1 00:00:04,760 --> 00:00:08,080 Speaker 1: On this episode of News World. I'm really pleased to 2 00:00:08,160 --> 00:00:12,760 Speaker 1: welcome my guests, Brian Blaze. He's the president of Paragon 3 00:00:12,880 --> 00:00:17,919 Speaker 1: Health Institute and former Special Assistant to the President for 4 00:00:18,040 --> 00:00:23,000 Speaker 1: Economic Policy at the White Houses National Economic Council from 5 00:00:23,000 --> 00:00:28,400 Speaker 1: twenty seventeen to twenty nineteen, where he coordinated the development 6 00:00:28,440 --> 00:00:32,839 Speaker 1: and execution of numerous health policies and advised the President, 7 00:00:33,360 --> 00:00:38,519 Speaker 1: NEC Director and senior officials. He recently testified before the 8 00:00:38,560 --> 00:00:42,239 Speaker 1: Senate Finance Committee on the rising cost of healthcare for 9 00:00:42,360 --> 00:00:45,400 Speaker 1: all Americans. And I'm really pleased to talk with him 10 00:00:45,400 --> 00:00:48,960 Speaker 1: today because I think solving the issue of the rising 11 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:51,800 Speaker 1: cost of health care is one of the fundamental issues 12 00:00:51,840 --> 00:00:54,840 Speaker 1: at our time. And let me say, when you talk affordability, 13 00:00:55,240 --> 00:00:59,240 Speaker 1: affordability of health care is a dramatically bigger issue for 14 00:00:59,360 --> 00:01:04,280 Speaker 1: the American and the affordability of bacon or gasoline or 15 00:01:04,360 --> 00:01:07,520 Speaker 1: things that we normally put in that zone. But healthcare 16 00:01:07,560 --> 00:01:11,840 Speaker 1: today is extraordinarily expensive and a huge burden on the 17 00:01:11,880 --> 00:01:27,399 Speaker 1: American people. Brian, welcome, and thank you for joining me 18 00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:28,040 Speaker 1: on this world. 19 00:01:28,760 --> 00:01:30,759 Speaker 2: Mister speaker, it is a privilege to be with you. 20 00:01:30,880 --> 00:01:31,759 Speaker 2: Thank you for having me on. 21 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:36,039 Speaker 1: You know, before we get into health was just I 22 00:01:36,040 --> 00:01:39,120 Speaker 1: think going to be given them pretty eminent domestic issue 23 00:01:39,120 --> 00:01:41,080 Speaker 1: of the next few years. Tell me for a couple 24 00:01:41,080 --> 00:01:44,160 Speaker 1: of monents about this what you have developed at the 25 00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:48,280 Speaker 1: Paragon Health Institute suddenly emerged, and frankly, I have found 26 00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:51,360 Speaker 1: the work of the Paragon Health Institute to be among 27 00:01:51,520 --> 00:01:55,560 Speaker 1: the most insightful and most interesting work being done in 28 00:01:55,680 --> 00:01:59,400 Speaker 1: Washington today. How do the Paragon develop and what is 29 00:01:59,440 --> 00:02:01,920 Speaker 1: your role in that development? Well? 30 00:02:01,960 --> 00:02:05,240 Speaker 2: Thanks, I appreciate you saying that conservatives and those of 31 00:02:05,320 --> 00:02:09,400 Speaker 2: us who support the free markets haven't always been outfront 32 00:02:09,440 --> 00:02:12,760 Speaker 2: and leading on healthcare reform, and there was a real 33 00:02:12,880 --> 00:02:16,840 Speaker 2: void in the free market community for an organization that 34 00:02:16,880 --> 00:02:21,240 Speaker 2: would analyze how government healthcare programs were actually working, not 35 00:02:21,400 --> 00:02:24,960 Speaker 2: just the intentions behind the programs, and then to develop 36 00:02:25,000 --> 00:02:28,240 Speaker 2: a set of policy solutions that are consistent with our 37 00:02:28,280 --> 00:02:33,840 Speaker 2: principles of expanding choice, injecting market competition, and really making 38 00:02:33,880 --> 00:02:37,239 Speaker 2: sure that we have a regulatory climate that's conducive to innovation. 39 00:02:37,880 --> 00:02:41,040 Speaker 2: So I launched the organization just about four years ago, 40 00:02:41,480 --> 00:02:44,920 Speaker 2: and I've been really fortunate to work with some of 41 00:02:44,960 --> 00:02:50,000 Speaker 2: the best free market health policy minds in the country. 42 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:52,680 Speaker 2: Filled out a team that was based on a lot 43 00:02:52,720 --> 00:02:55,440 Speaker 2: of the relationships that I had developed when I served 44 00:02:55,600 --> 00:03:00,320 Speaker 2: under President Trump in his first term, and we set 45 00:03:00,360 --> 00:03:04,280 Speaker 2: about thinking through what could be an agenda if President 46 00:03:04,360 --> 00:03:07,239 Speaker 2: Trump returned to office and if there would be a 47 00:03:07,360 --> 00:03:11,160 Speaker 2: congressional majorities in twenty twenty five. So we focused on 48 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:15,040 Speaker 2: some big ideas, like how you could reform Medicare, how 49 00:03:15,080 --> 00:03:20,160 Speaker 2: you could reform Medicaid, how you could reform Obamacare, and 50 00:03:20,240 --> 00:03:23,480 Speaker 2: we also thought through what an administration could do on 51 00:03:23,560 --> 00:03:27,400 Speaker 2: its own. And after the twenty twenty four elections, we 52 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:32,519 Speaker 2: really had an opportunity to reform government health programs and 53 00:03:32,880 --> 00:03:37,560 Speaker 2: the Medicaid provisions in the One Big Beautiful Bill. They're 54 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:40,480 Speaker 2: really the most significant in tunement reform since you were Speaker. 