WEBVTT - Macy’s Beats on Profits, Lowe's Earnings

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<v Speaker 2>MASUS is down one and a half percent. I was

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<v Speaker 2>looking to see if there was anything that came out recently,

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<v Speaker 2>and it hasn't. So I just wonder if you know,

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<v Speaker 2>it had a nice run up in their earnings or

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<v Speaker 2>still just a few months away from fifty two week high.

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<v Speaker 2>Maybe it's that, but we want to get more insight

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<v Speaker 2>onto that. Yes, raising a full year outlook good, same

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<v Speaker 2>store of sales falling less than estimated. Rachel Tenbrink is

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<v Speaker 2>general partner over Red Bike Capital. She joins us Now

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<v Speaker 2>in studio. Rachel, you deeply cover the retail industry. What

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<v Speaker 2>was your broad takeaway from Macy's.

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<v Speaker 3>So, I think that there's new CEO. The clock is

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<v Speaker 3>taking there's a lot of pressure, and so I think

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<v Speaker 3>that he's trying to as quickly as possible make an impact.

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<v Speaker 3>But truly it's hard to see the short term sort

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<v Speaker 3>of real pop I think what you're seeing is there's

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<v Speaker 3>a lot of focus on top doors. There's a lot

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<v Speaker 3>of focus on top performers in the Bloomingdale's and Blue Mercury,

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<v Speaker 3>but overall, the consumer is still challenged. They still have

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<v Speaker 3>inventory issues, and if you look at the overall performance,

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<v Speaker 3>they did a little better because they had better operating

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<v Speaker 3>but the top line was down.

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<v Speaker 4>So when I think about Macy's, I mean, obviously it

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<v Speaker 4>is the quintessential department store. What's the strategy for Macy's

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<v Speaker 4>going forward, because it just doesn't feel like this has

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<v Speaker 4>been a long term trend for department stores in general,

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<v Speaker 4>you know, with e commerce and so on, kind of.

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<v Speaker 5>A tough place to be.

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<v Speaker 4>What's the strategy for Macy's these days?

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<v Speaker 5>Do you think so?

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<v Speaker 3>I think the reality is just a smaller footprint, a

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<v Speaker 3>smaller company. I think it's shocking if you think about

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<v Speaker 3>the fact that May Season the last twenty years has

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<v Speaker 3>lost about twenty five percent market share and so to

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<v Speaker 3>whom to basically retailers, Amazon Discounters. It's just a much

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<v Speaker 3>smaller company than it used to be twenty years ago.

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<v Speaker 3>And I think that if you think about the fact

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<v Speaker 3>that they're going to close one hundred and fifty stores,

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<v Speaker 3>they're going to be left with three hundred and fifty stores.

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<v Speaker 3>It's just I think that it's a tough place to be.

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<v Speaker 3>I think there's still a place for it, and I

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<v Speaker 3>think they can thoughtfully talk to those customers, but it's

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<v Speaker 3>just going to be a smaller place.

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<v Speaker 2>To that point, what as their inventory functioning, Like are

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<v Speaker 2>they doing that well? Like having a smaller footprint might

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<v Speaker 2>be good into inventory management, How are they managing that?

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<v Speaker 3>So from what I read, they were struggling a little

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<v Speaker 3>bit trying to figure out the transition between spring and summer,

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<v Speaker 3>so they did have a little bit of elevated inventory levels,

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<v Speaker 3>but they seem to be doing okay. I think what

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<v Speaker 3>they're trying to do is create more proprietary and special experiences,

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<v Speaker 3>private label things that you can't find anywhere else. But

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<v Speaker 3>they need to hit it on the nose, and the

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<v Speaker 3>consumer is being very picky right now about where they're spending.

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<v Speaker 2>You guys know why I asked that question, right Why

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<v Speaker 2>too much inventory means sales? Sales means ALEX shops there.

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<v Speaker 2>Good inventory management mean Alex is not shop there. I'm

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<v Speaker 2>not paying full price. But I mean I asked that

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<v Speaker 2>I say that in Jess, But it does speak to

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<v Speaker 2>the promotional activity and if the consumer stretch and they're

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<v Speaker 2>being picky, that's going to rely on the promotional world

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<v Speaker 2>to kind of get them in the store to help

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<v Speaker 2>for more volume. Is Macy's part of that, Yeah.

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<v Speaker 3>I mean, I think what's interesting if you think about

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<v Speaker 3>Macy's is that they're sort of picking this biffurcated strategy

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<v Speaker 3>where on the one hand, they have their own, you know,

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<v Speaker 3>the Mace's nameplate stores, and I think they're focusing on

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<v Speaker 3>top doors, sharpening the inventory, sharpening the offer, and then

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<v Speaker 3>they're going high end with Macy's and Blue Mercury, sorry,

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<v Speaker 3>with Bloomingdale's and Blue Mercury to try to attract that

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<v Speaker 3>higher end shopper that's willing to spend a little more.

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<v Speaker 4>Rachel, I don't know if you're aware, but the big

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<v Speaker 4>news in this studio over the last week was, for

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<v Speaker 4>the first time ever, I went to a Walmart store

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<v Speaker 4>over the weekend. Hugely impressed, blown away everything. You know,

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<v Speaker 4>it is as you would expect because we had some

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<v Speaker 4>Walmart earnings last week. What do you take away from Walmart?

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<v Speaker 5>They seem to be doing pretty well well.

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<v Speaker 3>I think that you always have to look at the

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<v Speaker 3>relationship between Walmart Target, right, they're always head to head,

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<v Speaker 3>and I think right now the consumer is feeling the

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<v Speaker 3>financial pressure, they're feeling inflation, and they're trying to find deals.

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<v Speaker 3>And what's interesting is there is still this perception that

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<v Speaker 3>if you want to find lower price points, specially in

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<v Speaker 3>things like food that are basic, you go to Walmart.

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<v Speaker 3>Now it'll be interesting. Now, yesterday Target announced that they're

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<v Speaker 3>lowering prices on five thousand skews, And so how is

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<v Speaker 3>that going to affect the dynamic between Wall. You know,

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<v Speaker 3>they're they're still trying Target is still trying to keep

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<v Speaker 3>that upscale image that yep, but you know they're fighting

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<v Speaker 3>for consumers that are really caring about every penny.

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<v Speaker 4>I mean, I was five thousand skews. I mean, how

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<v Speaker 4>often does that happen? I don't think I've heard that.

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<v Speaker 3>I don't know if I know that. I mean, I

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<v Speaker 3>think that's pretty dramatic. Walmart has been lowering prices as well,

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<v Speaker 3>so I think they're just sharpening the competition.

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<v Speaker 2>So they have actually already cut prices on about fifteen

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<v Speaker 2>hundred items, and they had so that thousands more of

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<v Speaker 2>reductions are planned over the course of the summer. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>exactly right. One analyst over Barclays was saying that these

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<v Speaker 2>may have been planned as part of sort of the

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<v Speaker 2>second quarter inflection that was embedded in guidance. In the

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<v Speaker 2>second half maybe gets a little bit better, but obviously

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<v Speaker 2>that's going to be a key topic tomorrow. Also, these

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<v Speaker 2>items that we're talking about are milk, bread, soda, fruit, veggies.

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<v Speaker 4>That's good because that's where I've seen it.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, but that's also I wonder if that's a direct

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<v Speaker 2>competition then to Walmart, because that's where you can make

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<v Speaker 2>an argument that if you go to Walmart for groceries,

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<v Speaker 2>that's where you buy your other stuff.

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<v Speaker 6>And I wonder if Target's trying to play with that exactly.

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<v Speaker 6>I think that it's sort of a double edged store.

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<v Speaker 6>Target always tried to be like, you know, better quality,

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<v Speaker 6>higher end, but still affordable. And I think what they're

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<v Speaker 6>realizing is right now the customers really focusing on the

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<v Speaker 6>affordable and they're really focusing on the basics. So they're

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<v Speaker 6>going head to head on that piece.

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<v Speaker 4>Is there still too many stores out there, department stores

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<v Speaker 4>or big box I mean, particularly the department stores. I've

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<v Speaker 4>always heard like in the department stores. There's still too

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<v Speaker 4>many stores in America, but now maybe the pandemic solved

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<v Speaker 4>for that. I don't know.

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<v Speaker 3>Well, I think part of the challenge is, you know,

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<v Speaker 3>Macy's did announce one hundred and fifty store closures, so

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<v Speaker 3>they're definitely that's big. That's a big hit for them.

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<v Speaker 3>I think a lot of it is, you know, when

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<v Speaker 3>you think about stores, you also think about location and

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<v Speaker 3>real estate, and you.

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<v Speaker 2>Know, what are the top malls.

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<v Speaker 3>There's obviously you know, it's not just there there are

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<v Speaker 3>too many stores. Is that there are too many malls

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<v Speaker 3>and people aren't going to those malls, but there are

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<v Speaker 3>some shining places. So I think it's about like finding

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<v Speaker 3>the winners and having a smaller sharper footprint versus so

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<v Speaker 3>many doors.

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<v Speaker 2>And it was interesting you say that, Paul, because some

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<v Speaker 2>of these malls are being anchored by Target. So you

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<v Speaker 2>also have to wonder if Target has to retrench a

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<v Speaker 2>little bit here, what does that wind up meaning then

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<v Speaker 2>for the mall what would be good from Target when

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<v Speaker 2>they report?

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<v Speaker 3>So I think the expectation is that they're going to

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<v Speaker 3>be up slightly about one percent, but we'll have to see.

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<v Speaker 3>I mean, I do think that this news of better

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<v Speaker 3>pricing is going to have an impact on them?

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<v Speaker 2>Mean yeah, meaning that that would be helpful volume, but

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<v Speaker 2>then obviously not with margins correct, So interesting, where.

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<v Speaker 4>Do we go from here for retail? I mean, what's

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<v Speaker 4>your takeaway on the consumer?

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<v Speaker 7>Here?

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<v Speaker 4>The consumer seems like it's I guess that K shaped

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<v Speaker 4>economy where some small percentage are doing quite well, particularly

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<v Speaker 4>those that don't said stocks, bonds, houses, and everybody else

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<v Speaker 4>is really feel into pain. Is that what you're hearing

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<v Speaker 4>from the retailers?

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<v Speaker 6>Absolutely?

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<v Speaker 3>I think that there is this sort of biffurcation of

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<v Speaker 3>like the have and the have nots, And so for

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<v Speaker 3>some consumers it's a small group, but they're very profitable.

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<v Speaker 3>They're doing okay, they're still spending, they're still going to Bloomingdale's,

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<v Speaker 3>they're still buying their targe, And for others, they're really struggling.

