1 00:00:09,400 --> 00:00:13,320 Speaker 1: From Meat Eaters World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This 2 00:00:13,400 --> 00:00:16,680 Speaker 1: is Kel's we can review with Ryan kel Kell and 3 00:00:17,239 --> 00:00:21,400 Speaker 1: now here's kel Hey. Here's a question for you. Would 4 00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:27,280 Speaker 1: hunting grizzly bears reduce grizzly human conflict? Of course it would, 5 00:00:27,440 --> 00:00:31,240 Speaker 1: I want to say meat Eater's own Patrick Durkin tackled 6 00:00:31,280 --> 00:00:35,400 Speaker 1: this complicated question at the mediator dot com. I, for one, 7 00:00:35,600 --> 00:00:38,320 Speaker 1: would love to have the ability to apply for tags 8 00:00:38,360 --> 00:00:41,479 Speaker 1: to hunt a well managed population of grizzlies here in 9 00:00:41,520 --> 00:00:43,960 Speaker 1: my home state of Montana. I've grown up with the 10 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:47,800 Speaker 1: grizz I've watched their populations grow and have had many 11 00:00:47,840 --> 00:00:51,280 Speaker 1: interactions with them. I've listened to stories from the outfitters 12 00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:54,520 Speaker 1: I worked for who guided some of the very last hunts. 13 00:00:55,120 --> 00:00:57,000 Speaker 1: Due to the fact that we haven't been able to 14 00:00:57,080 --> 00:00:59,960 Speaker 1: hunt the animals since the early seventies and their numbers 15 00:01:00,080 --> 00:01:02,480 Speaker 1: then we're at an all time low. We are now 16 00:01:02,680 --> 00:01:06,760 Speaker 1: covering new ground in grizzly management, and anecdotal evidence of 17 00:01:06,760 --> 00:01:10,680 Speaker 1: which I and seemingly everyone else has loads of, just 18 00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:14,200 Speaker 1: doesn't cut it. The focus of this question is problem bears. 19 00:01:14,480 --> 00:01:17,959 Speaker 1: The bears that cause conflict. Conflict can range from trash 20 00:01:18,080 --> 00:01:22,800 Speaker 1: can destruction, to mauling's aggressive behavior, to domestic livestock death. 21 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:26,679 Speaker 1: Studies have shown that reducing bar densities in areas with 22 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:30,880 Speaker 1: high conflict does lead to less conflict because there's less bears, 23 00:01:30,920 --> 00:01:34,160 Speaker 1: but it won't be likely that hunters will focus on 24 00:01:34,200 --> 00:01:37,560 Speaker 1: areas where much of this conflict occurs. Think about it. 25 00:01:38,080 --> 00:01:41,760 Speaker 1: Hunting a potentially thousand pound bear in the urban interface 26 00:01:42,040 --> 00:01:45,000 Speaker 1: that place I always speak of where wildlife corridors and 27 00:01:45,160 --> 00:01:49,520 Speaker 1: urban sprawl meets isn't likely or safe. Catching a problem 28 00:01:49,520 --> 00:01:52,360 Speaker 1: bear in the act of harassing cattle, for instance, isn't 29 00:01:52,400 --> 00:01:56,000 Speaker 1: likely either, meaning that if hunting grizzly were legal, the 30 00:01:56,080 --> 00:01:58,880 Speaker 1: hunters with tags in their pockets won't be targeting the 31 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:02,160 Speaker 1: bears causing conflict probably won't be hunting in those areas. 32 00:02:02,640 --> 00:02:05,400 Speaker 1: The grizzly is an apex predator, the bear at the 33 00:02:05,440 --> 00:02:08,600 Speaker 1: top of the food chain. I have hunted grizzlies in 34 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:10,920 Speaker 1: areas where it is legal to hunt them and has 35 00:02:10,960 --> 00:02:13,880 Speaker 1: been legal since long before I was alive, and I've 36 00:02:13,919 --> 00:02:18,880 Speaker 1: had very different experiences. One area in Alaska, seemingly any 37 00:02:18,880 --> 00:02:21,800 Speaker 1: grizz you ran into I wanted no part of human activity. 38 00:02:22,280 --> 00:02:25,480 Speaker 1: Another area it seemed like every bear you ran across 39 00:02:25,639 --> 00:02:28,320 Speaker 1: wanted to size you up and see if you were edible. 