55 00:03:40,640 --> 00:03:44,080 Speaker 2: I mean, when you were Speaker, there were significant Medicare reforms, 56 00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:47,880 Speaker 2: but the Medicaid reforms that passed in the Reconciliation Bill, 57 00:03:48,400 --> 00:03:52,920 Speaker 2: implementing work and community engagement requirements for able bodied, working 58 00:03:52,960 --> 00:03:57,360 Speaker 2: age adults and really reforming some of the underlying broken 59 00:03:57,560 --> 00:04:01,520 Speaker 2: parts of the Medicaid program were really instrumental. And we've 60 00:04:01,520 --> 00:04:05,360 Speaker 2: been focused the last four or five months on issues 61 00:04:05,400 --> 00:04:09,880 Speaker 2: with Obamacare, problems with Obamacare and fighting to make it 62 00:04:09,960 --> 00:04:12,640 Speaker 2: clear to Congress sort of the role that Obamacare had 63 00:04:12,640 --> 00:04:16,800 Speaker 2: and making healthcare unaffordable, and what is a better policy 64 00:04:16,839 --> 00:04:20,520 Speaker 2: direction rather than just increasing more subsidies to health insurance companies. 65 00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:25,760 Speaker 1: The whole process of the way in which bureaucracies and 66 00:04:25,839 --> 00:04:31,400 Speaker 1: the lobbyists and the big corporations twist policies that on 67 00:04:31,440 --> 00:04:34,440 Speaker 1: the surface sound perfectly good, but by the time they 68 00:04:34,839 --> 00:04:40,480 Speaker 1: get implemented, they're so distorted to fit the interests of 69 00:04:40,520 --> 00:04:45,200 Speaker 1: the big powerful players that they really undermine the whole process. 70 00:04:45,279 --> 00:04:48,640 Speaker 1: And I think we just saw a really weird example 71 00:04:48,680 --> 00:04:54,080 Speaker 1: of this and what happened in Minneapolis, where people came 72 00:04:54,120 --> 00:04:59,120 Speaker 1: together to steal about a billion dollars, not a million, 73 00:04:59,320 --> 00:05:03,360 Speaker 1: a billion dollars in the city of Minneapolis alone, and 74 00:05:03,520 --> 00:05:09,520 Speaker 1: most of that involves stealing from health programs and programs 75 00:05:09,520 --> 00:05:12,320 Speaker 1: to help the poor, and these people were just looting 76 00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:16,040 Speaker 1: the government, and the bureaucrats were so slow and so 77 00:05:16,200 --> 00:05:20,679 Speaker 1: timid that they sat there passively while people stole about 78 00:05:20,680 --> 00:05:23,960 Speaker 1: a billion dollars. And my understanding is that there are 79 00:05:23,960 --> 00:05:26,800 Speaker 1: a number of areas now, including the recent case in 80 00:05:26,839 --> 00:05:30,600 Speaker 1: New Jersey where one of the New Jersey Blues I 81 00:05:30,600 --> 00:05:33,080 Speaker 1: think were required to pay back something like one hundred 82 00:05:33,120 --> 00:05:36,839 Speaker 1: and twenty million dollars that they had fraudulently taken. I'm 83 00:05:37,000 --> 00:05:39,800 Speaker 1: an org on a theory that one of the core 84 00:05:39,880 --> 00:05:44,760 Speaker 1: characteristics of big government socialism is it inevitably involves fraud 85 00:05:44,960 --> 00:05:49,279 Speaker 1: and corruption because the bureaucracies simply can't keep up with 86 00:05:49,839 --> 00:05:53,960 Speaker 1: the drive and the entrepreneurship of the crooks. The crooks 87 00:05:53,960 --> 00:05:56,839 Speaker 1: have a lot bigger incentive to steal than the bureaucrat 88 00:05:56,880 --> 00:06:00,120 Speaker 1: has to protect. Well, what's your general sense about the 89 00:06:00,160 --> 00:06:04,839 Speaker 1: depth of fraud and the depth of dishonesty buried in 90 00:06:04,880 --> 00:06:05,640 Speaker 1: these programs. 91 00:06:06,880 --> 00:06:10,640 Speaker 2: It's massive, and it is because of the underlying incentives. 92 00:06:10,760 --> 00:06:13,479 Speaker 2: I mean the Medicaid program. At the core of the 93 00:06:13,520 --> 00:06:17,400 Speaker 2: Medicaid program, the federal government provides an open ended reimbursement 94 00:06:17,400 --> 00:06:21,240 Speaker 2: of state expenditures. So when states spend more, they get 95 00:06:21,279 --> 00:06:24,080 Speaker 2: more money from the federal government. And so the people 96 00:06:24,080 --> 00:06:27,719 Speaker 2: that were bankrolling the corruption and fraud in Minnesota, Yeah, 97 00:06:27,720 --> 00:06:30,720 Speaker 2: the Minnesota taxpayers bore some of that, but the majority 98 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:34,120 Speaker 2: of the cost was born out by the federal taxpayer. 99 00:06:34,120 --> 00:06:36,839 Speaker 2: It was people outside of the state of Minnesota. And 100 00:06:36,880 --> 00:06:40,160 Speaker 2: when you have that set of incentives, when the interest 101 00:06:40,240 --> 00:06:44,320 Speaker 2: groups pressure the state and say, look, you'd expand this program. 102 00:06:44,400 --> 00:06:47,000 Speaker 2: Don't view it as a welfare program. View it as 103 00:06:47,040 --> 00:06:50,120 Speaker 2: an economic stimulus for the state. You're going to increase 104 00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:53,680 Speaker 2: the size of it, and we'll have money pouring in 105 00:06:54,040 --> 00:06:57,440 Speaker 2: from outside the country. One of the problems that we found, 106 00:06:57,920 --> 00:07:00,880 Speaker 2: and really the Biden administration, a lot of the grew 107 00:07:00,920 --> 00:07:04,479 Speaker 2: out of COVID. It grew out of Biden administration orientation 108 00:07:04,760 --> 00:07:10,360 Speaker 2: to just maximize enrollment in these programs and abandon program integrity. 