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<v Speaker 3>And I think it's sort of come to that breaking

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<v Speaker 3>point where when you start to see stores lowering prices

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<v Speaker 3>there's a real pressure from the consumer.

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<v Speaker 5>Good point, yeah, but.

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<v Speaker 2>Then obviously hurts the margins and then it's like as

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<v Speaker 2>a stock investor, you're like, well, do I like that

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<v Speaker 2>volume versus margins in your experience when the retail sector,

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<v Speaker 2>which ones are kind of crushing it right now, because

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<v Speaker 2>it does seem to me that what names that people

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<v Speaker 2>like are very targeted, right like a specialty retail store

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<v Speaker 2>is the winner? Is that true?

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<v Speaker 8>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 3>I mean the first name that comes to mind is

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<v Speaker 3>Sephora and how it continues to outperform. You know, there's

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<v Speaker 3>a lot of talk about Sephora kids, but.

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<v Speaker 4>You just see, so what's a kid?

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<v Speaker 3>So a Sephora kid is my twelve year old daughter

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<v Speaker 3>who enjoys spending hours at Sephora. But guess what it

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<v Speaker 3>means she buys? It means I buy. And I do

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<v Speaker 3>think that there is an interesting approach where you know,

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<v Speaker 3>these gen Z consumers that everybody thought, well, they don't

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<v Speaker 3>really have that much disposable income, but guess what they

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<v Speaker 3>bring along others?

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<v Speaker 2>And have you ever seen the line and over here

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<v Speaker 2>their story always a long line depths of the pandemic lockdown,

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<v Speaker 2>I mean ground zero, the lockdown people in support.

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<v Speaker 4>A they didn't close the store, and B there were

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<v Speaker 4>people in there, I mean triple massed up or whatever.

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<v Speaker 4>They were there and they were in our chocolate store downstairs.

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<v Speaker 2>You know what we do, Paul, We invest in our face, yes, yes,

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<v Speaker 2>and that comes in many different forms. And after we

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<v Speaker 2>go eat chocolate, and that is what we do. Very good,

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<v Speaker 2>all right, good stuff. Thanks a lot, really appreciate it.

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<v Speaker 2>Rachel Tenbring joining us. I'm a partner over at Red

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<v Speaker 2>Bike Capital. We'll see how those numbers wind up stacking up.

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<v Speaker 1>You're listening to the Bloomberg Intelligence Podcast. Catch us live

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<v Speaker 5>Let's top Low's.

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<v Speaker 4>I mean I went to I've been to a Low's

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<v Speaker 4>and now I had not been to a Walmart until

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<v Speaker 4>this past Sunday, but I've been to Lolaise. Now I'm

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<v Speaker 4>not John Tucker, but I know my way around a Lows.

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<v Speaker 4>Drew reading those his way around the Lows. He's the

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<v Speaker 4>home building autost of Bloomberg Intelligence. Joining us from Princeton,

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<v Speaker 4>New Jersey. Forgot about the whole New Jersey transit can

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<v Speaker 4>get into New York City thing?

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<v Speaker 2>No, apparently not today. It's really. Oh yeah, it already

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<v Speaker 2>broken down.

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<v Speaker 4>It's like I'm just ignoring it and hoping it'll be

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<v Speaker 4>fine by the time I leave here.

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<v Speaker 5>That's my That's how I'm approaching this.

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<v Speaker 4>Drew talk to us about Low's here. Are people still

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<v Speaker 4>kind of remodeling their basements.

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<v Speaker 8>Yeah, So the quarter was a little bit of a

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<v Speaker 8>tug of war between sales and margins, and I think

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<v Speaker 8>you're seeing that reflected in the stock today. Same store

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<v Speaker 8>sales were down about four percent, which was better than

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<v Speaker 8>the five to six percent decline consensus was looking for.

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<v Speaker 8>But part of that sales performance was due to the

0:11:13.240 --> 0:11:15.640
<v Speaker 8>fact that there was a more promotional environment out there.

0:11:16.080 --> 0:11:19.160
<v Speaker 8>If you think back to when Home Depot reported last week,

0:11:19.320 --> 0:11:22.000
<v Speaker 8>they cite a late start to spring as something that

0:11:22.080 --> 0:11:24.960
<v Speaker 8>muted sales. Lows actually said Spring got off to a

0:11:24.960 --> 0:11:27.160
<v Speaker 8>good start, and that has to do with them being

0:11:27.240 --> 0:11:30.760
<v Speaker 8>more aggressive on promotions as part of their Spring Fest,

0:11:31.559 --> 0:11:33.680
<v Speaker 8>and I think that really speaks to you know, what

0:11:33.720 --> 0:11:36.520
<v Speaker 8>we're seeing really across the retail landscape with the consumer,

0:11:36.559 --> 0:11:39.320
<v Speaker 8>and that's that they're looking for value wherever they could

0:11:39.320 --> 0:11:42.680
<v Speaker 8>get it. Now. They did reaffirm their full year operating

0:11:42.720 --> 0:11:44.880
<v Speaker 8>margin guidance, but that's going to require the company to

0:11:44.920 --> 0:11:48.280
<v Speaker 8>execute on some internal initiatives. In the back half of

0:11:48.320 --> 0:11:52.320
<v Speaker 8>the year, Low's has made good progress in improving their

0:11:52.400 --> 0:11:55.360
<v Speaker 8>their margin profile and them narrowing the gap with Home

0:11:55.400 --> 0:11:58.800
<v Speaker 8>Depot has really been a key that investors have kind of,

0:11:59.000 --> 0:12:01.480
<v Speaker 8>you know, grasped onto. So the fact that they're taking

0:12:01.480 --> 0:12:04.240
<v Speaker 8>a little bit of a step back here maybe making

0:12:04.280 --> 0:12:05.280
<v Speaker 8>them a little bit uneasy.

0:12:06.120 --> 0:12:09.360
<v Speaker 2>When how much would the stock have to rerate for

0:12:09.760 --> 0:12:13.160
<v Speaker 2>investors and analysts to say, okay, fine, the margins are suffering,

0:12:13.160 --> 0:12:14.960
<v Speaker 2>but at least the volume and the sales are there.

0:12:16.760 --> 0:12:19.840
<v Speaker 8>Yeah, well, the stock is still trading above you know,

0:12:19.880 --> 0:12:21.760
<v Speaker 8>the ten year average, even if you go back to

0:12:22.320 --> 0:12:25.480
<v Speaker 8>prior to the pandemic, So from a pure valuation perspective,

0:12:26.640 --> 0:12:29.160
<v Speaker 8>you know, it's still a little bit elevated. That being said,

0:12:29.200 --> 0:12:31.400
<v Speaker 8>I mean, if you take a step back, the move

0:12:31.440 --> 0:12:34.160
<v Speaker 8>they've made on margins and narrowing the gap with home

0:12:34.200 --> 0:12:36.440
<v Speaker 8>Depot has been impressive over the last couple of years.

0:12:36.520 --> 0:12:39.160
<v Speaker 8>So I think, you know, the bulls would argue that

0:12:39.200 --> 0:12:41.760
<v Speaker 8>this is kind of a one off, and as we

0:12:41.760 --> 0:12:44.440
<v Speaker 8>get to the back half of the year, margins start

0:12:44.480 --> 0:12:48.600
<v Speaker 8>to improve as they implement some of their PPI initiatives,

0:12:49.840 --> 0:12:52.400
<v Speaker 8>and in terms of sales, you know, we're not expecting

0:12:52.400 --> 0:12:56.080
<v Speaker 8>a huge rebound in sales this year and the second

0:12:56.160 --> 0:12:58.640
<v Speaker 8>half comps will definitely get easier. But even Lows has

0:12:58.679 --> 0:13:02.280
<v Speaker 8>stated that comps may turn positive, but that's not a

0:13:02.320 --> 0:13:06.240
<v Speaker 8>reflection of an improved demand environment. It's strictly a reflection

0:13:06.360 --> 0:13:08.840
<v Speaker 8>of easier comps. So we think as we get into

0:13:08.840 --> 0:13:11.400
<v Speaker 8>twenty twenty five, that's when we would expect the market

0:13:11.440 --> 0:13:13.400
<v Speaker 8>to see more of a turn, as we get more

0:13:13.400 --> 0:13:15.240
<v Speaker 8>of a rebound and existing home sales.

0:13:16.320 --> 0:13:19.360
<v Speaker 4>How about lumber, That's something they buy a lot of.

0:13:19.800 --> 0:13:22.280
<v Speaker 4>How's the cost of lumber these days? How's that impacting

0:13:22.600 --> 0:13:23.720
<v Speaker 4>their margins?

0:13:24.040 --> 0:13:26.880
<v Speaker 8>Yeah, lumber is about ten percent of sales for both

0:13:26.920 --> 0:13:30.680
<v Speaker 8>Home Depot and Lows. Lumber was really more of a

0:13:30.720 --> 0:13:33.760
<v Speaker 8>story last year was extremely volatile, so you saw the

0:13:33.760 --> 0:13:37.360
<v Speaker 8>impact on their top line. There not so much of

0:13:37.400 --> 0:13:40.640
<v Speaker 8>a story this year. I think commodity particularly lumber, are

0:13:40.640 --> 0:13:42.600
<v Speaker 8>going to have less of an impact in the near term.

0:13:43.640 --> 0:13:46.080
<v Speaker 2>So you feel like we're not going to really see

0:13:46.400 --> 0:13:48.640
<v Speaker 2>a benefit in HOLD twenty twenty five. I mean, some

0:13:48.720 --> 0:13:50.360
<v Speaker 2>analysts are looking for the back half of this year.

0:13:50.360 --> 0:13:52.160
<v Speaker 2>Maybe some improvement. But for you it's really like a

0:13:52.240 --> 0:13:53.200
<v Speaker 2>year out kind of thing.

