WEBVTT - Is The Multiverse Real? 0:00:07.840 --> 0:00:09.840 Do you ever wonder what your life would have been 0:00:09.880 --> 0:00:12.640 like if you had made different choices? You mean, like 0:00:12.680 --> 0:00:15.200 if I had tea this morning instead of coffee, Yeah, 0:00:15.200 --> 0:00:18.159 I know. Like if six people had voted differently in 0:00:18.239 --> 0:00:21.079 Florida in the year two thousand, well the whole world 0:00:21.079 --> 0:00:23.520 would be different in that case. Sometimes I wonder, like 0:00:23.600 --> 0:00:25.520 what would have happened if I didn't go on that 0:00:25.520 --> 0:00:27.520 first day with my spouse, or you know, we went 0:00:27.520 --> 0:00:30.280 to a different restaurant, or we went for coffee instead 0:00:30.280 --> 0:00:32.560 of dinner, yeah, I know, or like if you had 0:00:32.920 --> 0:00:36.520 um conceived your children one minute earlier or a minute later. 0:00:36.880 --> 0:00:39.520 It's incredible and thinking about all the other different lives 0:00:39.560 --> 0:00:42.120 you might have lived. But the amazing thing is that 0:00:42.159 --> 0:00:45.120 there are some physicists out there that think that those 0:00:45.200 --> 0:00:48.320 other us they might be real. They might be out there, 0:00:48.400 --> 0:00:51.080 they might be living your other lives. And this is 0:00:51.120 --> 0:00:53.880 not a theory or an idea. They think it might 0:00:53.920 --> 0:00:57.760 be reality. That's right somewhere out there. There's another podcast 0:00:57.800 --> 0:01:16.760 talking about whether you might be real. I am Poorhand 0:01:16.880 --> 0:01:20.640 number one thou seventy six, and in this universe, I 0:01:20.680 --> 0:01:23.960 am a cartoonists and I'm Daniel number zero and I'm 0:01:24.000 --> 0:01:27.199 a particle physicist. I smashed particles together at the large 0:01:27.200 --> 0:01:29.760 hay John Collider. Oh wow, so this time I get 0:01:29.880 --> 0:01:33.000 we get Daniel number zero like the original. This is 0:01:33.000 --> 0:01:34.800 the prototype. Yes, so you know it might not all 0:01:34.840 --> 0:01:36.880 be functioning. There's still some bugs being worked out. This 0:01:36.920 --> 0:01:41.080 is the beta version of Daniel Daniel zero point zero, 0:01:42.200 --> 0:01:46.800 Daniel the mold Um And this is our podcast Daniel 0:01:46.840 --> 0:01:49.960 and Jorge explain the universe. And this time we're not 0:01:50.040 --> 0:01:52.160 just going to take the universe and explain it to 0:01:52.200 --> 0:01:53.840 you in a way that actually makes sense. We're gonna 0:01:53.840 --> 0:01:57.680 go bigger. We're gonna go beyond. We're gonna go multi 0:01:57.720 --> 0:02:01.760 We're going plaid beyond the diverse, bigger than the universe. 0:02:01.960 --> 0:02:03.920 That's right, bigger than the universe. We're going to think 0:02:03.960 --> 0:02:07.160 about the depths of infinity. What is infinity? How far 0:02:07.200 --> 0:02:09.959 can you go? How infinite is the universe? Are there 0:02:09.960 --> 0:02:13.280 other universes out there? I know this sounds like a 0:02:13.440 --> 0:02:15.480 crazy call in show. You might have a three in 0:02:15.480 --> 0:02:17.520 the morning on an a M radio station, but it's 0:02:17.520 --> 0:02:25.000 a real science podcast to be on the program. The 0:02:25.240 --> 0:02:30.840 MULTIVERSEUS multivirus, multiverse, It's echoing through all those other universes, right, 0:02:30.880 --> 0:02:34.400 that's right. Um, the multiverse is an amazing concept, mostly 0:02:34.400 --> 0:02:37.519 because it gets you to think about the concept of infinity. 