1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:05,000 Speaker 1: Fellow conspiracy realist. I feel the earth move under my feet. 2 00:00:05,040 --> 00:00:08,799 Speaker 2: It's a banger, dude. You can't remember when like they 3 00:00:08,880 --> 00:00:12,920 Speaker 2: made movies where like natural disasters were the big bad guy. 4 00:00:13,640 --> 00:00:15,360 Speaker 3: Yeah, like Twister. 5 00:00:15,760 --> 00:00:17,880 Speaker 2: Oh boy, there is I was just exactly what I 6 00:00:17,920 --> 00:00:18,600 Speaker 2: was thinking, Matt. 7 00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:24,000 Speaker 1: This one's called twisters plural. Yeah, there's Inferno. Now there's 8 00:00:24,040 --> 00:00:25,840 Speaker 1: two where the bad guys a fire. 9 00:00:26,560 --> 00:00:28,720 Speaker 2: Yeah, the towering one, right, isn't that right? Towering fron 10 00:00:28,720 --> 00:00:30,320 Speaker 2: I mean maybe there was a there's probably another one 11 00:00:30,320 --> 00:00:32,280 Speaker 2: in the two thousands that was just Inferno. 12 00:00:32,360 --> 00:00:33,640 Speaker 1: There's I believe there's one. 13 00:00:33,479 --> 00:00:35,879 Speaker 2: Where like the moon is the bad guy because it's 14 00:00:35,920 --> 00:00:38,440 Speaker 2: gonna hit the earth moonshot. 15 00:00:38,600 --> 00:00:41,200 Speaker 1: I'm thinking the one with Purece Brosnan, that Inferno. 16 00:00:41,479 --> 00:00:44,400 Speaker 2: I'm certain it's just the Towering. Inferno is a seventies movie, 17 00:00:44,440 --> 00:00:46,879 Speaker 2: so I'm certain that just they just dropped the Towering 18 00:00:46,920 --> 00:00:49,320 Speaker 2: because that sounds dated and put Pierce Brosen in it 19 00:00:49,320 --> 00:00:51,879 Speaker 2: because he was James Bond. That'll probably sell tickets. But 20 00:00:52,120 --> 00:00:54,720 Speaker 2: while that may be sort of a dated format, you know, 21 00:00:54,840 --> 00:00:59,680 Speaker 2: for for tent pole Hollywood action movies, seismic activity is 22 00:00:59,680 --> 00:01:00,840 Speaker 2: no oak, y'all. 23 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:03,320 Speaker 1: No, if you've ever been in an earthquake. You know, 24 00:01:03,800 --> 00:01:06,039 Speaker 1: I've never been in a big one, just ten blowers. 25 00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:08,160 Speaker 2: Now, neither of I've really I've not been in. I've 26 00:01:08,160 --> 00:01:11,240 Speaker 2: only heard sound from it or like you know, I 27 00:01:11,360 --> 00:01:13,759 Speaker 2: saw reports on the news, but I've never actually felt 28 00:01:13,760 --> 00:01:14,880 Speaker 2: a tremor in my life. 29 00:01:15,160 --> 00:01:19,040 Speaker 3: Well, guys, today's episode may not even be about a tremor. 30 00:01:19,800 --> 00:01:22,920 Speaker 3: This is one of the weirdest events that I can recall. 31 00:01:23,080 --> 00:01:26,720 Speaker 3: We talked about it. This is an earthquake type event 32 00:01:27,360 --> 00:01:32,760 Speaker 3: that was released as a perfect clean sin wave that 33 00:01:32,920 --> 00:01:37,480 Speaker 3: happened underneath the ocean. But earthquakes don't do that, So 34 00:01:37,560 --> 00:01:39,200 Speaker 3: what the heck was down there? 35 00:01:39,920 --> 00:01:42,040 Speaker 1: November eleventh, twenty eighteen. 36 00:01:42,800 --> 00:01:46,400 Speaker 2: Cuthulu wakes, Oh man, you have me at sine wave? 37 00:01:46,520 --> 00:01:47,800 Speaker 4: Matt, Oh, I know I would. 38 00:01:47,800 --> 00:01:48,080 Speaker 2: Baby. 39 00:01:49,200 --> 00:01:50,040 Speaker 1: Let's jump in. 40 00:01:52,040 --> 00:01:56,480 Speaker 5: From UFOs to psychic powers and government conspiracies. History is 41 00:01:56,600 --> 00:02:00,920 Speaker 5: riddled with unexplained events. You can turn back now or 42 00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:03,000 Speaker 5: learn this stuff they don't want you to know. 43 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:18,160 Speaker 3: Welcome back to the show. My name is Matt, my 44 00:02:18,240 --> 00:02:18,520 Speaker 3: name is. 45 00:02:18,560 --> 00:02:21,600 Speaker 1: Dol They call me Ben. We are joined with our 46 00:02:21,760 --> 00:02:25,760 Speaker 1: guest super producer, Casey the quake Pegram, So everybody say 47 00:02:25,800 --> 00:02:28,440 Speaker 1: hello to him. And most importantly, you are you, you 48 00:02:28,480 --> 00:02:31,760 Speaker 1: are here that makes this stuff. They don't want you 49 00:02:31,880 --> 00:02:36,560 Speaker 1: to know. A groundbreaking episode in a number of ways. Oh, 50 00:02:36,680 --> 00:02:40,359 Speaker 1: earth shattering perhaps. Yeah, it's our first it's our first 51 00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:44,360 Speaker 1: time getting back together after the in the new year, 52 00:02:44,680 --> 00:02:50,799 Speaker 1: after the relatively arbitrary end of December twenty eighteen. I mean, 53 00:02:50,919 --> 00:02:53,000 Speaker 1: just it's just me going out of my way to 54 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:57,760 Speaker 1: be disrespectful to the Gregorian calendar system, Yeah, which is 55 00:02:57,800 --> 00:02:58,480 Speaker 1: a man made thing. 56 00:02:58,760 --> 00:03:00,680 Speaker 3: It is that we've discussed on the show. 57 00:03:01,360 --> 00:03:05,160 Speaker 2: They say it's the anniversary of our obsession with arbitrary time. 58 00:03:07,080 --> 00:03:09,200 Speaker 1: I think Hallmark's going to put some cards out that 59 00:03:09,400 --> 00:03:10,480 Speaker 1: just say that, right. 60 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:13,919 Speaker 3: But yeah, you can almost breathe now by the way. 61 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:17,880 Speaker 3: I went out outside like last night, the night before, 62 00:03:17,919 --> 00:03:20,560 Speaker 3: and you just can not breathe because of all the 63 00:03:20,639 --> 00:03:23,120 Speaker 3: leftover smoke and stuff that's in the air. 64 00:03:24,200 --> 00:03:28,320 Speaker 2: And it's weird because overnight everything outside looks like Blade Runner. Now, yes, 65 00:03:28,600 --> 00:03:30,200 Speaker 2: this is crazy. 66 00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:34,239 Speaker 1: Just switched really like that meme that was making the 67 00:03:34,320 --> 00:03:37,640 Speaker 1: rounds in December reminding everyone to dress and Blade Runner 68 00:03:37,680 --> 00:03:41,360 Speaker 1: appropriate clothing. H So unlike Blade Runner and unlike the 69 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:46,800 Speaker 1: Gregorian calendar. Earthquakes like that segue are a natural phenomenon. 70 00:03:46,880 --> 00:03:50,200 Speaker 1: We didn't make those up. They've just been around. It's 71 00:03:50,280 --> 00:03:51,760 Speaker 1: kind of like, I don't know if we talked about 72 00:03:51,800 --> 00:03:56,160 Speaker 1: it on the show before, but do you ever No, 73 00:03:56,320 --> 00:03:59,760 Speaker 1: I know you hate birds, but I walk around sometimes 74 00:04:00,200 --> 00:04:04,800 Speaker 1: these our modern days and think, you know, have we 75 00:04:04,880 --> 00:04:10,640 Speaker 1: as humans really figured out things of significance. I mean, sure, 76 00:04:10,960 --> 00:04:13,520 Speaker 1: we can put stuff into space, but birds can still 77 00:04:13,520 --> 00:04:16,760 Speaker 1: fly around and shut on anyone whenever they want to, 78 00:04:17,600 --> 00:04:19,599 Speaker 1: because you only have an umbrella if it's raining, and 79 00:04:19,640 --> 00:04:22,560 Speaker 1: we also can't do much about that. Earthquakes are kind 80 00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:26,440 Speaker 1: of like that. They're kind of like a Mother Nature's 81 00:04:26,520 --> 00:04:30,400 Speaker 1: way of reminding you that you can get shot upon 82 00:04:30,720 --> 00:04:32,960 Speaker 1: at any given point, you know, unless you're on the 83 00:04:32,960 --> 00:04:38,040 Speaker 1: moon or something. But earthquakes have been around. They've been 84 00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:42,320 Speaker 1: terrorizing humanity since before the dawn of recorded history. 85 00:04:42,440 --> 00:04:42,640 Speaker 3: Right. 86 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:46,760 Speaker 1: And it comes about because the planet appears to be 87 00:04:46,800 --> 00:04:49,760 Speaker 1: a stable surface. We even have cliches about it, figures 88 00:04:49,760 --> 00:04:54,120 Speaker 1: of speech, like a rock, right, the old Chevy campaign, Oh, 89 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:54,880 Speaker 1: like a rock. 90 00:04:56,160 --> 00:04:56,520 Speaker 3: Yes. 91 00:04:56,880 --> 00:05:00,560 Speaker 1: And the thing is that this is misleading because the planet, 92 00:05:00,680 --> 00:05:03,200 Speaker 1: as I'm sure many of us know, is not a 93 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:07,240 Speaker 1: stable surface, not remotely. It may look like it's a 94 00:05:07,279 --> 00:05:10,839 Speaker 1: stable surface, kind of the way that everyone looks like 95 00:05:10,880 --> 00:05:13,080 Speaker 1: they might be cool and chill on the first date. 96 00:05:13,480 --> 00:05:15,800 Speaker 1: But then once you get into the layers, you see 97 00:05:15,880 --> 00:05:20,880 Speaker 1: this is a complex network of interacting catastrophic traumatic forces. 98 00:05:21,240 --> 00:05:26,080 Speaker 1: Am I saying that? Am I comparing dates to earthquakes? Maybe? 99 00:05:26,120 --> 00:05:29,119 Speaker 1: I don't know. Twenty nineteen, we're all figuring it out together. 100 00:05:29,120 --> 00:05:31,440 Speaker 2: I certainly we both have the potential for some bumping 101 00:05:31,480 --> 00:05:31,960 Speaker 2: and grinding. 102 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:34,720 Speaker 1: Hey, there we go, good save. And it's weird when 103 00:05:34,720 --> 00:05:37,479 Speaker 1: you think about how strange and upsetting these things have been. 104 00:05:38,240 --> 00:05:40,159 Speaker 1: Have you guys ever been in an earthquake? Do we 105 00:05:40,200 --> 00:05:41,560 Speaker 1: talk about this on the air before? 106 00:05:41,720 --> 00:05:44,520 Speaker 2: Well, it was apparently one that everyone felt here at Atlanta. 107 00:05:44,760 --> 00:05:46,800 Speaker 2: The other a couple weeks ago, but I slept right 108 00:05:46,800 --> 00:05:47,039 Speaker 2: through it. 109 00:05:47,080 --> 00:05:47,800 Speaker 3: Yeah, it was in the night. 110 00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:49,920 Speaker 2: My kid woke up and told me she had a 111 00:05:49,960 --> 00:05:52,239 Speaker 2: dream about an earthquake, which is kind of weird. No way, 112 00:05:52,360 --> 00:05:54,280 Speaker 2: So maybe she made it happen with her dream mind. 113 00:05:54,760 --> 00:05:58,200 Speaker 3: Super EmPATH over there. I've never been in one, but 114 00:05:58,640 --> 00:06:00,760 Speaker 3: I was in San Francisco recently and we went over 115 00:06:00,800 --> 00:06:04,000 Speaker 3: the Bay Bridge, and on the radio, as we're going 116 00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:07,000 Speaker 3: over this huge bridge, they're discussing how it was the 117 00:06:07,080 --> 00:06:10,640 Speaker 3: anniversary it was in October of this massive earthquake in 118 00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:14,120 Speaker 3: nineteen eighty nine. I think that actually flattened part of 119 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:18,160 Speaker 3: that bridge, like while people were driving underneath it. It 120 00:06:18,200 --> 00:06:21,320 Speaker 3: was a really really horrifying to think about. 