1
00:00:02,960 --> 00:00:05,559
Speaker 1: My name is Evil Longoria and I am My de

2
00:00:05,680 --> 00:00:10,800
Speaker 1: Gomezraon and welcome to Hungry for History, a podcast that

3
00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:12,800
Speaker 1: explores our past and present through food.

4
00:00:13,039 --> 00:00:15,200
Speaker 2: On every episode, we'll talk about the history of some

5
00:00:15,280 --> 00:00:18,840
Speaker 2: of our favorite dishes, ingredients, and beverages from our culture.

6
00:00:18,920 --> 00:00:27,440
Speaker 1: So make yourself at home. Even well, it's Christmas time,

7
00:00:27,880 --> 00:00:29,520
Speaker 1: and I love this time of year. It's all about

8
00:00:29,560 --> 00:00:33,680
Speaker 1: cooking and spending time with family. It's also a time

9
00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:37,599
Speaker 1: where a lot of people can reflect on the past year,

10
00:00:37,640 --> 00:00:40,680
Speaker 1: and I think, you know, we need that right now

11
00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:41,879
Speaker 1: more than ever, a reflection.

12
00:00:42,720 --> 00:00:45,240
Speaker 2: A lot has happened this past year, you know, especially

13
00:00:45,400 --> 00:00:48,720
Speaker 2: to our community. Oh I don't know why. I've just

14
00:00:48,760 --> 00:00:51,559
Speaker 2: got a little bit of a clemped. So yeah, for

15
00:00:51,560 --> 00:00:54,240
Speaker 2: a lot of us, it will hit harder during this time,

16
00:00:54,320 --> 00:00:56,720
Speaker 2: right because it's just it's a time of festivities and

17
00:00:56,760 --> 00:00:59,880
Speaker 2: it's just it's been it's been rough for our community.

18
00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:03,600
Speaker 1: And I think one activity that's particularly important to chi

19
00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:07,000
Speaker 1: Gunnals is the pulsara. So we wanted to dig into

20
00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:12,880
Speaker 1: the history of the tradition a bit more for Y'alladas.

21
00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:14,160
Speaker 2: Like everything that we're talking about, it's this blending of

22
00:01:14,240 --> 00:01:15,400
Speaker 2: culture is coming together.

23
00:01:15,480 --> 00:01:17,400
Speaker 1: Oh my god, I really I got a little.

24
00:01:18,560 --> 00:01:22,600
Speaker 2: Oh it's okay, but yeah, it's a lot blending of sorts.

25
00:01:22,720 --> 00:01:23,320
Speaker 1: It's a lot.

26
00:01:24,040 --> 00:01:30,240
Speaker 2: So it's this Christmas tradition that blends Catholic ritual, indigenous celebration,

27
00:01:30,440 --> 00:01:34,840
Speaker 2: and community festivity. And this is a history that goes

28
00:01:34,920 --> 00:01:40,280
Speaker 2: back to the early colonial period. So before the arrival

29
00:01:40,319 --> 00:01:43,679
Speaker 2: of the Spanish, the Aztecs celebrated a festival in honor

30
00:01:43,840 --> 00:01:46,559
Speaker 2: of Zilopochli, who was the sun god and the god

31
00:01:46,560 --> 00:01:50,280
Speaker 2: of war, and during the winter solstice, which was mid December,

32
00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:54,120
Speaker 2: and so it lasted several days and included music and

33
00:01:54,160 --> 00:01:57,720
Speaker 2: processions and offerings, and all of these elements were later

34
00:01:57,800 --> 00:02:02,920
Speaker 2: woven into the posadas. And then in during the sixteenth century,

35
00:02:03,120 --> 00:02:08,440
Speaker 2: Spanish missionaries they wanted to replace these indigenous celebrations with

36
00:02:09,120 --> 00:02:14,680
Speaker 2: Christian ones. And in fifteen eighty six there was a friar,

37
00:02:14,960 --> 00:02:18,240
Speaker 2: fry Diego de Suria, who was a friar in near

38
00:02:18,320 --> 00:02:21,880
Speaker 2: Mexico City. He received permission to hold nine days of

39
00:02:21,960 --> 00:02:27,560
Speaker 2: mass from December sixteenth to December twenty fourth winter solstice,

40
00:02:27,880 --> 00:02:31,079
Speaker 2: and these nine days symbolized the nine months of Mary's

41
00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:35,840
Speaker 2: pregnancy that culminated on Christmas Eve with Jesus' birth, and

42
00:02:35,919 --> 00:02:40,400
Speaker 2: so to track these indigenous converts, missionaries added music and

43
00:02:40,480 --> 00:02:43,919
Speaker 2: fireworks and food and just making it really really fun,

44
00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:48,400
Speaker 2: making it likenk a celebration instead of just a solemn mass.

45
00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:52,680
Speaker 1: The religious ceremony moved from the churches to the neighborhoods

46
00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:55,560
Speaker 1: and to the homes, and it became like this community

47
00:02:55,600 --> 00:02:58,600
Speaker 1: event that reenacts Mary and Joseph's you know, search for

48
00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:03,280
Speaker 1: lodging in Bethlehem. So it always includes a procession, you know,

49
00:03:03,320 --> 00:03:07,000
Speaker 1: where participants carry candles and images of Mary and Joseph.

