1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:03,040 Speaker 1: What if everything you thought you knew about autism and 2 00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:07,760 Speaker 1: mental health wasn't the full story. Today's conversation might change 3 00:00:07,840 --> 00:00:10,160 Speaker 1: the way you see it. Welcome to Why Not May, 4 00:00:10,480 --> 00:00:15,520 Speaker 1: embracing autism and mental health worldwide, where real conversations and 5 00:00:15,560 --> 00:00:21,319 Speaker 1: lived experiences inspire understanding and hope. I'm Tony Mantor this 6 00:00:21,440 --> 00:00:25,640 Speaker 1: is where understanding begins. If this kind of conversation matters 7 00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:29,040 Speaker 1: to you, then follow the show so you don't miss 8 00:00:29,120 --> 00:00:33,160 Speaker 1: what comes next. Joining us today is Jennifer Kaufman. When 9 00:00:33,159 --> 00:00:37,320 Speaker 1: we talk about autism, we often focus on individuals or parents, 10 00:00:37,640 --> 00:00:40,919 Speaker 1: but there's another perspective that can shape understanding in a 11 00:00:41,120 --> 00:00:45,559 Speaker 1: very powerful way. That's grandparents. Jennifer is an author and 12 00:00:45,680 --> 00:00:50,080 Speaker 1: advocate who is helping redefine that conversation through her book, 13 00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:55,400 Speaker 1: Grandparenting on the Spectrum. Her work challenges generational assumptions and 14 00:00:55,520 --> 00:00:59,440 Speaker 1: opens the door to greater awareness and acceptance. Through her work, 15 00:00:59,680 --> 00:01:04,880 Speaker 1: she offers insight, compassion, and a bridge to a deeper connection. 16 00:01:05,640 --> 00:01:07,400 Speaker 1: Thanks for joining us today. 17 00:01:07,800 --> 00:01:08,360 Speaker 2: My pleasure. 18 00:01:08,520 --> 00:01:09,280 Speaker 3: Thank you so much. 19 00:01:09,319 --> 00:01:11,960 Speaker 1: Oh it's my pleasure. Let's start this off with telling 20 00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:13,520 Speaker 1: everybody what you do. Hi. 21 00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:15,360 Speaker 3: My name is Jennifer Kaufman. 22 00:01:15,959 --> 00:01:19,520 Speaker 4: I am not only a school principal at a school 23 00:01:19,560 --> 00:01:22,440 Speaker 4: for kids with autism, but I am also the grandmother 24 00:01:22,680 --> 00:01:25,360 Speaker 4: of an eight year old who is on the spectrum, 25 00:01:25,440 --> 00:01:29,360 Speaker 4: my grandson Ben. I am also a speaker, a trainer, 26 00:01:29,560 --> 00:01:34,000 Speaker 4: an advocate all things autism, work with grandparenting groups, you know, 27 00:01:34,080 --> 00:01:36,720 Speaker 4: talking to them about my book and all that I 28 00:01:36,760 --> 00:01:39,959 Speaker 4: write about there. But I also train first responders and 29 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:44,119 Speaker 4: police departments and college campus security teams, and I help 30 00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:48,320 Speaker 4: them better understand what it means to work with somebody 31 00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:49,640 Speaker 4: who is neurodiverse. 32 00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:52,000 Speaker 2: So tell us the name of your book. The name 33 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:52,200 Speaker 2: of my. 34 00:01:52,200 --> 00:01:55,480 Speaker 4: Book is Grandparenting on the Spectrum, A Journey from both 35 00:01:55,520 --> 00:01:56,360 Speaker 4: sides of the Desks. 36 00:01:56,480 --> 00:01:59,160 Speaker 2: Wow, I like that great title. Thank you. 37 00:01:59,360 --> 00:02:01,240 Speaker 1: How long did it take you to write the book, 38 00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:04,040 Speaker 1: and if you would give us a little information about it. 39 00:02:04,240 --> 00:02:08,359 Speaker 4: I started writing it about two years before publication, and 40 00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:14,400 Speaker 4: it is about my learning curve, my own personal learning curve, okay, 41 00:02:14,600 --> 00:02:19,639 Speaker 4: because I was this person working with students and their 42 00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:25,160 Speaker 4: families and autism, and once my grandson was diagnosed, I 43 00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:28,600 Speaker 4: started bringing all of that experience and knowledge to my 44 00:02:28,720 --> 00:02:32,440 Speaker 4: daughter and her husband, and I quickly realized that sometimes 45 00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:34,120 Speaker 4: new parents don't want. 46 00:02:33,880 --> 00:02:36,480 Speaker 3: An expert telling them what to do when that expert 47 00:02:36,520 --> 00:02:37,000 Speaker 3: is your mom. 48 00:02:37,440 --> 00:02:39,000 Speaker 2: Sure, that's very understandable. 49 00:02:39,600 --> 00:02:44,239 Speaker 1: Which affected you more being the grandparent of an autistic 50 00:02:44,320 --> 00:02:48,600 Speaker 1: child or working with autistic children in the school system. 