121 00:06:22,279 --> 00:06:26,400 Speaker 1: Yeah, I've never been in a major earthquake, which I guess, 122 00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:29,680 Speaker 1: I guess, go me, but it's a but I have been. 123 00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:35,000 Speaker 1: When I was living abroad, earthquakes were more common than 124 00:06:35,040 --> 00:06:39,480 Speaker 1: they are here in Atlanta, Georgia, and I was freaked out. 125 00:06:39,560 --> 00:06:42,880 Speaker 1: I was just eating breakfast with a host family and 126 00:06:42,880 --> 00:06:46,680 Speaker 1: then everything just sort of jiggles. Yeah, that I'm shaking 127 00:06:46,720 --> 00:06:49,279 Speaker 1: the table. Everyone everything jiggles just for a little bit. 128 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:53,159 Speaker 1: Nobody else loses skips a beat, right, really loses a step. 129 00:06:53,240 --> 00:06:57,440 Speaker 3: Yeah, it was the structure really sound that you were in. 130 00:06:57,720 --> 00:06:59,640 Speaker 1: No, it was just a small one. It was just 131 00:06:59,680 --> 00:07:02,520 Speaker 1: a little, well, little shiver, little Central American shiver in 132 00:07:02,560 --> 00:07:06,040 Speaker 1: the soil. And then they explained to me that that 133 00:07:06,240 --> 00:07:09,479 Speaker 1: wasn't anything to get excited about. That probably wouldn't even 134 00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:13,160 Speaker 1: make a decent landslide. And the idea that was rated 135 00:07:13,240 --> 00:07:16,880 Speaker 1: is a decent landslide. It's also strange but these things 136 00:07:16,920 --> 00:07:19,560 Speaker 1: have been around, and we'll talk about how people win 137 00:07:19,600 --> 00:07:23,080 Speaker 1: the dark lottery that is an earthquake. But this might 138 00:07:23,120 --> 00:07:26,160 Speaker 1: surprise some of us to learn that although these things 139 00:07:26,240 --> 00:07:30,800 Speaker 1: have been around forever or much longer than people, we 140 00:07:31,160 --> 00:07:35,560 Speaker 1: as a species didn't really start understanding what causes them 141 00:07:35,760 --> 00:07:39,320 Speaker 1: until maybe like maybe a century ago we started. And 142 00:07:39,400 --> 00:07:41,440 Speaker 1: it's true, way back in the thirteen hundreds and other 143 00:07:41,480 --> 00:07:46,600 Speaker 1: periods of time, there were inventors who had figured out 144 00:07:46,640 --> 00:07:51,360 Speaker 1: ways to detect earthquakes right, detect seismic disturbance, but we 145 00:07:51,440 --> 00:07:55,800 Speaker 1: didn't really understand why it happened, much less were we 146 00:07:55,880 --> 00:08:00,560 Speaker 1: capable of developing technology to measure the magnitudeness signif way, 147 00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:06,000 Speaker 1: and today's episode is about the latest unexplained seismic event 148 00:08:06,120 --> 00:08:09,400 Speaker 1: because spoiler alert, we still don't know near as much 149 00:08:09,440 --> 00:08:12,840 Speaker 1: as we thought we knew about earthquakes, and Matt, this 150 00:08:12,960 --> 00:08:16,800 Speaker 1: is something that you hipped us to off the air. Recently, 151 00:08:16,880 --> 00:08:20,000 Speaker 1: there was a global wave of earthquakes that somehow rang 152 00:08:20,200 --> 00:08:24,760 Speaker 1: the earth like a bell? Right, what was even mean? 153 00:08:24,840 --> 00:08:26,640 Speaker 1: I mean, I guess first things first, if we want 154 00:08:26,640 --> 00:08:30,280 Speaker 1: to figure out what happened recently, we have to understand 155 00:08:30,640 --> 00:08:34,280 Speaker 1: what an earthquake is. And luckily we are affiliated with 156 00:08:34,400 --> 00:08:36,800 Speaker 1: a website called how Stuff Works. 157 00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:40,640 Speaker 3: Yeah, and that writes articles about these kinds of things. 158 00:08:40,720 --> 00:08:42,760 Speaker 2: We're also remembering a lot of this from our physical 159 00:08:42,800 --> 00:08:43,640 Speaker 2: science classes. 160 00:08:43,800 --> 00:08:49,280 Speaker 3: That's right, That's right, Noel is going off solely physical 161 00:08:49,320 --> 00:08:52,480 Speaker 3: science from what is that Houghton Mithlin is. 162 00:08:52,480 --> 00:08:54,440 Speaker 1: That the they put out the textbooks. 163 00:08:54,920 --> 00:08:56,800 Speaker 2: I'm pretty sure it may have been a different company, 164 00:08:56,800 --> 00:08:57,880 Speaker 2: but I know they did a lot of them. 165 00:08:58,360 --> 00:09:02,320 Speaker 3: It rings true, just like the Earth was not long ago. 166 00:09:02,559 --> 00:09:05,400 Speaker 3: So technically, an earthquake is just that it's a vibration 167 00:09:05,840 --> 00:09:09,720 Speaker 3: that travels through the Earth's Earth's crust, that that thing 168 00:09:09,920 --> 00:09:12,280 Speaker 3: that we walk around on every day and pretend like 169 00:09:12,360 --> 00:09:17,800 Speaker 3: it's completely stable and everything's okay. And like we've kind 170 00:09:17,800 --> 00:09:20,240 Speaker 3: of discussed, earthquakes can be caused by all kinds of 171 00:09:20,280 --> 00:09:23,840 Speaker 3: different things, everything from if a meteor happens to travel, 172 00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:26,720 Speaker 3: you know, into the Earth's atmosphere and then impact with 173 00:09:26,760 --> 00:09:30,000 Speaker 3: the Earth's crust, you will get a nice earthquake that 174 00:09:30,040 --> 00:09:33,520 Speaker 3: will also end a lot of lives, probably if not 175 00:09:33,559 --> 00:09:35,800 Speaker 3: in the entire human species. They can also be caused 176 00:09:35,800 --> 00:09:39,560 Speaker 3: by volcanic eruptions that are occurring beneath the crust and 177 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:41,800 Speaker 3: sometimes as a part of the crust. And it can 178 00:09:41,840 --> 00:09:44,760 Speaker 3: also sometimes be made by man made things, you know, 179 00:09:45,080 --> 00:09:49,000 Speaker 3: mind collapses, underground nuclear tests, which is a topic that 180 00:09:49,040 --> 00:09:51,560 Speaker 3: we've discussed before. There's a lot of technology trying to 181 00:09:51,559 --> 00:09:57,240 Speaker 3: get those fracking and fracking that's the big one. Even 182 00:09:57,320 --> 00:10:02,000 Speaker 3: saying it sounds like it's a bad thing. Oh but 183 00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:06,000 Speaker 3: here's the thing. Most naturally occurring earthquakes are caused by this, uh, 184 00:10:06,559 --> 00:10:09,520 Speaker 3: the Earth's crust itself, when there are these moving pieces 185 00:10:09,559 --> 00:10:14,000 Speaker 3: of the Earth's crust called tectonic plates. Now there's really 186 00:10:14,040 --> 00:10:15,960 Speaker 3: getting back to that physical science class. 187 00:10:16,280 --> 00:10:18,880 Speaker 2: I confirmed it. Tote Mifflin did make physical science books 188 00:10:19,040 --> 00:10:22,160 Speaker 2: so good they're still in print, new editions every year. 189 00:10:22,720 --> 00:10:25,600 Speaker 2: It's a racket. It's beautiful, it's not, it's it's awful. 190 00:10:25,720 --> 00:10:29,000 Speaker 3: Well, there's Macmillan's huge, that's true. 191 00:10:29,080 --> 00:10:31,360 Speaker 2: McMillan's also big. But don't you remember like the whole idea, 192 00:10:31,480 --> 00:10:33,680 Speaker 2: like the textbook racket, how it's like, you know, you 193 00:10:33,760 --> 00:10:36,160 Speaker 2: have to buy it from this exact monopoly on them. 194 00:10:36,520 --> 00:10:40,080 Speaker 3: Oh no, that's a whole episode probably that we should do. 195 00:10:40,360 --> 00:10:41,080 Speaker 2: I think you're right. 196 00:10:42,200 --> 00:10:46,800 Speaker 3: So plates, so plates, Yeah, let's let's just keep going. 197 00:10:46,800 --> 00:10:49,800 Speaker 3: Scientists didn't come up with any real solid theory that 198 00:10:49,880 --> 00:10:52,679 Speaker 3: explained exactly what an earthquake was or what caused it 199 00:10:52,760 --> 00:10:55,760 Speaker 3: until the mid nineteen sixties, and they call this theory 200 00:10:56,200 --> 00:10:58,160 Speaker 3: plate tectonics. There you go. 201 00:10:58,559 --> 00:11:02,240 Speaker 1: So here's the gist. Earth has a crust, which you 202 00:11:02,280 --> 00:11:06,160 Speaker 1: mentioned earlier, Matt, and people who want to sound authoritative 203 00:11:06,280 --> 00:11:10,240 Speaker 1: or accurate, we'll call it the lithosphere. You hear it, 204 00:11:10,320 --> 00:11:13,800 Speaker 1: smart people, usually because they're seismologists, you know what I mean, 205 00:11:14,240 --> 00:11:16,400 Speaker 1: And they probably think crust is for cake. I don't 206 00:11:16,400 --> 00:11:20,200 Speaker 1: know if you're a seismologist. Right in, this crust is 207 00:11:20,320 --> 00:11:23,800 Speaker 1: not a single seamless shell. Instead, it is composed of 208 00:11:24,320 --> 00:11:28,360 Speaker 1: layers of plates, and these things every day are sort 209 00:11:28,360 --> 00:11:31,719 Speaker 1: of bumping into each other while they float on this 210 00:11:32,040 --> 00:11:38,600 Speaker 1: lubricant layer called the esthenosphere. And all the hijinks seismically speaking, 211 00:11:38,760 --> 00:11:42,440 Speaker 1: in the world on the planet happens at the boundaries 212 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:45,880 Speaker 1: of these plates. Sort of the way, since I'm just 213 00:11:45,920 --> 00:11:50,640 Speaker 1: doing terrible comparisons for twenty nineteen, apparently, is sort of 214 00:11:50,679 --> 00:11:53,400 Speaker 1: the way that a lot of the really crazy stuff 215 00:11:53,440 --> 00:11:57,480 Speaker 1: that happens in many countries happens at the border towns, 216 00:11:57,600 --> 00:12:00,400 Speaker 1: you know what I mean. That's and these high jinks 217 00:12:00,440 --> 00:12:01,959 Speaker 1: take a number of forms, so we don't want to 218 00:12:01,960 --> 00:12:03,560 Speaker 1: get to into the weeds here, but just so you 219 00:12:03,600 --> 00:12:07,240 Speaker 1: have the gist first, there's something called the divergent plate boundary. 220 00:12:07,280 --> 00:12:11,600 Speaker 1: Plates might move apart, allowing magma ok molten rock to 221 00:12:11,720 --> 00:12:14,520 Speaker 1: reach the surface as lava, and this stuff, once it 222 00:12:14,559 --> 00:12:18,520 Speaker 1: reaches the surface, cools and adds to the crust, essentially 223 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:22,280 Speaker 1: functioning the way that kulk functions, filling in the space 224 00:12:22,360 --> 00:12:25,960 Speaker 1: between tiles. If you've ever you know, if you've ever 225 00:12:26,160 --> 00:12:27,960 Speaker 1: laid tiles somewhere. 