50
00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:11,560
Speaker 1: They sing the traditional posada versus. There's call and response,

51
00:03:11,680 --> 00:03:15,120
Speaker 1: so those outside ask for shelter, those inside respond until

52
00:03:15,120 --> 00:03:18,359
Speaker 1: they're finally welcomed in. There's a pignata, of course, there's

53
00:03:18,360 --> 00:03:22,240
Speaker 1: a pignanda, of course, our shape. Of course, there are

54
00:03:22,400 --> 00:03:25,519
Speaker 1: star shaped with seven points representing the seven deadly sins

55
00:03:25,880 --> 00:03:29,399
Speaker 1: and breaking it symbolizes triumph over sins. And it has

56
00:03:29,440 --> 00:03:33,880
Speaker 1: candy or fruit like as the reward for faith and virtue,

57
00:03:33,919 --> 00:03:37,040
Speaker 1: and of course the food and the music. There's themales,

58
00:03:37,120 --> 00:03:42,320
Speaker 1: there's bunche bonelos, there's Christmas girls. It's it's just it's

59
00:03:42,320 --> 00:03:46,360
Speaker 1: celebrated across Mexico and Mexican communities, and it's just a

60
00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:50,880
Speaker 1: beautiful expression of Mexican culture and fusion. It's like the

61
00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:54,200
Speaker 1: Catholic liturgy meets indigenous community spirit.

62
00:03:54,360 --> 00:03:56,720
Speaker 2: It's all about this fusion. Right, did you grow up

63
00:03:56,760 --> 00:03:58,800
Speaker 2: with the posada? Are going to posadas?

64
00:03:59,160 --> 00:04:01,600
Speaker 1: We were always in charge of making themalis for THEA

65
00:04:01,840 --> 00:04:04,080
Speaker 1: was like my aunt was a caterer, so she would

66
00:04:04,120 --> 00:04:06,360
Speaker 1: make like thousands of themalis and we would have to

67
00:04:06,400 --> 00:04:08,560
Speaker 1: like do the assembly line. You know.

68
00:04:09,520 --> 00:04:11,840
Speaker 2: I love how we always talk about your aunt, Like

69
00:04:11,840 --> 00:04:15,640
Speaker 2: in every every season you've mentioned your aunt.

70
00:04:16,279 --> 00:04:20,599
Speaker 1: She is amazing. This is the reason we do this

71
00:04:20,720 --> 00:04:24,839
Speaker 1: podcast is because she taught me everything I know about food.

72
00:04:25,680 --> 00:04:28,240
Speaker 2: We've got more after the break, so don't go anywhere.

73
00:04:33,120 --> 00:04:36,800
Speaker 1: Today we're talking about bread, bakeries and bonadi.

74
00:04:36,880 --> 00:04:39,320
Speaker 2: Yes, but before we get into the history, let's talk

75
00:04:39,360 --> 00:04:44,640
Speaker 2: about some of the best bread related idioms. There's so many, Yes,

76
00:04:44,720 --> 00:04:45,280
Speaker 2: there's so many.

77
00:04:45,480 --> 00:04:47,840
Speaker 1: One of my favorite is bread and butter. Like I

78
00:04:47,880 --> 00:04:50,039
Speaker 1: don't know that's that's your bread and butter. Be careful,

79
00:04:50,480 --> 00:04:53,120
Speaker 1: like what because that means main source of income?

80
00:04:53,440 --> 00:04:56,440
Speaker 2: Yeah, I are like breadwinner, the primary money maker in

81
00:04:56,480 --> 00:04:58,440
Speaker 2: the family is the bread winner.

82
00:04:58,839 --> 00:05:01,239
Speaker 1: Rolling in the dough to be very wealthy?

83
00:05:01,560 --> 00:05:04,760
Speaker 2: Are the greatest thing since sliced bread?

84
00:05:04,880 --> 00:05:08,320
Speaker 1: I say that one all the time. Do you really?

85
00:05:08,400 --> 00:05:11,920
Speaker 1: My most used idio in general was like, I really,

86
00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:14,760
Speaker 1: you guys, this meal is the greatest thing since sliced bread.

87
00:05:14,920 --> 00:05:17,000
Speaker 1: The other day is a young person was like what

88
00:05:17,640 --> 00:05:20,679
Speaker 1: and then they go, oh, yeah, wasn't bread always sliced?

89
00:05:20,720 --> 00:05:24,080
Speaker 1: I'm like, no, no, and then they started slicing it.

90
00:05:24,480 --> 00:05:27,040
Speaker 1: So this is the greatest thing since that moment.

91
00:05:28,040 --> 00:05:34,520
Speaker 2: It's revolutionary, revolutionary. Yeah, half a you know, a planet

92
00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:37,760
Speaker 2: is kind of half assed, isn't well really well thought out.

93
00:05:38,120 --> 00:05:41,120
Speaker 1: But the one I love probably the most about bread

94
00:05:41,240 --> 00:05:43,520
Speaker 1: is breaking bread to share a meal? So where does

95
00:05:43,560 --> 00:05:45,560
Speaker 1: that expression come from? Because I love that one. It

96
00:05:45,600 --> 00:05:47,400
Speaker 1: has deep historical must have.

97
00:05:47,400 --> 00:05:50,880
Speaker 2: Religious roots, right it does. It does have religious roots,

98
00:05:50,920 --> 00:05:52,839
Speaker 2: and it's such a great one. And I figure, oh,

99
00:05:53,040 --> 00:05:56,640
Speaker 2: let's you know, we figure it's Christmas Day. Let's you know,

100
00:05:56,839 --> 00:06:02,080
Speaker 2: it's all about breaking bread bringing people together. But yeah,

101
00:06:02,120 --> 00:06:04,919
Speaker 2: like you said, it is. It has these deep historical

102
00:06:05,040 --> 00:06:10,320
Speaker 2: and religious roots. It symbolizes communal sharing and fellowship. It's

103
00:06:10,360 --> 00:06:14,720
Speaker 2: often associated with Christianity, but its origins actually traced back

104
00:06:14,760 --> 00:06:19,000
Speaker 2: to early Judaism, so an ancient Jewish tradition, breaking bread

105
00:06:19,080 --> 00:06:22,279
Speaker 2: was a ritual act that began with God instructing Moses

106
00:06:22,360 --> 00:06:26,320
Speaker 2: to break twelve loaves the Sabbath, and this act was

107
00:06:26,400 --> 00:06:30,200
Speaker 2: performed by hand because Jewish law prohibited the use of

108
00:06:30,320 --> 00:06:33,680
Speaker 2: knives on the Sabbath, and so additionally, the bread of