0:02:37.720 --> 0:02:41.200 You know how if things really go on forever and 0:02:41.280 --> 0:02:45.280 you get to try everything, then anything that's possible eventually 0:02:45.280 --> 0:02:49.880 will happen, no matter how improbable, it's probably happening in 0:02:49.919 --> 0:02:54.560 an infinite multiverse. That's right. That's the wonderful, mind bending 0:02:54.639 --> 0:02:57.959 concept of the multiverse. That's what makes it such an attractive, 0:02:58.400 --> 0:03:01.799 like philosophical idea. I mean, the multiverse is really penetrated 0:03:01.880 --> 0:03:04.360 into into culture. And I know that because when I 0:03:04.400 --> 0:03:08.519 was typing multiverse into my phone, it auto corrected for multiverse, 0:03:08.560 --> 0:03:11.480 like that's a word in my phone's library, which means, 0:03:11.560 --> 0:03:13.520 you know, it must be a real thing, right, So 0:03:13.680 --> 0:03:19.120 not not multiplication, not, um, you know something basic the 0:03:19.200 --> 0:03:21.880 multiverse was to go to with multi Yeah, it's a 0:03:21.880 --> 0:03:25.240 really smart device, Like, oh, are you talking about the multiverse? Yeah, 0:03:25.280 --> 0:03:28.440 let's complete the multiverse. My phone is totally ready for 0:03:28.440 --> 0:03:31.600 this podcast. I know all about the multiverse. The machines. No, 0:03:32.240 --> 0:03:34.720 that's right. So in today's episode, we thought we would 0:03:34.720 --> 0:03:37.160 take the concept of the multiverse and break it down 0:03:37.200 --> 0:03:39.560 for you, explain to you, what is it? Why is 0:03:39.600 --> 0:03:41.680 it a real thing? Why do scientists talk about it? 0:03:41.840 --> 0:03:44.840 And are they actually crazy? Is it even possible that 0:03:44.880 --> 0:03:49.360 there's more than one universe out there? That's right? Doesn't 0:03:49.400 --> 0:03:52.600 even make sense? And as usual, Daniel went out and 0:03:52.600 --> 0:03:54.720 asked people on the street if they knew what the 0:03:54.800 --> 0:03:57.840 multiverse was. Before you hear them, think to yourself, what 0:03:58.000 --> 0:04:01.680 is your idea of the multiverse? Would you answer this question? 0:04:02.960 --> 0:04:05.400 Here's what people had to say, do you know what 0:04:05.440 --> 0:04:10.920 the multiverse is? Not? Really? Have you heard of the multiverse? No? 0:04:11.040 --> 0:04:16.040 I haven't you heard of the multiverse? No? My impression 0:04:16.240 --> 0:04:18.719 from having been around this kind of science for a 0:04:18.720 --> 0:04:21.719 few years is that it's a bit fantastical and it 0:04:21.760 --> 0:04:26.040 does not seem likely to be the truth. I think 0:04:26.040 --> 0:04:29.600 of it as like a serious of like our universes 0:04:29.640 --> 0:04:31.960 are like all kind of connected to the bar separate. 0:04:32.080 --> 0:04:36.480 That's from comic books, isn't it okay? So most of 0:04:36.520 --> 0:04:39.359 people didn't seem to know what the multiverse was, which 0:04:39.400 --> 0:04:42.440 was surprising to me as a comics fan who was 0:04:42.600 --> 0:04:46.520 very familiar with the DC Universe, multiverse and the Marvel multiverse. 0:04:46.760 --> 0:04:48.800 That was my favorite answer. The one person who said 0:04:48.960 --> 0:04:52.880 isn't that a thing from comic books? I love that answer. 0:04:53.440 --> 0:04:56.480 I love the answer, and I should reveal a secret, Horry, 0:04:56.600 --> 0:04:59.400 which is one of these answers was from my wife. 0:05:00.320 --> 0:05:01.919 I will not tell you which one. I will not 0:05:01.960 --> 0:05:03.880 tell you which one. And the for the purpose of 0:05:04.040 --> 0:05:07.240 contemper of continuing her enonymity. But one of those is 0:05:07.240 --> 0:05:10.240 her ANSWER's interesting? You mean the one with the beautiful voice, right, 0:05:12.120 --> 0:05:14.559 the one where she's like, this is a ridiculous question, 0:05:14.560 --> 0:05:16.960 and I can't believe you're interviewing me for your podcast. 0:05:17.760 --> 0:05:20.080 So many better things to do, trying to make dinner here, 0:05:21.839 --> 0:05:25.240 I make dinner. Excuse me, no dinner. I interviewed her 0:05:25.360 --> 0:05:28.640 while I was making dinner anyway. Um, but a lot 0:05:28.640 --> 0:05:30.800 of people, yeah, do they just haven't even heard of it, right, 0:05:30.839 --> 0:05:32.960 Like some people haven't heard it at all. Yeah, it's 0:05:33.000 --> 0:05:35.400 interesting because and this is one of these words that 0:05:35.480 --> 0:05:37.800 you would think sort of explain itself, just with the 0:05:37.800 --> 0:05:41.480 word multiverse, like a multiple universe, and nobody sort of 0:05:41.520 --> 0:05:43.240 even try to guess. I don't know, I don't think 0:05:43.240 --> 0:05:45.719 that explains itself. I mean, if you ask me the question, 0:05:45.800 --> 0:05:48.480 what is on