1 00:00:02,120 --> 00:00:04,920 Speaker 1: Zone Media. 2 00:00:05,600 --> 00:00:09,600 Speaker 2: Welcome to Krappen Here, I'm Antresage of Future Channel Antrism. 3 00:00:09,840 --> 00:00:11,720 Speaker 1: I'm again joined by Garrison. 4 00:00:12,080 --> 00:00:15,720 Speaker 3: Say hello again, Hello again. See see what it did there? 5 00:00:15,920 --> 00:00:18,520 Speaker 3: Very very good, very original, and very funny. 6 00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:19,600 Speaker 1: Fantastic. 7 00:00:21,040 --> 00:00:23,959 Speaker 2: So last time we were discussing the forgotten history of 8 00:00:24,040 --> 00:00:26,639 Speaker 2: Cuban anarchism, I mean. 9 00:00:26,680 --> 00:00:27,840 Speaker 1: Took you by surprise. 10 00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:31,600 Speaker 2: It's you by surprise, and I think it's taken some 11 00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:34,280 Speaker 2: of the audience by surprise too. You know the fact 12 00:00:34,320 --> 00:00:37,400 Speaker 2: that from the very first Pronian Mutualist Society in eighteen 13 00:00:37,440 --> 00:00:41,440 Speaker 2: fifty seven, to the rise of the anarchist organizations, the 14 00:00:41,479 --> 00:00:45,720 Speaker 2: strike activities that the schools, to even the aneco naturists, 15 00:00:46,840 --> 00:00:50,800 Speaker 2: all of this was going on from the mid nineteenth 16 00:00:50,800 --> 00:00:53,640 Speaker 2: century all the way into the early twentieth century, even 17 00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:58,080 Speaker 2: in the height of repression in the nineteen tenths and 18 00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:01,360 Speaker 2: the cycle of US intervention as well. 19 00:01:01,720 --> 00:01:03,320 Speaker 3: I guess what I'm kind of curious about in this 20 00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:08,280 Speaker 3: time period is like before like the Socialist Revolution, were 21 00:01:08,520 --> 00:01:12,600 Speaker 3: like the anarchists more prominent than some of like the 22 00:01:12,640 --> 00:01:13,640 Speaker 3: actual communists. 23 00:01:14,800 --> 00:01:16,959 Speaker 1: For my research, it does seem so yes. 24 00:01:16,760 --> 00:01:18,200 Speaker 3: Yeah, like that's that's kind of what it sounds like 25 00:01:18,280 --> 00:01:20,880 Speaker 3: they were kind of the main political block for like 26 00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:23,160 Speaker 3: almost seventy five years. 27 00:01:23,720 --> 00:01:26,240 Speaker 1: Well things things do make a toon. 28 00:01:27,240 --> 00:01:29,600 Speaker 3: Yeah, like the main the main political block on like 29 00:01:29,600 --> 00:01:31,880 Speaker 3: like the like the left specifically, I guess, like the 30 00:01:32,240 --> 00:01:34,000 Speaker 3: if you count anarchism as part of the left, which 31 00:01:34,040 --> 00:01:37,119 Speaker 3: I mean for the case of simplicity, let's say. 32 00:01:36,959 --> 00:01:37,440 Speaker 1: Sure. 33 00:01:39,080 --> 00:01:43,720 Speaker 2: I don't, yes, but listeningly, I wouldn't be caught dead 34 00:01:43,760 --> 00:01:46,640 Speaker 2: ad here and to like French political taxonomy, but. 35 00:01:47,040 --> 00:01:49,920 Speaker 3: Totally me in terms of its relation to like labor, 36 00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:52,280 Speaker 3: especially especially by this time period of like, I know what. 37 00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:54,840 Speaker 1: You mean, I just like being difficult. 38 00:01:54,440 --> 00:01:57,680 Speaker 3: Sometimes absolutely, I mean, yeah, that is, I agree with 39 00:01:57,760 --> 00:01:59,120 Speaker 3: you in a lot of cases. But from my like 40 00:01:59,120 --> 00:02:02,120 Speaker 3: a historical standpoint, it kind of makes sense when like 41 00:02:02,160 --> 00:02:04,360 Speaker 3: all these almost all these people are like anarcho communists 42 00:02:04,440 --> 00:02:05,920 Speaker 3: or anical cynicalists. 43 00:02:07,240 --> 00:02:09,600 Speaker 1: Or I mean you did have the anarcho naturists too. 44 00:02:09,919 --> 00:02:13,600 Speaker 3: And the anarcho naturist. There you go, the three genders. 45 00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:15,480 Speaker 1: And I mean secondly the mutualists as well. 46 00:02:15,520 --> 00:02:20,240 Speaker 2: I mean, honestly, the divide, the stringent divide between the 47 00:02:20,360 --> 00:02:23,880 Speaker 2: anarchist schools of thought wouldn't really come into play until 48 00:02:23,880 --> 00:02:27,360 Speaker 2: we get into like the early twentieth century. 49 00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:29,560 Speaker 3: So which we are entering right now, Yes, which. 50 00:02:29,360 --> 00:02:32,799 Speaker 1: We have entered. So where do we leave off? We 51 00:02:32,880 --> 00:02:35,600 Speaker 1: left off on the big bang that was. 52 00:02:35,560 --> 00:02:38,079 Speaker 2: The Russian Revolution. Remember I said that things will take 53 00:02:38,080 --> 00:02:40,760 Speaker 2: our turn. That is the turn the Russian wizard has 54 00:02:40,760 --> 00:02:41,280 Speaker 2: been killed. 55 00:02:41,520 --> 00:02:41,840 Speaker 1: Sad. 56 00:02:42,560 --> 00:02:46,960 Speaker 2: Indeed, I promise to discuss how the death of that 57 00:02:47,040 --> 00:02:51,080 Speaker 2: Russian wizard would impact Cuba going forward into the nineteen 58 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:58,239 Speaker 2: twenties and beyond. So there we are acquistamos once again. 59 00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:01,000 Speaker 2: It's in fullst tanks to the work of Couin Ur Shaffer, 60 00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:04,400 Speaker 2: Stephen J. Hush, Lucien van der Walt, Sam Dolkoff, and 61 00:03:04,880 --> 00:03:09,520 Speaker 2: Frank Fernandez. So in nineteen twenty the anarchists formed a 62 00:03:09,600 --> 00:03:13,360 Speaker 2: Congress to advocate a series of immediate and transitory economic 63 00:03:13,400 --> 00:03:16,520 Speaker 2: measures to resolve the high cost of living brought about 64 00:03:16,520 --> 00:03:20,079 Speaker 2: by the decrease in sugar prices, because remember Quba's economy 65 00:03:20,280 --> 00:03:24,920 Speaker 2: was dependent on sugar and tobacco and coffee. They also 66 00:03:25,040 --> 00:03:29,480 Speaker 2: formed the anarchist letters the Confederaci Nacional de Tobajo or 67 00:03:29,480 --> 00:03:34,720 Speaker 2: a National Confederation of workers. Following the Bolshevik victory in Russia. 68 00:03:35,320 --> 00:03:37,400 Speaker 2: It took a minute for the world to find out 69 00:03:37,400 --> 00:03:40,240 Speaker 2: what happened to all the anarchists in Russia. I mean, 70 00:03:40,280 --> 00:03:43,160 Speaker 2: it was the nineteen twenties. They didn't have Twitter. But 71 00:03:43,920 --> 00:03:48,120 Speaker 2: in the meantime, the anarchists sent a fraternal salute to 72 00:03:48,160 --> 00:03:52,480 Speaker 2: the brothers who in Russia have established the USSR. Which 73 00:03:52,520 --> 00:03:53,080 Speaker 2: is interesting. 