51 00:02:48,680 --> 00:02:52,320 Speaker 4: That's a great question. I would say that on a 52 00:02:52,360 --> 00:02:58,000 Speaker 4: deeply personal level. Of course, having a child with autism 53 00:02:58,040 --> 00:03:01,079 Speaker 4: in the family and understand and how that changes the 54 00:03:01,160 --> 00:03:04,880 Speaker 4: dynamic of a family really deeply affected me. Though my 55 00:03:05,160 --> 00:03:08,960 Speaker 4: years as a school administrator and working with kids who 56 00:03:09,040 --> 00:03:12,720 Speaker 4: have autism, that's my heart's work. I never quite understood 57 00:03:12,800 --> 00:03:17,120 Speaker 4: the commitment that the families were involved with, because, you know, 58 00:03:17,200 --> 00:03:18,560 Speaker 4: I go home at the end of the day. 59 00:03:18,880 --> 00:03:22,720 Speaker 1: It's interesting. I've had teachers that have been on here 60 00:03:23,080 --> 00:03:26,919 Speaker 1: that later became autistic parents. They thought they were going 61 00:03:26,960 --> 00:03:29,960 Speaker 1: to be great mothers because they worked with children in 62 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:32,960 Speaker 1: the school system that were autistic. Then when real life 63 00:03:33,040 --> 00:03:37,480 Speaker 1: situations happened and it was after school, that's when the 64 00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:40,120 Speaker 1: reality set in that this was going to be their 65 00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:44,640 Speaker 1: daily life from now on. So how did that affect you. 66 00:03:44,640 --> 00:03:47,920 Speaker 1: You've worked with autistic children in the school system and 67 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:52,360 Speaker 1: now you have an autistic grandson. How did that dynamic 68 00:03:52,400 --> 00:03:53,200 Speaker 1: play out for you? 69 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:54,720 Speaker 3: Well, you know, what it was. 70 00:03:54,920 --> 00:03:58,000 Speaker 4: It was interesting because initially, like when I found out 71 00:03:58,040 --> 00:04:02,040 Speaker 4: my daughter was pregnant, these expectations of what that was 72 00:04:02,080 --> 00:04:04,600 Speaker 4: going to look like in terms of my role as 73 00:04:04,640 --> 00:04:05,280 Speaker 4: a grandmother. 74 00:04:05,480 --> 00:04:06,640 Speaker 2: Sure, that makes sense. 75 00:04:07,080 --> 00:04:11,280 Speaker 4: And then once that autism diagnosis happened, and having the 76 00:04:11,360 --> 00:04:14,680 Speaker 4: knowledge that I do from being in the field, I 77 00:04:14,760 --> 00:04:19,400 Speaker 4: really understood that I had to shift my expectations. Sure, 78 00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:23,400 Speaker 4: some of the myths that many grandparents go into this, 79 00:04:23,920 --> 00:04:28,080 Speaker 4: myths about pauses of autism or hey, if you only 80 00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:30,480 Speaker 4: had a little bit more discipline in his life, he 81 00:04:30,560 --> 00:04:34,120 Speaker 4: didn't have to deal with that because my professional life 82 00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:36,880 Speaker 4: gave me that knowledge as to what's real what's not, 83 00:04:37,160 --> 00:04:40,960 Speaker 4: and shifting my expectations to better address the needs of 84 00:04:41,040 --> 00:04:45,279 Speaker 4: not only my grandson, but more importantly and unexpectedly the 85 00:04:45,320 --> 00:04:47,080 Speaker 4: needs of my daughter and her husband. 86 00:04:47,400 --> 00:04:50,920 Speaker 1: Where you know and understand autism because you work within 87 00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:55,159 Speaker 1: the autistic community, how did that relationship work with your daughter? 88 00:04:55,520 --> 00:05:00,200 Speaker 4: Well, it's interesting because as every parent, I'm like, I 89 00:05:00,320 --> 00:05:03,040 Speaker 4: raised my kids, raise my own kids, so I'm the 90 00:05:03,400 --> 00:05:05,960 Speaker 4: expert in child rearing in the family because I raised 91 00:05:05,960 --> 00:05:10,040 Speaker 4: you adulthood. And then having the professional knowledge, like I 92 00:05:10,600 --> 00:05:15,240 Speaker 4: considered myself to be sort of the expert on all 93 00:05:15,279 --> 00:05:18,960 Speaker 4: of this, right, Really quickly I learned that new parents 94 00:05:19,279 --> 00:05:23,560 Speaker 4: and parents with a new diagnosis particularly, they're the experts, right, 95 00:05:23,880 --> 00:05:26,720 Speaker 4: They're the experts. They're the ones with the knowledge, they're 96 00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:29,880 Speaker 4: the ones living it. Yes, and their opinions and their 97 00:05:29,960 --> 00:05:34,400 Speaker 4: thoughts are so incredibly important, and they're say so is 98 00:05:34,440 --> 00:05:37,680 Speaker 4: sort of the final word. And accepting that was a 99 00:05:37,720 --> 00:05:39,280 Speaker 4: big part of that shift. 100 00:05:39,440 --> 00:05:42,000 Speaker 1: Did you have an emotional part of it that you 101 00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:45,679 Speaker 1: went through that you really wasn't comfortably saying out loud 102 00:05:45,720 --> 00:05:46,200 Speaker 1: at the time. 103 00:05:46,440 --> 00:05:50,040 Speaker 3: Well, I think like all grandparents and all parents, really, 104 00:05:50,279 --> 00:05:52,040 Speaker 3: you worry. You worry about the future. 105 00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:55,679 Speaker 4: You worry about the future, and being not a parent 106 00:05:55,720 --> 00:05:59,839 Speaker 4: but a grandparent, right, worry about the future after I'm gone. 107 00:06:00,400 --> 00:06:02,880 Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, it all works. 108 00:06:02,560 --> 00:06:07,839 Speaker 4: Out well, grandparents, grandchildren and children will outlive their parents, right, 109 00:06:08,240 --> 00:06:12,960 Speaker 4: And you know, I worry about his future, my daughter's future, 110 00:06:13,160 --> 00:06:18,240 Speaker 4: and that the resources are available to support everybody and 111 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:20,599 Speaker 4: making sure that support system is in place. 