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Speaker 1: Brought to you by Toyota. Let's go places. Welcome to

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Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know Works dot Com. Hey, and welcome

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Speaker 1: to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's Charles W. Chuff Bryant,

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Speaker 1: and it's You Should Know Rainy Edition is the Rainy

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Speaker 1: How appropriate that we're doing this one today because it

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Speaker 1: has been raining in Atlanta for forty days and forty nights.

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Speaker 1: It seems like it really has been. I've been breaking

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Speaker 1: up the duck boots. Man, it's almost never wear those

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Speaker 1: because it's not that rain. But well, yeah, sure it

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Speaker 1: is as well, dude, we're in the midst of like

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Speaker 1: a ten year drought. You know, we're still in drought

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Speaker 1: level conditions. Yeah, and then tomorrow it says maybe even

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Speaker 1: snow in the northern suburbs. That would be nice chance

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Speaker 1: of rain or snow. Um. You know, despite all this rame,

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Speaker 1: we still learn a drought condition and we haven't for

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Speaker 1: a while. You remember we're back in two thousand seven, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: when Sonny Purdue was the governor. They held in an

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Speaker 1: official state prayer for rain, where Governor Purdue led a

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Speaker 1: prayer for rain, saying like God, please rain, for the

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Speaker 1: love of God, for the love of you please make

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Speaker 1: your rain. Yeah, and it rained. Um. I think a

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Speaker 1: lot of that had to do with the fact that

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Speaker 1: he held that prayer on the night before it was

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Speaker 1: calling for chance of rain. I don't remember it raining

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Speaker 1: the next day. Yeah, rain the next day, and people

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Speaker 1: were said, Oh, my goodness, God made it rain, Sonny

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Speaker 1: produce the magic rain. Yeah, Mother Nature at work. So, um,

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Speaker 1: you've got people praying for rain. You have the rain dance, um. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: which is really hard to find any information on these days,

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Speaker 1: but apparently the Pueblo had a pretty cool rain dance

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Speaker 1: because you know, they lived in the southwest for it

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Speaker 1: was very dry, so they knew what they were doing. Um.

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Speaker 1: And then there's something that I discovered today called the

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Speaker 1: Papa ruta, which is from um Romania, and basically, a

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Speaker 1: girl from a village would run around wearing like a

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Speaker 1: skirt with um made of like vines and branches, and

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Speaker 1: she would go um dancing through the streets of the

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Speaker 1: village and then go house to house and then when

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Speaker 1: she was greeted at the door of each house, people

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Speaker 1: would pour water on her and she would just continue

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Speaker 1: dancing and people would be playing music and um. Eventually

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Speaker 1: it would hopefully rain. Eventually that would evolve into the

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Speaker 1: wet t shirt contest at the Animal City Beach. I

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Speaker 1: guess that's probably where it came from. Who knew. Yeah, which,

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Speaker 1: of course you referenced the fact that Panama City Beach

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Speaker 1: was settled by Romanian settlers. Uh so Yeah, for a change,

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Speaker 1: we're talking about the weather and it's not uh, some

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Speaker 1: little boring chit chat. You know what I'm saying. You

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Speaker 1: don't think this was boring chit chat. It's legit is.

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Speaker 1: You know, usually when you're like, oh, you know, it's

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Speaker 1: raining here, it's just a very boring way to say.

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Speaker 1: I have not much to say what I'm saying. Let's

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Speaker 1: see what this is actual. Yeah, it is. Uh, we're

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Speaker 1: saying that. Um. Because we're talking about weather modification. You

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Speaker 1: could say that rain dance was an early attempt at

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Speaker 1: it um and then in the early twentieth century people

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Speaker 1: started to try to apply science to it. And there

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Speaker 1: were some pretty cool attempts early on by very smart

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Speaker 1: guys from like Harvard and M I. T. And a

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Speaker 1: Dutch guy um to basically either make it rain, to

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Speaker 1: make it stop raining, or to deter some other kind

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Speaker 1: of weather phenomenon like fog or hurricanes were tornadoes. Actually

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Speaker 1: those came along a little later. But fog, I think

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Speaker 1: you have down in They were trying to dispad fog. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: a guy named Professor Henry G. Houghton of m I

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Speaker 1: T Yeah. I think my favorite is the Harvard guy,

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Speaker 1: Professor Emory Leon Chaffe. It sounds like he's be from

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Speaker 1: the University of the South. Yeah. Well, he was flying

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Speaker 1: around in a plane in nine um with charge sand

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Speaker 1: whatever the heck that is. Well, I think it's saying

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Speaker 1: that you apply an electrical current too. Ye, you'd do

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Speaker 1: something through its eons, right, And he was dumping into

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Speaker 1: the clouds and actually he was definitely onto something. I

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Speaker 1: don't know where he figured that out, but he um was.

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Speaker 1: I guess you could say the grandfather of cloud seating then, yeah,

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Speaker 1: grand Grandpa Chaffee, all right, And things were kind of

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Speaker 1: humming along a little bit until um, Kurt Vonnie gets

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Speaker 1: older brother Bernie Bernard, Doctor Bernard really took it by

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Speaker 1: the horns and made some headway as far as cloud

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Speaker 1: seating and actually controlling the weather in the mid nine right.

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Speaker 1: I guess he was researching that for ge and he

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Speaker 1: figured out that silver iodide has virtually the same distance

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Speaker 1: between um points and its crystal lattice structure as ice.