74 00:03:54,240 --> 00:03:55,400 Speaker 3: That is interesting. 75 00:03:56,120 --> 00:03:56,760 Speaker 1: Yes, it's like. 76 00:03:59,400 --> 00:04:02,200 Speaker 3: Whole think men, it's exciting for the time though, right 77 00:04:02,280 --> 00:04:04,600 Speaker 3: Like you're seeing like this thing finally happen. You're like, oh, 78 00:04:04,640 --> 00:04:06,360 Speaker 3: we have like we have like a real chance. 79 00:04:07,520 --> 00:04:07,720 Speaker 1: Yeah. 80 00:04:07,800 --> 00:04:09,480 Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean I feel like it's like a two 81 00:04:09,480 --> 00:04:15,440 Speaker 2: panel meme, you know, it's like the victory before the Yeah, 82 00:04:15,840 --> 00:04:23,240 Speaker 2: very much. Yeah, yeah, I mean they knew that the anarchists. 83 00:04:23,279 --> 00:04:25,320 Speaker 2: But they did know, of course, was the anchist had 84 00:04:25,360 --> 00:04:29,760 Speaker 2: a visible and vital role in that revolution. Absolutely reality 85 00:04:29,839 --> 00:04:34,320 Speaker 2: that is unfortunately forgotten today but very well known back then. 86 00:04:35,240 --> 00:04:37,680 Speaker 2: So the rise of the Soviets, it seemed as though 87 00:04:37,720 --> 00:04:42,839 Speaker 2: the dream of three generations of struggles against the injustices 88 00:04:42,880 --> 00:04:47,200 Speaker 2: of capitalism of the state had reached its conclusion. Again, 89 00:04:47,800 --> 00:04:49,600 Speaker 2: they didn't know what happened to the anarchists and the Lenin, 90 00:04:49,680 --> 00:04:53,159 Speaker 2: yet their attitude of jubilation towards the success of the 91 00:04:53,160 --> 00:04:58,680 Speaker 2: Bolsheviks would of course change very shortly, but the anarchist 92 00:04:58,720 --> 00:05:02,320 Speaker 2: in Cuba still had some hope in unity, though despite 93 00:05:02,360 --> 00:05:06,560 Speaker 2: some debate amongst themselves about aligning with the Marxists in 94 00:05:06,600 --> 00:05:11,120 Speaker 2: Cuba see At the time, the anarchost Syndicalis movement was 95 00:05:11,240 --> 00:05:15,680 Speaker 2: leading the formation of labor organizations and federations with figures 96 00:05:15,680 --> 00:05:19,720 Speaker 2: like Alfaro Lopez and Antonio Penichet and well, they were 97 00:05:19,800 --> 00:05:23,760 Speaker 2: largely in favor of cross sectarian alliances and collaboration in 98 00:05:23,800 --> 00:05:28,159 Speaker 2: the promotion of alternative education projects, and after the Congress 99 00:05:28,160 --> 00:05:32,200 Speaker 2: of nineteen twenty, Cuba's workers pressed their demands with renewed 100 00:05:32,279 --> 00:05:37,080 Speaker 2: force in solidarity all together, leading too bombins and Havana 101 00:05:37,120 --> 00:05:41,000 Speaker 2: and another general strike on medi Figures like Penichet and 102 00:05:41,040 --> 00:05:44,640 Speaker 2: Salinas were jailed and a bomb was set off in 103 00:05:44,720 --> 00:05:49,400 Speaker 2: the Teatro Nacional in protest. Though initially condemned to death, 104 00:05:50,040 --> 00:05:53,520 Speaker 2: Penichet and Salinas were eventually pardoned and released. At the 105 00:05:53,520 --> 00:05:57,080 Speaker 2: beginning of nineteen twenty one, with the fall of Garcio 106 00:05:57,480 --> 00:06:03,599 Speaker 2: Mencalists government, this is when Fedrozias's moderate government came into power, 107 00:06:03,920 --> 00:06:06,800 Speaker 2: and this is when the Anacos syndicalists. Federacion Oprera de 108 00:06:06,920 --> 00:06:11,680 Speaker 2: la Habana or FOH or Workers Cleeration of Havana was founded. 109 00:06:12,640 --> 00:06:16,919 Speaker 2: The Workers Federation of Havana inaugurated its Rational School and 110 00:06:17,080 --> 00:06:20,920 Speaker 2: Library in nineteen twenty two, aiming to counter public and 111 00:06:20,960 --> 00:06:26,039 Speaker 2: private education emphasis on religion and patriotism. In nineteen twenty five, 112 00:06:26,480 --> 00:06:29,920 Speaker 2: the second congress So Nacional Obrero is celebrated in San 113 00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:33,800 Speaker 2: Fuegos and the Confederacio National Obrera de Cuba or National 114 00:06:33,800 --> 00:06:38,440 Speaker 2: Confederation of Human Workers or SCENOCH is founded by anachosyndicalists 115 00:06:38,520 --> 00:06:43,920 Speaker 2: in Camagway. The SCENOC was a big tent organization, so 116 00:06:44,160 --> 00:06:48,640 Speaker 2: although it was initially led by anachosyndicalists, there were reformists 117 00:06:48,680 --> 00:06:51,719 Speaker 2: and Marxist elements in there as well, and you'll see 118 00:06:51,760 --> 00:06:56,080 Speaker 2: the results of big tent organization very soon. Also in 119 00:06:56,160 --> 00:07:01,159 Speaker 2: nineteen twenty five, the Partido Communista Kubano or PCC was 120 00:07:01,160 --> 00:07:05,480 Speaker 2: founded in Havana, and in nineteen twenty five there was 121 00:07:05,520 --> 00:07:08,479 Speaker 2: a strike among railway and sugar workers which would provoke 122 00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:13,440 Speaker 2: government repression and the nineteen twenty five Gerardo Machado would 123 00:07:13,480 --> 00:07:18,240 Speaker 2: be elected to the office of Presidency. Now pay attention 124 00:07:18,400 --> 00:07:21,640 Speaker 2: to the PCC because they become relevant again later on. 125 00:07:22,160 --> 00:07:23,880 Speaker 3: They're going to be a recurring character. 126 00:07:24,400 --> 00:07:24,679 Speaker 1: Yes. 127 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:31,080 Speaker 2: So President Gerardo Machado's administration vowed to suppress worker militancy, 128 00:07:31,640 --> 00:07:35,240 Speaker 2: lead into another crackdown on foreigners and radicals, including the 129 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:39,560 Speaker 2: anarchist schools, and marking another decline of the anarchist movement's influence. 