112 00:06:21,120 --> 00:06:24,880 Speaker 1: There's a lot of misconception out there about autism. Many 113 00:06:25,040 --> 00:06:28,839 Speaker 1: have this perception of what they think autism is, when 114 00:06:28,960 --> 00:06:31,680 Speaker 1: in reality, it's not even close to what they thought 115 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:35,480 Speaker 1: it was. What would you tell grandparents that have this 116 00:06:35,560 --> 00:06:38,479 Speaker 1: perception of what they think autism is, and then when 117 00:06:38,520 --> 00:06:42,599 Speaker 1: they find out their perception was totally wrong, what would 118 00:06:42,640 --> 00:06:43,680 Speaker 1: you give them for advice? 119 00:06:44,279 --> 00:06:45,600 Speaker 3: I tell them a couple of things. 120 00:06:45,880 --> 00:06:49,120 Speaker 4: The first thing is, when you've met one person with autism, 121 00:06:49,400 --> 00:06:52,800 Speaker 4: you've met one person with autism. The second thing is 122 00:06:53,279 --> 00:06:56,520 Speaker 4: things will change day to day, week to week, hour 123 00:06:56,600 --> 00:06:59,640 Speaker 4: to hour. And you know things when I see my 124 00:06:59,680 --> 00:07:02,600 Speaker 4: grands so he might love certain things and he might 125 00:07:02,680 --> 00:07:05,320 Speaker 4: be doing certain things, and then I meet him again 126 00:07:05,440 --> 00:07:08,680 Speaker 4: and it might be a completely different situation. And that's okay. 127 00:07:08,960 --> 00:07:11,360 Speaker 4: Grandparents don't have to show up and be perfect. They 128 00:07:11,440 --> 00:07:12,360 Speaker 4: just have to show up. 129 00:07:12,640 --> 00:07:17,239 Speaker 1: Yeah, right, in your experience, what helps people move beyond 130 00:07:17,360 --> 00:07:20,960 Speaker 1: what they feel is normal. So this way they can 131 00:07:21,040 --> 00:07:24,720 Speaker 1: open themselves up to something that is completely different and 132 00:07:24,840 --> 00:07:26,960 Speaker 1: embracing a different reality. 133 00:07:27,200 --> 00:07:29,600 Speaker 4: Well, you know, there's a shift that I tell grandparents 134 00:07:29,760 --> 00:07:32,880 Speaker 4: and I tell first responders, and it's keeping in mind 135 00:07:33,680 --> 00:07:38,560 Speaker 4: that when a child or an individual is struggling, it's 136 00:07:38,640 --> 00:07:42,440 Speaker 4: not that they are giving anyone a hard time. It's 137 00:07:42,440 --> 00:07:45,400 Speaker 4: that they are having a hard time and bringing that 138 00:07:45,800 --> 00:07:49,040 Speaker 4: with you when you go to be with someone who 139 00:07:49,080 --> 00:07:53,240 Speaker 4: has autism or is neurodiverse. It really changes that conversation. 140 00:07:53,520 --> 00:07:56,920 Speaker 4: It changes the way you look at the person who 141 00:07:57,120 --> 00:07:59,440 Speaker 4: might be going through a difficult time. It changes the 142 00:07:59,480 --> 00:08:02,320 Speaker 4: way you might want to support the family. It turns 143 00:08:02,320 --> 00:08:04,480 Speaker 4: it from a defensive posture to. 144 00:08:04,520 --> 00:08:05,400 Speaker 3: One of support. 145 00:08:05,600 --> 00:08:08,920 Speaker 1: What of the most striking differences you've seen between how 146 00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:14,320 Speaker 1: older generations and today's generation understand autism and how does 147 00:08:14,320 --> 00:08:15,720 Speaker 1: it affect their acceptance? 148 00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:20,600 Speaker 4: Well, like I said, sometimes I hear comments like Gail, 149 00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:23,520 Speaker 4: she was only a little firmer with him, or if 150 00:08:23,600 --> 00:08:27,920 Speaker 4: he only you know, sent him to his room, or 151 00:08:28,160 --> 00:08:31,520 Speaker 4: and it's not the case at all, and understanding that 152 00:08:31,840 --> 00:08:34,920 Speaker 4: you know, it wasn't because the child had a vaccine, 153 00:08:35,040 --> 00:08:38,800 Speaker 4: It wasn't because somebody did something or ate something like 154 00:08:38,840 --> 00:08:45,000 Speaker 4: this is a genetic, neurological condition. There's sometimes other comorbidities involved. 155 00:08:45,160 --> 00:08:49,400 Speaker 4: And keeping that open mind, like approach everything with curiosity 156 00:08:49,520 --> 00:08:50,360 Speaker 4: for judgment. 157 00:08:50,559 --> 00:08:53,240 Speaker 3: Right. I love that saying because it really just sums 158 00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:53,560 Speaker 3: it up. 159 00:08:53,640 --> 00:08:57,760 Speaker 1: Now, you mentioned that you work with first responders as well. Yes, 160 00:08:58,080 --> 00:09:00,800 Speaker 1: I think what you're doing is great. I've had people 161 00:09:00,840 --> 00:09:04,040 Speaker 1: on here that have been former police and now they 162 00:09:04,040 --> 00:09:07,719 Speaker 1: have formed companies that go out and train police officers 163 00:09:08,040 --> 00:09:12,800 Speaker 1: how to interact with autistic individuals in high pressure situations. 164 00:09:13,280 --> 00:09:17,360 Speaker 1: What are the key mindset shifts you teach first responders 165 00:09:17,400 --> 00:09:21,720 Speaker 1: to help them recognize that autistic behaviors may look different 166 00:09:21,840 --> 00:09:25,240 Speaker 1: but aren't necessarily signs of aggression or danger. 167 00:09:25,760 --> 00:09:30,480 Speaker 4: Absolutely, it's funny because that grandparent first responder. Some people 168 00:09:30,480 --> 00:09:33,120 Speaker 4: are like, how did you connect those two? They're both 169 00:09:33,240 --> 00:09:37,679 Speaker 4: groups that have so much experience and so much you know, 170 00:09:37,760 --> 00:09:40,520 Speaker 4: in this case of police officers training, but they come 171 00:09:40,600 --> 00:09:45,160 Speaker 4: to this without the complete picture. Yeah, And in my trainings, 172 00:09:45,240 --> 00:09:47,760 Speaker 4: I try to give them the complete picture, and we 173 00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:50,720 Speaker 4: talk about, you know, someone under the influence might look 174 00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:57,240 Speaker 4: this way, but somebody who is neurodiverse might have similarities. 