1 00:00:01,040 --> 00:00:04,240 Speaker 1: Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from house stuff 2 00:00:04,240 --> 00:00:12,560 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 3 00:00:12,640 --> 00:00:16,319 Speaker 1: Josh Clark, There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, there's Jerry over there, 4 00:00:16,720 --> 00:00:22,520 Speaker 1: and this is stuff you should know. Hi. How's it going. 5 00:00:22,680 --> 00:00:29,520 Speaker 1: It's great? Good, Good to yourself. I found this topic 6 00:00:29,560 --> 00:00:31,840 Speaker 1: and I was starting to tell you before how interesting 7 00:00:31,840 --> 00:00:35,600 Speaker 1: I thought it wasn't. Yeah, you went it's awesome. I 8 00:00:35,640 --> 00:00:38,000 Speaker 1: was like, stop, it's gold. So now I'm going to 9 00:00:38,040 --> 00:00:44,080 Speaker 1: say it. It's awesome. And landfills, the concept of a landfill, 10 00:00:44,960 --> 00:00:48,960 Speaker 1: even though it ain't perfect, it's pretty neat. Yeah. And 11 00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:51,320 Speaker 1: even though we need to reduce the amount of trash, 12 00:00:51,440 --> 00:00:55,520 Speaker 1: especially Americans produce. Yeah, um, there is still going to 13 00:00:55,560 --> 00:00:57,200 Speaker 1: be trash in the world and it needs to be 14 00:00:57,240 --> 00:01:03,360 Speaker 1: dealt with. And this is way better than the old days. Uh, 15 00:01:03,360 --> 00:01:07,080 Speaker 1: when in like pre nineteen thirty New York City they 16 00:01:07,120 --> 00:01:10,279 Speaker 1: would dump their garbage in the ocean. And then between 17 00:01:10,400 --> 00:01:14,360 Speaker 1: nineteen thirty and we still do that. You realize New 18 00:01:14,400 --> 00:01:16,440 Speaker 1: York City doesn't dump it right in the Atlantic Ocean, No, 19 00:01:16,560 --> 00:01:18,959 Speaker 1: but a lot of garbage is dumped in the ocean. Yeah. Well, 20 00:01:19,080 --> 00:01:22,480 Speaker 1: we talked about the Great Pacific garbage back um. And 21 00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:25,119 Speaker 1: then between the nineteen thirties and the nineteen seventies they 22 00:01:25,120 --> 00:01:28,440 Speaker 1: had what they called dumps, which is a big hole 23 00:01:28,480 --> 00:01:31,840 Speaker 1: in the ground covered in rats and birds, and then 24 00:01:31,880 --> 00:01:35,960 Speaker 1: you would just dump garbage to leach into everything. Yes, 25 00:01:36,080 --> 00:01:39,039 Speaker 1: which is messed up. And the e p A comes 26 00:01:39,080 --> 00:01:41,760 Speaker 1: along and I think the sixties, definitely the seventies, and 27 00:01:41,920 --> 00:01:45,319 Speaker 1: was like, uh, we need to do something better about this. 28 00:01:46,160 --> 00:01:51,120 Speaker 1: But so the the idea of the landfill was born 29 00:01:51,480 --> 00:01:54,440 Speaker 1: in about the sixties, I believe. Well, well, the first 30 00:01:54,520 --> 00:01:58,400 Speaker 1: modern sanitary landfill was ninety seven and Fries. Now, okay, 31 00:01:58,400 --> 00:02:00,600 Speaker 1: that's right, and it's like a national his or place 32 00:02:00,720 --> 00:02:02,840 Speaker 1: or something, because it kind of kicked off the whole thing. 33 00:02:02,880 --> 00:02:06,080 Speaker 1: But it wasn't until the sixties and seventies that they 34 00:02:06,160 --> 00:02:08,799 Speaker 1: started passing law saying that, like every state really needs 35 00:02:08,880 --> 00:02:11,280 Speaker 1: to start doing the same thing. Right, And like you 36 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:14,000 Speaker 1: said before that they just dumped their trash in a pit, 37 00:02:14,280 --> 00:02:18,800 Speaker 1: which people have been doing for millennia at least. Um. 38 00:02:18,840 --> 00:02:22,399 Speaker 1: They were burning their trash also, and it sounds mind 39 00:02:22,440 --> 00:02:26,800 Speaker 1: bogglingly awful and it is, especially from environmental standpoint, but 40 00:02:26,919 --> 00:02:30,080 Speaker 1: they didn't have the trash problem that we have now 41 00:02:30,919 --> 00:02:36,320 Speaker 1: in the sixties. Since the nineties sixties are trash generation, 42 00:02:36,560 --> 00:02:43,160 Speaker 1: municipal solid waste generation has um doubled, tripled, tripled, And 43 00:02:44,120 --> 00:02:47,040 Speaker 1: I was like, why is that? What's going on? Apparently 44 00:02:47,080 --> 00:02:53,480 Speaker 1: it's the advent of cheap packaging, Before styrofoam packaging, before plastic, 45 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:57,280 Speaker 1: before aluminum cans, that everybody just threw away. Everything was 46 00:02:57,280 --> 00:02:59,600 Speaker 1: wrapped in a T shirt that you could wear exactly, 47 00:02:59,639 --> 00:03:02,120 Speaker 1: And like when you weren't carrying around a slab of 48 00:03:02,160 --> 00:03:04,440 Speaker 1: meat in the T shirt from the butcher to your house, 49 00:03:04,840 --> 00:03:08,280 Speaker 1: you wore your T shirt so you reused it, right, No, 50 00:03:08,680 --> 00:03:11,520 Speaker 1: but no, you would you would have maybe like, um, 51 00:03:11,680 --> 00:03:15,160 Speaker 1: do you remember when Sam the butcher brought Alice the 52 00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:20,520 Speaker 1: meat BC Boys reference about um Stone driving around with 53 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:25,240 Speaker 1: two which is I guess a really weird way of 54 00:03:25,360 --> 00:03:30,359 Speaker 1: putting in his barefoot well that didn't rhyme bald feet anyway. 55 00:03:30,760 --> 00:03:32,680 Speaker 1: He would bring it to her wrapped in like white 56 00:03:32,720 --> 00:03:36,560 Speaker 1: butcher's paper, and she would throw it away and it 57 00:03:36,600 --> 00:03:38,680 Speaker 1: would really not take up much space to the dump. 58 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:42,560 Speaker 1: It would decompose. It wasn't like styrofoam, which lasts for 59 00:03:42,640 --> 00:03:50,200 Speaker 1: fifty thou years, right, And so starting about packaging, especially 60 00:03:50,760 --> 00:03:54,240 Speaker 1: very non biodegradable packaging, took off like a rocket. Yeah 61 00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:57,120 Speaker 1: you could still go to the butcher though now you 62 00:03:57,160 --> 00:03:59,280 Speaker 1: can and you get it in paper, but you go 63 00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:01,360 Speaker 1: to that big chain grocery store and it's going to 64 00:04:01,400 --> 00:04:07,320 Speaker 1: be plastic and starmer foam. So between nineteen are packaging 65 00:04:07,360 --> 00:04:12,840 Speaker 1: waste increased. That meant that we had to do something. 66 00:04:12,880 --> 00:04:15,720 Speaker 1: We had a lot more trash and we had to 67 00:04:15,720 --> 00:04:17,800 Speaker 1: take care of this trash and ways that we had before. 68 00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:22,400 Speaker 1: And so the modern landfill based on that Fresno model 69 00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:27,840 Speaker 1: uh boomed And fortunately that's right. But even now they're 70 00:04:27,839 --> 00:04:31,960 Speaker 1: finding we went too far in one direction. Now we 71 00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:35,279 Speaker 1: need to adjust it, massage it a little bit, refine it. 72 00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:37,400 Speaker 1: And we were we were coming up with a new 73 00:04:37,480 --> 00:04:41,839 Speaker 1: generation of landfills. That's right. So, uh, if you're talking 74 00:04:41,839 --> 00:04:45,600 Speaker 1: about a landfill, the goal of a landfill is not 75 00:04:45,680 --> 00:04:48,600 Speaker 1: to compost trash. And a lot of people probably don't 76 00:04:48,600 --> 00:04:51,400 Speaker 1: know this. It's not to compost trash such that it 77 00:04:51,480 --> 00:04:55,279 Speaker 1: breaks down super quickly uh and biodegrades. It is the 78 00:04:55,320 --> 00:04:57,480 Speaker 1: opposite of that. It is to keep it as dry 79 00:04:57,560 --> 00:05:01,159 Speaker 1: as possible in an air tight and and just bury 80 00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:05,720 Speaker 1: it lock it away from the surrounding world. That's right. 