multiverse, I might say it's a poem 0:05:48.560 --> 0:05:53.360 with multiple stanzas, you know, like multiverse, I wouldn't necessarily 0:05:53.400 --> 0:05:57.320 think crazy physics theory that spans the depths of infinity 0:05:58.760 --> 0:06:01.839 or comic book and constant. And you know, I have 0:06:01.960 --> 0:06:05.520 a quibble with the word, you know, like if universe 0:06:05.880 --> 0:06:08.880 is supposed to mean everything, then how can there by 0:06:08.880 --> 0:06:13.240 definition be a multiverse? Right, Like you can't have multiple everything's. 0:06:13.560 --> 0:06:17.640 It's like a uni universe. That's right. If I say 0:06:17.839 --> 0:06:19.279 give me all your money, and you give me all 0:06:19.320 --> 0:06:21.039 your money and then and then you still have money, 0:06:21.120 --> 0:06:24.240 then you haven't really given me all your money. Right. 0:06:25.080 --> 0:06:27.080 I want to rob. I want to rob the multibank. 0:06:32.720 --> 0:06:36.359 What is the multiverse? The multiverse is a concept in 0:06:36.360 --> 0:06:39.440 physics which tries to grapple with infinity and grapples with 0:06:39.480 --> 0:06:42.880 infinity and multiple different ways. So there's the multiverse, but 0:06:42.880 --> 0:06:46.680 it's actually multiple different multiverse theories, right, But they all 0:06:46.720 --> 0:06:49.599 share one thing in common, which is that they're trying 0:06:49.680 --> 0:06:53.120 to explain when there's an arbitrary nous. They're trying to 0:06:53.160 --> 0:06:56.040 grapple with the fact that our universe seems random, like 0:06:56.240 --> 0:06:58.360 it's this way and not that other way. And the 0:06:58.400 --> 0:07:01.600 way they explained that is by suggesting maybe every way 0:07:01.720 --> 0:07:04.200 is explored by the multiverse and we just happened to 0:07:04.240 --> 0:07:07.279 live in this one. Right. And so when you find 0:07:07.360 --> 0:07:09.960 something in the universe which seems like it could have 0:07:09.960 --> 0:07:12.440 been different, and you'll wonder why is it this and 0:07:12.480 --> 0:07:15.120 not something else, the multiverse is there to calling you 0:07:15.200 --> 0:07:18.080 and say, well, maybe everything is explored somewhere, and there's 0:07:18.120 --> 0:07:20.080 no reason for it to be this and not the other. 0:07:20.080 --> 0:07:22.520 It's just random. Right. So that's kind of the reason 0:07:22.600 --> 0:07:26.080 why physicists considerate. But as a concept, what does it mean. 0:07:26.280 --> 0:07:29.880 It means multiple universes, right, that's it's a contraction of 0:07:30.080 --> 0:07:34.520 multiple universes. Yeah, it means multiple universes. Um. But then again, 0:07:34.800 --> 0:07:37.480 different physicists mean different things by by that. And so 0:07:37.720 --> 0:07:39.560 there's a guy named Max tech Mark. He's a really 0:07:39.600 --> 0:07:43.360 smart guy. I read his book. It's called Our Mathematically Universe, 0:07:43.840 --> 0:07:46.400 and it's a fascinating book. It's like six pages. It's well, 0:07:46.480 --> 0:07:48.800 it's well written, but in it he has a really 0:07:48.880 --> 0:07:51.560 nice categorization of the different kinds of multiverses. So I 0:07:51.560 --> 0:07:55.240 thought we'd follow that. Okay, so wait, there's like multi multiverses. 0:07:55.720 --> 0:08:00.720 That's right, multi multi multiverse, the uni multi multi universe. 0:08:01.800 --> 0:08:05.320 That's right, exactly. Um, they all have the same agent actually, 0:08:05.320 --> 0:08:07.880 so you can just pay them all directly. Okay, So 0:08:08.240 --> 0:08:11.280 there's what you're saying. There's a way to classify the 0:08:11.480 --> 0:08:17.120 different versions of the idea of the multiverse. Yeah, that's right. 0:08:17.160 --> 0:08:19.800 I feel like we're like three layers into the inception here, 0:08:21.800 --> 0:08:25.040 be prepared for more levels. I talk about what it's like, 0:08:25.520 --> 0:08:28.120 what is one What what is one version of the multiverse. 