1 00:00:01,480 --> 00:00:08,559 Speaker 1: What's Parley Voo and my France says, I'm Robert Bastards 2 00:00:08,560 --> 00:00:11,920 Speaker 1: while it's behind the Insurrections. It's both. It's like it's 3 00:00:11,920 --> 00:00:15,000 Speaker 1: like it's like Bourbon, right, Bourbon is whiskey, but but 4 00:00:15,040 --> 00:00:18,720 Speaker 1: all whiskey is not Bourbon. Behind the Insurrections is behind 5 00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:21,479 Speaker 1: the Bastards, but all Behind the Bastards episodes aren't Behind 6 00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:25,239 Speaker 1: the Insurrections episodes. So I dig that. Yeah, I mean 7 00:00:25,280 --> 00:00:30,360 Speaker 1: I think, I think that's actually that's a great analogy. 8 00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:33,080 Speaker 1: And you're throwing the Scotch thing and then you're like, wait, 9 00:00:33,159 --> 00:00:37,080 Speaker 1: isn't no, I got it. I try to compare as 10 00:00:37,080 --> 00:00:40,080 Speaker 1: many things to Bourbon as I can, speaking of Bourbon, 11 00:00:40,600 --> 00:00:44,880 Speaker 1: not speaking of Bourbon, speaking of artists. My guest today, 12 00:00:44,920 --> 00:00:47,440 Speaker 1: as with the previous what four episodes we've done on 13 00:00:47,440 --> 00:00:51,160 Speaker 1: this uh is Jason Petty a k A prop. What's 14 00:00:51,159 --> 00:00:54,120 Speaker 1: so let the lick read Bourbon and night for breakfast 15 00:00:54,160 --> 00:01:00,000 Speaker 1: for dinner? Prop? How do you feel about France? Uh? 16 00:01:00,080 --> 00:01:06,279 Speaker 1: Uh wow, um, I feel carbs. I just think carter 17 00:01:06,680 --> 00:01:11,320 Speaker 1: and bread. They do love that food. Fresh food is delightful. Yeah, 18 00:01:11,800 --> 00:01:16,360 Speaker 1: I think I think Harlem Renaissance, that's pretty cool. You know, 19 00:01:16,720 --> 00:01:19,959 Speaker 1: my patron saint is is James Baldwin, so it's time 20 00:01:20,080 --> 00:01:25,959 Speaker 1: out there. Yeah. Uh. But besides that, I also think, yeah, 21 00:01:25,959 --> 00:01:29,600 Speaker 1: I don't like Americans, yeah, which is hard to fault 22 00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:31,600 Speaker 1: them for what. I know. What I don't like the 23 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:37,039 Speaker 1: French for is is appropriating Belgian French Fries or Belgian 24 00:01:37,040 --> 00:01:39,480 Speaker 1: Fries and calling that sucks that they call them France. Also, 25 00:01:39,640 --> 00:01:43,400 Speaker 1: I think they have a habit of having superfluous letters, 26 00:01:43,520 --> 00:01:46,320 Speaker 1: and they have way to like at least a third 27 00:01:46,319 --> 00:01:49,360 Speaker 1: of the letters in any French word are unnecessary. This 28 00:01:49,560 --> 00:01:54,360 Speaker 1: is Yeah, Yeah, we're taking France to task today, but 29 00:01:54,400 --> 00:01:56,840 Speaker 1: we're not talking about how they use too many letters 30 00:01:56,920 --> 00:01:59,160 Speaker 1: that that'll be a six parter we do at some 31 00:01:59,240 --> 00:02:06,400 Speaker 1: point day. We are talking about French fascism. Um, yeah, 32 00:02:06,440 --> 00:02:09,520 Speaker 1: because the French actually have a long history of fascism. 33 00:02:09,520 --> 00:02:11,600 Speaker 1: Although there's a weird number of French scholars who will 34 00:02:11,680 --> 00:02:15,160 Speaker 1: argue that France is uniquely immune to fascism, it's not. 35 00:02:15,600 --> 00:02:18,280 Speaker 1: And today we're talking about the day that fascists almost 36 00:02:18,320 --> 00:02:23,799 Speaker 1: took over the French government February six, nineteen thirty four. Now, 37 00:02:23,800 --> 00:02:25,800 Speaker 1: all of the stories we've shared so far in this 38 00:02:25,919 --> 00:02:28,880 Speaker 1: series have borne some similarities to what happened in the U. S. 39 00:02:28,960 --> 00:02:31,840 Speaker 1: Capital on January six and the events that led up 40 00:02:31,840 --> 00:02:34,720 Speaker 1: to it, But what happened in France on February six, 41 00:02:34,880 --> 00:02:38,480 Speaker 1: nineteen thirty four is by far the most direct comparison 42 00:02:38,520 --> 00:02:40,519 Speaker 1: to what happened in the U. S. Capital on the six. 43 00:02:40,639 --> 00:02:43,160 Speaker 1: I knew nothing about this before I started this series, 44 00:02:43,200 --> 00:02:47,320 Speaker 1: but it's fascinating. It's wild. Yeah, well it failed, but 45 00:02:47,360 --> 00:02:50,320 Speaker 1: also it is just the same damn thing. Basically. You 46 00:02:50,360 --> 00:02:54,000 Speaker 1: know what's crazy is how much the thirties must have sucked. 47 00:02:54,520 --> 00:02:57,720 Speaker 1: They've trashed a lot of this stuff happened in the thirties. Man, 48 00:02:58,919 --> 00:03:02,079 Speaker 1: it sucked as much as I'm gonna guesses are going 49 00:03:02,120 --> 00:03:07,680 Speaker 1: to suck suck a decade. Yeah, um yeah, it's great. 50 00:03:07,760 --> 00:03:10,960 Speaker 1: It's great. How the same thing is happening again exactly 51 00:03:10,960 --> 00:03:15,360 Speaker 1: a century later. Pretty much. Um So the story starts, 52 00:03:15,360 --> 00:03:17,400 Speaker 1: our story today starts in many ways with something that 53 00:03:17,480 --> 00:03:19,840 Speaker 1: happened in the late eighteen hundreds. Prop have you ever 54 00:03:19,880 --> 00:03:24,639 Speaker 1: heard of the dry Fust affair? No? This is I 55 00:03:24,639 --> 00:03:27,120 Speaker 1: I did when I was before I dropped out of college. 56 00:03:27,160 --> 00:03:29,800 Speaker 1: The only thing I ever was able to focus on 57 00:03:29,840 --> 00:03:32,120 Speaker 1: for more than a semester is a major was was 58 00:03:32,200 --> 00:03:35,120 Speaker 1: Holocaust studies? Right? I wanted to when I the the 59 00:03:35,120 --> 00:03:38,400 Speaker 1: only degree ever wanted was a degree in like Holocaust scholarship. 60 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:41,400 Speaker 1: And every class on anti Semitism in the history of 61 00:03:41,440 --> 00:03:44,760 Speaker 1: the Holocaust is going to start, or at least be 62 00:03:44,960 --> 00:03:47,480 Speaker 1: frontloaded with the story of the dry Fust affair. And 63 00:03:47,520 --> 00:03:49,760 Speaker 1: most Americans don't know about this, but it's very famous 64 00:03:49,760 --> 00:03:52,160 Speaker 1: in France and it's where the French far right really 65 00:03:52,200 --> 00:03:55,480 Speaker 1: comes out of. In eighteen eighty four, a French army 66 00:03:55,520 --> 00:03:59,240 Speaker 1: captain named Alfred Dreyfuss was accused of handing secret documents 67 00:03:59,240 --> 00:04:02,200 Speaker 1: to the Imperial German military. Now this was a little 68 00:04:02,200 --> 00:04:05,920 Speaker 1: over a decade since the Austro the Franco Prussian War, 69 00:04:06,040 --> 00:04:08,680 Speaker 1: which is where France lost a bunch of territory to 70 00:04:08,920 --> 00:04:11,720 Speaker 1: what became Germany. Um that one, so there's a lot 71 00:04:11,720 --> 00:04:15,560 Speaker 1: of like panic over the Germans, right, So suddenly it 72 00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:18,760 Speaker 1: comes out that like someone has been handing documents over 73 00:04:18,800 --> 00:04:21,440 Speaker 1: to the German military. There's a spy in the French military, 74 00:04:21,560 --> 00:04:25,320 Speaker 1: and everybody focuses on Alfred Dreyfuss. He's the immediate suspected 75 00:04:25,320 --> 00:04:29,480 Speaker 1: culprit because he's Jewish, you know, like, Okay, this is 76 00:04:29,480 --> 00:04:33,720 Speaker 1: starting to sound a little familiar. Now, yeah, yeah, this 77 00:04:33,880 --> 00:04:36,320 Speaker 1: is this is a pretty famous moment. Yeah, I feel 78 00:04:36,360 --> 00:04:39,320 Speaker 1: like okay, yeah, yeah, I'm like you and celebrity names. 79 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:44,000 Speaker 1: I'm like, I think I know this immediately and his 80 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:47,120 Speaker 1: story becomes not you know, there's a trader in the 81 00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:51,200 Speaker 1: French military, but there's a treacherous jew giving our military 82 00:04:51,320 --> 00:04:54,360 Speaker 1: secrets to the Germans. Right um. Now, as I'm sure 83 00:04:54,480 --> 00:04:56,599 Speaker 1: most of you have guessed, just because this is the show, 84 00:04:56,640 --> 00:04:59,160 Speaker 1: that it is, Dreyfus was innocent. The trial against him 85 00:04:59,200 --> 00:05:01,320 Speaker 1: was racially motive vaded and flawed from the get go, 86 00:05:01,720 --> 00:05:03,640 Speaker 1: and I found a good right up on the trial 87 00:05:03,680 --> 00:05:07,240 Speaker 1: from the open source educational website e International Relations, which 88 00:05:07,279 --> 00:05:11,400 Speaker 1: highlights just how fucked things were from the jump. On 89 00:05:11,440 --> 00:05:14,839 Speaker 1: the morning of Monday, the fifteenth of October eight, Captain 90 00:05:14,880 --> 00:05:17,440 Speaker 1: Alfred Dreyfuss was summoned to present himself at the French 91 00:05:17,480 --> 00:05:20,919 Speaker 1: Ministry of War. The Commander Patty to Come, along with 92 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:24,040 Speaker 1: three other inspectors, welcome Dryfus and proceeded in asking him 93 00:05:24,080 --> 00:05:27,400 Speaker 1: to write a peculiar letter dictated by Patty to clam 94 00:05:27,839 --> 00:05:31,080 Speaker 1: This letter contains sentences from the infamous Bordereaux, which was 95 00:05:31,080 --> 00:05:33,120 Speaker 1: a letter written by a French spy found in the 96 00:05:33,200 --> 00:05:36,359 Speaker 1: dustbin of the German military attache in Paris. The French 97 00:05:36,400 --> 00:05:38,560 Speaker 1: Ministry of War was searching for the spy, and we're 98 00:05:38,600 --> 00:05:41,720 Speaker 1: testing various officers that could be suspected of treason. As 99 00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:44,080 Speaker 1: Dreyfus wrote the letter, he shivered, and the three men 100 00:05:44,160 --> 00:05:47,920 Speaker 1: scrutinizing his every move noticed his trembling, thus deeming it 101 00:05:47,960 --> 00:05:51,520 Speaker 1: as a sign of culpability. He is cold, he shivers, 102 00:05:51,560 --> 00:05:56,000 Speaker 1: an incontestable sign of his culpability. The God he's shivered. 103 00:05:56,000 --> 00:06:02,359 Speaker 1: He's guilty. Guilty. One constant throughout history is people whose 104 00:06:02,440 --> 00:06:04,479 Speaker 1: job it is to determine whether or not folks are 105 00:06:04,480 --> 00:06:06,560 Speaker 1: guilty of a crime are always bad at that job. 106 00:06:07,279 --> 00:06:12,360 Speaker 1: Not possible, Yes, Dreyfus was immediately arrested for high treason 107 00:06:12,400 --> 00:06:14,520 Speaker 1: and deported to the prison of I'm not even going 108 00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:16,119 Speaker 1: to try to pronounce it. He was sent to prison. 109 00:06:16,480 --> 00:06:18,680 Speaker 1: On December nineteenth, he was court martialed in front of 110 00:06:18,720 --> 00:06:21,560 Speaker 1: a set of anti Semitic juries who judged him guilty 111 00:06:21,600 --> 00:06:24,440 Speaker 1: and sentenced him to a degradation and life sentence on 112 00:06:24,480 --> 00:06:29,520 Speaker 1: the Devil's Aisle in French Guyana, so pretty pretty much 113 00:06:29,640 --> 00:06:33,200 Speaker 1: you know, a show trial, right, Yeah, that mant that 114 00:06:33,480 --> 00:06:37,320 Speaker 1: the anti Semitism man all the way back from there, 115 00:06:37,360 --> 00:06:39,920 Speaker 1: all the way to they build in lasers to shoot 116 00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:42,760 Speaker 1: from space. They build in lasers to shoot from space. 117 00:06:42,800 --> 00:06:46,040 Speaker 1: And this is a real theory because we'll talk about 118 00:06:46,040 --> 00:06:48,600 Speaker 1: this later. France did not have much of a history 119 00:06:48,640 --> 00:06:51,560 Speaker 1: of anti Semitism before, not nearly as much as a 120 00:06:51,560 --> 00:06:54,240 Speaker 1: lot of other European countries. So about two years after 121 00:06:54,600 --> 00:06:58,360 Speaker 1: Dryfus is convicted, evidence comes out that a completely different, 122 00:06:58,480 --> 00:07:01,159 Speaker 1: non Jewish French office or had been the spy. And 123 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:04,360 Speaker 1: this is good evidence. The guilty man, though, was immediately 124 00:07:04,360 --> 00:07:07,680 Speaker 1: acquitted by a military court because Dreyfus was Jewish and 125 00:07:07,720 --> 00:07:10,520 Speaker 1: thus must be the guilty party, and Dryfus was. Actually 126 00:07:10,640 --> 00:07:13,400 Speaker 1: when the guy who was guilty was acquitted, they sentenced 127 00:07:13,400 --> 00:07:16,000 Speaker 1: to Dryfus for even more crimes that he hadn't committed. 128 00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:22,200 Speaker 1: In the Oh my god, it's really bad. Oh my god. 129 00:07:22,480 --> 00:07:26,800 Speaker 1: Anybody who watched that ivan the terrible docuseries on Netflix 130 00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:31,640 Speaker 1: about the guy that was accused of being the the Nazi. 131 00:07:32,120 --> 00:07:39,040 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, watch that, Yeah, Oh Robert, it's up your alley. 132 00:07:39,120 --> 00:07:42,679 Speaker 1: It is dude. So yeah, they're like, that's him, I'll 133 00:07:42,720 --> 00:07:46,520 Speaker 1: never forget his face. He's like, no, it's not. Yeah, 134 00:07:46,880 --> 00:07:50,360 Speaker 1: people are bad at remembering things, which is a real problem, 135 00:07:50,360 --> 00:07:52,559 Speaker 1: like eye witness accounts and stuff. But there's not even 136 00:07:52,640 --> 00:07:55,320 Speaker 1: that in this. This is just racism that Dryfus is 137 00:07:55,360 --> 00:07:57,920 Speaker 1: being convicted over. Like it's not even someone thinks they 138 00:07:57,960 --> 00:08:01,120 Speaker 1: see him doing something. Um, it's just like, well, he's 139 00:08:01,120 --> 00:08:02,960 Speaker 1: a Jew and he's in the army, so he's got 140 00:08:02,960 --> 00:08:06,640 Speaker 1: to be the guy passing secrets to the Germans. Obviously 141 00:08:07,560 --> 00:08:09,880 Speaker 1: you felt this way. Oh sorry, what's that problem? Is 142 00:08:09,920 --> 00:08:12,480 Speaker 1: gonna say? Man, uh, this is gonna be a very 143 00:08:12,560 --> 00:08:14,480 Speaker 1: racist statement, but I mean it as a joke, which 144 00:08:14,520 --> 00:08:17,240 Speaker 1: is even I shouldn't have even prefaced it. But I 145 00:08:17,320 --> 00:08:19,920 Speaker 1: just still think that, like, dang man, because I still 146 00:08:19,960 --> 00:08:23,720 Speaker 1: go when I look at like European Jews, I'm just 147 00:08:23,760 --> 00:08:27,000 Speaker 1: like but white people, and I just and it's and 148 00:08:27,000 --> 00:08:28,880 Speaker 1: it's so funny to be because I'm like, damn, y'all 149 00:08:28,920 --> 00:08:31,120 Speaker 1: got the short end of the state. You got the 150 00:08:31,160 --> 00:08:33,880 Speaker 1: worst lottery ever as a white dude that you don't 151 00:08:33,880 --> 00:08:36,120 Speaker 1: even get to count as a white dude. You have 152 00:08:36,200 --> 00:08:38,960 Speaker 1: to I think accept that in this period of time 153 00:08:39,000 --> 00:08:42,360 Speaker 1: in Europe, Jewish people aren't white. They are excluded from 154 00:08:42,400 --> 00:08:44,520 Speaker 1: the benefits of whiteness. And the way that like in 155 00:08:44,760 --> 00:08:47,640 Speaker 1: the late eighteen hundreds, Italians and Irish were in the 156 00:08:47,720 --> 00:08:50,760 Speaker 1: United States, right, like just the process of becoming white 157 00:08:50,800 --> 00:08:53,280 Speaker 1: for a lot of these groups. Yeah, it's so bizarre. 158 00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:55,560 Speaker 1: I know in the early like this is the longest 159 00:08:55,600 --> 00:09:00,240 Speaker 1: script you've ever written, So I shouldn't be at I 160 00:09:00,240 --> 00:09:03,240 Speaker 1: I know that, like you know stories of when when 161 00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:06,200 Speaker 1: America was founded, you know, only white people could own land. 162 00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:09,640 Speaker 1: So you had like Japanese immigrants standing in front of 163 00:09:09,640 --> 00:09:12,719 Speaker 1: the Congress being like, nah, we're white too, you know 164 00:09:12,760 --> 00:09:15,160 Speaker 1: what I'm saying, And just this argument that like I 165 00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:18,920 Speaker 1: am a part of that dog. I just can't imagine 166 00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:23,280 Speaker 1: as someone who's there is no way I could stand 167 00:09:23,320 --> 00:09:25,400 Speaker 1: in front of any court and convince somebody I'm a 168 00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:28,160 Speaker 1: white dude, you know what I'm saying, That like the 169 00:09:28,240 --> 00:09:31,000 Speaker 1: idea one that that's possible, and too that like you 170 00:09:31,040 --> 00:09:34,720 Speaker 1: actually are a white dude, yeah, and then nobody's calling 171 00:09:34,760 --> 00:09:36,360 Speaker 1: you a white dude, you know what I'm saying, Like 172 00:09:36,440 --> 00:09:41,319 Speaker 1: that's at least the the European jew obviously Ethiopian Jewish 173 00:09:41,320 --> 00:09:44,079 Speaker 1: people are clearly non white dudes, you know, yeah, I mean, 174 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:50,280 Speaker 1: and it's it's a factor of non whiteness is a scale, right, 175 00:09:50,360 --> 00:09:53,640 Speaker 1: Like everyone who is considered non white isn't considered the 176 00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:57,439 Speaker 1: same um there, but it's it's it's a it's a scale. 177 00:09:57,520 --> 00:09:59,440 Speaker 1: And and in this period of time and a lot 178 00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:02,880 Speaker 1: of Europe and really not in France this had not 179 00:10:02,920 --> 00:10:04,520 Speaker 1: been the case. But in a lot of your Jewish 180 00:10:04,520 --> 00:10:07,040 Speaker 1: people are not really considered like because there had been 181 00:10:07,080 --> 00:10:10,160 Speaker 1: there there had been within living memory at this point, 182 00:10:10,400 --> 00:10:13,079 Speaker 1: severe restrictions on whether or not Jewish people could own 183 00:10:13,120 --> 00:10:15,839 Speaker 1: property in parts of Europe. Um, it had not been 184 00:10:15,960 --> 00:10:18,480 Speaker 1: legal like up to the First World War, almost in 185 00:10:18,480 --> 00:10:21,160 Speaker 1: like Germany, for Jewish people to be officers in the military, like, 186 00:10:21,160 --> 00:10:24,120 Speaker 1: there were very strong restrictions around it. So it's really 187 00:10:25,480 --> 00:10:28,160 Speaker 1: it's hard to almost get your head around, um, because 188 00:10:28,200 --> 00:10:30,640 Speaker 1: of how significant it is in this period. That's the 189 00:10:30,640 --> 00:10:32,720 Speaker 1: point I'm trying to make, is like I still can't 190 00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:37,240 Speaker 1: obviously you can't. You can't pull a you know, a 191 00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:40,800 Speaker 1: critical race. Theori is based on a society in the 192 00:10:41,120 --> 00:10:44,160 Speaker 1: in the twenty one century. You can't yank that back 193 00:10:44,200 --> 00:10:46,679 Speaker 1: to the seventeen and think it's going to be the same. 194 00:10:47,400 --> 00:10:49,360 Speaker 1: But at the same time it's still hard to like 195 00:10:49,360 --> 00:10:51,800 Speaker 1: wrap my mind around the fact that they're like but 196 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:55,200 Speaker 1: not him. And I'm like, how do you know you know, 197 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:57,480 Speaker 1: I say it it's um, I mean, it's it's the 198 00:10:57,480 --> 00:11:00,600 Speaker 1: whole the whole process of a lot of you know, 199 00:11:01,320 --> 00:11:03,320 Speaker 1: it's it's the same way as how most of the 200 00:11:03,400 --> 00:11:06,960 Speaker 1: kind of colonial procedures that the British carried out in 201 00:11:07,080 --> 00:11:10,400 Speaker 1: Africa in order to maintain dominance and split up different 202 00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:12,640 Speaker 1: tribal groups and keep them fighting each other so that 203 00:11:12,679 --> 00:11:15,840 Speaker 1: they could dominate and exploit them. They beta test at 204 00:11:15,880 --> 00:11:18,840 Speaker 1: that in Ireland with with with what we're effectively tribes 205 00:11:18,880 --> 00:11:21,880 Speaker 1: and group tribal groups of Irish people like that that. 206 00:11:21,960 --> 00:11:24,199 Speaker 1: There are people scholars who will argue that the Irish 207 00:11:24,240 --> 00:11:27,120 Speaker 1: were the first people to be excluded from whiteness when 208 00:11:27,160 --> 00:11:29,880 Speaker 1: they were when the idea of whiteness was being invented, 209 00:11:29,920 --> 00:11:32,520 Speaker 1: before the slave trade even really existed, because like it 210 00:11:32,559 --> 00:11:35,880 Speaker 1: was there an early colonized people. It's a it's a like, 211 00:11:36,160 --> 00:11:39,439 Speaker 1: will do a history series about this at something History 212 00:11:39,440 --> 00:11:41,959 Speaker 1: of Whiteness. Yeah, there's a couple of really good books, 213 00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:45,520 Speaker 1: including one titled The Invention of the White Race. That's yeah, 214 00:11:45,559 --> 00:11:49,920 Speaker 1: it's a great book. Yeah, very interesting. So anyway, everything 215 00:11:50,080 --> 00:11:53,400 Speaker 1: that dry Us, you know, getting tried and then getting reconvicted, 216 00:11:53,400 --> 00:11:56,240 Speaker 1: when this new infro comes up, it creates a massive 217 00:11:56,280 --> 00:11:59,600 Speaker 1: culture war in France and two groups kind of rise 218 00:11:59,679 --> 00:12:02,480 Speaker 1: up a down this. There's the anti dry Fussards, who 219 00:12:02,480 --> 00:12:07,559 Speaker 1: are confusingly the ones who think dry Fuss is innocent, okay, 220 00:12:07,920 --> 00:12:11,679 Speaker 1: yeah uh, and then there's the dry Fussards who are 221 00:12:11,760 --> 00:12:15,559 Speaker 1: raging anti semites um. Like, the dry Fussards think that 222 00:12:15,559 --> 00:12:18,800 Speaker 1: that Dryfus is guilty. The anti dry Fussards think that 223 00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:22,280 Speaker 1: he's okay. So it's the opposite of how you'd think 224 00:12:22,320 --> 00:12:25,000 Speaker 1: it would be. It's opposite day okay, got it. So 225 00:12:25,240 --> 00:12:28,160 Speaker 1: dry Fuss is pardoned by the French president and released 226 00:12:28,200 --> 00:12:31,080 Speaker 1: in nineteen o three. Eventually, just like and and in 227 00:12:31,120 --> 00:12:35,000 Speaker 1: fairness to France, the weight of kind of cultural opinion 228 00:12:35,080 --> 00:12:37,560 Speaker 1: is that Dreyfus is guilty. People come around on this 229 00:12:37,679 --> 00:12:40,720 Speaker 1: and realize that they've done him dirty. Um. So he's 230 00:12:40,760 --> 00:12:43,439 Speaker 1: released in nineteen o three and in nineteen oh six 231 00:12:43,440 --> 00:12:47,800 Speaker 1: of French court formally recognizes his innocence. Now the actual spy, 232 00:12:47,960 --> 00:12:51,840 Speaker 1: and the racist officers who conspired against Dryfus were never punished. 