0:13:54.480 --> 0:13:56.280
<v Speaker 8>Well, I think as we get to the end of

0:13:56.320 --> 0:13:58.040
<v Speaker 8>this year, I think you'll start to see a little

0:13:58.080 --> 0:14:00.439
<v Speaker 8>bit of a turn, and a lot of that predicate

0:14:00.559 --> 0:14:03.760
<v Speaker 8>upon with what happens in the housing market. Obviously people

0:14:04.160 --> 0:14:05.920
<v Speaker 8>are looking for the FED to cut rates at some

0:14:06.000 --> 0:14:08.400
<v Speaker 8>point this year, obviously not as much as we had

0:14:08.640 --> 0:14:11.120
<v Speaker 8>hoped for previously. But we think that you know, when

0:14:11.120 --> 0:14:14.160
<v Speaker 8>you when you look at existing home sales, we're you know,

0:14:14.200 --> 0:14:17.040
<v Speaker 8>at the lowest levels in you know, more than two decades,

0:14:17.120 --> 0:14:19.880
<v Speaker 8>So there's not a whole lot lower we can go

0:14:20.160 --> 0:14:22.960
<v Speaker 8>absent you know, a broader economic decline where you start

0:14:23.000 --> 0:14:25.240
<v Speaker 8>to see a lot of job loss. So we think that,

0:14:25.360 --> 0:14:26.680
<v Speaker 8>you know, if rates come in a little bit, you

0:14:26.680 --> 0:14:28.720
<v Speaker 8>could kind of start to build a little momentum ending

0:14:28.760 --> 0:14:31.600
<v Speaker 8>this year carrying into next year. When we think, you know,

0:14:31.680 --> 0:14:34.480
<v Speaker 8>bigger picture about the home improvement market, there's some there's

0:14:34.480 --> 0:14:37.600
<v Speaker 8>some solid tail winds out there. You know, you have

0:14:37.760 --> 0:14:40.520
<v Speaker 8>homeowners who are sitting on record amount of home equity.

0:14:41.120 --> 0:14:42.840
<v Speaker 8>When you think about you know, the rise and home

0:14:42.880 --> 0:14:45.760
<v Speaker 8>prices we've seen over the last several years, you've got

0:14:45.760 --> 0:14:48.240
<v Speaker 8>an aging housing stock, and I think the fact that

0:14:48.320 --> 0:14:51.760
<v Speaker 8>mobility has been so low because of those high interest

0:14:51.840 --> 0:14:54.520
<v Speaker 8>rates is going to continue to encourage people to invest

0:14:54.520 --> 0:14:56.640
<v Speaker 8>in their house and I think what kind of triggers

0:14:56.640 --> 0:14:58.400
<v Speaker 8>that is rates coming back in a little bit so

0:14:58.440 --> 0:15:00.520
<v Speaker 8>you can start to tap that equity.

0:15:01.440 --> 0:15:03.360
<v Speaker 4>True, how many stores as Lows have and are they

0:15:03.520 --> 0:15:07.080
<v Speaker 4>adding stores? Are they pairing backstores? Kind of worthy with

0:15:07.120 --> 0:15:08.200
<v Speaker 4>their store count these days?

0:15:08.600 --> 0:15:12.360
<v Speaker 8>Yeah, so they're under two thousand. It's an interesting dynamic.

0:15:12.480 --> 0:15:16.160
<v Speaker 8>So their competitor, Home Depot, is actually embarking on their

0:15:16.160 --> 0:15:19.200
<v Speaker 8>first store expansion in a long time. Lows, on the

0:15:19.200 --> 0:15:21.200
<v Speaker 8>other hand, has cut back. They got out of their

0:15:21.200 --> 0:15:24.800
<v Speaker 8>Canadian business, which reduced their store a count. But what

0:15:24.840 --> 0:15:28.320
<v Speaker 8>they're doing from a store perspective is really introducing new formats.

0:15:28.360 --> 0:15:32.160
<v Speaker 8>So they're starting to go after the rural customer. Their

0:15:32.200 --> 0:15:35.760
<v Speaker 8>stores tend to be located in more rural locations compared

0:15:35.760 --> 0:15:39.000
<v Speaker 8>to Home Depot, which are more densely populated locations, and

0:15:39.000 --> 0:15:41.720
<v Speaker 8>they found success with that, so they're starting to compete

0:15:41.720 --> 0:15:44.640
<v Speaker 8>more with the tractor supplies of the world. They're also

0:15:44.760 --> 0:15:50.640
<v Speaker 8>introducing Low's outlets, So if you think of you know,

0:15:51.160 --> 0:15:53.840
<v Speaker 8>appliances that might have things and scratches. You could go

0:15:53.880 --> 0:15:56.840
<v Speaker 8>there and get heavily discounted items, and that's another way

0:15:56.880 --> 0:15:59.600
<v Speaker 8>they're looking to kind of, you know, drive traffic through

0:15:59.640 --> 0:16:00.360
<v Speaker 8>the lows brand.

0:16:00.520 --> 0:16:03.600
<v Speaker 2>Okay, now you're speaking my language. You put outlet there,

0:16:03.640 --> 0:16:06.120
<v Speaker 2>and I'm like, boom, we will go find things that

0:16:06.160 --> 0:16:06.680
<v Speaker 2>are cool.

0:16:06.760 --> 0:16:07.760
<v Speaker 5>I don't do outlets either.

0:16:08.000 --> 0:16:08.280
<v Speaker 9>You don't.

0:16:08.400 --> 0:16:11.560
<v Speaker 2>I know, you don't do outlets. That's my thing. It's

0:16:11.640 --> 0:16:14.400
<v Speaker 2>just my thing. Even if I had a bazillion dollars,

0:16:14.440 --> 0:16:16.080
<v Speaker 2>I wouldn't pay full price. Part of the hunt.

0:16:16.200 --> 0:16:16.640
<v Speaker 6>Okay.

0:16:17.200 --> 0:16:20.400
<v Speaker 2>AnyWho so drew based on all this, If I wanted

0:16:20.400 --> 0:16:23.320
<v Speaker 2>to play this housing market right now, what is the

0:16:23.320 --> 0:16:25.440
<v Speaker 2>best play? And I say that because it's not like

0:16:25.480 --> 0:16:29.320
<v Speaker 2>the housing market that the demand isn't there, the supply

0:16:29.520 --> 0:16:32.120
<v Speaker 2>might not be there. The costs are a little too high,

0:16:32.240 --> 0:16:35.480
<v Speaker 2>mortgage rates are too high, but eventually it'll normalize. What's

0:16:35.520 --> 0:16:37.160
<v Speaker 2>the best way to capitalize.

0:16:38.360 --> 0:16:41.800
<v Speaker 8>We think right now kind of sitting at the top

0:16:41.840 --> 0:16:46.680
<v Speaker 8>of the broader housing ecosystem is the home builders. We think,

0:16:46.840 --> 0:16:49.200
<v Speaker 8>you know, from a supply perspective, they're in a good

0:16:49.200 --> 0:16:52.600
<v Speaker 8>position their ability to buy down mortgage rates and make

0:16:52.680 --> 0:16:56.640
<v Speaker 8>payments more palatable to the consumers is something that differentiates

0:16:57.040 --> 0:16:59.960
<v Speaker 8>them versus the resale market. They're going to grow community

0:17:00.040 --> 0:17:02.160
<v Speaker 8>accounts in the coming years, so we really think that

0:17:02.200 --> 0:17:05.400
<v Speaker 8>they're still in a good position from a competitive perspective.

0:17:05.440 --> 0:17:07.400
<v Speaker 8>And when you look at you know, within the home

0:17:07.400 --> 0:17:11.160
<v Speaker 8>building space, you have the large, well capitalized, publicly traded

0:17:11.200 --> 0:17:14.399
<v Speaker 8>homebuilders who have access to land, access to labor, and

0:17:14.400 --> 0:17:17.399
<v Speaker 8>you compare that versus the smaller private piers, and you

0:17:17.440 --> 0:17:20.080
<v Speaker 8>have to remember home building is a very fragmented industry,

0:17:20.840 --> 0:17:24.520
<v Speaker 8>particularly outside some of the largest markets. But those smaller

0:17:24.600 --> 0:17:28.280
<v Speaker 8>private peers tend to rely on regional banks for growth

0:17:28.320 --> 0:17:31.760
<v Speaker 8>capital and with you know, a slowing economy and more

0:17:31.800 --> 0:17:34.679
<v Speaker 8>concern there, you're starting to see a poolback and lending.

0:17:34.720 --> 0:17:37.119
<v Speaker 8>So we think it's a good opportunity for those larger

0:17:37.119 --> 0:17:38.560
<v Speaker 8>builders to continue to take share.

0:17:39.359 --> 0:17:41.520
<v Speaker 2>Great stuff. Drew, really appreciate it. Thank you so much

0:17:41.600 --> 0:17:45.640
<v Speaker 2>to reading Bloomberg Intelligence US home Building Analyst. Joining us there.

0:17:48.119 --> 0:17:52.000
<v Speaker 1>You're listening to the Bloomberg Intelligence podcast. Catch us live

0:17:52.080 --> 0:17:55.400
<v Speaker 1>weekdays at ten am Eastern on Focarplay and rout outo

0:17:55.520 --> 0:17:58.399
<v Speaker 1>with the Bloomberg Business app. Listen on demand wherever you

0:17:58.480 --> 0:18:02.160
<v Speaker 1>get your podcasts, or just live on YouTube.

0:18:03.160 --> 0:18:06.360
<v Speaker 2>This is Bloomberg Intelligence Radio. I'm Alex C alongside Paul

0:18:06.400 --> 0:18:08.879
<v Speaker 2>Sweeney and John Tucker. We bring you all the news

0:18:08.880 --> 0:18:11.360
<v Speaker 2>in finance and economics through our lens of our Bloomberg

0:18:11.359 --> 0:18:14.720
<v Speaker 2>Intelligence analysts. They cover about two thousand companies one hundred

0:18:14.720 --> 0:18:17.080
<v Speaker 2>and thirty industries worldwide. We also use this time to

0:18:17.080 --> 0:18:19.840
<v Speaker 2>talk about stuff that Paul and I are interested in,

0:18:19.960 --> 0:18:23.399
<v Speaker 2>so media, maybe some retail, maybe some sports, oh and

0:18:23.520 --> 0:18:26.960
<v Speaker 2>maybe some energy. Joining us in studio is a doctor

0:18:27.040 --> 0:18:31.919
<v Speaker 2>Jeff Chamberlain. He is CEO of Volta Energy Technologies. I

0:18:31.920 --> 0:18:33.440
<v Speaker 2>don't know what that is, so I'm going to learn

0:18:33.440 --> 0:18:37.120
<v Speaker 2>about it, doctor Jeff Chamberlain. Welcome, thank you for joining us.

0:18:37.520 --> 0:18:39.720
<v Speaker 2>What is Volta Energy Technologies?

0:18:39.960 --> 0:18:42.680
<v Speaker 5>Well, thank you Alex for having me. Volta Energy Technologies

0:18:42.720 --> 0:18:44.720
<v Speaker 5>is a venture capital firm that we spun out of

0:18:44.880 --> 0:18:48.600
<v Speaker 5>Argon National Laboratory, which is one of the seventeen Department

0:18:48.600 --> 0:18:51.040
<v Speaker 5>of Energy labs and the lead in battery and storage

0:18:51.040 --> 0:18:53.440
<v Speaker 5>tech and development for vehicles and for the grid.

0:18:53.840 --> 0:18:57.160
<v Speaker 2>So that means that you are trying to find good

0:18:57.240 --> 0:19:01.440
<v Speaker 2>battery storage solutions that we can adopt on a cheaper scale.