130 00:07:40,360 --> 00:07:45,720 Speaker 2: But despite repression under the Machado dictatorship, anarchists continued to agitate, 131 00:07:46,280 --> 00:07:50,200 Speaker 2: with some fleeing into exile and overall refusing to cooperate 132 00:07:50,240 --> 00:07:53,680 Speaker 2: with the government. They founded militant groups such as Espartaco 133 00:07:54,160 --> 00:07:59,160 Speaker 2: and Losildarios and later the Federation the Federacion de Grupos 134 00:07:59,200 --> 00:08:04,160 Speaker 2: Anakistas de Cuba or FGSC. They engaged in street fighting 135 00:08:04,280 --> 00:08:08,520 Speaker 2: against the government and also in several field assassination attempts 136 00:08:08,520 --> 00:08:11,720 Speaker 2: against Machado. I don't know what it is with Cuban leaders, 137 00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:19,880 Speaker 2: but they seem to have trouble getting assassinated. So while 138 00:08:19,880 --> 00:08:23,720 Speaker 2: the anarchists and I would like to give them the 139 00:08:23,720 --> 00:08:29,120 Speaker 2: benefit of the doubt, presumably some Marxists were engaged in 140 00:08:29,160 --> 00:08:33,120 Speaker 2: such resistance. And I say presumably because I didn't they 141 00:08:33,120 --> 00:08:35,400 Speaker 2: were into focus of my research, but from what I 142 00:08:35,400 --> 00:08:39,760 Speaker 2: could see with the anarchists who were engaged in such resistance. Anyway, 143 00:08:39,800 --> 00:08:45,640 Speaker 2: that's tangential. The operatives of the Popular Socialist Party or 144 00:08:45,880 --> 00:08:51,280 Speaker 2: PSP chose to make compromises with the various dictatorial governments 145 00:08:51,559 --> 00:08:55,120 Speaker 2: in order to be allowed control of the labor unions 146 00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:56,800 Speaker 2: as well as some other peroks. 147 00:08:57,520 --> 00:08:59,960 Speaker 3: Well, that doesn't sound like it could result in any problems. 148 00:09:01,120 --> 00:09:03,920 Speaker 1: Yeah, so lock in here, okay. The PSP. 149 00:09:05,080 --> 00:09:09,479 Speaker 2: Would later be absorbed by the Organizavolu Scenarios in Tigradas, 150 00:09:10,240 --> 00:09:14,080 Speaker 2: which would later become the Partido Unido de la Revolution 151 00:09:14,320 --> 00:09:19,880 Speaker 2: Socialista the Cuba, which would later be refounded as the 152 00:09:19,920 --> 00:09:26,720 Speaker 2: Partido Communista Kubano or PCC the Cuban Anarchists part cubas 153 00:09:26,920 --> 00:09:28,080 Speaker 2: the communist part of Cuba. 154 00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:30,480 Speaker 3: There's like this weird loop happening here. 155 00:09:30,679 --> 00:09:34,560 Speaker 2: Yes, yes, So the PSP would go on to become 156 00:09:34,720 --> 00:09:39,320 Speaker 2: part of the PCC, even though when they were initially founded, 157 00:09:39,360 --> 00:09:41,880 Speaker 2: the PSP and the PCC with separate organizations. 158 00:09:41,920 --> 00:09:42,720 Speaker 3: Totally okay. 159 00:09:43,280 --> 00:09:46,560 Speaker 2: So coming into the nineteen thirty Starting with nineteen thirty, 160 00:09:47,160 --> 00:09:50,880 Speaker 2: a streetcar strike led to a general strike back backed 161 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:55,439 Speaker 2: by almost all of the unions. The strike feel unfortunately 162 00:09:55,720 --> 00:09:58,760 Speaker 2: due to a poor planet by the SCENOC, which had 163 00:09:58,760 --> 00:10:02,200 Speaker 2: come into the hands of the PCC. You see, with 164 00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:06,400 Speaker 2: the continuous deportation, exile and murder of anarchists by the 165 00:10:06,440 --> 00:10:09,640 Speaker 2: Machado government, the Marxists and the SCENOC, who had been 166 00:10:09,640 --> 00:10:13,200 Speaker 2: taken orders from the PCC the whole time, were told, Okay, 167 00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:16,920 Speaker 2: now it's your chance, take advantage the situation. The anarchists 168 00:10:16,920 --> 00:10:20,440 Speaker 2: out of the way, let's take over the SCENOC. So 169 00:10:20,480 --> 00:10:24,040 Speaker 2: in nineteen thirty three, another transportation strike breaks out in Havana, 170 00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:27,760 Speaker 2: which leads to another general strike and further violence, and 171 00:10:27,880 --> 00:10:30,559 Speaker 2: the PCC used their control over the SCENOC to make 172 00:10:30,600 --> 00:10:36,040 Speaker 2: a deal with Machado and the general strike, even though 173 00:10:36,520 --> 00:10:38,360 Speaker 2: they were not the ones that started it in the 174 00:10:38,400 --> 00:10:39,040 Speaker 2: first place. 175 00:10:40,440 --> 00:10:42,679 Speaker 3: Making a deal to end a strike that they didn't 176 00:10:42,679 --> 00:10:46,000 Speaker 3: start indeed, very very cool stuff. 177 00:10:46,600 --> 00:10:48,040 Speaker 1: Now they called this. 178 00:10:49,360 --> 00:10:56,520 Speaker 2: Real politic power move the August Error, but to me, 179 00:10:56,600 --> 00:10:58,600 Speaker 2: that's way too soft considering what they did. 180 00:10:58,920 --> 00:11:01,240 Speaker 1: You see, it wasn't a mayor whoopsie. You know. 181 00:11:01,400 --> 00:11:04,760 Speaker 2: The PCC ordered the strike and workers to return to 182 00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:08,079 Speaker 2: their jobs, and they tried to work with Machado was 183 00:11:08,200 --> 00:11:10,400 Speaker 2: murderous secret police to make that happen. 184 00:11:10,679 --> 00:11:16,200 Speaker 3: No, it's it's just like counterinsurgency. 185 00:11:19,280 --> 00:11:23,320 Speaker 2: Thankfully, the PCC's attempt to sick my shadows dogs on 186 00:11:23,360 --> 00:11:27,240 Speaker 2: the strike and workers failed due to the resistance of 187 00:11:27,280 --> 00:11:30,600 Speaker 2: the anarchists of the Havana Federation of Labor and other 188 00:11:30,920 --> 00:11:32,760 Speaker 2: organized labor forces. 189 00:11:32,600 --> 00:11:36,920 Speaker 3: It's funny, how like it's not the same things happen now, 190 00:11:36,920 --> 00:11:39,000 Speaker 3: I guess, but very similar things happen while you have 191 00:11:39,080 --> 00:11:41,400 Speaker 3: like these like big u above ground kind of orgs, 192 00:11:41,600 --> 00:11:44,720 Speaker 3: they'll try to make concessions with with like whether that's 193 00:11:44,720 --> 00:11:47,880 Speaker 3: like like police or with like whatever kind of institution 194 00:11:48,320 --> 00:11:51,360 Speaker 3: that people are like opposing. They'll have these these big 195 00:11:51,400 --> 00:11:54,559 Speaker 3: like you know, big groups try to try to make concessions, 196 00:11:54,559 --> 00:11:56,800 Speaker 3: and it's always left to the anarchists to be like, no, 197 00:11:57,040 --> 00:12:01,280 Speaker 3: we actually have to keep fighting. This actually doesn't this 198 00:12:01,400 --> 00:12:04,040 Speaker 3: sort of this this this sort of like attempts at 199 00:12:04,040 --> 00:12:06,560 Speaker 3: calling like victory or trying to end things actually is 200 00:12:06,600 --> 00:12:09,200 Speaker 3: not what you claim it to be. And we have 201 00:12:09,280 --> 00:12:12,720 Speaker 3: to keep going. And it is something that always falls 202 00:12:12,760 --> 00:12:17,080 Speaker 3: back on like some of the more anarchist aligned contingents 203 00:12:17,120 --> 00:12:18,319 Speaker 3: in popular struggles. 