WEBVTT - Fecal Fossils: The Cave of Forgotten Poops 0:00:03.800 --> 0:00:06.680 Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from how Stuff 0:00:06.680 --> 0:00:13.640 Works dot com. Hey you welcome to Stuff to Blow 0:00:13.680 --> 0:00:15.680 your Mind. My name is Robert Lamb. My name is 0:00:15.760 --> 0:00:18.360 Julie Tuglas. Julie had your weekend go It was great. 0:00:18.480 --> 0:00:23.320 It was great. I handled lots of pretend dinosaur poop. 0:00:24.000 --> 0:00:27.560 Where did you do this? Um? This was at the 0:00:27.680 --> 0:00:30.400 fern Bank Museum here in Atlanta, and they have an 0:00:30.440 --> 0:00:33.479 exhibit called the Scoop on Poop and they had a 0:00:33.520 --> 0:00:35.640 special little thing for kids. I mean, I think it 0:00:35.720 --> 0:00:37.879 was for kids. I was totally hanging out doing it, 0:00:37.960 --> 0:00:41.040 but um sing out of the way. Yeah. I was like, hey, 0:00:41.040 --> 0:00:44.800 that's that's my Plato fake poop. Um. But they did this. 0:00:44.840 --> 0:00:47.159 It was really great. My daughter loved it too. Um. 0:00:47.440 --> 0:00:50.959 They rolled up just a bunch of different like uh, plants, 0:00:51.360 --> 0:00:56.920 materials or bones or um both into different pieces of Plato. 0:00:57.440 --> 0:00:59.360 And then you'd have to discover, you know, was it 0:00:59.400 --> 0:01:03.120 a carnival or was Astonis wore an omnivore or nerbivore? 0:01:03.800 --> 0:01:06.160 And kids love this. You're right, you know that they're 0:01:06.200 --> 0:01:08.679 all crowding these tables because even if you just call 0:01:08.760 --> 0:01:11.680 it pretend poop and it's squishy, they will pick it 0:01:11.800 --> 0:01:14.280 up and and have at it. Kids love poop. It's 0:01:14.319 --> 0:01:16.720 it's a known fact. And uh. And you can learn 0:01:16.720 --> 0:01:19.280 a lot from an animal species. It's uh, I mean, 0:01:19.520 --> 0:01:22.720 it's it's pretty established fact. You can learn about an 0:01:22.720 --> 0:01:25.960 animal's diet. You can learn about what kind of parasites 0:01:26.000 --> 0:01:27.920 it might have had, if it had you know, worms 0:01:27.959 --> 0:01:31.720 and stuff. I mean, if you've if you, if you 0:01:31.760 --> 0:01:34.000 have a child, if you have a pet, you've probably 0:01:34.080 --> 0:01:37.440 encountered a little of this um where you you get 0:01:37.480 --> 0:01:41.600 to haven't get an intimant glance into what's going on 0:01:41.680 --> 0:01:45.480 inside your animal based or inside your child, based on 0:01:45.560 --> 0:01:49.200 what's coming out of said organism. Who is sometimes an animal? Yeah, 0:01:49.280 --> 0:01:52.880 that's true. You will know if corn was for dinner, 0:01:53.440 --> 0:01:56.280 You're like, whoa. You know, if you've changed your your 0:01:56.320 --> 0:01:57.960 pet cat's food and then you go to scoop the 0:01:57.960 --> 0:01:59.920 litter box, you can sometimes tell WHOA. There was a 0:02:00.000 --> 0:02:03.520 shift and died here because the nature of the clumps 0:02:03.560 --> 0:02:06.120 has changed. Yep. And that's what that's what we're gonna 0:02:06.120 --> 0:02:08.160 talk about today, the nature of the clumps and the 0:02:08.520 --> 0:02:13.280 merits of schatology here. Um. It's something called copper lights 0:02:13.280 --> 0:02:17.839 actually copper lights, Yeah, which are basically stones that were 0:02:17.880 --> 0:02:21.399 once poops. Yep, it's a scientific name for for fossilized 0:02:21.720 --> 0:02:25.400 m escrement. And uh, pieces are droppings, however you want 0:02:25.400 --> 0:02:26.880 to call it. And we're gon we're going big here. 0:02:26.919 --> 0:02:31.040 We're talking about humans, we're talking about animals, wily mammoths. Uh, 0:02:31.080 --> 0:02:34.519 we're not just talking about owl pellets. Yeah. So first 0:02:34.600 --> 0:02:36.800 I'm just gonna talk to just a little bit about fossilization, 0:02:37.000 --> 0:02:40.400 just a little grounding here. Uh. Fossilization takes place in 0:02:40.560 --> 0:02:44.280 various ways. There's freezing, there's compression, there's entrapment in amber, 0:02:44.520 --> 0:02:46.079 you know, with like a