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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm editor Kendith Kenner, joined by fellow editor Katie Lambert Candice.

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Speaker 1: Hey there, Katie. I have to tell all of you,

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Speaker 1: Katie is so nice in Tan from a weekend in Destin,

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Speaker 1: and I was just remarking that I could also use

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Speaker 1: a vacation. And in the summertime, I love going to Washington,

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Speaker 1: d C. I don't think there's anything more fun than

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Speaker 1: being in that part of the country, especially around the

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Speaker 1: fourth of July. And the last time I was in

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Speaker 1: d C, I visited a site that I hadn't before.

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Speaker 1: And I wouldn't exactly call it off the beaten path,

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Speaker 1: because it's not. It's off the George Washington Memorial Parkway.

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Speaker 1: But if you've never been to Teddy Roosevelt Island, you've

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Speaker 1: got to go. It's this wonderful monument to his conservationist ideals.

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Speaker 1: And there's a swamp and forest and a boardwalk and

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Speaker 1: best of all, I can take Jupiter because pets are allowed.

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Speaker 1: And I mean, what more could a girl ask for?

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Speaker 1: Not a whole lot? Not a whole lot. And the

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Speaker 1: greatest thing about Teddy Roosevelt, I think is that he

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Speaker 1: was so forward thinking and in a time when industry

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Speaker 1: was king and loggers and miners and many other industry

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Speaker 1: men have bounded, he had the foresight to plan for

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Speaker 1: our country's natural resources to be protected and saved. And

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Speaker 1: that brings me to the question, was Teddy Roosevelt our

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Speaker 1: first real green president? I've heard of some other candidates

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Speaker 1: actually for green presidents. I was talking to our Green

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Speaker 1: editor Sarah Dowdy before this podcast, and she was saying

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Speaker 1: that Nixon was actually responsible for the Environmental Protection Agency

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Speaker 1: and for the Clean Air Act, but we don't think

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Speaker 1: of someone like Richard Nixon as being particularly green. Well,

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Speaker 1: I think that the word green has such a modern

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Speaker 1: and contemporary resonance. How long ago did we really start

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Speaker 1: throwing the word around, well exactly, And I think the

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Speaker 1: meaning of being green has changed throughout the decades, Like

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Speaker 1: right now you're thinking global warming precisely. And I think

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Speaker 1: when you when you hear the word green, you also

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Speaker 1: think of sort of a touchy feely person, someone who's

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Speaker 1: in touch with the people, someone who's really making effort

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Speaker 1: to care about the earth and presenter a good image

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Speaker 1: of stewardship to the people. And maybe that's why Nickson

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Speaker 1: comes to such a surprise, because that's not exactly the

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Speaker 1: legacy that he left behind. But a few other candidates

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Speaker 1: whose names have come up are people like Jimmy Carter,

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Speaker 1: who helped to found the Department of Energy back in

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Speaker 1: Thomas Jefferson, who had ideas of an agrarian paradise taking

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Speaker 1: hold in the United States, with everyone farming and doing

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Speaker 1: their part to help cultivate the land um and of course,

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Speaker 1: not to mention the Jefferson negotiated the Louisiana purchased to

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Speaker 1: add that much more land to state. I'll stop now,

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Speaker 1: get off my my Jefferson sitbox FDR who set up

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Speaker 1: the Civilian Conservation Corps, which was a major contributor to

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Speaker 1: helping UH bolster awareness of different trucks of wilderness and

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Speaker 1: also to cultivate the land. To and even Lincoln who

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Speaker 1: created the United States Department of Agriculture. And I have

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Speaker 1: to give credit to these rankings and to these accomplishments,

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Speaker 1: to the Daily Green and Tree Hugger as well as

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Speaker 1: ms N who developed lists of the greenest Presidents and

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Speaker 1: on the Daily Green, Teddy Roosevelt ranked number one, and

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Speaker 1: on the MSN list he was number five. But if

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Speaker 1: you're going to, I guess, quantify someone's greenness, you have

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Speaker 1: to really look at his accomplishments as a president. And

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Speaker 1: Teddy Roosevelt has a whole list of things that he accomplished,

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Speaker 1: starting with one hundred and fifty national forests, fifty one

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Speaker 1: bird reservations, four national game preserves, five national parks, eight

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Speaker 1: ten national monuments. The list just goes on and on,

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Speaker 1: and according to the Teddy Roosevelt Association, he expanded forest

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Speaker 1: reserves by four I mean, if it weren't for Teddy Roosevelt,

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Speaker 1: we would not have the Grand Canyon as it is,

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Speaker 1: would we not? Truly, we really wouldn't. And that's another

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Speaker 1: facet to his ideals of conservationism, the idea that the

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Speaker 1: United States, being a new country, doesn't have that sort

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Speaker 1: of rich cultural heritage and types of monuments the places

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Speaker 1: like Europe. Do you know what we have to offer,

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Speaker 1: you know, to show ourselves to the world are these

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Speaker 1: beautiful tracts of wilderness and interesting and unique formations in

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Speaker 1: the earth itself. And we need to be proud of that.