204 00:12:18,440 --> 00:12:20,880 Speaker 2: Yeah, and I see why they why the old anarchists 205 00:12:20,920 --> 00:12:24,559 Speaker 2: get a bit jaded and crotchety, you know, because yeah, 206 00:12:24,760 --> 00:12:27,520 Speaker 2: you see these feelings happening again and again, Like why 207 00:12:27,679 --> 00:12:29,640 Speaker 2: you cheer in, you know, like you have not one 208 00:12:30,440 --> 00:12:33,720 Speaker 2: you know, this is not a victory. This is the 209 00:12:34,080 --> 00:12:40,960 Speaker 2: precursor to squad wipe, to like absolute defeat. You know, yeah, 210 00:12:41,559 --> 00:12:47,000 Speaker 2: game over. But unfortunately some people have to to learn, 211 00:12:47,280 --> 00:12:52,080 Speaker 2: it seems. Unfortunately until we speak more prominently of the 212 00:12:52,120 --> 00:12:54,719 Speaker 2: mistakes of the past, more honestly of the mistakes of 213 00:12:54,720 --> 00:12:57,920 Speaker 2: the past, instead of this sort of whitewashed Oh the 214 00:12:57,920 --> 00:13:03,160 Speaker 2: glorious revolutionary movements the past. Oh, you know, like wow, 215 00:13:03,280 --> 00:13:06,320 Speaker 2: so cool. Until we start to like engage honest without 216 00:13:06,360 --> 00:13:08,880 Speaker 2: history and like the mystiqus and whatnot, these things are 217 00:13:08,880 --> 00:13:12,120 Speaker 2: just going to continue to happen, you know. And that's 218 00:13:12,120 --> 00:13:15,000 Speaker 2: why I also appreciate, you know, the sort of honesty 219 00:13:15,040 --> 00:13:17,120 Speaker 2: that anarchists have, where they'd be willin to call I 220 00:13:17,160 --> 00:13:19,920 Speaker 2: mean not all you know, especially new anarchists tend to 221 00:13:19,960 --> 00:13:23,319 Speaker 2: be with more defensive, but and I appreciate the willness 222 00:13:23,040 --> 00:13:27,200 Speaker 2: to call out like what the CNT did in Spain 223 00:13:27,360 --> 00:13:29,319 Speaker 2: that was wrong, or what they black On in Ukraine 224 00:13:29,440 --> 00:13:30,160 Speaker 2: did that was wrong. 225 00:13:30,200 --> 00:13:32,600 Speaker 3: You know, we don't have to follow along like the 226 00:13:32,640 --> 00:13:33,559 Speaker 3: party line. 227 00:13:34,320 --> 00:13:36,000 Speaker 1: Sweeping, like you have to defend their honor. 228 00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:40,080 Speaker 3: Yeah, exactly, we don't have to like follow along the 229 00:13:40,120 --> 00:13:42,480 Speaker 3: party line in the same way that all these other 230 00:13:42,520 --> 00:13:46,240 Speaker 3: groups seem to do. There is a much more open 231 00:13:46,320 --> 00:13:49,520 Speaker 3: consideration towards critiquing things that even you feel like you 232 00:13:49,520 --> 00:13:51,360 Speaker 3: can learn from and you feel like we're like like 233 00:13:51,400 --> 00:13:54,520 Speaker 3: struggles like struggles worth learning from and struggles worth fighting for. 234 00:13:54,920 --> 00:13:56,760 Speaker 3: But you don't have this the need to be like 235 00:13:57,240 --> 00:14:01,120 Speaker 3: you have to defend every single thing that X person did, 236 00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:05,000 Speaker 3: because it's like, I know, it gets it gets very 237 00:14:05,040 --> 00:14:10,040 Speaker 3: weird when you have these like nineteen year old communists 238 00:14:10,040 --> 00:14:15,599 Speaker 3: who are like, no, Stalin's good actually, which is a 239 00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:19,520 Speaker 3: whole other topic. But but yeah, even in like smaller 240 00:14:19,520 --> 00:14:24,040 Speaker 3: scale things, just the resistance to having to adhere to 241 00:14:24,080 --> 00:14:25,640 Speaker 3: the party line on a lot of a lot of 242 00:14:25,640 --> 00:14:28,360 Speaker 3: these topics when you just don't have a party so 243 00:14:28,400 --> 00:14:31,000 Speaker 3: it allows you to be way more open in your 244 00:14:31,080 --> 00:14:33,640 Speaker 3: consideration of what has worked what hasn't worked. 245 00:14:34,120 --> 00:14:35,960 Speaker 1: Yeah, free association for the win. 246 00:14:36,640 --> 00:14:39,880 Speaker 3: I don't have a funny ad pivot based on free association, 247 00:14:40,280 --> 00:14:43,800 Speaker 3: but here's some ads that you can freely listen to 248 00:14:43,840 --> 00:14:56,160 Speaker 3: if you desire. All right, we're back. 249 00:14:56,800 --> 00:15:00,200 Speaker 2: So the very same month that the PCC tried and 250 00:15:00,280 --> 00:15:02,800 Speaker 2: failed to call off a strike that they never started 251 00:15:02,800 --> 00:15:06,720 Speaker 2: in the first place, Machado was forced from office by 252 00:15:06,720 --> 00:15:09,560 Speaker 2: a military coup backed by the US working with several 253 00:15:09,640 --> 00:15:13,680 Speaker 2: political factions, including the PCC. So the PCC was kind 254 00:15:13,680 --> 00:15:15,960 Speaker 2: of playing both sides. They were like, yeah, let's let's 255 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:18,880 Speaker 2: work with Machado, and then that's also like help offer 256 00:15:18,920 --> 00:15:21,240 Speaker 2: through Machado a lot of stakes. 257 00:15:21,520 --> 00:15:23,760 Speaker 1: Huh, very interesting. 258 00:15:24,120 --> 00:15:28,040 Speaker 2: Yeah, So that coup along the nineteen thirty three revolution, 259 00:15:28,160 --> 00:15:30,640 Speaker 2: it was part of resulting from the opposition of the 260 00:15:30,720 --> 00:15:34,120 Speaker 2: human people to President Machado's attempts to keep himself in power, 261 00:15:34,560 --> 00:15:37,680 Speaker 2: with flames further fanned by the widespread misery caused by 262 00:15:37,680 --> 00:15:41,160 Speaker 2: the economic collapse of nineteen twenty nine. Anarchists were, of 263 00:15:41,200 --> 00:15:44,800 Speaker 2: course participants in the strikes and the revolutionary actions during 264 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:49,000 Speaker 2: this time. Military forces and student activists were also very 265 00:15:49,040 --> 00:15:54,520 Speaker 2: much involved. So Carlos Manuel de Sispidres Iquesada came to 266 00:15:54,640 --> 00:15:58,000 Speaker 2: lead a provisional government, which led to the installation of 267 00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:00,680 Speaker 2: a new government led by a five man called known 268 00:16:00,720 --> 00:16:03,880 Speaker 2: as the Pentarchy of nineteen twenty three, but after only 269 00:16:03,960 --> 00:16:06,680 Speaker 2: five days. The pentarchy gave way to the presidency of 270 00:16:06,800 --> 00:16:10,000 Speaker 2: Ramon Grau San Martin, whose term became known as the 271 00:16:10,040 --> 00:16:11,920 Speaker 2: one hundred Days Government. 272 00:16:12,360 --> 00:16:13,520 Speaker 1: For obvious reasons. 