0:08:28.160 --> 0:08:31.880 It's like the idea that there are multiple versions of 0:08:32.040 --> 0:08:35.959 like like our universe is just one version of the universe, 0:08:36.040 --> 0:08:39.160 and there might be other versions of the universe out there. Right, 0:08:39.200 --> 0:08:41.520 that's the kind of basic idea, right, that's the whole 0:08:41.600 --> 0:08:45.440 overall arching framework. But what the multi means depends on 0:08:45.480 --> 0:08:47.520 what you mean by the uni. Right. So for example, 0:08:47.559 --> 0:08:50.520 so let's get concrete, right, Um, some people think about 0:08:50.600 --> 0:08:53.840 the observable universe is our universe. That's just everything we 0:08:53.880 --> 0:08:56.880 can see, right. Remember you can't see the whole universe 0:08:57.160 --> 0:09:00.319 because light doesn't travel infinitely fast. It travels its speed 0:09:00.320 --> 0:09:02.320 of light, and so you can only see as far 0:09:02.480 --> 0:09:05.199 as light has had time to travel in the history 0:09:05.200 --> 0:09:07.760 of the universe. Right, it's all everything we can see 0:09:07.800 --> 0:09:09.880 because there might be stuff that we can't see in 0:09:09.920 --> 0:09:12.640 the universe exactly, there's other stuff out there. Now, some 0:09:12.679 --> 0:09:15.720 people think, oh, the multiverse is all these different bubbles. 0:09:15.720 --> 0:09:19.440 There's like my observable universe, and then somewhere super far away, 0:09:20.040 --> 0:09:23.200 maybe there's another me, and that other me has an 0:09:23.200 --> 0:09:26.800 observable universe that's centered around them, Okay, And so from 0:09:26.840 --> 0:09:30.160 that concept, the multiverse is probing the fact that the 0:09:30.240 --> 0:09:33.520 universe seems to have started randomly, Like why do we 0:09:33.720 --> 0:09:35.800 have the Milky Way? And why does the Milky Way 0:09:35.840 --> 0:09:37.960 look the way it does and not like another galaxy. 0:09:38.440 --> 0:09:40.840 You can trace that all the way back to like 0:09:40.920 --> 0:09:45.160 the initial conditions of the universe, the arrangement of molecules 0:09:45.160 --> 0:09:48.120 in the very very early universe, which inevitably led to 0:09:48.120 --> 0:09:50.880 the Milky Way. What if that arrangement had been a 0:09:50.920 --> 0:09:53.800 tiny bit different, right, you had coffee instead of tu 0:09:54.120 --> 0:09:57.360 had had taken that break differently, or whatever, some tiny 0:09:57.400 --> 0:09:59.840 thing had been different than the Milky Way would look different. 0:10:00.200 --> 0:10:02.679 So that simplest multiverse is just the way of saying 0:10:03.200 --> 0:10:07.200 every possible initial condition for the universe started somewhere else, 0:10:07.240 --> 0:10:09.760 and so all those other possibilities might be out there 0:10:09.800 --> 0:10:13.000 there's a version of Jorge, you know, with the blonde hair, 0:10:13.080 --> 0:10:15.680 and there's a version of the of the Earth where 0:10:15.679 --> 0:10:19.240 there's big lying blue dragons streaking through the skyle. Right, 0:10:19.360 --> 0:10:21.720 But you're sort of assuming that the space we're in 0:10:21.840 --> 0:10:25.960 our universe goes on forever infinity. Yes, And you're saying 0:10:25.960 --> 0:10:28.480 that a version of the multiverse is one in which 0:10:29.160 --> 0:10:31.960 if you just keep going in one direction, at some point, 0:10:32.080 --> 0:10:34.480 things will start to kind of repeat itself, but maybe 0:10:34.559 --> 0:10:36.920 not quite the same way, that's right, because they start 0:10:36.960 --> 0:10:40.160 from different initial conditions, right, Okay, but there's still the 0:10:40.200 --> 0:10:44.080 same universe. It's the same space, right. Okay, So that's 0:10:44.120 --> 0:10:46.440 one idea. It's the same space and the same laws 0:10:46.440 --> 0:10:50.160 of physics. But remember what is the concept that that answers? What? What? 0:10:50.360 --> 0:10:53.480 What problem in physics? Does that address the problem in 0:10:53.520 --> 0:10:56.120 physics and addresses is the fact that, you know, we 0:10:56.160 --> 0:10:58.360 don't know why we have this set of initial conditions 0:10:58.360 --> 0:11:00.599 and not some other. Right, one of the particles that 0:11:00.679 --> 0:11:03.760 started off this observable universe arranged in that way and 0:11:03.760 --> 0:11:05.400 not another. And this is just the way of