233 00:12:52,080 --> 00:12:54,040 Speaker 1: And one of the saddest things about the story is 234 00:12:54,040 --> 00:12:57,600 Speaker 1: how kind of incomprehensibly loyal to the state Alfred Dryfuss 235 00:12:57,679 --> 00:12:59,840 Speaker 1: is because after he gets out of years of being 236 00:12:59,840 --> 00:13:02,960 Speaker 1: a prison as a spy, he rejoins the French army 237 00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:05,880 Speaker 1: and fights in World War One. Yeah, he retires as 238 00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:08,360 Speaker 1: a lieutenant colonel and dies at nineteen thirty five. He 239 00:13:08,400 --> 00:13:13,720 Speaker 1: goes right back into the military. Dunboy like bro, it 240 00:13:13,880 --> 00:13:16,640 Speaker 1: is hard to get your head around. These people don't 241 00:13:16,679 --> 00:13:19,959 Speaker 1: love you fam well, so I mean, in fairness to him, 242 00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:22,160 Speaker 1: a lot of folks there was a huge culture war 243 00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:25,800 Speaker 1: in his defense in a lot of cases this is wrong. 244 00:13:26,600 --> 00:13:31,880 Speaker 1: Um So, all things considered, for what is effectively like 245 00:13:32,400 --> 00:13:38,440 Speaker 1: a racist attack on a Jewish man at multiple levels 246 00:13:38,440 --> 00:13:40,920 Speaker 1: of the military, the dry Fuss affair works at about 247 00:13:40,960 --> 00:13:42,800 Speaker 1: as well as you can expect for drivers because he 248 00:13:42,920 --> 00:13:46,160 Speaker 1: is he is vindicated in the end, but because of 249 00:13:46,400 --> 00:13:49,560 Speaker 1: how much because of what kind of like evolves in 250 00:13:49,559 --> 00:13:52,679 Speaker 1: France around believing dry Us is guilty and starting to 251 00:13:52,679 --> 00:13:55,800 Speaker 1: believe that Jewish people are kind of inherently unloyal to 252 00:13:55,840 --> 00:13:59,600 Speaker 1: the state uh supercharges the radical right in France, and 253 00:13:59,600 --> 00:14:02,640 Speaker 1: it lays the foundations for French sympathy for the Nazis 254 00:14:02,880 --> 00:14:05,040 Speaker 1: and a hatred of Jewish people that would claim tens 255 00:14:05,080 --> 00:14:07,160 Speaker 1: of thousands of lives in World War Two. And I'm 256 00:14:07,160 --> 00:14:09,400 Speaker 1: gonna quote from that rite up in the International Relations 257 00:14:09,440 --> 00:14:12,480 Speaker 1: again quote. Before the affair, France had been one of 258 00:14:12,480 --> 00:14:15,360 Speaker 1: the least anti Semitic countries in Europe. It in fact 259 00:14:15,400 --> 00:14:17,480 Speaker 1: had been the country where the most Jews had sought 260 00:14:17,520 --> 00:14:20,480 Speaker 1: political asylum during the pogroms that took place in Russia 261 00:14:20,640 --> 00:14:24,440 Speaker 1: during the eighteen eighties. Russian Jews escaped the massacres ordered 262 00:14:24,440 --> 00:14:27,640 Speaker 1: by the Czar and flee towards the rest, predominantly France. 263 00:14:28,120 --> 00:14:31,320 Speaker 1: Another event attesting to France's non anti Semitic past was 264 00:14:31,360 --> 00:14:33,760 Speaker 1: that there was no French delegation at any of the 265 00:14:33,800 --> 00:14:37,520 Speaker 1: annual congresses of Anti Semitism that took place in Dressden. Yes, 266 00:14:37,520 --> 00:14:40,280 Speaker 1: there used to be yearly congress is based on anti 267 00:14:40,320 --> 00:14:43,480 Speaker 1: Semitism and Dressed that a bunch of European countries would 268 00:14:43,520 --> 00:14:46,760 Speaker 1: send delegates to to talk about the Danges. You the 269 00:14:47,160 --> 00:14:50,400 Speaker 1: amount of anti like the Holocaust, isn't a factor of 270 00:14:50,400 --> 00:14:53,080 Speaker 1: the Nazis. The Holocaust is a factor of centuries of 271 00:14:53,320 --> 00:14:55,600 Speaker 1: most of European christ and of being like the Jews 272 00:14:55,600 --> 00:14:58,560 Speaker 1: are dangerous, Like that's where it comes from. Just a 273 00:14:58,760 --> 00:15:04,960 Speaker 1: slow moving beIN that ended exactly where logically it would end. Yeah, 274 00:15:05,040 --> 00:15:07,600 Speaker 1: it was the result of for hundreds of years, lots 275 00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:10,120 Speaker 1: of prominent people being like, we should murder these folks, 276 00:15:10,360 --> 00:15:13,040 Speaker 1: and then they did. You know, it's the least surprising 277 00:15:13,040 --> 00:15:15,760 Speaker 1: thing in the world if you read anything about European history. 278 00:15:16,480 --> 00:15:21,360 Speaker 1: Um so. Yeah. But in France though, um that that's 279 00:15:21,400 --> 00:15:24,040 Speaker 1: not really the case as much. Obviously there's anti Semitism 280 00:15:24,040 --> 00:15:25,800 Speaker 1: in France, as the Driver's Affair shows, but it's not 281 00:15:25,880 --> 00:15:27,360 Speaker 1: nearly what it was. It was one of the best 282 00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:29,600 Speaker 1: places in Europe to be Jewish and there were, as 283 00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:32,360 Speaker 1: dry Fus proves, a lot of very loyal to France 284 00:15:32,400 --> 00:15:37,000 Speaker 1: Jewish people. Um so, the anti Semmotism really starts to 285 00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:39,600 Speaker 1: grow into a serious force in France as a result 286 00:15:39,640 --> 00:15:42,360 Speaker 1: of the dry Fust affair. The Driver's Affair also leads 287 00:15:42,400 --> 00:15:45,400 Speaker 1: to an explosion in the radical press. For the first 288 00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:48,240 Speaker 1: time in French history, Left and right start launching a 289 00:15:48,240 --> 00:15:51,480 Speaker 1: series of newspapers and magazines aimed at taking different sides 290 00:15:51,520 --> 00:15:54,720 Speaker 1: in a violent culture war. At the start, anti dry 291 00:15:54,760 --> 00:15:57,600 Speaker 1: Fussard press outnumbered the dry Fusard press by about ten 292 00:15:57,680 --> 00:16:00,200 Speaker 1: to one in terms of readership. So the guy who 293 00:16:00,200 --> 00:16:02,240 Speaker 1: think dry fus is innocent, that's the majority of the 294 00:16:02,280 --> 00:16:06,920 Speaker 1: press at the beginning. But that doesn't stop the dry 295 00:16:06,520 --> 00:16:08,720 Speaker 1: the dry fuss Aard press, which are the ones who 296 00:16:08,720 --> 00:16:11,080 Speaker 1: don't like drivers, from publishing a constant stream of ever 297 00:16:11,160 --> 00:16:15,640 Speaker 1: more lurid lies about a Jewish conspiracy to undermine the military. Now, 298 00:16:15,720 --> 00:16:17,760 Speaker 1: some will argue that the whole reason the dry fust 299 00:16:17,760 --> 00:16:20,520 Speaker 1: affair became a thing was because the press flocked to it, 300 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:23,560 Speaker 1: and that it might have disappeared um if they hadn't 301 00:16:23,560 --> 00:16:26,800 Speaker 1: written so much about it. Scholar Jen Dennis Brennan wrote, 302 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:30,240 Speaker 1: the press became the power of opinion. It amplified the 303 00:16:30,280 --> 00:16:33,200 Speaker 1: political movements without creating them. For the first time, the 304 00:16:33,240 --> 00:16:37,200 Speaker 1: press disposed of a powerful influence on French politics, dramatizing, supporting, 305 00:16:37,280 --> 00:16:41,080 Speaker 1: or denouncing the authorities. Now this is very familiar to 306 00:16:41,080 --> 00:16:43,280 Speaker 1: everybody listening right now. It's the same thing that happened 307 00:16:43,280 --> 00:16:45,920 Speaker 1: with like Q and on right, this radical press, the 308 00:16:45,920 --> 00:16:48,360 Speaker 1: the and when when we talk about radical press in 309 00:16:48,400 --> 00:16:51,160 Speaker 1: this period, the people like mimeographing or whatever their own 310 00:16:51,240 --> 00:16:53,440 Speaker 1: like little newsletters and stuff. It's the same as like 311 00:16:53,520 --> 00:16:55,720 Speaker 1: memes and shipped on Twitter and went on. It's like 312 00:16:55,760 --> 00:16:59,520 Speaker 1: eight chance, that's what's happening. It's still still just dank memes, okay, 313 00:16:59,680 --> 00:17:02,080 Speaker 1: and it it's by the way, this basic process is 314 00:17:02,120 --> 00:17:04,600 Speaker 1: the same thing that radicalize as Hitler when he's when 315 00:17:04,600 --> 00:17:06,879 Speaker 1: he's like homeless living in Vienna, he starts picking up 316 00:17:06,880 --> 00:17:11,080 Speaker 1: all of these crudely copied and written anti Semitic tracts 317 00:17:11,119 --> 00:17:13,400 Speaker 1: that were passed out in mass on the street. That's 318 00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:16,080 Speaker 1: what convinces him in a lot of ways about the 319 00:17:16,160 --> 00:17:18,119 Speaker 1: danger of the Jewish menace. It's a lot of the 320 00:17:18,160 --> 00:17:20,560 Speaker 1: same ship you see on h Chan. It's just now 321 00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:23,280 Speaker 1: what happens online. Then it was like like zines you 322 00:17:23,280 --> 00:17:25,919 Speaker 1: would pass out basically, Yeah, I wonder if there's like 323 00:17:25,960 --> 00:17:32,080 Speaker 1: some sort of psychological study or something that like lays 324 00:17:32,160 --> 00:17:35,960 Speaker 1: out what that does to you mentally to see something 325 00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:40,239 Speaker 1: that's like feels clandestine, if you will, because it's like 326 00:17:40,280 --> 00:17:44,320 Speaker 1: these like mimiograph things, like the quality is terrible, so 327 00:17:44,359 --> 00:17:46,679 Speaker 1: it's so does something in you feel like, oh, this 328 00:17:46,760 --> 00:17:49,080 Speaker 1: is a secret that's why it's not all polished and nice. 329 00:17:49,160 --> 00:17:51,840 Speaker 1: It's like there's there someone if there's something to that 330 00:17:51,880 --> 00:17:54,280 Speaker 1: where it's like I'm I'm in I'm in on something. 331 00:17:54,359 --> 00:17:56,960 Speaker 1: I know. There's psychology about that where you feel like 332 00:17:57,000 --> 00:18:00,600 Speaker 1: you're in on something everybody else isn't. It hits a 333 00:18:00,640 --> 00:18:03,480 Speaker 1: certain party of brain. It's his man, But I wonder 334 00:18:03,520 --> 00:18:05,320 Speaker 1: if there's something to do with like how sucky the 335 00:18:05,400 --> 00:18:08,280 Speaker 1: quality of like, yes, this is the same. You know. 336 00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:10,720 Speaker 1: I talked about this a lot. There's this one of 337 00:18:10,760 --> 00:18:13,240 Speaker 1: the guys behind the Lincoln Project as a fellow named 338 00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:17,679 Speaker 1: Rick Wilson, who is, like I think, objectively a bad person, um, 339 00:18:17,680 --> 00:18:20,440 Speaker 1: but has been historically pretty good at creating certain types 340 00:18:20,440 --> 00:18:23,840 Speaker 1: of propaganda. He was the guy behind the Reverend Right 341 00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:28,200 Speaker 1: campaign ads during Obama's election. Um, yeah, he's that guy. 342 00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:32,080 Speaker 1: And I interviewed him in sixteen talking about kind of 343 00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:35,679 Speaker 1: his opinion on Hillary Clinton's campaign ads versus Donald Trump's 344 00:18:35,680 --> 00:18:38,840 Speaker 1: because the first Trump campaign ads really felt like something 345 00:18:38,880 --> 00:18:42,400 Speaker 1: some teenager had cobbled together on their laptop, and Hillary's 346 00:18:42,400 --> 00:18:45,040 Speaker 1: ads were like traditional campaign as and everyone was a 347 00:18:45,040 --> 00:18:47,280 Speaker 1: lot of liberals were making fun of Trump's ads, but 348 00:18:47,320 --> 00:18:49,359 Speaker 1: they were getting this incredible traction. And the thing he 349 00:18:49,440 --> 00:18:53,840 Speaker 1: told me was essentially like the really polished slip campaign 350 00:18:53,880 --> 00:18:55,800 Speaker 1: ads don't work nearly as well as the ones that 351 00:18:55,800 --> 00:18:58,159 Speaker 1: look like they came out of somebody's basement, because that 352 00:18:58,240 --> 00:19:01,639 Speaker 1: feels real to people, right, like, it feels more authentic. 353 00:19:01,840 --> 00:19:05,920 Speaker 1: And I, you know, like, again he's a very bad person. Um, 354 00:19:06,359 --> 00:19:09,720 Speaker 1: he's not bad at making propagandis. And I think about 355 00:19:09,760 --> 00:19:12,640 Speaker 1: what he told me a lot um and that's I think, 356 00:19:12,680 --> 00:19:14,520 Speaker 1: what kind of what you're seeing here? I think you're 357 00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:18,720 Speaker 1: exactly right. So the dry Fist affair would prove in 358 00:19:18,800 --> 00:19:20,960 Speaker 1: the radical press that kind of comes out of the 359 00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:23,520 Speaker 1: dry Fist affair would prove to be the seed of 360 00:19:23,560 --> 00:19:26,560 Speaker 1: a new militant right wing in France, one that came 361 00:19:26,600 --> 00:19:28,440 Speaker 1: with its own stabbed in the back myth right. We 362 00:19:28,480 --> 00:19:30,119 Speaker 1: talked about how the stabbed in the back myth in 363 00:19:30,119 --> 00:19:32,720 Speaker 1: Germany was crucial now the right in Frances, like we 364 00:19:32,800 --> 00:19:35,800 Speaker 1: lost the Franco Prussian War because the Jews, you know, 365 00:19:36,520 --> 00:19:39,240 Speaker 1: um damn it. And it's it's worth noting that when 366 00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:42,840 Speaker 1: the Nazis took over France, they actually had a problem, 367 00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:47,280 Speaker 1: had serious problems logistically because of how many French people 368 00:19:47,359 --> 00:19:49,840 Speaker 1: were turning in their Jewish neighbors. They couldn't deal with 369 00:19:49,880 --> 00:19:52,480 Speaker 1: the sheer number of Jewish people being turned into them. Yeah, 370 00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:55,439 Speaker 1: it was way more normal to give up your Jewish 371 00:19:55,520 --> 00:19:57,600 Speaker 1: neighbors to the Nazis than it was to hide them 372 00:19:57,760 --> 00:20:00,760 Speaker 1: in a lot of Europe, but in France to yeah, 373 00:20:00,880 --> 00:20:03,480 Speaker 1: I know, like I have, we talked about so many times, 374 00:20:03,560 --> 00:20:06,000 Speaker 1: like the parallels in the end, like Syria and Rock 375 00:20:06,040 --> 00:20:09,320 Speaker 1: and Iran like and I have you know, some of 376 00:20:09,359 --> 00:20:12,080 Speaker 1: my homies out there, like we're trying to explain like 377 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:14,879 Speaker 1: how a caliphate kind of grows and this is a 378 00:20:14,880 --> 00:20:18,119 Speaker 1: lot of the thing too. It's like this these like 379 00:20:18,680 --> 00:20:21,280 Speaker 1: heavily armed dudes pull up to the house and are 380 00:20:21,359 --> 00:20:26,080 Speaker 1: like are you a Christian? And you're like, uh, nab 381 00:20:26,160 --> 00:20:29,120 Speaker 1: but they are, you know what I'm saying. And it's like, 382 00:20:29,440 --> 00:20:31,480 Speaker 1: you know, or you down for the Caliphate? You down 383 00:20:31,520 --> 00:20:34,400 Speaker 1: with us? And it's like, uh, well, day's data. Ones 384 00:20:34,480 --> 00:20:36,120 Speaker 1: down there said it's just like I just don't want 385 00:20:36,119 --> 00:20:38,400 Speaker 1: you to drag my daughter out of my house. So 386 00:20:38,880 --> 00:20:41,520 Speaker 1: yeah them, you know what I'm saying, he just turned 387 00:20:41,520 --> 00:20:42,800 Speaker 1: it down. The dude down the street, you know what 388 00:20:42,840 --> 00:20:44,800 Speaker 1: I'm saying. I don't know what they are, you know. 389 00:20:44,840 --> 00:20:47,000 Speaker 1: And and it's like a lot of people that signed 390 00:20:47,080 --> 00:20:50,760 Speaker 1: up didn't really sign up. They just you know what 391 00:20:50,760 --> 00:20:52,159 Speaker 1: I'm saying, It's just I just don't want you to 392 00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:53,920 Speaker 1: drag my grandma out of the street, you know what 393 00:20:53,960 --> 00:20:56,600 Speaker 1: I mean. Yeah, that's a factor in it. There's a 394 00:20:57,240 --> 00:21:00,879 Speaker 1: this is when we talk about the Holocaust. That's a 395 00:21:00,880 --> 00:21:03,600 Speaker 1: complicated factor because a lot of people would claim in 396 00:21:03,680 --> 00:21:07,399 Speaker 1: their defense later, like after during the Nuremberg Trial time 397 00:21:07,760 --> 00:21:09,840 Speaker 1: that they had been forced to carry These are mainly 398 00:21:09,880 --> 00:21:12,160 Speaker 1: German soldiers, they had been forced to carry out acts 399 00:21:12,160 --> 00:21:15,720 Speaker 1: of genocide, and a significant amount of scholarship shows that, 400 00:21:15,800 --> 00:21:19,320 Speaker 1: like it's actually was unheard of for German soldiers to 401 00:21:19,359 --> 00:21:23,399 Speaker 1: be punished for not engaging in acts of genocide. Um, 402 00:21:23,440 --> 00:21:24,679 Speaker 1: it was. It was a lot of a lot of 403 00:21:24,680 --> 00:21:26,080 Speaker 1: it was just it was a mix of like peer 404 00:21:26,119 --> 00:21:30,000 Speaker 1: pressure and like legitimate radicalization. But that's a whole Holocaust 405 00:21:30,040 --> 00:21:33,280 Speaker 1: is a whole another story. Um. But this is a 406 00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:35,199 Speaker 1: part of the story of the Holocaust. Though. This is 407 00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:39,480 Speaker 1: why part of why the French people in who are 408 00:21:39,520 --> 00:21:41,320 Speaker 1: taken by the Nazis are so willing to turn in 409 00:21:41,359 --> 00:21:45,440 Speaker 1: Jewish neighbors. You know. Um, and none of this should 410 00:21:45,480 --> 00:21:48,520 Speaker 1: be seen as like kind of uh ignoring the fact 411 00:21:48,600 --> 00:21:50,679 Speaker 1: that a lot of French people hid and protected their 412 00:21:50,720 --> 00:21:53,240 Speaker 1: Jewish neighbors. That actually makes them much more heroic. But 413 00:21:53,560 --> 00:21:57,200 Speaker 1: that was not the norm, you know. Um. So again, 414 00:21:57,240 --> 00:22:00,440 Speaker 1: the dry Fust affair gives birth to the ight wing 415 00:22:00,960 --> 00:22:05,520 Speaker 1: in France. Um and it it's it's like it leads 416 00:22:05,560 --> 00:22:08,960 Speaker 1: to this alternative media ecosystem that starts spreading propaganda at 417 00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:12,280 Speaker 1: a at a huge rate. Um. Now, France, obviously, World 418 00:22:12,280 --> 00:22:13,879 Speaker 1: War one comes around and France is one of the 419 00:22:13,920 --> 00:22:16,960 Speaker 1: co co belligerents in that war, and they suffered, you know, 420 00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:19,560 Speaker 1: terribly as a resulting at one point three million French 421 00:22:19,600 --> 00:22:22,800 Speaker 1: soldiers were killed and another million were left permanently disabled. 