109
00:06:33,720 --> 00:06:36,160
Speaker 2: that time was harder than the self loaves were familiar

110
00:06:36,200 --> 00:06:40,600
Speaker 2: with today, and so breaking the bread, like literally breaking

111
00:06:40,640 --> 00:06:44,119
Speaker 2: the bread with your hands, was the only practical way

112
00:06:44,480 --> 00:06:47,880
Speaker 2: to share it among a group. And even today, like

113
00:06:47,960 --> 00:06:51,760
Speaker 2: on you know, Fridays, I know because my husband is

114
00:06:51,839 --> 00:06:55,120
Speaker 2: Jewish and it's like, oh Fridays. We wanted to start

115
00:06:55,120 --> 00:06:57,320
Speaker 2: doing it every Friday, and it was a Shabbat. But

116
00:06:57,400 --> 00:06:59,480
Speaker 2: it's like, I love the idea. You just stop and

117
00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:02,480
Speaker 2: you have a loaf of bread and just break it.

118
00:07:02,560 --> 00:07:05,000
Speaker 2: And it's just such a nice symbol.

119
00:07:05,400 --> 00:07:08,240
Speaker 1: You know. Even Jesus did it. Jesus broke broke bread

120
00:07:08,240 --> 00:07:12,920
Speaker 1: with his disciples during the Last Supper, symbolizing unity and

121
00:07:13,920 --> 00:07:17,840
Speaker 1: sharing of a meal, and it means engaging in a

122
00:07:17,880 --> 00:07:21,440
Speaker 1: communal fellowship. And so I really, I really like it

123
00:07:21,440 --> 00:07:25,160
Speaker 1: because today breaking bread is usually used when you share

124
00:07:25,280 --> 00:07:29,720
Speaker 1: a meal with others, emphasizing the importance of this community connection.

125
00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:31,840
Speaker 1: I love it. I do want to give a shout

126
00:07:31,840 --> 00:07:36,360
Speaker 1: out to Tony Shloum, who has a show on CNN

127
00:07:36,480 --> 00:07:39,920
Speaker 1: right now and it's called Breaking Bread and he goes

128
00:07:39,960 --> 00:07:43,400
Speaker 1: all over the world because bread is one of humanity's

129
00:07:43,560 --> 00:07:49,080
Speaker 1: oldest prepared foods, and bakeries are the places today that

130
00:07:49,160 --> 00:07:54,920
Speaker 1: keep that tradition alive. I'm fascinated with how universal bread.

131
00:07:54,960 --> 00:07:57,080
Speaker 1: It's prepared differently all over the world, but it is

132
00:07:57,760 --> 00:07:58,680
Speaker 1: all over the world.

133
00:07:58,760 --> 00:08:04,000
Speaker 2: And bakeries are more than just a shop. They connect

134
00:08:04,080 --> 00:08:08,760
Speaker 2: us to this oldest human food again, from all over

135
00:08:08,800 --> 00:08:12,600
Speaker 2: the world. They're like living museums of flour and fire.

136
00:08:12,800 --> 00:08:17,400
Speaker 2: They're really they're so meaningful of bread, and bakeries are

137
00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:18,160
Speaker 2: so meaningful.

138
00:08:18,880 --> 00:08:22,280
Speaker 1: Yeah, and they preserve techniques like sour dough fermentation, which

139
00:08:22,320 --> 00:08:26,160
Speaker 1: I still do today as everybody else on TikTok does,

140
00:08:26,920 --> 00:08:31,360
Speaker 1: or baking in stone or wood fired ovens. All of

141
00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:36,560
Speaker 1: these techniques and traditions really go back thousands of years

142
00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:41,439
Speaker 1: and bread really bread pre date civilization itself. So how

143
00:08:41,480 --> 00:08:44,319
Speaker 1: old are the earliest bakeries, Like, how old did they

144
00:08:44,640 --> 00:08:46,400
Speaker 1: how old is it when they got organized.

145
00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:51,720
Speaker 2: Yeah, So this idea of bread production is usually on

146
00:08:51,760 --> 00:08:54,960
Speaker 2: a larger scale than that of other foods, right, Like

147
00:08:55,040 --> 00:08:57,640
Speaker 2: it makes sense, like bread you could bake feed so

148
00:08:57,679 --> 00:09:01,360
Speaker 2: many people. So this bread product gave rise to its

149
00:09:01,400 --> 00:09:05,560
Speaker 2: early organization into a professional trade. And some of the

150
00:09:05,720 --> 00:09:10,439
Speaker 2: earliest depictions of bread baking appear in tombs in ancient

151
00:09:10,520 --> 00:09:15,360
Speaker 2: Egypt and the tombs of Sakara, showing workers grinding grain

152
00:09:15,559 --> 00:09:19,280
Speaker 2: and eating dough and baking in these conical clay ovens.

153
00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:22,079
Speaker 2: There are even like if you go to the Metropolitan

154
00:09:22,160 --> 00:09:24,280
Speaker 2: Museum of Art in New York, there are these like

155
00:09:24,440 --> 00:09:27,240
Speaker 2: models that you could see them. You could see this

156
00:09:27,320 --> 00:09:31,079
Speaker 2: whole process of baking, and they're really kind of amazing.

157
00:09:31,200 --> 00:09:33,440
Speaker 2: So they were the first to produce bread on a

158
00:09:33,520 --> 00:09:37,320
Speaker 2: large scale at temples and palaces, and they even use

159
00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:41,679
Speaker 2: bread as currency, like workers involved and pyramid construction were

160
00:09:41,679 --> 00:09:45,880
Speaker 2: often paid in bread and beer. And then if you

161
00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:50,439
Speaker 2: fast forward a few centuries, the Greek writer Orchestratus around

162
00:09:50,440 --> 00:09:54,120
Speaker 2: the fifth century BC, he described bakeries in what is

163
00:09:54,160 --> 00:09:59,120
Speaker 2: now Turkey, and by one fifty BC, so just a

164
00:09:59,160 --> 00:10:03,400
Speaker 2: little over t and years ago, Rome, Ancient Rome, you know,

165
00:10:03,920 --> 00:10:07,280
Speaker 2: had its own baker's guilds, and there was this early

166
00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:12,160
Speaker 2: sign that bread making wasn't just a food, but it

167
00:10:12,240 --> 00:10:16,320
Speaker 2: was a profession. Like before the chef, there was the baker,

168
00:10:16,440 --> 00:10:17,520
Speaker 2: there was the bread baker.