81 00:05:05,800 --> 00:05:08,120 Speaker 1: And so that's what a landfill is, a sanitary landfill, 82 00:05:08,760 --> 00:05:13,479 Speaker 1: municipal solid waste or MSW landfill. Um, they isolate the 83 00:05:13,520 --> 00:05:16,560 Speaker 1: trash from the environment. They don't just dump it on 84 00:05:16,600 --> 00:05:19,520 Speaker 1: the dirt and let things leach in. And this thus 85 00:05:19,560 --> 00:05:23,120 Speaker 1: begins the landfill podcasts. There are a lot of components 86 00:05:23,200 --> 00:05:25,640 Speaker 1: to that, but that's along and short of it. It's true. 87 00:05:25,800 --> 00:05:30,159 Speaker 1: And um what what that's called. The whole idea behind 88 00:05:30,279 --> 00:05:36,239 Speaker 1: that landfill that was in reaction to that's one dry 89 00:05:36,320 --> 00:05:41,120 Speaker 1: tomb is the industry lingo for it. It's and it 90 00:05:41,120 --> 00:05:45,640 Speaker 1: it was created in reaction to trash just being allowed 91 00:05:45,680 --> 00:05:48,800 Speaker 1: to seep into the ground water and methane to just 92 00:05:49,600 --> 00:05:53,280 Speaker 1: leak out into the air blow up. Apparently houses that 93 00:05:53,360 --> 00:05:57,920 Speaker 1: have utility pipes that pass by old landfills, methane will 94 00:05:57,920 --> 00:06:01,239 Speaker 1: get into those utility pipes and like get in mixed 95 00:06:01,240 --> 00:06:03,279 Speaker 1: in with the electricity and when you go to plug 96 00:06:03,279 --> 00:06:06,800 Speaker 1: in your toaster and it sparks kaboom. Really, yes, it's 97 00:06:06,800 --> 00:06:10,560 Speaker 1: a problem with old landfills because they were all idiots 98 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:16,360 Speaker 1: with trash like up until the sixties, seventies, eighties, UM 99 00:06:16,440 --> 00:06:20,880 Speaker 1: and even still we have a big problem with trash, 100 00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:23,839 Speaker 1: but nothing like it was before. As far as taking 101 00:06:23,880 --> 00:06:25,800 Speaker 1: care of it, is starting to really get a handle 102 00:06:25,800 --> 00:06:28,920 Speaker 1: on it. Americans produce four point six pounds of trash 103 00:06:29,320 --> 00:06:31,960 Speaker 1: per day per person. Yeah, and you know what's crazy 104 00:06:32,080 --> 00:06:34,680 Speaker 1: is you think, well, America's probably like as bad as 105 00:06:34,680 --> 00:06:37,760 Speaker 1: it gets. Know, the UK is America is like in 106 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:42,919 Speaker 1: the middle roughly for trash generation, and the UK is 107 00:06:42,960 --> 00:06:47,279 Speaker 1: the worst. They produced per capita, they produced the most, 108 00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:50,279 Speaker 1: and um, they also throw away the most. They have 109 00:06:50,279 --> 00:06:54,240 Speaker 1: the lowest recovery rate. Um, although it's gone up. I 110 00:06:54,279 --> 00:06:56,800 Speaker 1: believe I think they had like some sort of national 111 00:06:56,839 --> 00:07:00,440 Speaker 1: initiative because it says here that it won up from 112 00:07:00,640 --> 00:07:04,359 Speaker 1: thirty one percent recovery rate, which is like recycling and 113 00:07:04,360 --> 00:07:08,240 Speaker 1: that kind of stuff, um, basically diverting it from the landfill. 114 00:07:10,400 --> 00:07:12,200 Speaker 1: So it's actually better than America as far as the 115 00:07:12,240 --> 00:07:15,120 Speaker 1: resource recovery rate goes. Canada is the worst. I'm sorry, 116 00:07:15,160 --> 00:07:17,840 Speaker 1: Canada is the worst. Yeah, that's hard to believe. I 117 00:07:17,840 --> 00:07:21,960 Speaker 1: would think so too, but it's true. The standout is Germany. 118 00:07:22,080 --> 00:07:26,440 Speaker 1: Germany produces way more trash per person than any other 119 00:07:26,480 --> 00:07:29,520 Speaker 1: country per capita, but they also have the highest recovery 120 00:07:29,640 --> 00:07:35,080 Speaker 1: rate at like almost of their trash gets diverted from 121 00:07:35,120 --> 00:07:38,720 Speaker 1: the landfill. That's amazing, Actually that's efficient. What what's the 122 00:07:38,760 --> 00:07:42,200 Speaker 1: American number on that diversion? It hovers about a third 123 00:07:43,600 --> 00:07:47,840 Speaker 1: for at least a couple of decades, now, maybe three decades, 124 00:07:47,880 --> 00:07:51,320 Speaker 1: you could say Americans diverted about they diverted about a 125 00:07:51,360 --> 00:07:54,600 Speaker 1: third of their trash from the landfill. You'd like to 126 00:07:54,640 --> 00:07:56,840 Speaker 1: see that number get better in three decades for sure, 127 00:07:57,440 --> 00:08:01,840 Speaker 1: and it's always hovers around thirty three, and uh, it 128 00:08:01,880 --> 00:08:03,840 Speaker 1: should be a lot better than that. You know. That 129 00:08:03,880 --> 00:08:06,080 Speaker 1: sounds like to me, whoever is in charge of doing 130 00:08:06,120 --> 00:08:08,840 Speaker 1: that study is just like, let's just use last numbers. 131 00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:12,720 Speaker 1: We can all live with that, right, all right. So 132 00:08:12,840 --> 00:08:17,080 Speaker 1: if you want to landfill in your municipality, um, you're 133 00:08:17,080 --> 00:08:19,480 Speaker 1: going to have to start with a proposal by saying. 134 00:08:19,960 --> 00:08:22,440 Speaker 1: You can't just go start Yeah, you gotta look around 135 00:08:22,440 --> 00:08:27,440 Speaker 1: and say we need to landfill everybody. So let's uh 136 00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:31,440 Speaker 1: do an environmental impact study and let's let's find an area. 137 00:08:31,800 --> 00:08:35,480 Speaker 1: Let's find a lot of acreage. Um. Because I think 138 00:08:35,640 --> 00:08:39,000 Speaker 1: they use the North Wake County Landfill in Raleigh, North 139 00:08:39,000 --> 00:08:41,600 Speaker 1: Carolina as a their go to example, in this article, 140 00:08:41,679 --> 00:08:44,560 Speaker 1: so our how stuff work started two and thirty acres 141 00:08:44,559 --> 00:08:47,880 Speaker 1: of land, about seventy acres of which is the actual landfill. 142 00:08:48,120 --> 00:08:49,840 Speaker 1: So you're gonna need a lot of land, and you're 143 00:08:49,880 --> 00:08:52,800 Speaker 1: gonna have to do an environmental impact study to determine 144 00:08:53,240 --> 00:08:57,080 Speaker 1: a lot of things. How much land do you have, Yeah, 145 00:08:57,120 --> 00:09:00,320 Speaker 1: if there's enough of it, sure? Um. What type of 146 00:09:00,400 --> 00:09:05,119 Speaker 1: soil you have and what bedrock is underneath it? Very important? Um. 147 00:09:05,320 --> 00:09:08,240 Speaker 1: How water flows over the surface of the site. Yeah, 148 00:09:08,280 --> 00:09:10,079 Speaker 1: does it flow right down into the river? Does it 149 00:09:10,360 --> 00:09:14,600 Speaker 1: perfully right right exactly? Um? And then the uh, the 150 00:09:14,640 --> 00:09:17,560 Speaker 1: impact it's going to have on local wildlife. Sure. And 151 00:09:17,800 --> 00:09:21,200 Speaker 1: if it's an historic site, like an archaeological site, yeah, 152 00:09:21,240 --> 00:09:23,560 Speaker 1: you don't want to landfill on an archaeological site. What's 153 00:09:23,559 --> 00:09:26,120 Speaker 1: funny is if you, um, if you go back and 154 00:09:26,160 --> 00:09:28,839 Speaker 1: look at the Fresh Kills landfill, which is one of 155 00:09:28,920 --> 00:09:32,160 Speaker 1: the biggest in the world New York, right, Yeah, and 156 00:09:32,200 --> 00:09:35,360 Speaker 1: it wasn't even the only one for New York. Yes, 157 00:09:35,800 --> 00:09:39,280 Speaker 1: And the guy who created the high line, James Corner, 158 00:09:40,160 --> 00:09:42,760 Speaker 1: is um creating a park there out of it, like 159 00:09:42,800 --> 00:09:46,439 Speaker 1: a massive, massive park. Interesting. I think like three times 160 00:09:46,440 --> 00:09:49,480 Speaker 1: the size of Central Park are they calling it cancer Park. 161 00:09:50,880 --> 00:09:52,960 Speaker 1: I think they're avoiding that. Okay, I don't remember what 162 00:09:53,000 --> 00:09:55,360 Speaker 1: it's called. I wrote a really interesting New York Magazine 163 00:09:55,440 --> 00:09:58,720 Speaker 1: article about it, though. It really well written and clever 164 00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:01,880 Speaker 1: um where it's basically like, that's awesome, that's awesome, this 165 00:10:01,920 --> 00:10:05,160 Speaker 1: guy's got this great vision. And then but it's a landfill. 