1 00:00:07,840 --> 00:00:09,840 Speaker 1: Do you ever wonder what your life would have been 2 00:00:09,880 --> 00:00:12,640 Speaker 1: like if you had made different choices? You mean, like 3 00:00:12,680 --> 00:00:15,200 Speaker 1: if I had tea this morning instead of coffee, Yeah, 4 00:00:15,200 --> 00:00:18,159 Speaker 1: I know. Like if six people had voted differently in 5 00:00:18,239 --> 00:00:21,079 Speaker 1: Florida in the year two thousand, well the whole world 6 00:00:21,079 --> 00:00:23,520 Speaker 1: would be different in that case. Sometimes I wonder, like 7 00:00:23,600 --> 00:00:25,520 Speaker 1: what would have happened if I didn't go on that 8 00:00:25,520 --> 00:00:27,520 Speaker 1: first day with my spouse, or you know, we went 9 00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:30,280 Speaker 1: to a different restaurant, or we went for coffee instead 10 00:00:30,280 --> 00:00:32,560 Speaker 1: of dinner, yeah, I know, or like if you had 11 00:00:32,920 --> 00:00:36,520 Speaker 1: um conceived your children one minute earlier or a minute later. 12 00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:39,520 Speaker 1: It's incredible and thinking about all the other different lives 13 00:00:39,560 --> 00:00:42,120 Speaker 1: you might have lived. But the amazing thing is that 14 00:00:42,159 --> 00:00:45,120 Speaker 1: there are some physicists out there that think that those 15 00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:48,320 Speaker 1: other us they might be real. They might be out there, 16 00:00:48,400 --> 00:00:51,080 Speaker 1: they might be living your other lives. And this is 17 00:00:51,120 --> 00:00:53,880 Speaker 1: not a theory or an idea. They think it might 18 00:00:53,920 --> 00:00:57,760 Speaker 1: be reality. That's right somewhere out there. There's another podcast 19 00:00:57,800 --> 00:01:16,760 Speaker 1: talking about whether you might be real. I am Poorhand 20 00:01:16,880 --> 00:01:20,640 Speaker 1: number one thou seventy six, and in this universe, I 21 00:01:20,680 --> 00:01:23,960 Speaker 1: am a cartoonists and I'm Daniel number zero and I'm 22 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:27,199 Speaker 1: a particle physicist. I smashed particles together at the large 23 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:29,760 Speaker 1: hay John Collider. Oh wow, so this time I get 24 00:01:29,880 --> 00:01:33,000 Speaker 1: we get Daniel number zero like the original. This is 25 00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:34,800 Speaker 1: the prototype. Yes, so you know it might not all 26 00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:36,880 Speaker 1: be functioning. There's still some bugs being worked out. This 27 00:01:36,920 --> 00:01:41,080 Speaker 1: is the beta version of Daniel Daniel zero point zero, 28 00:01:42,200 --> 00:01:46,800 Speaker 1: Daniel the mold Um And this is our podcast Daniel 29 00:01:46,840 --> 00:01:49,960 Speaker 1: and Jorge explain the universe. And this time we're not 30 00:01:50,040 --> 00:01:52,160 Speaker 1: just going to take the universe and explain it to 31 00:01:52,200 --> 00:01:53,840 Speaker 1: you in a way that actually makes sense. We're gonna 32 00:01:53,840 --> 00:01:57,680 Speaker 1: go bigger. We're gonna go beyond. We're gonna go multi 33 00:01:57,720 --> 00:02:01,760 Speaker 1: We're going plaid beyond the diverse, bigger than the universe. 34 00:02:01,960 --> 00:02:03,920 Speaker 1: That's right, bigger than the universe. We're going to think 35 00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:07,160 Speaker 1: about the depths of infinity. What is infinity? How far 36 00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:09,959 Speaker 1: can you go? How infinite is the universe? Are there 37 00:02:09,960 --> 00:02:13,280 Speaker 1: other universes out there? I know this sounds like a 38 00:02:13,440 --> 00:02:15,480 Speaker 1: crazy call in show. You might have a three in 39 00:02:15,480 --> 00:02:17,520 Speaker 1: the morning on an a M radio station, but it's 40 00:02:17,520 --> 00:02:25,000 Speaker 1: a real science podcast to be on the program. The 41 00:02:25,240 --> 00:02:30,840 Speaker 1: MULTIVERSEUS multivirus, multiverse, It's echoing through all those other universes, right, 42 00:02:30,880 --> 00:02:34,400 Speaker 1: that's right. Um, the multiverse is an amazing concept, mostly 43 00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:37,519 Speaker 1: because it gets you to think about the concept of infinity. 44 00:02:37,720 --> 00:02:41,200 Speaker 1: You know how if things really go on forever and 45 00:02:41,280 --> 00:02:45,280 Speaker 1: you get to try everything, then anything that's possible eventually 46 00:02:45,280 --> 00:02:49,880 Speaker 1: will happen, no matter how improbable, it's probably happening in 47 00:02:49,919 --> 00:02:54,560 Speaker 1: an infinite multiverse. That's right. That's the wonderful, mind bending 48 00:02:54,639 --> 00:02:57,959 Speaker 1: concept of the multiverse. That's what makes it such an attractive, 49 00:02:58,400 --> 00:03:01,799 Speaker 1: like philosophical idea. I mean, the multiverse is really penetrated 50 00:03:01,880 --> 00:03:04,360 Speaker 1: into into culture. And I know that because when I 51 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:08,519 Speaker 1: was typing multiverse into my phone, it auto corrected for multiverse, 52 00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:11,480 Speaker 1: like that's a word in my phone's library, which means, 53 00:03:11,560 --> 00:03:13,520 Speaker 1: you know, it must be a real thing, right, So 54 00:03:13,680 --> 00:03:19,120 Speaker 1: not not multiplication, not, um, you know something basic the 55 00:03:19,200 --> 00:03:21,880 Speaker 1: multiverse was to go to with multi Yeah, it's a 56 00:03:21,880 --> 00:03:25,240 Speaker 1: really smart device, Like, oh, are you talking about the multiverse? Yeah, 57 00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:28,440 Speaker 1: let's complete the multiverse. My phone is totally ready for 58 00:03:28,440 --> 00:03:31,600 Speaker 1: this podcast. I know all about the multiverse. The machines. No, 59 00:03:32,240 --> 00:03:34,720 Speaker 1: that's right. So in today's episode, we thought we would 60 00:03:34,720 --> 00:03:37,160 Speaker 1: take the concept of the multiverse and break it down 61 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:39,560 Speaker 1: for you, explain to you, what is it? Why is 62 00:03:39,600 --> 00:03:41,680 Speaker 1: it a real thing? Why do scientists talk about it? 63 00:03:41,840 --> 00:03:44,840 Speaker 1: And are they actually crazy? Is it even possible that 64 00:03:44,880 --> 00:03:49,360 Speaker 1: there's more than one universe out there? That's right? Doesn't 65 00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:52,600 Speaker 1: even make sense? And as usual, Daniel went out and 66 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:54,720 Speaker 1: asked people on the street if they knew what the 67 00:03:54,800 --> 00:03:57,840 Speaker 1: multiverse was. Before you hear them, think to yourself, what 68 00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:01,680 Speaker 1: is your idea of the multiverse? Would you answer this question? 69 00:04:02,960 --> 00:04:05,400 Speaker 1: Here's what people had to say, do you know what 70 00:04:05,440 --> 00:04:10,920 Speaker 1: the multiverse is? Not? Really? Have you heard of the multiverse? No? 71 00:04:11,040 --> 00:04:16,040 Speaker 1: I haven't you heard of the multiverse? No? My impression 72 00:04:16,240 --> 00:04:18,719 Speaker 1: from having been around this kind of science for a 73 00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:21,719 Speaker 1: few years is that it's a bit fantastical and it 74 00:04:21,760 --> 00:04:26,040 Speaker 1: does not seem likely to be the truth. I think 75 00:04:26,040 --> 00:04:29,600 Speaker 1: of it as like a serious of like our universes 76 00:04:29,640 --> 00:04:31,960 Speaker 1: are like all kind of connected to the bar separate. 