40 00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:32,200 Speaker 1: So that little bit of anecdotal evidence doesn't necessarily say 41 00:02:32,320 --> 00:02:35,119 Speaker 1: bears are automatically going to be scared of hunters. One 42 00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:38,799 Speaker 1: question I have if hunters won't be taking on problem 43 00:02:38,840 --> 00:02:42,360 Speaker 1: bears is when you consider bears have territories. Is it 44 00:02:42,400 --> 00:02:46,320 Speaker 1: possible that removing bears through hunting in back country situations, 45 00:02:46,360 --> 00:02:49,040 Speaker 1: assuming these are non problem bears where they are less 46 00:02:49,080 --> 00:02:51,960 Speaker 1: likely to come into contact with humans, would removing those 47 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:56,160 Speaker 1: bears allow some of these problem bears to occupy that territory, 48 00:02:56,400 --> 00:02:59,280 Speaker 1: create a void in which a front country conflict bear 49 00:02:59,440 --> 00:03:03,120 Speaker 1: could become a backcountry non conflict bear. I doubt it, 50 00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:06,560 Speaker 1: but maybe it would prevent a bear from reaching those 51 00:03:06,600 --> 00:03:09,560 Speaker 1: areas where it is more likely to learn behavior people 52 00:03:09,600 --> 00:03:13,440 Speaker 1: won't tolerate. Find out more at the meter dot com. 53 00:03:13,560 --> 00:03:16,960 Speaker 1: Will hunting reduce non hunting conflict? It's a bearer of 54 00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:21,080 Speaker 1: a question. This podcast, as You Know, is brought to 55 00:03:21,120 --> 00:03:24,760 Speaker 1: you by Steel Power Equipment. Steel makes an incredible lineup 56 00:03:24,800 --> 00:03:27,880 Speaker 1: of tools, both powered and non to help you cut, snip, 57 00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:30,679 Speaker 1: saw and power wash your way through all your domestic 58 00:03:30,680 --> 00:03:32,880 Speaker 1: and commercial needs. I like to keep a set of 59 00:03:32,880 --> 00:03:35,000 Speaker 1: their pruning shears in my bird hunting bag this time 60 00:03:35,000 --> 00:03:38,080 Speaker 1: of year for clipping wings and feet. If you happen 61 00:03:38,120 --> 00:03:40,720 Speaker 1: to have followed my advice and purchased one of their 62 00:03:40,760 --> 00:03:44,200 Speaker 1: amazing battery powered saws, or if your family loves you 63 00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:47,120 Speaker 1: and they got you one for Christmas, my advice, my 64 00:03:47,240 --> 00:03:50,960 Speaker 1: quick tip for cold weather is, and I'm talking like 65 00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:55,000 Speaker 1: twenty degrees and under cold weather, keep the battery full 66 00:03:55,120 --> 00:03:58,240 Speaker 1: charge until you get all your scenes, set up your 67 00:03:58,240 --> 00:04:01,520 Speaker 1: miss on sam, anything you need cut, you have it 68 00:04:01,680 --> 00:04:04,080 Speaker 1: right there, and then do all the work at once. 69 00:04:04,560 --> 00:04:08,320 Speaker 1: My experience is the batteries hold full power super well 70 00:04:08,440 --> 00:04:11,640 Speaker 1: no matter how cold it gets. But once you tap 71 00:04:11,720 --> 00:04:14,680 Speaker 1: into one, use it until the job is done. When 72 00:04:14,680 --> 00:04:16,600 Speaker 1: we cut our way into camp a few weeks ago, 73 00:04:16,800 --> 00:04:19,720 Speaker 1: the battery we used on the way in still had 74 00:04:19,720 --> 00:04:23,159 Speaker 1: plenty of power. Then the attempts dropped to below zero 75 00:04:23,240 --> 00:04:25,920 Speaker 1: for a few days, and that same battery didn't last 76 00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:28,039 Speaker 1: very long when I tried it again, a couple of 77 00:04:28,080 --> 00:04:31,080 Speaker 1: cuts maybe, but the fresh battery had packed in that 78 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:33,920 Speaker 1: had been subjected to all that cold weather for five 79 00:04:34,040 --> 00:04:37,320 Speaker 1: six days ran great for cutting firewood that morning and 80 00:04:37,360 --> 00:04:40,400 Speaker 1: cut my way through blowdown and buck later on that night. 