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Speaker 1: So he said, you know what, all bet, this would

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Speaker 1: be a really good stand in for ice formation. So

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Speaker 1: if you put it into clouds, maybe it would make

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Speaker 1: ice form. Yeah, and he even figured out how to

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Speaker 1: generate it, right, yeah, Yeah, He's like, not only that,

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Speaker 1: this is an all theoretical I'm a Vonn again, So

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna just go the extra mile. You don't know,

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Speaker 1: my little brother yet dreaming knocked out by his book

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Speaker 1: and people are going to try to band t shirts

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Speaker 1: with his quotes on it during Bamned Books Week. The

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Speaker 1: irony is going to be lousing. So what's what's the process. Uh.

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Speaker 1: While the process of creating it, he dissolves a mixture

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Speaker 1: of or we're gonna call it a g I. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: of a g I um an acetone, which is also

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Speaker 1: id out is that right? Oh? Another with acetone? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the acetone is flammable. You can spray that through a nozzle,

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Speaker 1: make the tiny little droplets. They burn those droplets up,

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Speaker 1: and then that really makes it more efficient. One gram

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Speaker 1: of a g I can then produce one hundred quadrillion

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Speaker 1: nuclei for the ice crystals. So you take that stuff,

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Speaker 1: you put it up in the clouds, it goes up.

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Speaker 1: That's right. And it actually, according to Vonnegut's theories, um

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Speaker 1: has a number of effects. Uh, and here's how it works. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: this is regular confuse. Okay, this is what the segments

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Speaker 1: we like to call Josh teaches Chuck in addition to

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Speaker 1: the world Okay, you're ready. So you think that zero

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Speaker 1: degrees celsius or thirty two degrees fahrenheit is where ice freezes.

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Speaker 1: It is, That's what they always say. This is actually

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Speaker 1: the melting point of ice. So ice ice um freezes

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Speaker 1: between zero and negative thirty nine degrees celsius um. And

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Speaker 1: it depends on the number of impurities, which will call nuclei.

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Speaker 1: And when we're talking nuclei, when you're talking about cloud seating,

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Speaker 1: you're talking about any particle that can attract water to

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Speaker 1: become a rain drop, that can attract water, vapor and

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Speaker 1: turning into ice through sublimation um and become snow or

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Speaker 1: leat or anything like that. So a nuclei is anything

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Speaker 1: that you introduced into a cloud that becomes the center

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Speaker 1: of this precipitation right, See that already makes more sense. Okay,

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Speaker 1: So with there's two types of clouds as far as

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Speaker 1: Vonne Gets concerned, um or as technique is concerned, there

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Speaker 1: is a super cool cloud which has water um that

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Speaker 1: is less than zero degrees celsius present, and that's the

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Speaker 1: ideal cloud for cloud seating, correct for one type of

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Speaker 1: cloud seating for using silver iodide, Because what you're trying

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Speaker 1: to do there is create ice. And if you're using

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Speaker 1: silver idide, which has a similar structure to ice crystals, UM,

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Speaker 1: you're going to use that in the super cool one,

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Speaker 1: because if you use it in the other type, the

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Speaker 1: warm cloud, it's not going to do anything because it's

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Speaker 1: not going to form ice no matter what. The temperature

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Speaker 1: is too high. But you can still see the warm

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Speaker 1: cloud Correctly, you can't. So you use a silver iodide

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Speaker 1: vonne Gets method is still in use today UM. Where

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Speaker 1: you're burning silver eyedide mixed an acid tone. You create

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Speaker 1: quadrillions of nuclei that float up into the cloud, create

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Speaker 1: um an updraft. Because check this out, this is even

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Speaker 1: more beautiful. When the silver iodide nuclei enter the cloud,

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Speaker 1: they start to attract the water vapor and as the

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Speaker 1: water vapor converts from vapor, not turning back into liquid

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Speaker 1: because it's sublimation, that's right. Converts from liquid or vapor

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Speaker 1: into ice. It creates heat energy as a result. It

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Speaker 1: doesn't create it. It heat energy. It comes about right. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And as that happens, that creates a convective current going

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Speaker 1: up in the cloud, which creates a swirl and updraft,

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Speaker 1: which makes the cloud bigger, which means that the stuff,

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Speaker 1: the particles that happened at the top have longer to

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Speaker 1: fall through to create more ice, accumulate more ice, and

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Speaker 1: have a better chance of becoming snow. So that's the

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Speaker 1: super cool cloud using silver iodide, so the cloud is

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Speaker 1: literally pregnant with precipitation. Yeah, that not only creates snow

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Speaker 1: and ice, but actually makes a cloud bigger to increase

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Speaker 1: the likelihood that it will produce snow and ice. Just

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Speaker 1: by introducing silver iodide bonding. It was a genius. The

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Speaker 1: other way is to do to use a warm cloud,

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Speaker 1: which is a cloud where the water temperature the air

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Speaker 1: temperature is over zero decreased celsius. That's right, And then

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Speaker 1: that is pretty simple. Is use table salt really or

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Speaker 1: sand charge otherwise, but you want to dump that into

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Speaker 1: the top of the cloud, right, and it requires dumping

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Speaker 1: a lot of it too. Is that one of the

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Speaker 1: problems with it. Yeah, I mean, it's just there's more

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Speaker 1: to it. If you're doing UM, if you're using bonning

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Speaker 1: its method, you can use the seating station on the ground.

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Speaker 1: If you're if you're using static cloud seating where you're

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Speaker 1: flying overhead and dropping stuff into the clouds. UM, you

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Speaker 1: have to have a plane, you have to have a

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Speaker 1: lot more of it. But what you're using is called

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Speaker 1: a high high groscopic solution, which attracts water create rain

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Speaker 1: drops which fall through the cloud, becoming bigger and bigger

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Speaker 1: on the way and then bam, you have a rain.