273 00:16:14,160 --> 00:16:17,280 Speaker 2: It really only lasted about one hundred days because it 274 00:16:17,400 --> 00:16:21,040 Speaker 2: decided to defy the US and remove the Platter Amendment 275 00:16:21,120 --> 00:16:24,560 Speaker 2: from the Cuban constitution, and it also introduced the eight 276 00:16:24,600 --> 00:16:27,560 Speaker 2: hour workday and tried to intervene in the American owned 277 00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:32,480 Speaker 2: electrical and telephone utility companies. But before you celebrate that 278 00:16:32,560 --> 00:16:35,560 Speaker 2: government as a champion of the working people, it also 279 00:16:35,640 --> 00:16:39,120 Speaker 2: contributed to the suppression of the Cuban anarchist movement, which 280 00:16:39,240 --> 00:16:42,720 Speaker 2: had a significant foreign born labor base, with the introduction 281 00:16:42,960 --> 00:16:46,360 Speaker 2: of the fifty percent law, which forced owners to reserve 282 00:16:46,440 --> 00:16:50,440 Speaker 2: at least half their jobs for Cubans. That law prompted 283 00:16:50,600 --> 00:16:53,320 Speaker 2: many of the Spanish anarchists, remember they were a very 284 00:16:53,320 --> 00:16:56,600 Speaker 2: prominent part of the anarchist movement in Cuba. That prompted 285 00:16:56,640 --> 00:16:59,560 Speaker 2: them to return to Spain, where as you may know, 286 00:16:59,720 --> 00:17:03,160 Speaker 2: a civil war would kick off rather soon. So the 287 00:17:03,240 --> 00:17:05,840 Speaker 2: leader of the revolt against one hundred Days Government was 288 00:17:05,920 --> 00:17:10,879 Speaker 2: Sergeant Fulkeencio Battista, who became the head of the Armed 289 00:17:10,880 --> 00:17:14,919 Speaker 2: forces and began a long period of influence on human politics. 290 00:17:16,280 --> 00:17:18,880 Speaker 2: The summer of nineteen thirty three obviously marked the end 291 00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:23,760 Speaker 2: of the cooperative relationship between Cuban anarchists and communists, you know, 292 00:17:23,880 --> 00:17:28,359 Speaker 2: because of the whole PCC second matalist dogs and the 293 00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:29,239 Speaker 2: anarchists and all that. 294 00:17:29,560 --> 00:17:31,639 Speaker 3: Yeah, I could see that being non conducive to a 295 00:17:31,680 --> 00:17:32,560 Speaker 3: working partnership. 296 00:17:32,920 --> 00:17:36,119 Speaker 1: It's a toxic, toxic situation, you know. They had. 297 00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:42,240 Speaker 2: They'll have to copearents the labor movement separately, anyway, say 298 00:17:42,280 --> 00:17:44,720 Speaker 2: a violence wi the rap between the two groups. The 299 00:17:44,920 --> 00:17:49,800 Speaker 2: Feracion de Groupos and Akistas de Cuba or FGAC published 300 00:17:49,800 --> 00:17:53,600 Speaker 2: a manifesto denouncing the traitorous actions of the PCC. In 301 00:17:53,720 --> 00:17:59,080 Speaker 2: collaboration with Manchado. In nineteen thirty five, the PCC exposed 302 00:17:59,119 --> 00:18:04,840 Speaker 2: its alignment for all to see. See after Bautista basically 303 00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:08,440 Speaker 2: told the PCC, yeah, don't call the general strike. After 304 00:18:08,480 --> 00:18:10,919 Speaker 2: the pieces he tried to call a general strike, the 305 00:18:10,960 --> 00:18:13,399 Speaker 2: PCC was like, Okay, we won't call a general strike. 306 00:18:13,480 --> 00:18:17,679 Speaker 2: And then the PCC adopted Moscow's popular front line and 307 00:18:17,720 --> 00:18:22,080 Speaker 2: basically aligned themselves with Batista. And what's interesting is, you see, 308 00:18:22,560 --> 00:18:27,680 Speaker 2: but what Bosista desperately needed to secure his legitimacy was 309 00:18:27,720 --> 00:18:31,720 Speaker 2: an electoral base. Basically, he needed a large group of 310 00:18:31,720 --> 00:18:34,400 Speaker 2: people to say, yeah, we back his leadership. 311 00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:37,639 Speaker 3: Sure, he needed some form of like legitimacy. 312 00:18:37,600 --> 00:18:42,760 Speaker 2: Exactly, And so the PCC, in aligning themselves with Batista, 313 00:18:44,119 --> 00:18:48,680 Speaker 2: they created that electoral base for his growing sectorial ambitions. 314 00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:51,639 Speaker 2: You see, he started off as a president before he 315 00:18:51,720 --> 00:18:53,200 Speaker 2: became like a full on dictator. 316 00:18:53,880 --> 00:18:56,080 Speaker 3: Many such cases, many such cases. 317 00:18:56,560 --> 00:18:58,840 Speaker 2: And the one of the historians I was telling you about, 318 00:18:58,880 --> 00:19:04,600 Speaker 2: Fernando Fernandez, he wrote that the PCC actually offered Batista 319 00:19:04,720 --> 00:19:07,760 Speaker 2: a deal, put in all of the machinery of Cuban 320 00:19:07,880 --> 00:19:12,560 Speaker 2: and international communism at his service, and it promised to 321 00:19:12,600 --> 00:19:16,280 Speaker 2: deliver votes in the coming elections, which Batista badly needed. 322 00:19:17,160 --> 00:19:19,080 Speaker 1: In exchange, the. 323 00:19:18,960 --> 00:19:23,800 Speaker 2: PCC was to be given the recently government created confederacadories 324 00:19:23,840 --> 00:19:27,919 Speaker 2: to Cuba, the CTC, the Cuban Confederation of Workers, and 325 00:19:27,960 --> 00:19:30,800 Speaker 2: the CTC was basically meant to be the largest most 326 00:19:30,840 --> 00:19:34,879 Speaker 2: centralized leab organization in Cuba, one that would combine all 327 00:19:34,960 --> 00:19:36,240 Speaker 2: of the existing factions. 328 00:19:36,560 --> 00:19:39,879 Speaker 3: Okay that yeah, yeah yeah. 329 00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:42,080 Speaker 2: And unlike the previous umbrella organization, which as you may remember, 330 00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:46,640 Speaker 2: was the SCENOC. The CTC was meant to be ideological. 331 00:19:46,680 --> 00:19:50,199 Speaker 2: It was meant to marry Unionism to the state. It 332 00:19:50,240 --> 00:19:52,760 Speaker 2: was meant to be under the control of Batista through 333 00:19:52,800 --> 00:19:55,760 Speaker 2: the PCC from the very beginning. You know, the scenock 334 00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:57,879 Speaker 2: started off being led by anarchos syndiclus, but it was 335 00:19:57,960 --> 00:20:00,119 Speaker 2: big ten so it was like, you know, bringing all 336 00:20:00,119 --> 00:20:03,360 Speaker 2: the ideologies. But no, the CTC is like, yeah. 337 00:20:03,200 --> 00:20:05,440 Speaker 3: We are explicitly stayed aligned. 