169
00:10:18,040 --> 00:10:21,840
Speaker 1: Well, in the ancient Romans, they also developed commercial bakeries

170
00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:26,280
Speaker 1: that really probably closely resembled our modern day bakeries, and

171
00:10:26,320 --> 00:10:29,640
Speaker 1: they operated independently, they sold directly to the public, they

172
00:10:29,679 --> 00:10:33,440
Speaker 1: had a fixed location. So this Roman model of the

173
00:10:33,440 --> 00:10:37,160
Speaker 1: bakery really became the basis for bakeries across in Europe

174
00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:41,160
Speaker 1: and during the Middle Ages. You know, bread quality often

175
00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:45,960
Speaker 1: reflected class, right, so white bread was for the wealthy

176
00:10:46,559 --> 00:10:49,520
Speaker 1: and coarse rye or brand breads were for the poor.

177
00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:54,320
Speaker 1: And medieval bakers guilds in Europe about the twelfth century,

178
00:10:54,800 --> 00:10:59,120
Speaker 1: there were these independent organizations formed by bakers to protect

179
00:10:59,120 --> 00:11:02,520
Speaker 1: that trade and to regulate quality and to control competition

180
00:11:02,600 --> 00:11:05,400
Speaker 1: and kind of build this economic and social power within

181
00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:11,400
Speaker 1: their communities. Even the term bakers doesn't that comes from

182
00:11:11,440 --> 00:11:12,680
Speaker 1: medieval times, right.

183
00:11:12,840 --> 00:11:16,439
Speaker 2: It comes from around this time, and it denotes a

184
00:11:16,480 --> 00:11:21,520
Speaker 2: cluster of thirteen items. So strict laws during the Middle Ages,

185
00:11:21,559 --> 00:11:25,959
Speaker 2: around the thirteenth century and in Europe, strict laws regulated

186
00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:29,280
Speaker 2: the price and weight of bread. And you just mentioned

187
00:11:29,320 --> 00:11:32,400
Speaker 2: it's like, oh, the bread for the wealthy was one

188
00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:36,920
Speaker 2: thing and the bread for the poor was different. And

189
00:11:37,040 --> 00:11:40,640
Speaker 2: so we start seeing these strict laws regulating the price

190
00:11:40,679 --> 00:11:44,760
Speaker 2: in wheat of bread, and so bakers who sold underweight

191
00:11:44,880 --> 00:11:49,439
Speaker 2: loaves could be fined, they could be publicly shamed or beaten.

192
00:11:50,480 --> 00:11:54,240
Speaker 2: To avoid punishment, baker started tossing in an extra loaf

193
00:11:54,480 --> 00:11:57,760
Speaker 2: when selling. It doesen't just in case one loaf came

194
00:11:57,800 --> 00:12:01,000
Speaker 2: in a little like I never knew BAERs doesn't meant

195
00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:05,200
Speaker 2: thirteen thirteen. But then obviously there was improvements in oven

196
00:12:05,240 --> 00:12:09,000
Speaker 2: design and grain milling, and that really changed how bread

197
00:12:09,000 --> 00:12:12,120
Speaker 2: and pastries were made. I mean the better ovens.

198
00:12:11,760 --> 00:12:14,559
Speaker 1: That we were stronger and they had chimneys. They really

199
00:12:15,400 --> 00:12:21,040
Speaker 1: helped bakers control baking temperatures and the milling techniques producing

200
00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:22,360
Speaker 1: finer flowers.

201
00:12:22,800 --> 00:12:27,040
Speaker 2: The Industrial Revolution they brought mechanization which allowed for mass

202
00:12:27,040 --> 00:12:32,960
Speaker 2: production of bread. Bread started shifting from this artisan product

203
00:12:33,679 --> 00:12:37,600
Speaker 2: to a factory made staple, especially in urban areas. And

204
00:12:37,640 --> 00:12:40,599
Speaker 2: this is when we start seeing the sliced bread in

205
00:12:40,800 --> 00:12:42,319
Speaker 2: eight bread slicer.

206
00:12:42,920 --> 00:12:44,120
Speaker 1: So that was from America.

207
00:12:44,240 --> 00:12:48,240
Speaker 2: From America, it was from the US This ventor named

208
00:12:48,320 --> 00:12:53,280
Speaker 2: Otto Frederick Waughweater. He sounds Dutcher German. I'm not sure,

209
00:12:53,920 --> 00:12:57,600
Speaker 2: but he built ires. He was from Iowa. He built

210
00:12:57,640 --> 00:13:01,439
Speaker 2: the first commercial bread slicing machine. He tested it out

211
00:13:01,679 --> 00:13:05,240
Speaker 2: at Corns Bakery in his hometown of Davenport, Iowa, and

212
00:13:05,280 --> 00:13:08,520
Speaker 2: by the end of that year, customers were hooked on

213
00:13:08,600 --> 00:13:11,199
Speaker 2: the convenience of pre sliced bread.

214
00:13:12,200 --> 00:13:12,440
Speaker 1: Wow.

215
00:13:12,559 --> 00:13:15,280
Speaker 2: The following year, eighteen twenty nine, Slice to Bread was

216
00:13:15,320 --> 00:13:19,760
Speaker 2: spreading across the country, and then soon after the Continental

217
00:13:19,760 --> 00:13:23,400
Speaker 2: Baking Company was selling it nationwide under the Wonderbread.