422 00:22:22,800 --> 00:22:25,280 Speaker 1: Which makes which means that like in that war, France 423 00:22:25,320 --> 00:22:27,639 Speaker 1: lost as many soldiers dead as the US has lost, 424 00:22:28,160 --> 00:22:29,719 Speaker 1: more than the US has lost in all of its 425 00:22:29,720 --> 00:22:35,440 Speaker 1: wars put together. Um damn. Yeah, it's bad. Um Yeah. 426 00:22:35,680 --> 00:22:38,960 Speaker 1: Seventy of French soldiers who mobilized for World War One 427 00:22:38,960 --> 00:22:41,600 Speaker 1: where either killed or wounded. Um. And this is not 428 00:22:41,680 --> 00:22:43,879 Speaker 1: just include white frenchmen. This includes a huge number of 429 00:22:43,920 --> 00:22:46,520 Speaker 1: colonial troops who were brought onto the continent by the 430 00:22:46,560 --> 00:22:48,639 Speaker 1: French government to make up for the fact that after 431 00:22:48,680 --> 00:22:51,159 Speaker 1: a while, German machine guns had them running low on 432 00:22:51,200 --> 00:22:54,000 Speaker 1: white dudes, you know. Um. And one of the stories 433 00:22:54,040 --> 00:22:55,600 Speaker 1: that's not talked about enough in World War One is 434 00:22:55,640 --> 00:22:58,360 Speaker 1: how many people from India, people from chunks of Africa, 435 00:22:58,480 --> 00:23:01,159 Speaker 1: from like all over the world, from the Middle East 436 00:23:01,480 --> 00:23:04,520 Speaker 1: were brought in to die on the Western Front because like, 437 00:23:05,119 --> 00:23:07,439 Speaker 1: we own these places and we can make them, you know, 438 00:23:08,480 --> 00:23:11,440 Speaker 1: beauty of colonialism. You can just yet pull bodies from anywhere, 439 00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:14,840 Speaker 1: pull them all from wherever. Now. The days and months 440 00:23:14,880 --> 00:23:17,679 Speaker 1: after World War One's closed brought a wave of revolutions 441 00:23:17,680 --> 00:23:20,560 Speaker 1: and insurrections across Europe. In Germany and Russia. As we've 442 00:23:20,560 --> 00:23:23,240 Speaker 1: talked about, all these trauma mad young veterans were major 443 00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:26,240 Speaker 1: instigators of unrest in what one scholar called the shatter 444 00:23:26,359 --> 00:23:30,639 Speaker 1: zones of the empires that died as the war's conclusion um, 445 00:23:30,720 --> 00:23:33,080 Speaker 1: which I think it's a neat term. You know, all 446 00:23:33,080 --> 00:23:36,639 Speaker 1: these paramilitary organizations start becoming more common, and Frances spared 447 00:23:36,680 --> 00:23:38,760 Speaker 1: the worst of this in part because you know, they 448 00:23:38,760 --> 00:23:40,680 Speaker 1: have their stab in the back from the War of 449 00:23:40,760 --> 00:23:43,760 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy. But then they win World War one, which 450 00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:48,080 Speaker 1: does kind of mean it reduces the avenues for radicalization. Right, 451 00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:50,399 Speaker 1: people aren't as angry because the war was terrible, but 452 00:23:50,440 --> 00:23:53,199 Speaker 1: they did win. You know, it's not as bad as 453 00:23:53,240 --> 00:23:55,280 Speaker 1: it is in Germany or you know, Italy one too, 454 00:23:55,280 --> 00:23:57,679 Speaker 1: but they kind of got screwed in the victory, you know, 455 00:23:58,520 --> 00:24:01,879 Speaker 1: so there there's a lot more resentant in those countries. Um. 456 00:24:02,000 --> 00:24:04,320 Speaker 1: France does have some unrest though, there's waves of strikes 457 00:24:04,320 --> 00:24:06,919 Speaker 1: in early nineteen nineteen, but these didn't really disrupt the 458 00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:10,919 Speaker 1: status quo. They did, however, terrify French conservatives. This was 459 00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:13,840 Speaker 1: largely because those conservatives weren't seeing the reality of the 460 00:24:13,840 --> 00:24:16,840 Speaker 1: strikes themselves, but were instead looking at the violence convulsing 461 00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:20,000 Speaker 1: Russia as a result of its recent revolution and being like, 462 00:24:21,080 --> 00:24:24,320 Speaker 1: that's what these people want to bring here, you know. Yeah, 463 00:24:24,520 --> 00:24:28,400 Speaker 1: so everybody's scared of whatever hell happened to Russia. Everybody is. Yeah, 464 00:24:28,480 --> 00:24:31,720 Speaker 1: it's a huge factor here, you know, and you have 465 00:24:31,800 --> 00:24:34,560 Speaker 1: to acknowledge that. Like we talk a lot about how 466 00:24:34,560 --> 00:24:36,560 Speaker 1: the people on the left are terrified about what they 467 00:24:36,560 --> 00:24:38,800 Speaker 1: see happening in France and Germany. People on the right 468 00:24:38,800 --> 00:24:41,000 Speaker 1: are terrified about what they see happening in Russia and 469 00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:43,560 Speaker 1: a lot of again, nine million people die in that war. 470 00:24:44,640 --> 00:24:48,000 Speaker 1: You have the Holodomor, which is five million Ukrainians being starved. 471 00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:50,320 Speaker 1: There's a result of some very fucked up policies. So 472 00:24:50,359 --> 00:24:53,280 Speaker 1: like they're not like when people are terrified as a 473 00:24:53,280 --> 00:24:56,000 Speaker 1: result of what's happening in Russia. It's not like you know, 474 00:24:56,080 --> 00:24:59,760 Speaker 1: today people being scared of cultural Marxism because you know, 475 00:25:00,480 --> 00:25:03,240 Speaker 1: someone wants to talk about slavery, you know, yeah, yeah, yeah, 476 00:25:03,280 --> 00:25:07,120 Speaker 1: basically they have very different that's a legitimate fear. Yeah, 477 00:25:07,359 --> 00:25:10,159 Speaker 1: there's they have a leg to stand on right now. Again, 478 00:25:10,200 --> 00:25:12,680 Speaker 1: they usually still take it to like, well now we 479 00:25:13,240 --> 00:25:15,199 Speaker 1: have to just do fascism, which is yeah, it's like 480 00:25:15,240 --> 00:25:19,440 Speaker 1: well bro, but but it's not quite the same. Um. So, 481 00:25:19,840 --> 00:25:22,879 Speaker 1: the fear of French conservatives were exacerbated by a pattern 482 00:25:22,880 --> 00:25:25,280 Speaker 1: of progressive social changes that came in the wars wake 483 00:25:25,600 --> 00:25:28,080 Speaker 1: the sheer number of men killed and rendered unable to work, 484 00:25:28,119 --> 00:25:30,080 Speaker 1: had to bring more women into the workplace. Right, you 485 00:25:30,119 --> 00:25:32,480 Speaker 1: have a bunch of men who can't take part in 486 00:25:32,560 --> 00:25:34,959 Speaker 1: capitalism anymore, so you got to bring in women. This 487 00:25:35,040 --> 00:25:37,520 Speaker 1: brings in expansions and women's rights and a broadening of 488 00:25:37,520 --> 00:25:40,920 Speaker 1: what was considered acceptable behavior. For the first time, large 489 00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:44,600 Speaker 1: numbers of French women were both sexually and financially independent 490 00:25:44,680 --> 00:25:49,080 Speaker 1: of men, and obviously this terrifies conservatives. Yeah, I can't 491 00:25:49,119 --> 00:25:52,920 Speaker 1: have women making decisions. Yeah, they might, they might decide 492 00:25:52,960 --> 00:25:56,920 Speaker 1: not to make more French babies, which is actually exactly 493 00:25:56,920 --> 00:25:59,960 Speaker 1: where this leads because something called the birthrate movement pop 494 00:26:00,160 --> 00:26:02,800 Speaker 1: up in this period of time. These guys are scared 495 00:26:02,920 --> 00:26:06,000 Speaker 1: at declining rates of French birth. Now, they started winding 496 00:26:06,040 --> 00:26:08,960 Speaker 1: in eighteen seventy one when Prussia beat France in that war, 497 00:26:09,280 --> 00:26:11,960 Speaker 1: because the French, right before they started blaming Jewish people, 498 00:26:12,200 --> 00:26:15,240 Speaker 1: blame the fact that French people women weren't having enough babies, 499 00:26:15,400 --> 00:26:17,440 Speaker 1: Like that's the thing, Like the right loses of war 500 00:26:17,520 --> 00:26:19,399 Speaker 1: and they're like they have to find a scapegoats. So 501 00:26:19,440 --> 00:26:21,679 Speaker 1: first it's the women, You're not making enough babies for 502 00:26:21,720 --> 00:26:27,280 Speaker 1: us to send into German guns, which is obviously like ridiculous. 503 00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:29,640 Speaker 1: We'll spoil an episode that we're going to drop soon. 504 00:26:29,800 --> 00:26:32,600 Speaker 1: The reason France loses that wars because they have brass 505 00:26:32,640 --> 00:26:35,840 Speaker 1: cannons that are basically Napoleonic artillery and the Germans have 506 00:26:35,960 --> 00:26:39,400 Speaker 1: modern steel cannons, and that's why France loses an eight one. 507 00:26:39,640 --> 00:26:42,359 Speaker 1: That's the real reason. It has nothing to do with birthrate. 508 00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:46,159 Speaker 1: Um yeah, how would it, like, I'm even trying to 509 00:26:46,160 --> 00:26:48,920 Speaker 1: follow your logic, Like, there's not that many Germans. Yeah, 510 00:26:48,960 --> 00:26:50,920 Speaker 1: it's not that media of it. What does Toddler gonna 511 00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:57,679 Speaker 1: do say exactly? Um? But yeah, it does say something 512 00:26:57,720 --> 00:26:59,520 Speaker 1: about the right wing that they're like, if we'd had 513 00:26:59,520 --> 00:27:05,440 Speaker 1: more always to send into their guns, we would have won. Yeah, okay, Um. 514 00:27:05,480 --> 00:27:08,359 Speaker 1: And then of course, like after they you know, after 515 00:27:08,720 --> 00:27:10,960 Speaker 1: a decade or so of blaming women, they start blaming 516 00:27:11,040 --> 00:27:15,560 Speaker 1: Jewish people. Uh So the kind of the birthrate movement 517 00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:19,480 Speaker 1: got even more like gained more traction after World War 518 00:27:19,480 --> 00:27:21,240 Speaker 1: One because at this point a lot of French dudes 519 00:27:21,280 --> 00:27:22,600 Speaker 1: had died, so they had a little bit more of 520 00:27:22,600 --> 00:27:24,240 Speaker 1: a leg to stand on, like we need to have 521 00:27:24,280 --> 00:27:26,000 Speaker 1: more babies because look at how many of our boys 522 00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:29,840 Speaker 1: got killed. A better answer think, I'm just like, man, 523 00:27:29,880 --> 00:27:32,359 Speaker 1: I always these dudes, like when I'm hearing them, just 524 00:27:32,400 --> 00:27:34,280 Speaker 1: the stabbing the back thing. And then then we had 525 00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:37,240 Speaker 1: no birthrate. I just wish these kids had like Little 526 00:27:37,280 --> 00:27:40,199 Speaker 1: League Baseball at some point to just like teach you 527 00:27:40,200 --> 00:27:43,360 Speaker 1: how to take a loss. Man, just take the loss, bro, 528 00:27:43,560 --> 00:27:46,600 Speaker 1: you lost none of them. That's the fucking thing. And 529 00:27:46,640 --> 00:27:49,920 Speaker 1: it's the same fucking thing for like the Hindenberg and 530 00:27:50,000 --> 00:27:53,880 Speaker 1: Ludendorf in Germany, where it's like, well, we can't accept 531 00:27:53,920 --> 00:27:56,239 Speaker 1: that we fucked up, right, it has to be it 532 00:27:56,280 --> 00:27:59,440 Speaker 1: has to be someone else's fault that we lost this war. Yeah, 533 00:27:59,520 --> 00:28:02,520 Speaker 1: just take the l bro. Like sometimes you know, hey, 534 00:28:02,800 --> 00:28:05,520 Speaker 1: you had a bad day, you know you just hey, 535 00:28:05,600 --> 00:28:08,359 Speaker 1: buck up, champ, like you just you took your lost, 536 00:28:08,440 --> 00:28:11,840 Speaker 1: all right, take everybody takes ls. Yeah, it's like the fact. 537 00:28:11,880 --> 00:28:14,800 Speaker 1: It's like it's like the American right wing blaming the 538 00:28:14,840 --> 00:28:19,159 Speaker 1: fact that we lost Vietnam on like teenagers protesting. It's like, no, dude, 539 00:28:19,680 --> 00:28:24,720 Speaker 1: like the Vietnamese kicked your ass. They were better better, 540 00:28:25,119 --> 00:28:29,080 Speaker 1: Like this is what happens. Sometimes you lose. Yeah, Usually 541 00:28:29,119 --> 00:28:32,320 Speaker 1: you lose when you do stupid shit, you like invade 542 00:28:32,400 --> 00:28:41,560 Speaker 1: Vietnam or invade Afghanistan. Should have been anyway. Yeah, So anyway, 543 00:28:41,600 --> 00:28:43,320 Speaker 1: obviously a bunch of members of the birth rate movement 544 00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:47,000 Speaker 1: get elected to government. They pushed legislation to encourage childbirth, YadA, YadA. 545 00:28:47,320 --> 00:28:50,840 Speaker 1: In nineteen twenty, a conservative government is elected and immediately 546 00:28:50,880 --> 00:28:53,000 Speaker 1: sets to pushing back against what they saw as a 547 00:28:53,160 --> 00:28:56,760 Speaker 1: rising and sinister communist left. They were opposed by the 548 00:28:56,840 --> 00:28:59,240 Speaker 1: labor government, which had been swelled by the war's need 549 00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:02,720 Speaker 1: for heavy industry. During the first six months of conservative power, 550 00:29:02,800 --> 00:29:07,480 Speaker 1: a series of strikes convulsed both French industry and public services. Still, 551 00:29:07,640 --> 00:29:09,120 Speaker 1: the start of the twenties was a good time to 552 00:29:09,160 --> 00:29:11,880 Speaker 1: be a French Conservative. The stain of defeat in eighteen 553 00:29:11,920 --> 00:29:14,440 Speaker 1: seventy one had been wiped out by victory over Germany. 554 00:29:14,600 --> 00:29:16,800 Speaker 1: The new right wing government was seen as being largely 555 00:29:16,840 --> 00:29:19,560 Speaker 1: composed of herobic veterans, even though this wasn't really true, 556 00:29:19,840 --> 00:29:22,080 Speaker 1: but the idea was that like, these guys are all heroes. 557 00:29:22,080 --> 00:29:25,080 Speaker 1: They're not normal, crooked politicians right there. They are men 558 00:29:25,160 --> 00:29:27,400 Speaker 1: of the Trench generation. They could be trusted to make 559 00:29:27,440 --> 00:29:31,160 Speaker 1: hard decisions to make France great again. So first on 560 00:29:31,240 --> 00:29:33,520 Speaker 1: the right wings agenda was of course, sticking it to 561 00:29:33,680 --> 00:29:37,120 Speaker 1: the Germans. Just defeat. The defeated nations did a lot 562 00:29:37,120 --> 00:29:39,440 Speaker 1: of money to France and reparations um and these were 563 00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:41,840 Speaker 1: seen not only as spoils of war, but were necessary 564 00:29:41,840 --> 00:29:44,200 Speaker 1: to revive the French economy because the French had gone 565 00:29:44,240 --> 00:29:46,320 Speaker 1: badly into debt to the United States in order to 566 00:29:46,480 --> 00:29:49,760 Speaker 1: continue fighting the war. So they need German reparations to 567 00:29:49,800 --> 00:29:54,920 Speaker 1: pay off the US. You know, um uh money because 568 00:29:54,920 --> 00:29:58,240 Speaker 1: I owe some money. Yeah, I need my money because yeah. 569 00:29:58,280 --> 00:30:00,800 Speaker 1: So when the Germans begged that they couldn't afford to 570 00:30:00,840 --> 00:30:03,800 Speaker 1: like feed their people and pay reparations, the French right 571 00:30:03,800 --> 00:30:06,720 Speaker 1: wing assumed that they were lying, and this newly formed 572 00:30:06,800 --> 00:30:09,720 Speaker 1: network of right wing newspapers in magazine starts spreading another 573 00:30:09,760 --> 00:30:12,840 Speaker 1: conspiracy theory. This one is that Germany actually hadn't been 574 00:30:12,880 --> 00:30:15,160 Speaker 1: all that badly hurt in World War One. They just 575 00:30:15,320 --> 00:30:18,160 Speaker 1: faked a surrender so that they could rebuild their military 576 00:30:18,200 --> 00:30:21,360 Speaker 1: and sneak attack Germany. All of their complaints about economic 577 00:30:21,400 --> 00:30:24,640 Speaker 1: collapse and inflation and starvation were lies meant to lull 578 00:30:24,720 --> 00:30:29,360 Speaker 1: the French into a false sense of security, which yeah, 579 00:30:29,640 --> 00:30:33,520 Speaker 1: is not the case. So the Germans stopped paying reparations 580 00:30:33,560 --> 00:30:36,040 Speaker 1: because they were literally on the verge of societal collapse, 581 00:30:36,080 --> 00:30:38,960 Speaker 1: and the French government sends in troops to occupy Germany's 582 00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:41,880 Speaker 1: industrial heartland. And of course a big one of the 583 00:30:41,920 --> 00:30:43,400 Speaker 1: things that happened in this period is a lot of 584 00:30:43,400 --> 00:30:46,240 Speaker 1: the troops they send over are like black people from 585 00:30:46,480 --> 00:30:49,960 Speaker 1: their colonial possessions, which really jump starts a lot of 586 00:30:50,040 --> 00:30:53,760 Speaker 1: racism in Germany, um because like, you know, nobody ever 587 00:30:53,800 --> 00:30:57,760 Speaker 1: likes the occupying soldiers. Nobody, Yeah, nobody wants the messenger. 588 00:30:58,120 --> 00:31:02,240 Speaker 1: Yeah exactly. Umviously, Still one time I feel like in 589 00:31:02,320 --> 00:31:04,800 Speaker 1: this age, or in this era of history where I 590 00:31:04,840 --> 00:31:07,760 Speaker 1: feel like I have a little more mercy for Germany 591 00:31:07,960 --> 00:31:11,280 Speaker 1: when they're just like, dog, we may look, man, we 592 00:31:11,320 --> 00:31:14,360 Speaker 1: ain't got it. Dog Like we just I ain't got it, 593 00:31:14,520 --> 00:31:16,200 Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. It's like it's your fault. 594 00:31:16,760 --> 00:31:18,760 Speaker 1: Don't get me wrong, it's your fault. But you can't 595 00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:20,920 Speaker 1: squeeze water out of a turn up fan. Yeah, I mean, 596 00:31:20,960 --> 00:31:23,880 Speaker 1: they're fucking like the thing that they're guilty of in 597 00:31:23,960 --> 00:31:27,160 Speaker 1: World War One in that era, and the reason that 598 00:31:27,280 --> 00:31:29,880 Speaker 1: like France and Germany come down so hard on them 599 00:31:29,920 --> 00:31:31,880 Speaker 1: is like they're primarily guilty of wanting to do what 600 00:31:31,920 --> 00:31:33,880 Speaker 1: France and Germany had been doing for two, two or 601 00:31:33,920 --> 00:31:37,000 Speaker 1: three centuries. You know, they wanted an empire. They're like, 602 00:31:37,000 --> 00:31:38,600 Speaker 1: well everyone else gets to do it. Why don't we 603 00:31:38,640 --> 00:31:42,800 Speaker 1: get it's bad to want an empire? Obviously, what the 604 00:31:42,800 --> 00:31:44,640 Speaker 1: Germans do some really messed up stuff in the Maybia 605 00:31:44,680 --> 00:31:48,680 Speaker 1: carry out a genlside themselves like but also up to 606 00:31:48,720 --> 00:31:51,040 Speaker 1: World War One and including World War One, if you're 607 00:31:51,040 --> 00:31:53,800 Speaker 1: looking at like the number of crimes against humanity committed 608 00:31:53,840 --> 00:32:01,080 Speaker 1: by Germany versus France or England, not even Yeah. In 609 00:32:01,200 --> 00:32:04,240 Speaker 1: nineteen twenty four, the French Conservatives get their asses handed 610 00:32:04,240 --> 00:32:06,800 Speaker 1: to them in a landslide election, and the victors in 611 00:32:06,800 --> 00:32:10,920 Speaker 1: this election are an alliance between socialists and radicals. Now 612 00:32:11,800 --> 00:32:15,040 Speaker 1: again because everything in Frances backward, the Socialists were the 613 00:32:15,080 --> 00:32:19,160 Speaker 1: furthest electorally relevant left wing party. So the Socialists are 614 00:32:19,200 --> 00:32:21,200 Speaker 1: like as far less like the Bernie Sanders, as far 615 00:32:21,280 --> 00:32:23,400 Speaker 1: left as you could be in French politics and still 616 00:32:23,440 --> 00:32:25,480 Speaker 1: get elected. Obviously they're further left in than Bernie, but 617 00:32:25,600 --> 00:32:27,440 Speaker 1: like they're as far left as you can be in 618 00:32:27,480 --> 00:32:30,920 Speaker 1: France and get elected. The Communists hate the Socialists in 619 00:32:30,960 --> 00:32:33,080 Speaker 1: a lot of cases because the Communists are further left 620 00:32:33,080 --> 00:32:34,720 Speaker 1: than that and they're not really as relevant in the 621 00:32:34,720 --> 00:32:38,200 Speaker 1: government as a result. The Radicals are the exact opposite 622 00:32:38,200 --> 00:32:40,320 Speaker 1: of with the sound like, the Radicals have the same 623 00:32:40,360 --> 00:32:42,640 Speaker 1: kind of position in France, and this is at this 624 00:32:42,680 --> 00:32:46,280 Speaker 1: period as Democrats do. They're the center left right, the 625 00:32:46,320 --> 00:32:51,080 Speaker 1: majority left. Um So, the Radicals are not radicals and 626 00:32:51,120 --> 00:32:54,360 Speaker 1: the Socialists are not communists, but they are far left 627 00:32:54,400 --> 00:32:58,400 Speaker 1: for French politics. Again, everything in Frances backward. Um So, 628 00:32:58,520 --> 00:33:01,280 Speaker 1: the Radicals and Socialists had work together in the past. 629 00:33:01,520 --> 00:33:04,240 Speaker 1: Um they were allied, and that they all kind of 630 00:33:04,280 --> 00:33:08,560 Speaker 1: broadly supported human rights, democracy and anti clericalism, pushing against 631 00:33:08,560 --> 00:33:11,200 Speaker 1: like the Catholic Church. But they didn't get along on 632 00:33:11,280 --> 00:33:13,880 Speaker 1: much else. The Radicals were the party of like the 633 00:33:13,880 --> 00:33:17,600 Speaker 1: petite bourgeoisie, the lower middle class, small business owners and 634 00:33:17,640 --> 00:33:21,240 Speaker 1: successful peasants. They were big on individualism and self reliance 635 00:33:21,280 --> 00:33:24,520 Speaker 1: and of course property ownership as a method of social advancement. 