109 00:07:10,840 --> 00:07:13,880 Speaker 2: But you see one of the most profound papers that 110 00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:18,360 Speaker 2: Paragon wrote, it's called the Great Obamacare Enrollment Fraud. President 111 00:07:18,360 --> 00:07:23,080 Speaker 2: Biden signed legislation that made coverage fully subsidized for people 112 00:07:23,440 --> 00:07:27,680 Speaker 2: purchasing Obamacare in a narrow income band. What we saw 113 00:07:27,960 --> 00:07:32,560 Speaker 2: is massive fraud schemes that benefited agents, brokers, and insurers 114 00:07:33,000 --> 00:07:37,400 Speaker 2: by manipulating applicant information on the application to have it 115 00:07:37,400 --> 00:07:40,360 Speaker 2: appear that they had that income even though they didn't. 116 00:07:40,760 --> 00:07:43,840 Speaker 2: Because that led to so much more money flowing to 117 00:07:43,960 --> 00:07:48,200 Speaker 2: the health insurance companies and then back to these conglomerate 118 00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:52,800 Speaker 2: broker and agent. We estimate that about actually more than 119 00:07:52,800 --> 00:07:58,360 Speaker 2: twenty five percent of all Obamacare enrollment in twenty twenty 120 00:07:58,400 --> 00:08:01,880 Speaker 2: five is improper, and many of these enrollees don't have 121 00:08:01,920 --> 00:08:05,240 Speaker 2: any idea that they're enrolled in the program. These schemes 122 00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:07,920 Speaker 2: got their information in order to sign them up for 123 00:08:08,280 --> 00:08:11,200 Speaker 2: an insurance card, and they're not aware of their enrollment. 124 00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:14,440 Speaker 2: They don't use the health insurance at all. And it's 125 00:08:14,520 --> 00:08:19,320 Speaker 2: just produced a windfall for big insurance, big broker, big 126 00:08:19,360 --> 00:08:23,360 Speaker 2: agent conglomerates, and those are the ones that lobby for 127 00:08:23,440 --> 00:08:26,760 Speaker 2: the status quo policy to continue. They've spent hundreds of 128 00:08:26,800 --> 00:08:30,000 Speaker 2: millions of dollars to continue to prop up a system 129 00:08:30,440 --> 00:08:33,280 Speaker 2: that is defrauding hard working American families. 130 00:08:33,920 --> 00:08:37,880 Speaker 1: It seems to me that people with the best of 131 00:08:37,960 --> 00:08:41,080 Speaker 1: intention set up what looks like it'll be a very 132 00:08:41,080 --> 00:08:44,920 Speaker 1: good program, and then somehow, in the process of writing 133 00:08:45,760 --> 00:08:51,160 Speaker 1: either the law or the regulations, it gets perverted into 134 00:08:51,200 --> 00:08:56,000 Speaker 1: the money going directly to an insurance company. And as 135 00:08:56,040 --> 00:08:58,160 Speaker 1: you point out, maybe as many as one on every 136 00:08:58,160 --> 00:09:02,040 Speaker 1: four people who are supposed getting covered by the COVID 137 00:09:02,080 --> 00:09:05,920 Speaker 1: benefit subsidy don't even realize that they have an insurance plan, 138 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:09,880 Speaker 1: never used it. Mostly they're healthy, young people, and the 139 00:09:09,920 --> 00:09:13,760 Speaker 1: insurance company pocketed the money. It's a little surprising that 140 00:09:13,800 --> 00:09:16,959 Speaker 1: the insurance companies didn't kind of report this to the government. 141 00:09:18,640 --> 00:09:21,319 Speaker 2: So we quantified improper enrollment, and then we coined a 142 00:09:21,440 --> 00:09:24,839 Speaker 2: term phantom enrollment. So we're like, Okay, all these mrollees, 143 00:09:24,920 --> 00:09:27,920 Speaker 2: they're not aware that they're enrolled in coverage. We would 144 00:09:27,960 --> 00:09:29,800 Speaker 2: then expect that a lot of them wouldn't use any 145 00:09:29,800 --> 00:09:34,160 Speaker 2: healthcare services. The Biden administration refused to provide the information 146 00:09:34,640 --> 00:09:37,640 Speaker 2: on what we now call zero claim and rollees, people 147 00:09:37,679 --> 00:09:40,200 Speaker 2: covered but didn't use the plan, so no doctor visit, 148 00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:43,560 Speaker 2: no prescription, no lab test. Turns out that the growth 149 00:09:43,559 --> 00:09:47,880 Speaker 2: of zero claim and rollees went from four million in 150 00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:52,680 Speaker 2: twenty twenty one to almost twelve million people in twenty 151 00:09:52,720 --> 00:09:58,080 Speaker 2: twenty four, So forty percent of enrollees in twenty twenty 152 00:09:58,120 --> 00:10:02,480 Speaker 2: four in Obamacare they didn't use their health plan a 153 00:10:02,600 --> 00:10:06,839 Speaker 2: single time. Now, insurance companies knew this, They knew that 154 00:10:06,880 --> 00:10:11,239 Speaker 2: they were getting large number enrollees not using their coverage, 155 00:10:11,400 --> 00:10:13,760 Speaker 2: but they pointed the blame at the government. They said, well, 156 00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:17,600 Speaker 2: the government is the one responsible for these eligibility determinations. 157 00:10:17,880 --> 00:10:21,640 Speaker 2: We just accept all of the enrollees that the government's 158 00:10:21,760 --> 00:10:23,800 Speaker 2: enrollment system has sent our way. 159 00:10:24,160 --> 00:10:27,240 Speaker 1: The insurance coming to defenses, the government made me take 160 00:10:27,280 --> 00:10:27,760 Speaker 1: the money. 161 00:10:28,080 --> 00:10:31,800 Speaker 2: The government was responsible for the eligibility system you mentioned. 162 00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:33,959 Speaker 2: I testified in front of the Senate Finance Committee. I 163 00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:37,239 Speaker 2: also testified last week in front of the House Judiciary Committee, 164 00:10:37,520 --> 00:10:39,920 Speaker 2: the House issuy Committee. The witness next to me was 165 00:10:40,200 --> 00:10:45,160 Speaker 2: official from the Government Accountability Office. Starting in late twenty 166 00:10:45,200 --> 00:10:49,120 Speaker 2: twenty four into early twenty twenty five, they created twenty 167 00:10:49,120 --> 00:10:54,000 Speaker 2: four fictitious applications, so they submitted them to the Obamacare exchanges. 