little bugs that are trapped 0:02:46.080 --> 0:02:49.960 in amber. And then there is um per mentalization, which 0:02:50.000 --> 0:02:52.639 is the big one. This is the one that factors 0:02:52.639 --> 0:02:55.240 into any kind of like dinosaur fossils that you see 0:02:55.280 --> 0:02:58.560 in a museum. It's easy to fall into the trap 0:02:58.600 --> 0:03:02.400 of thinking of fossils is merely a bone thing, you know, 0:03:03.919 --> 0:03:07.480 or yeah, or in some cases tissue, because certainly bones 0:03:07.560 --> 0:03:10.880 will fossilize, but so little soft tissues. So can hair, 0:03:11.000 --> 0:03:16.880 so can u feathers, and indeed, so can poop. So 0:03:16.919 --> 0:03:22.799 what happens during fossilization specifically during per mineralization UM. What 0:03:22.840 --> 0:03:25.440 we see is is a hardening of the minerals that 0:03:25.440 --> 0:03:28.800 have entered the small pores and cavities of a dead organism. 0:03:29.160 --> 0:03:31.360 UH and and to a large extent, what it takes 0:03:31.360 --> 0:03:34.960 place is kind of like a mold UH is created 0:03:35.000 --> 0:03:37.360 and then it is UH that the contents of that 0:03:37.360 --> 0:03:41.160 molds them then become stone. UM. For this to happen, though, 0:03:41.200 --> 0:03:44.040 you need rapid burial of the animal, and this is 0:03:44.160 --> 0:03:45.440 there are a number of things that have to take 0:03:45.480 --> 0:03:47.680 place for something to to fossilize. And that's why we 0:03:47.720 --> 0:03:51.200 have holes in the fossil record and and why we 0:03:51.240 --> 0:03:54.160 don't depend solely on fossils for understanding what happened in 0:03:54.160 --> 0:03:57.840 the past, because not everything fossilized and the more organized. 0:03:57.920 --> 0:04:01.119 You know, some organisms we have loads of fossils off 0:04:01.160 --> 0:04:03.320 because they say lived in the mud and so when 0:04:03.320 --> 0:04:07.120 they died, they were quickly covered right in the anaerobic 0:04:07.360 --> 0:04:12.160 bacteria really helped right in that process. Other situations, you know, 0:04:12.200 --> 0:04:14.680 if an animal dies and something eats it, no fossil. 0:04:14.800 --> 0:04:17.239 If something if an animal dies and it's just left 0:04:17.279 --> 0:04:21.400 to just slowly just being worn away by erosion, it's 0:04:21.440 --> 0:04:25.839 you know, it's not gonna happen. Likewise, top notch predators 0:04:25.839 --> 0:04:28.039 are harder to find fossils off in many cases because 0:04:28.080 --> 0:04:30.520 there are fewer of them there. As we've discussed before, 0:04:30.520 --> 0:04:32.200 they are the creature standing at the top of a 0:04:32.200 --> 0:04:35.919 pyramid of bones, and so the the ecosystem can only 0:04:36.400 --> 0:04:39.280 um support a fixed number of them. You have to 0:04:39.320 --> 0:04:42.719 take all of these factors into place when contemplating um 0:04:42.800 --> 0:04:47.960 our fossil legacy. So trace fossils like fecal matter, for instance, UM, 0:04:48.000 --> 0:04:52.400 it's really important to make sure that when it happens, 0:04:52.600 --> 0:04:54.880 that the dew happens, so to speak, that it's in 0:04:54.920 --> 0:04:58.120 the right environment for preservation. UM. So it makes the 0:04:58.200 --> 0:05:02.560 drop site really crucial the creation of young fossils. So UM, 0:05:02.640 --> 0:05:05.680 for instance, you've got young fossils which are usually just 0:05:05.800 --> 0:05:10.120 really dry bits of organic matter and aerobic bacteria. Of course, 0:05:10.160 --> 0:05:15.719 the bacteria that requires oxygen quickly breaks down wet organic matter. UM. 0:05:15.839 --> 0:05:19.760 So you would want to find, for instance, your fecal 0:05:19.800 --> 0:05:23.400 matter in a cave that's really dry. This is very helpful, right, 0:05:23.440 --> 0:05:26.800 And that's just what happened in the most recent example 0:05:26.920 --> 0:05:30.360 of of corporate lates in the the news UM the 0:05:30.480 --> 0:05:34.200 journal Science reported a discovery in an Oregon cave of 0:05:34.279 --> 0:05:37.520 human DNA more than fourteen thousand years old, and the 0:05:37.640 --> 0:05:42.320 