saying 0:11:05.600 --> 0:11:09.160 it doesn't matter because every possibility is tried, so we 0:11:09.160 --> 0:11:11.440 don't have to answer that question anymore? But well, why 0:11:11.440 --> 0:11:14.040 do physicists have so much trouble with this concept? Like 0:11:14.080 --> 0:11:16.440 why couldn't just we just be a random role of 0:11:16.440 --> 0:11:18.800 to die? And that's just the way it is. Why 0:11:18.840 --> 0:11:20.880 does it need whether is it? Why does there need 0:11:20.920 --> 0:11:23.439 to be every possible role of to die? Are you 0:11:23.440 --> 0:11:26.800 you're basically asking me why do physicists look for answers? Right? 0:11:27.559 --> 0:11:30.200 I mean that's the job. You know, you look at 0:11:30.200 --> 0:11:32.000 the university and say, why is it this and not that? 0:11:32.120 --> 0:11:34.960 Is there meaning to it? Or is it random? Right? 0:11:35.160 --> 0:11:37.000 Because if there's meaning to it, then you can get 0:11:37.040 --> 0:11:39.280 some inside. You could have just said, hey, look there's 0:11:39.440 --> 0:11:41.880 a hundred elements in the periodic table and that's all 0:11:41.920 --> 0:11:44.440 there is. And why that hundred elements? I don't know, 0:11:44.520 --> 0:11:46.959 it's just random? Right? Well? I mean no, I mean 0:11:47.040 --> 0:11:48.920 in the sense that it could be. It's like I 0:11:48.960 --> 0:11:50.920 have five dollars in my pocket, and you know, I 0:11:50.920 --> 0:11:52.960 could spend time thinking about why I have five dollars, 0:11:53.080 --> 0:11:55.200 or I could spend an infinite amount amount of time 0:11:55.280 --> 0:11:57.760 thinking about why I don't have six dollars, seven dollars, 0:11:57.800 --> 0:11:59.920 eight dollars, ten dollars. Do you know what I mean? Like, 0:12:00.040 --> 0:12:01.760 why can't I just be happy that with the fact 0:12:01.800 --> 0:12:03.880 that I have five dollars. Well, I think you hit 0:12:03.920 --> 0:12:07.480 the nail. The head physicists are never happened. That's the problem. 0:12:07.559 --> 0:12:10.120 The comdue to our deep seated depression that we need 0:12:10.160 --> 0:12:13.600 to answer this question. No, we want to know why, 0:12:13.720 --> 0:12:15.839 and and the answer it's just a random choice, is 0:12:15.840 --> 0:12:18.400 not satisfied. Okay, but this seems to be like the 0:12:18.440 --> 0:12:21.000 most vanilla version of the multiverse. You're just saying that 0:12:21.200 --> 0:12:24.600 the multiverse. One version of the multiverse issues that it's 0:12:24.640 --> 0:12:27.280 so big and that there's sort of different neighborhoods where 0:12:27.280 --> 0:12:29.440 different things could have happened. That's right, So that's the 0:12:29.440 --> 0:12:31.880 most vanilla. So now let's go to chocolate chip. Let's 0:12:31.880 --> 0:12:38.440 go to the slightly more interesting multiverse flavor. What if 0:12:38.520 --> 0:12:41.920 in other parts of space, deep deep, deep, far away, 0:12:42.280 --> 0:12:45.000 maybe it wasn't just the initial conditions of where the 0:12:45.040 --> 0:12:48.600 part how the particles were arranged, but maybe the constants 0:12:48.640 --> 0:12:51.320 of the laws of physics themselves are different. Like what 0:12:51.440 --> 0:12:54.880 if the mass of an electron is different bijillion light 0:12:54.960 --> 0:12:59.080 years away, or the strength of gravity is different bijillion 0:12:59.160 --> 0:13:03.480 light years away, Because there's nothing that says that's not possible. 0:13:03.600 --> 0:13:06.079 There's nothing that says that's not possible. Because these numbers, 0:13:06.080 --> 0:13:08.400 we have no reason to explain what the mass of 0:13:08.440 --> 0:13:11.280 the electron is, we have no reason to explain why 0:13:11.360 --> 0:13:14.040 gravity has the strength that does a right And so 0:13:14.120 --> 0:13:16.280 you think, well, maybe they're just random. So that's the 0:13:16.280 --> 0:13:18.000 way to answer to say, well, oh, it's just a 0:13:18.080 --> 0:13:21.160 random number. And every possibility is tried eventually, and we're 0:13:21.160 --> 0:13:22.960 just in the one that happens to be this one. 0:13:23.120 --> 0:13:26.680 We're just in the neighborhood where the electron