166 00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:07,600 Speaker 1: You know, I'm sure at the end of the day, 167 00:10:07,640 --> 00:10:11,600 Speaker 1: it's still buried garbage exactly. Um. Alright, So when we 168 00:10:11,640 --> 00:10:14,360 Speaker 1: talked about the bedrock, that's really important because if you have, 169 00:10:15,120 --> 00:10:16,959 Speaker 1: what would you really want to try and prevent when 170 00:10:16,960 --> 00:10:21,360 Speaker 1: you're building a landfill or operating landfill is um leakage 171 00:10:21,360 --> 00:10:23,880 Speaker 1: and seepage. That was like the that was the big 172 00:10:23,920 --> 00:10:26,400 Speaker 1: thing when the e PA came along and started saying like, 173 00:10:26,559 --> 00:10:29,920 Speaker 1: you can't just bare your trash anywhere there's groundwater, dummies, 174 00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:34,000 Speaker 1: and like, as trash decomposes, it's not just like old 175 00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:36,880 Speaker 1: coca cola and banana peals. When those things break down 176 00:10:36,960 --> 00:10:40,760 Speaker 1: instead of mixing together, some really horrific stuff like ammonia 177 00:10:40,800 --> 00:10:43,720 Speaker 1: gets produced and that gets into the groundwater, and all 178 00:10:43,760 --> 00:10:47,000 Speaker 1: of a sudden, you're drinking ammonia. That's bad for you. Yeah, 179 00:10:47,040 --> 00:10:49,680 Speaker 1: that's called the it's called leech eight is the liquid 180 00:10:49,960 --> 00:10:53,520 Speaker 1: um or garbage juice is another words that. That's a 181 00:10:53,520 --> 00:10:55,240 Speaker 1: better way to say it, because that defines it all 182 00:10:55,280 --> 00:10:57,880 Speaker 1: in one go, right and um, the whole point of 183 00:10:58,040 --> 00:11:01,160 Speaker 1: the of the dry tomb in fill was to do 184 00:11:01,559 --> 00:11:05,640 Speaker 1: everything you could to prevent this garbage that you're burying 185 00:11:06,200 --> 00:11:10,679 Speaker 1: from reaching the the water table. Right, So you study 186 00:11:10,760 --> 00:11:13,040 Speaker 1: that bedrock. If it's too fractured, it's not gonna work 187 00:11:13,080 --> 00:11:15,440 Speaker 1: because it's going to seep into that junk. No mines, 188 00:11:15,520 --> 00:11:18,360 Speaker 1: no quarries, because they probably already have broken through the 189 00:11:18,360 --> 00:11:20,880 Speaker 1: water table before they were abandoned. That's right. But at 190 00:11:20,880 --> 00:11:22,360 Speaker 1: the same time, you also need to be able to 191 00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:25,320 Speaker 1: sink wells in various points, so you can't the bedrock 192 00:11:25,960 --> 00:11:27,960 Speaker 1: needs to allow for that as well. That's right. Like 193 00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:31,240 Speaker 1: you're really looking for a specific area when we talked 194 00:11:31,240 --> 00:11:33,040 Speaker 1: about the water flow, of course, you don't want it 195 00:11:33,040 --> 00:11:35,640 Speaker 1: flowing near wetlands or any kind of rivers or streams. 196 00:11:35,640 --> 00:11:38,840 Speaker 1: That's a no brainer. Fresh Kills is an old marsh 197 00:11:38,920 --> 00:11:41,280 Speaker 1: land that they just filled the marshes and lakes in 198 00:11:41,400 --> 00:11:43,760 Speaker 1: with garbage. What what did they name it? That is 199 00:11:43,800 --> 00:11:46,240 Speaker 1: that the area or like that kills is a Dutch 200 00:11:46,240 --> 00:11:48,920 Speaker 1: word for stream, Okay, because I was about to say 201 00:11:48,920 --> 00:11:52,640 Speaker 1: that's like the worst name for anything unless it was 202 00:11:52,679 --> 00:11:56,960 Speaker 1: a butcher. But it really means fresh stream, fresh kills, charcooterie, 203 00:11:57,600 --> 00:12:01,880 Speaker 1: fresh stream garbage, don't Yeah, that makes sense. Now what 204 00:12:01,920 --> 00:12:05,360 Speaker 1: does kill mean stream of old Dutch word because you've 205 00:12:05,360 --> 00:12:11,160 Speaker 1: heard of like bowery means yes, that would be fish stream. 206 00:12:11,240 --> 00:12:14,760 Speaker 1: That makes a lot more sense. Now fresh kills. I 207 00:12:14,840 --> 00:12:20,920 Speaker 1: wondered about that for years. Now, you know, all right, so, uh, 208 00:12:21,080 --> 00:12:24,160 Speaker 1: local wildlife they're going to really study that to see 209 00:12:24,160 --> 00:12:26,679 Speaker 1: what kind of um You know, it can't be in 210 00:12:26,720 --> 00:12:30,480 Speaker 1: the area of a migrate my migratory route for birds 211 00:12:30,600 --> 00:12:34,240 Speaker 1: or like a nesting area a k marsh like Fresh 212 00:12:34,320 --> 00:12:38,679 Speaker 1: Kills landfill. That's right. And then once you figured all 213 00:12:38,679 --> 00:12:41,280 Speaker 1: this out and they say, oh wait, wait, you skipped 214 00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:45,000 Speaker 1: over the historical or archaeological site. Well you already mentioned 215 00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:49,400 Speaker 1: that like Fresh Kills landfill. Okay, Apparently I think it 216 00:12:49,480 --> 00:12:52,280 Speaker 1: was stated at all wrong. Huh. Henry David Thoreau said 217 00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:55,720 Speaker 1: that um arrowheads were the surest crop to dig from 218 00:12:55,760 --> 00:12:58,680 Speaker 1: the ground at Fresh Kills before it was a landfill. Yeah, 219 00:12:59,559 --> 00:13:04,600 Speaker 1: so our theological site wet land and very close to UM. 220 00:13:04,679 --> 00:13:09,720 Speaker 1: The ground water it's seeping right into it. Unbelievable. UM. 221 00:13:09,760 --> 00:13:13,479 Speaker 1: And I believe there was a large bunny rabbit population 222 00:13:13,760 --> 00:13:17,840 Speaker 1: that they just dumped it right on top of UM. So, 223 00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:19,960 Speaker 1: once you figured it out, this is not fresh skills, 224 00:13:20,080 --> 00:13:22,240 Speaker 1: is actually a great spot. You're gonna get your permits, 225 00:13:22,280 --> 00:13:25,320 Speaker 1: you're gonna raise your money. Um. This one in North 226 00:13:25,360 --> 00:13:28,960 Speaker 1: Carolina costs about nineteen million to build cheap. That seems 227 00:13:28,960 --> 00:13:32,000 Speaker 1: a little cheap, but I don't think that one's brand new. Yeah, 228 00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:35,160 Speaker 1: that's probably from the nineties. And then you probably have 229 00:13:35,160 --> 00:13:37,240 Speaker 1: a public vote because they're probably gonna be using public 230 00:13:37,240 --> 00:13:40,679 Speaker 1: dollars and no one will know that vote takes place, 231 00:13:41,640 --> 00:13:46,280 Speaker 1: and you're gonna get a landfill built. Yeah, they just 232 00:13:46,320 --> 00:13:49,480 Speaker 1: build it in the night. All right. So let's take 233 00:13:49,480 --> 00:13:52,400 Speaker 1: a little break here and we will talk about building 234 00:13:52,400 --> 00:14:12,560 Speaker 1: that landfill right for this all right, So you've got 235 00:14:12,559 --> 00:14:16,000 Speaker 1: your permits, you've got your money raised, it's time to 236 00:14:16,040 --> 00:14:19,400 Speaker 1: build a landfill. Yeah, you've shouted down the old guy 237 00:14:19,520 --> 00:14:24,280 Speaker 1: at the Board of Commissioners meeting, who objects, old man? 238 00:14:24,360 --> 00:14:31,560 Speaker 1: McLean the tree hugger. Let's recycle all our garbage, crack pot. 239 00:14:32,760 --> 00:14:35,840 Speaker 1: So we will list the basic parts of the landfill 240 00:14:35,880 --> 00:14:37,640 Speaker 1: and then go over them in detail. Hows that sound 241 00:14:38,080 --> 00:14:40,920 Speaker 1: It sounds like a bulleted list. You've got the bottom 242 00:14:41,120 --> 00:14:44,640 Speaker 1: liner system, You've got the cells, you've got the storm 243 00:14:44,640 --> 00:14:48,080 Speaker 1: water drainage, you've got the leech eight collection system, ok, 244 00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:52,560 Speaker 1: garbage juice methane collection system, and you've got the cap 245 00:14:52,720 --> 00:14:57,640 Speaker 1: the covering boom. Actually, that's the opposite of what you 246 00:14:57,680 --> 00:15:00,400 Speaker 1: want to happen with the cap covering system. You don't 247 00:15:00,400 --> 00:15:03,760 Speaker 1: want a kaboom, So start with the bottom liner. Man again, 248 00:15:04,600 --> 00:15:08,560 Speaker 1: this is the original purpose of all landfills that are 249 00:15:08,560 --> 00:15:13,120 Speaker 1: in use today, unless they're bioreactor, although it's it's part 250 00:15:13,200 --> 00:15:18,160 Speaker 1: of it. But this dry tomb landfill, uh, it's the 251 00:15:18,200 --> 00:15:21,200 Speaker 1: main part is the bottom liner. So they use a 252 00:15:21,320 --> 00:15:26,120 Speaker 1: very thick like um sometimes a hundred million millimeter thick, 253 00:15:27,120 --> 00:15:32,640 Speaker 1: very sturdy like polyethylene liner synthetic plastic that they line 254 00:15:32,720 --> 00:15:37,720 Speaker 1: the whole place with, puncture resistant, strong, able to withstand 255 00:15:37,760 --> 00:15:39,560 Speaker 1: a lot of trash being dumped on it. And just 256 00:15:39,600 --> 00:15:42,520 Speaker 1: to be a certain, they'll often use some sort of 257 00:15:42,560 --> 00:15:46,760 Speaker 1: like um fabric matt that they'll lay down first and 258 00:15:46,800 --> 00:15:50,640 Speaker 1: then put the the the liner on and then put 259 00:15:50,680 --> 00:15:53,960 Speaker 1: another mat on top of that to help prevent it 260 00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:57,400 Speaker 1: from being punctured by rocks or garbage. Rocks below or 261 00:15:57,480 --> 