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Speaker 1: You've just seated a cloud. That's amazing. So ge did

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Speaker 1: have a plane UM in nine or at least the

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Speaker 1: articles as they rented an airplane because it did ano

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Speaker 1: their own and they said we should try this out,

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Speaker 1: and they released dry ice into these clouds for four

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Speaker 1: days UH in November December, and on the last day

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Speaker 1: they received the heaviest snowfall of that winter. UM and

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Speaker 1: the Arab New York's Schenectady, New York. But there's been

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Speaker 1: a lot of well, we'll get to whether or not

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Speaker 1: the stuff works at the very end. But it seems

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Speaker 1: like every time it happens, people are saying, I think

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Speaker 1: we might have caused that, and other people think, yeah,

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Speaker 1: but did we really? Were you guys just cloud seating

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Speaker 1: enough so that over enough days that it was bound

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Speaker 1: rain anyway, like the government Georgia praying for rain the

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Speaker 1: night before it's supposed to rain exactly. Um. So GE

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Speaker 1: was convinced enough that this was working that it's it

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Speaker 1: was like, we can't do this anymore. And the Army said, hey,

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Speaker 1: we have a bunch of money on don't you let

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Speaker 1: us in on this. And we have a bunch of

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Speaker 1: money and low scruples because we're about to start testing

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Speaker 1: acid on people whether they like it or not. So

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Speaker 1: cloud seating is like nothing to us. And GE said, Okay,

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Speaker 1: as long as you guys are totally liable, sure we'll

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Speaker 1: do it with you. So they partnered up for Project

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Speaker 1: syrus Um and seven. In October forty seven, they dumped

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Speaker 1: a hundred and eighty pounds of dry eyes into a

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Speaker 1: hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean and possibly changed the direction

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Speaker 1: of that hurricane to make landfall right here in Georgia

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Speaker 1: UH and end up killing several people. So that was

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Speaker 1: sort of an oops. Although again they're like, did we

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Speaker 1: really cause that? Well, the guy who was Bernard vonne

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Speaker 1: gets boss Irving Langmuir, he's a Nobel winning chemist. He

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Speaker 1: was totally convinced. According to him, there's a probability that

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Speaker 1: they had caused this hurricane to change um direction. I

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Speaker 1: think he felt a lot about himself, didn't he He did.

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Speaker 1: He was always like, no, that was us, and he

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Speaker 1: would publish papers like that and the government would step

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Speaker 1: in and be like, you, this paper doesn't exist anymore.

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Speaker 1: Do you want us to like grease you? Are you

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Speaker 1: trying to push our buttons? Um? But there was another

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Speaker 1: scientists who pointed out that that same that a hurricane

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Speaker 1: followed the exact same path caused about the same amount

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Speaker 1: of damage in nineteen o six. So was it the

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Speaker 1: dry ice? Was it not? Who knows? So he just

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Speaker 1: compared it to an older hurricane, said this could have

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Speaker 1: happened naturally. They did the same thing in UH in Albuquerque,

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Speaker 1: New Mexico, in nineteen forty eight. In July nineteen and

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Speaker 1: apparently it rained all over the state of New Mexico

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Speaker 1: and as far away as Kansas, causing oh actually that

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Speaker 1: was later, but the same deal from New Mexico. They

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Speaker 1: think they made it rain in Kansas to the point

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Speaker 1: where like the great floods of Kansas in adjacent states

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Speaker 1: they thought, man, could it have traveled that far? Well,

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Speaker 1: that was another things Langmuir was convinced about that, like

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Speaker 1: they had impregnated clouds that traveled the thousand kilometers away. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and enough that he was like, we have to stop

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Speaker 1: doing this. And Bernard vonne Get testified to Congress like

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Speaker 1: nobody should be doing this except maybe a federal government. Right.

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Speaker 1: But then other expert medialogist came out and said, you

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Speaker 1: know what, this whole thing in Kansas, if there was

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Speaker 1: any effect at all, it might have been just slightly enhanced.

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Speaker 1: So it's really not all your fault. So the the U.

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Speaker 1: S Government is is very much interested in this. They're

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Speaker 1: very much entrenched in this, even as there not sure

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Speaker 1: whether or not it's working, or the scientific community is

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Speaker 1: at odds over whether or not it was working. But

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Speaker 1: the US government was convinced enough that they were basically

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Speaker 1: weaponizing the weather. They're doing all this to figure out

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Speaker 1: how to screw with other countries, troops, economies, the whole shebang,

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Speaker 1: and as the US for carrying out tests. So were

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Speaker 1: the Brits right, yeah, the Royal Air Force of course,

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Speaker 1: if we had our project serious, they had operational cumulus.

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Speaker 1: Very clever to think of all these cloud names. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And this was going on recently in two thousand one,

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Speaker 1: the BBC investigated these rumors and um apparently or actually

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Speaker 1: were they investigating the old rumors? Yeah? Okay, well I

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Speaker 1: guess that makes more sense. I thought they did it

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Speaker 1: recently too, though No, I don't know the Brits alright,

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Speaker 1: Uh soo the the Royal Air Force did fly above

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Speaker 1: the cloud line, dropped a bunch of this stuff and

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Speaker 1: thirty minutes later it started to rain, and it rained

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Speaker 1: and rained and rained, and by the end of the

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Speaker 1: month North Devon and North of England was um basically

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Speaker 1: got two fifty times the amount of rain they ever get,

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Speaker 1: which is a pretty spectacularly convincing two d and fifty times. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's like a flood time. And there there was actually

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Speaker 1: huge flood too, um in a village Lynmouth, UM where

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Speaker 1: basically ninety million tons of water converged on the village

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Speaker 1: at once. Unbelievable. On the day that they started seating,

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Speaker 1: when it started raining, um and thirty five people lost

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Speaker 1: their lives. They were carried out to sea, they were

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Speaker 1: crushed by bowlders. Entire houses were taken out by bowlers

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Speaker 1: that were brought down by the water. Um. But of

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Speaker 1: course they said this wasn't US, and the Royal Air

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Speaker 1: Force pretended it never happened, So who knows. We did

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Speaker 1: our own little experiments here in the US and uh,

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Speaker 1: as far as weaponization goes. In Vietnam, we tried to

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Speaker 1: extend the monsoon season on the Ho Chi Minh trail

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Speaker 1: and apparently it worked by like thirty to forty five days.