77 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:36,480 Speaker 1: That's from comic books, isn't it okay? So most of 78 00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:39,359 Speaker 1: people didn't seem to know what the multiverse was, which 79 00:04:39,400 --> 00:04:42,440 Speaker 1: was surprising to me as a comics fan who was 80 00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:46,520 Speaker 1: very familiar with the DC Universe, multiverse and the Marvel multiverse. 81 00:04:46,760 --> 00:04:48,800 Speaker 1: That was my favorite answer. The one person who said 82 00:04:48,960 --> 00:04:52,880 Speaker 1: isn't that a thing from comic books? I love that answer. 83 00:04:53,440 --> 00:04:56,480 Speaker 1: I love the answer, and I should reveal a secret, Horry, 84 00:04:56,600 --> 00:04:59,400 Speaker 1: which is one of these answers was from my wife. 85 00:05:00,320 --> 00:05:01,919 Speaker 1: I will not tell you which one. I will not 86 00:05:01,960 --> 00:05:03,880 Speaker 1: tell you which one. And the for the purpose of 87 00:05:04,040 --> 00:05:07,240 Speaker 1: contemper of continuing her enonymity. But one of those is 88 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:10,240 Speaker 1: her ANSWER's interesting? You mean the one with the beautiful voice, right, 89 00:05:12,120 --> 00:05:14,559 Speaker 1: the one where she's like, this is a ridiculous question, 90 00:05:14,560 --> 00:05:16,960 Speaker 1: and I can't believe you're interviewing me for your podcast. 91 00:05:17,760 --> 00:05:20,080 Speaker 1: So many better things to do, trying to make dinner here, 92 00:05:21,839 --> 00:05:25,240 Speaker 1: I make dinner. Excuse me, no dinner. I interviewed her 93 00:05:25,360 --> 00:05:28,640 Speaker 1: while I was making dinner anyway. Um, but a lot 94 00:05:28,640 --> 00:05:30,800 Speaker 1: of people, yeah, do they just haven't even heard of it, right, 95 00:05:30,839 --> 00:05:32,960 Speaker 1: Like some people haven't heard it at all. Yeah, it's 96 00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:35,400 Speaker 1: interesting because and this is one of these words that 97 00:05:35,480 --> 00:05:37,800 Speaker 1: you would think sort of explain itself, just with the 98 00:05:37,800 --> 00:05:41,480 Speaker 1: word multiverse, like a multiple universe, and nobody sort of 99 00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:43,240 Speaker 1: even try to guess. I don't know, I don't think 100 00:05:43,240 --> 00:05:45,719 Speaker 1: that explains itself. I mean, if you ask me the question, 101 00:05:45,800 --> 00:05:48,480 Speaker 1: what is on multiverse, I might say it's a poem 102 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:53,360 Speaker 1: with multiple stanzas, you know, like multiverse, I wouldn't necessarily 103 00:05:53,400 --> 00:05:57,320 Speaker 1: think crazy physics theory that spans the depths of infinity 104 00:05:58,760 --> 00:06:01,839 Speaker 1: or comic book and constant. And you know, I have 105 00:06:01,960 --> 00:06:05,520 Speaker 1: a quibble with the word, you know, like if universe 106 00:06:05,880 --> 00:06:08,880 Speaker 1: is supposed to mean everything, then how can there by 107 00:06:08,880 --> 00:06:13,240 Speaker 1: definition be a multiverse? Right, Like you can't have multiple everything's. 108 00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:17,640 Speaker 1: It's like a uni universe. That's right. If I say 109 00:06:17,839 --> 00:06:19,279 Speaker 1: give me all your money, and you give me all 110 00:06:19,320 --> 00:06:21,039 Speaker 1: your money and then and then you still have money, 111 00:06:21,120 --> 00:06:24,240 Speaker 1: then you haven't really given me all your money. Right. 112 00:06:25,080 --> 00:06:27,080 Speaker 1: I want to rob. I want to rob the multibank. 113 00:06:32,720 --> 00:06:36,359 Speaker 1: What is the multiverse? The multiverse is a concept in 114 00:06:36,360 --> 00:06:39,440 Speaker 1: physics which tries to grapple with infinity and grapples with 115 00:06:39,480 --> 00:06:42,880 Speaker 1: infinity and multiple different ways. So there's the multiverse, but 116 00:06:42,880 --> 00:06:46,680 Speaker 1: it's actually multiple different multiverse theories, right, But they all 117 00:06:46,720 --> 00:06:49,599 Speaker 1: share one thing in common, which is that they're trying 118 00:06:49,680 --> 00:06:53,120 Speaker 1: to explain when there's an arbitrary nous. They're trying to 119 00:06:53,160 --> 00:06:56,040 Speaker 1: grapple with the fact that our universe seems random, like 120 00:06:56,240 --> 00:06:58,360 Speaker 1: it's this way and not that other way. And the 121 00:06:58,400 --> 00:07:01,600 Speaker 1: way they explained that is by suggesting maybe every way 122 00:07:01,720 --> 00:07:04,200 Speaker 1: is explored by the multiverse and we just happened to 123 00:07:04,240 --> 00:07:07,279 Speaker 1: live in this one. Right. And so when you find 124 00:07:07,360 --> 00:07:09,960 Speaker 1: something in the universe which seems like it could have 125 00:07:09,960 --> 00:07:12,440 Speaker 1: been different, and you'll wonder why is it this and 126 00:07:12,480 --> 00:07:15,120 Speaker 1: not something else, the multiverse is there to calling you 127 00:07:15,200 --> 00:07:18,080 Speaker 1: and say, well, maybe everything is explored somewhere, and there's 128 00:07:18,120 --> 00:07:20,080 Speaker 1: no reason for it to be this and not the other. 129 00:07:20,080 --> 00:07:22,520 Speaker 1: It's just random. Right. So that's kind of the reason 130 00:07:22,600 --> 00:07:26,080 Speaker 1: why physicists considerate. But as a concept, what does it mean. 131 00:07:26,280 --> 00:07:29,880 Speaker 1: It means multiple universes, right, that's it's a contraction of 132 00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:34,520 Speaker 1: multiple universes. Yeah, it means multiple universes. Um. But then again, 133 00:07:34,800 --> 00:07:37,480 Speaker 1: different physicists mean different things by by that. And so 134 00:07:37,720 --> 00:07:39,560 Speaker 1: there's a guy named Max tech Mark. He's a really 135 00:07:39,600 --> 00:07:43,360 Speaker 1: smart guy. I read his book. It's called Our Mathematically Universe, 136 00:07:43,840 --> 00:07:46,400 Speaker 1: and it's a fascinating book. It's like six pages. It's well, 137 00:07:46,480 --> 00:07:48,800 Speaker 1: it's well written, but in it he has a really 138 00:07:48,880 --> 00:07:51,560 Speaker 1: nice categorization of the different kinds of multiverses. So I 139 00:07:51,560 --> 00:07:55,240 Speaker 1: thought we'd follow that. Okay, so wait, there's like multi multiverses. 140 00:07:55,720 --> 00:08:00,720 Speaker 1: That's right, multi multi multiverse, the uni multi multi universe. 141 00:08:01,800 --> 00:08:05,320 Speaker 1: That's right, exactly. Um, they all have the same agent actually, 142 00:08:05,320 --> 00:08:07,880 Speaker 1: so you can just pay them all directly. Okay, So 143 00:08:08,240 --> 00:08:11,280 Speaker 1: there's what you're saying. There's a way to classify the 144 00:08:11,480 --> 00:08:17,120 Speaker 1: different versions of the idea of the multiverse. Yeah, that's right. 145 00:08:17,160 --> 00:08:19,800 Speaker 1: I feel like we're like three layers into the inception here, 146 00:08:21,800 --> 00:08:25,040 Speaker 1: be prepared for more levels. I talk about what it's like, 147 00:08:25,520 --> 00:08:28,120 Speaker 1: what is one What what is one version of the multiverse. 