1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:04,120 Speaker 1: Hey everybody, thanks for tuning in, fellow ridiculous historians. We're 2 00:00:04,160 --> 00:00:06,960 Speaker 1: taking a week for the end of the year. I'm 3 00:00:07,000 --> 00:00:10,880 Speaker 1: going to have a little vacation and go on some adventures. 4 00:00:10,920 --> 00:00:12,840 Speaker 1: We didn't want to leave you hanging, so we're coming 5 00:00:12,880 --> 00:00:15,560 Speaker 1: to you with some of our favorite classic episodes of Noel. 6 00:00:15,760 --> 00:00:20,960 Speaker 1: You mentioned it earlier this week. We uh, we had 7 00:00:20,960 --> 00:00:24,200 Speaker 1: some episodes from back in seventeen. How long have we 8 00:00:24,280 --> 00:00:29,479 Speaker 1: been doing with this? I guess since about right it was. 9 00:00:29,680 --> 00:00:31,360 Speaker 1: I think it was the first year. These all feel 10 00:00:31,400 --> 00:00:34,239 Speaker 1: like you're one kind of kind of Epps Max is 11 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:37,440 Speaker 1: waving or he's saying five years. He said, Ben, damn it, 12 00:00:37,479 --> 00:00:43,720 Speaker 1: five years. Time flies when you're being dumb. That's right. Well, okay, 13 00:00:43,720 --> 00:00:48,199 Speaker 1: now I'm glad you brought that up because this classic episode. Uh, 14 00:00:48,280 --> 00:00:52,400 Speaker 1: when you first hear about it, you might think we're 15 00:00:52,440 --> 00:00:56,520 Speaker 1: talking about dumb people, but keep in mind, everybody throughout 16 00:00:56,520 --> 00:01:00,160 Speaker 1: the span of history is about it, just as or 17 00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:03,920 Speaker 1: as people born in two right or people in the 18 00:01:03,960 --> 00:01:07,680 Speaker 1: modern day. I think that's very charitable. Ben Um, I 19 00:01:07,680 --> 00:01:13,000 Speaker 1: would somewhat disagree, but we can agree to somewhat disagree 20 00:01:13,040 --> 00:01:16,360 Speaker 1: on this. I think we're all gifted with the same equipment, 21 00:01:16,480 --> 00:01:18,440 Speaker 1: Can we put it that way? But then you know, 22 00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:21,280 Speaker 1: it always is a combination of nature and nurture, and 23 00:01:21,319 --> 00:01:24,839 Speaker 1: the nurture aspect in olden times was often a little 24 00:01:24,840 --> 00:01:28,160 Speaker 1: bit on the ignorant side. Let's just say, yeah, that's fair, 25 00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:31,160 Speaker 1: how about we do it this way. People are great 26 00:01:31,160 --> 00:01:34,440 Speaker 1: at working with the information they're given. That's right, And 27 00:01:34,920 --> 00:01:38,000 Speaker 1: innovation comes from folks that think outside of the information 28 00:01:38,040 --> 00:01:42,880 Speaker 1: they're given and contribute to new information being available for others. Uh. 29 00:01:43,040 --> 00:01:47,600 Speaker 1: Sometimes they're burned at mistakes, which is and sometimes they 30 00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:52,280 Speaker 1: spend their entire lives increasingly convinced that they are made 31 00:01:52,280 --> 00:01:56,680 Speaker 1: of glass and will shatter if anyone touches them. That 32 00:01:56,800 --> 00:02:27,000 Speaker 1: checks out ridiculous history as a production. Know. I heart radio. Yeah, welcome, Welcome, Welcome, 33 00:02:27,120 --> 00:02:30,200 Speaker 1: ladies and gentlemen. My name is Ben, and I am 34 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:33,000 Speaker 1: about to ask a massive favor of my co host, 35 00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:35,520 Speaker 1: who doesn't know what I'm about to ask, but is 36 00:02:35,919 --> 00:02:38,320 Speaker 1: so super cool one of my best friends, and hopefully 37 00:02:38,360 --> 00:02:40,280 Speaker 1: isn't mad at me for putting them on this. I'm 38 00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:42,200 Speaker 1: mad at you, like in advance. I also just banged 39 00:02:42,200 --> 00:02:44,680 Speaker 1: my knee on the desk here, so I'm super cranky, 40 00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:49,720 Speaker 