0:19:02.040 --> 0:19:03.639
<v Speaker 7>YEP, that's going. That's it.

0:19:03.680 --> 0:19:07.160
<v Speaker 5>Basically. And I'll tell you the big thing that we've

0:19:07.200 --> 0:19:10.040
<v Speaker 5>noticed is a couple of things. One is, a lot

0:19:10.040 --> 0:19:12.639
<v Speaker 5>of people are focused on the downstream device. Who's going

0:19:12.680 --> 0:19:14.280
<v Speaker 5>to be the next big electric, who's going to be

0:19:14.320 --> 0:19:16.880
<v Speaker 5>the next Tesla, who's going to be the next Panasonic

0:19:17.000 --> 0:19:20.400
<v Speaker 5>or CTL in terms of the battery manufacturing. But before

0:19:20.440 --> 0:19:22.159
<v Speaker 5>I worked for the government, I worked in the chip industry,

0:19:22.160 --> 0:19:24.280
<v Speaker 5>and we expect this to go just like the chip industry,

0:19:24.280 --> 0:19:27.120
<v Speaker 5>where costs down will be king, and cost down will

0:19:27.119 --> 0:19:30.760
<v Speaker 5>come from innovations in the supply chain and in the adjacencies,

0:19:30.800 --> 0:19:33.960
<v Speaker 5>things like fast charge, things like power electronics on board

0:19:34.000 --> 0:19:37.000
<v Speaker 5>the vehicle, new ways to make batteries, all the way

0:19:37.040 --> 0:19:40.240
<v Speaker 5>upstream to mining lithium. So while the while a lot

0:19:40.280 --> 0:19:43.960
<v Speaker 5>of investors tend to be focused on those very downstream devices,

0:19:44.000 --> 0:19:46.879
<v Speaker 5>the truth is lithium is king and it will be

0:19:47.000 --> 0:19:50.600
<v Speaker 5>for decades going forward, just like oil and gas has

0:19:50.600 --> 0:19:53.359
<v Speaker 5>been king for a century, just like silicon has been

0:19:53.400 --> 0:19:56.679
<v Speaker 5>king in the semiconnuctor industry and yet created trillions of

0:19:56.680 --> 0:20:00.560
<v Speaker 5>dollars of wealth by modifications and wealth generally in the

0:20:00.600 --> 0:20:03.840
<v Speaker 5>supply chain and in the adjacencies. So it's going well,

0:20:03.880 --> 0:20:06.000
<v Speaker 5>We're finding a lot of good tech. Where does lithium

0:20:06.040 --> 0:20:09.240
<v Speaker 5>come from? And then how are you investing in that? Yeah,

0:20:09.240 --> 0:20:11.200
<v Speaker 5>if we go all the way upstream, let me start

0:20:11.200 --> 0:20:14.080
<v Speaker 5>by saying, there is no better time for investors in

0:20:14.119 --> 0:20:16.280
<v Speaker 5>the private markets. And this is a counter two to

0:20:16.359 --> 0:20:18.920
<v Speaker 5>thought from what you read in the mainstream media. Investing

0:20:18.920 --> 0:20:21.840
<v Speaker 5>in the kinds of technologies that we're investing in because

0:20:21.880 --> 0:20:24.920
<v Speaker 5>the needs of the end users are increasing, and by

0:20:24.960 --> 0:20:28.240
<v Speaker 5>needs I mean lowering costs and improving performance. There's a reason

0:20:28.320 --> 0:20:31.240
<v Speaker 5>one week ago today the Biden administration put in tariffs

0:20:31.720 --> 0:20:34.600
<v Speaker 5>that are one hundred percent for electric vehicles coming from China.

0:20:35.359 --> 0:20:39.159
<v Speaker 5>That happened because the US automotive groups lobbied for that

0:20:39.280 --> 0:20:42.640
<v Speaker 5>to happen. They know those cars will sell. A lot

0:20:42.640 --> 0:20:45.280
<v Speaker 5>of the mainstream media says nobody wants to buy electric vehicles.

0:20:45.560 --> 0:20:48.840
<v Speaker 5>They just leave off the second phrase unless they're lower costs.

0:20:50.040 --> 0:20:52.000
<v Speaker 5>But when we go all the way back up to mining,

0:20:52.040 --> 0:20:54.440
<v Speaker 5>it's notable what the big companies are doing. Last fall,

0:20:54.520 --> 0:20:57.520
<v Speaker 5>after I was here talking to Paul, actually Exon announced

0:20:57.520 --> 0:21:00.520
<v Speaker 5>that they want to become lithium suppliers. They're going to

0:21:00.560 --> 0:21:04.120
<v Speaker 5>do it is to leverage their own downhole and refining

0:21:04.160 --> 0:21:07.720
<v Speaker 5>capabilities and to adopt and scale something called direct lithium

0:21:07.720 --> 0:21:11.280
<v Speaker 5>extraction or in my industry they call it DLE daily.

0:21:12.520 --> 0:21:15.560
<v Speaker 5>It's a new way to extract and refine lithium and

0:21:15.640 --> 0:21:18.240
<v Speaker 5>it's like it sounds, it's direct. If you can remove

0:21:18.359 --> 0:21:21.399
<v Speaker 5>process steps and use less water, use less energy, you

0:21:21.560 --> 0:21:24.960
<v Speaker 5>end up with a lower cost production. So prices of

0:21:25.000 --> 0:21:28.200
<v Speaker 5>lithium in the market have been fluctuating substantially these last

0:21:28.200 --> 0:21:31.520
<v Speaker 5>five six years, where the cost of manufacturing has stayed

0:21:31.520 --> 0:21:31.960
<v Speaker 5>the same.

0:21:32.760 --> 0:21:35.680
<v Speaker 2>So where you guys would play in that, for example,

0:21:35.760 --> 0:21:38.600
<v Speaker 2>like I know that's Exxon's investment, you'd be investing in

0:21:38.600 --> 0:21:41.720
<v Speaker 2>the technology that would make direct to mining lithium precisely.

0:21:41.880 --> 0:21:44.240
<v Speaker 5>Precisely. In our fund one, we invested in a company

0:21:44.280 --> 0:21:47.840
<v Speaker 5>called Summit Nanotech and Canada that is now scaling in

0:21:47.920 --> 0:21:50.640
<v Speaker 5>Chile with one of the big lithium suppliers to supply

0:21:50.800 --> 0:21:52.440
<v Speaker 5>that tech to lower the cost.

0:21:52.240 --> 0:21:56.000
<v Speaker 2>When you go fully, when you go further up the

0:21:56.040 --> 0:21:58.280
<v Speaker 2>supply chain, is that where it lands for you in

0:21:58.359 --> 0:22:01.040
<v Speaker 2>lithium you're not looking at like graph or cobalt or

0:22:01.080 --> 0:22:01.760
<v Speaker 2>other stuff.

0:22:01.920 --> 0:22:04.880
<v Speaker 5>Yes, thanks Alex, you know they claim, Paul and as

0:22:04.880 --> 0:22:06.640
<v Speaker 5>claimed they don't know a lot here, but they clearly do.

0:22:06.960 --> 0:22:08.720
<v Speaker 2>Yes, I know, I know, I lot.

0:22:11.920 --> 0:22:19.480
<v Speaker 5>That's great. That's just by Midwestern heritage speaking their modesty.

0:22:19.600 --> 0:22:22.280
<v Speaker 5>But the the the answer is we look at it all.

0:22:22.600 --> 0:22:25.840
<v Speaker 5>Graph fight, it's it's fascinating. Even graphite. There is not

0:22:25.880 --> 0:22:31.000
<v Speaker 5>only a tightening on the supply, but it's mostly in China.

0:22:31.480 --> 0:22:34.119
<v Speaker 5>So there's massive moves for the supply chains coming out

0:22:34.160 --> 0:22:36.600
<v Speaker 5>of China being localized for cost reasons as well as

0:22:36.600 --> 0:22:40.080
<v Speaker 5>geopolitical reasons. But we look at it all from from graphite,

0:22:40.200 --> 0:22:43.479
<v Speaker 5>cobalt sulfur actually is a technology that can be used

0:22:43.480 --> 0:22:47.280
<v Speaker 5>in batteries lithium, and then downstream from that to things

0:22:47.280 --> 0:22:49.920
<v Speaker 5>like new microchips that enable power control and can lower

0:22:50.000 --> 0:22:51.240
<v Speaker 5>the cost of electric vehicles.

0:22:51.720 --> 0:22:55.399
<v Speaker 4>Do we need to be concerned about the security of

0:22:55.440 --> 0:23:00.640
<v Speaker 4>the resources for all these electric vehicle components, like are

0:23:00.640 --> 0:23:02.720
<v Speaker 4>they in China that that's a risk or are there

0:23:02.760 --> 0:23:04.359
<v Speaker 4>in parts of the world where it's a risk to

0:23:04.400 --> 0:23:05.960
<v Speaker 4>the US and others?

0:23:06.040 --> 0:23:09.320
<v Speaker 5>Is that a risk? The short answer is yes, there's

0:23:09.320 --> 0:23:12.479
<v Speaker 5>a long or more nuanced ance or graphite and lithium

0:23:12.520 --> 0:23:15.280
<v Speaker 5>in particular, depending on which material you're talking about, eighty

0:23:15.320 --> 0:23:17.679
<v Speaker 5>to ninety five percent of its processed in China, but

0:23:17.760 --> 0:23:21.639
<v Speaker 5>it's not sourced in China, which means there really is

0:23:21.680 --> 0:23:24.880
<v Speaker 5>an opportunity, especially with the advent of technology that lowers

0:23:24.960 --> 0:23:28.600
<v Speaker 5>manufacturing costs, to move that supply chain out of China

0:23:28.680 --> 0:23:33.199
<v Speaker 5>because the resource itself is not in China. However, magnetic materials,

0:23:33.840 --> 0:23:36.760
<v Speaker 5>the core called rare earth elements that are used in

0:23:36.760 --> 0:23:40.439
<v Speaker 5>magnetic materials for electric motors, most of that is in China.

0:23:40.520 --> 0:23:43.480
<v Speaker 5>So there's been a ten to twenty year research effort

0:23:43.680 --> 0:23:46.240
<v Speaker 5>in the Western world to find to develop new magnets

0:23:46.280 --> 0:23:48.760
<v Speaker 5>that don't require rare earths, and those are all going

0:23:48.800 --> 0:23:51.000
<v Speaker 5>to becoming commercial in the next three to five years

0:23:51.000 --> 0:23:51.400
<v Speaker 5>as well.

0:23:52.000 --> 0:23:56.280
<v Speaker 2>I was talking to a graphie producer yesterday who doesn't

0:23:57.080 --> 0:24:00.480
<v Speaker 2>and he was talking about the tariffs or put on.