226 00:12:27,960 --> 00:12:30,440 Speaker 3: Yes, And then there are convergent plate boundaries, which is 227 00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:33,360 Speaker 3: pretty much the exact opposite of that, where at the 228 00:12:33,360 --> 00:12:36,560 Speaker 3: boundary of two plates they are kind of squishing together, 229 00:12:36,760 --> 00:12:39,439 Speaker 3: and that's when you can get mountains formed where a 230 00:12:39,440 --> 00:12:41,600 Speaker 3: lot of volcanic activity occurs. That kind of thing. 231 00:12:42,559 --> 00:12:46,320 Speaker 1: It's literally pushing up volcanoes too, right, yeah. 232 00:12:46,120 --> 00:12:48,880 Speaker 3: And also sometimes pushing down like it's kind of weird. 233 00:12:48,920 --> 00:12:51,559 Speaker 3: They just they've you can imagine all the different things 234 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:56,560 Speaker 3: that two very strong and heavy things do when they 235 00:12:56,600 --> 00:12:57,439 Speaker 3: push against. 236 00:12:57,200 --> 00:13:00,680 Speaker 1: Each other very insistent forces. Yeah, they can subduct and 237 00:13:00,720 --> 00:13:05,479 Speaker 1: that creates mountains for our purposes today. The next category 238 00:13:05,840 --> 00:13:09,240 Speaker 1: is the most important. It's where two plates sort of 239 00:13:09,320 --> 00:13:13,000 Speaker 1: slide by one another, like two ships in the night 240 00:13:13,160 --> 00:13:16,600 Speaker 1: or two trucks on an interstate, just sideswiping each other. 241 00:13:17,120 --> 00:13:22,400 Speaker 2: They very slowly, and that is what is known as 242 00:13:22,520 --> 00:13:26,079 Speaker 2: a transform boundary, where energy builds up in the region 243 00:13:26,080 --> 00:13:28,640 Speaker 2: between the two plates, and that forms a fault line 244 00:13:29,200 --> 00:13:31,920 Speaker 2: or a break in the earth crust where blocks of 245 00:13:32,040 --> 00:13:35,600 Speaker 2: crust are moving in different directions. And I'm already picturing 246 00:13:35,920 --> 00:13:39,319 Speaker 2: the beautifully color coded image from that physical science book 247 00:13:39,440 --> 00:13:42,560 Speaker 2: where it has big fat arrows going in either direction 248 00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:44,920 Speaker 2: and the plate pieces, one in purple and one in 249 00:13:44,960 --> 00:13:47,560 Speaker 2: like red, kind of overlapping each other and like grinding 250 00:13:47,559 --> 00:13:50,320 Speaker 2: against each other in different directions, and that's what creates. 251 00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:52,320 Speaker 3: That fault in a weird way. This one is the 252 00:13:52,400 --> 00:13:55,360 Speaker 3: scariest to me for some reason, and I don't know why. 253 00:13:55,400 --> 00:13:57,440 Speaker 3: I think it should be the one where the plates 254 00:13:57,480 --> 00:13:59,720 Speaker 3: are actually moving away from each other, because that's in 255 00:13:59,760 --> 00:14:01,679 Speaker 3: my head, when you get the lava coming out, when 256 00:14:01,720 --> 00:14:04,280 Speaker 3: you get the whole opening up with a fissure or something. 257 00:14:04,720 --> 00:14:08,880 Speaker 3: But these two, if you've ever seen the images in 258 00:14:09,080 --> 00:14:13,839 Speaker 3: I believe it was in Japan during the last major 259 00:14:13,840 --> 00:14:16,320 Speaker 3: tsunami that occurred there where you can actually see parts 260 00:14:16,360 --> 00:14:19,560 Speaker 3: of the street that are doing this movement, like moving 261 00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:22,600 Speaker 3: in parallel next to each other, that for some reason 262 00:14:22,720 --> 00:14:23,360 Speaker 3: terrifies me. 263 00:14:24,200 --> 00:14:30,240 Speaker 1: Yeah, we're talking about fault lines, right, and the majority 264 00:14:30,280 --> 00:14:34,240 Speaker 1: of earthquakes, not all, but the majority happen along these 265 00:14:34,280 --> 00:14:38,880 Speaker 1: transform boundary fault lines. And there are some there are 266 00:14:38,880 --> 00:14:41,360 Speaker 1: different types of fault lines, there are different types of 267 00:14:41,360 --> 00:14:44,440 Speaker 1: seismic waves. But again, this is just the gist. This 268 00:14:44,600 --> 00:14:46,840 Speaker 1: is just what we need to know. That's it's how 269 00:14:46,880 --> 00:14:50,680 Speaker 1: an earthquake works. So how many quakes are we talking? 270 00:14:51,560 --> 00:14:53,760 Speaker 1: This is where it starts to get pretty interesting, because 271 00:14:53,840 --> 00:14:58,360 Speaker 1: the US Geological Survey estimates that there are as many 272 00:14:58,400 --> 00:15:03,200 Speaker 1: as one point three million quakes with a magnitude greater 273 00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:05,560 Speaker 1: than two point zero on the Richter scale. That's the 274 00:15:05,600 --> 00:15:09,480 Speaker 1: threshold at which humans can feel the vibrations. Stuff less 275 00:15:09,520 --> 00:15:12,520 Speaker 1: than that might really freak out your household pet. Yeah, 276 00:15:12,560 --> 00:15:15,640 Speaker 1: you know what I mean. But this two point zero 277 00:15:15,680 --> 00:15:19,040 Speaker 1: is where you get to the legit people, spider sense 278 00:15:19,080 --> 00:15:19,880 Speaker 1: goes off for it. 279 00:15:20,160 --> 00:15:22,160 Speaker 3: And there are one point three million of them. 280 00:15:22,040 --> 00:15:25,680 Speaker 1: Which is pretty nuts, right, Yeah, I guess because we 281 00:15:25,760 --> 00:15:31,200 Speaker 1: only hear about the real terrible ones on the news 282 00:15:31,520 --> 00:15:34,680 Speaker 1: that we have a lot of these pass without ever, 283 00:15:35,120 --> 00:15:39,000 Speaker 1: you know, registering on our radar, so to speak. So 284 00:15:39,120 --> 00:15:41,240 Speaker 1: in general, the majority of earthquakes are not going to 285 00:15:41,240 --> 00:15:44,880 Speaker 1: be particularly powerful. They're also not going to last for 286 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:49,200 Speaker 1: very long at all, even the catastrophic ones. Strong ground 287 00:15:49,200 --> 00:15:53,440 Speaker 1: shaking during a moderate or large earthquake lasts maybe thirty seconds, 288 00:15:53,480 --> 00:15:58,720 Speaker 1: ten to thirty seconds. And then after that, after you 289 00:15:58,720 --> 00:16:01,600 Speaker 1: you know, you shake up one part of the of 290 00:16:01,640 --> 00:16:04,960 Speaker 1: the earth, other parts around it start to shake as well. 291 00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:06,800 Speaker 1: So then you can have timblers, and you can have 292 00:16:06,880 --> 00:16:10,520 Speaker 1: aftershocks and things like that. And most of these things, 293 00:16:10,600 --> 00:16:13,800 Speaker 1: these aftershocks can happen for like weeks or months later, 294 00:16:14,280 --> 00:16:17,520 Speaker 1: but you probably still won't notice them, because again, most 295 00:16:17,520 --> 00:16:20,640 Speaker 1: earthquakes are not very powerful, and many, many, many of 296 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:22,840 Speaker 1: them occur in the middle of nowhere. 297 00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:25,280 Speaker 2: I always thought the word timbler sounded like a cute, 298 00:16:25,280 --> 00:16:28,920 Speaker 2: like diminutive earthquake, but apparently they can be quite catastrophic 299 00:16:28,960 --> 00:16:29,320 Speaker 2: as well. 300 00:16:29,360 --> 00:16:30,280 Speaker 3: What is it that is true? 301 00:16:30,320 --> 00:16:30,840 Speaker 4: A timbler? 302 00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:31,600 Speaker 3: Timbler? 303 00:16:31,760 --> 00:16:32,520 Speaker 1: Yeah, or timble? 304 00:16:32,840 --> 00:16:34,479 Speaker 2: It sounds like a timble. 305 00:16:34,440 --> 00:16:37,040 Speaker 3: You know, it sounds like an app It just sounds cute, Yeah. 306 00:16:37,040 --> 00:16:39,280 Speaker 2: But no, it's a big deal. And like you said, Ben, 307 00:16:39,280 --> 00:16:41,880 Speaker 2: it's a chain reaction and it all depends on the 308 00:16:41,880 --> 00:16:43,800 Speaker 2: magnitude of the first one. I guess as to how 309 00:16:43,960 --> 00:16:46,960 Speaker 2: bad the aftershock and the other things that it causes 310 00:16:47,120 --> 00:16:47,880 Speaker 2: later will be. 311 00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:52,520 Speaker 1: Yeah, and we are enormously fortunate too that most earthquakes 312 00:16:52,560 --> 00:16:56,320 Speaker 1: are so very small, and it's this brutal lottery. You 313 00:16:56,360 --> 00:16:59,440 Speaker 1: know that in case of the rare quake capable of 314 00:16:59,480 --> 00:17:03,360 Speaker 1: touching up population center, it can destroy the city in minutes, 315 00:17:03,440 --> 00:17:05,600 Speaker 1: just like you were talking about Matt with the with 316 00:17:05,760 --> 00:17:10,640 Speaker 1: the road moving in different directions, things that should be 317 00:17:10,720 --> 00:17:14,199 Speaker 1: solid appearing fluid for even a moment's time. You know, 318 00:17:14,480 --> 00:17:18,080 Speaker 1: these things can wreak enormous amounts of property damage and 319 00:17:18,160 --> 00:17:22,840 Speaker 1: more importantly, they can claim thousands of lives. And we 320 00:17:22,960 --> 00:17:24,720 Speaker 1: have some statistics about that as well. 321 00:17:24,720 --> 00:17:27,920 Speaker 3: I think, oh yeah, over the last decade alone, earthquakes 322 00:17:27,920 --> 00:17:32,040 Speaker 3: and then the tsunamis avalanches landslides that follow because of 323 00:17:32,080 --> 00:17:35,640 Speaker 3: these earthquakes, they've killed over six hundred and eighty eight 324 00:17:35,720 --> 00:17:41,679 Speaker 3: thousand people around the world. That that's insane over the 325 00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:46,439 Speaker 3: course of ten years, and arguably the most lethal quake 326 00:17:46,880 --> 00:17:50,919 Speaker 3: in history had a magnitude of eight point zero and 327 00:17:50,960 --> 00:17:54,000 Speaker 3: this one occurred quite a long time ago in China 328 00:17:54,040 --> 00:17:59,159 Speaker 3: and the Shengxi province in fifteen fifty six. And you 329 00:17:59,200 --> 00:18:02,720 Speaker 3: can imagine this structural engineering has come a long way 330 00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:07,520 Speaker 3: since fifteen fifty six. And just the devastation that occurred 331 00:18:07,680 --> 00:18:10,200 Speaker 3: when that eight point zero struck that city. 332 00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:13,320 Speaker 2: It goes close to a million people, Yeah, were killed. Yeah, 333 00:18:13,680 --> 00:18:16,800 Speaker 2: that's I mean, I just can't imagine. And one fell swoop. 