338 00:20:05,840 --> 00:20:06,119 Speaker 1: Yeah. 339 00:20:06,920 --> 00:20:09,520 Speaker 2: Meanwhile, you know, in nineteen thirty six, the Spanish Civil 340 00:20:09,520 --> 00:20:12,320 Speaker 2: War would erupt, and you know, the Cuban anarchists who 341 00:20:12,640 --> 00:20:16,320 Speaker 2: when solidarity with the Spanish anarchists would establish the Solidary 342 00:20:16,400 --> 00:20:20,560 Speaker 2: Dad Internacional Anti Anti FASCISTI to aid them, and some 343 00:20:20,600 --> 00:20:23,800 Speaker 2: of them even went to Spain to participate. But by 344 00:20:23,880 --> 00:20:26,480 Speaker 2: nineteen thirty nine, with the defeat of the Spanish Republic, 345 00:20:26,840 --> 00:20:30,280 Speaker 2: surviving Cuban anarchists returned to the island. 346 00:20:31,720 --> 00:20:34,280 Speaker 3: In the nineteen forties, It's interesting because when they returned, 347 00:20:34,320 --> 00:20:38,840 Speaker 3: they also returned with a lot more like experience as well. Indeed, 348 00:20:39,160 --> 00:20:42,200 Speaker 3: I wonder if that will lead to anything. 349 00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:44,560 Speaker 1: We'll see. 350 00:20:44,800 --> 00:20:50,000 Speaker 2: Curious, So in the nineteen forties, over one hundred delegates 351 00:20:50,040 --> 00:20:55,320 Speaker 2: met at the Mortazo ranch to establish the Associacion Libertaria 352 00:20:55,640 --> 00:21:01,440 Speaker 2: the Cuba or ALC. Since the Stalinist domin CTC had 353 00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:05,919 Speaker 2: purged anarchists and other militant labor activists, the ALC was 354 00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:09,720 Speaker 2: formed to challenge state control and Stalinist influence within the 355 00:21:09,760 --> 00:21:13,840 Speaker 2: labor movement. The ALC held a congress attended by one 356 00:21:13,920 --> 00:21:17,040 Speaker 2: hundred and fifty five delegates in nineteen forty eight, and 357 00:21:17,119 --> 00:21:19,639 Speaker 2: in that congress they discussed the creation of a libertarian 358 00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:23,720 Speaker 2: society in Cuba, and they established the Solidary Dad Gastronomica, 359 00:21:24,080 --> 00:21:27,040 Speaker 2: which was a publication meant to serve as their official organ. 360 00:21:28,560 --> 00:21:33,160 Speaker 2: Carlos Prio Socaras assumed the QAN presidency in nineteen forty 361 00:21:33,200 --> 00:21:37,520 Speaker 2: eight following the presidency of Ramon Grau San Martin, because 362 00:21:37,720 --> 00:21:39,800 Speaker 2: he actually got another chance to be president after one 363 00:21:39,840 --> 00:21:42,520 Speaker 2: hundred day's government, and then you had a few filler 364 00:21:42,560 --> 00:21:46,560 Speaker 2: presidents after that, and then you had Batista's run as president. 365 00:21:47,680 --> 00:21:51,399 Speaker 2: But anyway, so Priyo becomes president and the anarchists try 366 00:21:51,440 --> 00:21:55,080 Speaker 2: and fail to create a new labor confederation. The Confederaci 367 00:21:55,400 --> 00:21:59,480 Speaker 2: General the Tagories was CGT, and it was meant to 368 00:21:59,520 --> 00:22:03,720 Speaker 2: be in the pendant of the CTC. Unfortunately, thanks to 369 00:22:03,760 --> 00:22:07,520 Speaker 2: reformist elements, the Styalists and the government, it suffered under 370 00:22:07,560 --> 00:22:11,159 Speaker 2: an extensive propaganda campaign against the initiative in both the 371 00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:16,040 Speaker 2: Cuban communications media and in the officially approved unions. But 372 00:22:16,119 --> 00:22:20,200 Speaker 2: despite everything, the anarchists were enduring on the grassroots level, 373 00:22:20,680 --> 00:22:25,040 Speaker 2: and they were anarchist militants scattered everywhere and anarchist propagandists 374 00:22:25,080 --> 00:22:30,040 Speaker 2: in every provincial capital. By the way, it is interesting 375 00:22:30,080 --> 00:22:33,439 Speaker 2: that the Styalists would gleefully purge the anarchists to appease 376 00:22:33,480 --> 00:22:36,640 Speaker 2: their own phase for power earlier in the decade, considering 377 00:22:36,680 --> 00:22:39,960 Speaker 2: that they themselves would be expelled from their posts in 378 00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:44,159 Speaker 2: the CTC by the government. Under us pressure, PreO declared 379 00:22:44,200 --> 00:22:48,520 Speaker 2: the PSP illegal, motivating the Styalists to eye themselves yet 380 00:22:48,560 --> 00:22:55,040 Speaker 2: again with their old body all pile Fulgencio Batista. In 381 00:22:55,160 --> 00:22:58,920 Speaker 2: nineteen fifty, the ALC would hold another congress, a meant 382 00:22:58,960 --> 00:23:04,200 Speaker 2: to reorganize the Qban union movements against its control by bureaucrats, politicians, 383 00:23:04,320 --> 00:23:09,320 Speaker 2: cults and religionists. The Congress repudiated the CTC and dedicated 384 00:23:09,320 --> 00:23:12,600 Speaker 2: itself to maintain the CGT's struggle in spite of President 385 00:23:12,600 --> 00:23:17,240 Speaker 2: Prio's repression. In nineteen fifty two, Batista took power in 386 00:23:17,280 --> 00:23:20,480 Speaker 2: a coup, and the LC joined other revolutionary groups in 387 00:23:20,600 --> 00:23:24,280 Speaker 2: armed resistance to the dictatorship in the cities and the countryside. 388 00:23:24,440 --> 00:23:29,240 Speaker 2: Despite facing imprisonment, torture, and kidnapping, they challenged Batista's rule 389 00:23:29,320 --> 00:23:34,720 Speaker 2: through propaganda, distribution, Klandestine activities, and coordinated sabotage efforts. 390 00:23:35,320 --> 00:23:38,080 Speaker 1: They even worked with groups like the Directorio. 391 00:23:37,520 --> 00:23:42,160 Speaker 2: Revoluse Scenario, the Federation of University Students, and elements within 392 00:23:42,280 --> 00:23:46,760 Speaker 2: Casturist group the m twenty sixth J. The Antony sixth J, 393 00:23:46,840 --> 00:23:50,399 Speaker 2: by the way, despite taking credit for everything, had little 394 00:23:50,400 --> 00:23:52,840 Speaker 2: to no involvement in many of the uprisings that took 395 00:23:52,880 --> 00:23:56,040 Speaker 2: place in this period. They tried at one point to 396 00:23:56,119 --> 00:23:59,520 Speaker 2: call a general strike, but it was badly organized and 397 00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:03,280 Speaker 2: uncorrenated with other revolutionary groups, so you know, of course 398 00:24:03,320 --> 00:24:07,280 Speaker 2: it failed. Meanwhile, the ALC's meeting whole not only distributed 399 00:24:07,320 --> 00:24:10,720 Speaker 2: information and coordinated sabotage efforts, but even taught some of 400 00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:13,119 Speaker 2: Castro's fighters how to shoot firearms. 401 00:24:13,359 --> 00:24:16,080 Speaker 3: Sure yeah, yeah, yeah yeah. 402 00:24:16,720 --> 00:24:20,920 Speaker 2: By disempathety First nineteen fifty eight. Also, it's very sad 403 00:24:20,920 --> 00:24:22,960 Speaker 2: that they would teach some of Castro's fighters how to 404 00:24:22,960 --> 00:24:26,480 Speaker 2: shoot firearms. Considering you know the direction those firearms we 405 00:24:26,560 --> 00:24:27,640 Speaker 2: shoot an end very soon. 406 00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:31,399 Speaker 3: Yes, that is tragically ironic. 