1: but go ahead, alright, okay, ladies, gentlemen. Uh Noel Brown. Uh, 41 00:02:49,840 --> 00:02:57,440 Speaker 1: Noel is a very talented multi instrumentalist and has pipes 42 00:02:57,520 --> 00:02:59,880 Speaker 1: for the Angels. So, Noel, I was going to ask you, 43 00:03:00,480 --> 00:03:04,359 Speaker 1: uh if you could do uh just a small rendition 44 00:03:04,880 --> 00:03:10,240 Speaker 1: of that Heart of Glass song? Absolutely not all right, 45 00:03:11,160 --> 00:03:15,400 Speaker 1: damn David d I did find out a swattered town, 46 00:03:15,400 --> 00:03:24,680 Speaker 1: a piano, a dude bell, leave it up down that one. Yeah, 47 00:03:24,960 --> 00:03:27,040 Speaker 1: thank you. I don't know that I'm see. I may 48 00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:29,880 Speaker 1: have pipes of the Angels, but unlike my my dear 49 00:03:29,919 --> 00:03:32,840 Speaker 1: friend Frank, who hopefully is listening, I don't remember lyrics 50 00:03:33,360 --> 00:03:37,240 Speaker 1: quite well. Well, the melody was important there, That's exactly. 51 00:03:37,840 --> 00:03:40,680 Speaker 1: And you might ask, then why are you putting why 52 00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:44,160 Speaker 1: are you putting this poor guy on? I'd like to know. 53 00:03:44,360 --> 00:03:47,080 Speaker 1: You can feel the attention in the room here. Our 54 00:03:47,280 --> 00:03:52,800 Speaker 1: super producer, Casey Pegram is uh raising up the yellow 55 00:03:52,840 --> 00:03:56,320 Speaker 1: card for me. That means I'm not oh oh wow, 56 00:03:56,320 --> 00:03:58,680 Speaker 1: he had one. He did. I was, I was making 57 00:03:58,680 --> 00:04:01,640 Speaker 1: that up. Oh gosh, okay, I'll teach you, Yeah, I'll 58 00:04:01,640 --> 00:04:06,400 Speaker 1: teach me. You guys are amazing. We are talking about 59 00:04:06,440 --> 00:04:13,880 Speaker 1: a very very very very strange phenomenon in European history today. 60 00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:15,920 Speaker 1: And I guess we'll just set it up this way. 61 00:04:16,120 --> 00:04:21,080 Speaker 1: In fourteen two, King Charles the sixth died after ruling 62 00:04:21,120 --> 00:04:24,800 Speaker 1: France for more than four decades forty years. He had 63 00:04:24,839 --> 00:04:27,840 Speaker 1: a couple of different nicknames. One of them was Charles 64 00:04:27,880 --> 00:04:31,480 Speaker 1: the Mad, the Mad King, the Mad King, Charles the Mad? 65 00:04:31,640 --> 00:04:34,200 Speaker 1: Is he the one who set everyone on fire? And 66 00:04:34,360 --> 00:04:36,880 Speaker 1: I'm sorry, that's that's that's not real, that's Game of Thrones. 67 00:04:38,800 --> 00:04:40,680 Speaker 1: But man, what a great show. Just while we're at 68 00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:42,520 Speaker 1: a pretty pretty dope show. I feel like Winds of 69 00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:46,839 Speaker 1: Winter that next book is never gonna come out. George R. Martin, 70 00:04:46,880 --> 00:04:50,480 Speaker 1: if you're listening to do whatever you want, man, Yeah, 71 00:04:50,880 --> 00:04:55,280 Speaker 1: it's fine. You don't owe anything. Come on, HBO will 72 00:04:55,279 --> 00:04:57,280 Speaker 1: finish it for you. It's fine. Oh that it probably 73 00:04:57,360 --> 00:05:01,200 Speaker 1: is true. Charles the Mad, although did not burn an 74 00:05:01,320 --> 00:05:05,280 Speaker 1: entire palace's worth of people, was still uh, kind of 75 00:05:05,279 --> 00:05:08,160 Speaker 1: wonky and we touched a little touched, Yeah, yeah, but 76 00:05:09,040 --> 00:05:12,320 Speaker 1: a bit different. And he may have been the first 77 00:05:12,640 --> 00:05:16,720 Speaker 1: person to exhibit what is known as the glass delusion. 