00:16:01,080 Speaker 1: garbage above. Everything's trying to puncture of this mat. Yeah, 262 00:16:01,080 --> 00:16:03,760 Speaker 1: it's a moisture barrier. Right, But that liner is the 263 00:16:03,800 --> 00:16:08,600 Speaker 1: main component, the the initial component of the landfill, that's right. Uh. Next, 264 00:16:08,640 --> 00:16:14,560 Speaker 1: we have our cell, and a cell is basically the garbage. Yeah, 265 00:16:14,600 --> 00:16:17,360 Speaker 1: it's the day's garbage that you dump in there. Um, 266 00:16:17,520 --> 00:16:22,240 Speaker 1: you compacted airspace is is key. That's where the more 267 00:16:22,280 --> 00:16:24,920 Speaker 1: airspace you have, the more trash you can bury. So 268 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:27,360 Speaker 1: they want to keep it as compact as possible. And 269 00:16:27,360 --> 00:16:30,520 Speaker 1: they do this by rolling over it with bulldozers and 270 00:16:30,800 --> 00:16:34,320 Speaker 1: flatteners and rollers and graters and they smush it down. 271 00:16:34,640 --> 00:16:38,640 Speaker 1: And a cell is um, it's a it's a it's 272 00:16:38,680 --> 00:16:42,640 Speaker 1: a hole in the ground. Apparently in the North Carolina 273 00:16:42,720 --> 00:16:44,960 Speaker 1: landfill that House Stuff Works went to back in the day. 274 00:16:45,400 --> 00:16:48,360 Speaker 1: A cell is fifty ft long, fifty ft wide, fourteen 275 00:16:48,400 --> 00:16:51,760 Speaker 1: ft deep yep. And all the trash is put in there. 276 00:16:51,920 --> 00:16:53,880 Speaker 1: Like you said, there's heavy equipment that rolls over and 277 00:16:53,880 --> 00:16:57,440 Speaker 1: compacts it. And did you read the Atlantic um article 278 00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:01,080 Speaker 1: I sent to you about Pointe Hills. Yes, they said 279 00:17:01,080 --> 00:17:04,639 Speaker 1: that there's an added benefit of compacting trash not just 280 00:17:04,680 --> 00:17:08,560 Speaker 1: doesn't take up less space, it also kills about the 281 00:17:08,640 --> 00:17:12,639 Speaker 1: rats in there. Oh good. And then at the end 282 00:17:12,640 --> 00:17:15,320 Speaker 1: of the day, when the cell is filled, they cover 283 00:17:15,440 --> 00:17:18,320 Speaker 1: it over with about six inches of dirt that they 284 00:17:18,320 --> 00:17:21,600 Speaker 1: then compact that kills the other of rats. That's where 285 00:17:21,640 --> 00:17:24,600 Speaker 1: the other half and that makes that type of landfill 286 00:17:24,720 --> 00:17:29,720 Speaker 1: what's called the sanitary landfill, which mean rat free, because 287 00:17:29,720 --> 00:17:33,520 Speaker 1: they're all dead, they're squished or they're suffocated by this 288 00:17:33,640 --> 00:17:37,959 Speaker 1: process of compacting and covering over. And the by covering 289 00:17:38,040 --> 00:17:40,320 Speaker 1: over this stuff every day, you protected from being blown 290 00:17:40,359 --> 00:17:42,639 Speaker 1: away by the wind, by being carried away from by 291 00:17:42,800 --> 00:17:46,200 Speaker 1: the rain. You protected from being dug up by coyotes 292 00:17:46,800 --> 00:17:50,320 Speaker 1: or trash scavengers. Right, um, And so that's what makes 293 00:17:50,359 --> 00:17:54,920 Speaker 1: it a sanitary dry tomb landfill is what we've described 294 00:17:55,000 --> 00:17:58,000 Speaker 1: so far. That's right. And to get this thing as 295 00:17:58,040 --> 00:18:00,680 Speaker 1: compact as possible, they're gonna weed out things like that 296 00:18:00,840 --> 00:18:02,560 Speaker 1: huge roll of carpet that you took out of your 297 00:18:03,080 --> 00:18:07,080 Speaker 1: uh nineteen seventies bedroom, or that mattress that has a 298 00:18:07,640 --> 00:18:10,520 Speaker 1: you know, brown stained like looks like the map of 299 00:18:10,600 --> 00:18:14,360 Speaker 1: Asia from the sixteen hundreds, because you raised that one 300 00:18:14,440 --> 00:18:17,240 Speaker 1: lady from Hell, raiser from the dead. Yeah, so they're 301 00:18:17,240 --> 00:18:19,200 Speaker 1: gonna chake out all that stuff and make it um 302 00:18:20,080 --> 00:18:21,479 Speaker 1: you know, all the yard ways to make it as 303 00:18:21,520 --> 00:18:25,239 Speaker 1: compactable as possible, and then um that is compacted at 304 00:18:25,400 --> 00:18:28,240 Speaker 1: a rate depending on where you are, about fift pounds 305 00:18:28,440 --> 00:18:32,080 Speaker 1: per cubic yard. Yes, so boom, flat dirt is over 306 00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:37,240 Speaker 1: it now and now we need to worry about drainage. Yeah. Basically, 307 00:18:37,320 --> 00:18:40,080 Speaker 1: once you created that cell, you've just completed a portion 308 00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:43,479 Speaker 1: of the landfill, right, Yes, for the day, um, one 309 00:18:43,560 --> 00:18:46,520 Speaker 1: day's trash. It's so weird, it's like yours Tuesday's whole 310 00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:51,879 Speaker 1: five days a year. And those well, those UM the 311 00:18:52,520 --> 00:18:55,479 Speaker 1: Hills people in that Atlantic article, we're saying that they 312 00:18:56,119 --> 00:18:58,520 Speaker 1: in retrospect figured out that they could have predicted the 313 00:18:58,600 --> 00:19:02,440 Speaker 1: economic crisis. Interesting because about a little less than a 314 00:19:02,560 --> 00:19:06,359 Speaker 1: year before it happened, the UM they would fill up 315 00:19:06,440 --> 00:19:10,080 Speaker 1: their days cell by like one pm and closed. Now 316 00:19:10,160 --> 00:19:13,400 Speaker 1: they stay up until five and it's not even necessarily full. 317 00:19:13,680 --> 00:19:16,240 Speaker 1: So they know it's like a huge downturn in building 318 00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:21,040 Speaker 1: materials and consumer waste. UM. Like a year or two 319 00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:24,600 Speaker 1: before the actual crisis happened before they collapse. Well, you 320 00:19:24,680 --> 00:19:27,440 Speaker 1: know what the old saying, if you want to know 321 00:19:27,560 --> 00:19:30,879 Speaker 1: the state of the country's economics, go to a landfill. 322 00:19:31,480 --> 00:19:33,680 Speaker 1: It's a good thing. That's what I think. Jimmy Carter 323 00:19:33,760 --> 00:19:38,840 Speaker 1: first said that. So you don't want liquids in that 324 00:19:39,040 --> 00:19:41,680 Speaker 1: solid waste as much as possible. So they test the 325 00:19:41,760 --> 00:19:46,040 Speaker 1: solid waste for liquids, and um, if it's not liquid, 326 00:19:46,119 --> 00:19:48,000 Speaker 1: then it's fine to go in the hole, right, So 327 00:19:48,080 --> 00:19:50,000 Speaker 1: they put that in there. And the other way that 328 00:19:50,080 --> 00:19:52,160 Speaker 1: they want to keep liquids out. And again, what they're 329 00:19:52,280 --> 00:19:55,760 Speaker 1: doing is trying to prevent garbage juice from forming. Is 330 00:19:55,880 --> 00:20:01,280 Speaker 1: to have storm raw storm, water runoff, drainage going on. 331 00:20:01,520 --> 00:20:03,920 Speaker 1: So all of the first of all, you never want 332 00:20:03,920 --> 00:20:07,840 Speaker 1: a flat landfill. Ever, you want to mount it at 333 00:20:07,880 --> 00:20:13,359 Speaker 1: least slightly. You never want a plateau um and so 334 00:20:13,520 --> 00:20:14,800 Speaker 1: you want the water to run off, and then when 335 00:20:14,840 --> 00:20:16,520 Speaker 1: it runs off, you want to collect it into pipes. 336 00:20:16,560 --> 00:20:19,119 Speaker 1: You want to basically create an eves system like you 337 00:20:19,200 --> 00:20:21,280 Speaker 1: have on the roof of your house and then shoot 338 00:20:21,320 --> 00:20:25,280 Speaker 1: it all down to some concrete gulches or French trains 339 00:20:25,280 --> 00:20:32,040 Speaker 1: at your house. Roos shepperls what else uh, gutters, yeah, 340 00:20:32,640 --> 00:20:37,000 Speaker 1: habit dasher right, um, and all that goes to a 341 00:20:37,119 --> 00:20:40,920 Speaker 1: collection pond. That's right. Uh, this is not the kind 342 00:20:40,920 --> 00:20:42,960 Speaker 1: of thing you want to swim in. What they wait 343 00:20:43,080 --> 00:20:46,959 Speaker 1: for there is for um the suspended particles to kind 344 00:20:46,960 --> 00:20:49,880 Speaker 1: of settle on the bottom, and then they will test 345 00:20:49,960 --> 00:20:53,680 Speaker 1: the water for those the garbage juice, and depending on 346 00:20:53,960 --> 00:20:58,200 Speaker 1: how nasty it is and riddled with chemicals, they'll go 347 00:20:58,280 --> 00:21:01,840 Speaker 1: from there. They may um treat like regular wastewater. Well, 348 00:21:01,920 --> 00:21:05,320 Speaker 1: that depends, like if they if just the storm water 349 00:21:05,760 --> 00:21:07,840 Speaker 1: shows some leech, they'll send it to a leech a 350 00:21:07,960 --> 00:21:10,560 Speaker 1: collection pond. If it's if it turns out to just 351 00:21:10,680 --> 00:21:13,880 Speaker 1: be normal stormwater, then they'll let it flow out of there. 