DNA was distracted from distracting. The DNA was extracted from 0:05:42.400 --> 0:05:47.520 copper lights. This was Paisley Caves, Paisley Caves in Oregon, 0:05:47.720 --> 0:05:50.400 and this represents the oldest human remains found in the 0:05:50.440 --> 0:05:55.800 Western hemisphere. Like, this is pretty big deal here. Um. Yeah. 0:05:55.839 --> 0:05:58.600 An analysis of the sample suggests that the cave dwellers 0:05:58.600 --> 0:06:01.560 were omnivores who ate lots of roots and seeds and 0:06:01.680 --> 0:06:05.800 nuts and um. By the way, carnivors stand a better 0:06:05.880 --> 0:06:10.960 chance of having their fecal matter fossilized into stone because 0:06:11.040 --> 0:06:15.000 they consume bones in their diet, which are already mineralized. 0:06:15.080 --> 0:06:17.880 So that's less work for the bacteria to do. Yeah. 0:06:17.880 --> 0:06:20.720 I think they with a very high calcium phosphate content. Yeah, 0:06:20.760 --> 0:06:23.240 so it's it's great that they were able to find. Um. 0:06:23.279 --> 0:06:27.080 You know, actually these these bits of fickle matter, uh, 0:06:27.360 --> 0:06:30.920 just as a historical record, but also giving us a 0:06:30.960 --> 0:06:36.040 bit different understanding of life there, um and what we 0:06:36.080 --> 0:06:38.600 thought was going on with humans fourteen thousand years ago. 0:06:38.640 --> 0:06:40.200 We'll talk a little bit more about that. But luckily 0:06:40.240 --> 0:06:43.080 they were pooping in a cave, which really helped because 0:06:43.080 --> 0:06:45.880 the stuff dried out really quickly and was just in 0:06:45.920 --> 0:06:47.880 the cave. So, I mean, we we encountered a similar 0:06:47.920 --> 0:06:50.320 thing with giant slots. In some of the cases, these 0:06:50.360 --> 0:06:54.040 giant slots, they had these underground gins and they would 0:06:54.040 --> 0:06:58.040 just poop absolutely everywhere. So they have these massive quantities 0:06:58.080 --> 0:07:02.520 of of fossilized the giant sloth scat, which is kind 0:07:02.520 --> 0:07:06.680 of great, right, um, especially if you're a schatologist. I mean, 0:07:06.680 --> 0:07:08.719 can you imagine coming across that. Yeah, it's like a 0:07:08.760 --> 0:07:12.280 gold mine. Yeah, could it be? Um, But you know, 0:07:12.360 --> 0:07:15.640 this isn't entirely uncommon. They defined human copper lights. Um. 0:07:15.840 --> 0:07:18.280 There are over one thousand human copper lights that have 0:07:18.320 --> 0:07:22.640 been collected from Heine's Cave in southwest Texas. UM in 0:07:22.840 --> 0:07:26.560 these churchs they think were deposited by ancient people over 0:07:26.560 --> 0:07:29.520 the course of about eight thousand years. And then, uh, 0:07:29.920 --> 0:07:31.880 there are a number of just really fascinating fines with 0:07:31.960 --> 0:07:37.200 animals UM In various various fossilized animal scats that have 0:07:37.480 --> 0:07:39.400 turned up over the years. We've looked at some from 0:07:39.400 --> 0:07:44.560 Tarantosaurus Rex sixty five million years old, UM, and these 0:07:44.600 --> 0:07:47.600 were kind of big too. Slicking at the stats on 0:07:47.600 --> 0:07:50.560 one of these seventy point six by six point four 0:07:50.800 --> 0:07:54.400 by five point two inches, and it weighed over fifteen 0:07:54.440 --> 0:07:59.840 point five pounds, So that's pretty uh, it's pretty lofty 0:07:59.280 --> 0:08:02.520 scat U And and again you can you get into 0:08:02.520 --> 0:08:04.240 looking at these and you can, and in fact, with 0:08:04.280 --> 0:08:06.360 the t rex is fosilized doing they were able to 0:08:06.360 --> 0:08:09.760 look in and they noted worm tracks. Uh, they indicated 0:08:09.800 --> 0:08:13.360 that the beasts were affected by worms and other intestinal parasites. 0:08:14.040 --> 0:08:16.480 UM also discovered bones, so you get a better idea 0:08:16.480 --> 0:08:18.720 of what they were they were eating. Again, it's just 0:08:18.960 --> 0:08:22.560 this is the end product of the creature's digestive processes. 