218
00:13:23,440 --> 00:13:26,480
Speaker 1: Oh my gosh, what I love me some wonderbread.

219
00:13:26,800 --> 00:13:31,319
Speaker 2: We have this slice spread in America. It's all about convenience,

220
00:13:31,440 --> 00:13:34,680
Speaker 2: and we have grocery stores and it's just all about convenience.

221
00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:37,120
Speaker 2: But at the same time we start seeing the bag

222
00:13:37,200 --> 00:13:40,480
Speaker 2: get in France, which is totally different.

223
00:13:40,840 --> 00:13:43,640
Speaker 1: So the baget it has a really interesting origin story.

224
00:13:43,679 --> 00:13:45,920
Speaker 1: We kind of explored this a bit in searching for France,

225
00:13:45,920 --> 00:13:49,240
Speaker 1: but there's a lot of different myths and things. It's

226
00:13:49,280 --> 00:13:53,080
Speaker 1: definitely been around. It wasn't named the baguette until you know,

227
00:13:53,160 --> 00:13:57,520
Speaker 1: around nineteen twenty, but you know, before the baguette shape

228
00:13:57,679 --> 00:14:00,760
Speaker 1: French bread was typically round and heavy. It was made

229
00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:04,000
Speaker 1: in large loafs. It was very central to the diet

230
00:14:04,040 --> 00:14:08,360
Speaker 1: of France. But one of the myths, or one of

231
00:14:08,400 --> 00:14:12,480
Speaker 1: the stories is they started making them thinner and longer

232
00:14:12,520 --> 00:14:17,520
Speaker 1: so that soldiers, Napoleon soldiers could carry it, whether it

233
00:14:17,559 --> 00:14:22,240
Speaker 1: was in their backpack or in their boot. And the

234
00:14:22,360 --> 00:14:26,320
Speaker 1: real story supposedly is that in the mid nineteenth century

235
00:14:26,440 --> 00:14:29,200
Speaker 1: August Zang, which was this Austrian baker, which by the way,

236
00:14:29,240 --> 00:14:34,600
Speaker 1: the croissant also comes from Austria. The original anyway, August Zang,

237
00:14:34,640 --> 00:14:37,680
Speaker 1: he was an Austrian baker in Paris. He introduced the

238
00:14:37,920 --> 00:14:41,600
Speaker 1: steam ovens and this allowed bakers to create breads with

239
00:14:41,680 --> 00:14:45,280
Speaker 1: like a light crisp crust, but they were soft an

240
00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:49,640
Speaker 1: area inside, and so these long breads began to appear,

241
00:14:49,680 --> 00:14:53,200
Speaker 1: and they weren't called bag get yet because the word

242
00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:56,640
Speaker 1: bag get which means wand or stick. It really first

243
00:14:56,680 --> 00:15:01,760
Speaker 1: appeared in the nineteen twenties because French law, which regulated

244
00:15:01,960 --> 00:15:05,320
Speaker 1: weight and price of the bread, it banned. They banned

245
00:15:05,320 --> 00:15:08,200
Speaker 1: bakers from working before four am. So because of these

246
00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:12,600
Speaker 1: restricted hours, bakers needed bread that could be made quickly,

247
00:15:13,800 --> 00:15:18,040
Speaker 1: and so the baguette's long, thin shaped shape helped the

248
00:15:18,160 --> 00:15:22,280
Speaker 1: dough rise and bake faster than the big traditional blows.

249
00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:25,720
Speaker 1: So that's how it became the baguette, which.

250
00:15:25,520 --> 00:15:29,320
Speaker 2: Is so interesting, which is the most delicious thing in

251
00:15:29,360 --> 00:15:29,880
Speaker 2: the world.

252
00:15:29,960 --> 00:15:31,720
Speaker 1: And I mind them all the time. By the way,

253
00:15:31,760 --> 00:15:33,560
Speaker 1: I'm about to make a couple of meggots right now.

254
00:15:34,200 --> 00:15:37,680
Speaker 1: Oh my gosh, I mean, I made my bagette. We

255
00:15:37,720 --> 00:15:40,640
Speaker 1: did a whole petisserie episode on Sergeuvfrans and there's a

256
00:15:40,640 --> 00:15:45,160
Speaker 1: whole art and it's a it's a specific recipe. You

257
00:15:45,240 --> 00:15:47,800
Speaker 1: can't deviate from the recipe. And as a matter of fact,

258
00:15:47,840 --> 00:15:52,880
Speaker 1: in twenty twenty two, UNESCO inscribed the artisanal know how

259
00:15:53,480 --> 00:15:56,560
Speaker 1: and culture of the baguette on the list of Intangible

260
00:15:56,600 --> 00:16:01,120
Speaker 1: Cultural Heritage of Humanity. So it just highlighted its role

261
00:16:01,440 --> 00:16:05,160
Speaker 1: in French life and community. And so it's this, you know,

262
00:16:05,520 --> 00:16:07,760
Speaker 1: the bag gets this modern invention that has come to

263
00:16:07,800 --> 00:16:12,440
Speaker 1: symbolize French culture and French identity. And it's one of

264
00:16:12,480 --> 00:16:15,840
Speaker 1: the few things because Europe in general is not to

265
00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:20,000
Speaker 1: go eating kind of society a culture you know that

266
00:16:20,280 --> 00:16:23,000
Speaker 1: you sit, you drink your coffee, you sit, you eat.

267
00:16:23,200 --> 00:16:24,800
Speaker 1: I don't know if you notice when you get get

268
00:16:24,840 --> 00:16:27,040
Speaker 1: like a proper to go coffee cup sometimes in Europe,

269
00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:28,760
Speaker 1: because they just like why would you walk with that?