0:24:00.560 --> 0:24:03.119
<v Speaker 2>I know you mentioned EV's in particular, but then the

0:24:03.240 --> 0:24:07.440
<v Speaker 2>nuance of say the raw materials going to Canada or Mexico,

0:24:08.119 --> 0:24:10.360
<v Speaker 2>and then because we have a free trade agreement, they

0:24:10.440 --> 0:24:12.320
<v Speaker 2>just come into the US. And so there's a huge

0:24:12.320 --> 0:24:16.919
<v Speaker 2>price discrepancy versus what you're willing to pay for localized

0:24:17.280 --> 0:24:20.840
<v Speaker 2>materials versus how cheap China can get it. How do

0:24:20.880 --> 0:24:23.000
<v Speaker 2>you solve for that because that's really going to be

0:24:23.040 --> 0:24:25.879
<v Speaker 2>about lowering the costs, which is really technology, which is

0:24:25.880 --> 0:24:26.360
<v Speaker 2>really you.

0:24:27.119 --> 0:24:30.280
<v Speaker 5>It's really a good question, and I'm not being a politician.

0:24:30.480 --> 0:24:32.920
<v Speaker 5>I don't know how to handle it from a policy

0:24:32.960 --> 0:24:36.000
<v Speaker 5>perspective because there are loopholes that you can go through

0:24:36.040 --> 0:24:39.119
<v Speaker 5>in Mexico and Canada, et cetera. Ultimately, the answer is

0:24:39.160 --> 0:24:41.760
<v Speaker 5>things like graphite. There's graphite all over the world. That

0:24:41.920 --> 0:24:45.000
<v Speaker 5>the largest graphite mine in North America is in Becancoorp,

0:24:45.520 --> 0:24:48.960
<v Speaker 5>north of Montreal, and that's natural graphite. There's also something

0:24:49.000 --> 0:24:52.320
<v Speaker 5>called synthetic graphite where you can manufacture the graph height

0:24:52.520 --> 0:24:55.159
<v Speaker 5>from carbon, and there are big oil producers that are

0:24:55.160 --> 0:24:57.040
<v Speaker 5>looking at doing that as well, right to grow their

0:24:57.040 --> 0:24:59.480
<v Speaker 5>business in that direction. So in my view as a

0:24:59.640 --> 0:25:03.119
<v Speaker 5>technical and as a technology investor, it is fine the

0:25:03.200 --> 0:25:06.760
<v Speaker 5>innovations that can lower the cost for localized supply. And

0:25:06.800 --> 0:25:08.600
<v Speaker 5>I think there'll be bumps in the road between now

0:25:08.640 --> 0:25:10.639
<v Speaker 5>an adoption of that technology in terms of what's happening

0:25:10.760 --> 0:25:14.159
<v Speaker 5>worldwide geopolitics, but I think ultimately it's localized supply that

0:25:14.200 --> 0:25:15.280
<v Speaker 5>will win the game.

0:25:16.400 --> 0:25:20.720
<v Speaker 4>Where does mister Tesla get his batteries, Where's Elon Musk

0:25:20.720 --> 0:25:21.719
<v Speaker 4>get his batteries for his car.

0:25:22.880 --> 0:25:24.880
<v Speaker 5>You know, I used to joke on Capitol Hill when

0:25:24.880 --> 0:25:27.119
<v Speaker 5>I worked for the government that if you peel the

0:25:27.200 --> 0:25:30.880
<v Speaker 5>t off the factory, the gigafactory in Nevada, you see

0:25:30.880 --> 0:25:33.720
<v Speaker 5>a big Panasonic logo underneath it. Originally it was a

0:25:33.720 --> 0:25:37.560
<v Speaker 5>Panasonic deal that they cut and embedded themselves together in

0:25:37.600 --> 0:25:41.280
<v Speaker 5>supply chain. They since have expanded to LG and CTL

0:25:41.520 --> 0:25:45.000
<v Speaker 5>and others. So CTL is the big dominant battery supplier

0:25:45.040 --> 0:25:49.399
<v Speaker 5>in the electric vehicle supply chain that's in China. But they,

0:25:49.560 --> 0:25:52.240
<v Speaker 5>you know, they've onshore manufacturing, and as American citizen, I

0:25:52.240 --> 0:25:57.200
<v Speaker 5>don't think it's about even before IRA became an active Panasonic, LG, Samsung,

0:25:57.240 --> 0:25:59.600
<v Speaker 5>they'd all announced twenty gig one hours of manufacturing in

0:25:59.600 --> 0:25:59.920
<v Speaker 5>the US.

0:26:00.200 --> 0:26:01.960
<v Speaker 4>All right, Jeff, thanks so much for joining us. Doctor

0:26:02.000 --> 0:26:05.920
<v Speaker 4>Jeff Chairperlin, CEO Volta Energy Technologies, Joining s here on

0:26:05.920 --> 0:26:07.080
<v Speaker 4>a Bloomberg and Director Burgos.

0:26:08.240 --> 0:26:12.119
<v Speaker 1>You're listening to the Bloomberg Intelligence Podcast. Catch us live

0:26:12.200 --> 0:26:15.720
<v Speaker 1>weekdays at ten am Eastern on applecar Play and Android

0:26:15.760 --> 0:26:18.520
<v Speaker 1>Auto with the Bloomberg Business app. You can also listen

0:26:18.640 --> 0:26:21.760
<v Speaker 1>live on Amazon Alexa from our flagship New York station.

0:26:22.119 --> 0:26:24.879
<v Speaker 1>Just say, Alexa, play Bloomberg eleven thirty.

0:26:26.400 --> 0:26:29.639
<v Speaker 2>I'm Alex seel longtied Paul Sweeney. This is Bloomberg Intelligence Radio.

0:26:29.680 --> 0:26:31.560
<v Speaker 2>We make sure you're up to date on all the

0:26:31.600 --> 0:26:34.120
<v Speaker 2>news that you need to know in business and finance.

0:26:34.119 --> 0:26:36.480
<v Speaker 2>We have great analysts that cover at two thousand companies

0:26:36.520 --> 0:26:39.119
<v Speaker 2>and one hundred and thirty industries worldwide. We also have

0:26:39.160 --> 0:26:42.280
<v Speaker 2>a huge staple of reporters all around the world, and

0:26:42.280 --> 0:26:44.000
<v Speaker 2>we're going to one of them now on this story.

0:26:44.080 --> 0:26:50.119
<v Speaker 2>So apparently ASML and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing so TSMC have

0:26:50.320 --> 0:26:55.280
<v Speaker 2>ways to disable the world's most sophisticated chip making machines

0:26:55.359 --> 0:26:59.119
<v Speaker 2>in the event that China invades Taiwan. It's basically the

0:26:59.160 --> 0:27:01.120
<v Speaker 2>idea of here's a ca'll switch your press the button

0:27:01.119 --> 0:27:03.360
<v Speaker 2>and all of a sudden those machines stop working. Really,

0:27:03.440 --> 0:27:05.879
<v Speaker 2>it's something right, Isn't that sounding tucky, doesn't it?

0:27:05.880 --> 0:27:06.040
<v Speaker 8>Though?

0:27:06.119 --> 0:27:09.600
<v Speaker 2>Let's get to the guy behind the story. Deerdrik Basil

0:27:09.680 --> 0:27:12.720
<v Speaker 2>joins us Bloomberg Dutch government reporter. He joins us on

0:27:12.840 --> 0:27:14.879
<v Speaker 2>Zoom from Amsterdam. It's a real pleasure and I know

0:27:14.920 --> 0:27:17.040
<v Speaker 2>you're staying up late for us, so thank you very much.

0:27:17.080 --> 0:27:18.960
<v Speaker 2>As well, are working late for us? I should say,

0:27:19.520 --> 0:27:21.679
<v Speaker 2>walk us through this story? What do we know?

0:27:23.440 --> 0:27:26.760
<v Speaker 9>Hiah? Thanks for having me. Yeah, what we reported exactly

0:27:26.960 --> 0:27:31.000
<v Speaker 9>is that ASAML has a so called kill switch and

0:27:31.040 --> 0:27:35.280
<v Speaker 9>it can use it on his most sophisticated machine, does

0:27:35.320 --> 0:27:39.239
<v Speaker 9>the EUV machine or the extreme ultra hided machine. And

0:27:39.280 --> 0:27:43.360
<v Speaker 9>this basically means they can kill the machine remotely when

0:27:43.359 --> 0:27:47.760
<v Speaker 9>they choose to. And this capability was indeed discussed in

0:27:47.800 --> 0:27:51.880
<v Speaker 9>the context of a possible Taiwan invasion and was discussed

0:27:51.920 --> 0:27:56.000
<v Speaker 9>at least with the Dutch government. So yeah, it's an

0:27:56.040 --> 0:28:00.000
<v Speaker 9>important capability in a very sensitive geopolitical company.

0:28:01.119 --> 0:28:06.320
<v Speaker 4>So I guess it's it sounds good. I mean from

0:28:06.400 --> 0:28:09.360
<v Speaker 4>your reporting, is there a belief that this really can

0:28:09.440 --> 0:28:12.640
<v Speaker 4>be achieved, because it sounds like something that could be

0:28:13.720 --> 0:28:16.760
<v Speaker 4>I don't know, hijacked or something. It just it seems

0:28:16.800 --> 0:28:17.879
<v Speaker 4>like it's too good to be true.

0:28:20.400 --> 0:28:20.600
<v Speaker 8>Yeah.

0:28:20.760 --> 0:28:25.320
<v Speaker 9>The sort of thing is ACML has contact with when

0:28:25.359 --> 0:28:30.480
<v Speaker 9>the machines to do updates the machine need anyways, uh,

0:28:30.520 --> 0:28:33.639
<v Speaker 9>And this connection they have can also be used for

0:28:33.720 --> 0:28:36.800
<v Speaker 9>this capability. So it's not a building kill switch, but

0:28:36.840 --> 0:28:40.360
<v Speaker 9>it's a capability that can be used for different purposes.

0:28:40.840 --> 0:28:42.880
<v Speaker 9>And yet what we have heard is that a ISMAEL

0:28:43.000 --> 0:28:47.720
<v Speaker 9>has told government officials that they can do this if

0:28:47.840 --> 0:28:49.280
<v Speaker 9>that is what they decide to do.

0:28:49.440 --> 0:28:52.880
<v Speaker 2>So so I'm assuming though that officials say in China

0:28:53.000 --> 0:28:56.480
<v Speaker 2>might not like that, Like is that a legal thing

0:28:56.600 --> 0:28:56.880
<v Speaker 2>to do?