148 00:08:28,160 --> 00:08:31,880 Speaker 1: It's like the idea that there are multiple versions of 149 00:08:32,040 --> 00:08:35,959 Speaker 1: like like our universe is just one version of the universe, 150 00:08:36,040 --> 00:08:39,160 Speaker 1: and there might be other versions of the universe out there. Right, 151 00:08:39,200 --> 00:08:41,520 Speaker 1: that's the kind of basic idea, right, that's the whole 152 00:08:41,600 --> 00:08:45,440 Speaker 1: overall arching framework. But what the multi means depends on 153 00:08:45,480 --> 00:08:47,520 Speaker 1: what you mean by the uni. Right. So for example, 154 00:08:47,559 --> 00:08:50,520 Speaker 1: so let's get concrete, right, Um, some people think about 155 00:08:50,600 --> 00:08:53,840 Speaker 1: the observable universe is our universe. That's just everything we 156 00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:56,880 Speaker 1: can see, right. Remember you can't see the whole universe 157 00:08:57,160 --> 00:09:00,319 Speaker 1: because light doesn't travel infinitely fast. It travels its speed 158 00:09:00,320 --> 00:09:02,320 Speaker 1: of light, and so you can only see as far 159 00:09:02,480 --> 00:09:05,199 Speaker 1: as light has had time to travel in the history 160 00:09:05,200 --> 00:09:07,760 Speaker 1: of the universe. Right, it's all everything we can see 161 00:09:07,800 --> 00:09:09,880 Speaker 1: because there might be stuff that we can't see in 162 00:09:09,920 --> 00:09:12,640 Speaker 1: the universe exactly, there's other stuff out there. Now, some 163 00:09:12,679 --> 00:09:15,720 Speaker 1: people think, oh, the multiverse is all these different bubbles. 164 00:09:15,720 --> 00:09:19,440 Speaker 1: There's like my observable universe, and then somewhere super far away, 165 00:09:20,040 --> 00:09:23,200 Speaker 1: maybe there's another me, and that other me has an 166 00:09:23,200 --> 00:09:26,800 Speaker 1: observable universe that's centered around them, Okay, And so from 167 00:09:26,840 --> 00:09:30,160 Speaker 1: that concept, the multiverse is probing the fact that the 168 00:09:30,240 --> 00:09:33,520 Speaker 1: universe seems to have started randomly, Like why do we 169 00:09:33,720 --> 00:09:35,800 Speaker 1: have the Milky Way? And why does the Milky Way 170 00:09:35,840 --> 00:09:37,960 Speaker 1: look the way it does and not like another galaxy. 171 00:09:38,440 --> 00:09:40,840 Speaker 1: You can trace that all the way back to like 172 00:09:40,920 --> 00:09:45,160 Speaker 1: the initial conditions of the universe, the arrangement of molecules 173 00:09:45,160 --> 00:09:48,120 Speaker 1: in the very very early universe, which inevitably led to 174 00:09:48,120 --> 00:09:50,880 Speaker 1: the Milky Way. What if that arrangement had been a 175 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:53,800 Speaker 1: tiny bit different, right, you had coffee instead of tu 176 00:09:54,120 --> 00:09:57,360 Speaker 1: had had taken that break differently, or whatever, some tiny 177 00:09:57,400 --> 00:09:59,840 Speaker 1: thing had been different than the Milky Way would look different. 178 00:10:00,200 --> 00:10:02,679 Speaker 1: So that simplest multiverse is just the way of saying 179 00:10:03,200 --> 00:10:07,200 Speaker 1: every possible initial condition for the universe started somewhere else, 180 00:10:07,240 --> 00:10:09,760 Speaker 1: and so all those other possibilities might be out there 181 00:10:09,800 --> 00:10:13,000 Speaker 1: there's a version of Jorge, you know, with the blonde hair, 182 00:10:13,080 --> 00:10:15,680 Speaker 1: and there's a version of the of the Earth where 183 00:10:15,679 --> 00:10:19,240 Speaker 1: there's big lying blue dragons streaking through the skyle. Right, 184 00:10:19,360 --> 00:10:21,720 Speaker 1: But you're sort of assuming that the space we're in 185 00:10:21,840 --> 00:10:25,960 Speaker 1: our universe goes on forever infinity. Yes, And you're saying 186 00:10:25,960 --> 00:10:28,480 Speaker 1: that a version of the multiverse is one in which 187 00:10:29,160 --> 00:10:31,960 Speaker 1: if you just keep going in one direction, at some point, 188 00:10:32,080 --> 00:10:34,480 Speaker 1: things will start to kind of repeat itself, but maybe 189 00:10:34,559 --> 00:10:36,920 Speaker 1: not quite the same way, that's right, because they start 190 00:10:36,960 --> 00:10:40,160 Speaker 1: from different initial conditions, right, Okay, but there's still the 191 00:10:40,200 --> 00:10:44,080 Speaker 1: same universe. It's the same space, right. Okay, So that's 192 00:10:44,120 --> 00:10:46,440 Speaker 1: one idea. It's the same space and the same laws 193 00:10:46,440 --> 00:10:50,160 Speaker 1: of physics. But remember what is the concept that that answers? What? What? 194 00:10:50,360 --> 00:10:53,480 Speaker 1: What problem in physics? Does that address the problem in 195 00:10:53,520 --> 00:10:56,120 Speaker 1: physics and addresses is the fact that, you know, we 196 00:10:56,160 --> 00:10:58,360 Speaker 1: don't know why we have this set of initial conditions 197 00:10:58,360 --> 00:11:00,599 Speaker 1: and not some other. Right, one of the particles that 198 00:11:00,679 --> 00:11:03,760 Speaker 1: started off this observable universe arranged in that way and 199 00:11:03,760 --> 00:11:05,400 Speaker 1: not another. And this is just the way of saying 200 00:11:05,600 --> 00:11:09,160 Speaker 1: it doesn't matter because every possibility is tried, so we 201 00:11:09,160 --> 00:11:11,440 Speaker 1: don't have to answer that question anymore? But well, why 202 00:11:11,440 --> 00:11:14,040 Speaker 1: do physicists have so much trouble with this concept? Like 203 00:11:14,080 --> 00:11:16,440 Speaker 1: why couldn't just we just be a random role of 204 00:11:16,440 --> 00:11:18,800 Speaker 1: to die? And that's just the way it is. Why 205 00:11:18,840 --> 00:11:20,880 Speaker 1: does it need whether is it? Why does there need 206 00:11:20,920 --> 00:11:23,439 Speaker 1: to be every possible role of to die? Are you 207 00:11:23,440 --> 00:11:26,800 Speaker 1: you're basically asking me why do physicists look for answers? Right? 208 00:11:27,559 --> 00:11:30,200 Speaker 1: I mean that's the job. You know, you look at 209 00:11:30,200 --> 00:11:32,000 Speaker 1: the university and say, why is it this and not that? 210 00:11:32,120 --> 00:11:34,960 Speaker 1: Is there meaning to it? Or is it random? Right? 211 00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:37,000 Speaker 1: Because if there's meaning to it, then you can get 212 00:11:37,040 --> 00:11:39,280 Speaker 1: some inside. You could have just said, hey, look there's 213 00:11:39,440 --> 00:11:41,880 Speaker 1: a hundred elements in the periodic table and that's all 214 00:11:41,920 --> 00:11:44,440 Speaker 1: there is. And why that hundred elements? I don't know, 215 00:11:44,520 --> 00:11:46,959 Speaker 1: it's just random? Right? Well? I mean no, I mean 216 00:11:47,040 --> 00:11:48,920 Speaker 1: in the sense that it could be. It's like I 217 00:11:48,960 --> 00:11:50,920 Speaker 1: have five dollars in my pocket, and you know, I 218 00:11:50,920 --> 00:11:52,960 Speaker 1: could spend time thinking about why I have five dollars, 219 00:11:53,080 --> 00:11:55,200 Speaker 1: or I could spend an infinite amount amount of time 220 00:11:55,280 --> 00:11:57,760 Speaker 1: thinking about why I don't have six dollars, seven dollars, 221 00:11:57,800 --> 00:11:59,920 Speaker 1: eight dollars, ten dollars. Do you know what I mean? Like, 222 00:12:00,040 --> 00:12:01,760 Speaker 1: why can't I just be happy that with the fact 223 00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:03,880 Speaker 1: that I have five dollars. Well, I think you hit 224 00:12:03,920 --> 00:12:07,480 Speaker 1: the nail. The head physicists are never happened. That's the problem. 