352 00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:17,399 Speaker 1: That's trying to like whatever river or whatever. And sometimes 353 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:20,159 Speaker 1: it's gravity. Sometimes they use a pump, depends on the 354 00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:22,320 Speaker 1: lay of the land. But if it's leach, they have 355 00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:26,480 Speaker 1: a separate collect collection system for leech. A yes, which 356 00:21:26,600 --> 00:21:30,720 Speaker 1: is um basically perforated pipes that are running through the 357 00:21:30,840 --> 00:21:33,280 Speaker 1: cells and the leach. It is gonna happen, like they 358 00:21:33,320 --> 00:21:35,880 Speaker 1: try and prevent it as much as possible, but there 359 00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:37,960 Speaker 1: is no hole in the ground where you're not gonna 360 00:21:37,960 --> 00:21:41,399 Speaker 1: have any garbage juice right exactly. Um, So they collect 361 00:21:41,480 --> 00:21:43,520 Speaker 1: that garbage juice as it's forming, and they run it 362 00:21:43,600 --> 00:21:46,000 Speaker 1: out to a separate collection pond that's the leech a 363 00:21:46,119 --> 00:21:48,159 Speaker 1: collection pond. And if you don't want to swim in 364 00:21:48,200 --> 00:21:50,920 Speaker 1: the stormwater collection pond, like you don't even want to 365 00:21:50,960 --> 00:21:54,080 Speaker 1: look at the leech collection pump. So again, they let 366 00:21:54,119 --> 00:21:58,160 Speaker 1: the particles settle, they test the concentration of the leech 367 00:21:58,240 --> 00:22:00,400 Speaker 1: a in the pond, and then they send it either 368 00:22:00,520 --> 00:22:05,600 Speaker 1: to uh an on site UH water remediation system like 369 00:22:05,760 --> 00:22:08,240 Speaker 1: a wastewater plant, yeah, or else they send it to 370 00:22:08,320 --> 00:22:11,960 Speaker 1: like the local city or county wastewater plant for treatment. Yeah. Boy, 371 00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:14,080 Speaker 1: we gotta do one in wastewater treatment. At some point. 372 00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:18,280 Speaker 1: You got to talk about fascinating. You poop in the 373 00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:23,440 Speaker 1: water and eventually you water. It's pretty remarkable of what 374 00:22:23,520 --> 00:22:27,959 Speaker 1: we've learned to do. Uh, you know yep. So uh. 375 00:22:28,119 --> 00:22:30,360 Speaker 1: The other big thing that we mentioned earlier was methane, 376 00:22:30,560 --> 00:22:35,600 Speaker 1: and that is a byproduct that's a gaseous byproduct um 377 00:22:35,960 --> 00:22:42,640 Speaker 1: of anaerobic decomposition. And about fifty of your your gases 378 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:45,480 Speaker 1: coming out of this thing, we're gonna be methane about 379 00:22:46,240 --> 00:22:48,800 Speaker 1: carbon dioxide and they say a little bit of nitrone, 380 00:22:48,800 --> 00:22:51,000 Speaker 1: little bit oxygen. I guess not even enough to be 381 00:22:51,119 --> 00:22:55,439 Speaker 1: a percentage point, almost negligible. So methane is um can 382 00:22:55,520 --> 00:22:58,959 Speaker 1: be dangerous and hazardous, but it can also be very useful. 383 00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:02,600 Speaker 1: So these days they're finding ways to harness this methane 384 00:23:02,640 --> 00:23:05,720 Speaker 1: and use it as fuel, right, which is pretty great. Yeah, 385 00:23:05,960 --> 00:23:08,240 Speaker 1: it is very great. And actually there's a lot of 386 00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:10,840 Speaker 1: money in it they're finding too, especially if you go 387 00:23:10,920 --> 00:23:13,359 Speaker 1: to the trouble of building an on site power plant 388 00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:17,520 Speaker 1: where you just basically extract the methane from the landfill 389 00:23:17,600 --> 00:23:19,879 Speaker 1: gas l f G is what it's called, and then 390 00:23:19,920 --> 00:23:23,320 Speaker 1: you burn the methane. You can power, you can create electricity, right, 391 00:23:23,359 --> 00:23:26,359 Speaker 1: you can power a turbine and boom, there's electricity being produced. 392 00:23:26,600 --> 00:23:29,639 Speaker 1: And actually at Fresh Kills, New York City gets ten 393 00:23:29,720 --> 00:23:32,760 Speaker 1: million bucks a year from a company that has exclusive 394 00:23:32,840 --> 00:23:36,040 Speaker 1: rights to extract the methane from this place. Ten million. 395 00:23:36,119 --> 00:23:39,560 Speaker 1: That's not something it needs that UM and Lincoln, Nebraska 396 00:23:39,680 --> 00:23:42,600 Speaker 1: did a pilot study in two thousand and ten and 397 00:23:42,680 --> 00:23:45,160 Speaker 1: found that they could make about three hundred thousand dollars 398 00:23:45,160 --> 00:23:49,040 Speaker 1: a year from methane collection from their landfill. So if 399 00:23:49,080 --> 00:23:51,200 Speaker 1: you're a city that's trying to like figure out ways 400 00:23:51,240 --> 00:23:56,800 Speaker 1: to at least keep your landfill open methane collection I 401 00:23:56,920 --> 00:24:00,119 Speaker 1: call my my worst days l f G. Actually when 402 00:24:00,160 --> 00:24:06,680 Speaker 1: I have landfill gats the worst. Uh. So, then you've 403 00:24:06,680 --> 00:24:08,879 Speaker 1: got your covering and your or your cap is the 404 00:24:08,960 --> 00:24:12,840 Speaker 1: final piece of the puzzle here, and um, it depends 405 00:24:12,920 --> 00:24:15,320 Speaker 1: on what kind of a landfill it is. Generally it's 406 00:24:15,359 --> 00:24:18,200 Speaker 1: going to be covered with six inches at least of 407 00:24:18,280 --> 00:24:21,800 Speaker 1: compacted soil and that's to keep you know, rats and 408 00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:24,400 Speaker 1: stuff out the ones that aren't killed and getting back 409 00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:27,680 Speaker 1: into the trash. But um, like we said earlier, airspace 410 00:24:27,800 --> 00:24:30,760 Speaker 1: is key. So like six inches, if they could find 411 00:24:30,800 --> 00:24:33,119 Speaker 1: a way to make that one inch, that would be 412 00:24:33,240 --> 00:24:35,760 Speaker 1: much better. And so they've been experimenting with that too, 413 00:24:36,359 --> 00:24:39,720 Speaker 1: like um, paper or submit emulsions instead that you just 414 00:24:39,800 --> 00:24:42,840 Speaker 1: spray on top instead of that six inches of soil, 415 00:24:43,280 --> 00:24:45,040 Speaker 1: it's like a quarter inch. Yeah, And then all of 416 00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:47,200 Speaker 1: a sudden you have five and three quarters extra inches 417 00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:50,080 Speaker 1: for trash, extra inches for more trash. That's a lot 418 00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:56,320 Speaker 1: many which we are right now absolutely uh. And then 419 00:24:56,440 --> 00:24:58,800 Speaker 1: eventually though, when you h it will have a permanent 420 00:24:58,920 --> 00:25:02,720 Speaker 1: cap um some sort of poly ethylene cap on top. 421 00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:05,919 Speaker 1: And so even after it's closed, that points hills Um 422 00:25:07,200 --> 00:25:09,760 Speaker 1: landfill outside of l A that was the focus of 423 00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:12,880 Speaker 1: the Atlantic article or fresh kills out in New York 424 00:25:13,480 --> 00:25:15,960 Speaker 1: when that when it's closed, you don't just walk away 425 00:25:16,480 --> 00:25:19,040 Speaker 1: from a landfill plant stuff on it. Well, yes, you 426 00:25:19,080 --> 00:25:21,200 Speaker 1: have to plant stuff on it because when you cover 427 00:25:21,320 --> 00:25:23,639 Speaker 1: it over with dirt, you want to plant something with um, 428 00:25:24,040 --> 00:25:26,880 Speaker 1: a low roots system that won't go into the landfill, 429 00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:29,359 Speaker 1: but we'll still hold the dirt and place to prevent 430 00:25:29,440 --> 00:25:33,159 Speaker 1: it from a roading. So like grass cut zoo, not trees. 