59.320 --> 0:15:03.600
<v Speaker 2>action in Villary and Concepcion, but key organizers in those

0:15:03.640 --> 0:15:07.160
<v Speaker 2>struggles in those cities were deported in the days leading

0:15:07.200 --> 0:15:11.040
<v Speaker 2>up to the action, so those planned actions ended up failing.

0:15:12.360 --> 0:15:15.720
<v Speaker 2>After sixteen hours when their efforts to have reinforced by

0:15:15.720 --> 0:15:18.080
<v Speaker 2>workers in the rest of the nation. The interactionists of

0:15:18.160 --> 0:15:21.520
<v Speaker 2>Encarnacion took over two steamboats and made their way along

0:15:21.520 --> 0:15:23.880
<v Speaker 2>the river to Brazil, but not before they attacked the

0:15:23.920 --> 0:15:27.880
<v Speaker 2>Yuromatic companies and burned the records related to indentured laborers

0:15:27.880 --> 0:15:32.840
<v Speaker 2>in two ports. Their solidarity never died, even after they

0:15:32.840 --> 0:15:35.480
<v Speaker 2>went through everything they went through, they didn't lose their

0:15:35.480 --> 0:15:39.760
<v Speaker 2>sight and what really mattered. Sadly, the seventeen students and

0:15:39.800 --> 0:15:44.520
<v Speaker 2>workers who remained in Incarnacion were arrested. Duarte found himself

0:15:44.600 --> 0:15:48.320
<v Speaker 2>jailed and interned in Marcurita, Ireland after Liberal Party president

0:15:48.360 --> 0:15:53.680
<v Speaker 2>Jose P. Kogiari outlawed trade unions. Other revolutionaries were dropped

0:15:53.680 --> 0:15:55.960
<v Speaker 2>off from the jungle to die at a random point

0:15:55.960 --> 0:15:59.600
<v Speaker 2>along the Parana River. Seven of the captured seventeen met

0:15:59.600 --> 0:16:01.720
<v Speaker 2>this fate, and the other ten spent a few months

0:16:01.720 --> 0:16:14.520
<v Speaker 2>in prison before being deported to Argentina. Movement then faced

0:16:14.560 --> 0:16:17.160
<v Speaker 2>distinct challenges during the Chaco War from nineteen thirty two

0:16:17.160 --> 0:16:20.240
<v Speaker 2>to nineteen thirty five between Paraguay and Bolivia, which halted

0:16:20.320 --> 0:16:23.440
<v Speaker 2>much of the anarchist activism. May anarchists joined the war

0:16:23.480 --> 0:16:27.120
<v Speaker 2>effort reluctantly, including Duarte, who performed duties in the Rear

0:16:27.160 --> 0:16:29.560
<v Speaker 2>Guard while working as a type setter for various pressors,

0:16:29.920 --> 0:16:34.040
<v Speaker 2>including anarchist pressors the Paraguay and Victory. Following the war,

0:16:34.120 --> 0:16:37.280
<v Speaker 2>the return to domestic concerns saw a resurgence of anarchists

0:16:37.280 --> 0:16:41.600
<v Speaker 2>and labor activities. The government's crackdown of lefster'c ideologies in

0:16:41.600 --> 0:16:45.200
<v Speaker 2>the late nineteen thirties nineteen forties under present Wrinigo's rule

0:16:45.640 --> 0:16:49.320
<v Speaker 2>led to severe repression of anarchists and cynicalist groups do what.

0:16:49.440 --> 0:16:51.480
<v Speaker 2>He spent some time as a worker representative at the

0:16:51.560 --> 0:16:55.520
<v Speaker 2>National Labor Department or DNT, who was under considerable fire

0:16:55.920 --> 0:16:58.920
<v Speaker 2>from the communists were taken hold of the treading movement

0:16:59.040 --> 0:17:02.600
<v Speaker 2>after anarchism waned in popularity. He finally resigned from his

0:17:02.680 --> 0:17:06.320
<v Speaker 2>post in nineteen forty one after a worker's coordinating committee

0:17:06.359 --> 0:17:10.160
<v Speaker 2>of seamen, tram workers, bakers, print workers and other trades

0:17:10.640 --> 0:17:14.760
<v Speaker 2>issued a protest note to President Morinigo threatening to withdraw

0:17:14.840 --> 0:17:16.760
<v Speaker 2>from the Workers Delegate for the infringements of their rights

0:17:16.840 --> 0:17:22.399
<v Speaker 2>assembly to unionize and to strike. Of course, their protest

0:17:22.480 --> 0:17:27.800
<v Speaker 2>note was completely ignored. The president's authoritarian tenure pushed several

0:17:27.840 --> 0:17:31.639
<v Speaker 2>anarchists and socialist organizers into exile. Duarte himself ended up

0:17:31.640 --> 0:17:34.560
<v Speaker 2>in exile in Argentina by nineteen forty two, but eventually

0:17:34.680 --> 0:17:36.919
<v Speaker 2>was able to return and reclaim his appointment as a

0:17:36.920 --> 0:17:41.240
<v Speaker 2>worker representative. Then, not long after, he became a victim

0:17:41.280 --> 0:17:43.840
<v Speaker 2>of a police crackdown during the nineteen forty four general

0:17:43.840 --> 0:17:47.560
<v Speaker 2>strike after labor movement was hijacked by the Republican Workers Organization.