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Speaker 1: Supposedly we extended monsoon season that year in nine at

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Speaker 1: a cost of like twenty one million dollars and um

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Speaker 1: over the course of missions. And they said it like

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Speaker 1: it's they look at it now as a semi successful mission,

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Speaker 1: whatever that means. It was it was good enough. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they're like things were slippery um. And that was actually

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Speaker 1: called Operation Popeye, no cloud names. And the whole reason

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Speaker 1: and we have an awareness of Operation Popeye is because

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Speaker 1: a reporter named Jack Anderson uh he uh, he got

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Speaker 1: his hands on a secret memo from the Joints Chiefs

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Speaker 1: of Staff to President Johnson that made reference to weather

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Speaker 1: modification techniques in Laos, And he started digging around and

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Speaker 1: found out that the government had done that, and he

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Speaker 1: when this article came out, I was had a really

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Speaker 1: good time because the US government was or Congress was

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Speaker 1: not in a mood to uh weaponized weather, and so

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Speaker 1: they kind of took this article. They took the publicity

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Speaker 1: from it. They took a Senate Committees recommendation that like,

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Speaker 1: this is way too big for us to be messing with,

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Speaker 1: and went and had a summit with the Soviets about

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Speaker 1: banning weather modification. Yeah, they said it was a laussy idea.

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Speaker 1: Did you practice that well? I thought too much time

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Speaker 1: had gone by it. I was like, you know what,

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna say it anyway, it was a good time.

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Speaker 1: It doesn't matter when you throw the pun down, it's

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Speaker 1: always bad. Was a lossy idea, and they did. They

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Speaker 1: got together with the Soviets and they said the big

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Speaker 1: deal breaker I guess between them making a deal right

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Speaker 1: then was they couldn't decide between the distinctions of tactical

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Speaker 1: versus strategic. They thought, hey, if it's tactical. That's cool,

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Speaker 1: because we're just trying to benefit from the weather, um

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Speaker 1: and make stuff harder on you to get around. UM.

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Speaker 1: Strategic uses would like try and like flood a major city,

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Speaker 1: ruined crops, ruined crops, destroy the economy. Yeah. Um. And

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Speaker 1: so the summit dissolved. But um, the fact that they

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Speaker 1: were even talking about the strategic ones suggests that the

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Speaker 1: the US and the Soviets both thought that one or

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Speaker 1: both were on the verge of being able to do

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Speaker 1: weather modification at that level. UM. So the the talks

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Speaker 1: fell apart. But UM, the U N basically stepped in

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Speaker 1: and said, hey, we'll take over from here, and they

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Speaker 1: created UM and MAUD, which is the Environmental Environmental Modification Convention,

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Speaker 1: which basically bands weaponizing weather, and the US and the

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Speaker 1: Soviets ratified it came into effect the night. So you

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Speaker 1: can't weaponize weather, but you can still do like weather

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Speaker 1: modification as long as it's not what's called geophysical warfare,

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Speaker 1: like you're trying to dissipate a storm or change the

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Speaker 1: course of a hurricane for good for good and that

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Speaker 1: kind of stuff. Uh. For instance, China, they've been at

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Speaker 1: this for a long time. Uh, since the late nineteen fifties,

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Speaker 1: and they have a program that employs between thirty and

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Speaker 1: thirty people called the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, and

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Speaker 1: that is they have a department, the Weather Modification Department,

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Speaker 1: and they use that. And you probably remember in the

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Speaker 1: news even seeing this at the Beijing Olympics, they busted

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Speaker 1: clouds to try and prevent rain from happening because they

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Speaker 1: didn't want to rain out their their opening ceremony in

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Speaker 1: their games. Yes, so any cloud that they saw, they

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Speaker 1: would shoot rocket propelled grenades filled with silver eyed eye

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Speaker 1: um or anti aircraft artillery phil with silver eyed die.

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Speaker 1: They were just shooting clouds. And there's like thirty thousand people.

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Speaker 1: A lot of them are farmers who are armed with

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Speaker 1: government issue rocket launchers. Yeah, because they're on the right place. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: to shoot at clouds. Get that cloud. Yeah, I did

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Speaker 1: that like a Southern redneck. That was weird. Get that cloud.

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Speaker 1: Mant's they sound like China. Jerry just left it that.

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Speaker 1: Uh So. Then hale is the next thing that we've

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Speaker 1: tried to conquer. N the National Hail Research Experiment was

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Speaker 1: started and basically to suppress hail along what's known as

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Speaker 1: Hale Alley in Colorado, h some state called Kansas, Northwest Kansas,

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Speaker 1: Southeast Wyoming in northwest Nebraska, and UM. It was scheduled

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Speaker 1: the last five years, but it did not. I think

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Speaker 1: it was shut down in yeah, two years ahead of

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Speaker 1: time and not necessarily through any fault of its own.