175 00:09:57,360 --> 00:10:00,160 Speaker 4: But the differences and these are how you can tell 176 00:10:00,200 --> 00:10:00,720 Speaker 4: the difference. 177 00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:04,280 Speaker 1: Yes, exactly. I had a father tell me about his 178 00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:07,560 Speaker 1: autistic son. He was walking down the street. He was 179 00:10:07,679 --> 00:10:10,120 Speaker 1: just a happy guy. He was walking down the street, 180 00:10:10,280 --> 00:10:14,040 Speaker 1: listen to music, just flapping in his arms. Unfortunately, they 181 00:10:14,080 --> 00:10:16,360 Speaker 1: thought he was high, so they took him down to 182 00:10:16,400 --> 00:10:19,120 Speaker 1: the local precinct. As luck would have it, they called 183 00:10:19,160 --> 00:10:21,960 Speaker 1: the dad. He went down to the precinct, explained to 184 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:25,480 Speaker 1: them that he was autistic and everything turned out just fine. 185 00:10:25,960 --> 00:10:30,400 Speaker 1: How do you tell these first responders, because it's really 186 00:10:30,400 --> 00:10:33,160 Speaker 1: they've got only seconds sometimes to make a decision on 187 00:10:33,200 --> 00:10:37,040 Speaker 1: what to do. They've got to make a decision on 188 00:10:37,480 --> 00:10:40,199 Speaker 1: how to handle this person that's in front of them 189 00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:43,120 Speaker 1: that maybe having a meltdown, and then in ten or 190 00:10:43,160 --> 00:10:45,920 Speaker 1: fifteen minutes it'll be fine. But they've got to define 191 00:10:45,920 --> 00:10:48,640 Speaker 1: that and figure it out and know how to defuse that. 192 00:10:48,840 --> 00:10:51,199 Speaker 1: So how do you help them learn how to first 193 00:10:51,240 --> 00:10:54,680 Speaker 1: spot it, then when they spot it, diffuse it. Well. 194 00:10:54,800 --> 00:10:58,400 Speaker 4: We talk a lot about communication issues, We talk about 195 00:10:58,679 --> 00:11:04,520 Speaker 4: eye contact, about the fact that this person might not 196 00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:09,640 Speaker 4: be aggressing towards you in the same way that somebody 197 00:11:09,640 --> 00:11:12,320 Speaker 4: who is under the influence or somebody who now intent 198 00:11:12,640 --> 00:11:16,000 Speaker 4: would be. I respect police officers and the fact that 199 00:11:16,040 --> 00:11:19,040 Speaker 4: they have to make these split second decisions. And I'm 200 00:11:19,040 --> 00:11:21,840 Speaker 4: not saying that my training is a cure all, but 201 00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:26,120 Speaker 4: I certainly think that going into a crisis situation with 202 00:11:26,280 --> 00:11:29,720 Speaker 4: some basic knowledge about what they should be looking for 203 00:11:30,040 --> 00:11:34,000 Speaker 4: can be very helpful. I think that understanding that you know, 204 00:11:34,120 --> 00:11:38,040 Speaker 4: police lights, sound sirens, these are the sensory issues that 205 00:11:38,120 --> 00:11:43,040 Speaker 4: can really exacerbate a situation. I tell them about the 206 00:11:43,040 --> 00:11:45,319 Speaker 4: Blue envelope program. Are you familiar with it? 207 00:11:45,760 --> 00:11:48,200 Speaker 1: Yes, I've heard of that. Can you explain it to 208 00:11:48,320 --> 00:11:49,040 Speaker 1: our listeners? 209 00:11:49,480 --> 00:11:49,760 Speaker 3: Sure? 210 00:11:49,920 --> 00:11:53,880 Speaker 4: The blue envelope program is a blue envelope many towns 211 00:11:53,920 --> 00:11:56,240 Speaker 4: will provide to you. I know in my area here 212 00:11:56,240 --> 00:11:59,280 Speaker 4: in New Jersey were very involved with the Blue Envelope program. 213 00:11:59,320 --> 00:12:01,960 Speaker 4: And a person on the spectrum who might be driving 214 00:12:01,960 --> 00:12:05,840 Speaker 4: a car, we'll keep their insurance papers they're licensed in 215 00:12:05,840 --> 00:12:08,880 Speaker 4: this blue envelope. And on one side of the envelope it says, 216 00:12:09,000 --> 00:12:11,719 Speaker 4: if you were pulled over by a police officer, this 217 00:12:11,760 --> 00:12:14,240 Speaker 4: is what you do, and give some instructions to the person. 218 00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:16,880 Speaker 4: But then they take the envelope out of their glove box, 219 00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:19,440 Speaker 4: give it to the police officer, and there may be 220 00:12:19,559 --> 00:12:23,480 Speaker 4: information about that person, and it indicates that the person 221 00:12:23,679 --> 00:12:27,400 Speaker 4: has autism, so that the police officer knows, okay, this 222 00:12:27,480 --> 00:12:31,320 Speaker 4: person has autism and needs a different type of support 223 00:12:31,640 --> 00:12:34,520 Speaker 4: than I would provide somebody who you know, I was 224 00:12:34,520 --> 00:12:37,720 Speaker 4: pulling over for speeding, who was aggressing towards me. 225 00:12:37,960 --> 00:12:41,280 Speaker 1: How long is a typical class for your first responders? 226 00:12:41,920 --> 00:12:45,840 Speaker 4: Actually, they're pretty customized trainings. I do them online and 227 00:12:45,880 --> 00:12:46,280 Speaker 4: in person. 228 00:12:46,400 --> 00:12:49,720 Speaker 2: Oh okay, yeah, yeah, what about in person? 229 00:12:50,200 --> 00:12:54,319 Speaker 4: In person, they start at ninety minutes. Okay, do half 230 00:12:54,400 --> 00:12:59,160 Speaker 4: day trainings, full day workshops, and they're really structured around 231 00:12:59,240 --> 00:13:00,720 Speaker 4: the needs of the community. 232 00:13:01,040 --> 00:13:04,040 Speaker 1: Yeah. I had a former police officer. He was training 233 00:13:04,120 --> 00:13:07,920 Speaker 1: first responders on how to interact with the autistic community. 