636 00:33:24,840 --> 00:33:29,320 Speaker 1: The Socialists are socialists. Their partnerships were always awkward, and 637 00:33:29,360 --> 00:33:31,640 Speaker 1: for one thing, the Socialist Party had a standing rule 638 00:33:31,680 --> 00:33:34,440 Speaker 1: that none of their deputies were allowed to accept ministerial 639 00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:37,520 Speaker 1: posts and radical governments because they saw themselves as a 640 00:33:37,560 --> 00:33:40,600 Speaker 1: Marxist revolutionary party and if they were seen as working 641 00:33:40,600 --> 00:33:43,400 Speaker 1: within a liberal government, the Communists would eat them alive 642 00:33:43,440 --> 00:33:47,440 Speaker 1: and suck in their disaffected members. So they get elected 643 00:33:47,440 --> 00:33:50,480 Speaker 1: to what is effectively French Parliament or Congress or whatever. 644 00:33:50,920 --> 00:33:53,480 Speaker 1: They have deputies, but they won't serve in the government 645 00:33:53,520 --> 00:33:56,440 Speaker 1: of the radical majority, because that would mean compromising the 646 00:33:56,480 --> 00:33:59,040 Speaker 1: fact that they're Marxist revolutionaries and the lose members to 647 00:33:59,080 --> 00:34:01,840 Speaker 1: the communists then, and the communists hate the socialists because 648 00:34:01,840 --> 00:34:04,720 Speaker 1: they're willing to get like elected at all, basically, um, 649 00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:07,080 Speaker 1: and they're willing to work with the radicals. It's very 650 00:34:07,200 --> 00:34:09,640 Speaker 1: very complicated and domb but it's also like basically what 651 00:34:09,760 --> 00:34:13,040 Speaker 1: happens between the left all the time. Right, you've got 652 00:34:13,080 --> 00:34:15,560 Speaker 1: the left that wants to actually govern, and you've got 653 00:34:15,600 --> 00:34:18,239 Speaker 1: the left that's like the system is so fucked up 654 00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:22,520 Speaker 1: that governing means buying into the things that we're fighting against, 655 00:34:22,560 --> 00:34:28,879 Speaker 1: you know. Yeah. Yeah. Despite the fact that actual socialists 656 00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:32,920 Speaker 1: like weren't taking uh weren't willing to take up ministerial jobs, 657 00:34:32,960 --> 00:34:35,399 Speaker 1: and the fact that the left coalition didn't agree on much, 658 00:34:35,680 --> 00:34:38,480 Speaker 1: the election of this new government, which is called the cartel, 659 00:34:38,880 --> 00:34:41,960 Speaker 1: drives the right wing completely bug fuck and I'm sure 660 00:34:42,000 --> 00:34:44,919 Speaker 1: Americans can understand what that look like. The conservative print 661 00:34:44,960 --> 00:34:48,120 Speaker 1: media basically calls this stage one of a Communist invasion. 662 00:34:48,480 --> 00:34:52,200 Speaker 1: The socialists, who the communists hated were considered to be 663 00:34:52,280 --> 00:34:55,760 Speaker 1: just the same as the communists revolutionaries and Sheep's clothing 664 00:34:56,520 --> 00:34:59,520 Speaker 1: In nineteen twenty six, the Cartel really pisss off the 665 00:34:59,600 --> 00:35:02,800 Speaker 1: right way when they approved the Washington Accords, which guaranteed 666 00:35:02,880 --> 00:35:04,840 Speaker 1: that France would keep repaying her ward at to the 667 00:35:04,920 --> 00:35:08,720 Speaker 1: United States even if Germany defaulted on their payments to France. 668 00:35:09,040 --> 00:35:11,520 Speaker 1: At the same time, the Cartel brings the Germans into 669 00:35:11,560 --> 00:35:14,160 Speaker 1: the League of Nations. The Cartel in France are like 670 00:35:14,200 --> 00:35:18,320 Speaker 1: this liberal government, they're trying to rehabilitate Germany because Germany 671 00:35:18,440 --> 00:35:20,160 Speaker 1: is kind of socialist at this point. They're like, let's 672 00:35:20,160 --> 00:35:23,200 Speaker 1: bring them back into the national community, like we can't 673 00:35:23,280 --> 00:35:25,680 Speaker 1: keep ostracizing them as a result of World War One, 674 00:35:26,040 --> 00:35:28,640 Speaker 1: and part of bringing Germany back in as they negotiate 675 00:35:28,680 --> 00:35:32,000 Speaker 1: a more reasonable repayment arrangement with Germany that the right 676 00:35:32,040 --> 00:35:34,440 Speaker 1: wing sees is the left selling out the country and 677 00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:41,560 Speaker 1: it's war dead, right, So yeah, you just oh, man, yeah, 678 00:35:41,719 --> 00:35:44,879 Speaker 1: I'm getting I feel like I'm feeling itchy on my back. Man. 679 00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:48,520 Speaker 1: You know, everyone knows where this is going, yes, like 680 00:35:48,880 --> 00:35:50,759 Speaker 1: and then and then the thing is this, it's like 681 00:35:51,440 --> 00:35:53,440 Speaker 1: in the same way that we call that y'all call 682 00:35:53,560 --> 00:35:56,960 Speaker 1: Bernie Sanders a radical leftist, I'm like talking about Bernie 683 00:35:57,000 --> 00:35:59,560 Speaker 1: Sanders sawing my stuff that they do in Canada. You 684 00:35:59,560 --> 00:36:02,680 Speaker 1: don't say, yeah, the communist bastion of Canada, you know 685 00:36:02,680 --> 00:36:06,480 Speaker 1: what I'm saying. So like he ain't really radically not 686 00:36:06,640 --> 00:36:08,719 Speaker 1: really that you know what I'm saying, lightweight, you know. 687 00:36:08,880 --> 00:36:11,640 Speaker 1: And when I compare like a party to like they're 688 00:36:11,640 --> 00:36:14,040 Speaker 1: the Bidens or whatever, I'm not saying They're politics are 689 00:36:14,080 --> 00:36:16,279 Speaker 1: like it, it's like a comparative thing, like, yeah, I 690 00:36:16,320 --> 00:36:18,880 Speaker 1: get the scale. I totally I'm totally following the scale, 691 00:36:18,960 --> 00:36:22,399 Speaker 1: and I'm saying, yeah, in this scenario, it's like what 692 00:36:22,440 --> 00:36:27,839 Speaker 1: they're suggesting is reasonable. They you're not gonna get your money. Yeah, 693 00:36:28,320 --> 00:36:30,400 Speaker 1: you're not gonna get your money if you kill the Germans. 694 00:36:30,440 --> 00:36:32,520 Speaker 1: Let's bring them back in and let them rebuild and 695 00:36:32,560 --> 00:36:35,440 Speaker 1: will eventually get paid if they slow, please be like 696 00:36:35,480 --> 00:36:37,920 Speaker 1: this if we never rehabilitate them. It's the same thing 697 00:36:37,960 --> 00:36:42,680 Speaker 1: with like with like prison reform exactly this like it's 698 00:36:42,760 --> 00:36:44,880 Speaker 1: just gonna keep No, we have to do this, this 699 00:36:44,920 --> 00:36:47,840 Speaker 1: is reasonable. We're not going to get the result that 700 00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:51,200 Speaker 1: we both want. So let me just and you talk him. 701 00:36:51,239 --> 00:36:55,680 Speaker 1: I'm selling you out, Okay, I'm getting itchy. Yeah. Yeah, 702 00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:58,440 Speaker 1: So the years that Cartel is in power are basically 703 00:36:58,480 --> 00:37:01,680 Speaker 1: a constant stream of outrage porn for the now exploding 704 00:37:01,760 --> 00:37:06,840 Speaker 1: right wing media ecosystem. Okay, newspapers like Action, Francois, Candied 705 00:37:07,120 --> 00:37:11,160 Speaker 1: which means Candid, Gringore, and Jsuit Partu which means I 706 00:37:11,200 --> 00:37:14,120 Speaker 1: Am Everywhere reach hundreds of thousands and eventually more than 707 00:37:14,160 --> 00:37:18,600 Speaker 1: a million conservative French readers. The first of these was Candide, 708 00:37:18,680 --> 00:37:21,399 Speaker 1: which had been established in eighteen sixty five and from 709 00:37:21,480 --> 00:37:25,239 Speaker 1: the beginning was both anti democratic and anti Semitic. When 710 00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:28,800 Speaker 1: Communism kind of went viral worldwide, it added violently anti 711 00:37:28,840 --> 00:37:32,520 Speaker 1: communists to its repertoire. Candied was followed by gring Oar, 712 00:37:32,800 --> 00:37:35,879 Speaker 1: which was named after a French journalist, and Jesuite Part 713 00:37:35,880 --> 00:37:39,520 Speaker 1: two was initially not anti semitic or right wing, but 714 00:37:39,520 --> 00:37:42,160 Speaker 1: throughout the nineteen twenties, at the direction of its head editor, 715 00:37:42,400 --> 00:37:44,879 Speaker 1: the paper got more and more extreme. In the late 716 00:37:44,880 --> 00:37:47,640 Speaker 1: twenties and early thirties, it goes all in from Mussolini 717 00:37:47,680 --> 00:37:50,080 Speaker 1: and it starts to get progressively anti semitic, until by 718 00:37:50,120 --> 00:37:53,360 Speaker 1: the late nineteen thirties it was literally just a Nazi magazine. 719 00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:56,040 Speaker 1: So these are like the big the big names, and 720 00:37:56,160 --> 00:38:03,279 Speaker 1: right wing media can yeah, candy Gringo. Anyway, So in 721 00:38:03,320 --> 00:38:05,640 Speaker 1: the early years of the cartel, well, the French left is, 722 00:38:05,680 --> 00:38:08,839 Speaker 1: like I think, objectively, being pretty reasonable. The French right 723 00:38:08,840 --> 00:38:12,359 Speaker 1: wing is losing its entire damn mind. And as will 724 00:38:12,400 --> 00:38:15,480 Speaker 1: again sound familiar to everyone, the right wing reacts to 725 00:38:15,520 --> 00:38:18,480 Speaker 1: the left having some success by forming a system of 726 00:38:18,560 --> 00:38:20,759 Speaker 1: violent street fighting gangs so they could beat up their 727 00:38:20,760 --> 00:38:23,600 Speaker 1: opponents in the streets. Um. This was of course part 728 00:38:23,640 --> 00:38:26,120 Speaker 1: of a trend in Europe that exploded from nineteen nineteen 729 00:38:26,160 --> 00:38:28,200 Speaker 1: to nineteen twenty three or so. We've talked about this 730 00:38:28,239 --> 00:38:30,560 Speaker 1: both in the case of Italy and Germany. Now again 731 00:38:30,560 --> 00:38:33,400 Speaker 1: in France, there's less unrest and there's less angry veterans 732 00:38:33,440 --> 00:38:35,399 Speaker 1: who want to tear down to the state because they 733 00:38:35,440 --> 00:38:37,800 Speaker 1: in that state had won their war. So it takes 734 00:38:37,840 --> 00:38:41,080 Speaker 1: longer in France for a paramilitary culture to really kick off. 735 00:38:41,440 --> 00:38:44,200 Speaker 1: One of the most direct causes comes in nineteen twenty four, 736 00:38:44,280 --> 00:38:47,560 Speaker 1: as the study France and Fascism by Brian Jenkins notes, 737 00:38:48,360 --> 00:38:51,960 Speaker 1: the right suspicions about revolutionary and anti national nature of 738 00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:55,319 Speaker 1: the Cartel were apparently confirmed in November nineteen twenty four, 739 00:38:55,320 --> 00:38:58,279 Speaker 1: when the government sanctioned the internment of the ashes of 740 00:38:58,320 --> 00:39:02,719 Speaker 1: the socialist founding father ganjare in the pantheon, while socialists 741 00:39:02,719 --> 00:39:05,360 Speaker 1: and radicals led a cortage to the Temple of the Republic. 742 00:39:05,520 --> 00:39:09,360 Speaker 1: The conservative press focused on a communist counter demonstration held 743 00:39:09,360 --> 00:39:12,719 Speaker 1: in protest at the parliamentary left hijacking of j A. 744 00:39:13,520 --> 00:39:16,280 Speaker 1: The presence of noisy communists in the streets with socialist 745 00:39:16,280 --> 00:39:19,600 Speaker 1: and radical deputy suggested that the cartel had accepted Bolsheviks 746 00:39:19,640 --> 00:39:22,040 Speaker 1: into its ranks, and the Chamber of Deputies right wing 747 00:39:22,080 --> 00:39:26,439 Speaker 1: deputy Pierre Tattinger denounced the revolutionary saturnalia of the day, 748 00:39:26,440 --> 00:39:29,239 Speaker 1: which he claimed he had witnessed a true outbreak of 749 00:39:29,280 --> 00:39:33,840 Speaker 1: revolution from the international underworld that infects France. Tattinger promised 750 00:39:33,880 --> 00:39:36,000 Speaker 1: that if the government could not take matters into hand, 751 00:39:36,239 --> 00:39:38,799 Speaker 1: the leagues of public safety are ready to defend and 752 00:39:38,880 --> 00:39:42,759 Speaker 1: save are threatened society. Now the leagues are these, these 753 00:39:42,800 --> 00:39:46,759 Speaker 1: militant organizations, the street organizations. So what happens here is 754 00:39:47,000 --> 00:39:49,960 Speaker 1: this socialist guy's ashes get brought back to France. It's 755 00:39:49,960 --> 00:39:52,520 Speaker 1: like founder of the French Socialist Party and the socialists 756 00:39:52,520 --> 00:39:54,840 Speaker 1: and the radicals is kind of a demonstration of left unity. 757 00:39:55,040 --> 00:39:58,759 Speaker 1: Have a have a ceremony for this this dead socialist. 758 00:39:59,160 --> 00:40:02,360 Speaker 1: The communists who hate everybody who's not a communist have 759 00:40:02,480 --> 00:40:05,400 Speaker 1: their own rally, and they're more extreme, but they're very tiny, 760 00:40:05,440 --> 00:40:07,440 Speaker 1: and they obviously hate the rest of the left. The 761 00:40:07,520 --> 00:40:10,879 Speaker 1: conservative media looks at just the communist demonstration says, that's 762 00:40:10,880 --> 00:40:12,560 Speaker 1: all of them, that's the whole left. They're all like 763 00:40:12,640 --> 00:40:19,160 Speaker 1: these guys again, it's all the same, nothing changes, nothing changes, 764 00:40:19,320 --> 00:40:21,759 Speaker 1: you know, isn't going to change me asking you to 765 00:40:21,800 --> 00:40:28,360 Speaker 1: take an ad yep, you know who won't uh radicalize 766 00:40:28,920 --> 00:40:36,960 Speaker 1: the French right over anti semitism based on Communist demonstrations 767 00:40:36,960 --> 00:40:41,399 Speaker 1: taken out of context? Yeah, man, hopefully these uh, these 768 00:40:41,480 --> 00:40:54,400 Speaker 1: other podcasts, these other podcasts or whatever advertising that. All right, 769 00:40:54,440 --> 00:40:57,400 Speaker 1: we're back. So this guy, I know you're gonna say that, Yeah, 770 00:40:57,480 --> 00:41:01,680 Speaker 1: you got your own so the sky. Pierre Tattinger, who 771 00:41:01,719 --> 00:41:04,080 Speaker 1: will talk about in a bit, is a big advocate 772 00:41:04,080 --> 00:41:06,360 Speaker 1: of these leagues, these right wing street fighting gangs, and 773 00:41:06,400 --> 00:41:10,439 Speaker 1: he keeps like for years afterwards, he will talk about 774 00:41:10,560 --> 00:41:14,400 Speaker 1: November nineteen twenty four, this like one communist rally as 775 00:41:14,440 --> 00:41:16,520 Speaker 1: and use it as like the whole reason why the 776 00:41:16,640 --> 00:41:19,799 Speaker 1: entire left needs to be defeated. Um and a lot 777 00:41:19,920 --> 00:41:22,759 Speaker 1: of like a huge chunk of Catholics and nationalists in 778 00:41:22,800 --> 00:41:26,319 Speaker 1: France believe that like, based on again this one demonstration, 779 00:41:26,600 --> 00:41:30,479 Speaker 1: a communist revolution is like right about to happen. Now. 780 00:41:31,239 --> 00:41:33,040 Speaker 1: This was made worse by the fact that the mid 781 00:41:33,160 --> 00:41:36,880 Speaker 1: nineteen sufferance suffering economic contraction that, while not as severe 782 00:41:36,920 --> 00:41:40,040 Speaker 1: as the one experienced by Germany, was pretty bad. Now 783 00:41:40,040 --> 00:41:42,160 Speaker 1: you mix that in with a declining birth rate, and 784 00:41:42,239 --> 00:41:45,480 Speaker 1: as Brian Jenkins rights quote, in comparison to the dynamic 785 00:41:45,520 --> 00:41:49,080 Speaker 1: and youthful regimes abroad, such as Mussolini's Italian Fascist State, 786 00:41:49,360 --> 00:41:52,239 Speaker 1: the Republic did not seem fit for purpose. Sections of 787 00:41:52,280 --> 00:41:55,080 Speaker 1: the right thus looked for a solution beyond the institutions 788 00:41:55,080 --> 00:41:58,560 Speaker 1: of the regime to violent extra parliamentary groups known as leagues. 789 00:41:59,120 --> 00:42:02,080 Speaker 1: So Frances have trouble here, and the right, rather than 790 00:42:02,160 --> 00:42:04,640 Speaker 1: like trying to take any accurate stock of things, looks 791 00:42:04,680 --> 00:42:07,200 Speaker 1: at the propaganda coming out of the Italian Fascist state, 792 00:42:07,239 --> 00:42:09,560 Speaker 1: which is not accurate, and it's like, see, everything is 793 00:42:09,560 --> 00:42:13,799 Speaker 1: great in Italy. Why don't we do that? Oh my god, yeah, 794 00:42:13,880 --> 00:42:18,600 Speaker 1: oh my god, dude, it's great. Uh So the leagues 795 00:42:18,640 --> 00:42:21,080 Speaker 1: are not quite like the black Shirts or the free Corps. 796 00:42:21,080 --> 00:42:23,320 Speaker 1: They're not heavily armed. Most of them are veterans, but 797 00:42:23,320 --> 00:42:26,200 Speaker 1: they don't have like machine guns generally and like massive 798 00:42:26,239 --> 00:42:29,640 Speaker 1: Like they're not private armies. They're groups of combat veterans 799 00:42:29,680 --> 00:42:32,200 Speaker 1: generally who want to like drink and fight in the 800 00:42:32,239 --> 00:42:35,279 Speaker 1: streets against the left. One of the first leagues was 801 00:42:35,320 --> 00:42:38,680 Speaker 1: founded by that Pierre Tattinger, and he called them the 802 00:42:38,760 --> 00:42:42,320 Speaker 1: Juness Patriots or the Young Patriots, and they were initially 803 00:42:42,360 --> 00:42:44,640 Speaker 1: the youth wing of the League of Patriots, which was 804 00:42:44,760 --> 00:42:50,640 Speaker 1: a political organization the same it's it's yeah, the Young Republicans, right, 805 00:42:50,760 --> 00:42:55,319 Speaker 1: turn the point USA or whatever. Patriots like, they're all 806 00:42:55,360 --> 00:43:01,200 Speaker 1: proud boys, you know, they're all proud, proud boys. So 807 00:43:01,360 --> 00:43:03,800 Speaker 1: a lot of people on the left recognize the League's 808 00:43:03,800 --> 00:43:07,360 Speaker 1: as a threat um and they are. One French leftist 809 00:43:07,480 --> 00:43:10,520 Speaker 1: Louver noted that since Mussolini's March on Rome, one could 810 00:43:10,600 --> 00:43:12,720 Speaker 1: no longer so much as walk in the street without 811 00:43:12,719 --> 00:43:14,880 Speaker 1: wearing a colored shirt. You know, he's talking about like 812 00:43:14,960 --> 00:43:16,800 Speaker 1: they've got you've got the black shirts and Rome the 813 00:43:16,840 --> 00:43:18,640 Speaker 1: brown search in Germany, and now like all of our 814 00:43:18,640 --> 00:43:21,040 Speaker 1: guys have their own shirts, their own colored shirts for 815 00:43:21,080 --> 00:43:24,440 Speaker 1: each league's and he warns that Louver warns that if 816 00:43:24,480 --> 00:43:27,480 Speaker 1: these leagues were able to like stop fighting each other 817 00:43:27,520 --> 00:43:30,880 Speaker 1: over petty bullshit and could unite under a single charismatic leader, 818 00:43:31,560 --> 00:43:33,759 Speaker 1: the way would be open for what he called the 819 00:43:33,840 --> 00:43:37,360 Speaker 1: rule of castor Oil and the grenade. So like, basically, 820 00:43:37,360 --> 00:43:39,520 Speaker 1: we've got all these fascists. If they could unify behind 821 00:43:39,560 --> 00:43:42,560 Speaker 1: one guy, we're in trouble. You know, there's the castor 822 00:43:42,600 --> 00:43:46,080 Speaker 1: oil again. Yeah, it's a real thing in this period. 823 00:43:46,760 --> 00:43:51,280 Speaker 1: So in this the left wing fear was you know, accurate, reasonable, 824 00:43:51,280 --> 00:43:54,920 Speaker 1: but perhaps a bit premature. The French leagues regularly reprinted 825 00:43:54,920 --> 00:43:58,200 Speaker 1: fascist brockpaganda and definitely admired the black Shirts, but they 826 00:43:58,200 --> 00:44:00,680 Speaker 1: were also French, and if you know anything about France, 827 00:44:00,680 --> 00:44:02,799 Speaker 1: it's that France kind of hates the idea of other 828 00:44:02,840 --> 00:44:06,120 Speaker 1: people's cultures coming into France and gaining influence. They are 829 00:44:06,280 --> 00:44:09,600 Speaker 1: very proud of being French, and even French proto fascists, 830 00:44:09,800 --> 00:44:13,080 Speaker 1: like their Spanish counterparts, were kind of didn't like would 831 00:44:13,160 --> 00:44:16,799 Speaker 1: argue that they didn't want fascism because fascisms with foreign ideology, right, 832 00:44:17,000 --> 00:44:19,120 Speaker 1: we were extreme rightists, but we want our own French 833 00:44:19,239 --> 00:44:21,120 Speaker 1: version of that. We don't want to like steal from Italy. 