431 00:25:33,640 --> 00:25:35,680 Speaker 1: I don't want to plant trees. But you also have 432 00:25:35,800 --> 00:25:38,560 Speaker 1: to stick around and leave some people behind to monitor 433 00:25:38,640 --> 00:25:43,879 Speaker 1: the groundwater for temperature changes. Change in temperature suggests that 434 00:25:44,080 --> 00:25:48,600 Speaker 1: it's um. There's leachate that's intruded. Sometimes you can see 435 00:25:48,600 --> 00:25:51,600 Speaker 1: the leech seeping up through the ground, and that means 436 00:25:51,760 --> 00:25:54,160 Speaker 1: that there's you need to address an issue. It looks 437 00:25:54,240 --> 00:25:58,240 Speaker 1: like the Beverly Hillbillies thing where Jed shot and missed 438 00:25:58,280 --> 00:26:01,680 Speaker 1: that rabbit and instead oil comes up. That's what leech 439 00:26:01,880 --> 00:26:04,399 Speaker 1: kind of looks like, bubble up. But you have to 440 00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:07,560 Speaker 1: keep an eye on this place for decades and decades 441 00:26:07,600 --> 00:26:11,840 Speaker 1: and decades. Yeah, I think they sitting here like thirty years. 442 00:26:12,359 --> 00:26:15,080 Speaker 1: It needs to be maintained and monitored at least at 443 00:26:15,160 --> 00:26:17,680 Speaker 1: least I think that's definitely in the line. So we'll 444 00:26:17,720 --> 00:26:21,840 Speaker 1: talk a little more about operating a landfill and how 445 00:26:21,920 --> 00:26:25,000 Speaker 1: to well, I guess alternative slam fills is a way 446 00:26:25,040 --> 00:26:46,760 Speaker 1: to put it right after this. So, Chuck, let's say 447 00:26:46,840 --> 00:26:51,119 Speaker 1: you are Tommy Landfill and you want to fulfill your 448 00:26:51,160 --> 00:26:54,800 Speaker 1: birthright and open your own landfill, and you got everything 449 00:26:54,840 --> 00:26:58,879 Speaker 1: all set. You've got the municipal bonds. Old man, what 450 00:26:59,119 --> 00:27:03,320 Speaker 1: was it, mc tavish, mcvaine, something like that, mc lane, McClane. 451 00:27:03,760 --> 00:27:06,160 Speaker 1: He he's been shouted down. You got the place open. 452 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:09,040 Speaker 1: How are you going to operate a day to day Well, 453 00:27:09,560 --> 00:27:12,600 Speaker 1: what you're gonna do is it's gonna be open to 454 00:27:12,680 --> 00:27:14,440 Speaker 1: a couple of different things. It's gonna be open to 455 00:27:14,600 --> 00:27:18,840 Speaker 1: the um municipality that collects the trash. Of course, it's 456 00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:23,080 Speaker 1: gonna be open to demolition companies, construction companies, and many 457 00:27:23,160 --> 00:27:25,800 Speaker 1: of them, including the one I go to, is open 458 00:27:25,880 --> 00:27:29,040 Speaker 1: to you and me. Okay, um, So let's say I'm 459 00:27:29,080 --> 00:27:31,240 Speaker 1: doing work on my house, which I've done, and I 460 00:27:31,359 --> 00:27:33,160 Speaker 1: end up with a bunch of junk in the back 461 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:36,640 Speaker 1: of my pickup truck. I think it's called construction waste. Yes, 462 00:27:36,760 --> 00:27:38,919 Speaker 1: construction debris, which I try and re use as much 463 00:27:38,920 --> 00:27:41,439 Speaker 1: as I can, but you still end up with construction debris. 464 00:27:41,680 --> 00:27:44,480 Speaker 1: Did we do like a green renovation episode once? Yeah? 465 00:27:44,520 --> 00:27:47,920 Speaker 1: I think so okay, And um, I will drive my 466 00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,399 Speaker 1: truck out there to the landfill into Cabb County and 467 00:27:51,720 --> 00:27:54,440 Speaker 1: I will drive up onto a platform. Is the first 468 00:27:54,560 --> 00:27:56,439 Speaker 1: very first thing you do with a it's a way station. 469 00:27:56,600 --> 00:27:58,520 Speaker 1: Does it make you go up on two wheels and 470 00:27:58,560 --> 00:28:02,000 Speaker 1: then you drive through the land just wheel that's showing 471 00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:06,159 Speaker 1: off the stuck car scene. Um. Then you drive up 472 00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:08,440 Speaker 1: on the way station and they weigh your truck or 473 00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:11,879 Speaker 1: your car or whatever with full of trash. You go 474 00:28:12,080 --> 00:28:15,040 Speaker 1: dump it. There's gonna be various stations. Um, there's like 475 00:28:15,119 --> 00:28:19,040 Speaker 1: a recycling station. There's a here's where yard waste goes, 476 00:28:20,560 --> 00:28:24,879 Speaker 1: a kissing booth. Uh, there's a dunk tank, you know, 477 00:28:24,960 --> 00:28:31,000 Speaker 1: the traditional Catholic school carnival um at the one into 478 00:28:31,040 --> 00:28:35,679 Speaker 1: Capp County. There's actually free mulch and um compost if 479 00:28:35,680 --> 00:28:37,880 Speaker 1: you want to pick up stuff, which is kind of neat, 480 00:28:38,520 --> 00:28:41,840 Speaker 1: but then eventually you will be directed to, uh, here 481 00:28:41,960 --> 00:28:44,160 Speaker 1: is your dump and I pull up my truck, I 482 00:28:44,280 --> 00:28:46,719 Speaker 1: dump it in a big dumpster, and that dumpster has 483 00:28:46,720 --> 00:28:50,200 Speaker 1: then taken to the cell. I imagine. I don't follow 484 00:28:50,280 --> 00:28:53,200 Speaker 1: the route, but that's what's supposed to happen. Does it 485 00:28:53,320 --> 00:28:57,160 Speaker 1: make that bugs Bunny conveyor belt song? Yeah, someone wrote 486 00:28:57,160 --> 00:29:01,000 Speaker 1: in and had a song, yeah power If you look 487 00:29:01,080 --> 00:29:04,200 Speaker 1: up what was that the one that you were thinking, Yes, totally. Um. 488 00:29:04,280 --> 00:29:07,120 Speaker 1: I can't remember the composer's name, but it was the 489 00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:09,520 Speaker 1: twentieth century composer who think it is old man. It 490 00:29:09,640 --> 00:29:14,360 Speaker 1: was something something Quintet. Yeah, I can't remember the guy's name, 491 00:29:14,360 --> 00:29:18,080 Speaker 1: but anyway, look up to something something Quintet powerhouse, and 492 00:29:18,160 --> 00:29:20,520 Speaker 1: then I think it starts about almost a minute and 493 00:29:20,520 --> 00:29:23,840 Speaker 1: a half in. You'll be like, yeah, that's it, d dude, 494 00:29:26,840 --> 00:29:28,600 Speaker 1: you know I'm talking about Yeah. Absolutely. When I heard it, 495 00:29:28,680 --> 00:29:34,400 Speaker 1: it was unmistakably looney tunes. So I dump on my garbage, um, 496 00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:38,480 Speaker 1: and then I drive back out onto another platform and 497 00:29:38,520 --> 00:29:41,160 Speaker 1: then they rewagh my truck. They do the math and 498 00:29:41,240 --> 00:29:43,800 Speaker 1: then when they weigh it, um, they charge you a 499 00:29:43,840 --> 00:29:48,200 Speaker 1: tipping fee, yeah, which is usually a per ton amount right, Yeah, 500 00:29:48,280 --> 00:29:50,240 Speaker 1: and so you know, it's not that much money. Like 501 00:29:50,360 --> 00:29:52,680 Speaker 1: I'll have a truck full of junk, go dump it, 502 00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:55,800 Speaker 1: and then it's like ten or twelve bucks. And of 503 00:29:55,840 --> 00:29:58,320 Speaker 1: course it depends on how heavy the junk is, but 504 00:29:58,520 --> 00:30:02,800 Speaker 1: in my case, it was always you know, uh, lightwood 505 00:30:02,880 --> 00:30:05,840 Speaker 1: and stuff like that that I couldn't use nails. So 506 00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:09,000 Speaker 1: that's that's basically everything we just described as a dry 507 00:30:09,200 --> 00:30:14,840 Speaker 1: tomb landfill. Right. But as as UM companies like waste 508 00:30:14,880 --> 00:30:18,400 Speaker 1: management and local municipalies have figured out, like, hey, there's 509 00:30:18,400 --> 00:30:22,240 Speaker 1: actually money in this rotting garbage, they've been looking into 510 00:30:22,280 --> 00:30:25,000 Speaker 1: ways to get more methane out of it. And what 511 00:30:25,120 --> 00:30:28,720 Speaker 1: they figured out is that you don't want a dry tomb. 512 00:30:29,320 --> 00:30:31,840 Speaker 1: You want to kind of moist a little wet to 513 00:30:32,440 --> 00:30:36,120 Speaker 1: thirty percent moisture. Yeah. I was really surprised that this 514 00:30:36,280 --> 00:30:39,600 Speaker 1: isn't how it's done by now, because you can they said, 515 00:30:39,720 --> 00:30:41,800 Speaker 1: you know, what could take decades and a dry tomb 516 00:30:41,880 --> 00:30:43,960 Speaker 1: to break down, you can take just a few years 517 00:30:44,400 --> 00:30:46,240 Speaker 1: if you just add a little water, just a little 518 00:30:46,240 --> 00:30:48,479 Speaker 1: bit of water, Like there's already about ten to fifteen 519 00:30:48,520 --> 00:30:50,800 Speaker 1: percent moisture in a dry tomb, no matter how much 520 00:30:51,200 --> 00:30:53,440 Speaker 1: you try to keep it out. There's gonna be about 521 00:30:53,440 --> 00:30:55,720 Speaker 1: ten to fift They figured out that if you add 522 00:30:55,720 --> 00:31:03,360 Speaker 1: another water, you're going to greatly increase anaerobic um decomposition. 