234 00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:09,920 Speaker 1: The captain tried to get him to do it at 235 00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:12,240 Speaker 1: roll call and he said, no, I won't do anything 236 00:13:12,360 --> 00:13:15,400 Speaker 1: less than four hours because they have to really learn 237 00:13:15,440 --> 00:13:17,959 Speaker 1: the differences, and that's something you can't do in a 238 00:13:18,080 --> 00:13:19,319 Speaker 1: short period of times. 239 00:13:19,679 --> 00:13:23,240 Speaker 4: Yeah, and so those type of trainings might involve some 240 00:13:23,320 --> 00:13:28,680 Speaker 4: physical de escalation techniques, I involve like a more comprehensive 241 00:13:28,920 --> 00:13:29,880 Speaker 4: type of program. 242 00:13:29,920 --> 00:13:31,320 Speaker 2: Sure, but I think. 243 00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:34,560 Speaker 4: That if you're not providing police officers with that level, 244 00:13:34,760 --> 00:13:40,240 Speaker 4: providing them with some solid basic knowledge of easy to 245 00:13:40,400 --> 00:13:44,600 Speaker 4: remember strategies and concepts that they can just take right 246 00:13:44,600 --> 00:13:46,480 Speaker 4: into the field is important. 247 00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:47,120 Speaker 3: It's crucial. 248 00:13:47,679 --> 00:13:51,559 Speaker 1: In the classroom, you'll learn certain things from different autistic 249 00:13:51,679 --> 00:13:56,360 Speaker 1: kids and how they handle different situations. What have you 250 00:13:56,559 --> 00:14:01,440 Speaker 1: learned from your grandson, Because everybody can learned something from somebody, 251 00:14:01,480 --> 00:14:03,880 Speaker 1: So what'spend your learning curve with him? 252 00:14:04,480 --> 00:14:08,680 Speaker 4: What I have learned astounds me each time, is that 253 00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:13,040 Speaker 4: living in the moment and not worrying about what tomorrow 254 00:14:13,080 --> 00:14:16,080 Speaker 4: will bring or what happened to you yesterday, and just 255 00:14:16,160 --> 00:14:18,880 Speaker 4: living in the moment and doing what makes you happy 256 00:14:18,960 --> 00:14:21,920 Speaker 4: and finding joy and what makes you happy is something 257 00:14:21,960 --> 00:14:22,640 Speaker 4: that I've learned. 258 00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:25,120 Speaker 1: Yeah, and now how old is he now? He is 259 00:14:25,240 --> 00:14:27,440 Speaker 1: eight eight? What age was he diagnosed? 260 00:14:27,680 --> 00:14:29,200 Speaker 3: He was diagnosed around. 261 00:14:28,920 --> 00:14:31,920 Speaker 2: Four four Okay, is he verbals? 262 00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:38,080 Speaker 4: It's astounding because at four five six his verbal capabilities 263 00:14:38,120 --> 00:14:41,600 Speaker 4: were so, so, very limited, But just recently he has 264 00:14:41,680 --> 00:14:44,760 Speaker 4: become much more verbal. He's advocating for himself. You know, 265 00:14:44,760 --> 00:14:46,840 Speaker 4: if he's thirsty, he might ask you for a drink, 266 00:14:46,880 --> 00:14:50,360 Speaker 4: and he has his talker to support his communication. 267 00:14:50,080 --> 00:14:52,880 Speaker 2: Right, right, Is that through an iPad? Yes? 268 00:14:53,160 --> 00:14:54,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, I've heard a lot of those, and I've heard 269 00:14:54,640 --> 00:14:55,520 Speaker 1: they work really well. 270 00:14:56,040 --> 00:14:56,280 Speaker 3: Yeah. 271 00:14:56,440 --> 00:14:59,520 Speaker 4: You know, not everybody will understand him all the time. 272 00:14:59,560 --> 00:15:01,640 Speaker 4: We underst stand because we were with them all the time. 273 00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:03,600 Speaker 4: But if he is out in the community, or even 274 00:15:03,600 --> 00:15:06,200 Speaker 4: if our my students are out in the community, they 275 00:15:06,200 --> 00:15:09,480 Speaker 4: will have a device so that if they're ordering a 276 00:15:09,600 --> 00:15:12,480 Speaker 4: burger at a burger place and the person behind the 277 00:15:12,480 --> 00:15:15,200 Speaker 4: counter does not understand what they're saying, they can take 278 00:15:15,240 --> 00:15:18,480 Speaker 4: out their Tucker, and they can choose a button to communicate. 279 00:15:18,880 --> 00:15:22,960 Speaker 1: Okay, since we're talking about communication, have you learned ways 280 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:27,160 Speaker 1: of communicating with your grandson versus the kids that you 281 00:15:27,160 --> 00:15:28,720 Speaker 1: would have in your classroom. 282 00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:30,680 Speaker 2: How does that differ for you. 283 00:15:31,200 --> 00:15:33,240 Speaker 4: That's a really good question, and I think it goes 284 00:15:33,320 --> 00:15:36,840 Speaker 4: back to that original comment of like one person with autism, 285 00:15:36,920 --> 00:15:40,480 Speaker 4: they're all so so very different. I think that having 286 00:15:40,480 --> 00:15:43,880 Speaker 4: my grandson in my life as he is makes me 287 00:15:43,960 --> 00:15:46,040 Speaker 4: more relaxed around. 288 00:15:45,760 --> 00:15:46,960 Speaker 3: My students at school. 289 00:15:47,120 --> 00:15:48,920 Speaker 2: Good good, Yeah. 290 00:15:48,680 --> 00:15:52,120 Speaker 4: Yeah, I would say that it makes me more comfortable 291 00:15:52,320 --> 00:15:56,560 Speaker 4: going in and interacting with them and operating just from 292 00:15:56,560 --> 00:15:58,520 Speaker 4: a slightly shifted perspective. 293 00:15:58,960 --> 00:16:01,560 Speaker 2: Yeah. Now, you do a lot of advocacy work. What 294 00:16:01,600 --> 00:16:02,440 Speaker 2: does that entail? 