334 00:18:17,000 --> 00:18:19,200 Speaker 1: And they didn't expect it too, you know what I mean. 335 00:18:19,240 --> 00:18:22,400 Speaker 3: And it was the earth itself attacking in a way. 336 00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:24,119 Speaker 1: That's a poetic way to put it. 337 00:18:24,160 --> 00:18:26,439 Speaker 2: And it's interesting, Matt, like you mentioned San Francisco, and 338 00:18:26,600 --> 00:18:29,160 Speaker 2: especially in places that are more prone to earthquakes, they 339 00:18:29,280 --> 00:18:33,240 Speaker 2: build out their infrastructure with that in mind, like houses 340 00:18:33,280 --> 00:18:35,840 Speaker 2: on stilts and things of that nature. And that's probably 341 00:18:35,880 --> 00:18:37,480 Speaker 2: not something they would have even considered at this time. 342 00:18:38,400 --> 00:18:42,760 Speaker 1: This is about several hundred years after they built maybe 343 00:18:42,840 --> 00:18:50,760 Speaker 1: the first early earthquake detector, which looks really cool. It's 344 00:18:50,800 --> 00:18:53,239 Speaker 1: the way that it works is if certain parts of 345 00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:56,000 Speaker 1: the world shake, then these balls rolled down into this 346 00:18:56,080 --> 00:18:59,639 Speaker 1: dragon's mouth and points in whatever cardinal direction that the 347 00:19:00,040 --> 00:19:02,720 Speaker 1: astrophe occurred who but they didn't know how to build 348 00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:06,080 Speaker 1: something that would stand and act of the heavens right, 349 00:19:06,440 --> 00:19:10,199 Speaker 1: and the survivors adapted as best they could. There was 350 00:19:10,240 --> 00:19:14,120 Speaker 1: one scholar who survived the quake and later provided us 351 00:19:14,680 --> 00:19:18,720 Speaker 1: what may very well be the first earthquake preparedness advice 352 00:19:18,760 --> 00:19:21,680 Speaker 1: in history. He said, at the very beginning of the earthquake, 353 00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:25,400 Speaker 1: people indoors should not go out immediately, just crouched down 354 00:19:25,440 --> 00:19:28,720 Speaker 1: and wait for chances. Even if the nest is collapsed, 355 00:19:28,840 --> 00:19:31,320 Speaker 1: some eggs in it may still be kept intact. 356 00:19:32,240 --> 00:19:32,800 Speaker 3: Yikes. 357 00:19:33,160 --> 00:19:37,280 Speaker 1: I mean, it's eloquent, but it's also frightening, you know. 358 00:19:37,480 --> 00:19:41,840 Speaker 3: Yeah, and it's counterintuitive as well. And again I've never 359 00:19:41,960 --> 00:19:45,240 Speaker 3: experienced it personally, but my first instinct would be get 360 00:19:45,240 --> 00:19:49,239 Speaker 3: out into open land where there's nothing above fall on you. 361 00:19:49,560 --> 00:19:51,879 Speaker 3: But then you have to imagine trees and all the 362 00:19:51,920 --> 00:19:54,479 Speaker 3: other buildings, and especially if you're in a city, just 363 00:19:54,680 --> 00:19:56,399 Speaker 3: all the things that could be falling on you in 364 00:19:56,440 --> 00:19:57,240 Speaker 3: debris and. 365 00:19:57,440 --> 00:20:02,480 Speaker 1: The ground opening up beneath you. Yeah, yea, or landslides 366 00:20:02,600 --> 00:20:08,160 Speaker 1: much slides, right. So that's that's the science and those 367 00:20:08,200 --> 00:20:11,840 Speaker 1: are the stakes. So let's fast forward to the morning 368 00:20:11,880 --> 00:20:17,160 Speaker 1: of November eleventh, nine thirty Universal time quick note for everyone. 369 00:20:17,480 --> 00:20:21,719 Speaker 1: Universal time or UT is the modern version of Greenwich meantime. 370 00:20:22,119 --> 00:20:26,280 Speaker 1: So nine thirty Universal Time nine thirty AM would be 371 00:20:26,640 --> 00:20:29,520 Speaker 1: four to thirty am here on the east coast of 372 00:20:29,560 --> 00:20:30,760 Speaker 1: the North American continent. 373 00:20:31,280 --> 00:20:35,000 Speaker 3: So these seismic waves begin roughly fifteen miles off the 374 00:20:35,040 --> 00:20:38,360 Speaker 3: shore of Mayote. This is a French island that's kind 375 00:20:38,359 --> 00:20:41,600 Speaker 3: of sandwiched between Africa and the northern tip of Madagascar. 376 00:20:42,200 --> 00:20:44,680 Speaker 3: You can look it up. It's a cool looking little place. 377 00:20:45,320 --> 00:20:49,760 Speaker 3: The waves just started buzzing across Africa and there it 378 00:20:49,840 --> 00:20:53,719 Speaker 3: started ringing sensors all across the Earth, in Zambia, at 379 00:20:53,800 --> 00:20:59,480 Speaker 3: least in this area, Kenya, Ethiopia. They traversed across the oceans. 380 00:20:59,480 --> 00:21:02,040 Speaker 3: There were hum all the way over to Chile, all 381 00:21:02,080 --> 00:21:05,040 Speaker 3: the way to New Zealand, to Canada, even Hawaii nearly 382 00:21:05,160 --> 00:21:10,000 Speaker 3: eleven thousand miles away. So just this one tiny place 383 00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:11,359 Speaker 3: on Earth just starts. 384 00:21:13,800 --> 00:21:16,119 Speaker 1: Well, that's a really good sound effect, kind of a gurgle. 385 00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:20,080 Speaker 3: But here's the thing. Unlike the earthquakes that we've talked about, 386 00:21:20,080 --> 00:21:22,400 Speaker 3: with these waves, you can feel and again the waves 387 00:21:22,520 --> 00:21:25,760 Speaker 3: versus what you can feel can be slightly different depending 388 00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:29,800 Speaker 3: on the frequency, but they didn't just you know, ding 389 00:21:30,359 --> 00:21:34,120 Speaker 3: or and go by. It lasted for over twenty minutes. 390 00:21:34,840 --> 00:21:37,720 Speaker 3: Twenty minutes of this And here's the thing. 391 00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:40,920 Speaker 1: Not only was no one hurt by this event or 392 00:21:40,960 --> 00:21:44,600 Speaker 1: no one hurt during this event, no one knew it happened, 393 00:21:44,720 --> 00:21:47,720 Speaker 1: at least that is until a lone Twitter user noticed 394 00:21:47,760 --> 00:21:50,840 Speaker 1: the ODDS signal on the US Geological Surveys real time 395 00:21:51,119 --> 00:21:55,560 Speaker 1: seismogram displays, and this set off another chain of events. 396 00:21:56,200 --> 00:21:59,520 Speaker 1: No all right, Seismologists around the world tried to figure 397 00:21:59,520 --> 00:22:03,160 Speaker 1: out why this quake was so unusual and how it happened. 398 00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:05,960 Speaker 1: So what did they find? We will tell you after 399 00:22:06,000 --> 00:22:15,600 Speaker 1: a word from our sponsor. Years where it gets crazy. 400 00:22:16,440 --> 00:22:17,440 Speaker 1: No one knows. 401 00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:19,879 Speaker 3: Yeah, still right now, nobody knows. 402 00:22:19,880 --> 00:22:20,959 Speaker 1: Nobody knows what happened. 403 00:22:21,200 --> 00:22:25,840 Speaker 3: So this this occurred on November eleventh, again, November eleventh 404 00:22:25,880 --> 00:22:29,399 Speaker 3: of twenty eighteen, and as of right now we're in 405 00:22:29,480 --> 00:22:32,000 Speaker 3: twenty nineteen. I guess that's not that far of a runway. 406 00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:34,840 Speaker 3: But we still don't know what happened. And we've been 407 00:22:34,880 --> 00:22:38,160 Speaker 3: studying these earthquakes for a while. We have very sensitive 408 00:22:38,160 --> 00:22:41,280 Speaker 3: equipment across the globe, like we said it was noticed 409 00:22:41,280 --> 00:22:45,320 Speaker 3: in all these different places, but we're still in the dark. 410 00:22:45,720 --> 00:22:47,480 Speaker 1: So yeah, one of the reasons we're in the dark 411 00:22:47,560 --> 00:22:51,120 Speaker 1: is that this quake is unusual, add several strange attributes. 412 00:22:51,200 --> 00:22:54,199 Speaker 1: Not only did it last for a cartoonishly long amount 413 00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:57,200 Speaker 1: of time, it also did not behave like any other 414 00:22:57,520 --> 00:23:01,800 Speaker 1: known quake in a normal earthqua. These built up tensions 415 00:23:02,119 --> 00:23:07,360 Speaker 1: again along that transform boundary, right, These built up tensions 416 00:23:07,359 --> 00:23:12,159 Speaker 1: in the lithosphere release with a jolt in seconds, and 417 00:23:12,240 --> 00:23:14,840 Speaker 1: this sends out a series of others, smaller pops, a 418 00:23:14,880 --> 00:23:19,520 Speaker 1: series of waves known as a wave train, which sounds 419 00:23:19,560 --> 00:23:22,600 Speaker 1: like something way more cool, doesn't it. Yeah, I love it. 420 00:23:22,880 --> 00:23:26,359 Speaker 1: A wavetrain is not this awesome car and an Amtrak line. 421 00:23:26,520 --> 00:23:30,200 Speaker 1: It's the series of seismic waves that radiate out from 422 00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:33,840 Speaker 1: the point of wherever this rupture occurs, like ripples in water, 423 00:23:34,040 --> 00:23:37,560 Speaker 1: Like ripples of water. That's excellent. Yeah, And we have 424 00:23:37,680 --> 00:23:41,199 Speaker 1: descriptions from seismologists like Stephen Hicks at the University of 425 00:23:41,200 --> 00:23:46,160 Speaker 1: Southampton who he breaks down the order in which these 426 00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:49,959 Speaker 1: waves occur. So the fastest traveling signals are the ones 427 00:23:50,240 --> 00:23:55,800 Speaker 1: called They're called the primary waves, and the seismologists call 428 00:23:55,880 --> 00:23:58,760 Speaker 1: them the pee waves, I know, but they move in 429 00:23:58,840 --> 00:24:02,359 Speaker 1: bunches like what happens to an extended slinky when you 430 00:24:02,440 --> 00:24:05,000 Speaker 1: suddenly push it at one end. Yes, you can see 431 00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:08,600 Speaker 1: that wave occur, and then they're you know, the wave 432 00:24:08,680 --> 00:24:09,919 Speaker 1: chain continues. Yea. 433 00:24:10,160 --> 00:24:13,560 Speaker 3: Then you get secondary waves or S waves, and these 434 00:24:13,600 --> 00:24:18,760 Speaker 3: have more of a side to side motion. And both 435 00:24:18,840 --> 00:24:21,880 Speaker 3: these two, the primary and the S waves, have relatively 436 00:24:21,920 --> 00:24:26,359 Speaker 3: high frequencies, and Hicks describes them as a sort of 437 00:24:26,520 --> 00:24:28,000 Speaker 3: ping rather than a rumbling. 438 00:24:28,440 --> 00:24:32,119 Speaker 2: And after that then you have these slow, kind of 439 00:24:32,240 --> 00:24:35,720 Speaker 2: longer period surface waves that show up. And these are 440 00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:40,080 Speaker 2: the ones that most closely resemble the signals from Mayot. 441 00:24:40,800 --> 00:24:43,680 Speaker 1: Yeah, which is weird because there's no big earthquake, right, 442 00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:45,840 Speaker 1: they're supposed to come third in line. 443 00:24:46,200 --> 00:24:46,640 Speaker 3: Yeah. 444 00:24:46,640 --> 00:24:48,720 Speaker 2: Here they are again just sort of happening. It's a 445 00:24:48,840 --> 00:24:51,600 Speaker 2: little irritating to scientists, right, well. 446 00:24:51,520 --> 00:24:53,320 Speaker 3: Yeah, because you get just get these surface waves all 447 00:24:53,359 --> 00:24:55,600 Speaker 3: of a sudden, and what the hell is happening here? Guys? 448 00:24:55,760 --> 00:24:59,919 Speaker 3: Anyone go on Twitter, Hey what's this? And then just 449 00:25:00,080 --> 00:25:01,320 Speaker 3: a Twitter storm occurred? 