81 00:04:40,760 --> 00:04:43,200 Speaker 1: So don't do a little and get distracted for a day, 82 00:04:43,279 --> 00:04:45,440 Speaker 1: is what I'm saying, and then come back and expect 83 00:04:45,520 --> 00:04:47,920 Speaker 1: the thing to be fully charged. That's just a field 84 00:04:47,960 --> 00:04:53,159 Speaker 1: tip for you. This week we've got hot tips definitions, limes, disease, 85 00:04:53,480 --> 00:04:57,000 Speaker 1: rodent behavior, and primary predators. But first I'm gonna tell 86 00:04:57,000 --> 00:05:00,400 Speaker 1: you about my week. I slipped off to a great, 87 00:05:00,440 --> 00:05:04,279 Speaker 1: big Baja Peninsula with some friends. The weather was fantastic 88 00:05:04,400 --> 00:05:07,840 Speaker 1: and it was pretty darned calm people wise, wasn't full 89 00:05:07,839 --> 00:05:11,120 Speaker 1: blown tourist season yet, which I find ideal. The Baja 90 00:05:11,160 --> 00:05:14,120 Speaker 1: Peninsula is the second largest peninsula in the world and 91 00:05:14,200 --> 00:05:17,160 Speaker 1: runs about seven hundred and seventy five miles from top 92 00:05:17,200 --> 00:05:20,360 Speaker 1: to bottom. If you aren't satisfied with being on the 93 00:05:20,440 --> 00:05:23,960 Speaker 1: second largest peninsula, you're more of a first largest peninsula 94 00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:26,600 Speaker 1: type of person, you can check out the Melee Peninsula 95 00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:29,800 Speaker 1: in Southeast Asia. It's the largest peninsula on the planet. 96 00:05:30,279 --> 00:05:33,680 Speaker 1: The Pacific Ocean forms the Sea of Cortez, which separates 97 00:05:33,680 --> 00:05:37,000 Speaker 1: the Baja from mainland Mexico. We were on the Cortez side, 98 00:05:37,040 --> 00:05:38,760 Speaker 1: and although it took us a few days to get 99 00:05:38,760 --> 00:05:42,120 Speaker 1: things figured out. We finally struck recreational gold on a 100 00:05:42,160 --> 00:05:44,480 Speaker 1: beach a few hours from our house. I had brought 101 00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:46,800 Speaker 1: along all of my spear fishing gear and my buddies 102 00:05:46,839 --> 00:05:49,279 Speaker 1: had their flag gear. The folks with the flyer odds 103 00:05:49,320 --> 00:05:52,040 Speaker 1: caught a handful of species after a short wave through 104 00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:55,359 Speaker 1: the waves and the rocks. I was blown away on 105 00:05:55,440 --> 00:05:58,320 Speaker 1: the few short dives I made after seeing virtually no 106 00:05:58,480 --> 00:06:01,560 Speaker 1: life in the three days prior this spot. Oddly enough, 107 00:06:01,680 --> 00:06:04,920 Speaker 1: I found using on X, which is my you know, 108 00:06:05,080 --> 00:06:08,799 Speaker 1: hunting location map app of choice works great in Mexico, 109 00:06:09,040 --> 00:06:10,640 Speaker 1: and all I was looking for I was using the 110 00:06:10,680 --> 00:06:14,080 Speaker 1: satellite imagery to find steep drop offs and stuff that 111 00:06:14,120 --> 00:06:17,159 Speaker 1: looked like structure that was near shore. This spot seemed 112 00:06:17,160 --> 00:06:19,279 Speaker 1: to have it all, and once I got in the water, 113 00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:23,080 Speaker 1: it was almost an overwhelming amount of life, incredibly cool, 114 00:06:23,520 --> 00:06:27,279 Speaker 1: lots of big needle fish, several schools of Jack's angel fish, 115 00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:30,720 Speaker 1: parrot fish, all sorts of bait swimming around. I swear 116 00:06:30,760 --> 00:06:33,360 Speaker 1: to you, I found a really nice link cod in 117 00:06:33,440 --> 00:06:36,520 Speaker 1: less than twenty ft of water, more a eel, pargo, 118 00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:40,520 Speaker 1: puffer fish, rass. That's about all I could identify. I 119 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:43,480 Speaker 1: managed to pick up a nice cabrilla which is a grouper, 120 00:06:43,680 --> 00:06:46,680 Speaker 1: and a smaller parrot fish for the grill. Just an 121 00:06:46,720 --> 00:06:51,080 Speaker 1: awesome day literally a beach and a reef to ourselves. 122 00:06:51,360 --> 00:06:54,280 Speaker 1: We decided to pack up early, swing by the Mercado 123 00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:57,440 Speaker 1: Supera on the way home and pick up groceries and 124 00:06:57,520 --> 00:07:01,000 Speaker 1: prepare our catch for a celebratory dinner and some beers 125 00:07:01,040 --> 00:07:03,479 Speaker 1: on the beach at sunset, which is how I would 126 00:07:03,480 --> 00:07:08,680 Speaker 1: love to tell you the trip ended. On the way home, 127 00:07:08,839 --> 00:07:12,760 Speaker 1: we got detained by the Policia municipal and things kind 128 00:07:12,760 --> 00:07:17,240 Speaker 1: of went south from there. Attitude wise, Mostly nothing really happened, 129 00:07:17,400 --> 00:07:21,280 Speaker 1: but the seriousness of our situation certainly killed the fishing high. 130 00:07:21,640 --> 00:07:23,720 Speaker 1: We were pulled over, a few of us were asked 131 00:07:23,760 --> 00:07:27,520 Speaker 1: to step out, licenses examined, and oddly enough, our fish 132 00:07:28,160 --> 00:07:30,600 Speaker 1: and I'm sure the beer cans from the beach did 133 00:07:30,680 --> 00:07:33,680 Speaker 1: not go unnoticed. The fish were a big hit with 134 00:07:33,720 --> 00:07:36,800 Speaker 1: the cops. They had genuinely seemed impressed with our catch. 