168 00:10:54,040 --> 00:10:56,400 Speaker 2: So they were missing information that you would need to 169 00:10:56,440 --> 00:10:59,439 Speaker 2: do a proper eligibility determination. And do you know how 170 00:10:59,480 --> 00:11:02,640 Speaker 2: many of its twenty four that got approved for coverage 171 00:11:02,679 --> 00:11:06,240 Speaker 2: by the exchange twenty three. So you would think in 172 00:11:06,240 --> 00:11:09,520 Speaker 2: a normal government program there's going to be some error rates. 173 00:11:09,559 --> 00:11:12,880 Speaker 2: You might expect a handful to get through, But ninety 174 00:11:12,920 --> 00:11:17,480 Speaker 2: six percent of the fake applications that GEO created were 175 00:11:17,520 --> 00:11:20,240 Speaker 2: able to get enrolled in an exchange plan with a 176 00:11:20,280 --> 00:11:23,720 Speaker 2: subsidy that paid the entire cost. Now, the insurers, to 177 00:11:23,760 --> 00:11:26,400 Speaker 2: your point, they know what they're getting a lot of 178 00:11:26,520 --> 00:11:30,439 Speaker 2: enrollees from certain brokers and agents. It's impossible to do 179 00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:33,520 Speaker 2: that many in a given period of time. I think 180 00:11:33,600 --> 00:11:37,240 Speaker 2: they should be held financially culpable. It is so corrupt, 181 00:11:37,240 --> 00:11:41,360 Speaker 2: mister speaker, because the subsidy goes directly from the US 182 00:11:41,480 --> 00:11:45,320 Speaker 2: Treasury to the health insurance company, and because of the 183 00:11:45,320 --> 00:11:49,640 Speaker 2: Biden policy, the enrollee is paying nothing, so they're not 184 00:11:49,760 --> 00:11:52,320 Speaker 2: aware that they're even enrolled in the coverage. So the 185 00:11:52,360 --> 00:11:56,400 Speaker 2: insurance companies have gotten rich off this system without providing 186 00:11:56,480 --> 00:11:59,960 Speaker 2: any healthcare services on behalf of millions of these enrollees. 187 00:12:00,480 --> 00:12:03,840 Speaker 1: Well, it's sort of like a giant windfall profit disguised 188 00:12:03,840 --> 00:12:04,840 Speaker 1: as an insurance plan. 189 00:12:05,600 --> 00:12:09,640 Speaker 2: And the insurance companies. We support private health insurance. People 190 00:12:09,679 --> 00:12:13,240 Speaker 2: should have private health insurance, but we want private companies 191 00:12:13,280 --> 00:12:17,000 Speaker 2: to be competing for patients' own dollars so that they're 192 00:12:17,040 --> 00:12:22,640 Speaker 2: serving the patient. In Obamacare, in twenty twenty five, eighty 193 00:12:22,720 --> 00:12:26,840 Speaker 2: five percent of all of the premium revenue is coming 194 00:12:26,880 --> 00:12:32,800 Speaker 2: from taxpayers. So for insurance companies, the federal treasury is 195 00:12:32,840 --> 00:12:59,040 Speaker 2: their main client. It's not individual consumers and patients. 196 00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:57,840 Speaker 1: In that context, because the system is so out of way. 197 00:12:58,160 --> 00:13:00,280 Speaker 1: A friend of mine said, we actually need a new 198 00:13:00,280 --> 00:13:06,280 Speaker 1: bill entitled the Breathing Insurance Recipient Bill that if you're 199 00:13:06,320 --> 00:13:09,600 Speaker 1: not breathing, and we can't prove you real, then the 200 00:13:09,640 --> 00:13:10,600 Speaker 1: money doesn't go out. 201 00:13:11,880 --> 00:13:15,199 Speaker 2: Yeah, I would endorse that bill. CMS has put out 202 00:13:15,240 --> 00:13:19,480 Speaker 2: information like there's people that are enrolled in multiple state 203 00:13:19,559 --> 00:13:24,480 Speaker 2: Medicaid programs simultaneously. There are individuals that are covered by 204 00:13:24,520 --> 00:13:29,560 Speaker 2: both Medicaid and buying Obamacare Exchange planned. So CMS released 205 00:13:29,640 --> 00:13:32,760 Speaker 2: data earlier this year that showed two point eight million 206 00:13:32,800 --> 00:13:36,839 Speaker 2: people are enrolled in multiple government programs when they should 207 00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:37,880 Speaker 2: only be enrolled in one. 208 00:13:38,240 --> 00:13:40,880 Speaker 1: That makes you want to because they're not directly getting money, 209 00:13:41,520 --> 00:13:44,840 Speaker 1: then maybe getting enrolled several times, so I guess they 210 00:13:44,840 --> 00:13:48,600 Speaker 1: have several insurance cards. The interesting to see what the 211 00:13:48,600 --> 00:13:53,440 Speaker 1: correlation is between fraud and Medicaid and Medicare and people 212 00:13:53,480 --> 00:13:57,320 Speaker 1: who are multiply enrolled, and if that then becomes sort 213 00:13:57,320 --> 00:14:01,080 Speaker 1: of an identity theft opportunity. Let me ask you, because 214 00:14:01,160 --> 00:14:05,240 Speaker 1: the system is currently so badly designed, the average family 215 00:14:05,280 --> 00:14:09,120 Speaker 1: of four will pay twenty six thousand dollars a year 216 00:14:09,640 --> 00:14:13,000 Speaker 1: in healthcare costs in twenty twenty six. The system is 217 00:14:13,040 --> 00:14:16,760 Speaker 1: so badly designed that we're asking families to buy the 218 00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:20,920 Speaker 1: equivalent of a small car every year. You've done a 219 00:14:20,960 --> 00:14:23,800 Speaker 1: lot of research on this. I'm curious, what do you 220 00:14:23,920 --> 00:14:28,280 Speaker 1: think are the two or three biggest places that we 221 00:14:28,320 --> 00:14:31,120 Speaker 1: should be examining in order to help reduce costs. 