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Speaker 1: The seventies turn out to be like the driest decade

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Speaker 1: ever in Hale Alley. UM. But their their whole goal

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Speaker 1: was to seed clouds to basically hurry up the process

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Speaker 1: of them precipitating so that it wouldn't have a chance

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Speaker 1: to become hal to keep them warm clouds to UM,

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Speaker 1: and just to if it is going to hail, they

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Speaker 1: would be smaller pieces of hail and it would just

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Speaker 1: accelerate the process. UM. But there was some funny things

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Speaker 1: that came out of it, like we learned that farmers

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Speaker 1: don't like clouds eating. Yeah, and they tried in Maryland

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Speaker 1: and Virginia, and there were farmers like shooting at the aircraft.

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Speaker 1: And then in the San Luis Valley, Uh, there were

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Speaker 1: somebody blew up with dynamite a radar truck for a

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Speaker 1: private weather modification company. All in the seventies. So the seventies,

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Speaker 1: weather mood was not very popular, and in some states

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Speaker 1: now because of farmers concerns, um weather modification is banned. Yeah. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: people are afraid that you're gonna take the cloud that

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Speaker 1: was destined for their field and use it over your field.

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Speaker 1: That was my cloud. Well that's we might as well

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Speaker 1: talk about it. Then that's a big issue. Um. As

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Speaker 1: far as our next topic, thwarting hurricanes, it seems like

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Speaker 1: a great idea, but one leading scientist, what's his name,

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Speaker 1: Moche Alamorrow, He's from m i t. He says, you know,

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Speaker 1: only a handful of hurricanes ever developed out of like

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Speaker 1: a hundred tropical storms, let's say, and very few of

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Speaker 1: those hurricanes calls landfall that do like lots of damage.

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Speaker 1: So this rainfall is vital to South America. And what

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Speaker 1: are we gonna start just trying to thwart every tropical

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Speaker 1: storm we see? Like we're playing god here a little

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Speaker 1: too much. That's stuff happens for a reason, right exactly,

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Speaker 1: despite the fact that hurricanes can be very dangerous and

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Speaker 1: costly take lives. I get the feeling he's like, you know,

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Speaker 1: we might just want to live with that every couple

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Speaker 1: of years rather than try to mess with the thermodynamics

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Speaker 1: of an ocean current exactly. Well, and that's kind of

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Speaker 1: what some of the ideas for um dissipating or moving hurricanes.

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Speaker 1: A couple of ideas are shooting dropping hydrogen bombs on

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Speaker 1: a hurricane to dissipated, which I don't know what the

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00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:19,760
Speaker 1: fact they would happen, um, But Bill Gates is in

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Speaker 1: on a patent for um dissipating hurricanes, which apparently uses

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Speaker 1: fleets of vehicles to pump cold water from lower depths

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Speaker 1: of the ocean to the surface to mix with the

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Speaker 1: warm surface temperatures are comparatively warmer surface temperatures, so that

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Speaker 1: the convective currents that those warm surface temperatures creating hurricanes

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Speaker 1: that make them more and more powerful are dissipated, so

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Speaker 1: the hurricanes forces reduced because hurricanes draw their strength from

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Speaker 1: that heat, and uh, you can cool it down. The

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Speaker 1: idea is that you might then dissipated again, messing with

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Speaker 1: the thermodynamics. Is that a good thing? And then there's

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Speaker 1: one that's really routined. Um, you've probably looked right past

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Speaker 1: it at your local airport, which is fog dissipation. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they do this regularly with below freezing temperature fog R

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Speaker 1: not too hard. They can do it from the ground. Yeah,

401
00:23:13,480 --> 00:23:15,640
Speaker 1: but aren't they trying to do it above temperature as well? Yeah,

402
00:23:15,640 --> 00:23:17,919
Speaker 1: they try cloud seating to dissipate it as well. But

403
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Speaker 1: they also um will heat the landing areas, which dissipates fog,

404
00:23:23,359 --> 00:23:26,200
Speaker 1: but it is weather modification. Uh. And then they'll also

405
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Speaker 1: um inject propane gas, which apparently dissipates below freezing fog

406
00:23:32,040 --> 00:23:34,840
Speaker 1: as well. Airports. Have you ever been on a plane

407
00:23:34,840 --> 00:23:37,320
Speaker 1: that had to be the ice before takeoff? That happened

408
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Speaker 1: to me for the first time this Christmas and Akron.

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Speaker 1: It takes a really long time. It took a long time,

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Speaker 1: and I was right there by the window by the wing,

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Speaker 1: and I was I watched the whole thing. It was

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Speaker 1: fascinating but also a little bit terrifying. Um. I was

413
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Speaker 1: just like, did you get it all? Yeah? Did you

414
00:23:52,359 --> 00:23:54,800
Speaker 1: miss the spot? Did you see that whould go over

415
00:23:54,840 --> 00:23:56,600
Speaker 1: it again? Yeah? I wish I knew exactly what they

416
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Speaker 1: were doing. I'll have to look into that because I

417
00:23:58,240 --> 00:24:00,320
Speaker 1: always like to know that stuff. Well, I'm sure we

418
00:24:00,320 --> 00:24:03,359
Speaker 1: could just go ahead and suggested ourselves with the apologian

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Speaker 1: d I think we should actually they're they were spraying

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Speaker 1: the wings. I know that, but I don't think it

421
00:24:08,760 --> 00:24:11,720
Speaker 1: was just like hot water. No, it's not. It's some

422
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Speaker 1: sort of crazy solution. Yeah, that's what I think, crazy

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00:24:14,520 --> 00:24:19,080
Speaker 1: cucku solution de icing. Yeah. Uh so does this stuff work, Josh,

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00:24:19,400 --> 00:24:23,440
Speaker 1: that is a great question, Chucker's Um, No one really knows.