0:08:22.640 --> 0:08:26.800 So it really lets you know how the animals working. Yeah, 0:08:26.840 --> 0:08:29.600 and they even uh coppylights can give you an idea 0:08:29.760 --> 0:08:32.040 of what sort of creatures were around at that time. 0:08:32.080 --> 0:08:35.880 I'm thinking about this, uh, this one poop that scientists found. 0:08:35.960 --> 0:08:40.240 It was near Chesapeake Bay, and they took um. They 0:08:40.240 --> 0:08:43.000 took the sample and they made a silicon rubber mold 0:08:43.000 --> 0:08:45.320 of it, and they found the tooth marks indicate that 0:08:45.320 --> 0:08:49.280 the biter was most likely a relative to you know, 0:08:49.400 --> 0:08:52.320 what we think of as a tire shark today and 0:08:52.360 --> 0:08:54.679 then they they looked at it and they said, oh, 0:08:54.720 --> 0:08:57.880 it's really phosphate rich. Uh. It seems like the fecal 0:08:57.880 --> 0:09:00.960 matter came from a creature that fed on bony prey. 0:09:01.040 --> 0:09:02.760 And then they looked at the size of it and 0:09:02.800 --> 0:09:04.920 they said, Okay, we think that this was possibly some 0:09:05.000 --> 0:09:09.839 sort of crocodilian creature dwelling there. And um, the fact 0:09:09.840 --> 0:09:12.440 that it has these bite marks indicate to us, and 0:09:12.480 --> 0:09:15.280 the way that they that the bite marks are positioned 0:09:15.360 --> 0:09:22.000 indicate that possibly this prehistoric tiger shark actually bit into 0:09:22.440 --> 0:09:26.840 the digestive uh system or that part of the crocodile 0:09:27.000 --> 0:09:31.600 digestive system and pierced the fecal matter that way. Wow. 0:09:31.720 --> 0:09:34.079 So I mean, just from the fecal matter here, we're 0:09:34.120 --> 0:09:38.920 able to piece together this awesome battle between prehistoric tiger 0:09:38.960 --> 0:09:42.160 shark and prehistoric crocodile monster. Right, because it's not uncommon 0:09:42.200 --> 0:09:46.120 actually to find that that animals will will consume other 0:09:46.280 --> 0:09:49.520 animals fecal matter. And I believe that they've seen bite 0:09:49.520 --> 0:09:51.760 marks and other samples before. But the way that this 0:09:51.840 --> 0:09:54.000 is positioned, it was it was not just that this 0:09:54.000 --> 0:09:56.120 tiger shark took a little morsel and went, oh, I 0:09:56.120 --> 0:09:58.080 wonder if I should eat this. It was that it 0:09:58.120 --> 0:10:01.000 was actually inside the belly of the crocodile the time, 0:10:01.040 --> 0:10:05.600 and our listeners have dogs, they know it goes now 0:10:05.800 --> 0:10:09.240 the interest I am reminded the komodo dragon does not 0:10:09.280 --> 0:10:11.559 fall into that category because I remember the they'll eat 0:10:11.600 --> 0:10:16.560 just about anything, uh Phil Bronson's toe as well, Sharon Stone. 0:10:17.280 --> 0:10:19.240 I don't know if they're still married, but that they 0:10:19.280 --> 0:10:21.960 went to go look at that behind behind the scenes 0:10:22.040 --> 0:10:26.840 thing at the zoo. And yeah, but but I remember 0:10:26.920 --> 0:10:30.680 when I was writing about them, that they the the 0:10:30.720 --> 0:10:34.960 young komodo dragons, uh, will totally adults, will totally eat them, 0:10:35.000 --> 0:10:37.199 but they will coat themselves in fecal matter, and then 0:10:37.240 --> 0:10:44.199 that they'll they'll make themselves a less desirable as a um. 0:10:44.240 --> 0:10:46.080 All right, so we have to talk about mammoth poos, 0:10:46.160 --> 0:10:48.520 of course, but before we do, should we take a break. 0:10:48.520 --> 0:10:51.080 We shouldn't take a break, and then we will come 0:10:51.120 --> 0:10:59.400 back and discuss the leavings of the willing Mamma. All right, 0:10:59.440 --> 0:11:01.520 we're back, um. You know we u when we were 0:11:01.520 --> 0:11:04.640 talking to Nilo grass Tyson, Um, you asked him about, 0:11:04.679 --> 0:11:07.520 you know, should we bring the wily mammoth back? And 0:11:08.320 --> 0:11:12.080 it's it's interesting. Uh, there's a lot of cool research 0:11:12.200 --> 0:11:15.040 in the possibility of cloning a wooly mammoth of you know, 0:11:15.240 --> 0:11:19.080 finding a surrogate elephant to give birth to it and 0:11:19.120 --> 0:11:24.760 all this. But uh, let's talk about resurrecting their