222 00:14:31,560 --> 00:14:34,720 Speaker 2: Yeah, that's a great question. I'd encourage the listeners to 223 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:38,200 Speaker 2: look up AI's chart of the Century. They look at 224 00:14:38,200 --> 00:14:42,080 Speaker 2: the rising prices by economic sector from two thousand to 225 00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:46,000 Speaker 2: the present and they compare that with the rise in 226 00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:49,880 Speaker 2: inflation and the rise in wages. And the number one 227 00:14:50,120 --> 00:14:53,680 Speaker 2: area of the economy that has seen price inflation over 228 00:14:53,680 --> 00:14:57,000 Speaker 2: the last twenty five years as hospitals. Hospital prices have 229 00:14:57,080 --> 00:15:01,760 Speaker 2: risen three times faster than inflation. And there's a lot 230 00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:06,440 Speaker 2: of government policies that push up hospital prices. A good 231 00:15:06,480 --> 00:15:10,080 Speaker 2: example is how the Medicare program works. So the Medicare 232 00:15:10,160 --> 00:15:13,440 Speaker 2: program pays a lot more for a service delivered in 233 00:15:13,440 --> 00:15:17,400 Speaker 2: a hospital than delivered in an independent physician's office. What 234 00:15:17,480 --> 00:15:21,680 Speaker 2: that leads to is incentives for hospitals and physicians for 235 00:15:21,760 --> 00:15:25,640 Speaker 2: the hospital to acquire the physician office, because then they 236 00:15:25,680 --> 00:15:29,320 Speaker 2: can just change the ownership on the office, change nothing 237 00:15:29,360 --> 00:15:32,400 Speaker 2: else about it, and build a much higher rate. So 238 00:15:32,440 --> 00:15:36,240 Speaker 2: it leads to less competition and more consolidation in the market. 239 00:15:36,560 --> 00:15:41,720 Speaker 2: And unfortunately medicare has so much pricing power because commercial 240 00:15:41,760 --> 00:15:45,520 Speaker 2: payers tend to link their prices to how Medicare pays. 241 00:15:45,800 --> 00:15:47,920 Speaker 2: So one of the main areas we need to fix 242 00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:53,200 Speaker 2: is Medicare payment policy that advantages hospitals over independent physician 243 00:15:53,240 --> 00:15:57,080 Speaker 2: offices and leads to consolidation, you know. And then there's 244 00:15:57,120 --> 00:15:59,760 Speaker 2: just a lot of complexity, a lot of this result 245 00:15:59,800 --> 00:16:04,120 Speaker 2: of all Obamacare. There's other existing government regulations that add 246 00:16:04,160 --> 00:16:08,080 Speaker 2: to complexity. But the more complexity, the harder it is 247 00:16:08,120 --> 00:16:11,880 Speaker 2: on the small guys because there's fixed costs in complying 248 00:16:11,960 --> 00:16:15,160 Speaker 2: with all of this regulation and administrative burden. So the 249 00:16:15,280 --> 00:16:18,280 Speaker 2: rise in administrative complexity that has come from just the 250 00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:24,040 Speaker 2: growth of government has advantaged big hospital systems over smaller entities. 251 00:16:24,080 --> 00:16:27,360 Speaker 2: And Obamacare and we talk about Bombacare's problems in the 252 00:16:27,480 --> 00:16:29,680 Speaker 2: exchange market, but one of the things we don't talk 253 00:16:29,680 --> 00:16:32,000 Speaker 2: about so much of a problem with Obamacare is how 254 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:35,280 Speaker 2: it increased consolidation and what that does on the supply 255 00:16:35,400 --> 00:16:37,760 Speaker 2: side of the market. And the last one I would 256 00:16:37,800 --> 00:16:43,680 Speaker 2: mention is consumer control. Consumers control so little of the 257 00:16:43,760 --> 00:16:48,239 Speaker 2: financing in healthcare. Ninety percent of our spending in healthcare 258 00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:51,360 Speaker 2: goes through third party payers, you know. And President Trump, 259 00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:54,320 Speaker 2: I think is spot on where He says, we should 260 00:16:54,680 --> 00:16:59,880 Speaker 2: move federal subsidies away from funding the system, away from 261 00:17:00,200 --> 00:17:03,360 Speaker 2: going directly to health insurance companies, and give the money 262 00:17:03,400 --> 00:17:05,960 Speaker 2: to the patients, so that the health sector has to 263 00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:09,640 Speaker 2: respond to the patient and meet their needs rather than 264 00:17:09,720 --> 00:17:13,359 Speaker 2: whatever the bureaucracy. Thanks his best, which gets. 265 00:17:13,080 --> 00:17:17,639 Speaker 1: Back to my constant calling for transparency, because even if 266 00:17:17,680 --> 00:17:20,239 Speaker 1: you have the money in your pocket, unless you have 267 00:17:20,320 --> 00:17:23,879 Speaker 1: information about price and quality, you have no knowing where you're. 268 00:17:23,760 --> 00:17:28,879 Speaker 2: Buying twenty percent of the economy, and prices are hidden 269 00:17:29,119 --> 00:17:32,159 Speaker 2: from patients, and they're hidden from employers because employers do 270 00:17:32,200 --> 00:17:34,359 Speaker 2: a lot of the shopping in healthcare. You know, the 271 00:17:34,359 --> 00:17:38,520 Speaker 2: Trump administration put out regulations in twenty nineteen and twenty 272 00:17:38,560 --> 00:17:43,399 Speaker 2: twenty to compel prices from hospitals and from insurers, and 273 00:17:43,480 --> 00:17:46,080 Speaker 2: that is a work in progress. The Buiden administration didn't 274 00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:48,840 Speaker 2: prioritize it. It is going to be a priority for 275 00:17:48,920 --> 00:17:51,280 Speaker 2: the president in his second term. So I think it's 276 00:17:51,320 --> 00:17:54,160 Speaker 2: something that we definitely need to build on. Is getting 277 00:17:54,240 --> 00:17:57,680 Speaker 2: Americans the right to know prices before they obtained healthcare. 