225 00:12:07,559 --> 00:12:10,120 Speaker 1: The comdue to our deep seated depression that we need 226 00:12:10,160 --> 00:12:13,600 Speaker 1: to answer this question. No, we want to know why, 227 00:12:13,720 --> 00:12:15,839 Speaker 1: and and the answer it's just a random choice, is 228 00:12:15,840 --> 00:12:18,400 Speaker 1: not satisfied. Okay, but this seems to be like the 229 00:12:18,440 --> 00:12:21,000 Speaker 1: most vanilla version of the multiverse. You're just saying that 230 00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:24,600 Speaker 1: the multiverse. One version of the multiverse issues that it's 231 00:12:24,640 --> 00:12:27,280 Speaker 1: so big and that there's sort of different neighborhoods where 232 00:12:27,280 --> 00:12:29,440 Speaker 1: different things could have happened. That's right, So that's the 233 00:12:29,440 --> 00:12:31,880 Speaker 1: most vanilla. So now let's go to chocolate chip. Let's 234 00:12:31,880 --> 00:12:38,440 Speaker 1: go to the slightly more interesting multiverse flavor. What if 235 00:12:38,520 --> 00:12:41,920 Speaker 1: in other parts of space, deep deep, deep, far away, 236 00:12:42,280 --> 00:12:45,000 Speaker 1: maybe it wasn't just the initial conditions of where the 237 00:12:45,040 --> 00:12:48,600 Speaker 1: part how the particles were arranged, but maybe the constants 238 00:12:48,640 --> 00:12:51,320 Speaker 1: of the laws of physics themselves are different. Like what 239 00:12:51,440 --> 00:12:54,880 Speaker 1: if the mass of an electron is different bijillion light 240 00:12:54,960 --> 00:12:59,080 Speaker 1: years away, or the strength of gravity is different bijillion 241 00:12:59,160 --> 00:13:03,480 Speaker 1: light years away, Because there's nothing that says that's not possible. 242 00:13:03,600 --> 00:13:06,079 Speaker 1: There's nothing that says that's not possible. Because these numbers, 243 00:13:06,080 --> 00:13:08,400 Speaker 1: we have no reason to explain what the mass of 244 00:13:08,440 --> 00:13:11,280 Speaker 1: the electron is, we have no reason to explain why 245 00:13:11,360 --> 00:13:14,040 Speaker 1: gravity has the strength that does a right And so 246 00:13:14,120 --> 00:13:16,280 Speaker 1: you think, well, maybe they're just random. So that's the 247 00:13:16,280 --> 00:13:18,000 Speaker 1: way to answer to say, well, oh, it's just a 248 00:13:18,080 --> 00:13:21,160 Speaker 1: random number. And every possibility is tried eventually, and we're 249 00:13:21,160 --> 00:13:22,960 Speaker 1: just in the one that happens to be this one. 250 00:13:23,120 --> 00:13:26,680 Speaker 1: We're just in the neighborhood where the electron ways, you know, 251 00:13:27,360 --> 00:13:31,480 Speaker 1: point six ev exactly. And there's two varieties of this one, right, 252 00:13:31,520 --> 00:13:35,000 Speaker 1: there's either the laws of physics are different somewhere else 253 00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:38,400 Speaker 1: in our very very large universe, or you have like 254 00:13:38,600 --> 00:13:42,600 Speaker 1: different spaces, so like these universes are not connected, Like 255 00:13:42,720 --> 00:13:46,160 Speaker 1: there's the space of our universe and somehow there's another 256 00:13:46,280 --> 00:13:49,400 Speaker 1: universe with a different set of laws of physics because 257 00:13:49,440 --> 00:13:51,719 Speaker 1: the masses of the electron at different, the strength of 258 00:13:51,760 --> 00:13:54,200 Speaker 1: gravity is different, and those spaces don't necessarily have to 259 00:13:54,200 --> 00:13:56,840 Speaker 1: be connected. What do you mean, like you can't travel 260 00:13:56,880 --> 00:13:59,440 Speaker 1: in a straight line from one area to the other 261 00:13:59,559 --> 00:14:02,400 Speaker 1: one because something would stop you. Yeah, that one makes 262 00:14:02,400 --> 00:14:05,200 Speaker 1: me a little bit more sense, because it's weird to 263 00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:08,200 Speaker 1: have different masses of the electrons in the same space. 264 00:14:08,280 --> 00:14:10,880 Speaker 1: I mean, I guess it's possible, right, but it's seems 265 00:14:10,920 --> 00:14:14,640 Speaker 1: somehow more comforting if those other universes with different laws 266 00:14:14,640 --> 00:14:17,360 Speaker 1: of physics were somehow disconnected from hours. Okay, but what 267 00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:20,440 Speaker 1: would stop you from going to that other universe? Well, 268 00:14:20,480 --> 00:14:23,080 Speaker 1: if it's not connected to ours, you just can't get there, 269 00:14:23,240 --> 00:14:24,960 Speaker 1: you know. I Mean, we had a whole podcast about 270 00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:26,760 Speaker 1: like the shape of space, right, and we're talking about 271 00:14:26,760 --> 00:14:29,920 Speaker 1: how space could be infinite, or it could be closed. 272 00:14:29,960 --> 00:14:32,560 Speaker 1: It could be that you could travel forever and come 273 00:14:32,560 --> 00:14:35,680 Speaker 1: back to where you started, etcetera. It's like close pockets 274 00:14:35,680 --> 00:14:38,960 Speaker 1: of space. Yeah, it could also be disconnected, right, you 275 00:14:38,960 --> 00:14:41,720 Speaker 1: could have two separate pockets of space that you just 276 00:14:41,760 --> 00:14:45,280 Speaker 1: can't travel from one to the other, like bubbles of space. Right. 277 00:14:45,320 --> 00:14:46,840 Speaker 1: And then if you have two, you could have three, 278 00:14:46,920 --> 00:14:49,000 Speaker 1: you could have four, you could have a jillion, right. 279 00:14:49,040 --> 00:14:51,080 Speaker 1: Why not? There, it's on sale, take as many as 280 00:14:51,120 --> 00:14:55,000 Speaker 1: your life. Uh. Okay, So let's get into the other 281 00:14:55,040 --> 00:15:10,720 Speaker 1: types of multiverses. But first let's take a quick break. Okay. 282 00:15:10,760 --> 00:15:14,960 Speaker 1: So we're in the chocolate chip flavor multiverse where we're 283 00:15:15,040 --> 00:15:18,880 Speaker 1: literally the universes are like chocolate chips, you know, like that, 284 00:15:19,560 --> 00:15:23,160 Speaker 1: you're like little chocolate chips sprinkled in in on in 285 00:15:23,440 --> 00:15:26,240 Speaker 1: the ice cream of infinity. Yeah, exactly, and each each 286 00:15:26,240 --> 00:15:28,360 Speaker 1: one could be infinite, right, and then you just you 287 00:15:28,360 --> 00:15:30,600 Speaker 1: can think of them as like layers in a pastry, 288 00:15:30,800 --> 00:15:33,360 Speaker 1: or you can think of those chocolate chips or something, 289 00:15:33,480 --> 00:15:35,600 Speaker 1: or you could think maybe Daniels should have eaten something 290 00:15:35,640 --> 00:15:37,760 Speaker 1: before he did this podcast, or because all of his 291 00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:40,920 Speaker 1: analogies seemed to be about food. Um, but yeah, that's 292 00:15:40,920 --> 00:15:43,360 Speaker 1: the general idea, okay, that that there could be other 293 00:15:43,440 --> 00:15:46,440 Speaker 1: universes with different constants of the laws of physics, which 294 00:15:46,480 --> 00:15:48,120 Speaker 1: would have, you know, a big impact, because if the 295 00:15:48,160 --> 00:15:50,880 Speaker 1: electron wait a different amount, everything would be different, if 296 00:15:51,040 --> 00:15:53,600 Speaker 1: neutrons that different, if the force of gravity or the 297 00:15:53,600 --> 00:15:56,200 Speaker 1: force of the strong force was different the place, everything 298 00:15:56,200 --> 00:15:59,400 Speaker 1: would look different. Oh, I see, because these all these numbers, 299 00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:02,440 Speaker 1: you know, these constants in the laws of physics, they 300 00:16:02,880 --> 00:16:05,480 Speaker 1: seem to be random. It's kind of what you're saying, right, Well, 301 00:16:05,560 --> 00:16:07,960 Speaker 1: they we don't have explanations for them. That's not the 302 00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:12,440 Speaker 1: same as their random, right. One explanation for not knowing 303 00:16:12,560 --> 00:16:15,040 Speaker 1: why the numbers are they are what they are is, oh, 304 00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:17,680 Speaker 1: they're random, but there is no explanation, and so we 305 00:16:17,680 --> 00:16:20,400 Speaker 1: can just sort of put the question aside. And I see, 306 00:16:20,600 --> 00:16:24,920 Speaker 1: it's possible that the electron weighs as much because of 307 00:16:24,960 --> 00:16:29,640 Speaker 1: some mathematical fundamental, you know, construction of the universe. Yeah, exactly. 