450 00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:05,400 Speaker 1: Right exactly what the hell is going on? Is there 451 00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:09,920 Speaker 1: no order to this chaotic and uncarrying, inexplicable universe? Right, 452 00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:18,080 Speaker 1: seismologists weren't grappling with philosophical quandtries of that nature. They 453 00:25:18,119 --> 00:25:21,440 Speaker 1: were they were more focused on figuring out why this 454 00:25:21,560 --> 00:25:26,200 Speaker 1: thing is happening. Right, And now we're at the point 455 00:25:26,240 --> 00:25:29,359 Speaker 1: where there are several theories, some that are more plausible 456 00:25:29,400 --> 00:25:32,040 Speaker 1: than others. We can we can walk through some of these. 457 00:25:32,520 --> 00:25:37,600 Speaker 1: They get increasingly exciting. One what about a meteor What 458 00:25:37,640 --> 00:25:43,359 Speaker 1: if a meteorite somehow caused earthquakes? Initially, scientists searched the 459 00:25:43,480 --> 00:25:47,280 Speaker 1: region around this island to see whether there was any 460 00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:50,440 Speaker 1: evidence that a non terrestrial object could be the culprit 461 00:25:50,520 --> 00:25:53,480 Speaker 1: behind the quake. So far, no one has found any 462 00:25:53,520 --> 00:25:57,879 Speaker 1: compelling proof. So this theory, while it has some sand 463 00:25:57,960 --> 00:26:00,840 Speaker 1: to it, can be safe dismissed. 464 00:26:01,400 --> 00:26:04,480 Speaker 3: And I guess in a way this could make sense, 465 00:26:04,600 --> 00:26:07,720 Speaker 3: I guess to someone theorizing about it because you don't 466 00:26:07,760 --> 00:26:11,520 Speaker 3: have those those P and S waves that are associated 467 00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:14,320 Speaker 3: with that quick jolt, right, That's why this one was 468 00:26:14,480 --> 00:26:15,600 Speaker 3: thought to be possible. 469 00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:17,560 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, good point. 470 00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:19,480 Speaker 3: Just because I guess if you had the surface waves 471 00:26:19,520 --> 00:26:23,119 Speaker 3: of or the surface and literally the surface of the 472 00:26:23,160 --> 00:26:28,840 Speaker 3: water being impacted without that deep cracking, I guess that 473 00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:29,359 Speaker 3: makes sense. 474 00:26:29,520 --> 00:26:33,600 Speaker 1: That makes sense to me, But again not that yes, 475 00:26:33,680 --> 00:26:36,359 Speaker 1: so not that they So what if it were not 476 00:26:36,680 --> 00:26:41,159 Speaker 1: an act of nature in its random you know, infinite 477 00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:45,080 Speaker 1: monkeys typing nine infinite typewriters sort of scenario, What if 478 00:26:45,400 --> 00:26:47,400 Speaker 1: somehow human beings are responsible. 479 00:26:47,720 --> 00:26:51,720 Speaker 2: Yeah, but here's the thing. Scientists tend to want to 480 00:26:51,760 --> 00:26:58,359 Speaker 2: take care to not accidentally veer into bananas conspiracy theory territory. 481 00:26:58,720 --> 00:27:04,200 Speaker 2: But the way these waves behaved, the regularity of them 482 00:27:04,880 --> 00:27:08,800 Speaker 2: was quite extraordinary, quite remarkable. So you see that long 483 00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:13,240 Speaker 2: low frequency grumble is kind of punctuated by a series 484 00:27:13,320 --> 00:27:17,120 Speaker 2: of high frequency blips signals. It turns out that have 485 00:27:17,520 --> 00:27:23,440 Speaker 2: very regular intervals like this often tend to be artificially generated. 486 00:27:24,119 --> 00:27:24,840 Speaker 2: That's just how it is. 487 00:27:25,320 --> 00:27:28,359 Speaker 3: And yeah, as you're reading about this event, because you 488 00:27:28,359 --> 00:27:32,200 Speaker 3: can find it in places from Gizmoto to Big Think, 489 00:27:32,840 --> 00:27:37,040 Speaker 3: they are they discuss how these tiny little pings occurred, 490 00:27:38,080 --> 00:27:43,360 Speaker 3: as Nola was saying, like clockwork. That's just if you're 491 00:27:43,400 --> 00:27:46,240 Speaker 3: looking at the wave forms, it would literally be as 492 00:27:46,280 --> 00:27:49,959 Speaker 3: though someone is playing an instrument or hitting something or 493 00:27:50,000 --> 00:27:54,160 Speaker 3: a mechanical device is triggering at an exact time. It's 494 00:27:54,240 --> 00:27:55,200 Speaker 3: so weird. 495 00:27:55,560 --> 00:28:00,360 Speaker 1: And it's spooky. This is kind of a matter of interpretation, 496 00:28:00,640 --> 00:28:05,760 Speaker 1: but it is it feels way more plausible or way 497 00:28:05,760 --> 00:28:10,200 Speaker 1: more probable, rather that this is somehow man made. When 498 00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:12,280 Speaker 1: you hear it, yes, you know what I mean. It 499 00:28:12,480 --> 00:28:16,960 Speaker 1: sounds similar to machinery in terms of the intervals. But 500 00:28:18,119 --> 00:28:23,600 Speaker 1: our species has been fooled before, right, we First we 501 00:28:23,680 --> 00:28:26,159 Speaker 1: have to admit we have found no evidence of heavy 502 00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:28,960 Speaker 1: industry in the area, at least nothing that people know 503 00:28:29,040 --> 00:28:33,320 Speaker 1: of so far. Right, and to be fair, we have 504 00:28:33,520 --> 00:28:38,800 Speaker 1: encountered other natural processes and phenomena and objects that have 505 00:28:38,920 --> 00:28:43,440 Speaker 1: the appearance of regularity. When pulsars came out in the 506 00:28:44,840 --> 00:28:47,040 Speaker 1: we're discovered, I guess it's a better way to say it. 507 00:28:47,080 --> 00:28:52,280 Speaker 1: When pulsars were discovered in the nineteen sixties, people were 508 00:28:52,360 --> 00:28:55,240 Speaker 1: convinced they were generated by intelligent life. 509 00:28:55,560 --> 00:28:56,400 Speaker 3: Oh, hands down. 510 00:28:56,760 --> 00:28:59,440 Speaker 1: And even looking at a pulsar now it's like, okay. 511 00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:04,400 Speaker 3: Really, you're gonna make that light exactly that many times 512 00:29:04,440 --> 00:29:05,800 Speaker 3: at that rate? 513 00:29:06,200 --> 00:29:11,120 Speaker 1: Okay, cool, Because pulsars, you know, rapidly rotate and they 514 00:29:11,240 --> 00:29:14,680 Speaker 1: have this kind of lighthouse appearance, and the flashes seem 515 00:29:14,720 --> 00:29:20,280 Speaker 1: to be on a regular calculated frequency, right or interval. 516 00:29:20,480 --> 00:29:24,160 Speaker 1: So the original source of pulsars. When it's discovered they 517 00:29:24,160 --> 00:29:28,960 Speaker 1: were called lgms, which stood for little Green men. So 518 00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:32,880 Speaker 1: we've been fulled before. This still could be some This 519 00:29:33,040 --> 00:29:35,840 Speaker 1: still could be a natural phenomenon rather than you know, 520 00:29:35,880 --> 00:29:39,280 Speaker 1: a large scale fracking or something. So there's no evidence 521 00:29:39,320 --> 00:29:43,120 Speaker 1: of something man made that's large enough to produce this kind. 522 00:29:42,960 --> 00:29:45,320 Speaker 3: Of global event that we know about. 523 00:29:45,480 --> 00:29:48,600 Speaker 1: That we know about, that's correct, So what if we 524 00:29:48,800 --> 00:29:51,360 Speaker 1: look more closely under the water. 525 00:29:52,080 --> 00:29:54,920 Speaker 3: And for that we go to the French Geological Survey 526 00:29:55,120 --> 00:29:59,520 Speaker 3: or the BRGM, and it's closely monitoring the recent shaking 527 00:29:59,680 --> 00:30:02,800 Speaker 3: and it's suggests that there's a new center of volcanic 528 00:30:02,840 --> 00:30:06,120 Speaker 3: activity that may be developing off the coast of Mayote. 529 00:30:06,240 --> 00:30:12,240 Speaker 3: Because Mayote was formed from volcanism or volcanoes volcanic activity, 530 00:30:12,560 --> 00:30:15,640 Speaker 3: but the volcanoes in this area have just they haven't 531 00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:20,360 Speaker 3: erupted in over four thousand years. So basically the thinking was, well, 532 00:30:20,400 --> 00:30:23,760 Speaker 3: perhaps that's not the first go to just because it's 533 00:30:23,760 --> 00:30:27,240 Speaker 3: been dormant for so long. But the BRGM, again, the 534 00:30:27,320 --> 00:30:31,240 Speaker 3: French Geological Survey's analysis, it suggests that this new activity 535 00:30:31,280 --> 00:30:35,920 Speaker 3: may point to magmatic movement offshore. And we're talking we're 536 00:30:35,920 --> 00:30:38,840 Speaker 3: not talking like, take a few steps. We're talking miles 537 00:30:39,480 --> 00:30:42,280 Speaker 3: from the coast under thousands of feet of water. 538 00:30:42,440 --> 00:30:45,560 Speaker 1: Oh oh, Matt, Matt, So yeah, I have to interject 539 00:30:45,680 --> 00:30:48,080 Speaker 1: because this is one of my I propose this be 540 00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:52,000 Speaker 1: the word of the day. Okay, episode that was Some 541 00:30:52,040 --> 00:30:55,120 Speaker 1: people may have thought that you were mispronouncing magnetic, but 542 00:30:55,200 --> 00:30:58,200 Speaker 1: you're not. Oh you're saying magmatic. 543 00:30:58,400 --> 00:30:59,200 Speaker 3: Yes, magmatic. 544 00:30:59,320 --> 00:31:00,360 Speaker 1: What a great word. 545 00:31:00,800 --> 00:31:04,000 Speaker 3: Yeah, buddy, magmatic. 546 00:31:05,080 --> 00:31:09,200 Speaker 1: I like volcanism too, volcanism magmatic. Yeah. I think the 547 00:31:09,240 --> 00:31:11,280 Speaker 1: reason a lot of people get into the science of 548 00:31:11,280 --> 00:31:13,200 Speaker 1: this stuff is because the names are so cool. 549 00:31:13,280 --> 00:31:14,120 Speaker 2: It's fun to say. 550 00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:14,640 Speaker 1: Yeah. 551 00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:17,960 Speaker 2: Man, So if this is the case, then well here's 552 00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:21,680 Speaker 2: my question. First of all, if they haven't rupted in 553 00:31:21,680 --> 00:31:25,000 Speaker 2: four thousand years, doesn't that mean they're due for an eruption? Guys? 554 00:31:25,400 --> 00:31:26,800 Speaker 2: I mean, I don't really know how it works. And 555 00:31:26,800 --> 00:31:28,360 Speaker 2: you think they could predict it, they could see if 556 00:31:28,400 --> 00:31:30,160 Speaker 2: there was something. Where's all the lava? 557 00:31:30,280 --> 00:31:30,440 Speaker 1: Right? 