278 00:17:58,280 --> 00:18:01,760 Speaker 1: Well, if you're going to a sense of how big 279 00:18:01,880 --> 00:18:08,200 Speaker 1: the challenge is. In two thousand, health care costs thirteen 280 00:18:08,359 --> 00:18:13,680 Speaker 1: percent of the American economy. Now, in the last twenty 281 00:18:13,720 --> 00:18:20,080 Speaker 1: five years, our economy has grown dramatically, and health insurance 282 00:18:20,680 --> 00:18:24,959 Speaker 1: has gone up to eighteen percent of the US domestic product, 283 00:18:25,200 --> 00:18:29,199 Speaker 1: So it's actually growing much faster than the economy, and 284 00:18:29,280 --> 00:18:33,320 Speaker 1: in fact, there was a thirty eight percent increase in 285 00:18:33,400 --> 00:18:38,560 Speaker 1: its share of the economy from two thousand to twenty 286 00:18:38,640 --> 00:18:41,040 Speaker 1: twenty four. It seems to me if we don't get 287 00:18:41,560 --> 00:18:45,600 Speaker 1: an ability to get total costs under control, to give 288 00:18:45,640 --> 00:18:50,159 Speaker 1: people real power over their own future, in their own lives, 289 00:18:50,560 --> 00:18:54,480 Speaker 1: this is just going to become totally unmanageable. 290 00:18:54,920 --> 00:18:59,240 Speaker 2: For American families. The health care inflation and the moro 291 00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:04,000 Speaker 2: on health insurance, it's crowding out wage increases. Most Americans 292 00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:07,160 Speaker 2: that don't get coverage through a government program, they get 293 00:19:07,200 --> 00:19:11,080 Speaker 2: coverage from their employer or employer of someone in their family. 294 00:19:11,440 --> 00:19:13,560 Speaker 2: And that is not a free gift from the employer 295 00:19:14,080 --> 00:19:17,280 Speaker 2: that comes out of the compensation that that employee would 296 00:19:17,320 --> 00:19:21,680 Speaker 2: have earned. So we're taking compensation out of wages into 297 00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:25,280 Speaker 2: health insurance benefits. And it's also vital that we get 298 00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:28,199 Speaker 2: a hold of this for the federal budget. I mean, 299 00:19:28,240 --> 00:19:31,160 Speaker 2: there's two areas of the federal budget that are growing 300 00:19:31,200 --> 00:19:34,800 Speaker 2: as a percentage of the economy. Health care entitlement spending 301 00:19:35,240 --> 00:19:38,040 Speaker 2: and interest payments on the debt and interest payments on 302 00:19:38,080 --> 00:19:41,680 Speaker 2: the debt are a function of health care entitlement spending. 303 00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:48,520 Speaker 2: And these programs grew exponentially under the Biden administration. Abomacare 304 00:19:48,680 --> 00:19:52,240 Speaker 2: and Medicaid. We're out of control with the focus on 305 00:19:52,280 --> 00:19:56,080 Speaker 2: the Biden administration of enrollment in any cost and really 306 00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:59,280 Speaker 2: tons of corporate welfare coming into the program. So the 307 00:19:59,320 --> 00:20:02,280 Speaker 2: Trump administry and the One Big Beautiful Bill, like I 308 00:20:02,359 --> 00:20:06,199 Speaker 2: mentioned before, was really important in reforming aspects of the 309 00:20:06,240 --> 00:20:10,160 Speaker 2: Medicaid program. It is crucial over the next several years 310 00:20:10,520 --> 00:20:14,000 Speaker 2: that we restore some sanity to these federal health care programs. 311 00:20:14,600 --> 00:20:19,840 Speaker 1: It seems to me looking back that the Obamacare system, 312 00:20:20,680 --> 00:20:23,720 Speaker 1: the Affordable Care Act, which we all now understand, was 313 00:20:23,760 --> 00:20:27,960 Speaker 1: not affordable. It's actually the Unaffordable Care Act. But what 314 00:20:28,040 --> 00:20:32,560 Speaker 1: it's done is it's actually reduced the amount of competition. 315 00:20:33,760 --> 00:20:37,840 Speaker 1: Testimony that many of the county level exchange markets have 316 00:20:37,960 --> 00:20:42,639 Speaker 1: only two insurers who have seventy percent of enrollment. Ninety 317 00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:48,439 Speaker 1: seven percent of impatient hospitals lack meaningful competition. So you 318 00:20:48,520 --> 00:20:51,840 Speaker 1: now are building hospitals that don't have any competition, and 319 00:20:51,920 --> 00:20:56,040 Speaker 1: they're increasing their prices fifteen to thirty percent instead of 320 00:20:56,080 --> 00:20:59,560 Speaker 1: having competition drive costs down. I mean, you look at 321 00:21:00,160 --> 00:21:04,520 Speaker 1: Walmart or Target or Costco or any of the great 322 00:21:04,560 --> 00:21:09,760 Speaker 1: systems that deal with customers on a competitive basis, and 323 00:21:09,800 --> 00:21:12,680 Speaker 1: the pressure on them to be honest, to be efficient, 324 00:21:13,040 --> 00:21:17,040 Speaker 1: to be effective is just astonishing. And none of that 325 00:21:17,119 --> 00:21:21,600 Speaker 1: seems to apply to how we manage the largest single 326 00:21:22,040 --> 00:21:24,320 Speaker 1: sector of our economy, which is healthcare. 327 00:21:25,160 --> 00:21:28,520 Speaker 2: Normal economics apply to the healthcare sector too, and where 328 00:21:28,520 --> 00:21:32,160 Speaker 2: we've lost competition, and that's one of the clearest things 329 00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:36,719 Speaker 2: from the literature. When markets get consolidated, when you have 330 00:21:36,760 --> 00:21:41,520 Speaker 2: hospital systems merging together, when you have hospital systems taking 331 00:21:41,560 --> 00:21:45,520 Speaker 2: over doctors practices, that leads to upward pressure on prices, 332 00:21:45,800 --> 00:21:49,439 Speaker 2: and it actually also worsens quality because you need to 333 00:21:49,480 --> 00:21:53,919 Speaker 2: have competition for healthcare quality as well. Really, what we 334 00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:56,480 Speaker 2: need to do at a basic level is go through 335 00:21:56,560 --> 00:22:03,240 Speaker 2: all federal programs and any policies that incentivize consolidation and 336 00:22:03,359 --> 00:22:07,160 Speaker 2: reduce competition we need to reverse. There's also a lot 337 00:22:07,160 --> 00:22:10,680 Speaker 2: of state level policies that restrict competition, say one other 338 00:22:10,840 --> 00:22:13,040 Speaker 2: benefit of the One Big Beautiful Bill. It created a 339 00:22:13,119 --> 00:22:18,600 Speaker 2: Rural Health Transformation Fund, and that fund provides extra funding 340 00:22:18,680 --> 00:22:23,160 Speaker 2: for states if they take actions that open up competition 341 00:22:23,440 --> 00:22:24,400 Speaker 2: within their markets. 