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Speaker 1: And that's why we need to preserve landmarks like the

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Speaker 1: Grand Canyon exactly. We don't have the Colosseum, but we

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Speaker 1: do have yuse somebody so beat that exactly. So we've

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Speaker 1: listed a bunch of his accomplishments. But I think that

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Speaker 1: to really prove how green he is, since that onus

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Speaker 1: is on us, since we've posited that he's the greenest

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Speaker 1: guy around, or at least the first green president, we

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Speaker 1: should delve into his history and his career. He came

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Speaker 1: into the White House back in nineteen o one, and

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Speaker 1: he was there until nineteen o nine, and he was

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Speaker 1: only forty three years old when he assumed the presidency

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Speaker 1: of the United States, and he leveraged the Antiquities Act

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Speaker 1: of nineteen o six in order to protect different sites

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Speaker 1: around the country as well as give future presidents the

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Speaker 1: license to declare different areas that could be considered of

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Speaker 1: scientific or historic interest as national monuments. And one example

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Speaker 1: of how he exercised the Antiquities Act was when he

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Speaker 1: declared the Petrified Forest in Arizona a national monument. He

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Speaker 1: was pretty captivated with Arizona in general. I think, well,

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Speaker 1: he was really fascinated by the West, and an important

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Speaker 1: thing to notice that while he was born to a

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Speaker 1: wealthy family on the East Coast. There were a couple

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Speaker 1: of events that happened in his life that inspired him

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Speaker 1: to go west. Back in the eighteen eighties. Actually was

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Speaker 1: when he headed out there, and this was around the

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Speaker 1: time that his mother and his first wife had died.

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Speaker 1: Tragedy really struck him. On a personal note. He'd been

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Speaker 1: reading in New York Magazine about Howard Eaton's Custer Trail

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Speaker 1: ranch in the Dakota bad Lands, and he was fascinated

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Speaker 1: by the idea of really getting in touch with his

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Speaker 1: masculine side, which is something we'll bring up again later,

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Speaker 1: and hunting and fishing and riding horses. So he went

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Speaker 1: out west, and he actually took down an outlaw while

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Speaker 1: he was out there, in addition to the hunting and

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Speaker 1: fishing aspect of being in the wild West. And he

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Speaker 1: became the owner of the Maltese Cross Ranch, and he

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Speaker 1: wrote home and encouraged his fellow Easterners to come out

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Speaker 1: west and see what it had to offer. And dude

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Speaker 1: ranches really became popular by virtue of Teddy Roosevelt and

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Speaker 1: his his inspirational actions and drawing people out to this

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Speaker 1: type of lifestyle. And if you're wondering about the word

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Speaker 1: dude sort of a funny term. Uh. In New York

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Speaker 1: it was used to reference the city slicker, someone who

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Speaker 1: was really well groomed and put together, roughing it in

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Speaker 1: the conditions of the West. Was he actually a good rancher.

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Speaker 1: I don't know if he was a good ranger. Maybe

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Speaker 1: one of our our listeners can weigh in via email

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Speaker 1: or on the blog. But something he was very good

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Speaker 1: at was establishing reverence toward nature. And he did some

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Speaker 1: sort of contradictory things to the idea of being a

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Speaker 1: good steward of nature, which you were asking me about

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Speaker 1: earlier and really put me in a tough spot to answer.

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Speaker 1: He was big into hunting, wasn't he. And when you

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Speaker 1: think of someone being green, you normally think, you know,

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Speaker 1: a little touchy feely. You don't picture them going out

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Speaker 1: and shooting grizzly bears, especially since he lived his life

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Speaker 1: by the understanding that stuff runs out. To put it crudely,

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Speaker 1: he was very much into conservationism and he knew that

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Speaker 1: stuff right out. So why would he go and hunt

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Speaker 1: big game with such wild abandon Well, and I think

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Speaker 1: part of it he actually went to go hunt bison,

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Speaker 1: and there were no bison to hunt, because that particular

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Speaker 1: stock of animal had in fact been exhausted in that

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Speaker 1: part of the country. And this is a topic on

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Speaker 1: which he clashed with one of his most influential sources.

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Speaker 1: As you were mentioning, oh, John Moore, Yes, who was

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Speaker 1: one of the core founders of the Sierra Club, and

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Speaker 1: he took a life changing trip to Yosemite and the

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Speaker 1: Grand Canyon um in the West with John Moore, and

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Speaker 1: they I think bickered quite a bit actually about that,

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Speaker 1: because Teddy was concerned with things like sustainable forestry, whereas

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Speaker 1: John Moore was saying that, no, we shouldn't be cutting

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Speaker 1: down the trees period, we should be preserving what we have.