135 00:07:37,200 --> 00:07:39,680 Speaker 1: Were then ordered back into the car and instructed to 136 00:07:39,680 --> 00:07:42,880 Speaker 1: follow them through the town, presumably to the police station. 137 00:07:43,200 --> 00:07:46,200 Speaker 1: Not fun. Periodically, the cops would pull over a way 138 00:07:46,200 --> 00:07:49,480 Speaker 1: of us forward, asked more questions than we would get 139 00:07:49,480 --> 00:07:52,640 Speaker 1: back in the car and proceed. During our two vehicle 140 00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:56,640 Speaker 1: parade through town, one of our crew, perhaps not consciously, 141 00:07:57,080 --> 00:08:00,640 Speaker 1: narrated all of his thoughts to the rest of us. Oh, 142 00:08:00,800 --> 00:08:04,040 Speaker 1: I don't like this turn. Oh good, too many people 143 00:08:04,080 --> 00:08:06,120 Speaker 1: on the street for him to kill us. Why are 144 00:08:06,160 --> 00:08:09,760 Speaker 1: we stopping? This isn't good. Oh maybe this is where 145 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:13,800 Speaker 1: we get robbed. Hey, everyone's doing great. Everyone's doing great. 146 00:08:14,360 --> 00:08:17,680 Speaker 1: I didn't find the narration very helpful. Eventually, through this 147 00:08:17,760 --> 00:08:20,480 Speaker 1: series of stopping and questioning, we ended back up at 148 00:08:20,480 --> 00:08:23,560 Speaker 1: the ferry dock, where the conversation again turned to fishing. 149 00:08:23,920 --> 00:08:26,240 Speaker 1: This time, the costs were showing us pictures of their 150 00:08:26,280 --> 00:08:30,680 Speaker 1: fishing escapades, every other photo being bikini clad women. Being 151 00:08:30,840 --> 00:08:34,600 Speaker 1: very well versed in talking fishing, our crew didn't find 152 00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:37,600 Speaker 1: the change in topic comforting, and our heads kind of 153 00:08:37,640 --> 00:08:40,760 Speaker 1: spun with what the hell is the point all this? Eventually, 154 00:08:40,920 --> 00:08:43,800 Speaker 1: the uniformed officers asked if we would like to meet 155 00:08:43,800 --> 00:08:48,000 Speaker 1: the girls in the pictures, They could arrange it. I'll 156 00:08:48,040 --> 00:08:52,600 Speaker 1: just say we weren't comfortable with uniformed officers pushing prostitutes 157 00:08:52,640 --> 00:08:57,000 Speaker 1: our way, nor were we interested, and they seemed very confused. 158 00:08:57,040 --> 00:08:59,040 Speaker 1: As to why we weren't willing to take them up 159 00:08:59,040 --> 00:09:01,880 Speaker 1: on their offer, so much so that they asked if 160 00:09:01,880 --> 00:09:05,439 Speaker 1: we were married to each other. Eventually, my friend uttered 161 00:09:05,520 --> 00:09:11,280 Speaker 1: a all good, toto bien. The officers said, see toto bien, 162 00:09:11,800 --> 00:09:14,400 Speaker 1: and we went on our separate ways. Like I said, 163 00:09:14,600 --> 00:09:18,839 Speaker 1: nothing really happened anyway. The food was fantastic, the weather great, 164 00:09:19,120 --> 00:09:22,160 Speaker 1: everyone else who met was super great, and I can't 165 00:09:22,200 --> 00:09:25,920 Speaker 1: wait to go back. Moving on to our Cow's weekend review, 166 00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:30,319 Speaker 1: listener desk friend and listener wrote in with a great question, 167 00:09:30,840 --> 00:09:33,800 Speaker 1: what is the difference between a keystone species and an 168 00:09:33,800 --> 00:09:37,600 Speaker 1: indicator species? This is a confusing one because there does 169 00:09:37,640 --> 00:09:40,400 Speaker 1: appear to be plenty of overlap, and I have, without 170 00:09:40,440 --> 00:09:44,640 Speaker 1: a doubt seeing keystone and indicator species used interchangeably and broadly. 