0:28:59.240 --> 0:29:03.160
<v Speaker 9>Yeah, Like an invasion is also not really legal, I guess,

0:29:03.200 --> 0:29:06.840
<v Speaker 9>so if you end up in such a context, you

0:29:06.880 --> 0:29:11.760
<v Speaker 9>need to ask different questions. But yeah, that's that's the

0:29:11.800 --> 0:29:15.600
<v Speaker 9>context we're talking about. If an invasion would happen, then

0:29:15.720 --> 0:29:17.000
<v Speaker 9>this is a possibility.

0:29:18.240 --> 0:29:23.000
<v Speaker 4>So but I guess today China is still a SML's

0:29:23.400 --> 0:29:26.120
<v Speaker 4>biggest market, isn't you know, even after some restrictions.

0:29:27.640 --> 0:29:31.320
<v Speaker 9>Yeah, close too. Yeah, like TMC is the biggest client,

0:29:31.400 --> 0:29:34.640
<v Speaker 9>but China as a as a country is definitely a

0:29:34.720 --> 0:29:37.760
<v Speaker 9>big market for as well. Yeah, so what are not

0:29:37.880 --> 0:29:40.320
<v Speaker 9>for this? Not for this machine though, not for the

0:29:40.360 --> 0:29:44.560
<v Speaker 9>eu V most sophisticated extreme ulti virus machine. That machine

0:29:44.600 --> 0:29:46.360
<v Speaker 9>isn't allowed to be exported to China.

0:29:46.760 --> 0:29:50.840
<v Speaker 2>Ah okay, So the machines that a SML does export

0:29:50.880 --> 0:29:53.480
<v Speaker 2>to China, does that have this quote unquote kill switch?

0:29:55.120 --> 0:29:57.120
<v Speaker 9>So this know, we were talking about the eu V.

0:29:57.400 --> 0:30:00.640
<v Speaker 9>So that's the most sophisticated machine, and you have plenty

0:30:00.680 --> 0:30:06.160
<v Speaker 9>of them in Taiwan, and that's why it's essential that

0:30:06.320 --> 0:30:10.400
<v Speaker 9>two let This capability exists in the context of the

0:30:10.440 --> 0:30:15.800
<v Speaker 9>Taiwan invasion, but has been subject to export control for

0:30:15.880 --> 0:30:19.280
<v Speaker 9>a while. They have been pushed by the US and

0:30:19.320 --> 0:30:22.760
<v Speaker 9>they have been mostly focused on this EUV machine. The

0:30:22.760 --> 0:30:26.920
<v Speaker 9>most sophisticated is no chip machines that he needs. Those

0:30:26.960 --> 0:30:30.320
<v Speaker 9>machines to the most phisticated chips you need for any

0:30:30.480 --> 0:30:35.040
<v Speaker 9>ai development or any military purpose, and those machines aren't

0:30:35.080 --> 0:30:36.040
<v Speaker 9>in China at the moment.

0:30:37.000 --> 0:30:39.840
<v Speaker 4>These machines aren't cheap, are they. What's one of these

0:30:39.840 --> 0:30:40.920
<v Speaker 4>big chip making machines.

0:30:40.960 --> 0:30:41.600
<v Speaker 5>What do they go for?

0:30:42.800 --> 0:30:45.120
<v Speaker 9>You said this, This eu V is I think it's

0:30:45.160 --> 0:30:48.600
<v Speaker 9>about like two hundred million apiece something like that.

0:30:49.000 --> 0:30:53.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And SML does something very unique, not very unique.

0:30:53.600 --> 0:30:56.200
<v Speaker 2>They do something unique in the semi space right there.

0:30:56.400 --> 0:30:59.080
<v Speaker 2>You can also license. It's a lithography, right, it's like

0:30:59.120 --> 0:31:00.880
<v Speaker 2>the machine you need to make the chips. Can you

0:31:00.920 --> 0:31:04.000
<v Speaker 2>walk me through what exactly that company does and then

0:31:04.040 --> 0:31:06.000
<v Speaker 2>why it becomes so important to the sector.

0:31:07.760 --> 0:31:12.240
<v Speaker 9>Yeah, So basically, ASML is the only company able to

0:31:12.320 --> 0:31:16.440
<v Speaker 9>make this machine, and like all the generation chip machines,

0:31:16.720 --> 0:31:18.600
<v Speaker 9>you have more company that they are able to make

0:31:18.640 --> 0:31:22.640
<v Speaker 9>those but to make the best chips with the lowest

0:31:22.880 --> 0:31:28.840
<v Speaker 9>nanometers you need for what I mentioned ai those machines

0:31:28.880 --> 0:31:30.880
<v Speaker 9>she needs for those chips. ASML at the moment is

0:31:30.920 --> 0:31:34.400
<v Speaker 9>the only company that can make them, so yeah, that

0:31:34.560 --> 0:31:39.240
<v Speaker 9>gives them an important, massive market position, and yeah, you

0:31:39.440 --> 0:31:42.560
<v Speaker 9>also end up in a geopolitical struggle as we see

0:31:42.600 --> 0:31:43.000
<v Speaker 9>right now.

0:31:43.200 --> 0:31:45.000
<v Speaker 4>Yep, absolutely all right, Dieterrek, thank you so much for

0:31:45.080 --> 0:31:49.320
<v Speaker 4>joining us. Die Derek Bazil, Dutch government reporter for Bloomberg News,

0:31:49.400 --> 0:31:54.360
<v Speaker 4>joining us from Amsterdam via zoom. Again, ASML TSMC big

0:31:54.440 --> 0:31:59.360
<v Speaker 4>chip makers, apparently they can disable chip machines if China

0:31:59.480 --> 0:32:02.440
<v Speaker 4>invades Taiwan. You think about that cybersecurity, and it just

0:32:02.520 --> 0:32:04.720
<v Speaker 4>kind of goes to the issue of this what seems

0:32:04.760 --> 0:32:09.120
<v Speaker 4>to be a growing technology cold war between you know,

0:32:09.200 --> 0:32:12.080
<v Speaker 4>it's called it China and the West broadly defined it.

0:32:12.200 --> 0:32:16.040
<v Speaker 4>I'm not sure how you do that, but again, governments

0:32:16.080 --> 0:32:19.280
<v Speaker 4>are making plans. Companies here we see from this reporting

0:32:19.600 --> 0:32:20.440
<v Speaker 4>are making plans.

0:32:20.480 --> 0:32:24.760
<v Speaker 2>But this also devetails with Vault Energy that we spoke

0:32:24.840 --> 0:32:28.440
<v Speaker 2>to in the last hour, So that company makes investments

0:32:28.840 --> 0:32:32.800
<v Speaker 2>in technology that can help reshore the supply chains for

0:32:32.880 --> 0:32:35.760
<v Speaker 2>batteries and storage. Right, So think like lithium, how to

0:32:35.840 --> 0:32:39.440
<v Speaker 2>extract lithium more cheaply and more cost efficiently. It's all

0:32:39.480 --> 0:32:43.120
<v Speaker 2>part of the same story. How do you decouple after

0:32:43.240 --> 0:32:46.920
<v Speaker 2>a few decades of coupling when you're a company, whether

0:32:46.960 --> 0:32:50.440
<v Speaker 2>it's tech, whether it's rare rare earths, whether it's another

0:32:50.480 --> 0:32:56.320
<v Speaker 2>asset as a CEO, how do you capital allocate from that?

0:32:56.480 --> 0:32:56.680
<v Speaker 8>Right?

0:32:56.720 --> 0:32:59.640
<v Speaker 2>Like some companies like a Caterpillar, they make their stuff,

0:32:59.760 --> 0:33:02.840
<v Speaker 2>they train technologies. For example, it's an age back company.

0:33:02.960 --> 0:33:05.160
<v Speaker 2>They make stuff in China and sell to China. Right,

0:33:05.160 --> 0:33:07.440
<v Speaker 2>So their China sales might be fine, and then maybe

0:33:07.480 --> 0:33:10.280
<v Speaker 2>you're you're insulated, but otherwise I would think it'd be

0:33:10.400 --> 0:33:11.400
<v Speaker 2>very very difficult.

0:33:11.840 --> 0:33:13.960
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, And you know, and one of the companies that

0:33:14.000 --> 0:33:16.800
<v Speaker 4>I think when I think of just China risk broadly defined,

0:33:16.960 --> 0:33:19.040
<v Speaker 4>I think of Apple. I mean, you know, twenty percent

0:33:19.080 --> 0:33:22.680
<v Speaker 4>of their sales go there. It's obviously a huge growth market.

0:33:22.840 --> 0:33:25.880
<v Speaker 4>It's also critical to the supply chain, as we just

0:33:25.920 --> 0:33:28.360
<v Speaker 4>kind of learned a little bit here from DEETS reporting

0:33:28.360 --> 0:33:31.560
<v Speaker 4>in terms of where the chips come from and where

0:33:31.600 --> 0:33:36.400
<v Speaker 4>their hardware is manufactured in China. If you're Tim Cook, boy,

0:33:36.440 --> 0:33:37.840
<v Speaker 4>I don't know how you manage that. I guess you

0:33:37.920 --> 0:33:38.360
<v Speaker 4>just kind of.

0:33:38.360 --> 0:33:39.160
<v Speaker 9>Go to India.

0:33:39.280 --> 0:33:41.280
<v Speaker 4>You go to India, but that's going to take a

0:33:41.600 --> 0:33:44.920
<v Speaker 4>long time as we're told to build that whole infrastructure out.

0:33:44.920 --> 0:33:46.840
<v Speaker 4>But I guess if you're Tim Cook, you go to

0:33:46.920 --> 0:33:49.200
<v Speaker 4>China as often as you can and try to, you know,

0:33:50.000 --> 0:33:52.680
<v Speaker 4>just try to keep a good I guess dialogue going

0:33:52.720 --> 0:33:55.720
<v Speaker 4>with the government officials or to keep the status quo going.

0:33:56.000 --> 0:33:58.640
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and we were talking about that when we had

0:33:58.640 --> 0:34:01.360
<v Speaker 2>a great story about maybe Tim cook succession plan and

0:34:01.400 --> 0:34:03.720
<v Speaker 2>sort of you know, do you need a full time

0:34:03.840 --> 0:34:08.040
<v Speaker 2>China ambassador? Basically as a as a company, you need

0:34:08.080 --> 0:34:11.239
<v Speaker 2>to have someone who can really help secure that relationship.

0:34:11.239 --> 0:34:13.080
<v Speaker 2>In addition to all the other stuff like capital allocat

0:34:13.120 --> 0:34:16.160
<v Speaker 2>you frend of an ends like invate his job.