834 00:44:21,120 --> 00:44:23,200 Speaker 1: We're France, We're better than that. I was like, that's pretty, 835 00:44:23,200 --> 00:44:26,480 Speaker 1: that's pretty on brand France. Yeah, it's very rand France, 836 00:44:26,719 --> 00:44:31,160 Speaker 1: very France. Yea. So, one scholar named Dobris calls this 837 00:44:31,280 --> 00:44:34,560 Speaker 1: the dilemma of the authoritarian nationalist, which is the fact 838 00:44:34,600 --> 00:44:38,480 Speaker 1: that nationalists want to be authentically of their nation because 839 00:44:38,480 --> 00:44:43,040 Speaker 1: fascism tends to gain power by reacting against purported foreign influence. Um. 840 00:44:43,080 --> 00:44:45,360 Speaker 1: But at the same time they want to imitate successful 841 00:44:45,400 --> 00:44:47,759 Speaker 1: authoritarians abroad, and this creates a problem for a lot 842 00:44:47,760 --> 00:44:50,719 Speaker 1: of fascists. We again, we saw the same thing in France. Now, 843 00:44:50,840 --> 00:44:53,520 Speaker 1: the struggle within the French right over this continued through 844 00:44:53,560 --> 00:44:55,840 Speaker 1: the mid nineteen twenties while the Leagues went through what 845 00:44:55,920 --> 00:44:59,799 Speaker 1: Dobris calls an apprenticeship period to the Fascist International. So 846 00:45:00,040 --> 00:45:03,319 Speaker 1: French Shire behind the German and Italian fascist they're not 847 00:45:03,400 --> 00:45:06,120 Speaker 1: as as quick. They're kind of learning from them, right, 848 00:45:06,120 --> 00:45:09,800 Speaker 1: and they're slower on the uptake as a result. Um. Now, 849 00:45:09,840 --> 00:45:12,120 Speaker 1: because a lot of awful lot of French League members 850 00:45:12,120 --> 00:45:14,759 Speaker 1: were veterans, the League's benefited from what became known as 851 00:45:14,800 --> 00:45:18,320 Speaker 1: the veterans mystique, which was a near worship in France 852 00:45:18,360 --> 00:45:21,640 Speaker 1: of what we're called the Front generation. People celebrated the 853 00:45:21,719 --> 00:45:25,399 Speaker 1: trench ocracy, which is like the democracy of the trenches. Right. Um, 854 00:45:25,400 --> 00:45:27,640 Speaker 1: this is huge in Europe. It's not just in France, 855 00:45:27,680 --> 00:45:29,839 Speaker 1: because in Germany Hitler makes a lot of hay out 856 00:45:29,840 --> 00:45:31,840 Speaker 1: of the fact that he'd been a corporal in the trenches, 857 00:45:31,880 --> 00:45:35,040 Speaker 1: not like an officer or a nobleman, but a normal soldier. Um. 858 00:45:35,080 --> 00:45:37,799 Speaker 1: But I think Americans can understand how like right wing 859 00:45:37,840 --> 00:45:41,360 Speaker 1: groups can use veneration of veterans as a way to 860 00:45:41,719 --> 00:45:47,360 Speaker 1: push their own radical lens, you know. Um. Yeah. Brian 861 00:45:47,440 --> 00:45:49,919 Speaker 1: Jenkins writes about how one right wing fire brand named 862 00:45:49,960 --> 00:45:53,720 Speaker 1: The Law used the idea of the pure trench warrior. Quote. 863 00:45:53,960 --> 00:45:56,759 Speaker 1: The Law warned veterans that the Republic had sabotaged the 864 00:45:56,800 --> 00:45:59,560 Speaker 1: hard won gains of the war. Only the installation of 865 00:45:59,560 --> 00:46:03,080 Speaker 1: a fashionist and dictatorial combatant state would restore France to 866 00:46:03,239 --> 00:46:07,040 Speaker 1: the politics of victory. Likewise, the Young Patriots leader Tatinger 867 00:46:07,320 --> 00:46:09,759 Speaker 1: extolled the virtue of the new elite born of war. 868 00:46:10,040 --> 00:46:12,839 Speaker 1: His group alleged that the cartel had sabotaged the fruits 869 00:46:12,880 --> 00:46:15,680 Speaker 1: of the war and clipped the wings of victory. These 870 00:46:15,760 --> 00:46:19,440 Speaker 1: Leagues were not attracted solely to the veterans supposed moral quantities. 871 00:46:19,640 --> 00:46:22,760 Speaker 1: Only veterans were purported to join the Young Patriots Iron 872 00:46:22,840 --> 00:46:27,799 Speaker 1: Brigade and the Legions, both elite paramilitary action squads. Now, 873 00:46:27,800 --> 00:46:30,560 Speaker 1: obviously most veterans don't join the League's uh, and a 874 00:46:30,560 --> 00:46:34,200 Speaker 1: lot of them also joined communist veterans organizations. But the 875 00:46:34,200 --> 00:46:36,880 Speaker 1: worship of veterans and the idea that the sacrifices of 876 00:46:36,960 --> 00:46:39,600 Speaker 1: nineteen eighteen had been betrayed by the leftist leaders of 877 00:46:39,600 --> 00:46:42,440 Speaker 1: France becomes a popular right wing rallying cry in the 878 00:46:42,440 --> 00:46:46,280 Speaker 1: mid twenties. Throughout this whole period, the right press continues 879 00:46:46,280 --> 00:46:47,960 Speaker 1: to gin up a desire for the blood of their 880 00:46:48,000 --> 00:46:52,280 Speaker 1: political opponents. One right wing journalist, politician, and street organizer 881 00:46:52,360 --> 00:46:56,280 Speaker 1: named Charles Morris was jailed in nineteen five for threatening 882 00:46:56,320 --> 00:46:58,759 Speaker 1: to have the Minister of the Interior killed like a 883 00:46:58,840 --> 00:47:03,840 Speaker 1: dog if police kept at harrassing the League. Yeah, there's 884 00:47:03,840 --> 00:47:06,480 Speaker 1: a couple Marjorie Taylor Green or whatever her name is, 885 00:47:06,480 --> 00:47:08,280 Speaker 1: the Q and on lady who's talking about that Jewish 886 00:47:08,280 --> 00:47:11,960 Speaker 1: space later and probably helped carry out and incite and 887 00:47:12,040 --> 00:47:16,760 Speaker 1: advice that she's the jew laser. Yeah that that that lady. 888 00:47:16,840 --> 00:47:21,239 Speaker 1: There's like three of her in France in this period, okay, 889 00:47:21,400 --> 00:47:23,680 Speaker 1: and Mars is kind of one of them. Now, Mars 890 00:47:23,719 --> 00:47:26,040 Speaker 1: is an interesting guy. He was born a monarchist and 891 00:47:26,120 --> 00:47:29,240 Speaker 1: it is what we would probably call a Catholic fascist today. 892 00:47:29,800 --> 00:47:33,040 Speaker 1: His earliest political memory was the was the French defeat 893 00:47:33,040 --> 00:47:35,440 Speaker 1: in the Franco Prussian War, which seems to have fueled 894 00:47:35,480 --> 00:47:37,680 Speaker 1: a lot of his anti left hatred. Later in life. 895 00:47:37,920 --> 00:47:40,920 Speaker 1: He became an anti democratic activist in the eighteen nineties, 896 00:47:41,040 --> 00:47:43,240 Speaker 1: and then came the Dreyfus affair, and of course Mars 897 00:47:43,320 --> 00:47:45,840 Speaker 1: is a dry Fussard. He believes that Dryfus is guilty 898 00:47:45,880 --> 00:47:48,960 Speaker 1: because he's Jewish, and he grows increasingly anti Semitic after 899 00:47:48,960 --> 00:47:52,799 Speaker 1: the Dreyfus affair. In eighteen nine, he found a newspaper 900 00:47:53,480 --> 00:47:57,480 Speaker 1: Uh Action France, which literally means French Action, and yes 901 00:47:57,520 --> 00:48:00,000 Speaker 1: it does sound kind of like a porn. His magazine 902 00:48:00,040 --> 00:48:02,960 Speaker 1: becomes very influential among the French right wing, and Marius 903 00:48:03,080 --> 00:48:05,759 Speaker 1: uses his influence to, among other things, convince a lot 904 00:48:05,840 --> 00:48:09,440 Speaker 1: of conservatives that destroying democracy and going full monarchy is 905 00:48:09,480 --> 00:48:11,880 Speaker 1: the right thing to do. He writes an article in 906 00:48:11,880 --> 00:48:15,359 Speaker 1: eighteen ninety nine titled dictator and king. That's about how 907 00:48:15,400 --> 00:48:19,759 Speaker 1: we should have a dictator king and Franciso. Yeah, yeah, 908 00:48:20,080 --> 00:48:23,000 Speaker 1: you know what France's problem is not enough kings. You 909 00:48:23,040 --> 00:48:28,480 Speaker 1: know what, you remember we have served them. Yeah, and 910 00:48:28,520 --> 00:48:30,680 Speaker 1: peddle back to that. Let's go back to that. That 911 00:48:30,800 --> 00:48:35,360 Speaker 1: was amazing, Ricketts. In nineteen o five, Mars starts writing 912 00:48:35,440 --> 00:48:37,600 Speaker 1: articles about how swell it would be for the right 913 00:48:37,600 --> 00:48:41,040 Speaker 1: wing to create extra legal paramilitary organizations and have them 914 00:48:41,120 --> 00:48:45,160 Speaker 1: do a coupaita. When the league's rose up, Mars was thrilled, 915 00:48:45,200 --> 00:48:48,839 Speaker 1: and soon Action Francis, or Front the French Action, has 916 00:48:48,880 --> 00:48:51,400 Speaker 1: its own league. When Mars goes to jail for threatening 917 00:48:51,440 --> 00:48:53,800 Speaker 1: to murder a member of the government, his business partner 918 00:48:53,840 --> 00:48:55,920 Speaker 1: at the newspaper says this to a gathering of their 919 00:48:55,920 --> 00:48:59,480 Speaker 1: followers in ninety six, if Mars were wounded or hit, 920 00:48:59,520 --> 00:49:02,080 Speaker 1: I would once give orders to have the ministers of 921 00:49:02,120 --> 00:49:06,080 Speaker 1: the Republic immediately assassinated. So, like, the right wing isn't 922 00:49:06,120 --> 00:49:09,719 Speaker 1: just like dog whistling violence, Like we should kill them all, 923 00:49:09,760 --> 00:49:12,600 Speaker 1: we should kill everyone on the left. Yes, it's like 924 00:49:13,239 --> 00:49:16,440 Speaker 1: like the American right. Now, So what do you so 925 00:49:16,880 --> 00:49:19,960 Speaker 1: in what what way do you mean? I mean, I 926 00:49:20,000 --> 00:49:26,560 Speaker 1: mean we shoot them today, we kill them. Yeah, yeah, 927 00:49:26,680 --> 00:49:28,799 Speaker 1: it's why. And it's the same as what's been had, 928 00:49:28,840 --> 00:49:31,480 Speaker 1: what happened ahead of the sixth you know. Now, Obviously, 929 00:49:31,560 --> 00:49:33,960 Speaker 1: Maris and his business partner were not alone in their 930 00:49:33,960 --> 00:49:36,279 Speaker 1: calls for violence against the Left. I'm gonna quote from 931 00:49:36,320 --> 00:49:40,440 Speaker 1: France and fascism here. Such calls to violence often went unheeded, 932 00:49:40,440 --> 00:49:42,760 Speaker 1: and law and order were not threatened to the extent. 933 00:49:42,880 --> 00:49:46,040 Speaker 1: Scene in Germany and Italy, However, low level physical violence 934 00:49:46,080 --> 00:49:49,920 Speaker 1: was common. Newspaper sellers from rival organizations regularly came to 935 00:49:49,960 --> 00:49:52,480 Speaker 1: blows in the street, while political meetings were frequently the 936 00:49:52,480 --> 00:49:55,440 Speaker 1: scene of violence. Furthermore, despite their claims to stand for 937 00:49:55,480 --> 00:49:57,960 Speaker 1: authority in order, the league's could fight with the police 938 00:49:58,040 --> 00:50:01,640 Speaker 1: to the French actions create mayhem in the Latin Quarter 939 00:50:01,680 --> 00:50:05,120 Speaker 1: and beyond, beating political opponents and reveling in confrontations with 940 00:50:05,160 --> 00:50:08,640 Speaker 1: the police. Meanwhile, a young Patriots leaguer died in March 941 00:50:08,719 --> 00:50:11,400 Speaker 1: nineteen twenty six during fighting with police at a demonstration 942 00:50:11,440 --> 00:50:16,800 Speaker 1: against the Minister of the Interior, Louis Malvi. So they 943 00:50:16,640 --> 00:50:19,719 Speaker 1: these organizations are kind of recruiting and growing because they're 944 00:50:19,760 --> 00:50:21,720 Speaker 1: fighting with the left and they're fighting with the cops 945 00:50:21,920 --> 00:50:26,239 Speaker 1: right now. In most of France, the armed paramilitary start 946 00:50:26,280 --> 00:50:30,000 Speaker 1: to decline in popularity after nineteen and in France they 947 00:50:30,040 --> 00:50:33,839 Speaker 1: mostly faded into the background temporarily by nineteen twenty six, 948 00:50:33,920 --> 00:50:37,960 Speaker 1: after two years of regular street brawls. They left behind them, 949 00:50:37,960 --> 00:50:41,080 Speaker 1: in the words of some scholars, a culture of violent rhetoric, 950 00:50:41,480 --> 00:50:45,320 Speaker 1: uniformed politics, and street fighting right, which again very similar 951 00:50:46,000 --> 00:50:49,200 Speaker 1: violent rhetoric, uniformed politics and street fighting, the proud bol 952 00:50:49,280 --> 00:50:52,319 Speaker 1: you know it's proud boy. Um. Now, this was not 953 00:50:52,480 --> 00:50:54,720 Speaker 1: the end of violent unrest in France. Just to pause, 954 00:50:54,800 --> 00:50:58,120 Speaker 1: because in nineteen six a new Conservative government gets elected 955 00:50:58,160 --> 00:51:00,359 Speaker 1: and the cartel comes to an end. So that's why 956 00:51:00,400 --> 00:51:02,680 Speaker 1: the League's kind of fade after twenty six is the 957 00:51:02,719 --> 00:51:10,440 Speaker 1: Conservatives get elected again. It comes a home game again, okay, exactly, yep. 958 00:51:10,560 --> 00:51:13,200 Speaker 1: And the reason the right wins in nineteen is that 959 00:51:13,239 --> 00:51:16,160 Speaker 1: the left has fractured again. The Communist launch a series 960 00:51:16,160 --> 00:51:19,319 Speaker 1: of attacks against the Socialists, who they call social fascists. 961 00:51:19,680 --> 00:51:23,680 Speaker 1: In fighting causes the less to temporarily dissolve as meaningful opposition, 962 00:51:24,040 --> 00:51:25,879 Speaker 1: and this meant the League's also had a lot less 963 00:51:25,880 --> 00:51:28,480 Speaker 1: of a reason to exist. Big business that's spent the 964 00:51:28,480 --> 00:51:31,080 Speaker 1: previous four years pumping money into the far right, and 965 00:51:31,120 --> 00:51:34,240 Speaker 1: they withdraw their financial support after twenty six, which causes 966 00:51:34,280 --> 00:51:37,000 Speaker 1: the leagues to collapse. So the leagues are floated by 967 00:51:37,120 --> 00:51:40,000 Speaker 1: rich businessmen who then like, well, now conservatives are in 968 00:51:40,000 --> 00:51:43,280 Speaker 1: power again. We don't we don't want street games anymore. Yeah. 969 00:51:43,560 --> 00:51:46,400 Speaker 1: So the temporary fall of the league's and the victory 970 00:51:46,400 --> 00:51:48,840 Speaker 1: of the center right did not mean the fever swamps 971 00:51:48,840 --> 00:51:52,360 Speaker 1: of far right media ceased operation, and no magazine or 972 00:51:52,440 --> 00:51:55,920 Speaker 1: newspaper was more influential than French action from a right 973 00:51:56,000 --> 00:51:59,040 Speaker 1: up end of all things. The Harvard Crimson quote it 974 00:51:59,160 --> 00:52:02,600 Speaker 1: collected within a sells the inheritors of a tradition of nationalist, 975 00:52:02,640 --> 00:52:06,200 Speaker 1: monarchist and reactionary thought extending back almost a hundred years. 976 00:52:06,520 --> 00:52:09,200 Speaker 1: It was no mere cabal of a moral big businessman, 977 00:52:09,280 --> 00:52:12,680 Speaker 1: such as supported the so called Committee France alec Main 978 00:52:12,960 --> 00:52:15,439 Speaker 1: and the ultra conservative Grand Press, but a meeting place 979 00:52:15,520 --> 00:52:18,560 Speaker 1: for distinguished and gifted intellectuals whose disdain for the republic 980 00:52:18,640 --> 00:52:23,080 Speaker 1: was wholly disinterested, the result of literary and philosophical predispositions, 981 00:52:23,120 --> 00:52:27,160 Speaker 1: not any desire to safeguard financial investments. So again, the 982 00:52:27,200 --> 00:52:29,879 Speaker 1: far right in the in the period where the left 983 00:52:29,920 --> 00:52:33,360 Speaker 1: is in control, is funded by businessmen who are safeguarding 984 00:52:33,360 --> 00:52:35,640 Speaker 1: their investments, right, and that's why they want to fight 985 00:52:35,719 --> 00:52:38,799 Speaker 1: socialists in the street. But the guy's propagandizing to the 986 00:52:38,800 --> 00:52:41,399 Speaker 1: far right are true believers. It's not about money for them. 987 00:52:41,400 --> 00:52:46,080 Speaker 1: It's about fascist you know about the thing? Okay, yeah, so, 988 00:52:46,440 --> 00:52:50,040 Speaker 1: and Mars being a monarchist is only marginally happier under 989 00:52:50,080 --> 00:52:52,839 Speaker 1: a conservative government than liberal one. The king is still 990 00:52:52,880 --> 00:52:55,319 Speaker 1: gone and he wants a fucking king. So throughout the 991 00:52:55,360 --> 00:52:57,440 Speaker 1: years of right wing power in France, he continues to 992 00:52:57,480 --> 00:52:59,799 Speaker 1: advocate for an armed coup is the only way to 993 00:52:59,800 --> 00:53:02,239 Speaker 1: bring back the monarchy. It would have been easy for 994 00:53:02,280 --> 00:53:04,400 Speaker 1: people in the left and mistake he and his followers 995 00:53:04,600 --> 00:53:06,880 Speaker 1: for isolated loons, and a lot of people in the 996 00:53:06,920 --> 00:53:10,960 Speaker 1: center particularly did. Then the global economy crashed and in 997 00:53:11,000 --> 00:53:13,799 Speaker 1: France it crashes with the right wing and power, and 998 00:53:13,840 --> 00:53:16,560 Speaker 1: May of nineteen thirty two the left wins again. Their 999 00:53:16,640 --> 00:53:19,480 Speaker 1: victory is again enabled by the fact that the radicals 1000 00:53:19,520 --> 00:53:22,680 Speaker 1: who are the moderates, ally with the socialists again to 1001 00:53:22,719 --> 00:53:25,680 Speaker 1: avoid splitting the left wing vote. So left continuously wins 1002 00:53:25,680 --> 00:53:29,960 Speaker 1: in France and Spain, uh and Germany. When the left 1003 00:53:30,040 --> 00:53:32,560 Speaker 1: and the center left are willing to like work together 1004 00:53:32,600 --> 00:53:37,719 Speaker 1: electorally right, um, and the right is obviously enraged and 1005 00:53:37,800 --> 00:53:41,200 Speaker 1: terrified by what was surely a prelude to full on Stalinism. Now, 1006 00:53:41,560 --> 00:53:44,960 Speaker 1: I just said that, like the left consistently wins elections 1007 00:53:45,160 --> 00:53:47,960 Speaker 1: in Europe against the right in this period when you 1008 00:53:47,960 --> 00:53:50,560 Speaker 1: know they're all willing to work together. The problem with 1009 00:53:50,640 --> 00:53:52,840 Speaker 1: the far left in the center left working together is 1010 00:53:52,880 --> 00:53:55,640 Speaker 1: the same thing that we're seeing now under Biden. Liberals 1011 00:53:55,640 --> 00:53:57,400 Speaker 1: and the left can never get their ship together to 1012 00:53:57,440 --> 00:53:59,920 Speaker 1: agree on anything. And in France they can't put us 1013 00:54:00,160 --> 00:54:02,759 Speaker 1: their differences to get a basic aid package together to 1014 00:54:02,800 --> 00:54:04,919 Speaker 1: help people with the depression, which again does not sound 1015 00:54:04,920 --> 00:54:09,960 Speaker 1: at all familiar. Yeah there's my back tingle again. Yeah, 1016 00:54:10,080 --> 00:54:13,520 Speaker 1: so the socialist demand direct aid for the unemployed, while 1017 00:54:13,520 --> 00:54:16,000 Speaker 1: the radicals worry about the deficit and think that it's 1018 00:54:16,040 --> 00:54:20,120 Speaker 1: much more important to balance the budget. It's the same 1019 00:54:20,200 --> 00:54:25,280 Speaker 1: exact thing, okay, the radicals, who are centrists, their best 1020 00:54:25,360 --> 00:54:28,840 Speaker 1: idea is, of course austerity cuts in wages for public workers. 1021 00:54:29,120 --> 00:54:32,120 Speaker 1: The intractable debate between the socialists and the radicals leads 1022 00:54:32,160 --> 00:54:34,560 Speaker 1: to a series of different liberal left governments. Obviously, it's 1023 00:54:34,560 --> 00:54:36,440 Speaker 1: like a parliamentary system, so you can have votes of 1024 00:54:36,440 --> 00:54:38,840 Speaker 1: no confidence, you dissolve the government, you bring in a 1025 00:54:38,840 --> 00:54:41,720 Speaker 1: new government, new ministers. This happens a number of times, 1026 00:54:41,760 --> 00:54:44,240 Speaker 1: and none of these governments are able to actually help people, 1027 00:54:44,520 --> 00:54:49,040 Speaker 1: and the French economy spirals downhill. The right wing correspondingly 1028 00:54:49,400 --> 00:54:52,120 Speaker 1: surges and it unifies behind the thing the right wing 1029 00:54:52,200 --> 00:54:55,000 Speaker 1: does best, picking up weapons and making death threats to 1030 00:54:55,040 --> 00:54:58,200 Speaker 1: people they disagree with. The leagues that had remained functional 1031 00:54:58,239 --> 00:55:02,040 Speaker 1: after nineteen namely innch Action and the Young Patriots, see 1032 00:55:02,080 --> 00:55:05,360 Speaker 1: a swell in their membership. They're soon joined by new leagues. 1033 00:55:05,640 --> 00:55:08,719 Speaker 1: In June of nineteen thirty three, a Perfume magnate and 1034 00:55:08,800 --> 00:55:12,520 Speaker 1: fascist named Cody forms his own paramilitary group, which he 1035 00:55:12,600 --> 00:55:16,200 Speaker 1: uses to spread anti Republican authoritarian propaganda and pushes this 1036 00:55:16,239 --> 00:55:19,120 Speaker 1: through the newspaper that he owns as well. By February 1037 00:55:19,160 --> 00:55:22,840 Speaker 1: of nineteen thirty four, the Perfume Guys paramilitary gang slash 1038 00:55:22,840 --> 00:55:26,520 Speaker 1: newspaper is the most influential and largest fascist movement in France. 