342 00:22:24,920 --> 00:22:28,200 Speaker 1: When you look at our various anti trust efforts, whether 343 00:22:28,240 --> 00:22:32,560 Speaker 1: it's media or manufacturing or other things, is there anything 344 00:22:32,680 --> 00:22:36,560 Speaker 1: comparable that looks at these huge hospital systems or these 345 00:22:36,640 --> 00:22:40,760 Speaker 1: huge insurance companies and measures whether or not their activities 346 00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:45,720 Speaker 1: will end up being anti competition and inevitably leading towards 347 00:22:45,760 --> 00:22:46,840 Speaker 1: monopolistic behavior. 348 00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:51,000 Speaker 2: It's a good question. So the Federal Trade Commission and 349 00:22:51,119 --> 00:22:54,680 Speaker 2: the Anti Trust Division at the Department of Justice, they 350 00:22:54,840 --> 00:22:58,200 Speaker 2: do I think some high quality work looking at mergers 351 00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:02,359 Speaker 2: and acquisitions. There's been mergers between big insurance companies that 352 00:23:02,440 --> 00:23:07,119 Speaker 2: have been blocked before. The problem is just the quantity 353 00:23:07,600 --> 00:23:11,879 Speaker 2: of the mergers and acquisitions and the capacity of the 354 00:23:11,920 --> 00:23:15,359 Speaker 2: anti trust agencies to really look at them. So it 355 00:23:15,520 --> 00:23:18,440 Speaker 2: is just so limited in the scope of what they 356 00:23:18,520 --> 00:23:21,600 Speaker 2: can look at. So I think it's an important tool 357 00:23:21,720 --> 00:23:25,400 Speaker 2: to have, but it's also limited in just the capacity 358 00:23:26,040 --> 00:23:30,159 Speaker 2: of the federal agencies versus the magnitude of the murders 359 00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:32,080 Speaker 2: and acquisitions that have been proposed. 360 00:23:48,160 --> 00:23:51,800 Speaker 1: You end up with some efforts to really look at 361 00:23:51,840 --> 00:23:58,760 Speaker 1: what's going on, and consistently those efforts produce astonishing numbers 362 00:23:58,880 --> 00:24:02,400 Speaker 1: of either people who are already dead but they're still 363 00:24:02,400 --> 00:24:05,199 Speaker 1: getting money, or people who are getting money from two 364 00:24:05,320 --> 00:24:08,040 Speaker 1: or three different places. I mean, are you surprised that 365 00:24:08,520 --> 00:24:12,199 Speaker 1: the degree to which the bureaucracy has broken down in 366 00:24:12,320 --> 00:24:16,720 Speaker 1: terms of being able to monitor and ensure honest activities. 367 00:24:17,600 --> 00:24:19,960 Speaker 2: It's a really good question because a lot of the 368 00:24:19,960 --> 00:24:23,160 Speaker 2: things you hear from the Democrats are, well, don't throw 369 00:24:23,200 --> 00:24:26,720 Speaker 2: the baby out with the bath water, just have better enforcement. 370 00:24:27,240 --> 00:24:29,680 Speaker 2: And the problem with that line of thinking is when 371 00:24:29,720 --> 00:24:35,240 Speaker 2: you have incentives that make cheating and frauds so profitable, 372 00:24:36,359 --> 00:24:41,640 Speaker 2: it's very hard the government. It's enforcement capabilities are limited. 373 00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:44,080 Speaker 2: They only have so many staff, they only have so 374 00:24:44,160 --> 00:24:46,840 Speaker 2: much that they're going to go after. In terms of enforcement, 375 00:24:47,200 --> 00:24:49,640 Speaker 2: in some places, you're just playing wlack a mole where 376 00:24:49,640 --> 00:24:52,520 Speaker 2: you're cutting down one problem, but you're going to see 377 00:24:52,520 --> 00:24:56,080 Speaker 2: a problem merge somewhere else. Fundamentally, with respect to the 378 00:24:56,119 --> 00:24:59,680 Speaker 2: Minnesota example that you brought up, if Minnesota was spending 379 00:24:59,680 --> 00:25:03,400 Speaker 2: its own money rather than the federal money, they would 380 00:25:03,400 --> 00:25:06,399 Speaker 2: have large incentives to crack down on the fraud and 381 00:25:06,440 --> 00:25:09,680 Speaker 2: abuse within the program, but when it's mostly federal spending, 382 00:25:10,200 --> 00:25:13,520 Speaker 2: they have incentives to just look the other way. Same 383 00:25:13,560 --> 00:25:17,080 Speaker 2: thing with what's happening on Obamacare. There's so much money 384 00:25:17,320 --> 00:25:20,919 Speaker 2: for the health insurers, for the brokers, for enrollees to 385 00:25:21,040 --> 00:25:24,200 Speaker 2: cheat when they all have large incentives to cheat and lie, 386 00:25:24,640 --> 00:25:26,720 Speaker 2: you're going to get that now. DOJ has come in 387 00:25:26,880 --> 00:25:30,440 Speaker 2: and there's been a couple of major suits to get 388 00:25:30,480 --> 00:25:34,359 Speaker 2: after some of these brokers. Two guys in Florida were 389 00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:39,199 Speaker 2: basically paying homeless individuals to give them their identification, They 390 00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:43,000 Speaker 2: enrolled them in Obamacare. Large subsidies then went to the insurers. 391 00:25:43,160 --> 00:25:46,440 Speaker 2: The brokers then got to cut and commission those two guys. 392 00:25:46,800 --> 00:25:51,520 Speaker 2: The amount of this subsidies that those two individuals produced 393 00:25:51,840 --> 00:25:55,239 Speaker 2: was two hundred and thirty million dollars. So you're going 394 00:25:55,280 --> 00:25:58,240 Speaker 2: to catch some cases like that and that money is gone, 395 00:25:58,400 --> 00:26:00,640 Speaker 2: That money has gone that will never be recovered. 