558 00:31:30,720 --> 00:31:33,120 Speaker 3: Yeah, exactly where's the lava? And if you think about 559 00:31:33,440 --> 00:31:36,760 Speaker 3: some of the things we've discussed in a slightly different capacity, 560 00:31:36,800 --> 00:31:40,240 Speaker 3: but with oh what the hell am I thinking here? 561 00:31:40,320 --> 00:31:46,880 Speaker 3: The super volcano in the middle of the United Yes, 562 00:31:47,000 --> 00:31:49,160 Speaker 3: and you think about that when you're talking about the 563 00:31:49,240 --> 00:31:51,760 Speaker 3: interval of time, noal where it's been so long, we're 564 00:31:51,840 --> 00:31:53,320 Speaker 3: just waiting for it to occur. 565 00:31:53,600 --> 00:31:57,360 Speaker 1: But also it's the margin of error here is in 566 00:31:57,480 --> 00:32:02,800 Speaker 1: terms of geologic geological time, right, we are but a blip, 567 00:32:03,120 --> 00:32:06,040 Speaker 1: We are a we are an awkward thought in the 568 00:32:06,160 --> 00:32:10,280 Speaker 1: very fleeting ephemera of Earth's mind. So this is when 569 00:32:10,320 --> 00:32:13,320 Speaker 1: we see another proposal. And so folks at the E. N. 570 00:32:13,440 --> 00:32:17,200 Speaker 1: S University in Paris say, hey, maybe it's not a meteor. 571 00:32:18,560 --> 00:32:23,880 Speaker 1: Maybe there's magma draining from a site somewhere and it's 572 00:32:23,960 --> 00:32:28,600 Speaker 1: caused in its magma draining from a subterranean reservoir. And 573 00:32:28,720 --> 00:32:32,479 Speaker 1: when the magma is moving, the reservoir is collapsing, and 574 00:32:32,560 --> 00:32:36,320 Speaker 1: this is causing quakes. And they looked at the GPS 575 00:32:36,400 --> 00:32:40,760 Speaker 1: data and from that they said, okay, we think this 576 00:32:40,880 --> 00:32:45,120 Speaker 1: kind of thing might happen if zero point three cubic 577 00:32:45,240 --> 00:32:49,880 Speaker 1: miles of magma all moved at once, or they said, 578 00:32:50,040 --> 00:32:53,880 Speaker 1: possibly sea monsters, the eldritchge dead and dreaming beast from 579 00:32:53,920 --> 00:32:57,360 Speaker 1: the darkness between the stars, slumbering until the constellations reach 580 00:32:57,400 --> 00:33:02,200 Speaker 1: a predetermined position. Not can I mean scientists did propose 581 00:33:02,280 --> 00:33:03,560 Speaker 1: that multiple people. 582 00:33:03,640 --> 00:33:05,840 Speaker 3: Actually they did some kind of eldritch beast. 583 00:33:05,960 --> 00:33:08,920 Speaker 1: I'm pretty sure they were joking. But you know, what 584 00:33:08,960 --> 00:33:10,880 Speaker 1: would the show be if we don't include that part? 585 00:33:11,400 --> 00:33:13,000 Speaker 3: Yep, yep. 586 00:33:13,640 --> 00:33:17,080 Speaker 1: And speaking of the weird out there stuff, we did 587 00:33:17,240 --> 00:33:22,120 Speaker 1: save the best theory. Sorry, I can't speak for everyone 588 00:33:22,160 --> 00:33:23,440 Speaker 1: in my opinion the best theory. 589 00:33:23,480 --> 00:33:25,960 Speaker 2: Oh no, no, I'm right there with you, Ben Concur, Oh. 590 00:33:25,800 --> 00:33:28,440 Speaker 1: Great, we saved the best one. Then we're unanimous on this. 591 00:33:28,720 --> 00:33:32,440 Speaker 1: Who saved the best one? For last? Learn all about 592 00:33:32,440 --> 00:33:41,040 Speaker 1: the vortex after a word from our sponsors. 593 00:33:41,360 --> 00:33:44,680 Speaker 3: Wait the Vortex, huge dramatic music, the war. 594 00:33:44,680 --> 00:33:46,080 Speaker 1: War, war tech tech tech text. 595 00:33:46,720 --> 00:33:51,240 Speaker 4: Back in twenty thirteen, Wiki leaks released an article alleging 596 00:33:51,280 --> 00:33:54,760 Speaker 4: that a mysterious vortex opened over the Gulf of Aden, 597 00:33:55,360 --> 00:33:59,400 Speaker 4: just off the Horn of Africa, which created catastrophic weather 598 00:33:59,720 --> 00:34:01,880 Speaker 4: in the early two thousands. 599 00:34:03,160 --> 00:34:07,920 Speaker 3: So like a portal, Just like a portal, but a vortex. 600 00:34:07,640 --> 00:34:11,680 Speaker 1: Fortse Yeah, but this is what we're talking wikiliks, right, Yeah, 601 00:34:11,719 --> 00:34:15,760 Speaker 1: WikiLeaks did release this. It was according to a report 602 00:34:15,920 --> 00:34:20,680 Speaker 1: allegedly prepared by an Admiral Maximov of Russia's Northern Fleet 603 00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:25,000 Speaker 1: for Vladimir Putin. What they said was in late two thousand, 604 00:34:25,080 --> 00:34:28,560 Speaker 1: the specific year two thousand, there was a magnetic vortex 605 00:34:28,640 --> 00:34:31,280 Speaker 1: that was discovered in this area that you just described, 606 00:34:31,320 --> 00:34:34,920 Speaker 1: matt in the Gulf of Aden. And according to the story, Russia, 607 00:34:35,280 --> 00:34:39,200 Speaker 1: the People's Republic of China, and the USA joined together, 608 00:34:39,800 --> 00:34:45,600 Speaker 1: cast aside their paltry human differences to study what this 609 00:34:45,719 --> 00:34:48,920 Speaker 1: vortex was, and they discovered that it defied logic and 610 00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:53,400 Speaker 1: the laws of physics. This sent the world the conspiracy sphere, 611 00:34:54,239 --> 00:34:57,640 Speaker 1: kind of like the lithosphere, I guess, on fire. And 612 00:34:57,719 --> 00:35:01,839 Speaker 1: with the recent reports of audun events near mayott More, 613 00:35:01,920 --> 00:35:04,839 Speaker 1: theorists are resurrecting this story, and who can blame them? 614 00:35:04,880 --> 00:35:07,279 Speaker 3: It's a great story, dude, doe. The cover story from 615 00:35:07,320 --> 00:35:10,560 Speaker 3: the governments was that all of these navies were joining 616 00:35:10,600 --> 00:35:12,719 Speaker 3: forces to combat Somali pirates. 617 00:35:12,880 --> 00:35:15,320 Speaker 1: That's true, Yeah, that's true, which is strange when you 618 00:35:15,360 --> 00:35:16,799 Speaker 1: think about how much firepower that. 619 00:35:16,719 --> 00:35:18,959 Speaker 3: Would be, you know what I mean, Yeah, to fight 620 00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:23,719 Speaker 3: a vortex or whatever was going to emerge from the vortex. 621 00:35:24,560 --> 00:35:27,960 Speaker 1: And that's yeah, you've stump you've stumbled on it. So 622 00:35:28,120 --> 00:35:31,920 Speaker 1: people have also connected this with something called the Norway 623 00:35:32,280 --> 00:35:38,920 Speaker 1: spiral or Norway vortex, and people started I guess pretty 624 00:35:39,000 --> 00:35:43,440 Speaker 1: quickly people began bringing aliens into the picture, right, Yeah, 625 00:35:43,480 --> 00:35:47,360 Speaker 1: because why else would these geopolitical adversaries or at best 626 00:35:47,400 --> 00:35:48,719 Speaker 1: frenemies cooperate. 627 00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:52,959 Speaker 3: Yeah, there's an alleged connection to Jupiter, which is which 628 00:35:53,000 --> 00:35:55,960 Speaker 3: is fun about one of the large storms that's on 629 00:35:56,080 --> 00:35:59,400 Speaker 3: Jupiter and the vortex showing up when the storm on 630 00:35:59,520 --> 00:36:04,759 Speaker 3: Jupiter was re emerging. I could not correlate those two 631 00:36:04,800 --> 00:36:08,600 Speaker 3: things together just in my own independent research, but it's 632 00:36:08,920 --> 00:36:10,200 Speaker 3: been discussed about this. 633 00:36:11,200 --> 00:36:16,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, and there are other earthquake related things too. Oh yeah, 634 00:36:16,560 --> 00:36:19,520 Speaker 1: so we know some of these things are true. Weather 635 00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:25,359 Speaker 1: manipulation is a real thing that occurs. China regularly practices this. 636 00:36:26,080 --> 00:36:29,760 Speaker 1: Other countries have certainly dabbled with it. The US engaged 637 00:36:29,800 --> 00:36:35,440 Speaker 1: in weather manipulation during the Vietnam War. For some people 638 00:36:35,440 --> 00:36:39,400 Speaker 1: who believe this vortex exists, the world powers are cooperating 639 00:36:39,480 --> 00:36:45,280 Speaker 1: to combat weather related shenanigans. But the people who spice 640 00:36:45,280 --> 00:36:49,080 Speaker 1: this up with claims of extraterrestrial or even interdimensional contact 641 00:36:50,080 --> 00:36:52,920 Speaker 1: alleged that world governments in secret have been able to 642 00:36:53,040 --> 00:36:58,160 Speaker 1: contact or confront something not of this world. 643 00:36:58,400 --> 00:36:59,839 Speaker 3: Yeah. I'm gonna go out on a lemon and say 644 00:36:59,880 --> 00:37:03,160 Speaker 3: we probably didn't confront something from out of this world, 645 00:37:03,200 --> 00:37:05,560 Speaker 3: because we would be squashed like a bug. 646 00:37:05,719 --> 00:37:07,680 Speaker 1: I don't know, man, front are get fronted, you know. 647 00:37:08,280 --> 00:37:11,560 Speaker 3: Yeah, do you have it? We're just mostly throwing iron 648 00:37:11,640 --> 00:37:14,440 Speaker 3: and different metals that are just propelled at high speed 649 00:37:14,440 --> 00:37:15,000 Speaker 3: at these things. 650 00:37:15,120 --> 00:37:17,360 Speaker 1: It's true, we don't have any really cool stuff. 651 00:37:17,120 --> 00:37:19,320 Speaker 3: Yet, explosives, I guess, sir. 652 00:37:19,800 --> 00:37:23,799 Speaker 1: Well, I mean, if you detonated a nuclear weapon, you 653 00:37:23,840 --> 00:37:27,040 Speaker 1: would it's kind of cutting off your nose despite your face, 654 00:37:27,080 --> 00:37:27,680 Speaker 1: you know what I mean. 655 00:37:27,880 --> 00:37:32,560 Speaker 3: You'd find a seismic activity, some seismic activity though. 656 00:37:32,440 --> 00:37:35,120 Speaker 1: That is true. That is true, and you will find 657 00:37:35,200 --> 00:37:38,719 Speaker 1: reports that say a forty one earthquake or thirty five 658 00:37:38,719 --> 00:37:41,480 Speaker 1: earthquakes occurred in a twenty four hour period in the 659 00:37:41,520 --> 00:37:46,480 Speaker 1: Gulf of Aiden. And also a ton of military vessels 660 00:37:46,520 --> 00:37:49,560 Speaker 1: and commercial vessels are in the Gulf of Aiden. It's 661 00:37:49,719 --> 00:37:51,960 Speaker 1: a huge shipping lane for the world, you know what 662 00:37:52,000 --> 00:37:52,279 Speaker 1: I mean. 663 00:37:52,800 --> 00:37:57,839 Speaker 3: But yes, but there's also one major problem, right, what's 664 00:37:57,880 --> 00:38:00,920 Speaker 3: that the location? Location? 665 00:38:02,160 --> 00:38:05,440 Speaker 1: That is okay, yes, yes, that is true. So the 666 00:38:05,520 --> 00:38:08,880 Speaker 1: Gulf of Aiden is a seven hour plane flight away 667 00:38:09,120 --> 00:38:12,239 Speaker 1: from Mayo. So while it could be considered sort of 668 00:38:12,320 --> 00:38:15,680 Speaker 1: in the region, sure, it's not nearby. You don't pop 669 00:38:15,760 --> 00:38:18,319 Speaker 1: over to the Gulf of Aiden to you know, pick 670 00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:20,080 Speaker 1: up milk. 671 00:38:20,560 --> 00:38:23,080 Speaker 3: I don't Knoweah, Well, you know, unless you're in some 672 00:38:23,200 --> 00:38:27,359 Speaker 3: kind of vessel that is interdimensional in nature, or can 673 00:38:27,440 --> 00:38:31,240 Speaker 3: travel faster than light, or even just travel extremely extremely 674 00:38:31,280 --> 00:38:36,680 Speaker 3: fast and travel underwater, maybe you could get there really quickly. 