1039 00:55:26,760 --> 00:55:30,560 Speaker 1: Are you saying Perfume, Yeah, he's a Perfume Guy. Yeah, 1040 00:55:31,080 --> 00:55:34,560 Speaker 1: Like France's most influential fascist gang leader is a perfume. Dude, 1041 00:55:34,680 --> 00:55:38,759 Speaker 1: the guy that like fragrance. Okay, I was big into 1042 00:55:38,760 --> 00:55:41,720 Speaker 1: the fragrance business. Yeah, this is again pretty on brand, 1043 00:55:41,880 --> 00:55:45,000 Speaker 1: pretty on brand. Cody's men wore blue shirts and lots 1044 00:55:45,000 --> 00:55:49,120 Speaker 1: of leather, and one has to assume smelled incredible. Yeah, 1045 00:55:49,280 --> 00:55:52,120 Speaker 1: it sound like they probably looked amazing too. I'm sure 1046 00:55:52,120 --> 00:55:56,360 Speaker 1: they did. Yeah. Now, another fascist French guy named Marcel 1047 00:55:56,440 --> 00:55:59,920 Speaker 1: Bouchard starts a league called the Francists in the September 1048 00:56:00,000 --> 00:56:04,120 Speaker 1: of nineteen thirty three. Bouchard repeatedly praised foreign fascist governments, 1049 00:56:04,200 --> 00:56:06,640 Speaker 1: and he was famous for making long speeches about the 1050 00:56:06,680 --> 00:56:10,080 Speaker 1: almost sexual love he had for his revolver um. Again, 1051 00:56:11,239 --> 00:56:13,840 Speaker 1: another Marjorie Taylor Green right like I'm gonna take my 1052 00:56:13,920 --> 00:56:16,440 Speaker 1: clock into congress kind of guy's the same fucking ship. 1053 00:56:16,640 --> 00:56:19,840 Speaker 1: Just the worship of weapons and such. And then of 1054 00:56:19,880 --> 00:56:21,920 Speaker 1: course there's the Craw the Few, which is like the 1055 00:56:21,960 --> 00:56:24,560 Speaker 1: Cross of Fire. This is an organization that had been 1056 00:56:24,600 --> 00:56:27,359 Speaker 1: founded as a veterans association for men who had been 1057 00:56:27,400 --> 00:56:29,919 Speaker 1: decorated for bravery and combat. So all of the Crawl, 1058 00:56:30,000 --> 00:56:32,920 Speaker 1: if you, the Cross of firemen are like not just 1059 00:56:33,000 --> 00:56:36,000 Speaker 1: combat veterans, but men who have been particularly awarded for 1060 00:56:36,040 --> 00:56:41,960 Speaker 1: their courage under fire. So it's not founded necessarily as 1061 00:56:41,960 --> 00:56:44,960 Speaker 1: a right wing, radical militant organization, but it becomes one 1062 00:56:45,080 --> 00:56:48,040 Speaker 1: very quickly. Its leader is a guy named Colonel Laroq, 1063 00:56:48,200 --> 00:56:50,920 Speaker 1: and he holds military style parades and is not afraid 1064 00:56:50,920 --> 00:56:52,840 Speaker 1: to use his men as a political cudgel. And the 1065 00:56:52,880 --> 00:56:55,000 Speaker 1: way their organized is actually pretty genius. They have at 1066 00:56:55,040 --> 00:56:58,000 Speaker 1: their height about half a million officers and n c 1067 00:56:58,160 --> 00:57:00,680 Speaker 1: o s and their membership, and the officers and n 1068 00:57:00,680 --> 00:57:02,680 Speaker 1: c o s are each like put in charge of 1069 00:57:02,760 --> 00:57:05,880 Speaker 1: ten guys to other former soldiers who were of lower ranks, 1070 00:57:06,280 --> 00:57:09,480 Speaker 1: and their job is to get help with those guys 1071 00:57:09,640 --> 00:57:12,120 Speaker 1: for those guys using the resources of the league, and 1072 00:57:12,200 --> 00:57:15,160 Speaker 1: also control their votes. So the half million or so 1073 00:57:15,239 --> 00:57:16,800 Speaker 1: officers and n c o s and the Cross of 1074 00:57:16,880 --> 00:57:20,760 Speaker 1: Fire control about five million votes. They're very politically influential 1075 00:57:20,760 --> 00:57:23,880 Speaker 1: as a result. So these guys are right wing and 1076 00:57:24,120 --> 00:57:26,840 Speaker 1: kind of militant, but they're also very system loyal right there. 1077 00:57:26,840 --> 00:57:29,120 Speaker 1: Not we want to overthrow the government there, We want 1078 00:57:29,120 --> 00:57:31,800 Speaker 1: to organize as a political entity in order to dominate 1079 00:57:31,840 --> 00:57:36,640 Speaker 1: the government. So Brian Jenkins rights quote in November of 1080 00:57:36,720 --> 00:57:39,240 Speaker 1: nineteen thirty one, the colonel and his followers stormed the 1081 00:57:39,280 --> 00:57:42,480 Speaker 1: stage at a meeting on disarmament at Trucadero, bringing an 1082 00:57:42,520 --> 00:57:46,160 Speaker 1: end to the proceedings. Meanwhile, the league's shock troopers called Dispose. 1083 00:57:46,360 --> 00:57:49,000 Speaker 1: We're employed to maintain security at meetings and fight the 1084 00:57:49,080 --> 00:57:51,920 Speaker 1: left in the street. In October nineteen thirty three, a 1085 00:57:51,920 --> 00:57:55,440 Speaker 1: new manifesto announced a more radically anti parliamentary direction, while 1086 00:57:55,480 --> 00:57:57,680 Speaker 1: the group opened its ranks to non veterans through its 1087 00:57:57,760 --> 00:58:01,480 Speaker 1: volunteers National Auxiliary. So they get, you know, start more 1088 00:58:01,520 --> 00:58:03,600 Speaker 1: system loyal, and they get kind of more closer and 1089 00:58:03,600 --> 00:58:06,959 Speaker 1: closer to fascism as time goes on. As nineteen thirty 1090 00:58:07,040 --> 00:58:10,360 Speaker 1: four dawned, right wing paramilitaries were as organized and as 1091 00:58:10,440 --> 00:58:13,000 Speaker 1: large as they had ever been in France. The left 1092 00:58:13,120 --> 00:58:15,640 Speaker 1: was too, was fighting too much within themselves to the 1093 00:58:15,840 --> 00:58:18,400 Speaker 1: with it between themselves to deliver any kind of meaningful 1094 00:58:18,440 --> 00:58:21,160 Speaker 1: aid that might have tamped down on unrest. Meanwhile, the 1095 00:58:21,280 --> 00:58:24,080 Speaker 1: right blamed the global economic collapse on their own leftists 1096 00:58:24,080 --> 00:58:29,200 Speaker 1: and of course the Jews. Um. Yeah, they also are 1097 00:58:29,240 --> 00:58:31,560 Speaker 1: able to look abroad at the propaganda that's being put 1098 00:58:31,600 --> 00:58:33,919 Speaker 1: out by Italy and now Germany and be like, look 1099 00:58:33,920 --> 00:58:35,880 Speaker 1: at how good things are going in the fascist countries 1100 00:58:35,880 --> 00:58:38,680 Speaker 1: where I assume I have accurate information from we should 1101 00:58:38,760 --> 00:58:42,120 Speaker 1: do that. So what did they do that We're not doing. Yeah, 1102 00:58:42,160 --> 00:58:48,000 Speaker 1: they're not We're we're not killing enough leftists. Yeah. And then, 1103 00:58:48,280 --> 00:58:50,280 Speaker 1: as everything in France is about as hot as it 1104 00:58:50,320 --> 00:58:53,080 Speaker 1: could get, what comes to be known as the Stavitsky 1105 00:58:53,240 --> 00:58:56,520 Speaker 1: affair bursts onto the front page of every rightist newspaper 1106 00:58:56,600 --> 00:58:58,880 Speaker 1: in France. And I'm gonna see how long it takes 1107 00:58:58,880 --> 00:59:01,800 Speaker 1: you to like figure out what the most modern parallel 1108 00:59:01,840 --> 00:59:06,360 Speaker 1: to the Stavisky affair alright. Sergey Alexander Stavisky was born 1109 00:59:06,360 --> 00:59:08,840 Speaker 1: in Ukraine in eighteen eighty six to a Jewish family 1110 00:59:08,840 --> 00:59:11,520 Speaker 1: who had immigrated to France in eighteen ninety nine. His 1111 00:59:11,600 --> 00:59:15,120 Speaker 1: father was a dentist to Stavisky, however, was a born grifter. 1112 00:59:15,400 --> 00:59:18,320 Speaker 1: While still a teenager, he established himself as a con man. 1113 00:59:18,440 --> 00:59:20,320 Speaker 1: By the mid nineteen twenties had gotten good at it, 1114 00:59:20,360 --> 00:59:22,439 Speaker 1: making enough money to dress as a rich guy, even 1115 00:59:22,440 --> 00:59:24,680 Speaker 1: though he was constantly on the verge of losing everything. 1116 00:59:25,040 --> 00:59:27,760 Speaker 1: Stavisky used his charisma and his ability to trick guloibal 1117 00:59:27,880 --> 00:59:30,880 Speaker 1: rich people to keep the cash flowing. France and fascism, 1118 00:59:30,880 --> 00:59:34,000 Speaker 1: writes quote. He left a trail of fake companies, counterfeit 1119 00:59:34,080 --> 00:59:37,120 Speaker 1: checks and bonds, and fraudulent share transactions, and following his 1120 00:59:37,200 --> 00:59:40,560 Speaker 1: arrest in July nineteen twenty six for stealing and stolen securities, 1121 00:59:40,680 --> 00:59:43,160 Speaker 1: he spent seventeen months in the Lessante prison while his 1122 00:59:43,200 --> 00:59:46,160 Speaker 1: case awaited trial. Following his release on medical grounds, the 1123 00:59:46,200 --> 00:59:48,920 Speaker 1: hearing of the case against him was repeatedly deferred nineteen 1124 00:59:48,960 --> 00:59:51,800 Speaker 1: postponements and all, leaving Stavisky free to launch a string 1125 00:59:51,840 --> 00:59:55,200 Speaker 1: of further dubious ventures under the alias Sergey Alexander. In 1126 00:59:55,280 --> 00:59:58,040 Speaker 1: ninety eight, he embarked on a scheme which the lucrative 1127 00:59:58,040 --> 01:00:01,760 Speaker 1: would eventually prove his undoing, the raudulent exploitation of municipal 1128 01:00:01,800 --> 01:00:05,840 Speaker 1: pawn shops in Orleans. He extracted twenty five million francs 1129 01:00:05,840 --> 01:00:09,000 Speaker 1: from the pawn shop in exchange for fake gimstones, subsequently 1130 01:00:09,000 --> 01:00:11,600 Speaker 1: redeeming the stones with cash derived from the municipal pawn 1131 01:00:11,600 --> 01:00:13,760 Speaker 1: shop he had since launched in Bay Owned. This was 1132 01:00:13,800 --> 01:00:16,400 Speaker 1: a much bigger operation, and the credit was financed by 1133 01:00:16,400 --> 01:00:18,720 Speaker 1: issuing bonds well in excess of the value of the 1134 01:00:18,800 --> 01:00:21,920 Speaker 1: articles deposited. Cash was then realized through the sale of 1135 01:00:21,920 --> 01:00:24,520 Speaker 1: these fake bonds to banks and insurance companies. In the 1136 01:00:24,520 --> 01:00:27,840 Speaker 1: summer of nineteen thirty three, having spent lavishly and gambled heavily, 1137 01:00:28,000 --> 01:00:30,760 Speaker 1: Stavisky found himself unable to redeem the bonds, and his 1138 01:00:30,760 --> 01:00:33,200 Speaker 1: attempts to win backing for a new operation, which he 1139 01:00:33,240 --> 01:00:35,960 Speaker 1: hoped would bail him out yet again, were soon frustrated. 1140 01:00:36,440 --> 01:00:39,200 Speaker 1: That's the nature of his con Yeah. First it sounded 1141 01:00:39,240 --> 01:00:41,800 Speaker 1: like an assets it's pretty good lick man. He is. 1142 01:00:41,880 --> 01:00:45,120 Speaker 1: He is a commn for a while. Yeah. So in 1143 01:00:45,160 --> 01:00:47,920 Speaker 1: September of nineteen thirty three, one of the businesses he can't, 1144 01:00:47,960 --> 01:00:51,280 Speaker 1: an insurance company, called for a judicial inquiry into his business. 1145 01:00:51,520 --> 01:00:54,160 Speaker 1: On December twenty three, the director of a pawn shop 1146 01:00:54,160 --> 01:00:57,280 Speaker 1: Stavisky owned broke down under questioning he did not just 1147 01:00:57,360 --> 01:01:00,520 Speaker 1: incriminate his boss, but also a local elected leader from 1148 01:01:00,560 --> 01:01:04,280 Speaker 1: the Radical Party. Stavisky immediately went on the run, fleeing 1149 01:01:04,320 --> 01:01:07,080 Speaker 1: Paris on Christmas Day, and just as quickly, the right 1150 01:01:07,080 --> 01:01:09,640 Speaker 1: wing press picks up the story. French Action and other 1151 01:01:09,640 --> 01:01:12,800 Speaker 1: newspapers launched a massive campaign to allege that not just 1152 01:01:12,880 --> 01:01:16,000 Speaker 1: the one guy implicated, but a whole host of radical politicians, 1153 01:01:16,040 --> 01:01:18,400 Speaker 1: basically all of them, had been involved in a far 1154 01:01:18,520 --> 01:01:22,480 Speaker 1: reaching financial conspiracy. Since Stavisky was Jewish. You can guess 1155 01:01:22,520 --> 01:01:24,120 Speaker 1: how this folded in with all the fact that all 1156 01:01:24,160 --> 01:01:26,240 Speaker 1: of these papers also had huge heart ons for Hitler 1157 01:01:26,280 --> 01:01:30,920 Speaker 1: and Mussolini. One radical deputy resigned. Another radical, the Minister 1158 01:01:31,000 --> 01:01:33,480 Speaker 1: of the Economy, was found to have encouraged people to 1159 01:01:33,520 --> 01:01:36,800 Speaker 1: purchase junk bonds from Stavisky back in nineteen thirty two. 1160 01:01:36,960 --> 01:01:40,680 Speaker 1: So two radicals are implicated like clearly, so he resigns 1161 01:01:40,720 --> 01:01:42,560 Speaker 1: and to the right this proves that all of the 1162 01:01:42,600 --> 01:01:45,800 Speaker 1: other deputies they've been accused and were guilty to newspaper 1163 01:01:45,880 --> 01:01:48,240 Speaker 1: editors were also found to have been on Stavisky's payroll 1164 01:01:48,360 --> 01:01:51,080 Speaker 1: which encouraged people to buy junk bonds. And then these 1165 01:01:51,080 --> 01:01:53,560 Speaker 1: guys are arrested, which feeds into the narrative that liberal 1166 01:01:53,600 --> 01:01:56,840 Speaker 1: press is on trustworthy and part of the Jewish conspiracy. 1167 01:01:57,000 --> 01:01:59,760 Speaker 1: As nineteen thirty four dawned, right wing media could write 1168 01:01:59,760 --> 01:02:02,720 Speaker 1: about nothing else but the Stavisky affair. And then on 1169 01:02:02,800 --> 01:02:06,040 Speaker 1: the ninth, with public interest at its height, Staviski himself 1170 01:02:06,080 --> 01:02:08,480 Speaker 1: is cornered by police at a house in Chimoa. He 1171 01:02:08,600 --> 01:02:13,120 Speaker 1: kills himself to avoid capture. So as soon as he 1172 01:02:13,200 --> 01:02:16,040 Speaker 1: kills himself, both the communist and the far right press 1173 01:02:16,080 --> 01:02:20,440 Speaker 1: leap on the story, alleging that Skavinsky had not committed suicide, 1174 01:02:20,560 --> 01:02:23,520 Speaker 1: he'd been murdered to cover up his connections to powerful leaders. 1175 01:02:24,520 --> 01:02:28,960 Speaker 1: He's the fucking French Jeffrey Epstein. He's Epstein. Yeah, it's 1176 01:02:29,000 --> 01:02:32,040 Speaker 1: the same thing. It's the same thing. Yeah, he's actually 1177 01:02:32,080 --> 01:02:34,800 Speaker 1: he doesn't have like a network of child prostitutes, but 1178 01:02:34,960 --> 01:02:37,560 Speaker 1: he's a guy who's implicated with a bunch of powerful 1179 01:02:37,600 --> 01:02:40,480 Speaker 1: people in a series of crimes. He goes to jail 1180 01:02:40,560 --> 01:02:44,040 Speaker 1: once he continues committing crime, implicates more powerful people, and 1181 01:02:44,040 --> 01:02:47,640 Speaker 1: then when he's cornered, kills himself. You know, it's the 1182 01:02:47,720 --> 01:02:51,920 Speaker 1: same thing. It's like the exact same pook. Yeah, and 1183 01:02:51,920 --> 01:02:54,400 Speaker 1: and and and and the best part about the Epstein story, 1184 01:02:54,640 --> 01:02:58,240 Speaker 1: they said to camera glitched. Yeah, and there's there's shady 1185 01:02:58,280 --> 01:03:00,600 Speaker 1: stuff like that with this right. It's not animals because 1186 01:03:00,600 --> 01:03:04,280 Speaker 1: it's whatever. It's the same thing. But yeah, is a 1187 01:03:04,400 --> 01:03:07,920 Speaker 1: one to one bro. Yeah he doesn't. Just like with Epstein, 1188 01:03:07,960 --> 01:03:11,080 Speaker 1: it doesn't really matter if he killed himself or was murdered. 1189 01:03:11,120 --> 01:03:12,919 Speaker 1: The same thing with this guy. What matters is that 1190 01:03:13,200 --> 01:03:15,600 Speaker 1: everyone on the far left and the far right is 1191 01:03:15,640 --> 01:03:20,720 Speaker 1: sure that he was murdered in order to protect liberals 1192 01:03:20,720 --> 01:03:25,800 Speaker 1: center politicians too much at stake. You know who won't 1193 01:03:25,920 --> 01:03:31,720 Speaker 1: murder Jeffrey yep, you can't because he already did. But yeah, 1194 01:03:31,720 --> 01:03:34,600 Speaker 1: he's already dead, so they definitely won't kill him, definitely 1195 01:03:34,640 --> 01:03:43,080 Speaker 1: won't get products and services that support this podcast. So 1196 01:03:43,360 --> 01:03:47,919 Speaker 1: we're back. So the Radical President that he's still alive, though, 1197 01:03:47,960 --> 01:03:51,120 Speaker 1: like I feel like your eyebreak is yeah, I mean, 1198 01:03:51,240 --> 01:03:55,200 Speaker 1: we're not going to actually prove that, Robert, I am not. 1199 01:03:55,280 --> 01:03:58,360 Speaker 1: I'm not making any conclusions about Jeffrey Epstein on this podcast. 1200 01:03:58,360 --> 01:04:02,120 Speaker 1: I'm just saying that, like Epstein, this guy Stavisky is 1201 01:04:02,160 --> 01:04:04,960 Speaker 1: said to have killed himself, and nobody who's on the 1202 01:04:05,040 --> 01:04:07,520 Speaker 1: left or the right really believes there. Yeah, there's one 1203 01:04:07,640 --> 01:04:10,640 Speaker 1: definitive thing you could say about Jeffrey Epstein is that, 1204 01:04:11,120 --> 01:04:13,520 Speaker 1: I don't care how many dollars you put it before 1205 01:04:13,560 --> 01:04:18,000 Speaker 1: and after his name, he is a pimp. Yeah, Stavisky 1206 01:04:18,120 --> 01:04:20,800 Speaker 1: is a different kind of pimp, but to pimp and 1207 01:04:20,840 --> 01:04:24,400 Speaker 1: this guy is pimp in yes, this is a different lick. 1208 01:04:24,480 --> 01:04:28,320 Speaker 1: He's selling different products, same thing anyway, So the Radical President, 1209 01:04:28,400 --> 01:04:31,200 Speaker 1: like the or not president, but like Prime Minister of France, 1210 01:04:31,200 --> 01:04:33,560 Speaker 1: who is again a radical, does his best to ignore 1211 01:04:33,600 --> 01:04:36,240 Speaker 1: the scandal, arguing that it's not a big deal. Like, yeah, 1212 01:04:36,400 --> 01:04:39,320 Speaker 1: the guys who were implicated already got arrested, Like it's 1213 01:04:39,320 --> 01:04:43,000 Speaker 1: not a big deal, um. And it might have even 1214 01:04:43,000 --> 01:04:46,080 Speaker 1: been true that, like, the only people implicated had been caught, 1215 01:04:46,360 --> 01:04:49,240 Speaker 1: But that doesn't really matter, um, because obviously this becomes 1216 01:04:49,280 --> 01:04:52,720 Speaker 1: a huge conspiracy. And the Prime Minister refuses calls from 1217 01:04:52,720 --> 01:04:55,080 Speaker 1: both the right and from his socialist allies to call 1218 01:04:55,160 --> 01:04:58,400 Speaker 1: for a parliamentary inquiry into the whole situation. This just 1219 01:04:58,480 --> 01:05:01,280 Speaker 1: makes everything worse. Proven to many Frenchmen that there had 1220 01:05:01,320 --> 01:05:04,760 Speaker 1: been a conspiracy. Brian Jenkins rights what might be called 1221 01:05:04,840 --> 01:05:07,800 Speaker 1: the dialectics of conspiracy thus played a significant role in 1222 01:05:07,840 --> 01:05:11,360 Speaker 1: the escalation of crisis. Stevitsky's death gave decisive impetus to 1223 01:05:11,400 --> 01:05:14,200 Speaker 1: conspiracy theories on the right and intensified the campaign both 1224 01:05:14,200 --> 01:05:16,840 Speaker 1: in the press and on the street. Meanwhile, the perception 1225 01:05:16,840 --> 01:05:19,040 Speaker 1: on the left that the scandal was being orchestrated for 1226 01:05:19,080 --> 01:05:22,480 Speaker 1: sinister political purposes led the government to harden its opposite 1227 01:05:22,480 --> 01:05:25,400 Speaker 1: its position and refused to make concessions. This, in turn 1228 01:05:25,440 --> 01:05:27,480 Speaker 1: gave the impression that the government was engaged in a 1229 01:05:27,560 --> 01:05:30,360 Speaker 1: cover up and therefore must have something to hide, thereby 1230 01:05:30,400 --> 01:05:34,680 Speaker 1: further reinforcing the rights conspiracy theories. However, in this competitive 1231 01:05:34,680 --> 01:05:37,480 Speaker 1: press environment, it was inevitable that the more radical and 1232 01:05:37,520 --> 01:05:40,240 Speaker 1: scurrillious newspapers that set the pace and tone for others 1233 01:05:40,280 --> 01:05:44,320 Speaker 1: to emulate. It was French Action that crystallized public opinion 1234 01:05:44,400 --> 01:05:47,440 Speaker 1: around them and orchestrated the developing affair each day, adding 1235 01:05:47,440 --> 01:05:50,440 Speaker 1: fresh names to its dossier of suspects and decisively raising 1236 01:05:50,480 --> 01:05:53,880 Speaker 1: the temperature on seventh of January with the headline down 1237 01:05:53,920 --> 01:05:57,120 Speaker 1: with the Thebes and an inflammatory appeal to the people 1238 01:05:57,160 --> 01:06:00,600 Speaker 1: of Paris. Most of the conservative press simply their lead, 1239 01:06:00,640 --> 01:06:03,920 Speaker 1: albeit in less flamboyant language, which in turn helped legitimize 1240 01:06:03,920 --> 01:06:08,440 Speaker 1: the message. Again, the truth doesn't matter. What matters is 1241 01:06:08,440 --> 01:06:12,080 Speaker 1: the narratives that take off. Yeah, yeah, totally. From January 1242 01:06:12,200 --> 01:06:15,840 Speaker 1: nine on, and this is there were demonstrations and street 1243 01:06:15,880 --> 01:06:19,000 Speaker 1: violence almost every night in Paris every week. The crowds 1244 01:06:19,040 --> 01:06:23,160 Speaker 1: grew larger. On Saturday, January the situation was bad enough 1245 01:06:23,200 --> 01:06:26,000 Speaker 1: that the president resigned and the government dissolved, or the 1246 01:06:26,040 --> 01:06:28,520 Speaker 1: Prime minister whatever resigned in the government dissolved. This was 1247 01:06:28,560 --> 01:06:30,560 Speaker 1: seen as a big victory by the right, but nobody 1248 01:06:30,640 --> 01:06:34,400 Speaker 1: knew what came next. The left are still the elected leaders. Right, 1249 01:06:35,160 --> 01:06:36,760 Speaker 1: you dissolve the government, you don't kick out all the 1250 01:06:36,760 --> 01:06:39,800 Speaker 1: deputies who have been elected. You just pick a new 1251 01:06:39,840 --> 01:06:42,120 Speaker 1: prime minister and new ministers. Right, that's what it means. 1252 01:06:42,560 --> 01:06:44,680 Speaker 1: And the left is still like gets to decide who 1253 01:06:44,680 --> 01:06:46,400 Speaker 1: the new government is and they bring in a new 1254 01:06:46,440 --> 01:06:49,320 Speaker 1: Liberal president, a guy named Dlatier. Now, while all this 1255 01:06:49,440 --> 01:06:51,680 Speaker 1: is happening, the socialists the only part of the left 1256 01:06:51,680 --> 01:06:55,040 Speaker 1: coalition that has not been horribly tainted by the Stavisky affair. 1257 01:06:55,080 --> 01:06:58,040 Speaker 1: It's radicals that are implicated. The Socialists are not. The 1258 01:06:58,160 --> 01:07:01,080 Speaker 1: radicals need the socialists both to keep the government from 1259 01:07:01,120 --> 01:07:04,360 Speaker 1: being dissolved and to avoid a deeper investigation into the matter. 