407 00:24:32,119 --> 00:24:37,280 Speaker 2: Yeah, so disympathy First. Nineteen fifty eight, Batista flees Cuba, 408 00:24:37,440 --> 00:24:39,679 Speaker 2: marking the end of his regime and the beginning of 409 00:24:39,720 --> 00:24:44,080 Speaker 2: a new era. As Castro's Revolutionary government gain power, tensions 410 00:24:44,119 --> 00:24:48,000 Speaker 2: would rise as he consolidated control and marginalized dissent in voices. 411 00:24:48,800 --> 00:24:51,760 Speaker 2: Any hope anarchists had for social change following nineteen fifty 412 00:24:51,840 --> 00:24:55,439 Speaker 2: nine would be crushed by the increase in centralization, bureaucraticization 413 00:24:55,640 --> 00:24:59,480 Speaker 2: of the government, further purges of anarchists from the CTC, which, 414 00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:03,040 Speaker 2: by the way, they renamed the CTC R as in 415 00:25:03,240 --> 00:25:10,639 Speaker 2: CTC Revolutionary and they also militarized, and they also militarized it. 416 00:25:10,720 --> 00:25:12,440 Speaker 2: You know, if they forced a bunch of the workers 417 00:25:12,440 --> 00:25:17,040 Speaker 2: to create militias, and you know, with Castro's public alignment 418 00:25:17,080 --> 00:25:21,320 Speaker 2: with Marxism Leninism, the suppression the revolutionary tribunals, and the 419 00:25:21,320 --> 00:25:25,959 Speaker 2: exile of anarchists and other dissidents. In January nineteen sixty, 420 00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:28,879 Speaker 2: the ALC held an assembly and expressed support for the 421 00:25:28,920 --> 00:25:32,320 Speaker 2: Cuban Revolution while rejecting dictatorship everywhere. 422 00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:35,000 Speaker 1: By the end of the year, they would. 423 00:25:34,800 --> 00:25:38,800 Speaker 2: Published the final issue of their publication, So Darry Dad Gatuonomica. 424 00:25:39,520 --> 00:25:45,520 Speaker 2: The LC fell under government pressure, and unlike previous Cuban governments, 425 00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:50,520 Speaker 2: Castro's regime was extra blood thirsty with the working class 426 00:25:50,560 --> 00:25:54,480 Speaker 2: and peasant dissenters. That same year, the group of the 427 00:25:54,560 --> 00:25:58,919 Speaker 2: Sindecalistas Libertarios is suited document criticizing the Cuban government's direction 428 00:25:59,840 --> 00:26:03,800 Speaker 2: and the increase in totalitarianism. They had to change their 429 00:26:03,920 --> 00:26:09,160 Speaker 2: name to avoid reprisals as a pecc's organ OI responded 430 00:26:09,160 --> 00:26:12,320 Speaker 2: to the group o the Sinecalistas the Batario's document with 431 00:26:12,440 --> 00:26:17,000 Speaker 2: insults and accusations. That same year, the movie Me and 432 00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:21,840 Speaker 2: Diaccion Syndical began circulating a bulletin critical of the PCC 433 00:26:22,080 --> 00:26:26,919 Speaker 2: and Castro. They too, would be suppressed. After the failed 434 00:26:27,040 --> 00:26:30,719 Speaker 2: Bay of Pigs invasion in nineteen sixty one, Castro's government 435 00:26:30,840 --> 00:26:35,920 Speaker 2: intensified its suppression of opposition, including anarchists. The anarchists movement 436 00:26:35,960 --> 00:26:40,800 Speaker 2: also bore a terrible betrayal as Manuel Guiona Sussa, a 437 00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:45,280 Speaker 2: prominent anarchist, betrayed his comrades by endorsing the cashier regime 438 00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:48,920 Speaker 2: and denouncing the anarchists who opposed it. Some anarchist would 439 00:26:48,960 --> 00:26:52,320 Speaker 2: end up in prison somewhat fled to Florida, where they 440 00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:54,959 Speaker 2: would unfortunately be grouped to the Batista supporters who had 441 00:26:55,000 --> 00:26:58,760 Speaker 2: also fled to Florida at that time, and an international 442 00:26:58,800 --> 00:27:03,280 Speaker 2: solidarity effort merged with donations from various anarchist groups worldwide 443 00:27:03,560 --> 00:27:16,920 Speaker 2: to aid the Cuban anarchists escape. The anarchists that fled 444 00:27:16,960 --> 00:27:21,639 Speaker 2: to Cure formed the Movimiento Libertario Cubano in Exilio, the 445 00:27:21,760 --> 00:27:26,080 Speaker 2: mcl or Cuban Anarchist movement in exile, and continue to 446 00:27:26,119 --> 00:27:31,080 Speaker 2: advocate for anarchist principles to publications like Guangara Libertaria. The 447 00:27:31,080 --> 00:27:34,920 Speaker 2: New York based Libertarian League, led by figures like Sam Dorgoff, 448 00:27:35,400 --> 00:27:38,280 Speaker 2: provided critical support to these exiles. 449 00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:39,560 Speaker 1: But what really. 450 00:27:39,359 --> 00:27:43,399 Speaker 2: Sucks the Cuban anarchists had to struggle to garner support 451 00:27:43,480 --> 00:27:46,040 Speaker 2: from their fellow anarchists around the world. Thanks to the 452 00:27:46,040 --> 00:27:50,000 Speaker 2: propaganda efforts to the Castro regime, the Cuban anarchists was 453 00:27:50,240 --> 00:27:55,119 Speaker 2: made as CIA agents, which is Umi recall, still a 454 00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:58,160 Speaker 2: favorite tactic of campus authoritarians. 455 00:27:58,160 --> 00:28:01,840 Speaker 3: Interesting and yeah, interesting to see how it's literally the same. 456 00:28:02,840 --> 00:28:03,119 Speaker 1: Yeah. 457 00:28:03,520 --> 00:28:06,600 Speaker 2: In fact, one anarchist group in South America, the Federacion 458 00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:11,719 Speaker 2: Anarchista Uruguaya, even split between pro and anti Castro factions. 459 00:28:13,560 --> 00:28:17,000 Speaker 2: The procast Room majority went on to join the Marxist 460 00:28:17,040 --> 00:28:24,240 Speaker 2: Lendinist Supermaros in I Uruguay. Eventually the Federrazion Anarchica Italiana. 