0:34:16.360 --> 0:34:18.560
<v Speaker 4>Elon Musk's job has also got a lot of exposure

0:34:18.600 --> 0:34:21.319
<v Speaker 4>to their you know, CEOs. Jamie Dimond has been over

0:34:21.320 --> 0:34:23.840
<v Speaker 4>there recently for Japo Warton Chase, So a lot of

0:34:23.880 --> 0:34:26.680
<v Speaker 4>CEOs you know, going over to China trying to I guess,

0:34:27.000 --> 0:34:29.880
<v Speaker 4>maintain decent relationships in the face of governments.

0:34:32.560 --> 0:34:36.440
<v Speaker 1>You're listening to the Bloomberg Intelligence Podcast. Catch us live

0:34:36.520 --> 0:34:40.080
<v Speaker 1>weekdays at ten am Eastern on applecar Play and Android

0:34:40.080 --> 0:34:42.840
<v Speaker 1>Auto with the Bloomberg Business app. You can also listen

0:34:42.960 --> 0:34:46.040
<v Speaker 1>live on Amazon Alexa from our flagship New York station.

0:34:46.440 --> 0:34:49.200
<v Speaker 1>Just say Alexa play Bloomberg eleven thirty.

0:34:50.560 --> 0:34:52.000
<v Speaker 2>Let's go to the bond market. Here we are seeing

0:34:52.000 --> 0:34:54.120
<v Speaker 2>a little bit bit into the bond market. Ira Jersey,

0:34:54.120 --> 0:34:58.160
<v Speaker 2>Bloomberg Intelligence Chief US interest rate strategist, is joining us.

0:34:58.800 --> 0:35:02.080
<v Speaker 2>IRA the mark it supposedly the narrative is that it's

0:35:02.080 --> 0:35:06.320
<v Speaker 2>waiting for Nvidia. What does the bond market do with Nvidia.

0:35:06.800 --> 0:35:08.200
<v Speaker 10>I don't know if the bond market's going to do

0:35:08.200 --> 0:35:10.200
<v Speaker 10>a whole heck of a lot with you know, story

0:35:10.239 --> 0:35:13.759
<v Speaker 10>stocks in particular, But the bond market is, you know,

0:35:13.800 --> 0:35:15.840
<v Speaker 10>still waiting for the Fed. We have a ton of

0:35:15.840 --> 0:35:18.400
<v Speaker 10>Fed speak this week. We have the minutes coming out tomorrow,

0:35:18.520 --> 0:35:20.480
<v Speaker 10>So the bond market's going to kind of be on

0:35:20.600 --> 0:35:23.080
<v Speaker 10>edge as to you know, when the Fed's gonna cut,

0:35:23.360 --> 0:35:26.480
<v Speaker 10>how do they see the balance sheet shaping up? And

0:35:26.680 --> 0:35:28.120
<v Speaker 10>you know, you've had a lot of speakers like I

0:35:28.480 --> 0:35:31.719
<v Speaker 10>literally just before walking on, we finished up with with

0:35:31.800 --> 0:35:36.640
<v Speaker 10>Governor Chris Waller, who you know, gave not anything significantly

0:35:36.640 --> 0:35:39.560
<v Speaker 10>different than what Jay Powell has been saying, but certainly

0:35:39.920 --> 0:35:43.400
<v Speaker 10>certainly some details that you know, I have people talking

0:35:43.400 --> 0:35:46.399
<v Speaker 10>about the future of monetary policy and things like what

0:35:46.520 --> 0:35:49.200
<v Speaker 10>is our star, what is the neutral FED fund rate?

0:35:49.239 --> 0:35:52.080
<v Speaker 10>And where should it be given given the current environment?

0:35:52.320 --> 0:35:54.319
<v Speaker 4>All Right, For all of the listeners and viewers out

0:35:54.320 --> 0:35:56.359
<v Speaker 4>there who maybe don't have a Bloomberg terminal in front

0:35:56.360 --> 0:35:59.560
<v Speaker 4>of them, one of the most widely used functions is

0:35:59.640 --> 0:36:02.880
<v Speaker 4>ea ECO go. It gives you a nice list of

0:36:02.920 --> 0:36:06.520
<v Speaker 4>all the economic data that's released by the government so

0:36:06.560 --> 0:36:08.759
<v Speaker 4>you can stay on top of it all. And of

0:36:08.800 --> 0:36:13.239
<v Speaker 4>course on there is for tomorrow FOMC meeting minutes. My

0:36:13.360 --> 0:36:19.040
<v Speaker 4>question iras who cares because we hear these FED people

0:36:19.080 --> 0:36:21.920
<v Speaker 4>speaking all day every day except for like a fifteen

0:36:21.920 --> 0:36:26.120
<v Speaker 4>minute blackout every quarter. Did the minutes really tell something

0:36:26.239 --> 0:36:28.560
<v Speaker 4>since these folks are always speaking anyway.

0:36:29.640 --> 0:36:32.480
<v Speaker 10>It does, and it tells you a couple of different things.

0:36:32.520 --> 0:36:36.640
<v Speaker 10>I mean, firstly, it tells you the entire committee, right,

0:36:36.640 --> 0:36:39.680
<v Speaker 10>because there are certain people who speak more frequently in

0:36:39.719 --> 0:36:42.719
<v Speaker 10>front of the media. For example, Raphaelbostik of Atlanta FED.

0:36:43.320 --> 0:36:46.000
<v Speaker 10>He's on TV all the time, right, he was on

0:36:46.360 --> 0:36:50.560
<v Speaker 10>Bloomberg Television not so long ago like yesterday. We also

0:36:50.640 --> 0:36:53.720
<v Speaker 10>have we also have you know, Chris Waller speaks a lot,

0:36:53.960 --> 0:36:57.040
<v Speaker 10>so it but it gives you all nineteen members view

0:36:57.200 --> 0:36:59.839
<v Speaker 10>and then you know who believes what in a more

0:37:00.160 --> 0:37:03.359
<v Speaker 10>SYNCD fashion, then you can maybe glean from a lot

0:37:03.400 --> 0:37:05.520
<v Speaker 10>of the Q and as that wind up generating a

0:37:05.520 --> 0:37:07.719
<v Speaker 10>lot of headlines. But it's hard to kind of get

0:37:07.719 --> 0:37:10.800
<v Speaker 10>a complete narrative of where what everyone is thinking. So

0:37:11.160 --> 0:37:13.880
<v Speaker 10>I think that the minutes are useful. They're also useful

0:37:13.960 --> 0:37:16.680
<v Speaker 10>from analytical perspective. What we use the minutes for in

0:37:16.760 --> 0:37:19.640
<v Speaker 10>determining where we think the future path of policy is

0:37:20.000 --> 0:37:24.520
<v Speaker 10>going to be is we compare what's being said to

0:37:24.680 --> 0:37:27.840
<v Speaker 10>other periods, and so we actually have a model and

0:37:27.960 --> 0:37:31.640
<v Speaker 10>natural language processing model that says the FED is hawkish

0:37:31.640 --> 0:37:33.400
<v Speaker 10>and dubbish. And the nice thing about the minutes it

0:37:33.440 --> 0:37:37.239
<v Speaker 10>says a few members, most members, some members, and we're

0:37:37.280 --> 0:37:39.719
<v Speaker 10>able to get an idea about how many members have

0:37:39.840 --> 0:37:42.160
<v Speaker 10>that view, which is not something you can get from

0:37:42.160 --> 0:37:44.680
<v Speaker 10>the post meeting press conference, which is not something you

0:37:44.719 --> 0:37:47.520
<v Speaker 10>can necessarily get from just listening to you know, three

0:37:47.640 --> 0:37:50.520
<v Speaker 10>or four or five speakers instead of all nineteen That's

0:37:50.719 --> 0:37:52.280
<v Speaker 10>where I wanted to kind be pretty helpful.

0:37:52.400 --> 0:37:55.240
<v Speaker 4>I saw on your research, which I do read despite

0:37:56.480 --> 0:38:00.719
<v Speaker 4>you know all what, Yeah, I read it grudgingly because

0:38:00.719 --> 0:38:05.279
<v Speaker 4>it's great stuff. In their natural language processing model you

0:38:05.440 --> 0:38:08.839
<v Speaker 4>use for the minutes, what is that all about?

0:38:09.960 --> 0:38:13.279
<v Speaker 10>Yeah, So our model basically takes every sentence that it

0:38:13.360 --> 0:38:16.000
<v Speaker 10>has to do with monetary policy and the economy within

0:38:16.600 --> 0:38:18.799
<v Speaker 10>the minutes. We also do the same thing for the

0:38:18.840 --> 0:38:21.759
<v Speaker 10>post meeting press conference, for the prepared remarks that Jay

0:38:21.800 --> 0:38:24.200
<v Speaker 10>Powell makes, and tries to determine whether or not it's

0:38:24.239 --> 0:38:26.880
<v Speaker 10>a little bit hawkish, a little bit dubvish, neutral, or

0:38:26.960 --> 0:38:29.799
<v Speaker 10>very hawkish or very dubbsh. And in doing that we

0:38:29.880 --> 0:38:31.960
<v Speaker 10>can then wait it right. That's the advantage of the

0:38:31.960 --> 0:38:34.840
<v Speaker 10>minutes over some of the other over some of the

0:38:34.880 --> 0:38:38.080
<v Speaker 10>other models that you can potentially use that are similar.

0:38:38.800 --> 0:38:42.200
<v Speaker 10>Where the minutes I have other indicators. For example, it

0:38:42.200 --> 0:38:45.440
<v Speaker 10>says a member thinks, which means one person, right, Whereas

0:38:45.440 --> 0:38:48.279
<v Speaker 10>if it says many members think, then that's less than half,

0:38:48.360 --> 0:38:49.480
<v Speaker 10>but more.

0:38:49.920 --> 0:38:51.600
<v Speaker 5>Than a couple, right, more than three or four.

0:38:51.960 --> 0:38:55.120
<v Speaker 10>So you wind up with probably a better overall gauge

0:38:55.440 --> 0:38:58.359
<v Speaker 10>of how hawkish or dubvish the FED is, and what

0:38:58.400 --> 0:39:02.080
<v Speaker 10>our model shows right now as of the last meeting minutes,

0:39:02.120 --> 0:39:06.640
<v Speaker 10>which will probably remain the same this week this week presumably,

0:39:07.080 --> 0:39:09.880
<v Speaker 10>is that they're very neutral. They're basically right in line

0:39:09.960 --> 0:39:13.000
<v Speaker 10>with what would be an on hold FED. And that's

0:39:13.080 --> 0:39:15.719
<v Speaker 10>very consistent with what we're seeing now. I suspect that

0:39:16.560 --> 0:39:21.160
<v Speaker 10>unless the economic data deteriorates or improves very significantly, like

0:39:21.200 --> 0:39:24.200
<v Speaker 10>you see in optic and inflation, that the FED will

0:39:24.200 --> 0:39:28.000
<v Speaker 10>probably remain in that neutral territory with a little nuance there,

0:39:28.560 --> 0:39:30.080
<v Speaker 10>which just means that they're going to be on hold.