poos. Yeah. Um, 0:11:24.800 --> 0:11:28.280 it turns out that that these guys on occasion would 0:11:28.640 --> 0:11:31.760 consume other creatures poos and in fact, a wily mammoth 0:11:31.760 --> 0:11:36.520 discovered in northern Yakoosha, Russia eight feces shortly before it died. 0:11:36.840 --> 0:11:41.240 We ah that researchers discovered and uh, it was really 0:11:41.240 --> 0:11:44.120 well preserved actually for the for them to look at this, 0:11:44.400 --> 0:11:48.360 and they found traces of willows, daisies, sorrel such as rushes, 0:11:48.440 --> 0:11:52.640 sweet grass, sinka, fools, and other plants indicative of an 0:11:52.679 --> 0:11:56.199 open grassy landscape. That is just a lovely sounding bit 0:11:56.240 --> 0:11:59.600 of fecal matter. I mean, it's just it's very floral sounding, right. 0:12:00.280 --> 0:12:03.559 But they also found this fungus Sporo miella, which is 0:12:03.840 --> 0:12:06.920 known to know to grow on depositive feces, So that's 0:12:06.960 --> 0:12:08.920 how they know there is a bit of feces in there. 0:12:09.080 --> 0:12:11.160 What I think is astounding about this is that you 0:12:11.200 --> 0:12:13.320 also get a hint of that diet. As you say, 0:12:13.320 --> 0:12:15.800 it sounded somewhat lovely. I mean, you've got sorel and 0:12:15.880 --> 0:12:20.360 daisies and willows. Um, but yes, you've got the fecal 0:12:20.400 --> 0:12:23.040 matter as well. And it's believed that they actually did 0:12:23.080 --> 0:12:26.079 this for a reason. Um, sometimes they wanted to populate 0:12:26.120 --> 0:12:29.679 their guts with appropriate digestive bacteria. It's sort of made 0:12:29.720 --> 0:12:33.960 me think back to when we talked about fecal transplants. 0:12:34.440 --> 0:12:38.280 People who are suffering from C. Diff. Um. You know, 0:12:38.360 --> 0:12:42.400 there healthy digestive factories wiped out, and so they replace 0:12:42.520 --> 0:12:45.440 it with a fecal transplant from someone else, presumably a 0:12:45.480 --> 0:12:49.200 family member, someone they knew. Um, but this could be 0:12:49.280 --> 0:12:51.880 a similar thing that these wooly mammoth were doing. Now, 0:12:51.920 --> 0:12:54.080 one of the articles who were looking at laid out this, uh, 0:12:54.200 --> 0:12:57.760 this interesting theory of kind of not quite an apocalypse 0:12:57.800 --> 0:13:02.800 caused by wooly man eth dung, but but kind of 0:13:02.800 --> 0:13:06.840 a complication of global warming meets lily mammoth dung. Oh 0:13:06.960 --> 0:13:11.319 yeah yeah, so okay. Normally, um, it doesn't take long 0:13:11.760 --> 0:13:15.000 for dung to fossilize, right, We're talking like what within 0:13:15.000 --> 0:13:17.079 a couple hundred years, A couple hundred years, which sounds 0:13:17.120 --> 0:13:18.880 like a long time, but the geological scale is and 0:13:18.920 --> 0:13:21.240 a big deal, right. But it's a totally different story 0:13:21.280 --> 0:13:24.480 for the frozen tundra where you have generations of lily 0:13:24.520 --> 0:13:27.959 mammoths that roamed those that area for thousands and or 0:13:28.000 --> 0:13:31.440 hundreds and thousands of years and they deposited. Of course 0:13:31.440 --> 0:13:34.040 they're mammoth do And so the idea here is that 0:13:34.080 --> 0:13:38.760 with global warming that dormant microbes in the dung heaps 0:13:39.000 --> 0:13:42.360 could begin to wake up because they just pooped everywhere 0:13:42.800 --> 0:13:46.240 and then it froze. Yes, it's a carpet of poop basically. 0:13:46.960 --> 0:13:49.480 So so this is when stuff starts thawing out, so 0:13:50.000 --> 0:13:53.360 too will fall out the mammoth dung, and then it's 0:13:53.360 --> 0:13:57.080 gonna release methane. It's gonna particularly have have microbes in it. 0:13:57.120 --> 0:14:00.080 I mean, it's it's it's sort of we're opening a 0:14:00.120 --> 0:14:04.480 Pandora's box made out of yeah. And that again, this 0:14:04.520 --> 0:14:07.559 is what is really fascinating about this sort of scatological 0:14:07.720 --> 0:14:11.040 look into nature and what's happening here. I know some 0:14:11.080 --> 0:14:13.679 of you are thinking, hey, uh, poop is great