295 00:16:03,160 --> 00:16:07,320 Speaker 4: It entails just what I'm doing now, talking about these issues, 296 00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:12,800 Speaker 4: bringing it into the community. I do keynote speaking, public speaking, 297 00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:19,320 Speaker 4: I have a website Jennifer Kaufman Speaks, Okay, and I 298 00:16:19,400 --> 00:16:21,520 Speaker 4: try to get the word out as much as possible. 299 00:16:21,760 --> 00:16:23,680 Speaker 4: I feel like I'm doing this for my students and 300 00:16:23,720 --> 00:16:25,280 Speaker 4: I'm doing this for Ben. 301 00:16:25,880 --> 00:16:26,160 Speaker 2: Now. 302 00:16:26,400 --> 00:16:29,360 Speaker 1: I've been doing this podcast for three years now, and 303 00:16:29,400 --> 00:16:33,520 Speaker 1: it's amazing the stories that I hear and what people 304 00:16:33,560 --> 00:16:38,080 Speaker 1: tell me, after hearing so many different voices and experiences, 305 00:16:38,640 --> 00:16:40,520 Speaker 1: what perspectives have stood out to. 306 00:16:40,520 --> 00:16:41,480 Speaker 2: You the most. 307 00:16:41,760 --> 00:16:45,239 Speaker 1: What makes them so impactful for you? 308 00:16:45,240 --> 00:16:47,120 Speaker 4: You know, I want to give a shout out to 309 00:16:47,200 --> 00:16:51,760 Speaker 4: one of the other grandparents, my daughter's husband's mother. She 310 00:16:51,880 --> 00:16:57,400 Speaker 4: does an exceptional job of educating the other family members, 311 00:16:57,800 --> 00:17:01,480 Speaker 4: particularly all of the cousins, and making sure that the 312 00:17:01,560 --> 00:17:05,200 Speaker 4: children in the family, no matter what their age, understand 313 00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:10,359 Speaker 4: that Ben communicates differently, you know, processes information differently. It's 314 00:17:10,440 --> 00:17:13,000 Speaker 4: just so cool to watch and it's so cool to 315 00:17:13,119 --> 00:17:16,120 Speaker 4: watch and be supported by his cousins who he will 316 00:17:16,160 --> 00:17:16,880 Speaker 4: grow up with. 317 00:17:17,040 --> 00:17:19,880 Speaker 1: When you compare what you see at school with what 318 00:17:19,920 --> 00:17:22,560 Speaker 1: you experience with your grandson, what are some of the 319 00:17:22,600 --> 00:17:25,840 Speaker 1: misconceptions that really stand out to you and what do 320 00:17:25,880 --> 00:17:28,680 Speaker 1: you encounter most often that you wish people would take 321 00:17:28,720 --> 00:17:30,800 Speaker 1: more time to learn more about. 322 00:17:32,600 --> 00:17:36,639 Speaker 4: We hear all sorts of things like, because parents are 323 00:17:37,200 --> 00:17:41,880 Speaker 4: grasping for straws, they're looking for solutions to their problem, 324 00:17:42,119 --> 00:17:44,760 Speaker 4: you know, not that it's a problem, but they're looking 325 00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:49,840 Speaker 4: for a solution to help fix their child. Really, autism 326 00:17:50,280 --> 00:17:53,240 Speaker 4: is a different operating system. It is just as I 327 00:17:53,240 --> 00:17:55,960 Speaker 4: wouldn't fix my apple computer to make it more like 328 00:17:56,359 --> 00:17:59,760 Speaker 4: a PC. Accepting it and learning about it and working 329 00:17:59,840 --> 00:18:02,359 Speaker 4: with in the way that it's meant to be worked 330 00:18:02,400 --> 00:18:07,480 Speaker 4: with is such a better strategy than looking for the fixes. Now, 331 00:18:07,480 --> 00:18:10,800 Speaker 4: that's not to say that there are some research based 332 00:18:11,080 --> 00:18:16,240 Speaker 4: supports that are out there, research based versus you know, 333 00:18:16,359 --> 00:18:19,520 Speaker 4: somebody said this substance is going to help you just 334 00:18:19,560 --> 00:18:22,840 Speaker 4: because the intern does. So looking at the research, talking 335 00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:27,920 Speaker 4: to your doctors, your therapists, and creating well formed opinions 336 00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:31,879 Speaker 4: before implementing any kind of strategy or support. 337 00:18:31,960 --> 00:18:32,840 Speaker 3: Is just crucial. 338 00:18:33,440 --> 00:18:37,440 Speaker 1: How do you feel that your book relates to people 339 00:18:37,840 --> 00:18:41,520 Speaker 1: versus other books that are just about autism, especially where 340 00:18:41,560 --> 00:18:44,440 Speaker 1: you're really pushing it towards the grandparents side. 341 00:18:44,800 --> 00:18:47,879 Speaker 4: Yeah, So when I became a grandparent, of course I 342 00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:51,040 Speaker 4: went to go read the research and to go read 343 00:18:51,359 --> 00:18:54,480 Speaker 4: whatever literature I could find, and there really wasn't that 344 00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:58,600 Speaker 4: much coming from the perspective of the professional as well 345 00:18:58,640 --> 00:19:02,240 Speaker 4: as the grandparent. That is what motivated me to write 346 00:19:02,320 --> 00:19:05,360 Speaker 4: this book. I hope that it would be a resource, 347 00:19:05,920 --> 00:19:09,719 Speaker 4: not in a clinical way for grandparents, then more of 348 00:19:09,760 --> 00:19:13,040 Speaker 4: a sitting down at the coffee table, chatting over a 349 00:19:13,080 --> 00:19:17,600 Speaker 4: cup of tea and talking about my experiences giving some suggestions. 350 00:19:17,680 --> 00:19:19,280 Speaker 4: You know, what do we do at holidays? What do 351 00:19:19,359 --> 00:19:21,919 Speaker 4: we do when the child visits us? What if we 352 00:19:21,960 --> 00:19:24,119 Speaker 4: live a thousand miles away from each other? There are 353 00:19:24,160 --> 00:19:25,480 Speaker 4: just some of the topics that I cover. 354 00:19:25,800 --> 00:19:27,920 Speaker 2: You've got a broader pattern. 