308 00:16:29,680 --> 00:16:32,880 Speaker 1: Like say, for example, I lose two hundred bucks, and 309 00:16:32,920 --> 00:16:34,760 Speaker 1: the very same day you tell me, hey, look I 310 00:16:34,800 --> 00:16:38,440 Speaker 1: found two hundred bucks. Well that could be random, right, 311 00:16:38,560 --> 00:16:40,760 Speaker 1: or there could be a simpler explanation, like you owe 312 00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:46,000 Speaker 1: me two hundred bucks. Huh, yeah right. You don't sound persuaded, 313 00:16:46,120 --> 00:16:50,640 Speaker 1: you know, I'm saying this is all hypothetical, and yeah, exactly, 314 00:16:50,680 --> 00:16:53,920 Speaker 1: so you know I actually three hundred bucks. Okay, I'll 315 00:16:53,960 --> 00:16:56,160 Speaker 1: wait for the check. Um, I want to pay an 316 00:16:56,160 --> 00:16:59,800 Speaker 1: ice cream please. Um. The goal of physics, remember, is 317 00:16:59,840 --> 00:17:02,160 Speaker 1: to explain these things. It's not just to say, well, 318 00:17:02,200 --> 00:17:05,640 Speaker 1: that's kind of a mystery head scratch, maybe it's random, right, 319 00:17:06,040 --> 00:17:08,520 Speaker 1: is to say, what could explain it? Is there a 320 00:17:08,560 --> 00:17:12,040 Speaker 1: deeper theory of physics that doesn't have these arbitrary numbers 321 00:17:12,040 --> 00:17:14,399 Speaker 1: in it, right, that can explain why the electron is 322 00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:17,840 Speaker 1: the way it is that would be a better theory 323 00:17:17,840 --> 00:17:20,760 Speaker 1: of physics. Like just saying it's random. It's just not 324 00:17:20,960 --> 00:17:24,080 Speaker 1: satisfactory to a physicist. That's right. To me, it's not 325 00:17:24,119 --> 00:17:28,800 Speaker 1: satisfactory at all. It's like saying, stop asking questions. Okay. 326 00:17:28,880 --> 00:17:31,640 Speaker 1: So then you have to posit the idea that maybe 327 00:17:31,720 --> 00:17:34,640 Speaker 1: it's not random. And if it's not random, one possible 328 00:17:34,680 --> 00:17:38,679 Speaker 1: explanation is that they all exist. You have to positive 329 00:17:39,000 --> 00:17:42,840 Speaker 1: is random and then right, and that every possibility is 330 00:17:42,880 --> 00:17:45,560 Speaker 1: tried somewhere, and that this ours was just chosen randomly. 331 00:17:45,720 --> 00:17:48,879 Speaker 1: Oh I see, okay, all right, yeah, alright, alright, so 332 00:17:48,960 --> 00:17:52,959 Speaker 1: let's go past chocolate chip. Okay, what's another flavor of multiverse? 333 00:17:54,040 --> 00:17:56,119 Speaker 1: This is I would say this is like the rainbow 334 00:17:56,160 --> 00:18:01,240 Speaker 1: Sherbet flavor of the multiverse. Flavors of multiverse. You know 335 00:18:01,320 --> 00:18:05,960 Speaker 1: there's only four um. This one is the quantum mechanics multiverse. 336 00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:09,160 Speaker 1: This one says, you know what happens when a particle 337 00:18:09,200 --> 00:18:12,000 Speaker 1: has to make a random choice. Right, the Shortinger's cat 338 00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:14,000 Speaker 1: is either dead or alive, and it's random. Right, A 339 00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:15,840 Speaker 1: particle goes to the less split of the right slit. 340 00:18:16,040 --> 00:18:19,120 Speaker 1: It's random. It's very uncomfortable for there to be no 341 00:18:19,200 --> 00:18:22,119 Speaker 1: reason why it chooses one and not the other. So 342 00:18:22,160 --> 00:18:24,880 Speaker 1: this is a version of quantum mechanics called the multi 343 00:18:24,880 --> 00:18:29,280 Speaker 1: world's hypothesis, called the world's interpretation. Where both happened, the 344 00:18:29,359 --> 00:18:32,840 Speaker 1: universe splits, and both things happened. The particle goes into 345 00:18:32,840 --> 00:18:35,440 Speaker 1: the less slit and the right slit. Shortinger's cat is 346 00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:37,720 Speaker 1: dead in one universe and alive in the other one. 347 00:18:38,160 --> 00:18:43,000 Speaker 1: So every quantum interaction generates another universe where the other 348 00:18:43,080 --> 00:18:47,000 Speaker 1: random thing has happened. So every choice of every electron 349 00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:51,720 Speaker 1: and quantum particle in all of existence, every time it 350 00:18:51,800 --> 00:18:55,480 Speaker 1: makes a decision, generates a whole new universe. Yeah, it's 351 00:18:55,480 --> 00:18:57,439 Speaker 1: not a tiny theory, right, I mean we judge these 352 00:18:57,480 --> 00:19:00,480 Speaker 1: theories based on like how simple are they? How compact 353 00:19:00,520 --> 00:19:03,639 Speaker 1: link can you explain everything? And this theory generates a 354 00:19:03,720 --> 00:19:08,840 Speaker 1: whole entire universe for every particle interaction. Ever, right, that's 355 00:19:08,880 --> 00:19:11,280 Speaker 1: a lot of universes, So it's not a whole lot 356 00:19:11,320 --> 00:19:13,760 Speaker 1: of simplicity. Is the idea that they like these things 357 00:19:13,840 --> 00:19:17,880 Speaker 1: get generated or is it just that everything, every possibility 358 00:19:18,040 --> 00:19:20,359 Speaker 1: exists at the same time. Do you know what I mean? Like, 359 00:19:20,680 --> 00:19:23,480 Speaker 1: is it kind of like it actually pops into existence? 360 00:19:23,560 --> 00:19:26,320 Speaker 1: Is it into the past as well as the future. Yeah, 361 00:19:26,359 --> 00:19:30,200 Speaker 1: I think they are created in that moment. They only 362 00:19:30,240 --> 00:19:33,320 Speaker 1: start from when the choice happen because they split, right, 363 00:19:33,320 --> 00:19:37,080 Speaker 1: So the number of universes is growing and we all 364 00:19:37,119 --> 00:19:39,960 Speaker 1: just exist at the same time, like in the same 365 00:19:39,960 --> 00:19:43,000 Speaker 1: spot in the universe in reality, do you know what 366 00:19:43,040 --> 00:19:44,560 Speaker 1: I mean? Like are we on top of each other? 367 00:19:45,080 --> 00:19:47,399 Speaker 1: That's not a well defined question, right, We're not in 368 00:19:47,440 --> 00:19:51,320 Speaker 1: the same space because you know, our past is different 369 00:19:51,359 --> 00:19:54,359 Speaker 1: from the other universe is past, right in our in 370 00:19:54,359 --> 00:19:56,800 Speaker 1: our past the cat is dead or in their past 371 00:19:56,800 --> 00:19:59,520 Speaker 1: the cat is alive, and so we can't interact with 372 00:19:59,560 --> 00:20:02,040 Speaker 1: them at all. They would be like in a different space. 373 00:20:02,080 --> 00:20:03,560 Speaker 1: I mean there's it would be a universe be just 374 00:20:03,640 --> 00:20:05,840 Speaker 1: as valid. There would be ice cream and pretzels and 375 00:20:05,840 --> 00:20:08,360 Speaker 1: all sorts of stuff in that universe as well, although 376 00:20:08,560 --> 00:20:10,840 Speaker 1: it would just be slightly different and we can't travel 377 00:20:10,880 --> 00:20:13,880 Speaker 1: from one to the other. They're like causally disconnected, right 378 00:20:13,880 --> 00:20:17,359 Speaker 1: because they have a different past history, So you can't 379 00:20:17,400 --> 00:20:19,600 Speaker 1: get from one of the other. So where is that one? 380 00:20:20,080 --> 00:20:22,240 Speaker 1: That question requires you to like put both of them 381 00:20:22,240 --> 00:20:25,040 Speaker 1: in some space and then answer the question of how 382 00:20:25,080 --> 00:20:27,240 Speaker 1: to get from one to the other. But they're just different, 383 00:20:27,320 --> 00:20:29,960 Speaker 1: you know, they're like it's like asking how close is 384 00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:32,040 Speaker 1: the page in this book to that page and that 385 00:20:32,119 --> 00:20:35,080 