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Speaker 1: There's actually you know, we said Irving Langmuir and Bernard

426
00:24:26,640 --> 00:24:29,720
Speaker 1: Vonnegut were definite true believers, but then there's plenty of

427
00:24:29,720 --> 00:24:32,320
Speaker 1: other people who are like, you don't know that that happened.

428
00:24:32,320 --> 00:24:35,520
Speaker 1: It could have just been coincidence. Um. And there's actually

429
00:24:35,560 --> 00:24:41,200
Speaker 1: a split among American um scientific groups over whether it

430
00:24:41,240 --> 00:24:44,159
Speaker 1: has any effect or not. Here's what I think. Okay,

431
00:24:44,200 --> 00:24:48,400
Speaker 1: here's my immature opinion. I think it possibly works, but

432
00:24:48,840 --> 00:24:52,760
Speaker 1: it's such a haphazard result and so not easily so

433
00:24:52,840 --> 00:24:56,639
Speaker 1: difficult to control that does that really work? Like, you

434
00:24:56,640 --> 00:24:58,960
Speaker 1: may have an effect, but unless you can really pinpoint

435
00:24:59,040 --> 00:25:01,119
Speaker 1: control it, I don't know if you can say that works.

436
00:25:01,280 --> 00:25:05,400
Speaker 1: And part of the problem is carrying out rigorous scientific experiments, right,

437
00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:08,280
Speaker 1: Like if you you can't control where the wind is

438
00:25:08,280 --> 00:25:10,720
Speaker 1: going to take the silver iodide, So if you're trying

439
00:25:10,760 --> 00:25:14,760
Speaker 1: to impregnant one cloud and keep another as a control cloud.

440
00:25:15,640 --> 00:25:17,840
Speaker 1: How do you know that the control clouds not infected

441
00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:20,960
Speaker 1: with with UM silver iodide and that it's going to

442
00:25:21,160 --> 00:25:24,080
Speaker 1: rain as well as a result of your experiment. So

443
00:25:24,080 --> 00:25:26,159
Speaker 1: it's a very tough thing to experiment on. Well, and

444
00:25:26,200 --> 00:25:27,919
Speaker 1: didn't they find out when they tried to do the

445
00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:31,000
Speaker 1: UM ice crystals in the hurricane? Didn't they find out

446
00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:34,160
Speaker 1: that there are already ice crystals there? Yeah, that didn't

447
00:25:34,280 --> 00:25:39,480
Speaker 1: have much an effect, right, noah, UM National Oceanic Atmospheric

448
00:25:39,520 --> 00:25:43,760
Speaker 1: Administration UM. They carried something out which was pretty cool.

449
00:25:43,800 --> 00:25:47,520
Speaker 1: It's called Project storm Fury for like thirty years trying

450
00:25:47,520 --> 00:25:50,120
Speaker 1: to seed hurricanes, and yeah, they found that, oh there's ice.

451
00:25:50,119 --> 00:25:51,800
Speaker 1: They're all right, this isn't gonna have an effect. Well,

452
00:25:51,840 --> 00:25:53,560
Speaker 1: they learned more about hurricanes, so that way, at least

453
00:25:53,600 --> 00:25:57,040
Speaker 1: they did by being crazy and flying into it. UM.

454
00:25:57,160 --> 00:26:00,200
Speaker 1: And then so the National Academy of Sciences said, thirty

455
00:26:00,240 --> 00:26:03,320
Speaker 1: years of study has produced no solid evidence that the

456
00:26:03,359 --> 00:26:07,639
Speaker 1: stuff works. The American Meteorological Society said, you know, we

457
00:26:07,680 --> 00:26:10,160
Speaker 1: think there's probably about a ten percent effect that this has.

458
00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:15,679
Speaker 1: It increases precipitation by ten percent, and uh, everybody else's

459
00:26:15,720 --> 00:26:19,800
Speaker 1: who knows? Does it hurt this cloud seating? I can

460
00:26:19,880 --> 00:26:22,440
Speaker 1: understand trying to mess with a hurricane, but I mean

461
00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:25,000
Speaker 1: just shooting silver Eye died in the air. If the

462
00:26:25,119 --> 00:26:28,000
Speaker 1: Chinese want to do that with the rocket propelled grenades, girl,

463
00:26:28,080 --> 00:26:30,359
Speaker 1: I don't have their fun. I think you and I should.

464
00:26:30,720 --> 00:26:33,320
Speaker 1: They got these biplanes here in Atlanta. I think we

465
00:26:33,320 --> 00:26:36,240
Speaker 1: should get some dry ice. We should chop it up,

466
00:26:36,320 --> 00:26:39,159
Speaker 1: and we should go take on these biplane rides on

467
00:26:39,160 --> 00:26:41,639
Speaker 1: a cloudy day, dump it out and see what happens.

468
00:26:41,720 --> 00:26:44,280
Speaker 1: That's a great idea. Let's do it, Okay, let's try.

469
00:26:44,480 --> 00:26:46,320
Speaker 1: Can we charge that on the on the company guard?

470
00:26:46,680 --> 00:26:50,159
Speaker 1: We probably could go as long as we documented it somehow.