171 00:09:44,920 --> 00:09:47,720 Speaker 1: I'm not saying that's correct, but I've seen it. We'll 172 00:09:47,720 --> 00:09:51,000 Speaker 1: start with keystone, okay. A keystone, like a real keystone, 173 00:09:51,240 --> 00:09:53,560 Speaker 1: is the stone in the top center of an arch 174 00:09:53,640 --> 00:09:56,520 Speaker 1: where the two sides come together. It kind of holds 175 00:09:56,559 --> 00:09:59,360 Speaker 1: it all together while being held at the same time 176 00:10:00,040 --> 00:10:03,160 Speaker 1: Yeastone species is one that if it were to go away, 177 00:10:03,520 --> 00:10:06,640 Speaker 1: the legs of the arch would fall. My example that 178 00:10:06,720 --> 00:10:09,760 Speaker 1: I can think of as krill, that tiny shrimp that 179 00:10:09,840 --> 00:10:13,240 Speaker 1: makes up the base food for a good jillion fish, birds, 180 00:10:13,360 --> 00:10:17,040 Speaker 1: mammals like the humpback whale, for instance. If krill were 181 00:10:17,080 --> 00:10:20,080 Speaker 1: to go away, it is quite likely that the animals 182 00:10:20,120 --> 00:10:22,720 Speaker 1: that are dependent on krill that make up the legs 183 00:10:22,720 --> 00:10:25,480 Speaker 1: of the arch in this example would go away as well. 184 00:10:25,880 --> 00:10:28,760 Speaker 1: The arch could rebuild itself, but it wouldn't be in 185 00:10:28,800 --> 00:10:32,439 Speaker 1: the same order. An indicator species is just that, a 186 00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:36,640 Speaker 1: species that indicates the health of an ecosystem or an area, 187 00:10:37,040 --> 00:10:40,200 Speaker 1: and not so off the shelf. Example could be a 188 00:10:40,280 --> 00:10:43,480 Speaker 1: canary in a coal mine. The canary isn't a necessary 189 00:10:43,520 --> 00:10:47,360 Speaker 1: part of this situation, but it's presence when alive, indicates 190 00:10:47,360 --> 00:10:50,600 Speaker 1: the air quality something in a more natural setting, and 191 00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:53,840 Speaker 1: a very appropriate example right now would be the freshwater muscle. 192 00:10:54,040 --> 00:10:57,760 Speaker 1: Freshwater muscles are disappearing from our streams and rivers because 193 00:10:57,760 --> 00:11:00,320 Speaker 1: we as a species keep dumping things in our streams 194 00:11:00,320 --> 00:11:04,240 Speaker 1: and rivers that should not go there. Amphibians are another 195 00:11:04,280 --> 00:11:08,320 Speaker 1: great indicator species. Amphibians are sensitive to changes and show 196 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:12,320 Speaker 1: signs of toxicity in their systems almost instantly. For instance, 197 00:11:12,520 --> 00:11:15,600 Speaker 1: a truck driver in Georgia was just sentenced for deliberately 198 00:11:15,640 --> 00:11:18,439 Speaker 1: dumping three thousand gallons of fuel out of the fuel 199 00:11:18,440 --> 00:11:21,280 Speaker 1: truck he was driving. The fuel followed a storm drainage 200 00:11:21,320 --> 00:11:24,200 Speaker 1: system into an unnamed creek which happens to be a 201 00:11:24,200 --> 00:11:29,040 Speaker 1: tributary of wait for it, good Water Creek. How's that 202 00:11:29,160 --> 00:11:32,840 Speaker 1: for bad luck? If you would take a sample of 203 00:11:32,880 --> 00:11:36,120 Speaker 1: amphibians and good Water Creek, they would have likely revealed 204 00:11:36,400 --> 00:11:39,800 Speaker 1: or indicated that something was a mess. The truck driver 205 00:11:40,120 --> 00:11:44,120 Speaker 1: was sentenced just recently. His two thousand eighteen decision to 206 00:11:44,240 --> 00:11:47,440 Speaker 1: dump the fuel earned him eighteen months in prison. This 207 00:11:47,600 --> 00:11:50,360 Speaker 1: was not a conscious act of eco terrorism. He had 208 00:11:50,400 --> 00:11:52,640 Speaker 1: just loaded the wrong fuel in the truck, so instead 209 00:11:52,679 --> 00:11:55,600 Speaker 1: of returning back to deal with it in an appropriate manner, 210 00:11:55,760 --> 00:11:59,199 Speaker 1: he literally turned good Water Creek into bad Water Creek. 211 00:11:59,679 --> 00:12:02,440 Speaker 1: Any Way, that was a great question, and in my opinion, 212 00:12:02,480 --> 00:12:05,120 Speaker 1: the answer is perfect for conservation, as it's just not 213 00:12:05,400 --> 00:12:09,560 Speaker 1: entirely straightforward answer all the time. Next, uh, tick removal 214 00:12:09,600 --> 00:12:13,920 Speaker 1: trick from Jason and Fairfax, Virginia. Something that may work 215 00:12:13,960 --> 00:12:17,079 Speaker 1: for those bloated tick situations where you cannot get directly 216 00:12:17,160 --> 00:12:19,400 Speaker 1: to the tick's head with tweezers, So when you go 217 00:12:19,480 --> 00:12:22,160 Speaker 1: to remove a tick. It's highly recommended that when you 218 00:12:22,240 --> 00:12:24,840 Speaker 1: go to pull that blood sucker out, you do your 219 00:12:24,960 --> 