ways, you know, 0:13:27.360 --> 0:13:31.480 point six ev exactly. And there's two varieties of this one, right, 0:13:31.520 --> 0:13:35.000 there's either the laws of physics are different somewhere else 0:13:35.040 --> 0:13:38.400 in our very very large universe, or you have like 0:13:38.600 --> 0:13:42.600 different spaces, so like these universes are not connected, Like 0:13:42.720 --> 0:13:46.160 there's the space of our universe and somehow there's another 0:13:46.280 --> 0:13:49.400 universe with a different set of laws of physics because 0:13:49.440 --> 0:13:51.719 the masses of the electron at different, the strength of 0:13:51.760 --> 0:13:54.200 gravity is different, and those spaces don't necessarily have to 0:13:54.200 --> 0:13:56.840 be connected. What do you mean, like you can't travel 0:13:56.880 --> 0:13:59.440 in a straight line from one area to the other 0:13:59.559 --> 0:14:02.400 one because something would stop you. Yeah, that one makes 0:14:02.400 --> 0:14:05.200 me a little bit more sense, because it's weird to 0:14:05.200 --> 0:14:08.200 have different masses of the electrons in the same space. 0:14:08.280 --> 0:14:10.880 I mean, I guess it's possible, right, but it's seems 0:14:10.920 --> 0:14:14.640 somehow more comforting if those other universes with different laws 0:14:14.640 --> 0:14:17.360 of physics were somehow disconnected from hours. Okay, but what 0:14:17.400 --> 0:14:20.440 would stop you from going to that other universe? Well, 0:14:20.480 --> 0:14:23.080 if it's not connected to ours, you just can't get there, 0:14:23.240 --> 0:14:24.960 you know. I Mean, we had a whole podcast about 0:14:25.000 --> 0:14:26.760 like the shape of space, right, and we're talking about 0:14:26.760 --> 0:14:29.920 how space could be infinite, or it could be closed. 0:14:29.960 --> 0:14:32.560 It could be that you could travel forever and come 0:14:32.560 --> 0:14:35.680 back to where you started, etcetera. It's like close pockets 0:14:35.680 --> 0:14:38.960 of space. Yeah, it could also be disconnected, right, you 0:14:38.960 --> 0:14:41.720 could have two separate pockets of space that you just 0:14:41.760 --> 0:14:45.280 can't travel from one to the other, like bubbles of space. Right. 0:14:45.320 --> 0:14:46.840 And then if you have two, you could have three, 0:14:46.920 --> 0:14:49.000 you could have four, you could have a jillion, right. 0:14:49.040 --> 0:14:51.080 Why not? There, it's on sale, take as many as 0:14:51.120 --> 0:14:55.000 your life. Uh. Okay, So let's get into the other 0:14:55.040 --> 0:15:10.720 types of multiverses. But first let's take a quick break. Okay. 0:15:10.760 --> 0:15:14.960 So we're in the chocolate chip flavor multiverse where we're 0:15:15.040 --> 0:15:18.880 literally the universes are like chocolate chips, you know, like that, 0:15:19.560 --> 0:15:23.160 you're like little chocolate chips sprinkled in in on in 0:15:23.440 --> 0:15:26.240 the ice cream of infinity. Yeah, exactly, and each each 0:15:26.240 --> 0:15:28.360 one could be infinite, right, and then you just you 0:15:28.360 --> 0:15:30.600 can think of them as like layers in a pastry, 0:15:30.800 --> 0:15:33.360 or you can think of those chocolate chips or something, 0:15:33.480 --> 0:15:35.600 or you could think maybe Daniels should have eaten something 0:15:35.640 --> 0:15:37.760 before he did this podcast, or because all of his 0:15:37.800 --> 0:15:40.920 analogies seemed to be about food. Um, but yeah, that's 0:15:40.920 --> 0:15:43.360 the general idea, okay, that that there could be other 0:15:43.440 --> 0:15:46.440 universes with different constants of the laws of physics, which 0:15:46.480 --> 0:15:48.120 would have, you know, a big impact, because if the 0:15:48.160 --> 0:15:50.880 electron wait a different amount, everything would be different, if 0:15:51.040 --> 0:15:53.600 neutrons that different, if the force of gravity or the 0:15:53.600 --> 0:15:56.200 force of the strong force was different the place, everything 0:15:56.200 --> 0:15:59.400 would look different. Oh, I see, because these all these numbers, 0:16:00.000 --> 0:16:02.440 you know, these constants in the laws of physics, they 0:16:02.880 --> 0:16:05.480 seem to be