396 00:26:00,880 --> 00:26:03,280 Speaker 1: The amount of mine you just described, how could you 397 00:26:03,320 --> 00:26:04,240 Speaker 1: physically do that? 398 00:26:05,280 --> 00:26:08,200 Speaker 2: So there's a lot of money in these subsidies and 399 00:26:08,359 --> 00:26:14,120 Speaker 2: they went around pockets of South Florida and just enrolled 400 00:26:14,320 --> 00:26:18,080 Speaker 2: massive numbers of individuals, and some of them fictional like 401 00:26:18,119 --> 00:26:20,840 Speaker 2: I mean, I think the GAO report showed that there's 402 00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:25,680 Speaker 2: like no program integrity controls. Something shock you about how 403 00:26:25,720 --> 00:26:28,679 Speaker 2: bad government is it? To me, is shocking that ninety 404 00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:30,880 Speaker 2: six percent of fake applications got through. 405 00:26:31,359 --> 00:26:34,040 Speaker 1: That's why I was sitting here thinking, you almost can't 406 00:26:34,040 --> 00:26:37,480 Speaker 1: get your head around. That's why I think the Minnesota 407 00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:42,360 Speaker 1: case where you had in one city a billion dollars 408 00:26:42,400 --> 00:26:46,640 Speaker 1: being stolen in a very systematic way, and you had 409 00:26:46,640 --> 00:26:49,120 Speaker 1: a bureaucracy that just wrote the checks. 410 00:26:50,080 --> 00:26:52,760 Speaker 2: Think about that. If there's a five times increase in 411 00:26:52,800 --> 00:26:56,320 Speaker 2: autism diagnoses in a very short period of time, and 412 00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:59,840 Speaker 2: so the Minnesota example, they were paying parents to have 413 00:27:00,200 --> 00:27:04,119 Speaker 2: kids diagnosed for autism because then that led the provider 414 00:27:04,240 --> 00:27:08,640 Speaker 2: to be able to bill higher amounts. The bureaucracy, if 415 00:27:08,640 --> 00:27:10,879 Speaker 2: they are sophisticated and they say they're so good now 416 00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:12,879 Speaker 2: they should be able to analyze all this data. If 417 00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:16,320 Speaker 2: you're having a five times increase in autism diagnoses and 418 00:27:16,359 --> 00:27:20,000 Speaker 2: then a massive spending on all of these specific services 419 00:27:20,480 --> 00:27:23,320 Speaker 2: for kids that have autism, that should have been caught. 420 00:27:23,400 --> 00:27:26,080 Speaker 2: It should have been caught within a few months of 421 00:27:26,119 --> 00:27:29,160 Speaker 2: that happening. Another example with Medicare a couple years ago, 422 00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:32,720 Speaker 2: they paid for all these catheters, huge search like thousand 423 00:27:32,840 --> 00:27:35,880 Speaker 2: percent increase in Medicare spending on Cather. They never went 424 00:27:35,920 --> 00:27:39,080 Speaker 2: to patients. They should have caught all of this stuff 425 00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:39,680 Speaker 2: early on. 426 00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:44,200 Speaker 1: It's just wild. Look, this is a huge area, largest 427 00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:48,080 Speaker 1: single sector of the economy. You will never balance the 428 00:27:48,080 --> 00:27:50,840 Speaker 1: federal budget until you hit this under control. And it's 429 00:27:50,880 --> 00:27:54,520 Speaker 1: just wrong. It also gives the American people and more 430 00:27:54,560 --> 00:27:59,000 Speaker 1: inadequate and a weaker health system and healthcare system. And 431 00:27:59,040 --> 00:28:02,560 Speaker 1: the work you're doing at the Paragon Institute, I think 432 00:28:02,600 --> 00:28:06,600 Speaker 1: it is a significant step towards opening up the facts 433 00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:10,120 Speaker 1: and allowing the Congress and the President to really talk 434 00:28:10,160 --> 00:28:14,160 Speaker 1: about big, serious reforms. And Brian, I want to thank 435 00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:16,960 Speaker 1: you for joining me. I want to encourage our listeners 436 00:28:17,280 --> 00:28:20,040 Speaker 1: to keep following the work you're doing by visiting your 437 00:28:20,080 --> 00:28:24,720 Speaker 1: website at Paragon Institute dot org. And course ONO wish 438 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:26,520 Speaker 1: you a very very merry Christmas. 439 00:28:27,200 --> 00:28:29,800 Speaker 2: Merry Christmas, mister Speaker. Really is a privilege to be 440 00:28:29,880 --> 00:28:30,119 Speaker 2: with you. 441 00:28:33,720 --> 00:28:36,600 Speaker 1: Thank you to my guest, Brian Blaise. New Chworld is 442 00:28:36,640 --> 00:28:40,440 Speaker 1: produced by Gamish three sixty and iHeartMedia. Our executive producer 443 00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:45,520 Speaker 1: is Guarnsey Sloan. Our researcher is Rachel Peterson. The artwork 444 00:28:45,560 --> 00:28:49,160 Speaker 1: for the show, who's created by Steve Penley. Special thanks 445 00:28:49,160 --> 00:28:51,600 Speaker 1: to the team at Gamish three sixty. If you've been 446 00:28:51,680 --> 00:28:54,520 Speaker 1: enjoying New World, I hope you'll go to Apple Podcasts 447 00:28:54,880 --> 00:28:57,479 Speaker 1: and both rate us with five stars and give us 448 00:28:57,480 --> 00:28:59,920 Speaker 1: a review so others can learn what it's all about. 449 00:29:00,760 --> 00:29:04,240 Speaker 1: Join me on substat at Ginghish three sixty dot net. 450 00:29:04,600 --> 00:29:06,960 Speaker 1: I'm new Gingwich. This is Neutroble