0:39:30.080 --> 0:39:32.920
<v Speaker 10>And you know, Chris Waller said today that he thinks

0:39:32.960 --> 0:39:34.399
<v Speaker 10>that rates are going to be on hold at least

0:39:34.440 --> 0:39:35.279
<v Speaker 10>until the fourth quarter.

0:39:35.320 --> 0:39:36.480
<v Speaker 5>Bostic said the same thing.

0:39:37.239 --> 0:39:40.799
<v Speaker 10>So those are those are indicators that the minutes have,

0:39:40.960 --> 0:39:43.680
<v Speaker 10>you know, at least are in line with the other

0:39:43.800 --> 0:39:47.040
<v Speaker 10>speakers that you hear in them, you know in the.

0:39:46.920 --> 0:39:50.520
<v Speaker 2>Media, Bostic talking up neutral. As for what is neutral,

0:39:50.560 --> 0:39:52.480
<v Speaker 2>I feel like J. Powell in the last press conference

0:39:52.640 --> 0:39:56.680
<v Speaker 2>really didn't take that bait. How do you view what

0:39:56.719 --> 0:39:59.040
<v Speaker 2>the neutral rate is and how important is that to

0:39:59.080 --> 0:40:00.160
<v Speaker 2>the conversation right now?

0:40:01.520 --> 0:40:04.560
<v Speaker 10>Well, so, ex ante, it's very difficult to determine what

0:40:04.600 --> 0:40:06.920
<v Speaker 10>the neutral rate is, right, because you don't know what

0:40:06.960 --> 0:40:11.160
<v Speaker 10>the propensity for people to take loans are and how

0:40:11.200 --> 0:40:14.640
<v Speaker 10>high or how low interest rates need to be versus

0:40:14.640 --> 0:40:18.720
<v Speaker 10>inflation or some other measure for you know, where interest

0:40:18.800 --> 0:40:21.520
<v Speaker 10>rates are going to you know, not increase inflation or

0:40:21.520 --> 0:40:24.640
<v Speaker 10>decrease inflation, and there's really realistically no way to know that,

0:40:24.680 --> 0:40:27.719
<v Speaker 10>which is the reason why you get these cycles. The

0:40:28.080 --> 0:40:30.239
<v Speaker 10>idea though, and I think this is what everyone in

0:40:30.239 --> 0:40:33.359
<v Speaker 10>the academic land and you know, rate strategists all over

0:40:33.360 --> 0:40:36.480
<v Speaker 10>the world we're talking about, is, given how low we

0:40:36.520 --> 0:40:40.040
<v Speaker 10>think the neutral rate was between twenty ten and twenty nineteen,

0:40:40.520 --> 0:40:43.239
<v Speaker 10>has that moved up? And the answer is unequivalentally, yes,

0:40:43.320 --> 0:40:44.160
<v Speaker 10>it just it had to.

0:40:44.280 --> 0:40:44.400
<v Speaker 8>Right.

0:40:44.440 --> 0:40:46.600
<v Speaker 10>We're in a much more we're in a tighter labor

0:40:46.600 --> 0:40:50.600
<v Speaker 10>market environment. We don't have the same type of globalization

0:40:51.000 --> 0:40:54.719
<v Speaker 10>pushing pushing down goods costs that we had ten years ago.

0:40:55.000 --> 0:40:57.399
<v Speaker 10>So all of those things are probably true. The problem

0:40:57.480 --> 0:41:00.000
<v Speaker 10>is nobody really can guestimate the magnitude.

0:41:00.320 --> 0:41:01.799
<v Speaker 5>There's a lot of models to do that.

0:41:01.920 --> 0:41:03.600
<v Speaker 10>You know, is it two and a half percent, which

0:41:03.680 --> 0:41:05.680
<v Speaker 10>is kind of what the FED seems to think that

0:41:05.760 --> 0:41:08.239
<v Speaker 10>it is based on the dop plot. Some people think

0:41:08.239 --> 0:41:09.960
<v Speaker 10>it's a bit higher than that. I actually think it

0:41:10.000 --> 0:41:12.400
<v Speaker 10>probably is a little bit higher than that. But the

0:41:13.440 --> 0:41:17.160
<v Speaker 10>you know, but there's no realistic way to know beforehand

0:41:17.239 --> 0:41:19.600
<v Speaker 10>exactly where our star is. But you have to you

0:41:19.680 --> 0:41:21.680
<v Speaker 10>have to guess if you're if you're a member of

0:41:21.680 --> 0:41:25.319
<v Speaker 10>the FED or any central bank, because otherwise you don't know,

0:41:25.440 --> 0:41:28.520
<v Speaker 10>you know, are we restrictive or are we not. I'd

0:41:28.600 --> 0:41:31.400
<v Speaker 10>argue that the FED probably is modestly restrictive, maybe not

0:41:31.520 --> 0:41:35.240
<v Speaker 10>restrictive enough, but they are certainly, you know, more restrictive

0:41:35.239 --> 0:41:36.880
<v Speaker 10>than they were when interest rates were at zero.

0:41:37.360 --> 0:41:39.680
<v Speaker 4>Hey, I'm just looking at the ten year treasury just

0:41:39.680 --> 0:41:41.320
<v Speaker 4>in the last i don't know, three to four weeks,

0:41:41.360 --> 0:41:43.480
<v Speaker 4>it's kind of come down and yield from four to

0:41:43.480 --> 0:41:46.680
<v Speaker 4>seventy range down to about four forty. Does that tell

0:41:46.760 --> 0:41:49.399
<v Speaker 4>us anything or is that just kind of trading within

0:41:49.400 --> 0:41:50.840
<v Speaker 4>a range?

0:41:51.200 --> 0:41:52.760
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, I think we've hit that range.

0:41:52.760 --> 0:41:55.200
<v Speaker 10>We talked I think it was last week, Paul, where

0:41:55.040 --> 0:41:58.600
<v Speaker 10>we were mentioning on that that kind of four thirty

0:41:58.680 --> 0:42:01.920
<v Speaker 10>to four fifth might be the new range for now

0:42:02.000 --> 0:42:05.960
<v Speaker 10>until we get a significant regime shift. It's not telling

0:42:06.000 --> 0:42:09.400
<v Speaker 10>us much of anything except that again, the market is

0:42:09.440 --> 0:42:12.799
<v Speaker 10>still pricing for the Federal Reserve at some point in

0:42:12.880 --> 0:42:15.879
<v Speaker 10>the not too distant future will be lowering interest rates.

0:42:15.920 --> 0:42:19.279
<v Speaker 10>And that's why you have the continued inversion of the

0:42:19.360 --> 0:42:21.920
<v Speaker 10>yield curve where the ten year yield is lower than

0:42:21.960 --> 0:42:25.239
<v Speaker 10>the two year yield. But even that has contracted quite

0:42:25.280 --> 0:42:27.080
<v Speaker 10>a lot. Right that was as much as one hundred

0:42:27.120 --> 0:42:31.120
<v Speaker 10>basis points between the two and now it's less than fifty.

0:42:31.160 --> 0:42:35.239
<v Speaker 10>It's forty ish basis points right now. So that's just

0:42:35.280 --> 0:42:37.520
<v Speaker 10>saying that at some point the Fed's going to cut.

0:42:37.560 --> 0:42:39.759
<v Speaker 10>When the Fed cuts, ten year yields are probably going

0:42:39.800 --> 0:42:41.480
<v Speaker 10>to rally a little bit. But we're already priced for

0:42:41.480 --> 0:42:43.320
<v Speaker 10>at least part of that cutting cycle.

0:42:44.200 --> 0:42:46.520
<v Speaker 2>All right, IIRA, thanks a lot. We really appreciate you.

0:42:46.680 --> 0:42:49.799
<v Speaker 2>Thank you very much. Our Jersey Bloomberg Intelligence Chief US

0:42:49.880 --> 0:42:51.799
<v Speaker 2>interest rate strategist adjoining us there.

0:42:51.840 --> 0:42:54.520
<v Speaker 4>And the way to get all that research, Alex is

0:42:54.600 --> 0:42:58.200
<v Speaker 4>BI space r ate. B I rate will get you

0:42:58.239 --> 0:43:00.799
<v Speaker 4>to all the interest rate analysis for our Jersey and

0:43:00.800 --> 0:43:02.280
<v Speaker 4>his team on a global basis.

0:43:02.520 --> 0:43:03.080
<v Speaker 6>You pull up.

0:43:03.120 --> 0:43:06.880
<v Speaker 4>There's stuff about Canada, there's stuff about Asia, China and

0:43:07.040 --> 0:43:09.360
<v Speaker 4>all different languages on this dashboard, but it is the

0:43:09.480 --> 0:43:12.200
<v Speaker 4>global view of interest rates.

0:43:11.960 --> 0:43:13.560
<v Speaker 2>And you can't beat them. You just really can't, Like,

0:43:13.640 --> 0:43:15.239
<v Speaker 2>I mean, you can't be the model that goes through

0:43:15.280 --> 0:43:17.200
<v Speaker 2>and looks at speeches like you just can't beat.

0:43:17.000 --> 0:43:19.799
<v Speaker 4>That a large like a language model.

0:43:19.840 --> 0:43:24.800
<v Speaker 7>I don't know. There's also a MOSAD, the Israeli Intelligence Agency,

0:43:24.920 --> 0:43:29.960
<v Speaker 7>uses a very similar type of software to look at

0:43:30.000 --> 0:43:33.520
<v Speaker 7>conversations that they intercept. We use the same thing for

0:43:33.719 --> 0:43:35.120
<v Speaker 7>conference calls and.

0:43:36.520 --> 0:43:38.800
<v Speaker 5>Well yeah, no sentiment, yeah.

0:43:38.760 --> 0:43:41.040
<v Speaker 7>Just to look for keywords and whatever so you don't

0:43:41.040 --> 0:43:42.359
<v Speaker 7>have to sit there and listen a long thing.

0:43:43.120 --> 0:43:44.680
<v Speaker 2>Well, I listen to conference calls all day.

0:43:45.160 --> 0:43:46.239
<v Speaker 5>I have just spent a career doing it.

0:43:46.400 --> 0:43:47.160
<v Speaker 8>I mean, come on.

0:43:47.960 --> 0:43:52.480
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0:43:52.680 --> 0:43:55.600
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0:43:59.360 --> 0:44:02.800
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0:44:02.920 --> 0:44:05.920
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