675 00:38:38,040 --> 00:38:42,200 Speaker 1: Yeah, what is really happening at the Gulf of Aiden? 676 00:38:42,360 --> 00:38:46,400 Speaker 1: And where did these reports come from? So? Wiki leaks 677 00:38:46,400 --> 00:38:50,440 Speaker 1: has been associated with legitimate stuff. The way they release 678 00:38:50,480 --> 00:38:54,600 Speaker 1: it may have some sort of angle, right, but what 679 00:38:55,040 --> 00:38:56,719 Speaker 1: they just I guess the better way to say it 680 00:38:56,760 --> 00:39:02,280 Speaker 1: is WikiLeaks definitely has its own agenda. They do display 681 00:39:02,440 --> 00:39:06,080 Speaker 1: editorial bias in the way that they release certain things 682 00:39:06,120 --> 00:39:10,359 Speaker 1: and hold other ones in confidence. But usually when they 683 00:39:10,400 --> 00:39:13,600 Speaker 1: release stuff, it's true or it's written in what it's 684 00:39:13,600 --> 00:39:15,920 Speaker 1: written by someone who believes it to be true. 685 00:39:16,080 --> 00:39:18,600 Speaker 3: Right, Yeah, and it was a this is part of 686 00:39:18,640 --> 00:39:23,359 Speaker 3: a strap for email at least a leak that came 687 00:39:23,360 --> 00:39:26,839 Speaker 3: from the Global Intelligence files. Okay, this has occurred in 688 00:39:26,880 --> 00:39:31,120 Speaker 3: twenty twelve. February twenty seventh, that's when this specific email 689 00:39:31,400 --> 00:39:38,839 Speaker 3: was released with the subject huh mysterious vortex warned it's 690 00:39:38,920 --> 00:39:42,960 Speaker 3: creating warned is creating global weather catastrophe. 691 00:39:43,280 --> 00:39:50,960 Speaker 1: Yeah. So for context, Stratfor is a intelligence platform, publisher 692 00:39:51,080 --> 00:39:53,359 Speaker 1: kind of subscription service. You can also get some free 693 00:39:53,400 --> 00:39:57,359 Speaker 1: emails from them. That was founded in Austin, Texas, and 694 00:39:57,600 --> 00:40:01,920 Speaker 1: they report on geo political stuff, a lot of state 695 00:40:02,080 --> 00:40:05,280 Speaker 1: craft and a lot of things that would be helpful 696 00:40:05,320 --> 00:40:07,400 Speaker 1: to multinational corporations. 697 00:40:07,640 --> 00:40:11,239 Speaker 3: Yeah, and specifically weapons companies are built into this whole 698 00:40:11,239 --> 00:40:12,600 Speaker 3: thing and intelligence and all that. 699 00:40:13,840 --> 00:40:16,320 Speaker 1: So where can where can you get the best price 700 00:40:16,960 --> 00:40:21,720 Speaker 1: selling guns things like that, honestly? Or where where our 701 00:40:21,760 --> 00:40:25,160 Speaker 1: market's unstable? And so of course they would be concerned 702 00:40:25,200 --> 00:40:27,840 Speaker 1: with these weird reports. I know what a lot of 703 00:40:27,920 --> 00:40:31,880 Speaker 1: us are thinking. Did this email come out on April first? No? 704 00:40:31,880 --> 00:40:32,520 Speaker 3: No, did not. 705 00:40:32,640 --> 00:40:32,879 Speaker 1: First? 706 00:40:34,760 --> 00:40:38,720 Speaker 3: Well, it was from a website called pack alert press 707 00:40:38,840 --> 00:40:42,799 Speaker 3: dot com, and I mean it was a it was 708 00:40:42,840 --> 00:40:46,520 Speaker 3: a news story at the time. But here's the thing. 709 00:40:47,280 --> 00:40:51,600 Speaker 3: The source that was being like mentioned in this email 710 00:40:51,680 --> 00:40:55,760 Speaker 3: that was sent or found within this leak. That's really 711 00:40:55,800 --> 00:40:58,200 Speaker 3: what we're talking about here. The person that wrote the 712 00:40:58,320 --> 00:41:01,000 Speaker 3: article or at least provided the information for the article. 713 00:41:02,480 --> 00:41:07,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, there's another conspiracy here. This is this is an 714 00:41:07,600 --> 00:41:11,400 Speaker 1: author or propagandist or group of authors or group of 715 00:41:11,480 --> 00:41:14,840 Speaker 1: propagandists going by the handle sort of Fall, which sounds 716 00:41:14,840 --> 00:41:16,560 Speaker 1: like a cool name from Star Wars. 717 00:41:16,719 --> 00:41:20,680 Speaker 3: It really does. But they're known for putting out this 718 00:41:20,880 --> 00:41:25,799 Speaker 3: kind of bogus. Again, it's propaganda or just disinformation, or 719 00:41:26,719 --> 00:41:31,440 Speaker 3: just headlining or grabbing headlines that are completely false or 720 00:41:31,440 --> 00:41:34,080 Speaker 3: at least based on this tiny little morsel of truth, 721 00:41:34,280 --> 00:41:35,240 Speaker 3: and then just nothing. 722 00:41:35,520 --> 00:41:40,719 Speaker 1: Okay, so I'm with you my question, Yeah, to what 723 00:41:41,040 --> 00:41:44,120 Speaker 1: end does this story of some strange vortex over the 724 00:41:44,160 --> 00:41:49,560 Speaker 1: Gulf of Aiden help or hinder Russian operations if it 725 00:41:49,640 --> 00:41:52,719 Speaker 1: really is, if it really is some sort of propaganda. 726 00:41:52,800 --> 00:41:55,319 Speaker 1: I mean, have you read the It's essentially lore at 727 00:41:55,320 --> 00:41:55,719 Speaker 1: this point. 728 00:41:55,800 --> 00:41:56,879 Speaker 3: Yeah, right, So. 729 00:41:59,239 --> 00:42:01,239 Speaker 1: I guess the best way to say it is, do 730 00:42:01,280 --> 00:42:03,120 Speaker 1: we all remember the film Stargate? 731 00:42:03,440 --> 00:42:03,760 Speaker 3: Yes? 732 00:42:03,840 --> 00:42:08,640 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah? All right, so Stargate the villain is 733 00:42:08,800 --> 00:42:13,640 Speaker 1: also the love interest in the Crying Game, correct, right. 734 00:42:14,000 --> 00:42:14,080 Speaker 3: So. 735 00:42:15,960 --> 00:42:22,440 Speaker 1: Stargate. The gist of Stargate is that ancient civilization was 736 00:42:22,560 --> 00:42:27,279 Speaker 1: founded by extraterrestrials who possess a gate that lets one 737 00:42:27,320 --> 00:42:30,640 Speaker 1: travel through time and space in an unorthodox, much more 738 00:42:30,680 --> 00:42:34,799 Speaker 1: efficient manner, a stargate, if you will. And for some 739 00:42:34,840 --> 00:42:38,040 Speaker 1: people have looked into the Gulf of Aden. What's actually happening, 740 00:42:38,080 --> 00:42:42,640 Speaker 1: in their interpretation is that the US has found or 741 00:42:42,719 --> 00:42:47,440 Speaker 1: created or resurrected some sort of thing like this, some 742 00:42:47,480 --> 00:42:51,320 Speaker 1: sort of passage to other dimensions or to distant places 743 00:42:51,360 --> 00:42:56,320 Speaker 1: in time and space several like this is very closely 744 00:42:56,400 --> 00:43:00,120 Speaker 1: related to the idea that the US invaded Iraq to 745 00:43:00,160 --> 00:43:03,120 Speaker 1: find a stargate. Did you ever hear that one? 746 00:43:03,200 --> 00:43:06,239 Speaker 3: Yeah? I loved that. I loved that theory. That was 747 00:43:06,239 --> 00:43:09,680 Speaker 3: so much fun. Again for me, these are so exciting 748 00:43:10,000 --> 00:43:13,400 Speaker 3: and I don't know, they reawakened the kid in me 749 00:43:13,520 --> 00:43:16,080 Speaker 3: that watched the X Files, you know, before going to 750 00:43:16,120 --> 00:43:20,160 Speaker 3: bed and then had glorious dreams and nightmares about the 751 00:43:20,200 --> 00:43:23,440 Speaker 3: monsters that you could find within or the aliens and 752 00:43:23,480 --> 00:43:27,840 Speaker 3: what they would actually be like. But unfortunately, in my mind, 753 00:43:27,960 --> 00:43:31,200 Speaker 3: to my mind, that's what this is. Because we're still 754 00:43:31,200 --> 00:43:34,480 Speaker 3: talking about seismic activity that occurred in a place that 755 00:43:34,640 --> 00:43:38,520 Speaker 3: is a seven hour airplane ride from this other place 756 00:43:39,360 --> 00:43:44,120 Speaker 3: that allegedly maybe had something weird going on with the 757 00:43:44,200 --> 00:43:47,200 Speaker 3: vortex that some propaganda's ward about. 758 00:43:48,239 --> 00:43:52,839 Speaker 1: Okay, yes, totally true. Also, I think I'm pretty biased here. 759 00:43:54,400 --> 00:43:56,000 Speaker 1: I'm just gonna say I've never been to the Gulf 760 00:43:56,040 --> 00:43:59,719 Speaker 1: of Aden. Okay, same, yeah, all right, that's what they 761 00:43:59,760 --> 00:44:00,839 Speaker 1: get up to around there. 762 00:44:01,040 --> 00:44:01,680 Speaker 3: That's fair. 763 00:44:01,760 --> 00:44:04,040 Speaker 1: It might be stargates all day. Man. It might be 764 00:44:04,080 --> 00:44:08,279 Speaker 1: like a mall that is also a stargate so that 765 00:44:08,400 --> 00:44:10,920 Speaker 1: you can get pretzels. 766 00:44:10,960 --> 00:44:12,960 Speaker 2: I would picture the stargate would be sort of in 767 00:44:13,000 --> 00:44:15,719 Speaker 2: the center where Santa Claus usually sits. You have to 768 00:44:15,719 --> 00:44:17,600 Speaker 2: wait in line to the stargate. 769 00:44:18,120 --> 00:44:20,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, either that or like an anchor store, you know. 770 00:44:20,920 --> 00:44:23,440 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, it's because I think you're right, man, it's 771 00:44:23,440 --> 00:44:25,880 Speaker 1: basically wherever they put the Santa that's where they would. 772 00:44:25,680 --> 00:44:26,240 Speaker 2: Put the start. 773 00:44:27,000 --> 00:44:29,360 Speaker 3: And to be further fair, I think it's safe to 774 00:44:29,360 --> 00:44:32,800 Speaker 3: say that all of us are just holding our breaths 775 00:44:32,880 --> 00:44:35,840 Speaker 3: until the ancient ancient ones come back, right. 776 00:44:35,800 --> 00:44:39,319 Speaker 2: I personally will welcome them with open arms. Yeah, and 777 00:44:39,360 --> 00:44:41,000 Speaker 2: pledge my allegiance to them instantly. 778 00:44:41,040 --> 00:44:43,520 Speaker 3: Oh yeah, I mean you'll only exist for a few seconds, 779 00:44:43,520 --> 00:44:45,120 Speaker 3: but those seconds will just be not. 780 00:44:45,120 --> 00:44:48,239 Speaker 2: If I pledge my allegiance quickly enough, you think, so, Yeah. 781 00:44:47,960 --> 00:44:51,160 Speaker 1: You got to know the customs man, like what is 782 00:44:51,239 --> 00:44:55,200 Speaker 1: considered pledging allegiance? You know, what if they communicate by 783 00:44:55,320 --> 00:44:59,359 Speaker 1: smell and the first person to just rip an obnoxious 784 00:44:59,400 --> 00:45:06,440 Speaker 1: fart because like they'reputized. Yeah, they're human, like Les Petelint, 785 00:45:07,560 --> 00:45:08,880 Speaker 1: the professional French Flageli. 786 00:45:08,920 --> 00:45:10,560 Speaker 2: These are all very important things to consider. 787 00:45:10,760 --> 00:45:13,400 Speaker 1: These are all very We want you all to go 788 00:45:13,600 --> 00:45:19,160 Speaker 1: into this prepared. Uh. It's true though this this stargate 789 00:45:19,400 --> 00:45:23,400 Speaker 1: theory sounds wild. The Gulf of Aiden isn't really that close. 