and all, 0:14:13.720 --> 0:14:17.000 but what about vomit? Can we talk about vomit? Yes? Yes, 0:14:17.040 --> 0:14:19.640 we can talk about vomit. There is such thing as 0:14:19.680 --> 0:14:24.000 a fossilized vomit, and it is called a regurgit alike, 0:14:25.080 --> 0:14:30.400 which sounds beautiful, right it does mineralized vomitous yep. Peter 0:14:30.440 --> 0:14:34.080 Doyle of the University of Greenwich described a conglomeration of 0:14:34.200 --> 0:14:37.280 bellamonite skeleton is believed to have been coughed up by 0:14:37.320 --> 0:14:43.520 a marine reptile called it wass. The saurus is the 0:14:43.640 --> 0:14:45.960 scary looking I like to think of as a fright dolphin. 0:14:46.440 --> 0:14:50.520 It's that prehistoric dolphin. It looks really kind of crazy 0:14:50.560 --> 0:14:53.840 and scary and nightmarish. That's the I. Thesaurus and the 0:14:53.960 --> 0:14:58.320 bellamites are, or were, an ancient type of squid that 0:14:58.400 --> 0:15:02.160 actually had an internal skeleton, which was really interesting. Um 0:15:02.240 --> 0:15:05.280 so that's what this thing was eating and occasionally vomiting 0:15:05.360 --> 0:15:08.680 up way back when we talked about animals that would 0:15:09.600 --> 0:15:12.560 turn their like some sharks will turn their stomach out 0:15:13.080 --> 0:15:17.240 like a like an inside out socked so um or 0:15:17.240 --> 0:15:19.920 even see cucumbers too, right, Yeah, yeah, So I'm wondering 0:15:19.920 --> 0:15:21.600 if it was a similar thing where it was you know, 0:15:21.640 --> 0:15:24.160 it eats something it can't agree with, so it's just yeah, 0:15:24.280 --> 0:15:27.240 just ejecting it possibly, but yeah, it reached that up 0:15:27.240 --> 0:15:29.600 about a hundred and sixty million years ago. And it 0:15:29.600 --> 0:15:32.040 turns out that this kind of stuff, these copper lights, 0:15:32.120 --> 0:15:36.520 this uh regurgital light is hot stuff in the eBay market. 0:15:37.040 --> 0:15:40.120 Oh yeah, you were searching for this yesterday. Yeah, yeah, 0:15:40.160 --> 0:15:42.000 I mean this and think about it too. It would 0:15:42.000 --> 0:15:45.760 make sense because some of these will will coalesce into 0:15:45.840 --> 0:15:49.960 these beautiful patterns. Um. Just sort of like you know, 0:15:50.000 --> 0:15:53.920 petrified wood or anything that's been fossilized or been sort 0:15:53.920 --> 0:15:56.920 of baked by nature for a long time. Um. And 0:15:57.400 --> 0:16:03.120 one piece of jewelry relieves uh, struck my fancy the 0:16:03.120 --> 0:16:06.240 wrist watch. Yeah, it's dinosaur dung watch from a maker 0:16:06.280 --> 0:16:10.760 called Artia. Okay, it's a Swiss made time piece. It's flawless, 0:16:10.760 --> 0:16:13.200 it's beautiful. I'm not kidding. It features a polished copper 0:16:13.320 --> 0:16:17.960 light face sourced from a herbivorous dinosaurs dung which was 0:16:18.000 --> 0:16:21.240 dropped a hundred million years ago, and it has a 0:16:21.280 --> 0:16:24.280 bronze casing that's that's chosen to match quote the warm 0:16:24.360 --> 0:16:28.920 and matchless tints of dinosaur dume. It's it's really hard 0:16:28.960 --> 0:16:31.480 to imagine, but if you go to the blog post 0:16:31.560 --> 0:16:34.800 that accompanies this, uh, this podcast, I'll include some links 0:16:34.840 --> 0:16:36.680 and maybe I can find something doing bad as well. 0:16:37.040 --> 0:16:39.040 Get a quick glance at it. But these thinks, some 0:16:39.080 --> 0:16:40.680 of these things are really beautiful. I mean they just 0:16:40.680 --> 0:16:42.960 look like beautiful stones with a lot of like cool 0:16:43.440 --> 0:16:46.760 um earthy tones and even some like non earthy kind 0:16:46.760 --> 0:16:51.320 of bright vibrant colors sort of marble through it. Well, 0:16:51.360 --> 0:16:53.680 I love this. There was a PBC article about this, 0:16:54.000 --> 0:16:56.160 um I believe it's called Telling the Time with a 0:16:56.160 --> 0:16:59.840 wristful of dinosaur poo. And the maker of it is 0:17:00.000 --> 0:17:02.200 so excited by this, and he says like you're literally 0:17:02.240 --> 0:17:07.520 time traveling with this. Yeah, I