Speaker 1: other book in China? You know, like there are different books, 386 00:20:35,280 --> 00:20:38,639 Speaker 1: you know, right. Yeah, So that's the quantum mechanical and 387 00:20:38,760 --> 00:20:40,920 Speaker 1: that was sort of mind blowing. And before people think 388 00:20:41,040 --> 00:20:45,040 Speaker 1: that's ridiculous, remember that there is no satisfactory answer to 389 00:20:45,080 --> 00:20:47,919 Speaker 1: the question and quantum mechanics of how that randomness has 390 00:20:48,000 --> 00:20:53,520 Speaker 1: chosen Why the electron turn left and right? Yes, exactly 391 00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:55,679 Speaker 1: why I left and not right? Yeah? And so that 392 00:20:55,800 --> 00:20:58,240 Speaker 1: randomness is frustrating, right, and you'd like to have an answer, 393 00:20:58,240 --> 00:20:59,920 Speaker 1: and the answer we have from quantum mechanics. The Cope 394 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:03,960 Speaker 1: Hagan interpretation, the alternative to the multi worlds says that 395 00:21:04,040 --> 00:21:06,480 Speaker 1: it makes a choice. The universe throws a dice, right, 396 00:21:06,720 --> 00:21:09,440 Speaker 1: Like that's kind of crazy. Also, you know, like where 397 00:21:09,520 --> 00:21:11,479 Speaker 1: is this dice? Who's in charge of throwing it? How 398 00:21:11,480 --> 00:21:14,320 Speaker 1: does it work? You know? Is it really random? Why 399 00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:17,080 Speaker 1: not strange? I find it natural? Doesn't? You know? Like 400 00:21:17,119 --> 00:21:19,359 Speaker 1: the universe just made the decision and that's what it is. 401 00:21:20,320 --> 00:21:22,240 Speaker 1: You like to live in a very decisive universe. It 402 00:21:22,320 --> 00:21:30,800 Speaker 1: just like makes forward, you know. Um, Okay, so so 403 00:21:30,880 --> 00:21:38,240 Speaker 1: that's the quantum mechanics multi world version of a multiverse. Yeah, exactly. 404 00:21:38,280 --> 00:21:40,240 Speaker 1: And so you're saying there's a fourth type, right, so 405 00:21:40,280 --> 00:21:42,879 Speaker 1: we're getting crazier and crazier. Yeah, that was the rainbow 406 00:21:42,880 --> 00:21:45,399 Speaker 1: shirt butt. So now where it's like, I don't know, 407 00:21:45,480 --> 00:21:47,800 Speaker 1: this is the version of the multiverse where you like um, 408 00:21:47,840 --> 00:21:50,560 Speaker 1: empty the freezer and mix everything together in a blender 409 00:21:53,760 --> 00:21:57,800 Speaker 1: rainbow rainbow shirt, but pistachio, right, put in some liquorice 410 00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:02,199 Speaker 1: in there. This is the idea that every possible theory 411 00:22:02,200 --> 00:22:06,440 Speaker 1: of physics has its own universe, right. And to think 412 00:22:06,480 --> 00:22:08,439 Speaker 1: about this you have to think about the relationship between 413 00:22:08,720 --> 00:22:12,200 Speaker 1: physics and math. Right, So we use math to describe 414 00:22:12,200 --> 00:22:15,119 Speaker 1: what's happening in the physical universe, right, But sometimes you 415 00:22:15,160 --> 00:22:18,240 Speaker 1: can come up with a theory that doesn't reflect what's 416 00:22:18,280 --> 00:22:21,359 Speaker 1: actually happening. Right, And this happens all the time. Theorists 417 00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:23,719 Speaker 1: physicists come up with ideas like, oh, maybe the universe 418 00:22:23,720 --> 00:22:26,400 Speaker 1: works this way. I have a beautiful mathematical theory which 419 00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:29,000 Speaker 1: could describe a universe. But then they go when they 420 00:22:29,080 --> 00:22:33,040 Speaker 1: check it, and no, doesn't describe our universe. F equals 421 00:22:33,280 --> 00:22:36,160 Speaker 1: three m A yeah, and that would be a theory 422 00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:41,040 Speaker 1: of a universe, but it wouldn't describe what's happening around me. Yeah, exactly. 423 00:22:41,440 --> 00:22:43,520 Speaker 1: I mean not that specific example, but that's the general 424 00:22:43,560 --> 00:22:46,560 Speaker 1: idea construct a different set of physical laws that are 425 00:22:46,600 --> 00:22:49,880 Speaker 1: self consistent. Right. They have to be self consistent, non contradictory, 426 00:22:49,880 --> 00:22:52,680 Speaker 1: and have all the right mathematical properties. There are more 427 00:22:52,840 --> 00:22:56,480 Speaker 1: theories of physics than than just the one that describes 428 00:22:56,480 --> 00:23:00,320 Speaker 1: our universe. Right, So Max teg Mark, he thinks that 429 00:23:00,400 --> 00:23:04,240 Speaker 1: the universe is mathematical, right. That that because the universe 430 00:23:04,280 --> 00:23:07,000 Speaker 1: can be represented by a mathematical construct, which is, you know, 431 00:23:07,160 --> 00:23:10,560 Speaker 1: laws of physics. That means that it is those laws 432 00:23:10,560 --> 00:23:14,080 Speaker 1: of physics, which means that if there are other laws 433 00:23:14,080 --> 00:23:16,600 Speaker 1: of physics that you could put together, they also have 434 00:23:16,720 --> 00:23:19,240 Speaker 1: their own real universes out there, and somewhere out there 435 00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:22,119 Speaker 1: there is a universe following f equals three m A 436 00:23:22,280 --> 00:23:25,359 Speaker 1: or whatever. The other laws of physics are not just 437 00:23:25,480 --> 00:23:29,879 Speaker 1: the constant in our formulation of the laws of physics, 438 00:23:29,920 --> 00:23:33,080 Speaker 1: but just like a whole different equation. Yeah, I mean, 439 00:23:33,119 --> 00:23:36,240 Speaker 1: imagine far in the future we've answered all the questions 440 00:23:36,240 --> 00:23:38,600 Speaker 1: about the constants. We know why the electron has a mass. 441 00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:41,159 Speaker 1: It is why the Higgs is with gravity all this stuff, 442 00:23:41,440 --> 00:23:43,600 Speaker 1: we still have the laws themselves. We have to wonder, 443 00:23:43,680 --> 00:23:46,239 Speaker 1: like why these laws? Why does the universe follow these 444 00:23:46,320 --> 00:23:48,560 Speaker 1: laws and not these other very reasonable set of laws 445 00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:50,960 Speaker 1: that my math professor were there put together and could 446 00:23:50,960 --> 00:23:53,399 Speaker 1: work for his own universe, right, really, why these are 447 00:23:53,440 --> 00:23:55,760 Speaker 1: not some other? So like what are some things that 448 00:23:55,840 --> 00:23:58,240 Speaker 1: could change mathematically? Do you know what I mean? Like 449 00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:02,520 Speaker 1: F doesn't equal? Is that the only physics equation you know? 450 00:24:02,680 --> 00:24:04,600 Speaker 1: Or you keep going back to that one. I'm gonna 451 00:24:04,680 --> 00:24:06,720 Speaker 1: challenge you give me another physics equation. I mean, I 452 00:24:06,760 --> 00:24:09,639 Speaker 1: could say things like the lagrange and and potential energy, 453 00:24:09,800 --> 00:24:11,200 Speaker 1: but you know, I'm not sureing a lot of people 454 00:24:11,240 --> 00:24:15,920 Speaker 1: to understand that that's exactly right. Like there are i mean, 455 00:24:15,920 --> 00:24:18,360 Speaker 1: even the whole concept of how energy works, right, Like 456 00:24:18,960 --> 00:24:21,200 Speaker 1: we talked to another podcast about the theory of everything, 457 00:24:21,200 --> 00:24:23,840 Speaker 1: how everything we're discovering is just the consequence of the 458 00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:26,879 Speaker 1: universe at its lowest level. You know, is the universe 459 00:24:26,920 --> 00:24:29,639 Speaker 1: at its lowest level strings and they have some interaction 460 00:24:29,680 --> 00:24:32,399 Speaker 1: and everything follows from that. Or are the tiny quantum 461 00:24:32,480 --> 00:24:35,040 Speaker 1: loops or are they point particles in the way they 462 00:24:35,080 --> 00:24:39,119 Speaker 1: interact everything that that the that makes the universe university 463 00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:41,760 Speaker 1: comes from its basic structure, and so you could ask, 464 00:24:41,840 --> 00:24:44,440 Speaker 1: like it could its basic structure be different because those 465 00:24:44,520 --> 00:24:48,040 Speaker 1: rules of interaction be different, right, Um? And yeah, and 466 00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:50,480 Speaker 1: you can you can start from a totally different point 467 00:24:50,480 --> 00:24:53,560 Speaker 1: and say I'm gonna build a universe out of tiny puppies, right, 468 00:24:53,640 --> 00:24:55,399 Speaker 1: and they interact in this way, and then you can 469 00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:58,400 Speaker 1: get a universe. Right, Like, build a universe. What would 470 00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:00,320 Speaker 1: it look like? Maybe it wouldn't be very interesting. Maybe 471 00:25:00,359 --> 00:25:03,000 Speaker 1: would have this rich, complex structure that we have right, right, 472 00:25:03,359 --> 00:25:05,919 Speaker 1: but it's a valid universe. Do you have a universe 473 00:25:05,960 --> 00:25:08,960 Speaker 1: with nothing in it? A completely empty universe? Right? There? 474 00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:12,440 Speaker 1: You go, no nothing in it, no interactions. Boom, there's 475 00:25:12,440 --> 00:25:14,640 Speaker 1: a lot of there's a theory of physics that might 476 00:25:14,800 --> 00:25:17,800 Speaker 1: be out there, right, that's the idea. That's the idea 477 00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:21,520 Speaker 1: that if there's a consistent set of laws, then it exists. Right. 478 00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:24,640 Speaker 1: That would be like the you know, the all black chocolate, 479 00:25:24,640 --> 00:25:27,119 Speaker 1: that deep chocolate, nothing in it. Okay, So let me 480 00:25:27,119 --> 00:25:29,840 Speaker 1: see if I can break this down. There's four kinds 481 00:25:29,840 --> 00:25:33,600 Speaker 1: of multiverses. The first kind of multiverse is one where 482 00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:35,800 Speaker 1: it's just so big that you you can live in 483 00:25:35,880 --> 00:25:39,320 Speaker 1: different neighborhoods of it, and which might be different versions 484 00:25:39,440 --> 00:25:42,360 Speaker 1: of each other, just because space is infinite and you're 485 00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:44,600 Speaker 1: at some point going to repeat this universe, but maybe 486 00:25:44,600 --> 00:25:49,280 Speaker 1: slightly different within our own still sort of universe space exactly. 487 00:25:49,359 --> 00:25:52,160 Speaker 1: And those different neighborhoods are all different because they started 488 00:25:52,200 --> 00:25:55,480 Speaker 1: slightly differently in the very beginning, and that's the randomness 489 00:25:55,520 --> 00:25:59,480 Speaker 1: that that first Vanilli multiverse is exploring, Okay, very beginning 490 00:25:59,480 --> 00:26:02,240 Speaker 1: of how the particles were put together. Okay, version number two, 491 00:26:02,359 --> 00:26:05,840 Speaker 1: the chocolate chip is plays of the chocolate chip. Yeah, 492 00:26:05,840 --> 00:26:08,800 Speaker 1: the chocolate chip is that maybe there are other pockets 493 00:26:08,800 --> 00:26:11,840 Speaker 1: of in our universe where the constants of our the 494 00:26:11,920 --> 00:26:14,760 Speaker 1: loss of physics are different. And then there was a version, 495 00:26:14,760 --> 00:26:17,640 Speaker 1: the quantum mechanics version, where that says every time that 496 00:26:17,680 --> 00:26:20,159 Speaker 1: you open the box and the cat dies, that generates 497 00:26:20,160 --> 00:26:22,560 Speaker 1: a whole universe. And there's one where the loss of 498 00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:27,760 Speaker 1: physics itself, the math changes from university universe, that's right. Yeah, 499 00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:31,160 Speaker 1: And for comic book fans, we could have a level five, 500 00:26:31,200 --> 00:26:35,080 Speaker 1: which is Marvel universe versus DC universe versus independent upstart 501 00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:37,639 Speaker 1: comic universe. Yeah, but then you had infinite crisis on 502 00:26:37,720 --> 00:26:41,040 Speaker 1: infinite Earth that all collapse and then you have to 503 00:26:41,119 --> 00:26:43,720 Speaker 1: reboot fifty two a few years ago, and there's a 504 00:26:43,840 --> 00:26:46,679 Speaker 1: version of the universe where the DC movies are actually good. 505 00:26:46,720 --> 00:26:53,000 Speaker 1: But you know those are I like the DC movies? Now, yes, 506 00:26:53,040 --> 00:26:56,520 Speaker 1: they are good. I am pro DC. Oh man, you 507 00:26:56,560 --> 00:27:00,919 Speaker 1: are the you are the anti Daniel. That's what We're 508 00:27:00,920 --> 00:27:05,879 Speaker 1: gonna have a d C versus Marvel throat down. Um. 509 00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:22,400 Speaker 1: On that note, let's take a quick break. So those 510 00:27:22,400 --> 00:27:24,439 Speaker 1: are That's kind of the breakdown of all the different 511 00:27:24,560 --> 00:27:27,560 Speaker 1: kinds of multiverses. But at the course, the same idea 512 00:27:27,720 --> 00:27:31,800 Speaker 1: is that there are different versions of our universe out 513 00:27:31,840 --> 00:27:34,960 Speaker 1: there in existence. That's right. My big question is are 514 00:27:34,960 --> 00:27:37,919 Speaker 1: we ever going to know if these other universes exist? Like, 515 00:27:38,160 --> 00:27:41,639 Speaker 1: is it even possible to verify that they're there, that 516 00:27:41,720 --> 00:27:45,240 Speaker 1: they exist, and could we get there? Ever? The short 517 00:27:45,240 --> 00:27:48,119 Speaker 1: answer is probably not right, And the long answer is 518 00:27:48,160 --> 00:27:50,720 Speaker 1: it depends on the flavor of multiverse we're talking about. 519 00:27:51,359 --> 00:27:53,800 Speaker 1: The simplest one. We're talking about, you know, things that 520 00:27:53,840 --> 00:27:56,080 Speaker 1: are just sort of far away. Then yeah, you just 521 00:27:56,160 --> 00:27:59,360 Speaker 1: wait long enough and eventually light from there will reach 522 00:27:59,440 --> 00:28:01,239 Speaker 1: us and we will see that other version of you 523 00:28:01,320 --> 00:28:04,080 Speaker 1: that married that other person, and you know, I didn't 524 00:28:04,119 --> 00:28:06,200 Speaker 1: have kids and gets to spend their money on cool 525 00:28:06,320 --> 00:28:08,800 Speaker 1: bicycles and cars and all sorts of stuff. And you 526 00:28:08,800 --> 00:28:11,800 Speaker 1: can answer the question, what I've been happier, Well, if 527 00:28:11,880 --> 00:28:14,399 Speaker 1: you could zip through the universe, you would eventually find 528 00:28:14,840 --> 00:28:19,280 Speaker 1: another Earth. Yeah. If the universe really is infinite and 529 00:28:19,359 --> 00:28:22,680 Speaker 1: the initial conditions are random, then everything that's possible will 530 00:28:22,720 --> 00:28:24,480 Speaker 1: happen and you just have to go far enough away. 531 00:28:24,800 --> 00:28:27,359 Speaker 1: Max Techbar tried to calculate, like how far is it 532 00:28:27,440 --> 00:28:29,919 Speaker 1: away from us? Is that other you? You've got some 533 00:28:30,040 --> 00:28:33,840 Speaker 1: ridiculous numbers like ten to the ten to the one hundred, 534 00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:35,960 Speaker 1: So like, I mean, that's a number that's bigger than 535 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:38,240 Speaker 1: I can even imagine. Remember it's ten to the eighties, 536 00:28:38,280 --> 00:28:40,400 Speaker 1: and there were particles in the universe, So ten to 537 00:28:40,480 --> 00:28:42,640 Speaker 1: the ten to the one hundred is like a good, 538 00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:46,840 Speaker 1: good jigabillion. But in principle, that person is out there. 