270
00:16:28,840 --> 00:16:34,280
Speaker 1: Sit down? Enjoy same so same thing, Stop and enjoy

271
00:16:34,320 --> 00:16:36,440
Speaker 1: your food, like food is like to be enjoyed, not

272
00:16:36,520 --> 00:16:38,520
Speaker 1: to be eaten on the run. The bag get's the

273
00:16:38,560 --> 00:16:41,240
Speaker 1: only exception. You grab a bag get and you walk

274
00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:43,000
Speaker 1: and you tear it off and you can eat and

275
00:16:43,040 --> 00:16:45,480
Speaker 1: put some cheese. Or you buy a bagett and you

276
00:16:45,520 --> 00:16:48,120
Speaker 1: walk away and you go sit at the at the

277
00:16:48,160 --> 00:16:52,200
Speaker 1: seen in pairs or sit under a tree and eat it.

278
00:16:52,240 --> 00:16:55,600
Speaker 1: So that's the only like exception they do go that

279
00:16:55,760 --> 00:16:57,880
Speaker 1: you can eat on the go? Is it?

280
00:16:58,720 --> 00:17:01,600
Speaker 2: I love it? I'd love a good book. Yeah, and

281
00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:05,280
Speaker 2: I love that. It was this baker, this Austrian baker,

282
00:17:05,359 --> 00:17:18,840
Speaker 2: that introduced a steam oven, just like always, so let's

283
00:17:18,840 --> 00:17:23,200
Speaker 2: talk about these immigrant communities and baking in the US.

284
00:17:24,000 --> 00:17:27,760
Speaker 2: So there's this Austrian guy goes to France and brings

285
00:17:27,800 --> 00:17:31,000
Speaker 2: the steam oven. But then we also have these early

286
00:17:31,240 --> 00:17:37,640
Speaker 2: settlers immigrants in the US that introduced things like pretzels

287
00:17:37,720 --> 00:17:40,720
Speaker 2: and rye breads and all of these different kind of

288
00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:46,040
Speaker 2: foods like Dutch, German and English immigrants in urban centers

289
00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:49,680
Speaker 2: like Philaelphia and New York and Boston and Chicago, and

290
00:17:49,720 --> 00:17:54,960
Speaker 2: even in La. One of the earliest, or I believe

291
00:17:55,040 --> 00:17:59,040
Speaker 2: the first La bakery was called Vanda Kemp's Holland Dutch

292
00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:03,520
Speaker 2: Bakery in teen fifteen. They started out as a potato

293
00:18:03,720 --> 00:18:07,840
Speaker 2: chip stand selling Saratoga chips. Remember we talked about the

294
00:18:07,880 --> 00:18:12,480
Speaker 2: Saratoga chips in our Chips episode this So that was

295
00:18:12,520 --> 00:18:15,520
Speaker 2: like Saratoga, New York and Sarato Springs, New York, and

296
00:18:15,560 --> 00:18:19,680
Speaker 2: now here's La. They're selling Saratoga chips before they became

297
00:18:19,960 --> 00:18:23,520
Speaker 2: the modern potato chip and after a potato shortage in

298
00:18:23,800 --> 00:18:28,520
Speaker 2: during World War Two, they began selling whole grain breads.

299
00:18:28,680 --> 00:18:32,120
Speaker 2: And these whole grain breads were something so new in La.

300
00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:34,639
Speaker 2: And at their height they had three hundred and twenty

301
00:18:34,680 --> 00:18:38,520
Speaker 2: bakeries up and down the West coast. And these were

302
00:18:38,920 --> 00:18:41,320
Speaker 2: Dutch immigrants.

303
00:18:40,960 --> 00:18:45,120
Speaker 1: So obviously there was Chinese immigrants in La. The Phoenix

304
00:18:45,119 --> 00:18:49,240
Speaker 1: Basia was founded in nineteen thirty in Chinatown by Fung

305
00:18:49,359 --> 00:18:53,840
Speaker 1: Chao and Wi Hing Chan. It's recognized as the oldest

306
00:18:53,880 --> 00:18:57,320
Speaker 1: family owned an operated Chinese bakery in the city. By

307
00:18:57,359 --> 00:19:01,840
Speaker 1: the nineteen forties, Lun f Cha, who studied baking in

308
00:19:01,920 --> 00:19:04,720
Speaker 1: Hong Kong, joined the family business as its head baker,

309
00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:08,800
Speaker 1: and in the nineteen seventies he developed the famed Phoenix cake,

310
00:19:08,920 --> 00:19:14,120
Speaker 1: which is this strawberry whipped cream cake. And they also

311
00:19:14,160 --> 00:19:18,720
Speaker 1: obviously offer traditional Chinese pastries like mooncakes and Alveun cookies,

312
00:19:19,600 --> 00:19:23,600
Speaker 1: chocolate d claires, bacla ba tres leches and when we

313
00:19:23,640 --> 00:19:26,720
Speaker 1: can't talk about La without talking about the Mexican immigrant

314
00:19:26,760 --> 00:19:30,600
Speaker 1: communities that brought with them deep traditions of bandulse, which

315
00:19:30,640 --> 00:19:33,760
Speaker 1: we've done an episode on before. But the Bolios, the

316
00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:40,080
Speaker 1: Pande Muerto, the Roscar Reez and early banalarias that opened

317
00:19:40,080 --> 00:19:43,960
Speaker 1: in Boil Heights East La Pico Union, they really became

318
00:19:44,040 --> 00:19:46,760
Speaker 1: community spaces. I think they still are, by the way,

319
00:19:47,440 --> 00:19:50,600
Speaker 1: because a lot of these these bakeries serve multiple generations

320
00:19:50,600 --> 00:19:53,720
Speaker 1: of immigrant families. And the oldest known Mexican bakery in

321
00:19:53,840 --> 00:19:58,320
Speaker 1: La is La Fama Panaleria, which was established in nineteen

322
00:19:58,359 --> 00:20:04,040
Speaker 1: twenty eight and it's and another one is La Mascota

323
00:20:04,080 --> 00:20:07,240
Speaker 1: Bakery and Boyle Heights, which has been there since nineteen

324
00:20:07,320 --> 00:20:10,159
Speaker 1: fifty two. I love what are you guys?