471
00:26:50,240 --> 00:26:53,520
Speaker 1: That's right. If you want to know more about things

472
00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:59,359
Speaker 1: like dry ice by planes, weather modification, um, flying into

473
00:26:59,440 --> 00:27:02,000
Speaker 1: hurricane people have actually done that. I wrote a cool

474
00:27:02,080 --> 00:27:05,159
Speaker 1: article on it, Bill Gates, Bill Gates, Um. You can

475
00:27:05,200 --> 00:27:07,480
Speaker 1: type all those things into the search bar how stuff

476
00:27:07,480 --> 00:27:09,280
Speaker 1: works dot com and it will bring up some pretty

477
00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:12,520
Speaker 1: cool articles. And we also worked off with some need

478
00:27:12,640 --> 00:27:15,959
Speaker 1: articles that we found online all over the place. So

479
00:27:16,119 --> 00:27:21,160
Speaker 1: just search weather modification and have a great time with him. Uh.

480
00:27:21,200 --> 00:27:23,400
Speaker 1: Since I said have a great time, and I mean

481
00:27:23,480 --> 00:27:28,399
Speaker 1: it's time for the listening. Then. Uh, before we do

482
00:27:28,480 --> 00:27:31,600
Speaker 1: listener mail, a couple of quick shoutouts. One, we want

483
00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:34,919
Speaker 1: to shout out our Kiva team with a new goal. Yes. Uh,

484
00:27:34,960 --> 00:27:37,000
Speaker 1: if you don't know, if you go to k I

485
00:27:37,080 --> 00:27:40,760
Speaker 1: v a dot org slash teams slash stuff, you should know.

486
00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:45,440
Speaker 1: We set up a microblout lending team. How long ago now,

487
00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:49,880
Speaker 1: October two thousand eight, Yes, and it took thousand nine.

488
00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:52,800
Speaker 1: It began with little Stephen Colbert challenge, but we quickly

489
00:27:52,880 --> 00:27:56,800
Speaker 1: dusted him. Two. Yeah, we wanted to see who could

490
00:27:56,800 --> 00:27:58,719
Speaker 1: get to a hundred thousand first. I'm not sure as

491
00:27:58,760 --> 00:28:01,600
Speaker 1: teams even there yet. Darl Uh they didn't pay attention

492
00:28:01,640 --> 00:28:04,080
Speaker 1: to us, but it doesn't matter. Um. The plant is

493
00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:06,320
Speaker 1: our team is doing great and we have a new goal.

494
00:28:06,400 --> 00:28:09,840
Speaker 1: Thanks to our our de facto captains, glinted Sonia. They

495
00:28:09,880 --> 00:28:13,680
Speaker 1: put together the numbers for us and our goal as

496
00:28:13,720 --> 00:28:18,840
Speaker 1: of June twenty one this year is two million dollars loan. Yes,

497
00:28:18,920 --> 00:28:21,920
Speaker 1: by the summer solstice. Summer Solstice, two million bucks is

498
00:28:21,920 --> 00:28:24,200
Speaker 1: our goal for our team. We're well on our way

499
00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:27,680
Speaker 1: and uh, jump on board. It's a lot of fun. Yeah,

500
00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:30,840
Speaker 1: and loan twenty five bucks and if it gets paid

501
00:28:30,840 --> 00:28:32,760
Speaker 1: back and he said, you know what, that's the only

502
00:28:32,800 --> 00:28:34,320
Speaker 1: loan ever want to make. You can actually get that

503
00:28:34,359 --> 00:28:36,800
Speaker 1: money back. Yeah, if it feels dirty to you, just

504
00:28:36,960 --> 00:28:39,440
Speaker 1: wait like about a month, maybe a little longer, I

505
00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:41,160
Speaker 1: don't know. And once he's paid back, you can take

506
00:28:41,160 --> 00:28:43,000
Speaker 1: it out. Yeah. And Josh has written some great blog

507
00:28:43,040 --> 00:28:45,200
Speaker 1: post on micro lending and the controversies around it and

508
00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:48,600
Speaker 1: why we still support it. Yeah, so we're well aware. Uh,

509
00:28:48,600 --> 00:28:51,160
Speaker 1: and we also want to shout out our buddy Bill Wadman. Yeah.

510
00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:54,640
Speaker 1: We met Bill in Brooklyn and he's a very talented

511
00:28:54,920 --> 00:28:58,040
Speaker 1: portrait photographer and he said, you know, I'd love to

512
00:28:58,040 --> 00:29:00,600
Speaker 1: shoot you guys here on my list of people I'd

513
00:29:00,640 --> 00:29:03,400
Speaker 1: like to work with. Came out to the Bellhouse, took

514
00:29:03,440 --> 00:29:05,360
Speaker 1: some great pictures. One of them is now our avatar

515
00:29:05,440 --> 00:29:08,960
Speaker 1: on our Facebook page, and uh, it was it was

516
00:29:09,000 --> 00:29:10,760
Speaker 1: a good experience for us, for two guys who really

517
00:29:10,800 --> 00:29:13,280
Speaker 1: don't like having your pictures made. Yeah, he was very gentle.

518
00:29:13,400 --> 00:29:15,520
Speaker 1: He was very gentle and they turned out great. And uh,

519
00:29:15,880 --> 00:29:18,000
Speaker 1: you can see his work at Bill Wadman dot com

520
00:29:18,120 --> 00:29:21,440
Speaker 1: or he has a podcast about photography that is not

521
00:29:22,120 --> 00:29:24,520
Speaker 1: about This is what lends you should get. It's about

522
00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:27,360
Speaker 1: it's called on taking pictures, and it's more about the

523
00:29:27,360 --> 00:29:29,760
Speaker 1: philosophy and science. So they're taking pictures. Did you see

524
00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:31,400
Speaker 1: the post on us? He was like, I think it

525
00:29:31,440 --> 00:29:33,600
Speaker 1: was titled like look at these two schmows. I got

526
00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:36,920
Speaker 1: to sit for me. He didn't find that on at

527
00:29:36,960 --> 00:29:42,200
Speaker 1: www dot on taking pictures dot com and imagine a iTunes.