539 00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:50,320 Speaker 1: It's out there, it's just separated by distance from us. Yeah, 540 00:28:50,560 --> 00:28:54,160 Speaker 1: so that's that's one possible multiversity you could actually test, 541 00:28:54,200 --> 00:28:57,200 Speaker 1: but it would take forever and so it's not really satisfying. 542 00:28:58,040 --> 00:29:00,920 Speaker 1: The other flavors are mostly different races, you know, like 543 00:29:01,240 --> 00:29:03,280 Speaker 1: the ones where the laws of physics are different or 544 00:29:03,560 --> 00:29:06,520 Speaker 1: quantum mechanics has made a different choice. Those universes we 545 00:29:06,560 --> 00:29:09,560 Speaker 1: can't ever visit, we can't interact with them. Almost by construction, 546 00:29:09,600 --> 00:29:12,120 Speaker 1: there's no way to interact with them. And so if 547 00:29:12,120 --> 00:29:14,080 Speaker 1: you can't interact with them, you can't like send a 548 00:29:14,120 --> 00:29:17,560 Speaker 1: probe or get data from them. You know, then there's 549 00:29:17,600 --> 00:29:19,920 Speaker 1: no way to ever prove that they exist. You know, 550 00:29:19,960 --> 00:29:22,680 Speaker 1: there's no way to ever say here, we can visit them, 551 00:29:22,760 --> 00:29:26,040 Speaker 1: or we can we can demonstrate conclusively that it's real 552 00:29:26,120 --> 00:29:28,440 Speaker 1: and not just an idea, like we can't ever touch it, 553 00:29:29,080 --> 00:29:31,800 Speaker 1: touch that that those other universes or get there. But 554 00:29:31,880 --> 00:29:33,880 Speaker 1: you're saying that you're telling me the other today that 555 00:29:34,120 --> 00:29:37,480 Speaker 1: we might be able to prove mathematically that they exist. Yeah, 556 00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:41,600 Speaker 1: there's a nice argument um by several people, including Sean Carroll, 557 00:29:41,680 --> 00:29:44,360 Speaker 1: that says that what if you had a theory of 558 00:29:44,360 --> 00:29:47,760 Speaker 1: physics which required the multiverse? Right, what if the only 559 00:29:47,920 --> 00:29:51,080 Speaker 1: theory of physics we could come up with here require 560 00:29:51,160 --> 00:29:53,600 Speaker 1: there to be other universes, and the hard work there 561 00:29:53,640 --> 00:29:56,040 Speaker 1: is figuring that out. Meaning in theory, you could know 562 00:29:56,240 --> 00:29:59,440 Speaker 1: that there is a multiverse and that other multiverses exist, 563 00:29:59,800 --> 00:30:02,040 Speaker 1: but you could still not be able to touch and 564 00:30:02,160 --> 00:30:05,560 Speaker 1: or visit them. Yeah, exactly. It's hard to come up 565 00:30:05,560 --> 00:30:09,760 Speaker 1: with a theory that absolutely requires the existence of the multiverse. 566 00:30:10,000 --> 00:30:13,160 Speaker 1: The unique solution to the theory is that the multiverse exists. 567 00:30:13,200 --> 00:30:16,040 Speaker 1: So in principle, I think Sean is right, it's possible, 568 00:30:16,240 --> 00:30:18,600 Speaker 1: but I think it's very difficult to construct that kind 569 00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:22,800 Speaker 1: of theory to prove the multiverse exists. So so it 570 00:30:22,880 --> 00:30:25,560 Speaker 1: kind of seems like it's kind of if we can't 571 00:30:25,560 --> 00:30:29,680 Speaker 1: ever go to these other universes or visit them. Um, 572 00:30:29,720 --> 00:30:32,520 Speaker 1: it's almost like it's pretty much just the U universe, 573 00:30:32,760 --> 00:30:35,160 Speaker 1: you know, Like that's right, the one we have is 574 00:30:35,160 --> 00:30:37,920 Speaker 1: pretty much it for us. It's pretty much the only 575 00:30:38,120 --> 00:30:41,760 Speaker 1: one we have, right for all practice rises, and I 576 00:30:41,760 --> 00:30:44,680 Speaker 1: think that's where we should focus. And the reason I'm 577 00:30:44,720 --> 00:30:46,680 Speaker 1: down on the multiverse is that I feel like a 578 00:30:46,720 --> 00:30:49,280 Speaker 1: little bit it's a it's giving up, you know, it's saying, Okay, 579 00:30:49,280 --> 00:30:50,800 Speaker 1: we don't know what the mass of the electron is, 580 00:30:50,840 --> 00:30:53,520 Speaker 1: but maybe there is no answer. Maybe the electron is 581 00:30:53,520 --> 00:30:55,560 Speaker 1: different here and somewhere else, and so let's just stop. 582 00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:58,360 Speaker 1: And I never want to stop asking, right, I always 583 00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:00,720 Speaker 1: want to say, maybe there's another theory explains it. Maybe 584 00:31:00,760 --> 00:31:04,080 Speaker 1: there's a way to unravel this mystery. So the multiverse 585 00:31:04,080 --> 00:31:06,280 Speaker 1: and the entropic principle, it's a way of sort of 586 00:31:06,280 --> 00:31:09,560 Speaker 1: shrugging and saying, and that's not very signed. Do you 587 00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:12,480 Speaker 1: want to keep taking that whole look for that one 588 00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:18,560 Speaker 1: sort of unifying theory. So far, we've been making progress 589 00:31:18,560 --> 00:31:21,200 Speaker 1: so far, we've figured things out. So far, when things 590 00:31:21,240 --> 00:31:24,600 Speaker 1: have seemed inexplicable, we'd rerealized why they had to be 591 00:31:24,640 --> 00:31:26,840 Speaker 1: that way, and it turned out there could have been 592 00:31:26,880 --> 00:31:29,160 Speaker 1: no other way because we understood something in a level 593 00:31:29,160 --> 00:31:32,080 Speaker 1: deeper which explained it. So I think the multiverse we're 594 00:31:32,080 --> 00:31:34,160 Speaker 1: gonna look back on a hundred years and laughed, you know, 595 00:31:34,720 --> 00:31:37,000 Speaker 1: and Wenna say, all those guys had no idea what 596 00:31:37,080 --> 00:31:39,880 Speaker 1: was going on. Everything they thought was random was determined 597 00:31:39,920 --> 00:31:43,040 Speaker 1: by laws of physics they just hadn't discovered yet. But 598 00:31:43,080 --> 00:31:44,680 Speaker 1: I think you're right. I think the lesson is to 599 00:31:44,760 --> 00:31:47,840 Speaker 1: really focus on the one universe we have. You know, 600 00:31:48,320 --> 00:31:50,600 Speaker 1: that's the only one I've got, So I'm going to 601 00:31:50,720 --> 00:31:52,920 Speaker 1: spend my time trying to figure it out. So make 602 00:31:52,960 --> 00:31:56,960 Speaker 1: your choices carefully. That's right, That's right because you only 603 00:31:57,000 --> 00:32:01,120 Speaker 1: have one go around so far until physics finds the multiples. 604 00:32:01,720 --> 00:32:04,240 Speaker 1: All right, thank you for joining us. I hope you 605 00:32:04,320 --> 00:32:06,600 Speaker 1: enjoyed that, or I hope there's a version of the 606 00:32:06,640 --> 00:32:10,160 Speaker 1: universe where you enjoyed that and I understood it as well. 607 00:32:10,320 --> 00:32:21,040 Speaker 1: See you next time. Thanks for listening. If you still 608 00:32:21,080 --> 00:32:24,080 Speaker 1: have a question after listening to all these explanations, please 609 00:32:24,360 --> 00:32:26,680 Speaker 1: drop us a line. We'd love to hear from you. 610 00:32:26,680 --> 00:32:29,520 Speaker 1: You can find us at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at 611 00:32:29,840 --> 00:32:32,960 Speaker 1: Daniel and Jorge That's one word, or email us at 612 00:32:33,240 --> 00:32:45,040 Speaker 1: Feedback at Daniel and Jorge dot com.