523 00:31:03,680 --> 00:31:05,480 Speaker 1: And it can be leachated. It's not like they have 524 00:31:06,000 --> 00:31:09,600 Speaker 1: have spring water exactly. It can be that stormwater you're collecting, 525 00:31:09,800 --> 00:31:12,640 Speaker 1: it can be leech eate um, it can be gas 526 00:31:12,760 --> 00:31:16,320 Speaker 1: condensation from the gas that's coming off and and basically 527 00:31:16,920 --> 00:31:20,800 Speaker 1: what you're doing is you're speeding up that anaerobic decomposition 528 00:31:20,840 --> 00:31:23,040 Speaker 1: that's already going on. So these things are breaking down 529 00:31:23,080 --> 00:31:26,080 Speaker 1: that organic stuff, the banana peels and the grass clippings 530 00:31:26,120 --> 00:31:28,840 Speaker 1: and all that stuff. It's already in there. They're not 531 00:31:28,920 --> 00:31:31,360 Speaker 1: breaking down the styrofoam, at least not very quickly, so 532 00:31:31,480 --> 00:31:33,600 Speaker 1: that stuff is still going to be left behind. But 533 00:31:34,360 --> 00:31:37,920 Speaker 1: that's kind of that burying walk awayte mentality as well. Still, 534 00:31:38,560 --> 00:31:42,880 Speaker 1: but at least the the density of your m landfill 535 00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:46,440 Speaker 1: is going to increase tremendously as all that other stuff decomposes, 536 00:31:46,640 --> 00:31:48,920 Speaker 1: and you're gonna have the added benefit of a lot 537 00:31:49,040 --> 00:31:52,080 Speaker 1: more methane production. Yeah, and a lot more methane and 538 00:31:52,120 --> 00:31:55,600 Speaker 1: a lot shorter time spans. So what they've had to do, 539 00:31:55,720 --> 00:32:01,040 Speaker 1: because this is basically accelerated production, is create collection systems 540 00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:04,000 Speaker 1: that can handle They can't just throw the old methane 541 00:32:04,000 --> 00:32:06,960 Speaker 1: collection system in there that's used to collecting slowly, but 542 00:32:07,080 --> 00:32:09,480 Speaker 1: surely they have to do something collect a lot and 543 00:32:09,520 --> 00:32:11,240 Speaker 1: a little bit of time. Yeah, because they used to 544 00:32:11,360 --> 00:32:14,000 Speaker 1: collect the methane in that they would harvest it and 545 00:32:14,080 --> 00:32:17,560 Speaker 1: then burn it, which is sounds horrible because you're just 546 00:32:17,640 --> 00:32:21,120 Speaker 1: releasing all that stuff into the atmosphere, but it's better 547 00:32:21,240 --> 00:32:24,360 Speaker 1: than just vending it. Just vending methane. Methane is a 548 00:32:24,880 --> 00:32:29,320 Speaker 1: um much more potent greenhouse gas than even like CEO 549 00:32:29,440 --> 00:32:32,280 Speaker 1: two like by far, So you don't want to just 550 00:32:32,440 --> 00:32:34,320 Speaker 1: vent that stuff, so you burn it off. But even 551 00:32:34,400 --> 00:32:36,840 Speaker 1: better is if you're gonna burn it, at least use 552 00:32:36,920 --> 00:32:40,200 Speaker 1: it to power stuff. So by adding just a little 553 00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:43,320 Speaker 1: bit of water you can create this. You can accelerate 554 00:32:43,400 --> 00:32:47,680 Speaker 1: the anaerobic decomposition. And since the anaerobic decomposition is what 555 00:32:47,960 --> 00:32:53,840 Speaker 1: makes the landfill like a moving, living, evolving pile, once 556 00:32:53,960 --> 00:32:57,160 Speaker 1: that's done in ten years, you've got all the methane 557 00:32:57,200 --> 00:32:59,960 Speaker 1: you're gonna get from it, the things not gonna settle anymore, 558 00:33:00,280 --> 00:33:02,560 Speaker 1: and you can walk away without monitoring it for the 559 00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:05,840 Speaker 1: next fifty years. Yeah, so the bioreactor model seems like 560 00:33:06,760 --> 00:33:09,800 Speaker 1: far and away the wave of the future. Right. Um, 561 00:33:10,760 --> 00:33:12,600 Speaker 1: I guess it's just a matter of like building more 562 00:33:12,680 --> 00:33:15,440 Speaker 1: of them. Yes, so we got a couple of more 563 00:33:15,560 --> 00:33:18,520 Speaker 1: things here before we close. For sure. This is very interesting. 564 00:33:18,640 --> 00:33:20,520 Speaker 1: One Neto thing that I didn't know. I think I 565 00:33:20,560 --> 00:33:23,320 Speaker 1: knew about Giant Stadium, but I didn't know that. I 566 00:33:23,440 --> 00:33:26,080 Speaker 1: just heard Jimmy hoff was buried there. Well, you might 567 00:33:26,160 --> 00:33:29,920 Speaker 1: have just been in the in the landfill. Apparently some 568 00:33:30,120 --> 00:33:33,480 Speaker 1: sports arenas like Kemiskey in Chicago, Mile Haush Stadium in Denver, 569 00:33:33,880 --> 00:33:37,240 Speaker 1: Giant Stadium in New Jersey built on landfills because they're cheap, 570 00:33:38,080 --> 00:33:44,720 Speaker 1: cheap land, and some speculation that it might give athletes cancer. Yeah, 571 00:33:44,760 --> 00:33:47,480 Speaker 1: apparently there are a lot of Giants players are several 572 00:33:48,400 --> 00:33:51,720 Speaker 1: um that came down with cancer. That one of the linebackers, 573 00:33:51,800 --> 00:33:55,600 Speaker 1: Harry Carson, told The New York Times, Um, it makes 574 00:33:55,600 --> 00:33:58,240 Speaker 1: you wonder what's going on around here, referencing the fact 575 00:33:58,280 --> 00:34:00,600 Speaker 1: that it was built on an old land hill. Yeah, 576 00:34:00,840 --> 00:34:05,200 Speaker 1: and apparently there was a game at Comiskey Park where 577 00:34:05,720 --> 00:34:09,960 Speaker 1: there was a I think a short stop like ran 578 00:34:10,080 --> 00:34:14,320 Speaker 1: into a piece of metal sticking up from the diamond 579 00:34:15,160 --> 00:34:17,840 Speaker 1: and like started like kicking away. I didn't realized it 580 00:34:17,880 --> 00:34:20,560 Speaker 1: was getting bigger and bigger, and the grounds crew came 581 00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:24,360 Speaker 1: out and investigated, and it was Jimmy Hoffa. It was 582 00:34:24,400 --> 00:34:27,759 Speaker 1: a copper cuddle from the landfill. They had moved its 583 00:34:27,840 --> 00:34:30,040 Speaker 1: way up. Isn't that crazy? Yeah, So they had to 584 00:34:30,080 --> 00:34:33,120 Speaker 1: dig it up and then refill it. Unbelievable. I'm sure 585 00:34:33,160 --> 00:34:36,080 Speaker 1: that was a lovely break for the fans. Yes, because 586 00:34:37,880 --> 00:34:42,120 Speaker 1: moving that they needed. They needed a breathere. Uh. I 587 00:34:42,200 --> 00:34:45,680 Speaker 1: read an article on Slate called go West Garbage can 588 00:34:47,120 --> 00:34:51,600 Speaker 1: exclamation point, and the main gist of it is, when 589 00:34:51,640 --> 00:34:53,680 Speaker 1: are we going to run out of space? It's a 590 00:34:53,760 --> 00:34:57,640 Speaker 1: great question. You can't keep bearing trash right? Um, Apparently 591 00:34:57,680 --> 00:35:02,239 Speaker 1: you can, because what they're doing now is there there 592 00:35:02,280 --> 00:35:07,399 Speaker 1: are fewer landfills than ever before. They're making these huge landfills. Yeah. 593 00:35:07,440 --> 00:35:12,000 Speaker 1: In nineteen in six, there were close to seventy dumps 594 00:35:12,040 --> 00:35:14,359 Speaker 1: in the US, and by two thousand nine there were 595 00:35:14,440 --> 00:35:19,600 Speaker 1: just under two thousand. Decline in less than twenty five years, 596 00:35:20,520 --> 00:35:24,239 Speaker 1: and so essentially what they're creating of these super landfills, um, 597 00:35:25,040 --> 00:35:28,439 Speaker 1: which is kind of cool, fewer landfills, right, but what's 598 00:35:28,480 --> 00:35:35,279 Speaker 1: the problem, Um, do you know stinkier landfills? What the 599 00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:39,680 Speaker 1: problem is is you're now trucking garbage sometimes five miles 600 00:35:39,719 --> 00:35:42,600 Speaker 1: away to dump in the landfill because your state may 601 00:35:42,640 --> 00:35:45,480 Speaker 1: not even have one. So then they're looking at you 602 00:35:45,560 --> 00:35:48,840 Speaker 1: know how much c O two is used to do that? Um? Like, 603 00:35:49,040 --> 00:35:52,200 Speaker 1: is it really greener to have fewer landfills and truck 604 00:35:52,280 --> 00:35:56,560 Speaker 1: your garbage on a train or in a truck every day? Uh? 605 00:35:56,680 --> 00:35:59,880 Speaker 1: And they basically say they don't really know. Which is 606 00:36:00,040 --> 00:36:03,359 Speaker 1: back to burning everything? Which is more environmentally friendly? Um? 607 00:36:03,640 --> 00:36:06,120 Speaker 1: In different states? Apparently there's a lot of money in it. 608 00:36:06,239 --> 00:36:10,319 Speaker 1: Different states have way more room than others. And then 609 00:36:10,360 --> 00:36:12,480 Speaker 1: some