325
00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:15,400
Speaker 2: Do you have here? My favorite old school banaria it's

326
00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:18,920
Speaker 2: in Boyle Heights, Leita. I get my rosca is there

327
00:20:18,960 --> 00:20:19,520
Speaker 2: every year.

328
00:20:19,680 --> 00:20:20,080
Speaker 1: I make it.

329
00:20:20,119 --> 00:20:23,320
Speaker 2: A couple of years, I've made it sometimes, but whenever

330
00:20:23,359 --> 00:20:25,719
Speaker 2: I buy it, I go there and the line is

331
00:20:25,880 --> 00:20:29,959
Speaker 2: out the door and it's the best. It's the best.

332
00:20:30,160 --> 00:20:33,840
Speaker 1: It's so funny because like the Austrian went to Paris,

333
00:20:33,960 --> 00:20:37,920
Speaker 1: and then the Chinese and Dutch came to us, and

334
00:20:37,960 --> 00:20:42,120
Speaker 1: then Mexicans came to La But even in Mexico we

335
00:20:42,200 --> 00:20:47,119
Speaker 1: had immigrants that made our bakeries amazing, and so wheat

336
00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:52,520
Speaker 1: was introduced post conquest, and by the seventeenth century Mexican

337
00:20:52,640 --> 00:20:58,200
Speaker 1: started doing pastries because French bakers began migrating to Mexico

338
00:20:58,240 --> 00:21:02,560
Speaker 1: and opening bakeries and under Mexico's French occupation in nineteenth century,

339
00:21:02,640 --> 00:21:06,560
Speaker 1: people forget Mexico was under French occupation for like two seconds,

340
00:21:07,280 --> 00:21:11,119
Speaker 1: but the country was inundated with bakeries because that ruler,

341
00:21:11,359 --> 00:21:15,560
Speaker 1: the colonizer, brought so many French bakers with him. And

342
00:21:15,640 --> 00:21:18,040
Speaker 1: that's how we got bandulse, That's how we got ponchas,

343
00:21:18,080 --> 00:21:20,520
Speaker 1: That's how we got grief, that's how we got molios.

344
00:21:20,720 --> 00:21:24,600
Speaker 1: Like it just became so popular. So most bakeries were

345
00:21:24,640 --> 00:21:28,720
Speaker 1: Spanish or French owned, but ninety percent of the bakers

346
00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:33,679
Speaker 1: themselves were native artisans who developed these you know, unique

347
00:21:33,760 --> 00:21:38,000
Speaker 1: techniques for pastries based on the European trends, and so

348
00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:41,080
Speaker 1: we have more of that in our Bondulse episode. But

349
00:21:41,080 --> 00:21:43,080
Speaker 1: I always find it so fascinating and people go, I

350
00:21:43,119 --> 00:21:46,879
Speaker 1: love Bandulsa from Mexico. I'm like, well, super influenced by

351
00:21:46,920 --> 00:21:47,639
Speaker 1: the French.

352
00:21:48,119 --> 00:21:51,840
Speaker 2: Yeah, but it also just shows how everybody's influenced by

353
00:21:51,840 --> 00:21:55,800
Speaker 2: everybody else. Right. It's it's so rich and everything, and

354
00:21:55,840 --> 00:21:59,080
Speaker 2: it makes it better, the food, It makes it better,

355
00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:02,840
Speaker 2: and it makes it better, everything better, it really does.

356
00:22:03,119 --> 00:22:06,119
Speaker 2: It's all about community. Brett is about community. So I

357
00:22:06,160 --> 00:22:09,000
Speaker 2: thought we can't. We should talk about the bake sales

358
00:22:09,080 --> 00:22:15,480
Speaker 2: because the community, oh my, to have bake sales, yes, yes,

359
00:22:16,359 --> 00:22:19,800
Speaker 2: and it has this rich, rich, rich history. So in

360
00:22:19,840 --> 00:22:23,440
Speaker 2: the US they originally in the nineteenth century organized by

361
00:22:23,560 --> 00:22:27,560
Speaker 2: church groups and women's groups and temperance society. We talked

362
00:22:27,600 --> 00:22:30,159
Speaker 2: about this whole idea when we did our cookbook like This,

363
00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:33,560
Speaker 2: when we talked about community cookbooks and how women who

364
00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:36,439
Speaker 2: were forced to be in the home, they were you know,

365
00:22:37,119 --> 00:22:41,120
Speaker 2: raising writing cookbooks to raise funds. They were making big

366
00:22:41,200 --> 00:22:45,159
Speaker 2: good to raise funds for gools, for bake sales.

367
00:22:45,400 --> 00:22:47,600
Speaker 1: I grew up on these sales. I remember we were like,

368
00:22:47,680 --> 00:22:50,000
Speaker 1: the school needs a new computer. We were like, shall

369
00:22:50,040 --> 00:22:53,440
Speaker 1: we have a bake sale? Like that was the big idea.

370
00:22:53,520 --> 00:22:58,000
Speaker 1: That's the schools, the church's swimming pool broke. Should we

371
00:22:58,040 --> 00:23:02,440
Speaker 1: do a bake sale? Like it was the solution to all.

372
00:23:02,480 --> 00:23:04,520
Speaker 1: And it was like yes, and you know, we all

373
00:23:04,520 --> 00:23:06,840
Speaker 1: had to bake something and take it to church. I

374
00:23:06,840 --> 00:23:08,000
Speaker 1: grew up in bake sales.

375
00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:12,040
Speaker 2: Yeah, me too, me too. And it's just it's I

376
00:23:12,080 --> 00:23:14,359
Speaker 2: don't know, it's just kind of the best solution, you know,

377
00:23:14,440 --> 00:23:18,639
Speaker 2: because it's love basically. Yah, you make some muffins, you

378
00:23:18,680 --> 00:23:21,400
Speaker 2: make some cookies, you make some bread. It's just here love,

379
00:23:21,640 --> 00:23:23,200
Speaker 2: this is me, my heart.