355 00:19:28,040 --> 00:19:31,200 Speaker 1: Now, this's happening because more and more people are finding 356 00:19:31,359 --> 00:19:33,560 Speaker 1: that autism is growing. 357 00:19:33,840 --> 00:19:35,120 Speaker 2: I don't believe it's growing. 358 00:19:35,200 --> 00:19:37,600 Speaker 1: I think it's just we're becoming more aware of it 359 00:19:37,680 --> 00:19:40,400 Speaker 1: and we're becoming more clinical. So there's a reason why 360 00:19:40,480 --> 00:19:42,239 Speaker 1: we went from one in one hundred to one and 361 00:19:42,280 --> 00:19:45,560 Speaker 1: thirty one is because we've gained knowledge. And when you 362 00:19:45,600 --> 00:19:48,359 Speaker 1: gain knowledge, you are able to see more things and 363 00:19:48,480 --> 00:19:52,919 Speaker 1: understand them. So what do you feel that connects the 364 00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:57,480 Speaker 1: grandparents in ways that other grandparents might not connect because 365 00:19:57,920 --> 00:20:01,600 Speaker 1: they starting to get that liding experience of what autism is. 366 00:20:02,240 --> 00:20:04,600 Speaker 4: I think that it's funny when I when I do, 367 00:20:04,960 --> 00:20:06,600 Speaker 4: I might go to a library and speak to a 368 00:20:06,600 --> 00:20:10,000 Speaker 4: group of grandparents and I find that there are a 369 00:20:10,080 --> 00:20:14,200 Speaker 4: lot of tears. And it's not tears of sadness as 370 00:20:14,359 --> 00:20:17,960 Speaker 4: much as they are tears of being heard. Hey, great, 371 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:21,000 Speaker 4: we're grandparents. We're all you know grandparents Because our kids 372 00:20:21,080 --> 00:20:24,520 Speaker 4: had kids, But when it's our kids had kids with autism, 373 00:20:24,960 --> 00:20:27,800 Speaker 4: you just sort of feel isolated and alone fresh And 374 00:20:27,840 --> 00:20:30,800 Speaker 4: then I get from talking to people after my workshops, 375 00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:34,720 Speaker 4: after my talks, is that they don't feel alone anymore. 376 00:20:35,359 --> 00:20:38,600 Speaker 1: One of the most common things I hear is when 377 00:20:38,800 --> 00:20:42,639 Speaker 1: a young set of parents have a child, they find 378 00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:46,240 Speaker 1: out the child is autistic. They are so afraid because 379 00:20:46,320 --> 00:20:49,679 Speaker 1: it's the big unknown. They don't know what it is. 380 00:20:50,040 --> 00:20:54,480 Speaker 1: They probably don't have any communication with other autistic parents, 381 00:20:54,920 --> 00:20:58,919 Speaker 1: and now they're thrust full force into the autistic community. 382 00:20:59,400 --> 00:21:02,800 Speaker 1: How have you found the grandparents where they're in a 383 00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:07,480 Speaker 1: very similar situation, Like you said, they feel like they're alone. 384 00:21:08,200 --> 00:21:11,320 Speaker 1: Have you found that the grandparents feeling that way? 385 00:21:11,320 --> 00:21:12,880 Speaker 2: Have they mirrored what. 386 00:21:12,840 --> 00:21:16,920 Speaker 1: Their kids feel or do you feel a different approach 387 00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:17,800 Speaker 1: from them. 388 00:21:18,280 --> 00:21:19,560 Speaker 3: I think it's a little of each. 389 00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:22,160 Speaker 4: I think that some of them will pick up those 390 00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:25,119 Speaker 4: signals and listen to what their kids are saying and 391 00:21:25,280 --> 00:21:28,000 Speaker 4: accept it and go with it. But then there are 392 00:21:28,080 --> 00:21:31,400 Speaker 4: others who might think that they know better or might 393 00:21:31,440 --> 00:21:33,560 Speaker 4: think that well, I you know, I read this, or 394 00:21:33,600 --> 00:21:36,840 Speaker 4: my friend told me that, and sometimes the information is 395 00:21:36,840 --> 00:21:41,360 Speaker 4: not helpful and not accepting the parents, as the authority 396 00:21:41,440 --> 00:21:45,000 Speaker 4: in the situation, can really put up some walls in 397 00:21:45,080 --> 00:21:48,640 Speaker 4: terms of communication parents of kids who have autism. They're 398 00:21:48,760 --> 00:21:52,720 Speaker 4: hearing advice not only from their doctors and from the 399 00:21:52,720 --> 00:21:55,840 Speaker 4: therapists that the kids have, but also from the grocery 400 00:21:55,880 --> 00:21:59,119 Speaker 4: store cashier and from the online communities. And they're just 401 00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:03,800 Speaker 4: hearing it advice from everybody. And now here's a grandparent, 402 00:22:04,040 --> 00:22:07,000 Speaker 4: here's my mom, or here's my dad, And now they're 403 00:22:07,119 --> 00:22:10,960 Speaker 4: giving me unsolicited advice. And I remember I said unsolicited 404 00:22:11,040 --> 00:22:14,720 Speaker 4: because it's okay to have conversations and provide your thoughts. 405 00:22:14,960 --> 00:22:20,679 Speaker 4: What unsolicited advice and you should and you need to 406 00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:22,240 Speaker 4: really just build walls. 407 00:22:22,320 --> 00:22:24,240 Speaker 3: And I talk a lot about that in my book. 408 00:22:24,520 --> 00:22:27,879 Speaker 1: Now, you've been a teacher, you've worked with autistic kids, 409 00:22:28,280 --> 00:22:31,520 Speaker 1: so you're a little bit different. But I still feel 410 00:22:31,680 --> 00:22:35,080 Speaker 1: this is a good relative question for you. How is 411 00:22:35,119 --> 00:22:39,520 Speaker 1: this journey with your grandson now that he's been diagnosed autistic. 412 00:22:40,119 --> 00:22:42,639 Speaker 1: How has it changed the way that you might have 413 00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:46,400 Speaker 1: perceived autism? And then how has it changed the way 414 00:22:46,440 --> 00:22:47,520 Speaker 1: that you see people? 