0:17:47.640 --> 0:17:50.600
<v Speaker 2>After nineteen forty seven, Duarte dropped out of trade union

0:17:50.640 --> 0:17:54.920
<v Speaker 2>activity entirely and refocused to publishing articles and trade union

0:17:54.920 --> 0:17:58.879
<v Speaker 2>publications abroad and urgent research into Paraguay and trade union history.

0:17:59.320 --> 0:18:02.520
<v Speaker 2>Yet faced d arrests and took part in strikes anyway,

0:18:02.920 --> 0:18:06.679
<v Speaker 2>advocating for workist rights across various industries. He continued his

0:18:06.720 --> 0:18:11.240
<v Speaker 2>activism against fascism and authoritarianism, operating from Argentina at times,

0:18:11.400 --> 0:18:15.399
<v Speaker 2>while still supporting strikes at anarchist literature in Paraguay. The

0:18:15.480 --> 0:18:19.000
<v Speaker 2>nineteen fifty four ascension to power of General Alfredo Streisner

0:18:19.520 --> 0:18:25.200
<v Speaker 2>marked a significant period of intensified authoritarianism. Streuisner's regime viariently

0:18:25.200 --> 0:18:30.600
<v Speaker 2>suppressed opposition, including anarchists, for over three decades. Even in

0:18:30.680 --> 0:18:33.920
<v Speaker 2>his seventy years. During the nineteen seventy years, Duarte was

0:18:33.960 --> 0:18:38.120
<v Speaker 2>harassed by Straussner's secret police. Many other anarchists were imprisoned, exiled,

0:18:38.200 --> 0:18:41.560
<v Speaker 2>or disappeared by Streuisner, who imposed tight control of unions

0:18:41.560 --> 0:18:44.200
<v Speaker 2>and labor organizers. The nineteen fifty four to nineteen eighty

0:18:44.280 --> 0:18:48.919
<v Speaker 2>nine dictatorship of Streisner stifled anarchist activities severely and forced

0:18:48.920 --> 0:18:51.960
<v Speaker 2>them underground, where they would have to preserve anarchist literature

0:18:52.000 --> 0:18:56.560
<v Speaker 2>and ideas through secret print publications and solidarity movements. The

0:18:56.640 --> 0:19:00.040
<v Speaker 2>result of this dictatorship was that anarchism in paraguay I

0:19:00.240 --> 0:19:04.520
<v Speaker 2>experienced resurgence much later than other Latin American nations, with

0:19:04.640 --> 0:19:07.920
<v Speaker 2>the spark rekindled only in the early two thousands. This

0:19:08.119 --> 0:19:11.080
<v Speaker 2>rebooth of anarchist sentiment emerged largely within the punk count

0:19:11.119 --> 0:19:15.320
<v Speaker 2>culture and youth led social movements, often interconnected with struggles

0:19:15.320 --> 0:19:20.359
<v Speaker 2>for indigenous rights, economic justice, and environmental causes. The establishment

0:19:20.400 --> 0:19:24.040
<v Speaker 2>of spaces like Laterraza and Anarchist Squad provided platforms for

0:19:24.080 --> 0:19:28.520
<v Speaker 2>activists and community engagement, while publications such as Autonomia Zene

0:19:28.560 --> 0:19:33.480
<v Speaker 2>and Grito Fanzine disseminated anarchist ideals despite Paraguay's history of

0:19:33.520 --> 0:19:38.480
<v Speaker 2>anarchist repression. These newer movements, however small, signify some small

0:19:38.520 --> 0:19:41.680
<v Speaker 2>hope for a renewed interest in the materian ideas within Paraguay,

0:19:42.280 --> 0:19:44.840
<v Speaker 2>one that can be seen even more violently in other

0:19:44.880 --> 0:19:48.280
<v Speaker 2>parts of Latin America. Paraguay and anarchists have shown us

0:19:48.359 --> 0:19:52.000
<v Speaker 2>the drive for freedom and equality is a daily equipment

0:19:52.160 --> 0:19:56.399
<v Speaker 2>to defy attorney and resist exploitation. Despy facing decades of

0:19:56.400 --> 0:19:59.959
<v Speaker 2>silence and and the destroys stand dictatorship, anarchism did not disappate.

0:20:00.040 --> 0:20:04.200
<v Speaker 2>The seeds are resistance late dormant, but they are ready

0:20:04.240 --> 0:20:07.560
<v Speaker 2>to bloom again as new generations can take up the struggle.

0:20:08.400 --> 0:20:11.960
<v Speaker 2>As we conclude, let's remember the words of Rafael Barre,

0:20:12.560 --> 0:20:15.040
<v Speaker 2>who fought tirelesslie for the people he came to call

0:20:15.080 --> 0:20:20.520
<v Speaker 2>his own justice, justice above all things, justice, even if

0:20:20.560 --> 0:20:27.760
<v Speaker 2>it costs blood, all power to older people. Please, it

0:20:27.800 --> 0:20:28.280
<v Speaker 2>could happen.

0:20:28.320 --> 0:20:30.720
<v Speaker 1>Here is a production of cool Zone Media. For more

0:20:30.760 --> 0:20:34.200
<v Speaker 1>podcasts from cool Zone Media, visit our website cool zonemedia

0:20:34.280 --> 0:20:37.080
<v Speaker 1>dot com, or check us out on the iHeartRadio app,

0:20:37.160 --> 0:20:40.720
<v Speaker 1>Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. You can

0:20:40.760 --> 0:20:43.080
<v Speaker 1>now find sources for it could happen here, listed directly

0:20:43.119 --> 0:20:45.400
<v Speaker 1>in episode descriptions. Thanks for listening,