528
00:29:42,240 --> 00:29:45,040
Speaker 1: I didn't look. But if it's a podcast, it's probably

529
00:29:45,040 --> 00:29:49,600
Speaker 1: on iTunes right anyway, Thanks Bill Wadman and good luck

530
00:29:49,640 --> 00:29:51,920
Speaker 1: to you, sir. We'll see you as soon. Yeah, thanks everybody,

531
00:29:52,120 --> 00:29:54,360
Speaker 1: all right, and now on the listener mail. This is

532
00:29:54,360 --> 00:29:57,840
Speaker 1: a nice little Christmas homeless shout out to our good

533
00:29:57,840 --> 00:30:02,720
Speaker 1: friend Martin. Love this email. We love our Scottish friends. Guys,

534
00:30:02,760 --> 00:30:04,960
Speaker 1: you asked for a Christmas story while I was listening

535
00:30:05,000 --> 00:30:07,760
Speaker 1: to your homelessness podcast. Anyway, last year a friend of

536
00:30:07,760 --> 00:30:09,120
Speaker 1: mine was going to catch a bus and saw a

537
00:30:09,160 --> 00:30:12,080
Speaker 1: homeless man outside the bus station a freezing night, and

538
00:30:12,080 --> 00:30:15,040
Speaker 1: in Scotland you know that it's gold, so he decided

539
00:30:15,040 --> 00:30:18,040
Speaker 1: to give the guy twenty pounds. The homeless man began

540
00:30:18,080 --> 00:30:21,520
Speaker 1: to cry, thanked my friends and explained that he was

541
00:30:21,520 --> 00:30:24,680
Speaker 1: on the street doing a drug problem and after running

542
00:30:24,680 --> 00:30:28,920
Speaker 1: away from his family. Um. However, that day he had

543
00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:31,240
Speaker 1: been thinking of going home to his family for Christmas

544
00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:33,800
Speaker 1: and cleaning up his life. Now that he had the money,

545
00:30:33,840 --> 00:30:35,840
Speaker 1: he was going to do just that. He took my

546
00:30:35,840 --> 00:30:38,880
Speaker 1: friends address, so he insisted on paying him back. So

547
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:40,960
Speaker 1: my family gave him the address and caught a bus.

548
00:30:42,160 --> 00:30:45,400
Speaker 1: This summer he received a letter from the man explaining

549
00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:47,680
Speaker 1: that he did in fact go home. He went to

550
00:30:47,760 --> 00:30:50,880
Speaker 1: rehab and he is now working for his father. The

551
00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:54,040
Speaker 1: family is extremely happy and he not only included the

552
00:30:54,040 --> 00:30:56,960
Speaker 1: twenty pounds as payback, but a picture of him and

553
00:30:57,040 --> 00:31:00,000
Speaker 1: his dad's workshop with his dad and his two brothers.

554
00:31:00,560 --> 00:31:02,280
Speaker 1: This just goes to show what a little can do

555
00:31:02,320 --> 00:31:05,880
Speaker 1: for some people, especially around the holidays. Love the show, guys,

556
00:31:06,240 --> 00:31:10,360
Speaker 1: how about a show on the Scottish Wars Independence and

557
00:31:10,400 --> 00:31:14,280
Speaker 1: that has funden? Oh that's pretty good. And then an

558
00:31:14,280 --> 00:31:18,560
Speaker 1: awesome letter. Yeah that was great. I just love that one. Um,

559
00:31:18,560 --> 00:31:20,320
Speaker 1: thanks a lot, Martin, Thanks a lot to all of

560
00:31:20,320 --> 00:31:24,200
Speaker 1: our people in Scotland. How's it going. I didn't see

561
00:31:24,200 --> 00:31:26,480
Speaker 1: it right. It gets worse with already truck. You sound

562
00:31:26,560 --> 00:31:28,520
Speaker 1: like Truman, Componi and the last years you could do

563
00:31:28,600 --> 00:31:30,840
Speaker 1: a bit of a Scottish accent. It left me. Don't

564
00:31:30,840 --> 00:31:35,760
Speaker 1: do Scottish accent? Do Sean Connery trying Sean connedy often

565
00:31:35,920 --> 00:31:39,720
Speaker 1: see there it is right there. Uh. If you want

566
00:31:39,800 --> 00:31:42,240
Speaker 1: to hear Chuck to a certain kind of accent, send

567
00:31:42,320 --> 00:31:46,560
Speaker 1: us a suggestion. He takes all comers, right, Chuck. Uh.

568
00:31:46,840 --> 00:31:49,320
Speaker 1: You can tweet to us at s Y s K podcast.

569
00:31:49,440 --> 00:31:51,960
Speaker 1: You can join us on Facebook dot com, slash stuff

570
00:31:51,960 --> 00:31:54,560
Speaker 1: you Should Know. You can send us an email at

571
00:31:54,640 --> 00:31:58,000
Speaker 1: Stuff Podcast at Discovery dot com, or you can join

572
00:31:58,120 --> 00:32:00,959
Speaker 1: us on at our home on the way um Stuff

573
00:32:00,960 --> 00:32:08,600
Speaker 1: you Should Know dot com For more on this and

574
00:32:08,680 --> 00:32:11,240
Speaker 1: thousands of other topics. Is it how stuff works dot

575
00:32:11,240 --> 00:32:21,680
Speaker 1: com m brought to you by Toyota. Let's go Places,