know, um with this 0:17:08.720 --> 0:17:12.119 with this watch, and you know he's trying to sell it, 0:17:12.119 --> 0:17:13.560 and you know why he's trying to sell it because 0:17:14.040 --> 0:17:16.760 it's twelve dollars. You've got to come up with a 0:17:16.800 --> 0:17:18.720 good story. But if you if you want to be 0:17:18.800 --> 0:17:21.920 the I mean, rist watches are are are cool again, right, 0:17:22.280 --> 0:17:24.159 No one actually needs them because you getting fun, but 0:17:24.200 --> 0:17:27.840 people like wearing them and and if you really want 0:17:27.840 --> 0:17:31.200 to set yourself apart, if you really want to be cool, uh, 0:17:31.240 --> 0:17:34.320 this is the watch again. It is And I failed 0:17:34.320 --> 0:17:37.040 to mention that the strap is made from American cane 0:17:37.080 --> 0:17:42.720 toad skin. Well good, because you want something, um, something similar. 0:17:43.400 --> 0:17:45.320 They had to they could have to complete the DNA 0:17:45.400 --> 0:17:47.680 sequence of the used frogs. They had to complete the 0:17:47.680 --> 0:17:50.159 wrist watch. So turn to your amphibians. Yeah, it's kind 0:17:50.160 --> 0:17:52.440 of beautiful, right, it is. It is. It's a beautiful watch. 0:17:53.640 --> 0:17:57.800 So there you go. Copper lights, dung watches, yea, regurgital lights, 0:17:57.920 --> 0:18:01.159 all that good stuff. It's a it's this is a 0:18:01.200 --> 0:18:04.440 fun one. Yeah, and uh and certainly um. I'm wondering 0:18:04.480 --> 0:18:06.680 if anybody out there has any of this jewelry, because 0:18:06.800 --> 0:18:09.320 you can also get like ear rings from copper lights, 0:18:09.359 --> 0:18:12.400 and it's pretty fancy stuff. I mean if I saw 0:18:12.400 --> 0:18:14.639 it on on Etsy or wherever, I wouldn't think for 0:18:14.640 --> 0:18:16.280 a second, Oh, that kind of looks like you're hanging 0:18:16.359 --> 0:18:20.800 dinosaur turrets from your ears. No, it looks fabulous. And 0:18:21.560 --> 0:18:26.760 my question is can you can polish a donis nicely done? 0:18:27.080 --> 0:18:29.600 My question is if any of these have shown up 0:18:29.600 --> 0:18:32.919 on regretsy yet, because I would love to see that 0:18:33.800 --> 0:18:38.280 at least the description of it. Cool. Well, let's um, 0:18:38.359 --> 0:18:41.360 let's call over speaking of technology made out of done, 0:18:41.440 --> 0:18:46.680 Let's call over our robot Arnold. He doesn't any feelings. 0:18:46.680 --> 0:18:49.679 He he doesn't care what I call him, but he 0:18:49.720 --> 0:18:51.800 does have some mail. Here, let's see. Here's one from 0:18:51.920 --> 0:18:55.639 Eric Eric Writeson and says he's talking about horror. We 0:18:55.640 --> 0:18:59.240 received a lot of comments on our Science of Horror 0:18:59.400 --> 0:19:02.879 episodes it I've never liked films like The Shining, however 0:19:02.920 --> 0:19:05.159 my sister still loves them. When I was about eleven 0:19:05.240 --> 0:19:07.920 and we had showtime and they were showing The Shining 0:19:07.920 --> 0:19:11.440 on TV, our parents were going out and UH explicitly 0:19:11.440 --> 0:19:13.480 told us not to watch the movie. So of course 0:19:13.600 --> 0:19:15.960 my sister nine at the time, had to see it. However, 0:19:16.000 --> 0:19:18.000 it was too scary for her, so she got up, 0:19:18.240 --> 0:19:20.120 so she got me up to protect her. To this day, 0:19:20.119 --> 0:19:22.199 that movie treats me out. A few years ago, I 0:19:22.200 --> 0:19:24.879 was walking between two high hedges at night in the winter. 0:19:24.920 --> 0:19:26.720 It was very cold and the hedges were covered in 0:19:26.760 --> 0:19:29.560 sparkling snow. It brought back memories of the movie so 0:19:30.040 --> 0:19:32.199 so powerful it took a great force of will to 0:19:32.240 --> 0:19:35.240 present myself prevent myself from running. So I do enjoy 0:19:35.600 --> 0:19:39.040 I do enjoy psychological throwers like hard Candy though. Thanks 0:19:39.040 --> 0:19:42.680 again for the podcast. Eric Hard Candy was very intense movie. 