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Speaker 1: And Teddy would have butted heads on that point and

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Speaker 1: would have defined sustainable forestry by explaining that you can

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Speaker 1: use the land in a democratic way or you can

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Speaker 1: use it in a very privatized way. And he foresaw

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Speaker 1: using the land for all strata of society. And until

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Speaker 1: then many people conceived of the wealthy classes being able

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Speaker 1: to use the land as freely as they wanted for recreation,

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Speaker 1: for hunting, and he wanted to make it available for everyone.

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Speaker 1: And in reference to his hunting with wild Abandon, I

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Speaker 1: wanted to refer to Daniel Filler, who wrote an essay

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Speaker 1: called Theodore Roosevelt Conservation is the Guardian of democracy. And

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Speaker 1: he explained that Roosevelt equated land and natural resources with

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Speaker 1: economic and political success. And again we'll we'll broach the

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Speaker 1: idea of conservationism is the key to the country's future

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Speaker 1: in just a minute. But something that Filler pose that

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Speaker 1: was so interesting to me was the idea of hunting

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Speaker 1: is a way to create a code of ethics toward nature.

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Speaker 1: And Roosevelt based this idea on the type of aristocratic

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Speaker 1: hunting traditions that were very much alive in Europe. They

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Speaker 1: established a type of manliness. They made a man very

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Speaker 1: virile and and hardy and full of life. The fact

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Speaker 1: that he could go out there and and hunt with

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Speaker 1: the band, and yes, but also with restraint. You know,

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Speaker 1: you hunt for for them. I guess the joint satisfaction

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Speaker 1: of taking down an animal you assert your manliness on

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Speaker 1: the land. And he saw in the United States that

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Speaker 1: is urbanization was growing, America was becoming very emasculated in

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Speaker 1: a sense. He was very worried that men would would

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Speaker 1: lose the ideals on which the country was founded, and

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Speaker 1: he saw this emasculation of man as the death of democracy. Well,

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Speaker 1: and being a rough rider, cowboy type of guy, I

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Speaker 1: don't think he was very fond of that particular deterioration exactly.

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Speaker 1: That's an excellent point drawing another aspect of his career.

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Speaker 1: There he was very much ahead of his time with

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Speaker 1: some of the ideas that he uh. He advocated in

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Speaker 1: nine eight he said, our position in the world has

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Speaker 1: been attained by the extent and thoroughness of the control

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Speaker 1: we have achieved over nature. But we are more and

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Speaker 1: not less dependent upon what she America furnishes then at

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Speaker 1: any previous time of history. And what do you think

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Speaker 1: that means? Well, Like I was explaining earlier, equitting landed

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Speaker 1: natural resources with economic and political success, Roosevelt saw the

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Speaker 1: abundance of America the timber and the mind and dairy, say,

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Speaker 1: the clean air, and the abundance of birds and wildlife

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Speaker 1: as America's key to success on the global stage. We

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Speaker 1: have an abundance, and that's what would guarantee our success

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Speaker 1: among other countries with other resources at their disposal, but

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Speaker 1: perhaps too many Americans at this time, we're using them carelessly,

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Speaker 1: and he wanted to preserve them for future generations. And

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Speaker 1: he even said and his seventh Annual Message to Congress,

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Speaker 1: that there's no such thing as an inexhaustible resource. And

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Speaker 1: I quite teddy. Optimism is a good characteristic, but if

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Speaker 1: carried to an excess, it becomes foolishness. We are prone

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Speaker 1: to speak of the resources of this country is inexhaustible.

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Speaker 1: This is not so. He has some great quotes on conservation.

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Speaker 1: I was reading another one where he goes specifically through

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Speaker 1: everything and what will happen when we run into the

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Speaker 1: forest when the coal is gone, the iron it's gone,

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Speaker 1: the oil is gone, the gas is gone, and that

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Speaker 1: it's time to start thinking about these things. And the

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Speaker 1: fact that he was posing these ideas in a time

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Speaker 1: when it was incredibly unpopular to talk about tapering off

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Speaker 1: one's use of the land, I think is what really

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Speaker 1: asserts his place as as the nation's first and if

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Speaker 1: not greenest president. And very much are progressive, along with

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Speaker 1: the other ideals of his party. Definitely, and of course

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Speaker 1: we remain to see what our current president and future presidents.

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Speaker 1: You're on out due to exemplify greenness in the White House,

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Speaker 1: and we are positive that many of you are are

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Speaker 1: itching with things to uh to say about Teddy Burgeveld

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Speaker 1: and other presidents who you might think you're even greener

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Speaker 1: that we invite you to email us at History Podcast

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Speaker 1: having a good green debate with you. And for more

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Speaker 1: on Teddy Roosevelt and other green ideas and conservationist principles,

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Speaker 1: be sure to visit the website at how stuff works

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Speaker 1: dot com. For more on this and thousands of other topics,

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