states don't even want that stuff. Of course, in 610 00:36:12,520 --> 00:36:16,319 Speaker 1: the Northeast, like Massachusetts are like, we don't want landfills 611 00:36:16,880 --> 00:36:19,960 Speaker 1: in our state, the Rhode Island. Same way they send 612 00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:22,800 Speaker 1: it to Springfield, they send it to Kentucky. Well, no, 613 00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:28,440 Speaker 1: remember the commissioner episode he accepted other states to waste. Yeah, 614 00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:32,600 Speaker 1: that's exactly what's happening. Um. Let me see, Arkansas has 615 00:36:32,719 --> 00:36:36,040 Speaker 1: enough capacity for more than six hundred years of trash 616 00:36:36,160 --> 00:36:39,160 Speaker 1: without any more facilities being opened. There you go we'll 617 00:36:39,239 --> 00:36:42,319 Speaker 1: just send it all to Arkansas. Whereas Rhode Island only 618 00:36:42,360 --> 00:36:45,120 Speaker 1: has twelve years remaining. New York State only has twenty 619 00:36:45,160 --> 00:36:48,160 Speaker 1: five years of capacity left. Send it to Arkansas. So 620 00:36:48,600 --> 00:36:52,439 Speaker 1: that's what they're doing. Um, Kentucky is twenty nine dollars 621 00:36:52,520 --> 00:36:56,320 Speaker 1: per ton, making about six billion dollars a year. Ohio 622 00:36:56,600 --> 00:37:00,239 Speaker 1: twenty one billion dollars a year of available land phil 623 00:37:00,280 --> 00:37:03,560 Speaker 1: space because Ohio knows how to negotiate. That's right, the 624 00:37:03,640 --> 00:37:07,279 Speaker 1: Buckeye State, that's right. Don't tread on me. That's New 625 00:37:07,360 --> 00:37:12,160 Speaker 1: Hampshire the Tea Party. I think it's either New Hampshire, Vermont, 626 00:37:12,719 --> 00:37:15,279 Speaker 1: one of those you know New Hampshires is lived for 627 00:37:15,360 --> 00:37:19,200 Speaker 1: your die and make their inmates make those license plates. Yeah, no, 628 00:37:19,320 --> 00:37:21,160 Speaker 1: don't tread on me wasn't a state motto. And I 629 00:37:21,200 --> 00:37:24,000 Speaker 1: think that was just flag with the cut up snake 630 00:37:24,600 --> 00:37:28,120 Speaker 1: right that the Tea Party adopted. Remember did they adopt that? Yeah? 631 00:37:28,440 --> 00:37:30,920 Speaker 1: So yeah, if you see a bumper sticker with one 632 00:37:31,000 --> 00:37:32,719 Speaker 1: of those flags on it, they're not just like a 633 00:37:32,800 --> 00:37:34,880 Speaker 1: history buff or anything. Yeah. Or if it says who 634 00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:38,719 Speaker 1: was John Galt? Yeah that that that'll tell you something 635 00:37:38,760 --> 00:37:40,799 Speaker 1: about the driver of that vehicle was that a Tom 636 00:37:40,880 --> 00:37:43,520 Speaker 1: Cruise movie. No John Galt was the main character, and 637 00:37:43,960 --> 00:37:47,160 Speaker 1: Atlas shrugged, Oh yeah, I ran, I'm thinking of Jack Reacher. 638 00:37:48,480 --> 00:37:50,680 Speaker 1: If you want to know more about landfills, you can 639 00:37:50,800 --> 00:37:53,319 Speaker 1: type that word into the search part how stuff works 640 00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:55,600 Speaker 1: dot com and uh, I said search bar. So it's 641 00:37:55,640 --> 00:38:00,680 Speaker 1: time for a listener, ma'il. I needna call this very 642 00:38:00,760 --> 00:38:06,680 Speaker 1: sad email but uplifting at the same time. Hey guys, 643 00:38:06,719 --> 00:38:08,920 Speaker 1: two weeks ago, my amazing and wonderful father in law, 644 00:38:08,960 --> 00:38:12,600 Speaker 1: Walter passed away. We had to drop everything, my husband 645 00:38:12,640 --> 00:38:14,800 Speaker 1: and son and I and fly from Florida to Germany, 646 00:38:14,840 --> 00:38:17,280 Speaker 1: where he lived. He's been in my world for twenty 647 00:38:17,320 --> 00:38:19,399 Speaker 1: four and my fifty years. And I was so sad. 648 00:38:19,480 --> 00:38:21,200 Speaker 1: I felt like I was going to throw up all 649 00:38:21,280 --> 00:38:23,759 Speaker 1: the time. When we arrived in Germany, walking through the 650 00:38:23,800 --> 00:38:26,200 Speaker 1: front door of the family home without him there was 651 00:38:26,239 --> 00:38:27,560 Speaker 1: one of the hardest things I've ever had to do. 652 00:38:28,040 --> 00:38:31,640 Speaker 1: That was and is devastating. My husband and youngest son 653 00:38:31,800 --> 00:38:35,360 Speaker 1: and I sat in the dark days for days, mixing 654 00:38:35,440 --> 00:38:38,480 Speaker 1: the crying mixed with crying and feeling lost. I always 655 00:38:38,480 --> 00:38:40,800 Speaker 1: listen to podcasts while I run, though, which I do 656 00:38:40,960 --> 00:38:43,440 Speaker 1: every day, and after ten days of being there in Germany, 657 00:38:43,440 --> 00:38:46,200 Speaker 1: I finally decided to cue up one of your podcasts 658 00:38:46,200 --> 00:38:48,920 Speaker 1: while running. It was Blood Types. I laughed for the 659 00:38:49,000 --> 00:38:52,520 Speaker 1: first time in two weeks out loud. Guys. It was 660 00:38:52,560 --> 00:38:54,320 Speaker 1: so nice to laugh again, and it really opened the 661 00:38:54,360 --> 00:38:56,480 Speaker 1: door for me. I realized that we as a family 662 00:38:56,640 --> 00:38:59,200 Speaker 1: are going through was so tough. But I also started 663 00:38:59,200 --> 00:39:03,040 Speaker 1: to realize that if I laugh, than I could heal. Uh. Yesterday, 664 00:39:03,120 --> 00:39:05,440 Speaker 1: my husband and I, still in Germany, decided to go 665 00:39:05,880 --> 00:39:09,040 Speaker 1: UH to walk to the nursing home where my aunt lives, 666 00:39:09,719 --> 00:39:11,840 Speaker 1: which is two and a half hours through the forest, 667 00:39:11,960 --> 00:39:14,440 Speaker 1: up and down hills. I love this family. By the way, 668 00:39:15,120 --> 00:39:17,680 Speaker 1: walking to the nursing home like that, we of course 669 00:39:17,760 --> 00:39:20,040 Speaker 1: brought our thirteen year old son, Oliver, who was moaning. 670 00:39:20,040 --> 00:39:22,480 Speaker 1: After about twenty minutes of walking, I handed into my 671 00:39:22,560 --> 00:39:25,640 Speaker 1: phone and he listened to UH three Stuff you Should 672 00:39:25,640 --> 00:39:28,759 Speaker 1: Know podcasts along the way and is now hooked. He 673 00:39:28,920 --> 00:39:31,480 Speaker 1: loves you, guys. My husband and I had a badly 674 00:39:31,560 --> 00:39:34,480 Speaker 1: needed quiet, get in touch with nature walk as a result, 675 00:39:34,800 --> 00:39:36,359 Speaker 1: and we didn't have to listen to our sun moan 676 00:39:36,480 --> 00:39:39,520 Speaker 1: at all. Uh More, long walks are in his future 677 00:39:39,520 --> 00:39:41,040 Speaker 1: as long as I have you guys on my phone. 678 00:39:41,520 --> 00:39:45,560 Speaker 1: And Oliver also asked me along the walk, wait a minute, mom, 679 00:39:45,960 --> 00:39:48,920 Speaker 1: these guys get paid to do this. When I said yes, 680 00:39:49,040 --> 00:39:54,280 Speaker 1: I saw a sparkle in his eye. I love this email. Boom, 681 00:39:54,480 --> 00:39:58,480 Speaker 1: that is from Jennifer and Jennifer. That is awesome. I uh, 682 00:39:58,880 --> 00:40:01,920 Speaker 1: those mean the most us. Yeah, I mean that was 683 00:40:01,960 --> 00:40:04,279 Speaker 1: a great top not to email. Great email and those 684 00:40:04,320 --> 00:40:06,000 Speaker 1: more to it. Even I had to leave out some 685 00:40:06,120 --> 00:40:09,600 Speaker 1: of it for Lincoln Jennifer right, Jennifer and Oliver her 686 00:40:09,640 --> 00:40:13,480 Speaker 1: son and she doesn't even anonymous husband anonymous husband on 687 00:40:13,719 --> 00:40:16,840 Speaker 1: name notes. But yeah, thanks a lot, Jennifer. We appreciate 688 00:40:16,920 --> 00:40:19,840 Speaker 1: you letting us know that that's a again great email. 689 00:40:20,320 --> 00:40:22,120 Speaker 1: And uh, if you out there want to let us 690 00:40:22,160 --> 00:40:25,399 Speaker 1: know how we've helped you or hindered you or even 691 00:40:25,560 --> 00:40:29,120 Speaker 1: woken you up from a deep sleep. If you're French, um, 692 00:40:29,760 --> 00:40:32,080 Speaker 1: you can tweet to us at s Y s K podcast. 693 00:40:32,400 --> 00:40:34,479 Speaker 1: You can join us on Facebook dot com slash stuff 694 00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:36,320 Speaker 1: we Should Know. You can send us an email to 695 00:40:36,440 --> 00:40:38,960 Speaker 1: Stuff Podcast at how stuff works dot com and has 696 00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:41,520 Speaker 1: always join us at our home on the web, Stuff 697 00:40:41,520 --> 00:40:48,600 Speaker 1: you should Know dot com for more on this and 698 00:40:48,680 --> 00:40:51,200 Speaker 1: thousands of other topics. Does it, How stuff works, dot 699 00:40:51,280 --> 00:40:51,480 Speaker 1: com