0:19:43.000 --> 0:19:47.080 It was intense, Yeah, very very well done, but yeah, 0:19:47.200 --> 0:19:50.600 intense of viewing experience and the shining I agree. I mean, 0:19:50.600 --> 0:19:54.119 it's you can you can make criticism, certainly on the 0:19:54.119 --> 0:19:58.439 fact that Jack Nicholson barely plays a human being in 0:19:58.480 --> 0:20:01.520 the film, and and and and a lot of the 0:20:01.600 --> 0:20:05.280 humanity of that character is lost in the transition from 0:20:05.280 --> 0:20:08.119 the film. And that's something King always Stephen King, the 0:20:08.119 --> 0:20:11.960 original author, always grabbed about with that film. But I 0:20:11.960 --> 0:20:13.800 can see that because that's very central to his writing 0:20:13.800 --> 0:20:16.000 in his character. Yeah, but every but the look of 0:20:16.080 --> 0:20:18.879 the film, in Kubrick's treatment of the Haunted House in 0:20:18.920 --> 0:20:20.760 that film, just I mean, it still stands up to 0:20:20.760 --> 0:20:22.440 be play today. It's like two thousand and one. It's 0:20:22.440 --> 0:20:25.919 the two thousand and one of haunted houses. So um, certainly, 0:20:25.920 --> 0:20:28.639 if you've never seen it, um, I recommend it, but 0:20:28.720 --> 0:20:30.920 be prepared for some shocks. Like even if you think 0:20:30.960 --> 0:20:34.280 you're prepared, like you, it's it's in the same category 0:20:34.280 --> 0:20:36.400 with two thousand one and that you've seen. If you've 0:20:36.400 --> 0:20:38.480 seen sci fi movies today and you think you've seen 0:20:38.520 --> 0:20:39.800 it all, and then you go back and watch two 0:20:39.800 --> 0:20:41.600 thousand one. It will show you something that you haven't 0:20:41.600 --> 0:20:43.960 seen before. Likewise, if you've seen a lot of modern 0:20:44.000 --> 0:20:46.639 horror films, I don't care how disturbing or or or 0:20:46.680 --> 0:20:49.000 whatever they happen to be, go back and watch the 0:20:49.080 --> 0:20:51.600 Shining and it will give you something to creep you 0:20:51.640 --> 0:20:55.560 out well, because Kubrick is a master of creating that 0:20:55.760 --> 0:20:59.880 environment that is so isolating. Yeah, and I mean, look 0:21:00.040 --> 0:21:03.719 at those films back back. Um, there's so many, at 0:21:03.760 --> 0:21:07.040 least in terms of how he sets the mood using 0:21:07.160 --> 0:21:12.320 sound and the void, that it really does strike you 0:21:12.359 --> 0:21:14.240 at some sort of primal level. Oh and then we 0:21:14.320 --> 0:21:17.600 also heard just another quick one related to horror and things. 0:21:17.640 --> 0:21:21.160 It's frightenness. Carrie with a K wrote in and said, hey, guys, 0:21:21.600 --> 0:21:24.040 maybe you're too young to remember, but King, in my opinion, 0:21:24.080 --> 0:21:26.679 didn't start the clown phobia. The original Poulter guys had 0:21:26.680 --> 0:21:29.320 a scary clown. That's what started it out for me, 0:21:29.440 --> 0:21:32.320 my brother, and my husband. King's clown was scarier, but 0:21:32.359 --> 0:21:35.480 our fears beginnings were from Poulter. Guys. Do you remember this? 0:21:35.680 --> 0:21:38.040 I kind of I don't know if I'm getting my 0:21:38.200 --> 0:21:40.800 clown imagery mixed up, but I sort of remember the 0:21:40.880 --> 0:21:44.040 scene where the kids in bed and the tree branches 0:21:44.200 --> 0:21:46.800 keep tapping against the window, and that there's there's a 0:21:46.800 --> 0:21:51.160 creepy clown clown that's sitting on a chair. Yeah right, yeah, 0:21:51.200 --> 0:21:53.200 and it's um. This was a film that I saw 0:21:53.359 --> 0:21:55.879 way too young, Like for some reason, we had a 0:21:55.960 --> 0:21:58.439 VHS copy of it, Like I think my aunt had 0:21:58.480 --> 0:22:00.919 taped it off HBO boy back in the day, you know, 0:22:00.960 --> 0:22:04.960 back when they had that really awesome electronic intro and 0:22:05.040 --> 0:22:08.800 the crazy like flying into the HBO logo and it 0:22:08.880 --> 0:22:11.640 might have been partially scrambled or or black and white, 0:22:11.680 --> 0:22:14.800 black and white, I don't remember which, but that really 0:22:15.119 --> 0:22:16.920 screwed me up for a while. I didn't actually watch 0:22:16.960 --> 0:22:19.320