461 00:28:24,440 --> 00:28:30,520 Speaker 2: The FAIT, organized a conference in Bologna in nineteen sixty 462 00:28:30,560 --> 00:28:34,560 Speaker 2: five to address the confusion among anarchists globally regard and Cuba. 463 00:28:35,560 --> 00:28:39,320 Speaker 2: They came out of that conference condemning casteurism and express 464 00:28:39,360 --> 00:28:42,280 Speaker 2: in support for Cuban anarchists. But despite the efforts of 465 00:28:42,320 --> 00:28:46,640 Speaker 2: Abelardo Iglesias to present the Cuban anarchist's viewpoint, many anarchist 466 00:28:46,680 --> 00:28:49,960 Speaker 2: groups in Europe and Latin Americas still aligned with casteurism 467 00:28:50,440 --> 00:28:53,360 Speaker 2: view and criticism of the regime as opposition to the 468 00:28:53,360 --> 00:28:57,440 Speaker 2: broader socialist revolution. But despite the skepticism of their payers 469 00:28:57,480 --> 00:29:00,400 Speaker 2: and the refusal of some anarchist publications to even hear 470 00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:04,240 Speaker 2: them out, the Cuban anarchists continued. The activists of an exile, 471 00:29:04,720 --> 00:29:07,440 Speaker 2: they published works to announce in the Cashier regime and 472 00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:10,440 Speaker 2: sought to clarify their position within the global anarchist movement. 473 00:29:11,280 --> 00:29:15,040 Speaker 2: Back in Cuba, the remaining anarchists windled in size, as 474 00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:20,160 Speaker 2: most had either left or rotten in prison. In the 475 00:29:20,240 --> 00:29:24,640 Speaker 2: seventies and beyond, the Cuban anarchists faced isolation and defamation. 476 00:29:25,560 --> 00:29:28,520 Speaker 2: They still accused this day of being in service of reaction. 477 00:29:29,400 --> 00:29:32,120 Speaker 2: It's only with Sam Dolkov's book The Cuban Revolution and 478 00:29:32,120 --> 00:29:35,400 Speaker 2: a Critical Perspective in nineteen seventy six that attitudes began 479 00:29:35,480 --> 00:29:38,840 Speaker 2: to shift, lead into a gradual reassessment of the MLCE 480 00:29:39,440 --> 00:29:43,360 Speaker 2: within the anarchist community. In nineteen seventy nine, the MLSE 481 00:29:43,680 --> 00:29:48,240 Speaker 2: renewed ties with the Anarchist Confederacio National Tajo Sash Association 482 00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:54,520 Speaker 2: Interracial Rosadores the CNTIT during to congress in Madrid. Subsequent 483 00:29:54,560 --> 00:29:59,480 Speaker 2: publications and articles further clarified the mlce's position and cashrourism 484 00:30:00,040 --> 00:30:02,680 Speaker 2: mark in the end of a long and damaging chapter 485 00:30:03,480 --> 00:30:10,360 Speaker 2: of derision against them. In nineteen eighty, Guangara Libertaria emerged 486 00:30:10,360 --> 00:30:14,120 Speaker 2: as a new platform for Cuban anarchists in exile, Initially 487 00:30:14,160 --> 00:30:18,000 Speaker 2: cautious in its advocacy due to the hostile political climate 488 00:30:18,040 --> 00:30:23,680 Speaker 2: in Miami. Guangara gradually became more explicitly anarchist and critical 489 00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:28,080 Speaker 2: of both Castros regime and the reactionary exile community. It 490 00:30:28,120 --> 00:30:31,640 Speaker 2: played a significant role in challenging pro Castro narratives and 491 00:30:31,680 --> 00:30:35,120 Speaker 2: fostering international solidarity among anarchists. 492 00:30:35,800 --> 00:30:38,600 Speaker 1: As of recently as in twenty first century. 493 00:30:38,960 --> 00:30:44,000 Speaker 2: The Taire Libertario Alfredro Lopez or Alfredo Lopez Libertarian Workshop 494 00:30:44,280 --> 00:30:47,760 Speaker 2: has published a few pieces on anarchism in the Cuban context. 495 00:30:48,360 --> 00:30:50,640 Speaker 2: They even took part in the creation of the Central 496 00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:55,080 Speaker 2: American and Caribbean Anarchist Federation, and before anyone asks, I 497 00:30:55,080 --> 00:30:57,200 Speaker 2: haven't found a way to get in contact with them yet. 498 00:30:57,520 --> 00:31:01,040 Speaker 2: The recently centralized protests in Cuba spa a deluge of 499 00:31:01,120 --> 00:31:05,160 Speaker 2: conflicting narratives from various sources. We're on one side, Qan 500 00:31:05,160 --> 00:31:09,120 Speaker 2: authorities and leftist supporters defended the regime, blaming the economic 501 00:31:09,120 --> 00:31:12,080 Speaker 2: crisis and health challenges on the US blockade while treating 502 00:31:12,120 --> 00:31:15,760 Speaker 2: Cuban critics with one broad reactionary brush. On the other hand, 503 00:31:15,840 --> 00:31:18,000 Speaker 2: we had the right wing media criticizing the lack of 504 00:31:18,040 --> 00:31:23,080 Speaker 2: freedoms under the communist government. While amidst this, anarchists sought 505 00:31:23,120 --> 00:31:27,400 Speaker 2: a deeper understanding, seeking neither alignment with the US nor 506 00:31:27,440 --> 00:31:30,600 Speaker 2: the Quban government, but seeking understanding of the needs of 507 00:31:30,600 --> 00:31:33,800 Speaker 2: the people frustrated by the pandemic and the failures of 508 00:31:33,840 --> 00:31:38,480 Speaker 2: the government. The condition that Cuba's in now obviously is 509 00:31:38,560 --> 00:31:41,680 Speaker 2: due to the impact of the US's blockade, which should 510 00:31:41,680 --> 00:31:44,960 Speaker 2: be lifted immediately, but it shouldn't be missed that the 511 00:31:44,960 --> 00:31:48,840 Speaker 2: government uses the blockade to divert attention from other matters 512 00:31:49,320 --> 00:31:54,840 Speaker 2: where it does deserve significant critique. Emergency measures were eventually 513 00:31:54,880 --> 00:31:58,560 Speaker 2: implemented appease the protesters, but it remains to be seen 514 00:31:58,600 --> 00:32:00,760 Speaker 2: what the outcome of that frustration of the people will 515 00:32:00,840 --> 00:32:04,880 Speaker 2: be in the long term. As Francisco Finnandez wrote in 516 00:32:04,960 --> 00:32:08,680 Speaker 2: Cuban Anarchism, The History of a Movement, hopefully they are 517 00:32:08,680 --> 00:32:10,959 Speaker 2: those in this generation who will take up the legacy 518 00:32:10,960 --> 00:32:13,920 Speaker 2: of their forebearers, so that the roots of anarchism that 519 00:32:13,960 --> 00:32:16,840 Speaker 2: are now buried in the futile Cuban soil will once 520 00:32:16,880 --> 00:32:21,000 Speaker 2: again spring to life. Anyway, this has been the forgotten 521 00:32:21,080 --> 00:32:24,920 Speaker 2: history of anarchism in Cuba. This has been it could 522 00:32:24,920 --> 00:32:28,560 Speaker 2: happen here, and this has been Andrew's h all power 523 00:32:28,840 --> 00:32:30,440 Speaker 2: to all the people peace. 524 00:32:36,160 --> 00:32:38,520 Speaker 3: It could Happen Here as a production of cool Zone Media. 525 00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:41,440 Speaker 3: For more podcasts from cooal Zone Media, visit our website 526 00:32:41,480 --> 00:32:43,720 Speaker 3: cool zonemedia dot com or check us out on the 527 00:32:43,720 --> 00:32:47,320 Speaker 3: iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. 528 00:32:47,560 --> 00:32:49,640 Speaker 3: You can find sources for It could Happen Here, Updated 529 00:32:49,760 --> 00:32:53,800 Speaker 3: monthly at cool zonemedia dot com slash sources. Thanks for listening.