00:12:27,280 Speaker 1: best to get the mouth and all the mouth parts 220 00:12:27,360 --> 00:12:29,960 Speaker 1: out at the same time, as those little parts can 221 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:34,800 Speaker 1: cause irritation and infection. Jason suggests you throw an overhand 222 00:12:34,880 --> 00:12:38,560 Speaker 1: loop of dental floss over the bloated tick, snugging loop 223 00:12:38,600 --> 00:12:41,440 Speaker 1: around the head parts, and then take your tweezers and 224 00:12:41,480 --> 00:12:44,440 Speaker 1: gently grab the body of the tick. Then give a 225 00:12:44,520 --> 00:12:48,000 Speaker 1: gentle pull in tandem with the tweezers and the floss, 226 00:12:48,040 --> 00:12:50,320 Speaker 1: and you'll get all the parts out. I haven't tried this, 227 00:12:50,400 --> 00:12:52,839 Speaker 1: but it sounds sound. Says, It works well and you 228 00:12:52,880 --> 00:12:55,600 Speaker 1: won't have a bloody mess to clean up. Thank you, Jason. 229 00:12:56,320 --> 00:12:59,240 Speaker 1: Jason's helpful tip would be welcomed by a large group 230 00:12:59,240 --> 00:13:02,440 Speaker 1: of Facebook, Witter, and Pinterest users who have been distributing 231 00:13:02,440 --> 00:13:04,920 Speaker 1: a meme about the potential threat of ticks in your 232 00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:08,640 Speaker 1: Christmas tree. A photo that has been shared hundreds of 233 00:13:08,640 --> 00:13:12,040 Speaker 1: times this past holiday season says there's a chance you're 234 00:13:12,080 --> 00:13:15,679 Speaker 1: bringing lime disease into your living room. The post reads, 235 00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:18,880 Speaker 1: if one female tick lays eggs under the bark of 236 00:13:18,880 --> 00:13:21,800 Speaker 1: a tree, that tree will be infested with over two 237 00:13:21,800 --> 00:13:26,080 Speaker 1: thousand eggs, which then hatch. Keep that in mind, all 238 00:13:26,200 --> 00:13:29,839 Speaker 1: ticks can carry and transmit disease. Our own Spencer new 239 00:13:29,880 --> 00:13:32,360 Speaker 1: Hearth looked into this clam and shared his findings over 240 00:13:32,400 --> 00:13:35,080 Speaker 1: at the meteor dot Com in a recent article called 241 00:13:35,200 --> 00:13:38,199 Speaker 1: fact Checker. Can a Christmas Tree give you Lime Disease? 242 00:13:38,880 --> 00:13:42,880 Speaker 1: And Summary? No. Lime disease is largely a seasonal issue, 243 00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:46,160 Speaker 1: with winter being the least likely time to encounter infected ticks. 244 00:13:46,520 --> 00:13:50,120 Speaker 1: December rarely sees confirmed cases of the disease, accounting for 245 00:13:50,200 --> 00:13:53,040 Speaker 1: less than two percent of all reported cases based on 246 00:13:53,200 --> 00:13:56,760 Speaker 1: ten years of CDC data. Lime disease is so rare 247 00:13:56,920 --> 00:14:00,560 Speaker 1: during this period because the majority of ticks are dormant. Further, 248 00:14:00,920 --> 00:14:05,160 Speaker 1: only nymphs and adult females can transmit lime disease to humans. 249 00:14:05,480 --> 00:14:08,520 Speaker 1: Nymphs feed from May through July, which is why late 250 00:14:08,559 --> 00:14:11,720 Speaker 1: spring to early summer is when lyme disease cases peak. 251 00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:15,360 Speaker 1: In the fall, the nymphs become adults. At this time, 252 00:14:15,440 --> 00:14:18,840 Speaker 1: the females will attach themselves to a large mammal mate 253 00:14:18,960 --> 00:14:22,360 Speaker 1: and die. How's that for a sexual routine. By the 254 00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:26,040 Speaker 1: time Winner rolls around, almost all disease carrying ticks are gone. 255 00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:29,600 Speaker 1: Although both Christmas trees and lime disease are found across 256 00:14:29,640 --> 00:14:33,480 Speaker 1: North America, lime disease has a more limited distribution, with 257 00:14:34,600 --> 00:14:37,560 Speaker 1: cases coming out of just fourteen states. Most of the 258 00:14:37,600 --> 00:14:40,480 Speaker 1: states where the disease is prevalent are in the Northeast 259 00:14:40,600 --> 00:14:44,760 Speaker 1: or Great Lakes region. The top Christmas tree producer is Oregon. 260 00:14:45,200 --> 00:14:47,680 Speaker 1: Even if you live in a lime disease hotspot, finding 261 00:14:47,720 --> 00:14:50,840 Speaker 1: a nest of ticks on your Christmas tree is very unlikely. 