1260 01:07:04,440 --> 01:07:06,760 Speaker 1: So yeah, probably a bunch more radicals were guilty. You know, 1261 01:07:06,960 --> 01:07:09,720 Speaker 1: they really don't want there to be an investigation. So 1262 01:07:10,080 --> 01:07:12,800 Speaker 1: since they had the radicals over a barrel, the socialists 1263 01:07:12,840 --> 01:07:15,919 Speaker 1: decided to make a demand of their own. Being good leftists, 1264 01:07:15,920 --> 01:07:18,760 Speaker 1: this demand is that the radicals fire the Paris chief 1265 01:07:18,760 --> 01:07:21,400 Speaker 1: of Police, John Chiapa, because he was a piece of 1266 01:07:21,400 --> 01:07:25,240 Speaker 1: ship who sympathized with fascist paramilitary groups. Of course, the 1267 01:07:25,280 --> 01:07:27,920 Speaker 1: far right loves Chiapa and they see his sacking and 1268 01:07:27,960 --> 01:07:30,840 Speaker 1: the radical promises that the police will be reformed. So 1269 01:07:30,840 --> 01:07:32,960 Speaker 1: the radicals, in order to keep the government going and 1270 01:07:33,000 --> 01:07:35,400 Speaker 1: avoid an investigation, like, we'll fire this guy and will 1271 01:07:35,440 --> 01:07:39,400 Speaker 1: completely reform the Paris police. That's the socialists demand, and 1272 01:07:39,640 --> 01:07:41,440 Speaker 1: the right wing is like this is like, this is 1273 01:07:41,480 --> 01:07:45,040 Speaker 1: clearly the precursor to a communist revolution. They're trying to 1274 01:07:45,040 --> 01:07:46,840 Speaker 1: get rid of the police so they can take over 1275 01:07:46,880 --> 01:07:51,560 Speaker 1: the streets and take all of our money, right, yeah, 1276 01:07:51,640 --> 01:07:54,600 Speaker 1: dog man. So this starts at taking clock on the 1277 01:07:54,680 --> 01:07:56,840 Speaker 1: right because they think that there's this comedy plot being 1278 01:07:56,840 --> 01:07:58,919 Speaker 1: carried out and they've only days to act in order 1279 01:07:58,960 --> 01:08:01,840 Speaker 1: to avert it. Rock Colonel Laroc of the Cross of 1280 01:08:01,920 --> 01:08:05,800 Speaker 1: Fire declares his paramilitaries to be defenders of public order. 1281 01:08:06,240 --> 01:08:10,200 Speaker 1: One League French Solidarity declares civil war is imminent, while 1282 01:08:10,200 --> 01:08:12,920 Speaker 1: the Young Patriots claim the country is in danger. A 1283 01:08:12,960 --> 01:08:17,160 Speaker 1: wholesale purge is being prepared newspapers. Right wing newspapers run 1284 01:08:17,240 --> 01:08:20,280 Speaker 1: articles about how communist revolutionaries are on the verge of 1285 01:08:20,280 --> 01:08:24,320 Speaker 1: seizing power. Colonel Larroc warns his followers a government whose 1286 01:08:24,360 --> 01:08:26,919 Speaker 1: signs the red flag wants to reduce you to slavery. 1287 01:08:27,160 --> 01:08:34,839 Speaker 1: We are threatened with sectarian dictatorship. Nothing that sounds familiar. Yeah, again, 1288 01:08:34,960 --> 01:08:38,680 Speaker 1: nothing that's ever happened. Again, nothing in any of this 1289 01:08:38,800 --> 01:08:45,760 Speaker 1: is so frustrating. I know, it's terrible. Yes, So elected 1290 01:08:45,840 --> 01:08:49,280 Speaker 1: leaders were also pushing these lines. Philip Henrio, a deputy 1291 01:08:49,320 --> 01:08:52,040 Speaker 1: from Bordeaux, was a Catholic militant who believed that the 1292 01:08:52,080 --> 01:08:55,799 Speaker 1: Stavisky affair was a Jewish Masonic conspiracy to destroy France. 1293 01:08:56,160 --> 01:08:58,679 Speaker 1: On three occasions in January, he took to the rostrum 1294 01:08:58,720 --> 01:09:01,280 Speaker 1: of the Chamber of Deputies to man right wingers rise 1295 01:09:01,360 --> 01:09:06,080 Speaker 1: up and sweep the republic. British journalist Alexander Worth was 1296 01:09:06,120 --> 01:09:07,760 Speaker 1: in Paris at the time, and he wrote this in 1297 01:09:07,800 --> 01:09:12,400 Speaker 1: early February. Already on Monday, Paris was full of wild rumors. Troops, 1298 01:09:12,400 --> 01:09:14,280 Speaker 1: it was said, had been brought into Paris. If the 1299 01:09:14,320 --> 01:09:17,160 Speaker 1: demonstrators were to cause trouble, the government would not hesitate 1300 01:09:17,200 --> 01:09:19,479 Speaker 1: to use tanks and machine guns. The work would be 1301 01:09:19,560 --> 01:09:22,439 Speaker 1: entrusted to Moroccan and Senegalese soldiers who would have no 1302 01:09:22,479 --> 01:09:27,600 Speaker 1: compunction about shooting down their white fellow citizens. And it is, 1303 01:09:27,640 --> 01:09:28,840 Speaker 1: by the way, one thing you kind of have to 1304 01:09:28,840 --> 01:09:30,760 Speaker 1: give the French in this period is that they are 1305 01:09:30,880 --> 01:09:34,680 Speaker 1: kind of the first Western government to have a significant 1306 01:09:34,760 --> 01:09:37,640 Speaker 1: number of non white citizens. They do that, not that 1307 01:09:37,680 --> 01:09:40,200 Speaker 1: they treat them equally or anything, but like it is 1308 01:09:40,200 --> 01:09:44,559 Speaker 1: a thing that happens in the dreds. Really. Um, but 1309 01:09:45,280 --> 01:09:48,720 Speaker 1: why God damn man. Of course they used them for 1310 01:09:48,720 --> 01:09:53,120 Speaker 1: shock troops, you know. Of course, I'm like, I feel 1311 01:09:53,120 --> 01:09:55,360 Speaker 1: like it was about time that one of us say 1312 01:09:55,360 --> 01:09:58,960 Speaker 1: something funny. But it's yeah, I can't. I just got 1313 01:09:58,960 --> 01:10:03,479 Speaker 1: nothing because it's just so on the freaking nose. It's 1314 01:10:03,520 --> 01:10:08,519 Speaker 1: exactly all. It's exactly what's happened, you know. So this 1315 01:10:08,600 --> 01:10:13,640 Speaker 1: prop brings us to February sixth, nineteen thirty four. The 1316 01:10:13,640 --> 01:10:16,439 Speaker 1: French government assembles for a vote of confidence and Prime 1317 01:10:16,479 --> 01:10:18,680 Speaker 1: Minister Daladier so a vote on whether or not he's 1318 01:10:18,680 --> 01:10:20,519 Speaker 1: going to keep being the prime minister or they're going 1319 01:10:20,560 --> 01:10:23,160 Speaker 1: to dissolve the government again. Uh. And I found a 1320 01:10:23,160 --> 01:10:27,479 Speaker 1: French history website Heredity that describes how things started, quote 1321 01:10:27,680 --> 01:10:30,599 Speaker 1: and all hardly more than thirty thousand demonstrators, a large 1322 01:10:30,640 --> 01:10:33,840 Speaker 1: majority of them who were ex combatants. Everyone is mobilized 1323 01:10:33,880 --> 01:10:37,000 Speaker 1: on the theme down with thebes and a demand for 1324 01:10:37,040 --> 01:10:39,880 Speaker 1: more civility and honesty in the government at the start, 1325 01:10:39,920 --> 01:10:42,040 Speaker 1: at the call of Lieutenant Colonel de lar Roc, the 1326 01:10:42,120 --> 01:10:44,559 Speaker 1: Cross of Fire quickly dispersed as soon as the first 1327 01:10:44,600 --> 01:10:47,519 Speaker 1: clashes with the mobile guard occurred. Although it arrived at 1328 01:10:47,520 --> 01:10:49,160 Speaker 1: the end of the afternoon at the gates of the 1329 01:10:49,160 --> 01:10:52,479 Speaker 1: Palais Bourbonne Larent and its veterans refused to occupy it. 1330 01:10:52,600 --> 01:10:55,640 Speaker 1: Their dispersal makes any possibility of overthrowing the regime by 1331 01:10:55,640 --> 01:10:57,920 Speaker 1: force feudal. But on the other side of the sign 1332 01:10:58,040 --> 01:11:02,080 Speaker 1: around the Palace of the Concord, demonstration degenerates. Thousands of 1333 01:11:02,120 --> 01:11:05,439 Speaker 1: activists try to march on the Palais Bourbon, the Bourbon Palace. 1334 01:11:05,439 --> 01:11:09,240 Speaker 1: I guess, So what happens here is this crowd starts 1335 01:11:09,280 --> 01:11:11,400 Speaker 1: like and and the cross the fire guys are a 1336 01:11:11,479 --> 01:11:13,840 Speaker 1: huge chunk of it, starts marching on the gates of 1337 01:11:13,840 --> 01:11:16,439 Speaker 1: the capitol, and as soon as the police get engaged in, 1338 01:11:16,479 --> 01:11:19,759 Speaker 1: the crowd starts fighting with the cops. Colonel Laroc calls 1339 01:11:19,800 --> 01:11:22,680 Speaker 1: his men back, but thousands and thousands of other right 1340 01:11:22,680 --> 01:11:26,000 Speaker 1: wing militants continue to surge ahead and keep fighting the cops, 1341 01:11:26,280 --> 01:11:29,120 Speaker 1: and as night falls, the protests go from being just 1342 01:11:29,160 --> 01:11:32,240 Speaker 1: aggressive and violent to being an active attempt to storm 1343 01:11:32,280 --> 01:11:36,040 Speaker 1: the capital. Protesters light busses on fire and destroy property, 1344 01:11:36,240 --> 01:11:38,960 Speaker 1: tearing down barricades and barriers as they attempt to breach 1345 01:11:39,000 --> 01:11:41,839 Speaker 1: the Chamber of Deputies, where Parliament is an active session. 1346 01:11:42,240 --> 01:11:45,120 Speaker 1: The police panic when the crowd starts to break through 1347 01:11:45,120 --> 01:11:48,240 Speaker 1: the barricades and they open fire. Some in the crowd 1348 01:11:48,280 --> 01:11:50,720 Speaker 1: fire back, and by the end of it all as 1349 01:11:50,760 --> 01:11:52,599 Speaker 1: many as twenty six. But we don't have an exact 1350 01:11:52,600 --> 01:11:55,040 Speaker 1: death told. Some will say twenty six people were killed 1351 01:11:55,160 --> 01:11:57,240 Speaker 1: and more than fifteen hundred are injured. Some will say 1352 01:11:57,280 --> 01:11:59,040 Speaker 1: it's more like, you know, five to ten and a 1353 01:11:59,080 --> 01:12:03,160 Speaker 1: thousand injured. But it's it's everything that happened in the 1354 01:12:03,240 --> 01:12:05,800 Speaker 1: capital in the sixth except they don't get intoside the 1355 01:12:05,800 --> 01:12:10,360 Speaker 1: capital because the French like order forces just start shooting, 1356 01:12:10,479 --> 01:12:14,519 Speaker 1: like firing into the crowd with what rifles um. So 1357 01:12:14,760 --> 01:12:18,000 Speaker 1: the riots continue for days, marking what most liberals and 1358 01:12:18,080 --> 01:12:20,200 Speaker 1: leftists would come to see as a coup attempt by 1359 01:12:20,240 --> 01:12:22,840 Speaker 1: the far right. This is probably fair, but it's also 1360 01:12:22,840 --> 01:12:25,040 Speaker 1: true that after the ninth the communists start coming out 1361 01:12:25,080 --> 01:12:26,360 Speaker 1: and force in the streets and do a lot of 1362 01:12:26,439 --> 01:12:29,840 Speaker 1: rioting themselves, and actually like three or four days after 1363 01:12:29,880 --> 01:12:31,760 Speaker 1: the attempt to storm the capital. A lot of what's 1364 01:12:31,760 --> 01:12:33,680 Speaker 1: happening on the street is being done by the communists. 1365 01:12:34,080 --> 01:12:36,400 Speaker 1: They didn't attempt to breach the Chamber of Deputies, though 1366 01:12:36,840 --> 01:12:39,799 Speaker 1: the whole affair terrifies everybody, and Prime Minister d Lattier 1367 01:12:39,920 --> 01:12:42,559 Speaker 1: resigns on advice from the police and army to avoid 1368 01:12:42,560 --> 01:12:45,240 Speaker 1: further violence. For the first time in the history of 1369 01:12:45,280 --> 01:12:49,080 Speaker 1: the Third Republic, street violence had brought down a French government. 1370 01:12:49,439 --> 01:12:51,800 Speaker 1: The week of February sixth was, in fact the most 1371 01:12:51,920 --> 01:12:54,719 Speaker 1: violent period of political unrest in France since the Commune 1372 01:12:54,760 --> 01:12:57,559 Speaker 1: of eighteen seventy one. Not everyone in the right is 1373 01:12:57,600 --> 01:13:00,760 Speaker 1: thrilled by this. Mars had of French action seems to 1374 01:13:00,760 --> 01:13:05,120 Speaker 1: have panicked immediately from the Crimson quote. Though he often 1375 01:13:05,160 --> 01:13:07,360 Speaker 1: considered the possibility of the coup in books and in 1376 01:13:07,400 --> 01:13:09,880 Speaker 1: the pages of his movement's newspaper, it is doubtful that 1377 01:13:09,920 --> 01:13:12,639 Speaker 1: he ever actually planned a revolution. On the one occasion 1378 01:13:12,680 --> 01:13:15,479 Speaker 1: which fate presented to his grasp, the riots before Chamber 1379 01:13:15,520 --> 01:13:19,679 Speaker 1: on February sixty four, he did nothing. Professor Webber calls 1380 01:13:19,720 --> 01:13:23,559 Speaker 1: the sixth of February a victory lost. Maris's hesitation at 1381 01:13:23,560 --> 01:13:26,080 Speaker 1: what seemed the very gates of power, though this impression 1382 01:13:26,120 --> 01:13:29,679 Speaker 1: was exaggerated, was, as Professor Webber says, the moment of truth, 1383 01:13:29,720 --> 01:13:32,920 Speaker 1: which showed up the emptiness of almost everyone's position. The 1384 01:13:32,960 --> 01:13:36,679 Speaker 1: parliamentary regime was shown to be a tottering, precarious structure. 1385 01:13:36,880 --> 01:13:39,320 Speaker 1: The righteous rioters had made their point, but the right 1386 01:13:39,360 --> 01:13:42,600 Speaker 1: itself was exposed as well, exposed as a lot of theorists, 1387 01:13:42,920 --> 01:13:46,040 Speaker 1: sorely lacking in the capacity to carry out their dreams. 1388 01:13:46,560 --> 01:13:50,160 Speaker 1: French Action had organized publications, public meetings, a party structure 1389 01:13:50,160 --> 01:13:53,599 Speaker 1: that extended through France, but they lacked the will to power. 1390 01:13:53,880 --> 01:13:56,400 Speaker 1: They were incapable of a Munich push, much less to 1391 01:13:56,439 --> 01:13:59,639 Speaker 1: ten year conspiracy to capture parliamentary power. At the moment 1392 01:13:59,720 --> 01:14:06,080 Speaker 1: of Action's greatest political triumphs in Europe, French fascism collapsed. Wow, 1393 01:14:06,800 --> 01:14:10,160 Speaker 1: it doesn't sound familiar at all. Yeah, no, I've never 1394 01:14:10,439 --> 01:14:13,880 Speaker 1: and again fucking um mars here he's like Alex Jones 1395 01:14:13,920 --> 01:14:17,360 Speaker 1: almost right. He's this guy who's telling everyone overthrow the government, 1396 01:14:17,360 --> 01:14:19,320 Speaker 1: and then when they start, because Alex Jones is there 1397 01:14:19,360 --> 01:14:21,720 Speaker 1: on the sixth and DC, he fucking leaves as soon 1398 01:14:21,760 --> 01:14:25,320 Speaker 1: as people crossing. He's like, sir, yeah, wait. Yeah. At 1399 01:14:25,360 --> 01:14:26,840 Speaker 1: first I thought when you was talking about the other 1400 01:14:26,920 --> 01:14:28,600 Speaker 1: dude that ended up being Epstein, I thought it was 1401 01:14:28,720 --> 01:14:33,120 Speaker 1: Jones at first. No, no, no, no, that's like your Epstein. Yeah, 1402 01:14:33,120 --> 01:14:36,559 Speaker 1: he's definitely Epstein. But at first, when we first started talking, 1403 01:14:36,600 --> 01:14:38,120 Speaker 1: I was like, it's sound like a little Alex Jones. 1404 01:14:38,200 --> 01:14:41,880 Speaker 1: But no, that's Mars. Is your Alex Jones. And he's 1405 01:14:41,920 --> 01:14:44,160 Speaker 1: just like, oh wait, I'm not. Oh no, I just 1406 01:14:44,200 --> 01:14:46,680 Speaker 1: wanted to make money telling people to the volt and 1407 01:14:46,720 --> 01:14:49,120 Speaker 1: getting them like jinned up. I didn't actually want that 1408 01:14:49,160 --> 01:14:52,519 Speaker 1: to happen. That's scary as hell. Yeah, y'all, y'all actually 1409 01:14:52,520 --> 01:14:56,240 Speaker 1: pulled triggers. Oh no, yeah, yeah, yeah yeah. Um and Kurt, 1410 01:14:56,360 --> 01:14:58,200 Speaker 1: you can see Colonel de Larroc kind of in the 1411 01:14:58,200 --> 01:14:59,880 Speaker 1: same light, although you could also argue that he was 1412 01:15:00,240 --> 01:15:02,679 Speaker 1: very state loyal, right like he wanted a new government. 1413 01:15:02,720 --> 01:15:05,320 Speaker 1: He was, he wanted less democracy, but he wasn't about 1414 01:15:05,360 --> 01:15:09,200 Speaker 1: to storm the capital. Um. So the main outcome of 1415 01:15:09,240 --> 01:15:12,839 Speaker 1: February six was that the elected right wing grows closer 1416 01:15:12,880 --> 01:15:16,680 Speaker 1: and closer to the insurrectionary far right. It also unifies 1417 01:15:16,720 --> 01:15:19,439 Speaker 1: the left wing, inspiring a popular front in France that 1418 01:15:19,520 --> 01:15:22,240 Speaker 1: takes power after a brief period of conservative rule falling 1419 01:15:22,280 --> 01:15:25,760 Speaker 1: Daladier's fall. The nineteen thirty six French Popular Front was 1420 01:15:25,840 --> 01:15:29,880 Speaker 1: at its core and anti fascist political union, and domestically 1421 01:15:29,880 --> 01:15:32,000 Speaker 1: it does a good job of stopping the French far 1422 01:15:32,080 --> 01:15:35,040 Speaker 1: right from capturing power. And this has actually led to 1423 01:15:35,080 --> 01:15:39,000 Speaker 1: a theory in French historiography that France's itself immune to 1424 01:15:39,120 --> 01:15:42,320 Speaker 1: fascism in a unique way. Um. The story goes that 1425 01:15:42,400 --> 01:15:44,960 Speaker 1: a mix of France's long standing democratic traditions and the 1426 01:15:45,000 --> 01:15:46,960 Speaker 1: fact that it's right wing is split between its own 1427 01:15:47,120 --> 01:15:51,080 Speaker 1: native brands of extremism means the country can't fall into fascism. 1428 01:15:51,080 --> 01:15:52,760 Speaker 1: This is nonsense, I will tell you right now. I 1429 01:15:52,760 --> 01:15:55,320 Speaker 1: think this is sucking bullshit. Um. And there are a 1430 01:15:55,320 --> 01:15:58,200 Speaker 1: lot of scholars. The book France and Fascism is a 1431 01:15:58,360 --> 01:16:02,640 Speaker 1: very long scholarly treatise Why this is bullshit? Um. But 1432 01:16:02,720 --> 01:16:05,000 Speaker 1: a lot of French scholars after World War Two will 1433 01:16:05,080 --> 01:16:07,880 Speaker 1: argue this that like France is immune to fascism. Um. 1434 01:16:07,920 --> 01:16:10,320 Speaker 1: The reality is that France came very close to falling 1435 01:16:10,360 --> 01:16:12,439 Speaker 1: to fascism on the sixth and it did fall to 1436 01:16:12,479 --> 01:16:17,759 Speaker 1: fascism in now. This is by conquest, right. The Nazis, 1437 01:16:17,760 --> 01:16:20,000 Speaker 1: the fascist don't gain power in France by elections. The 1438 01:16:20,080 --> 01:16:24,160 Speaker 1: Nazis conquered France. But when the Nazis take over, they 1439 01:16:24,160 --> 01:16:26,760 Speaker 1: needed to find a bunch of willing frenchmen to run 1440 01:16:26,920 --> 01:16:29,880 Speaker 1: VIC France. And they find a ton of these guys, 1441 01:16:29,920 --> 01:16:33,000 Speaker 1: a huge and already radicalized group of French fascists who 1442 01:16:33,000 --> 01:16:35,280 Speaker 1: are ready to chip in and help out. And most 1443 01:16:35,320 --> 01:16:37,599 Speaker 1: of these guys who run VIC France from the Nazis 1444 01:16:37,640 --> 01:16:40,960 Speaker 1: takeover are people who had been involved with the February 1445 01:16:41,000 --> 01:16:46,519 Speaker 1: six insurrection, right, yeah, exactly, like a ton of these dudes. Yeah, 1446 01:16:46,560 --> 01:16:50,960 Speaker 1: it's crazy that it's the six. Also, yeah, it's it's 1447 01:16:51,000 --> 01:16:56,400 Speaker 1: the it's February six, right, it's very auntic. Like when 1448 01:16:56,400 --> 01:16:58,799 Speaker 1: I started reading about this, I was so fucking shocked 1449 01:16:58,800 --> 01:17:00,240 Speaker 1: because I was thinking, like, well, you know, if you 1450 01:17:00,240 --> 01:17:02,360 Speaker 1: want to find a good comparison to the January six, 1451 01:17:02,400 --> 01:17:06,320 Speaker 1: there's aspects of the Munich coup, there's aspects of of 1452 01:17:06,320 --> 01:17:08,840 Speaker 1: of the of the March on Rome, but like, oh, ship, no, 1453 01:17:08,960 --> 01:17:14,880 Speaker 1: it's it's it's feb six four, that's exactly what happens. Um, 1454 01:17:14,920 --> 01:17:17,479 Speaker 1: So a lot of French fascists who had been a 1455 01:17:17,479 --> 01:17:19,679 Speaker 1: part of you know, what happened on the sixth wind 1456 01:17:19,760 --> 01:17:23,519 Speaker 1: up joining the Nazis. Remember Philippe Henrio, the Henriotte whatever, 1457 01:17:23,760 --> 01:17:25,920 Speaker 1: the right wing deputy who was basically the French q 1458 01:17:26,040 --> 01:17:28,240 Speaker 1: and on Glock congress person who was like, we need 1459 01:17:28,240 --> 01:17:31,640 Speaker 1: to overthrow the government. While he's in the government under occupation, 1460 01:17:31,960 --> 01:17:35,559 Speaker 1: this guy becomes the voice of Radio Vishi, broadcasting Nazi 1461 01:17:35,600 --> 01:17:39,280 Speaker 1: propaganda to millions of Frenchmen. Pierre Tattinger, who founded one 1462 01:17:39,280 --> 01:17:42,000 Speaker 1: of the first paramilitary leagues, became the president of the 1463 01:17:42,040 --> 01:17:46,320 Speaker 1: Paris Municipal Council under the Nazis. Jan Chiapa, the fascist cop, 1464 01:17:46,520 --> 01:17:49,000 Speaker 1: was made high Commissioner of the Lavant, but thankfully died 1465 01:17:49,040 --> 01:17:51,240 Speaker 1: in a plane crash pretty soon after that when he 1466 01:17:51,320 --> 01:17:57,839 Speaker 1: shot down over Lebanon by the Italian's accidentally. Yeah, Mars 1467 01:17:58,040 --> 01:18:02,240 Speaker 1: celebrated the Nazi victory as a vine surprise. Now, he 1468 01:18:02,320 --> 01:18:04,920 Speaker 1: was not a Nazi because he fucking hated German people, 1469 01:18:05,160 --> 01:18:07,519 Speaker 1: but he hated Jewish people more, and one of his 1470 01:18:07,600 --> 01:18:10,080 Speaker 1: chief complaints about the occupation is that it was too 1471 01:18:10,200 --> 01:18:13,280 Speaker 1: lenient on Jewish people. When the Third Reich fell and 1472 01:18:13,320 --> 01:18:17,240 Speaker 1: France was liberated, Marius was arrested and indicted for complicity 1473 01:18:17,320 --> 01:18:19,800 Speaker 1: with the enemy based on the pro Nazi articles he 1474 01:18:19,880 --> 01:18:22,480 Speaker 1: published at the start of the war. He was sentenced 1475 01:18:22,520 --> 01:18:26,240 Speaker 1: to life imprisonment. Upon his sentencing, mars Is said to 1476 01:18:26,280 --> 01:18:32,960 Speaker 1: have exclaimed, it's dreyfus Is revenge. Oh god, he brought 1477 01:18:33,000 --> 01:18:36,760 Speaker 1: it all the way back. It's perfect. It's a perfect circerfict. 1478 01:18:37,920 --> 01:18:43,920 Speaker 1: Oh man, and somebody screenshot of his tweets. Yeah, that's 1479 01:18:43,960 --> 01:18:47,720 Speaker 1: exactly what happens, more or less, and that prop is 1480 01:18:47,720 --> 01:18:51,240 Speaker 1: the story of February six, nineteen thirty four in Paris. 