380
00:23:24,040 --> 00:23:26,440
Speaker 1: During World War One and World War Two, bake sales

381
00:23:26,520 --> 00:23:30,439
Speaker 1: became vital for war relief efforts. So even though like

382
00:23:30,480 --> 00:23:32,760
Speaker 1: for me, I think if it is something really small

383
00:23:32,800 --> 00:23:35,320
Speaker 1: and cute and like, oh, we can raise a little money,

384
00:23:35,760 --> 00:23:39,800
Speaker 1: you know, these war relief efforts which demonstrated how domestic

385
00:23:39,880 --> 00:23:45,440
Speaker 1: labor could contribute to national and community needs, and over

386
00:23:45,520 --> 00:23:48,919
Speaker 1: time they became staples of community life. And a modern

387
00:23:48,920 --> 00:23:55,960
Speaker 1: example in rural Mexico is the San Antonio in Giappas,

388
00:23:56,320 --> 00:23:59,480
Speaker 1: where a group of women built a communal oven to

389
00:23:59,600 --> 00:24:03,719
Speaker 1: produce bread to generate income for their families. And so,

390
00:24:04,560 --> 00:24:07,840
Speaker 1: I you know, here in La we have Homeboy Industries

391
00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:11,960
Speaker 1: and oh yeah, do bake goods for kids for people

392
00:24:12,240 --> 00:24:15,280
Speaker 1: that were incarcerated. And it's one of the few places

393
00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:19,200
Speaker 1: that will hire a former fell in and h father

394
00:24:19,440 --> 00:24:25,560
Speaker 1: father Boyle created this idea to reinvest in these kids

395
00:24:25,560 --> 00:24:28,760
Speaker 1: who may have made a mistake. And they sell all

396
00:24:28,840 --> 00:24:32,120
Speaker 1: kinds of baked goods. It's beautiful. They make bread, they

397
00:24:32,119 --> 00:24:36,560
Speaker 1: make sour no, they make cakes. I mean it's everything.

398
00:24:36,840 --> 00:24:39,040
Speaker 1: I love Homeboy Industries bake goods.

399
00:24:39,680 --> 00:24:44,160
Speaker 2: There's also you know, lots of different examples of of

400
00:24:44,160 --> 00:24:47,959
Speaker 2: of people of baking, of bake sales as platforms for

401
00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:52,840
Speaker 2: these you know, political expressions and social justice. So of

402
00:24:52,880 --> 00:24:57,639
Speaker 2: course there's Homeboy Industries. There's Gather for Good which is

403
00:24:57,680 --> 00:25:00,920
Speaker 2: also in La, a group of bakers and chefs. They

404
00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:04,320
Speaker 2: make pies and cookies to sell funds for various causes,

405
00:25:04,359 --> 00:25:09,200
Speaker 2: including Peace for Kids, which supports foster youth. There's Bakers

406
00:25:09,240 --> 00:25:12,560
Speaker 2: Against Racism that was initiated in twenty twenty a group

407
00:25:12,600 --> 00:25:16,320
Speaker 2: of chefs including Paul la Veles, who's a pastry chef

408
00:25:16,320 --> 00:25:20,800
Speaker 2: and activist, that was initiated in response to the George

409
00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:25,320
Speaker 2: Floyd murder, and it began as a single event, expanded

410
00:25:25,359 --> 00:25:30,680
Speaker 2: into this global movement raising funds for organizations supporting racial

411
00:25:30,880 --> 00:25:36,640
Speaker 2: justice and equality, and from their website, they are unofficially

412
00:25:36,680 --> 00:25:40,560
Speaker 2: the world's largest bake sale, raising over two point five

413
00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:47,040
Speaker 2: million dollars for social causes worldwide. Wow Justice Causes Worldwide.

414
00:25:47,640 --> 00:25:51,600
Speaker 2: There's also Planned Parenthood Bakesdale that started in twenty sixteen

415
00:25:51,680 --> 00:25:57,479
Speaker 2: following the presidential elections. Pastry chef Natasha Picowitz organizer bakesale

416
00:25:57,480 --> 00:26:01,080
Speaker 2: in New York City to support Plan Parenthood and since

417
00:26:01,200 --> 00:26:06,280
Speaker 2: then they have raised over two hundred and twenty five thousand,

418
00:26:06,600 --> 00:26:11,080
Speaker 2: inspiring similar initiatives nationwide. So it's kind of it's sort

419
00:26:11,119 --> 00:26:14,560
Speaker 2: of amazing that this bake sale could be something just

420
00:26:14,600 --> 00:26:18,159
Speaker 2: so small and heartfelt to something really big in a

421
00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:23,200
Speaker 2: symbol of grassroots activism, but community spirit at its core.

422
00:26:23,440 --> 00:26:24,399
Speaker 2: Community spirit.

423
00:26:27,480 --> 00:26:30,760
Speaker 1: We have got a great episode planned for next week's

424
00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:35,040
Speaker 1: New Year's Day. We're tackling the Bloody Mary and the

425
00:26:35,040 --> 00:26:37,000
Speaker 1: most iconic hair of the Dogs.

426
00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:41,520
Speaker 2: Thank you all for joining us today. Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays,

427
00:26:41,640 --> 00:26:42,919
Speaker 2: and see you all next week.

428
00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:49,240
Speaker 1: Bye, see next week. Thanks Hungary for History is a

429
00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:53,760
Speaker 1: Hyphene media production in partnership with Iheart's Michael Bura podcast network.

430
00:26:53,880 --> 00:26:56,760
Speaker 2: For more of your favorite shows, visit the iHeartRadio app,

431
00:26:56,880 --> 00:27:01,920
Speaker 2: Apple podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts. Benepment, the

432
00:27:01,600 --> 00:27:01,719
Speaker 2: wo