415 00:22:47,840 --> 00:22:48,080 Speaker 3: Oh? 416 00:22:48,160 --> 00:22:52,560 Speaker 4: Interesting, So in terms of how I see autism, I 417 00:22:52,600 --> 00:22:54,639 Speaker 4: think it goes back to that twenty four to seven 418 00:22:54,800 --> 00:22:57,399 Speaker 4: type of thing. You know, you hear it's a rough road. 419 00:22:57,680 --> 00:22:59,640 Speaker 4: And you know, if I have him in my house 420 00:22:59,680 --> 00:23:02,760 Speaker 4: for three days, I'm literally exhausted in the end of 421 00:23:02,800 --> 00:23:05,359 Speaker 4: the time because you just don't know what's coming at you. 422 00:23:05,600 --> 00:23:09,400 Speaker 4: In terms of people, I think it's solidified my belief 423 00:23:09,960 --> 00:23:13,760 Speaker 4: that there are really good people. There are also people 424 00:23:13,800 --> 00:23:17,239 Speaker 4: with very closed minds who have a tendency to not 425 00:23:17,480 --> 00:23:20,080 Speaker 4: be so nice, and we've come across that. I'll tell 426 00:23:20,119 --> 00:23:22,920 Speaker 4: you I was never more proud of my daughter when 427 00:23:22,960 --> 00:23:27,280 Speaker 4: I saw a man say something to the table when 428 00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:30,560 Speaker 4: we were out to lunch because my grandson was loud. 429 00:23:30,640 --> 00:23:34,399 Speaker 4: He was having some vocalizations, and he came over and 430 00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:36,840 Speaker 4: he said something like that kid needs to be hit 431 00:23:37,040 --> 00:23:41,200 Speaker 4: or it's something terrible, and he walked away. And at 432 00:23:41,200 --> 00:23:43,399 Speaker 4: the end of the meal, I watched my daughter so 433 00:23:43,680 --> 00:23:46,720 Speaker 4: gracefully get up and walk over to his table where 434 00:23:46,760 --> 00:23:48,840 Speaker 4: he was eating with his wife and say to him, 435 00:23:49,160 --> 00:23:52,760 Speaker 4: we've worked very hard to get ben into a restaurant 436 00:23:52,920 --> 00:23:55,560 Speaker 4: and now we're here and we're enjoying our lunch, and 437 00:23:55,600 --> 00:23:58,840 Speaker 4: you said such a terrible thing. You know think I 438 00:23:58,840 --> 00:24:00,800 Speaker 4: think the parting shot was you have the day you 439 00:24:00,880 --> 00:24:05,320 Speaker 4: deserve goodbye. But you know, I speak because I hope 440 00:24:05,320 --> 00:24:08,600 Speaker 4: that somebody will hear the message and that they'll shift 441 00:24:08,680 --> 00:24:11,800 Speaker 4: their perspective and the way they see situations when a 442 00:24:11,880 --> 00:24:14,040 Speaker 4: child might be having a behavior or might be having 443 00:24:14,080 --> 00:24:14,880 Speaker 4: a vocalization. 444 00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:15,679 Speaker 3: Yeah. 445 00:24:15,800 --> 00:24:18,879 Speaker 2: Yeah, So what matters most now. 446 00:24:19,080 --> 00:24:23,920 Speaker 4: What matters most now is inclusion. Okay, what matters most 447 00:24:24,040 --> 00:24:30,040 Speaker 4: now is creating schools, environments, playgrounds, people that will include 448 00:24:30,320 --> 00:24:32,080 Speaker 4: people who are different. 449 00:24:32,359 --> 00:24:34,479 Speaker 2: Yeah. I love that. Okay. One last question. 450 00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:37,560 Speaker 1: When your grandchild looks back one day, how do you 451 00:24:37,600 --> 00:24:38,560 Speaker 1: hope they remember you? 452 00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:42,320 Speaker 3: I hope. Well that gets me choked up. 453 00:24:43,359 --> 00:24:47,440 Speaker 4: I hope they remember me as someone who accepted them 454 00:24:47,600 --> 00:24:51,240 Speaker 4: for who they were and how much we laughed together. 455 00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:54,560 Speaker 1: Good, good, Well, this has been great. I really appreciate 456 00:24:54,560 --> 00:24:55,960 Speaker 1: you taking the time to come on. 457 00:24:56,440 --> 00:24:58,680 Speaker 3: Thank you, Thank you so much. I appreciate it. 458 00:24:58,880 --> 00:25:02,080 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, one more thing, give us your contact information 459 00:25:02,240 --> 00:25:03,040 Speaker 1: one more time. 460 00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:03,720 Speaker 3: Sure. 461 00:25:04,760 --> 00:25:07,600 Speaker 4: Jennifer Kaufman Speaks is where you can learn more about 462 00:25:07,600 --> 00:25:13,040 Speaker 4: my speaking engagements. Maybe I'll be in your area. Grandparenting 463 00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:17,439 Speaker 4: on the Spectrum dot com is my grandparenting website and 464 00:25:17,480 --> 00:25:22,440 Speaker 4: First Response Autism dot Com is my first responder please website. 465 00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:25,960 Speaker 1: Well again, thanks I really appreciate you taking the time. 466 00:25:26,480 --> 00:25:29,399 Speaker 3: Yep. Absolutely, it was a pleasure speaking with you. 467 00:25:29,760 --> 00:25:34,000 Speaker 1: Yes, my pleasure as well. Thanks again, hey, sincere. Thank 468 00:25:34,040 --> 00:25:36,600 Speaker 1: you to our guests for sharing their journey with us today. 469 00:25:37,440 --> 00:25:40,679 Speaker 1: We appreciate their honesty, courage, and willingness to open their 470 00:25:40,720 --> 00:25:44,760 Speaker 1: heart in hopes of helping others. If today's conversation helped 471 00:25:44,800 --> 00:25:48,240 Speaker 1: you see the world a little differently, then we've accomplished 472 00:25:48,400 --> 00:25:52,119 Speaker 1: exactly what we set out to do. Until next time, 473 00:25:52,840 --> 00:25:58,400 Speaker 1: keep believing, keep learning, and most importantly, keep asking yourself, 474 00:25:59,160 --> 00:25:59,760 Speaker 1: why not me?