random. It's kind of what you're saying, right, Well, 0:16:05.560 --> 0:16:07.960 they we don't have explanations for them. That's not the 0:16:08.000 --> 0:16:12.440 same as their random, right. One explanation for not knowing 0:16:12.560 --> 0:16:15.040 why the numbers are they are what they are is, oh, 0:16:15.080 --> 0:16:17.680 they're random, but there is no explanation, and so we 0:16:17.680 --> 0:16:20.400 can just sort of put the question aside. And I see, 0:16:20.600 --> 0:16:24.920 it's possible that the electron weighs as much because of 0:16:24.960 --> 0:16:29.640 some mathematical fundamental, you know, construction of the universe. Yeah, exactly. 0:16:29.680 --> 0:16:32.880 Like say, for example, I lose two hundred bucks, and 0:16:32.920 --> 0:16:34.760 the very same day you tell me, hey, look I 0:16:34.800 --> 0:16:38.440 found two hundred bucks. Well that could be random, right, 0:16:38.560 --> 0:16:40.760 or there could be a simpler explanation, like you owe 0:16:40.760 --> 0:16:46.000 me two hundred bucks. Huh, yeah right. You don't sound persuaded, 0:16:46.120 --> 0:16:50.640 you know, I'm saying this is all hypothetical, and yeah, exactly, 0:16:50.680 --> 0:16:53.920 so you know I actually three hundred bucks. Okay, I'll 0:16:53.960 --> 0:16:56.160 wait for the check. Um, I want to pay an 0:16:56.160 --> 0:16:59.800 ice cream please. Um. The goal of physics, remember, is 0:16:59.840 --> 0:17:02.160 to explain these things. It's not just to say, well, 0:17:02.200 --> 0:17:05.640 that's kind of a mystery head scratch, maybe it's random, right, 0:17:06.040 --> 0:17:08.520 is to say, what could explain it? Is there a 0:17:08.560 --> 0:17:12.040 deeper theory of physics that doesn't have these arbitrary numbers 0:17:12.040 --> 0:17:14.399 in it, right, that can explain why the electron is 0:17:14.400 --> 0:17:17.840 the way it is that would be a better theory 0:17:17.840 --> 0:17:20.760 of physics. Like just saying it's random. It's just not 0:17:20.960 --> 0:17:24.080 satisfactory to a physicist. That's right. To me, it's not 0:17:24.119 --> 0:17:28.800 satisfactory at all. It's like saying, stop asking questions. Okay. 0:17:28.880 --> 0:17:31.640 So then you have to posit the idea that maybe 0:17:31.720 --> 0:17:34.640 it's not random. And if it's not random, one possible 0:17:34.680 --> 0:17:38.679 explanation is that they all exist. You have to positive 0:17:39.000 --> 0:17:42.840 is random and then right, and that every possibility is 0:17:42.880 --> 0:17:45.560 tried somewhere, and that this ours was just chosen randomly. 0:17:45.720 --> 0:17:48.879 Oh I see, okay, all right, yeah, alright, alright, so 0:17:48.960 --> 0:17:52.959 let's go past chocolate chip. Okay, what's another flavor of multiverse? 0:17:54.040 --> 0:17:56.119 This is I would say this is like the rainbow 0:17:56.160 --> 0:18:01.240 Sherbet flavor of the multiverse. Flavors of multiverse. You know 0:18:01.320 --> 0:18:05.960 there's only four um. This one is the quantum mechanics multiverse. 0:18:06.000 --> 0:18:09.160 This one says, you know what happens when a particle 0:18:09.200 --> 0:18:12.000 has to make a random choice. Right, the Shortinger's cat 0:18:12.000 --> 0:18:14.000 is either dead or alive, and it's random. Right, A 0:18:14.000 --> 0:18:15.840 particle goes to the less split of the right slit. 0:18:16.040 --> 0:18:19.120 It's random. It's very uncomfortable for there to be no 0:18:19.200 --> 0:18:22.119 reason why it chooses one and not the other. So 0:18:22.160 --> 0:18:24.880 this is a version of quantum mechanics called the multi 0:18:24.880 --> 0:18:29.280 world's hypothesis, called the world's interpretation. Where both happened, the 0:18:29.359 --> 0:18:32.840 universe splits, and both things happened. The particle goes into 0:18:32.840 --> 0:18:35.440 the less slit and the right slit. Shortinger's cat is 0:18:35.480 --> 0:18:37.720 dead in one universe and alive in the other one. 0:18:38.160 --> 0:18:43.000 So every quantum interaction generates another universe where the other 0:18:43.080 --> 0:18:47.000 random thing has happened. So every choice of every electron 0:18:47.280 --> 0:18:51.720 and quantum particle in all of existence, every time it 