1481 01:18:51,960 --> 01:19:03,519 Speaker 1: All right, great time ever my one word haunting? Yeah, yeah, yeah, 1482 01:19:03,680 --> 01:19:07,200 Speaker 1: I like and yeah. Because I didn't have I didn't 1483 01:19:07,240 --> 01:19:11,639 Speaker 1: know much about this either. So when I was joining 1484 01:19:11,680 --> 01:19:15,759 Speaker 1: the chorus of everybody who's fascinated with history, going, guys, 1485 01:19:15,880 --> 01:19:19,800 Speaker 1: I'm telling you like this, we've seen this before. I 1486 01:19:19,800 --> 01:19:22,120 Speaker 1: don't know. I know there's no one to one, but 1487 01:19:22,479 --> 01:19:25,519 Speaker 1: we've seen something like this before. This one. I'm like, oh, 1488 01:19:25,600 --> 01:19:29,000 Speaker 1: this is the clothes. This is the closest too. Like 1489 01:19:29,040 --> 01:19:30,720 Speaker 1: you said in the beginning, I'm like, oh damn, I 1490 01:19:30,880 --> 01:19:34,280 Speaker 1: wasn't even counting this one. Yeah it was. It was 1491 01:19:34,520 --> 01:19:37,479 Speaker 1: some somebody sent me, and I honestly forget who it was, 1492 01:19:37,520 --> 01:19:39,760 Speaker 1: but somebody like somebody who I have texted with on 1493 01:19:39,880 --> 01:19:43,000 Speaker 1: signal text said like, you should look into January six, 1494 01:19:43,200 --> 01:19:45,680 Speaker 1: nineteen thirty four, and I did, and I'm like, oh 1495 01:19:45,680 --> 01:19:51,760 Speaker 1: my god, this is the same thing. So obviously it 1496 01:19:51,840 --> 01:19:55,000 Speaker 1: was a great, a great you know episode for are 1497 01:19:55,080 --> 01:19:58,040 Speaker 1: the fascists who failed part of this? Yeah, yeah, yeah. 1498 01:19:58,160 --> 01:19:59,600 Speaker 1: And there's a lot of lessons to take out of this. 1499 01:19:59,600 --> 01:20:02,559 Speaker 1: One of this is that the right loses when the 1500 01:20:02,640 --> 01:20:06,000 Speaker 1: left and liberals work together electorally, and other is that 1501 01:20:06,040 --> 01:20:09,280 Speaker 1: when the left and liberals work together electorally, they generally 1502 01:20:09,320 --> 01:20:11,719 Speaker 1: can't agree on enough to do anything that will actually 1503 01:20:11,800 --> 01:20:15,439 Speaker 1: stop the fascists from getting stronger. Um. That was one 1504 01:20:15,479 --> 01:20:17,559 Speaker 1: of my that was one of the biggest lessons I'm 1505 01:20:17,600 --> 01:20:21,280 Speaker 1: learning about this. One is just like, oh, we're so progressive, 1506 01:20:22,160 --> 01:20:24,160 Speaker 1: we're so well. Me and my wife call it. You're 1507 01:20:24,160 --> 01:20:26,760 Speaker 1: so open minded, you're clothes minded, you know what I'm saying. 1508 01:20:27,200 --> 01:20:29,720 Speaker 1: So like you just can't get it together because you're 1509 01:20:29,760 --> 01:20:33,720 Speaker 1: not open minded enough, you know. Yeah, And it's you know, 1510 01:20:34,160 --> 01:20:37,080 Speaker 1: I think a lot could argue that it's largely on 1511 01:20:37,439 --> 01:20:39,879 Speaker 1: the radicals because they have more power in the government 1512 01:20:39,920 --> 01:20:41,920 Speaker 1: and they kind of refused to do any sort of 1513 01:20:42,000 --> 01:20:46,639 Speaker 1: meaningful aid that could actually um have have clamped down 1514 01:20:46,760 --> 01:20:49,320 Speaker 1: on the far right. But also, like I don't want 1515 01:20:49,320 --> 01:20:51,160 Speaker 1: to like Negate number one, Like the media is a 1516 01:20:51,240 --> 01:20:52,760 Speaker 1: huge part of this, both in the United States and 1517 01:20:52,800 --> 01:20:56,000 Speaker 1: in France. Right, this alternate media ecosystem kind of means 1518 01:20:56,000 --> 01:20:58,240 Speaker 1: that like maybe even if the radicals had agreed with 1519 01:20:58,240 --> 01:21:01,120 Speaker 1: the socialists and they put out an effective package, would 1520 01:21:01,120 --> 01:21:03,200 Speaker 1: that have been enough to overcome the propaganda? And I 1521 01:21:03,200 --> 01:21:06,000 Speaker 1: don't know, nobody does, Nobody knows, but yeah, like I 1522 01:21:06,040 --> 01:21:08,639 Speaker 1: forget that there's a modern historian too. It's like we've 1523 01:21:08,680 --> 01:21:12,360 Speaker 1: went from the information age to the age of belief 1524 01:21:12,640 --> 01:21:14,720 Speaker 1: to the belief age, you know what I'm saying. It's 1525 01:21:14,720 --> 01:21:17,519 Speaker 1: like we've actually switched ages. It's not information, it's belief, 1526 01:21:17,920 --> 01:21:20,840 Speaker 1: you know. So like and this media circus that we're 1527 01:21:20,880 --> 01:21:24,439 Speaker 1: all in of, like you know, the closed ecosystem of 1528 01:21:24,479 --> 01:21:27,439 Speaker 1: your of your confirmation bias means that information don't matter 1529 01:21:27,520 --> 01:21:30,160 Speaker 1: belief do so. But at the end of the day, 1530 01:21:30,240 --> 01:21:32,800 Speaker 1: like like you said, like one could speculate, I just 1531 01:21:32,840 --> 01:21:36,960 Speaker 1: feel like anyone, anyone votes for somebody that puts food 1532 01:21:36,960 --> 01:21:39,880 Speaker 1: on a table, you know what I'm saying. So, like 1533 01:21:39,920 --> 01:21:44,920 Speaker 1: I said, if you put if someone's not into the 1534 01:21:44,960 --> 01:21:48,479 Speaker 1: specificities of of caring for and the others. You know 1535 01:21:48,520 --> 01:21:50,840 Speaker 1: what I'm saying, like like the way that we think 1536 01:21:50,840 --> 01:21:52,840 Speaker 1: about government and the way that the process, but just 1537 01:21:52,960 --> 01:21:56,320 Speaker 1: as simple as I need to be able to feed 1538 01:21:56,360 --> 01:21:59,120 Speaker 1: my kids, and you're making this possible, you know what 1539 01:21:59,160 --> 01:22:01,720 Speaker 1: I'm saying, in a time that like I can't just 1540 01:22:01,760 --> 01:22:05,200 Speaker 1: go get it myself, you know, then why would I 1541 01:22:05,280 --> 01:22:07,200 Speaker 1: not vote for this? You know what I'm saying, Why 1542 01:22:07,200 --> 01:22:10,200 Speaker 1: would I not back this? I don't you know, it 1543 01:22:10,280 --> 01:22:11,880 Speaker 1: could be a check for two grand a month. I 1544 01:22:11,880 --> 01:22:14,040 Speaker 1: think it's great, you know. Yeah, And that's one of 1545 01:22:14,080 --> 01:22:16,360 Speaker 1: the things do l rock in this Cross a Fire group, 1546 01:22:16,439 --> 01:22:20,000 Speaker 1: Like they actually do provide aid to other struggling veterans, 1547 01:22:20,040 --> 01:22:21,519 Speaker 1: and that's a big part of their power and why 1548 01:22:21,560 --> 01:22:24,000 Speaker 1: they're able to all get together on stuff. And it's like, yeah, 1549 01:22:24,000 --> 01:22:26,719 Speaker 1: you know, it's it's there's a lot in these lessons. 1550 01:22:26,720 --> 01:22:28,519 Speaker 1: There's a lot in the stories of just like France 1551 01:22:28,520 --> 01:22:30,240 Speaker 1: and Spain, where like one of the things we see 1552 01:22:30,280 --> 01:22:33,040 Speaker 1: when you compare them to Germany Italy is that when 1553 01:22:33,080 --> 01:22:36,080 Speaker 1: the police and the military are more on the side 1554 01:22:36,200 --> 01:22:39,000 Speaker 1: of at least the center and democracy than they are 1555 01:22:39,040 --> 01:22:41,559 Speaker 1: on the side of the right. The right can't gain 1556 01:22:41,600 --> 01:22:44,680 Speaker 1: power through an insurrection. Right in Germany and Italy, the 1557 01:22:44,720 --> 01:22:47,400 Speaker 1: police and the military are on the side of the fascists, 1558 01:22:47,439 --> 01:22:52,679 Speaker 1: and so the insurrections work, um, you know eventually yeah, yeah, 1559 01:22:52,720 --> 01:22:54,800 Speaker 1: I mean in the Munich insurrection is stopped by the 1560 01:22:54,840 --> 01:22:57,160 Speaker 1: police and stuff. And like the reason the Spanish Civil 1561 01:22:57,200 --> 01:22:59,400 Speaker 1: War becomes a war is because most of the military 1562 01:22:59,439 --> 01:23:01,840 Speaker 1: and most of the police in Spain don't go with 1563 01:23:01,880 --> 01:23:06,320 Speaker 1: the fascists. In France. It's kind of the same thing. Um, 1564 01:23:06,360 --> 01:23:08,320 Speaker 1: which is a lesson. I think there's a it's a 1565 01:23:08,360 --> 01:23:12,960 Speaker 1: great lesson. Yeah, confusing lessons in all of this. Yeah. Um. 1566 01:23:13,000 --> 01:23:16,599 Speaker 1: Another is that regardless of what the far left does, 1567 01:23:16,840 --> 01:23:21,280 Speaker 1: the far right will turn them into everyone who is 1568 01:23:21,600 --> 01:23:25,080 Speaker 1: left of center right yeah, yeah, And even if they 1569 01:23:25,080 --> 01:23:26,960 Speaker 1: don't do anything, they'll lie. It's like the kind of 1570 01:23:27,000 --> 01:23:30,519 Speaker 1: thing where you know, liberals during the election, we're like, 1571 01:23:30,560 --> 01:23:33,240 Speaker 1: look at the like all what you know, these anti 1572 01:23:33,240 --> 01:23:35,120 Speaker 1: for kids breaking all these windows are going to lose 1573 01:23:35,280 --> 01:23:37,200 Speaker 1: us the election to Donald Trump. And it's like, that's 1574 01:23:37,200 --> 01:23:42,440 Speaker 1: actually not what happened, because the right are we're so propaganda. 1575 01:23:42,520 --> 01:23:44,720 Speaker 1: Is that no matter what Antifa did, it wouldn't have 1576 01:23:44,760 --> 01:23:47,400 Speaker 1: if they just marched peacefully in the streets. The propaganda 1577 01:23:47,400 --> 01:23:49,759 Speaker 1: would have would have made them seem like the coming 1578 01:23:49,760 --> 01:23:53,360 Speaker 1: of a communist revolution. Um. What matters is that liberals 1579 01:23:53,400 --> 01:23:57,760 Speaker 1: not buy into it. And and then I did where 1580 01:23:57,760 --> 01:23:59,639 Speaker 1: you were just like, hey, the fund the police would 1581 01:23:59,640 --> 01:24:01,479 Speaker 1: have lost is election. Look, man, don't shoot at us. 1582 01:24:01,560 --> 01:24:05,439 Speaker 1: Doc Like, yeah, look it didn't you know, it did 1583 01:24:05,479 --> 01:24:08,120 Speaker 1: hit number one, you know what I'm saying, you like, 1584 01:24:08,320 --> 01:24:11,800 Speaker 1: and as much as we could, unfortunately it's like, well 1585 01:24:12,520 --> 01:24:18,040 Speaker 1: Trump fumbling Corona. Like it's like really, yeah, you know 1586 01:24:18,080 --> 01:24:21,720 Speaker 1: what I'm saying, So like, don't look man, same team, bro. 1587 01:24:21,920 --> 01:24:24,879 Speaker 1: I'm just trying to tell you this is a good idea. 1588 01:24:25,120 --> 01:24:31,479 Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, man, yeah, yeah, it's there's a lot, a 1589 01:24:31,479 --> 01:24:36,559 Speaker 1: lot to learn. And next episode, our penultimate episode, Behind 1590 01:24:36,560 --> 01:24:40,439 Speaker 1: the Insurrections, we're gonna talk about the business plot. Um. 1591 01:24:40,640 --> 01:24:42,439 Speaker 1: So we're gonna be coming back home to the old 1592 01:24:42,520 --> 01:24:46,120 Speaker 1: U s U s A. Yeah, that's gonna be good. 1593 01:24:46,320 --> 01:24:49,639 Speaker 1: That'll be Thursday. Um, But for now, prop you wanna 1594 01:24:50,040 --> 01:24:54,439 Speaker 1: drop some plug dobles? Yes, yes, this, yes, because I'm 1595 01:24:54,479 --> 01:24:59,000 Speaker 1: so excited because the pre save link for my first 1596 01:24:59,000 --> 01:25:02,200 Speaker 1: single on the next rec it is now out excellent 1597 01:25:02,360 --> 01:25:05,679 Speaker 1: profit pop dot com. Yes, and all my socials. Also 1598 01:25:05,880 --> 01:25:09,600 Speaker 1: there's a new coffee roast called the Culture also available 1599 01:25:09,600 --> 01:25:14,280 Speaker 1: on the website. Uh, pulled from Ethiopia and like tasted 1600 01:25:14,320 --> 01:25:19,240 Speaker 1: it myself, met the farmers. This is real stuff. Uh. 1601 01:25:19,360 --> 01:25:24,960 Speaker 1: And I will be on Hood pot Dank Anderson. You 1602 01:25:24,960 --> 01:25:26,719 Speaker 1: want some coffee, dog. All you gotta do is DM 1603 01:25:26,760 --> 01:25:28,840 Speaker 1: me ho me like you ain't gotta like yell like that. 1604 01:25:29,520 --> 01:25:31,760 Speaker 1: And I'm telling the truth like you're barking at me 1605 01:25:31,800 --> 01:25:37,120 Speaker 1: like I'm lying. Uh. And Hood Politics with props uh 1606 01:25:38,439 --> 01:25:41,320 Speaker 1: shooting out doing that's going cool. You could get on 1607 01:25:41,360 --> 01:25:45,400 Speaker 1: all the all the all the podcast sections, and which 1608 01:25:45,479 --> 01:25:48,720 Speaker 1: was funny because like just now one of the predictions, 1609 01:25:48,960 --> 01:25:51,200 Speaker 1: we're not just now. Last week one of the predictions 1610 01:25:51,200 --> 01:25:53,880 Speaker 1: came true. Uh and we kind of did a little 1611 01:25:53,880 --> 01:25:56,479 Speaker 1: funny little roast about that was the prediction of like 1612 01:25:57,000 --> 01:26:02,080 Speaker 1: the Proud Boys being infiltrated to Oldjohn was infiltrated. Guys. Well, 1613 01:26:02,160 --> 01:26:04,080 Speaker 1: it's it's you know, it's one of the things that's 1614 01:26:04,080 --> 01:26:05,840 Speaker 1: frustrating to be about the Proud Boys is that like 1615 01:26:06,000 --> 01:26:10,479 Speaker 1: Enrique Terrio was an FBI informant um and this is 1616 01:26:10,920 --> 01:26:12,439 Speaker 1: being taken by a lot of the left to mean 1617 01:26:12,479 --> 01:26:14,920 Speaker 1: that like, well, the the Proud Boys were an FBI 1618 01:26:14,960 --> 01:26:17,080 Speaker 1: op from the beginning, and like, of course that's not 1619 01:26:17,120 --> 01:26:19,760 Speaker 1: really how it like, it's this it's this thing, you see. 1620 01:26:19,760 --> 01:26:21,680 Speaker 1: It's the thing that j Edgar Hoover wrote about where 1621 01:26:21,720 --> 01:26:24,040 Speaker 1: like one of his goals with co Intel Pro was 1622 01:26:24,080 --> 01:26:26,680 Speaker 1: to make the FBI seems so powerful and omnipresent that 1623 01:26:26,720 --> 01:26:30,160 Speaker 1: people would think they were responsible for everything. Um, And 1624 01:26:30,200 --> 01:26:33,519 Speaker 1: it's less that and more that like Enrique Tario is 1625 01:26:33,560 --> 01:26:37,200 Speaker 1: the kind of person who is immediately going to roll 1626 01:26:37,240 --> 01:26:40,960 Speaker 1: on everybody that he was involved with. Um yeah, yeah, 1627 01:26:41,080 --> 01:26:44,400 Speaker 1: yeah that that that yeah, that like goes back to 1628 01:26:44,520 --> 01:26:46,360 Speaker 1: me like in the left, where I'm like, in the 1629 01:26:46,400 --> 01:26:47,920 Speaker 1: same way, I'll be looking at like a lot of 1630 01:26:47,960 --> 01:26:49,519 Speaker 1: the right wing people and I'm like, yo, where's Joe 1631 01:26:49,520 --> 01:26:52,880 Speaker 1: Antenna's man, like discerned this situation? You Like, that's not 1632 01:26:53,000 --> 01:26:55,240 Speaker 1: what's happening, you feel me? And I feel like with 1633 01:26:55,280 --> 01:26:57,120 Speaker 1: this one, that's one of those situations to where I'm 1634 01:26:57,160 --> 01:26:59,439 Speaker 1: just like, yeah, you're saying a whole thing as an 1635 01:26:59,479 --> 01:27:03,800 Speaker 1: FBI front, Like like it's come on, man, we got 1636 01:27:04,360 --> 01:27:06,559 Speaker 1: is bro. No, they got a guy. Of course, a 1637 01:27:06,600 --> 01:27:08,720 Speaker 1: bunch of them were talking to the FEDS. Yeah, they 1638 01:27:08,840 --> 01:27:11,920 Speaker 1: got like, yeah, they saw the same they saw the 1639 01:27:11,960 --> 01:27:14,639 Speaker 1: same problem as we saw. And he said, we better 1640 01:27:14,640 --> 01:27:16,439 Speaker 1: do something about ship. You know what I'm saying. We 1641 01:27:16,439 --> 01:27:19,599 Speaker 1: don't want another gang that's like another gang. Yeah, we're 1642 01:27:19,600 --> 01:27:22,960 Speaker 1: we're the top gang, you know, yes, um, But it's 1643 01:27:23,000 --> 01:27:25,439 Speaker 1: like people will believe what they believe. It's like with 1644 01:27:25,479 --> 01:27:29,320 Speaker 1: Epstein and with Stevitsky. You know, yeah, you know, maybe 1645 01:27:29,320 --> 01:27:32,000 Speaker 1: he killed himself, maybe he didn't. You know, he did 1646 01:27:32,360 --> 01:27:34,479 Speaker 1: was murdered because he knew. And it's like, you know, 1647 01:27:34,600 --> 01:27:37,479 Speaker 1: fucking a with both Epstein and Stevitsky. You look at 1648 01:27:37,520 --> 01:27:39,240 Speaker 1: the response of the people in power to it, and 1649 01:27:39,240 --> 01:27:41,400 Speaker 1: it's like, yeah, it's pretty fucking suss. You know, you 1650 01:27:41,479 --> 01:27:44,120 Speaker 1: don't want his you do not want his pass code, 1651 01:27:44,360 --> 01:27:47,759 Speaker 1: you don't want that. If if that bull's phone got hacked, 1652 01:27:47,840 --> 01:27:51,400 Speaker 1: broken into all the text messages on that, yeah, it's 1653 01:27:51,439 --> 01:27:54,080 Speaker 1: all bad. Yeah. And I mean it comes back to 1654 01:27:54,120 --> 01:27:56,960 Speaker 1: the fact that one of the reasons why conspiratorial thinking 1655 01:27:57,000 --> 01:27:59,200 Speaker 1: can be so influential and spread so quick, can be 1656 01:27:59,280 --> 01:28:01,120 Speaker 1: so hard to fight, is that there's a funk lot 1657 01:28:01,120 --> 01:28:03,799 Speaker 1: of actual conspiracy is happening all the time. It's the problem, 1658 01:28:04,240 --> 01:28:05,760 Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. It's the same thing with 1659 01:28:05,880 --> 01:28:07,840 Speaker 1: like we talked about the anti Baxter thing where it's 1660 01:28:07,840 --> 01:28:10,240 Speaker 1: like it's not like the medical industry is helping, you 1661 01:28:10,280 --> 01:28:14,480 Speaker 1: know what I'm saying, Like it's not perdue pharmaceuticals reputation 1662 01:28:14,600 --> 01:28:17,880 Speaker 1: helps people trust vaccine. You know what I'm saying. The 1663 01:28:17,960 --> 01:28:22,240 Speaker 1: Sackler family and ship like, y'all crooks. I know you're crooks. 1664 01:28:22,280 --> 01:28:26,080 Speaker 1: That's said. I don't know nobody that got polio. Mm hmm, 1665 01:28:26,880 --> 01:28:30,040 Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. So yeah, yeah, anyway, it's 1666 01:28:30,120 --> 01:28:34,240 Speaker 1: it's it's all great and our next episode will be 1667 01:28:34,280 --> 01:28:39,120 Speaker 1: great too. Let's talk about how what the history Robert's 1668 01:28:39,160 --> 01:28:41,840 Speaker 1: Twitter feed? You can follow him that I write, I 1669 01:28:41,920 --> 01:28:44,719 Speaker 1: don't recommend that at all. Stay the off of Twitter. 1670 01:28:44,840 --> 01:28:47,599 Speaker 1: I think it's great. And you dropped some few gyms recently. 1671 01:28:47,640 --> 01:28:48,840 Speaker 1: As a matter of fact, I was waiting at this 1672 01:28:48,880 --> 01:28:52,479 Speaker 1: when to talk about the to talk about the trout 1673 01:28:52,560 --> 01:28:57,519 Speaker 1: bait shop tweet that was brilliant. I'm giving you what 1674 01:28:57,560 --> 01:29:01,479 Speaker 1: was it funk around? And what was what was it 1675 01:29:01,680 --> 01:29:05,880 Speaker 1: about the debate shop? Was it it was sunk around? 1676 01:29:05,920 --> 01:29:09,240 Speaker 1: And I'll find out yeah, oh yeah, sunk around and 1677 01:29:09,240 --> 01:29:13,760 Speaker 1: find trout, around and find trout. I was like, let's go. 1678 01:29:14,439 --> 01:29:17,559 Speaker 1: I like to me, I was like, look, that's you 1679 01:29:17,640 --> 01:29:21,080 Speaker 1: caught that. Whatever you want. That's a brilliant I think 1680 01:29:21,120 --> 01:29:23,599 Speaker 1: we can make a lot of money. That's that's my 1681 01:29:23,840 --> 01:29:26,599 Speaker 1: that's my retirement plan. It's funk around and find trout. 1682 01:29:26,960 --> 01:29:29,679 Speaker 1: It's brilliant. It's brilliant. Let me tell you why, because 1683 01:29:30,000 --> 01:29:33,599 Speaker 1: I went one time in my life too. Uh oh. 1684 01:29:33,600 --> 01:29:35,559 Speaker 1: We talked about before when I ended up in Wyoming 1685 01:29:35,600 --> 01:29:38,479 Speaker 1: and wantanna fly fishing. Just on the most the most 1686 01:29:38,560 --> 01:29:41,160 Speaker 1: random thing. I just got these friends in different places 1687 01:29:41,160 --> 01:29:44,599 Speaker 1: that allow me to do just white ship, right. But 1688 01:29:45,000 --> 01:29:47,680 Speaker 1: it don't have to be white ship. It don't have 1689 01:29:47,800 --> 01:29:51,040 Speaker 1: to be like what if I like fishing, what if 1690 01:29:51,040 --> 01:29:54,240 Speaker 1: I think rainbow trout is beautiful. It's just uncomfortable to 1691 01:29:54,280 --> 01:29:57,439 Speaker 1: walk into the trout store, the fish store and look 1692 01:29:57,479 --> 01:29:59,160 Speaker 1: around and just be like, oh, I look like I 1693 01:29:59,240 --> 01:30:02,120 Speaker 1: don't belong here, Like you made it very clear that 1694 01:30:02,200 --> 01:30:04,360 Speaker 1: I should not be in this place. But if it's 1695 01:30:04,400 --> 01:30:08,360 Speaker 1: called around and find trout, I'm like, oh, let's shop there. 1696 01:30:08,479 --> 01:30:10,800 Speaker 1: Bro this fool cool. It's a it's a it's a 1697 01:30:10,920 --> 01:30:17,760 Speaker 1: radical intersectional bait and tackle shop. Rainbow Trout is delicious 1698 01:30:18,000 --> 01:30:21,320 Speaker 1: and Rainbow Trout listen. Oh my gosh, yeah, I'm I'm like, 1699 01:30:21,920 --> 01:30:24,639 Speaker 1: I'm like a B minus pestytarian, you know what I'm saying. 1700 01:30:24,720 --> 01:30:27,679 Speaker 1: Like I basically eat fish, except I live in boiled Heights, 1701 01:30:27,680 --> 01:30:30,560 Speaker 1: so the tacos are flawless. So I break rules for 1702 01:30:30,600 --> 01:30:34,880 Speaker 1: the tacos. But bro talk around and find Trout. Let's 1703 01:30:34,880 --> 01:30:39,760 Speaker 1: go around and find Trout. Y'all have y'all made the 1704 01:30:39,800 --> 01:30:43,720 Speaker 1: T shirt yet? Oh no, no we have not, but 1705 01:30:44,040 --> 01:30:46,599 Speaker 1: now that it's been in an episode, we can. It 1706 01:30:46,600 --> 01:30:50,760 Speaker 1: needs to be a T shirt anyway. Anyways, that's that's 1707 01:30:50,800 --> 01:30:59,280 Speaker 1: the episode. That nice. Rest of your day. Yeah yeah,