790 00:45:24,440 --> 00:45:28,360 Speaker 1: But there is that report from Wiki leaks, and even 791 00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:33,000 Speaker 1: though the Strafford people themselves seem pretty I don't know, 792 00:45:33,080 --> 00:45:37,719 Speaker 1: dismissive of it. Maybe they they're they're probably dismissive because 793 00:45:37,719 --> 00:45:41,120 Speaker 1: they couldn't find any other source to confirm it, right, 794 00:45:41,680 --> 00:45:44,799 Speaker 1: or they couldn't find any source that existed independently. It 795 00:45:44,840 --> 00:45:50,040 Speaker 1: all ultimately goes back to this Russian report, and still 796 00:45:50,200 --> 00:45:53,760 Speaker 1: it doesn't explain this earthquake, this series of earthquakes, this thing, 797 00:45:54,040 --> 00:45:58,080 Speaker 1: this low key rumble that is not supposed to happen 798 00:45:58,120 --> 00:45:58,719 Speaker 1: this way. 799 00:45:58,680 --> 00:46:01,280 Speaker 3: With the weird metronomic hmm clicks. 800 00:46:01,640 --> 00:46:05,120 Speaker 1: It's kind of like the bloop remember that. Yeah, the 801 00:46:05,360 --> 00:46:11,279 Speaker 1: unexplained noise that I think ultimately people no one conclusively 802 00:46:11,360 --> 00:46:16,040 Speaker 1: solved it, but people did seem to think overwhelmingly there 803 00:46:16,080 --> 00:46:18,840 Speaker 1: was the sound of ice moving in a glacier. 804 00:46:19,040 --> 00:46:21,920 Speaker 3: Right, Yeah, but I don't believe that for a second. 805 00:46:23,000 --> 00:46:25,160 Speaker 1: You think it was you think it was an eldritch 806 00:46:25,560 --> 00:46:31,600 Speaker 1: it was something that goes. So at this point in time, 807 00:46:31,640 --> 00:46:34,280 Speaker 1: it looks like the most plausible explanation for the strange 808 00:46:34,760 --> 00:46:38,279 Speaker 1: global shiver, let's call it, is the underwater drainage of 809 00:46:38,320 --> 00:46:42,359 Speaker 1: a massive amount of magma. And reading the descriptions of this, 810 00:46:43,440 --> 00:46:44,920 Speaker 1: I don't know about you guys, but it made me 811 00:46:45,000 --> 00:46:48,480 Speaker 1: think of when people talk about popping or draining a 812 00:46:48,640 --> 00:46:51,719 Speaker 1: ZiT or something. You know what I mean? Is this 813 00:46:54,520 --> 00:46:57,759 Speaker 1: an earth ZiT like under the skin? What's it called 814 00:46:57,760 --> 00:46:59,560 Speaker 1: if it's under the skin and it hasn't popped yet? 815 00:47:00,120 --> 00:47:04,040 Speaker 2: Dermal something? Okay, I don't know, there's a name for Yeah, 816 00:47:04,239 --> 00:47:06,120 Speaker 2: that's it. 817 00:47:04,719 --> 00:47:11,200 Speaker 1: No, No, not a doctor, But that's so. So it 818 00:47:11,239 --> 00:47:15,000 Speaker 1: looks like this may have a mundane explanation, but that's 819 00:47:15,040 --> 00:47:18,160 Speaker 1: not a guaranteed cause. And at this point, as we 820 00:47:18,239 --> 00:47:21,600 Speaker 1: record this episode, we still don't understand how this happened 821 00:47:21,960 --> 00:47:25,720 Speaker 1: the way it did. And that's very, very important because 822 00:47:25,760 --> 00:47:28,319 Speaker 1: you know what happens when there's a lack of transparency 823 00:47:28,320 --> 00:47:29,320 Speaker 1: and a lack of clarity. 824 00:47:30,280 --> 00:47:33,719 Speaker 3: Colin Ritman comes along and he's like, he needs more time, 825 00:47:34,160 --> 00:47:36,759 Speaker 3: he needs more time to finish that video game. Holy 826 00:47:36,840 --> 00:47:37,439 Speaker 3: crappy guys. 827 00:47:37,440 --> 00:47:39,719 Speaker 2: You know, a z it under the skin is called 828 00:47:39,800 --> 00:47:42,200 Speaker 2: what's called an underground temple. 829 00:47:44,280 --> 00:47:49,879 Speaker 1: An underground Well, we've solved that mystery conclusively, and think, 830 00:47:49,960 --> 00:47:54,160 Speaker 1: you know, in the case of the global seismic event, 831 00:47:54,280 --> 00:47:56,440 Speaker 1: Until it can be proven that there is a definitive 832 00:47:56,480 --> 00:48:00,799 Speaker 1: answer to this mystery, questions are going to remain, and 833 00:48:00,960 --> 00:48:04,799 Speaker 1: fringe researchers will continue asking whether this is just an 834 00:48:04,800 --> 00:48:09,520 Speaker 1: oddly well organized earthquake that has a great sense of rhythm, 835 00:48:09,800 --> 00:48:13,319 Speaker 1: or if it's evidence of something else, something they don't 836 00:48:13,360 --> 00:48:17,000 Speaker 1: want you to know. But then I don't know, man, 837 00:48:17,040 --> 00:48:18,840 Speaker 1: what do you think? I want it to be? A 838 00:48:18,840 --> 00:48:20,919 Speaker 1: sorry gape, But I'm pretty sure it's magma. I'm pretty 839 00:48:20,920 --> 00:48:22,120 Speaker 1: sure it's an undergrounds it. 840 00:48:22,840 --> 00:48:25,279 Speaker 3: Yeah, it's it's for me. Is that one piece of 841 00:48:25,280 --> 00:48:31,000 Speaker 3: the puzzle that the rhythmic nature of the one the 842 00:48:31,000 --> 00:48:34,000 Speaker 3: the one set of frequencies are just making that weird 843 00:48:34,120 --> 00:48:42,279 Speaker 3: little monochromatic? I think mono mono chromatic? Wait, monoch chronomic? Well, 844 00:48:42,280 --> 00:48:43,439 Speaker 3: what does that? How does that work? 845 00:48:43,680 --> 00:48:44,560 Speaker 2: Is it in terms of sound? 846 00:48:44,760 --> 00:48:44,840 Speaker 3: Ye? 847 00:48:45,080 --> 00:48:50,160 Speaker 2: Monophonic? No, I mean, monophon just means one voice at 848 00:48:50,160 --> 00:48:52,160 Speaker 2: a time. It doesn't, there's not that only happens as 849 00:48:52,400 --> 00:48:56,160 Speaker 2: a single instance, not stacked like chords or whatever. 850 00:48:56,200 --> 00:48:56,400 Speaker 1: You know. 851 00:48:56,520 --> 00:49:00,399 Speaker 2: Monophone just means a single tone that only mon simp 852 00:49:01,480 --> 00:49:04,960 Speaker 2: on its own. It's never like joined by other sounds. 853 00:49:05,560 --> 00:49:07,960 Speaker 1: But it's weird, right, This thing is weird. Yeah, it's 854 00:49:08,000 --> 00:49:11,239 Speaker 1: not doesn't sound the way an earthquake is supposed to sound, 855 00:49:11,239 --> 00:49:12,680 Speaker 1: and it doesn't move like one either. 856 00:49:12,800 --> 00:49:14,640 Speaker 3: It's not cool, not cool at all. 857 00:49:14,960 --> 00:49:16,200 Speaker 2: I think it's super cool, man. 858 00:49:16,719 --> 00:49:19,239 Speaker 3: I think it's probably just packs. You know, pa X 859 00:49:19,480 --> 00:49:23,040 Speaker 3: hanging out down there, k Pax now just packs. It's 860 00:49:23,080 --> 00:49:25,000 Speaker 3: a demon, pac Man, it's a demon that you're. 861 00:49:24,840 --> 00:49:26,440 Speaker 2: Supposed to worship. Packman's a demon. 862 00:49:27,400 --> 00:49:29,600 Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, programming control man. 863 00:49:29,719 --> 00:49:31,120 Speaker 2: Have you seen that? You have you guys seen that? 864 00:49:32,760 --> 00:49:33,000 Speaker 3: Yeah? 865 00:49:33,640 --> 00:49:36,040 Speaker 2: Man, conspiracy realist. Let us know what you thought of that. 866 00:49:36,560 --> 00:49:40,040 Speaker 3: He escapes one he escapes out in the maze one way, 867 00:49:40,040 --> 00:49:41,560 Speaker 3: only to come in on the other side. 868 00:49:42,560 --> 00:49:44,279 Speaker 2: That's a good one. That's a good voice of that kid. 869 00:49:44,320 --> 00:49:46,040 Speaker 2: And I forget his name, but he's excellent movie. 870 00:49:47,000 --> 00:49:52,040 Speaker 1: He's also in Yes, uh, you can let us know 871 00:49:52,560 --> 00:49:58,319 Speaker 1: your opinion of Bander snatch the possible secrets of unexplained 872 00:49:58,400 --> 00:50:02,280 Speaker 1: earthquakes and more by finding us on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. 873 00:50:03,239 --> 00:50:06,360 Speaker 3: That's it. Yeah, we're we're conspiracy stuff and or conspiracy 874 00:50:06,400 --> 00:50:09,239 Speaker 3: stuff show. You'll figure it out. If you don't want 875 00:50:09,239 --> 00:50:11,880 Speaker 3: to do that, come join us on Facebook and hang out. 876 00:50:11,960 --> 00:50:15,359 Speaker 3: And here's where it gets crazy. That's our page where 877 00:50:15,400 --> 00:50:18,719 Speaker 3: we all get together and discuss things like this. I'm 878 00:50:18,760 --> 00:50:21,880 Speaker 3: looking forward to hearing what you believe or don't believe. 879 00:50:21,960 --> 00:50:23,560 Speaker 1: A Matt don't we have a phone number. 880 00:50:23,800 --> 00:50:26,000 Speaker 3: We have a phone number. It is one eight three 881 00:50:26,160 --> 00:50:31,640 Speaker 3: three st d WYTK. Call us, leave a message you 882 00:50:31,719 --> 00:50:33,000 Speaker 3: might get on the air. 883 00:50:33,040 --> 00:50:35,480 Speaker 2: And hey, do us as solid Give us a nice 884 00:50:35,520 --> 00:50:39,160 Speaker 2: review on iTunes only if it's a nice review, yeah, 885 00:50:39,239 --> 00:50:43,279 Speaker 2: otherwise stay away. As Thumper's mom said in Bambi, if 886 00:50:43,280 --> 00:50:45,319 Speaker 2: you don't have anything nice to say, don't say nothing. 887 00:50:45,320 --> 00:50:47,160 Speaker 2: And on that imply that applies to internet reviews. 888 00:50:48,080 --> 00:50:49,960 Speaker 3: Yeah least yeah. 889 00:50:50,000 --> 00:50:52,920 Speaker 1: And also if you would like to follow us personally, 890 00:50:52,960 --> 00:50:56,160 Speaker 1: we each have our own instagrams. I am I think 891 00:50:56,160 --> 00:50:59,799 Speaker 1: I'm at Ben Bullen in a burst of creativity, nice and. 892 00:51:00,120 --> 00:51:03,960 Speaker 2: Carry over from my sad boy kind of goth band days. 893 00:51:04,080 --> 00:51:08,160 Speaker 2: My Instagram handle is at embryonic insider nice. 894 00:51:08,680 --> 00:51:14,279 Speaker 3: And I don't have one, so enjoy you do, so 895 00:51:14,320 --> 00:51:20,279 Speaker 3: follow my stories at Kim Kardashian. It's you guy the 896 00:51:20,280 --> 00:51:22,960 Speaker 3: whole time. I don't know, I don''t I don't really do, 897 00:51:23,120 --> 00:51:26,359 Speaker 3: I don't do one that's outward facing. Okay, and that's 898 00:51:26,400 --> 00:51:29,520 Speaker 3: the end of this classic episode. If you have any 899 00:51:29,600 --> 00:51:33,520 Speaker 3: thoughts or questions about this episode, you can get into 900 00:51:33,560 --> 00:51:36,080 Speaker 3: contact with us in a number of different ways. One 901 00:51:36,120 --> 00:51:37,680 Speaker 3: of the best is to give us a call. Our 902 00:51:37,760 --> 00:51:42,600 Speaker 3: number is one eight three three STDWYTK. If you don't 903 00:51:42,600 --> 00:51:44,440 Speaker 3: want to do that, you can send us a good 904 00:51:44,440 --> 00:51:45,440 Speaker 3: old fashioned email. 905 00:51:45,719 --> 00:51:49,839 Speaker 5: We are conspiracy at iHeartRadio dot com. 906 00:51:50,000 --> 00:51:52,080 Speaker 3: Stuff they Don't Want you to Know is a production 907 00:51:52,200 --> 00:51:56,719 Speaker 3: of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, 908 00:51:56,800 --> 00:51:59,680 Speaker 3: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.