0:18:51.800 --> 0:18:55.480 makes a decision, generates a whole new universe. Yeah, it's 0:18:55.480 --> 0:18:57.439 not a tiny theory, right, I mean we judge these 0:18:57.480 --> 0:19:00.480 theories based on like how simple are they? How compact 0:19:00.520 --> 0:19:03.639 link can you explain everything? And this theory generates a 0:19:03.720 --> 0:19:08.840 whole entire universe for every particle interaction. Ever, right, that's 0:19:08.880 --> 0:19:11.280 a lot of universes, So it's not a whole lot 0:19:11.320 --> 0:19:13.760 of simplicity. Is the idea that they like these things 0:19:13.840 --> 0:19:17.880 get generated or is it just that everything, every possibility 0:19:18.040 --> 0:19:20.359 exists at the same time. Do you know what I mean? Like, 0:19:20.680 --> 0:19:23.480 is it kind of like it actually pops into existence? 0:19:23.560 --> 0:19:26.320 Is it into the past as well as the future. Yeah, 0:19:26.359 --> 0:19:30.200 I think they are created in that moment. They only 0:19:30.240 --> 0:19:33.320 start from when the choice happen because they split, right, 0:19:33.320 --> 0:19:37.080 So the number of universes is growing and we all 0:19:37.119 --> 0:19:39.960 just exist at the same time, like in the same 0:19:39.960 --> 0:19:43.000 spot in the universe in reality, do you know what 0:19:43.040 --> 0:19:44.560 I mean? Like are we on top of each other? 0:19:45.080 --> 0:19:47.399 That's not a well defined question, right, We're not in 0:19:47.440 --> 0:19:51.320 the same space because you know, our past is different 0:19:51.359 --> 0:19:54.359 from the other universe is past, right in our in 0:19:54.359 --> 0:19:56.800 our past the cat is dead or in their past 0:19:56.800 --> 0:19:59.520 the cat is alive, and so we can't interact with 0:19:59.560 --> 0:20:02.040 them at all. They would be like in a different space. 0:20:02.080 --> 0:20:03.560 I mean there's it would be a universe be just 0:20:03.640 --> 0:20:05.840 as valid. There would be ice cream and pretzels and 0:20:05.840 --> 0:20:08.360 all sorts of stuff in that universe as well, although 0:20:08.560 --> 0:20:10.840 it would just be slightly different and we can't travel 0:20:10.880 --> 0:20:13.880 from one to the other. They're like causally disconnected, right 0:20:13.880 --> 0:20:17.359 because they have a different past history, So you can't 0:20:17.400 --> 0:20:19.600 get from one of the other. So where is that one? 0:20:20.080 --> 0:20:22.240 That question requires you to like put both of them 0:20:22.240 --> 0:20:25.040 in some space and then answer the question of how 0:20:25.080 --> 0:20:27.240 to get from one to the other. But they're just different, 0:20:27.320 --> 0:20:29.960 you know, they're like it's like asking how close is 0:20:30.000 --> 0:20:32.040 the page in this book to that page and that 0:20:32.119 --> 0:20:35.080 other book in China? You know, like there are different books, 0:20:35.280 --> 0:20:38.639 you know, right. Yeah, So that's the quantum mechanical and 0:20:38.760 --> 0:20:40.920 that was sort of mind blowing. And before people think 0:20:41.040 --> 0:20:45.040 that's ridiculous, remember that there is no satisfactory answer to 0:20:45.080 --> 0:20:47.919 the question and quantum mechanics of how that randomness has 0:20:48.000 --> 0:20:53.520 chosen Why the electron turn left and right? Yes, exactly 0:20:53.520 --> 0:20:55.679 why I left and not right? Yeah? And so that 0:20:55.800 --> 0:20:58.240 randomness is frustrating, right, and you'd like to have an answer, 0:20:58.240 --> 0:20:59.920 and the answer we have from quantum mechanics. The Cope 0:21:00.000 --> 0:21:03.960 Hagan interpretation, the alternative to the multi worlds says that 0:21:04.040 --> 0:21:06.480 it makes a choice. The universe throws a dice, right, 0:21:06.720 --> 0:21:09.440 Like that's kind of crazy. Also, you know, like where 0:21:09.520 --> 0:21:11.479 is this dice? Who's in charge of throwing it? How 0:21:11.480 --> 0:21:14.320 does it work? You know? Is it really random? Why 0:21:14.400 --> 0:21:17.080 not strange? I find it natural? Doesn't? You know? Like 0:21:17.119 --> 0:21:19.359 the universe just made the decision and that's what it is. 0:21:20.320 --> 0:21:22.240