262 00:14:51,200 --> 00:14:53,600 Speaker 1: Black legged ticks lay eggs on the ground in May, 263 00:14:53,760 --> 00:14:56,840 Speaker 1: which hatch by summer. If your tree did somehow come 264 00:14:56,920 --> 00:14:59,520 Speaker 1: covered in tick eggs, they are in a hazard. Ticks 265 00:14:59,560 --> 00:15:02,040 Speaker 1: aren't warn with lime disease, but instead get it by 266 00:15:02,080 --> 00:15:05,640 Speaker 1: feeding on a disease carrying bird or mammal. Simply put tick, 267 00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:09,800 Speaker 1: larva or pathogen free. There's enough stress during the holiday season, 268 00:15:10,200 --> 00:15:14,120 Speaker 1: don't let this uninformed meme add to it. The odds 269 00:15:14,120 --> 00:15:16,680 Speaker 1: of getting lime disease from a Christmas tree are about 270 00:15:16,760 --> 00:15:19,480 Speaker 1: equal to Santa telling you to hop in the sleigh, 271 00:15:19,720 --> 00:15:22,680 Speaker 1: take the reins, and then leaning over and saying, hey, kid, 272 00:15:22,960 --> 00:15:26,960 Speaker 1: don't be afraid to really open her up. Sticking with 273 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:30,800 Speaker 1: the tick desk for one more. A recent study provided 274 00:15:30,840 --> 00:15:34,600 Speaker 1: me by the phenomenal conservation writer Ben Long, published in 275 00:15:34,640 --> 00:15:39,480 Speaker 1: the journal o Ecatoha, which must be a Fancuis and 276 00:15:39,760 --> 00:15:43,880 Speaker 1: uh ecology, suggests that prey animals, in this case rodents, 277 00:15:44,200 --> 00:15:47,480 Speaker 1: modify their behavior according to the risk of predation. In 278 00:15:47,520 --> 00:15:51,600 Speaker 1: this study, researchers looked at rodent behavior alongside short term 279 00:15:51,640 --> 00:15:55,000 Speaker 1: and long term predator risk. At first glance, you may 280 00:15:55,000 --> 00:15:57,920 Speaker 1: be thinking, no kidding, of course they do. But how 281 00:15:57,960 --> 00:16:00,960 Speaker 1: often do we really think of mice as being conscious 282 00:16:01,040 --> 00:16:04,200 Speaker 1: of the bigger picture? I would bet for the most part, 283 00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:07,240 Speaker 1: we just think of them as an ever reproducing animal 284 00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:10,960 Speaker 1: that continues walking into traps until they are eventually eradicated 285 00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:14,960 Speaker 1: from the house. Anyway, their primary predator in this study 286 00:16:15,160 --> 00:16:18,240 Speaker 1: is the red fox and the secondary predator is the coyote. 287 00:16:18,640 --> 00:16:22,880 Speaker 1: They found that long term red fox activity significantly reduced 288 00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:27,600 Speaker 1: rodent activity, and cues of red fox presence reduced rodent 289 00:16:27,680 --> 00:16:32,440 Speaker 1: activity by more than the rodent activity would increase and 290 00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:36,920 Speaker 1: decrease according to the level of red fox activity. Rodents 291 00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:41,840 Speaker 1: did not respond to environmental factors or long term coyote activity, 292 00:16:41,880 --> 00:16:44,680 Speaker 1: indicating that the rodents not only took notice of a 293 00:16:44,720 --> 00:16:47,120 Speaker 1: predator if it was in the area. But who that 294 00:16:47,160 --> 00:16:51,240 Speaker 1: predator was? Fox or coyote? Now let's bring this back 295 00:16:51,280 --> 00:16:54,840 Speaker 1: to ticks. Rodents can carry ticks and things like plague. 296 00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:59,200 Speaker 1: Having foxes around decreases the rodent activity. This prey predator 297 00:16:59,240 --> 00:17:02,000 Speaker 1: relationship is neat in itself, but it also leads to 298 00:17:02,000 --> 00:17:04,760 Speaker 1: the question of how did the rodents learn to respect 299 00:17:04,800 --> 00:17:08,240 Speaker 1: the fox as a predator more than the coyote. Now, 300 00:17:08,560 --> 00:17:11,600 Speaker 1: think about this in regards to our first article regarding 301 00:17:11,640 --> 00:17:15,840 Speaker 1: grizzly bears. Rodents learned somehow that they were prey. The 302 00:17:15,880 --> 00:17:19,320 Speaker 1: presence and the suggestion of the presence of a primary 303 00:17:19,359 --> 00:17:23,400 Speaker 1: predator like the red fox sends them scurrying. Can grizzly 304 00:17:23,440 --> 00:17:26,440 Speaker 1: bears learn that they are not the primary predator? How 305 00:17:26,480 --> 00:17:28,400 Speaker 1: long would it take to turn a grizzly bear into 306 00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:31,080 Speaker 1: a mouse? In any case, if you are in a 307 00:17:31,119 --> 00:17:34,160 Speaker 1: particularly rodent infested area, you may want to lay off 308 00:17:34,200 --> 00:17:39,400 Speaker 1: the red foxes. Moving over to the update desk, you've 309 00:17:39,440 --> 00:17:41,520 Speaker 1: probably heard those of us on the Meat Eater crew 310 00:17:41,640 --> 00:17:45,280 Speaker 1: talk lovingly about one of our favorite places, the Boundary Waters. 311 00:17:45,560 --> 00:17:48,760 Speaker 1: It's a one point one million acre designated wilderness area 312 00:17:48,800 --> 00:17:51,880 Speaker 1: in the northeast corner in Minnesota made up a big mountains, 313 00:17:51,920 --> 00:17:56,080 Speaker 1: dense forests, and thousands upon thousands of amazing walleye pipe, 314 00:17:56,160 --> 00:17:59,000 Speaker 1: small mouth bass, and Mackinaw filled lakes that you could 315 00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:03,040 Speaker 1: spend a lifetime portaging between, true land of adventure. If 316 00:18:03,040 --> 00:18:05,800 Speaker 1: you've heard us talk about the Boundary Waters, you've probably 317 00:18:05,840 --> 00:18:08,600 Speaker 1: also heard us talk about how to foreign mining companies 318 00:18:08,640 --> 00:18:11,800 Speaker 1: are trying to dig copper nickel sulfide mines right on 319 00:18:11,840 --> 00:18:15,720 Speaker 1: the southern border of this protected area, just upstream of 320 00:18:15,760 --> 00:18:19,080 Speaker 1: the chain of those thousands of Christine Lakes. And you 321 00:18:19,160 --> 00:18:22,640 Speaker 1: may also know that spills from sulfide ore mines kill 322 00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:27,400 Speaker 1: everything in their path. Well. On December eighteen, twin Medals, 323 00:18:27,640 --> 00:18:31,320 Speaker 1: a subsidiary of one of those foreign mining companies, finally 324 00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:35,520 Speaker 1: submitted their MIND plan to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 325 00:18:35,840 --> 00:18:40,280 Speaker 1: formally kicking off the permitting process. This is where the 326 00:18:40,359 --> 00:18:44,600 Speaker 1: rubber meets the road. The federal permit application is expected 327 00:18:44,640 --> 00:18:47,760 Speaker 1: soon as well. The current leadership of the BLM and 328 00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:51,199 Speaker 1: the Department of the Interior have signaled strong support for 329 00:18:51,240 --> 00:18:54,600 Speaker 1: the MIND. The state will soon begin their scoping process, 330 00:18:54,920 --> 00:18:58,800 Speaker 1: environmental study and comment period to decide whether to allow 331 00:18:58,840 --> 00:19:02,480 Speaker 1: the MIND, which may be the only hope for stopping it. 332 00:19:02,840 --> 00:19:05,960 Speaker 1: So if you've ever been to the Boundary Waters Canue area, 333 00:19:06,200 --> 00:19:09,639 Speaker 1: or ever wanted to, which you should think about making 334 00:19:09,640 --> 00:19:12,840 Speaker 1: a call or sending an email to Minnesota Governor Tim 335 00:19:12,880 --> 00:19:17,479 Speaker 1: Waltz's office, or submitting a comment once that period opens, 336 00:19:17,760 --> 00:19:19,520 Speaker 1: And you don't have to be a Minnesota to do 337 00:19:19,560 --> 00:19:23,280 Speaker 1: any of that. The Boundary Waters is all federal public land, 338 00:19:23,520 --> 00:19:26,719 Speaker 1: not to mention them single most visited wilderness area in 339 00:19:26,760 --> 00:19:31,320 Speaker 1: the country, so every American has a say in its future. 340 00:19:32,040 --> 00:19:34,960 Speaker 1: That's all I've got for you this week. Thanks for listening. 341 00:19:35,119 --> 00:19:37,800 Speaker 1: If you are loving Cow's weekend review, be sure to 342 00:19:37,840 --> 00:19:39,800 Speaker 1: tell your friends and let me know how I'm doing 343 00:19:39,920 --> 00:19:43,480 Speaker 1: by writing in to ask Cal at the Mediator dot com. 344 00:19:43,480 --> 00:19:45,880 Speaker 1: That's a s k C A L at the meat 345 00:19:45,920 --> 00:19:48,920 Speaker 1: Eater dot com. Remember to leave me a review by 346 00:19:48,960 --> 00:19:51,760 Speaker 1: hitting that furthest right hand star. I'll talk to you 347 00:19:51,840 --> 00:19:52,760 Speaker 1: next week.