78 00:05:17,040 --> 00:05:19,279 Speaker 1: What do you think about this one, Noel, Yeah, I 79 00:05:19,279 --> 00:05:22,520 Speaker 1: don't know. I mean, it's it's sure as specific, like 80 00:05:22,600 --> 00:05:26,240 Speaker 1: how would you arrive at this particular conclusion that you 81 00:05:26,320 --> 00:05:33,080 Speaker 1: are made of glass and would break? So this delusion 82 00:05:33,960 --> 00:05:38,719 Speaker 1: for our boy Charles was brought on by melancholy, which 83 00:05:38,760 --> 00:05:42,320 Speaker 1: is a fabulous film from from Lars von Trier. And 84 00:05:42,400 --> 00:05:43,720 Speaker 1: I thought it was a made up word, but it's 85 00:05:43,720 --> 00:05:47,920 Speaker 1: actually what they used to refer to depression as um. 86 00:05:47,960 --> 00:05:50,560 Speaker 1: And this continued to pop up weirdly because, like I said, 87 00:05:50,560 --> 00:05:53,599 Speaker 1: it seem like such a specific malady tied to a 88 00:05:53,640 --> 00:05:56,960 Speaker 1: particular person and a very you know, particular kind of delusion. 89 00:05:57,080 --> 00:06:01,000 Speaker 1: But it kept popping up throughout history. Even Hippocrates, um, 90 00:06:01,240 --> 00:06:04,480 Speaker 1: you know, used the term melancolia in his book of Aphorisms, 91 00:06:04,800 --> 00:06:09,560 Speaker 1: called it a long lasting fright or despondency and a 92 00:06:09,600 --> 00:06:16,760 Speaker 1: profound depression. Again, the term over time became depression, right right. Uh. 93 00:06:16,839 --> 00:06:21,240 Speaker 1: The condition of melancholia affected people who are isolated, who 94 00:06:21,240 --> 00:06:24,760 Speaker 1: are generally around a lot of people, and ding ding 95 00:06:24,839 --> 00:06:27,640 Speaker 1: ding ding ding. That sounds like something that could easily 96 00:06:27,680 --> 00:06:30,640 Speaker 1: happen to a queen or a king, especially just being 97 00:06:30,680 --> 00:06:33,960 Speaker 1: surrounded by you know, sycophants who just tell you what 98 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:36,080 Speaker 1: you want to hear, and being completely isolated from any 99 00:06:36,279 --> 00:06:40,200 Speaker 1: real meaningful let's say, human contact, maybe even not knowing 100 00:06:40,360 --> 00:06:44,640 Speaker 1: enough to differentiate to right. Scary, Yeah, it's super scary. 101 00:06:44,880 --> 00:06:48,440 Speaker 1: So some of these folks with melancholia in this time, uh, 102 00:06:48,480 --> 00:06:54,160 Speaker 1: this condition produced this glass delusion, which was also m 103 00:06:54,600 --> 00:07:01,240 Speaker 1: accompanied by something called photophobia, which is sensitivity to light. Yes, yeah, oh, 104 00:07:01,320 --> 00:07:04,920 Speaker 1: and we should mention just for background for the time here. 105 00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:10,360 Speaker 1: Charles was born in thirteen sixty eight in December and 106 00:07:10,440 --> 00:07:15,040 Speaker 1: died in October fourteen two. The mad wasn't his only nickname. 107 00:07:15,120 --> 00:07:18,680 Speaker 1: He was also called the beloved man. That's too two 108 00:07:18,680 --> 00:07:21,800 Speaker 1: extremes there. That's very wise. You can be mad and 109 00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:25,640 Speaker 1: and beloved. Yeah, sure, I mean maybe the madness was 110 00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:27,360 Speaker 1: sort of like cookie and then it didn't like he 111 00:07:27,400 --> 00:07:31,160 Speaker 1: didn't like, you know, murder his his people in droves. 112 00:07:31,200 --> 00:07:33,160 Speaker 1: He just was a little a little touched and maybe 113 00:07:33,160 --> 00:07:35,800 Speaker 1: some people found it charming. And he was convinced. He 114 00:07:35,920 --> 00:07:41,520 Speaker 1: was convinced that he was physically made of glass. He 115 00:07:41,640 --> 00:07:46,840 Speaker 1: did some He had some very specific request or demands 116 00:07:47,640 --> 00:07:51,200 Speaker 1: from everyone in court, so he needed to have special clothes. 117 00:07:51,400 --> 00:07:53,880 Speaker 1: He demanded they have special clothes made for his person 118 00:07:54,640 --> 00:07:59,360 Speaker 1: to protect him from the possibility of shattering like reinforced 119 00:07:59,400 --> 00:08:01,400 Speaker 1: with iron and on the inside I can picture is 120 00:08:01,400 --> 00:08:05,800 Speaker 1: almost like a strange kind of exoskeleton, right. And he 121 00:08:05,880 --> 00:08:09,240 Speaker 1: would not allow people to touch him, um, because he 122 00:08:09,360 --> 00:08:13,640 Speaker 1: was afraid that they would break him into tiny smithereens. 123 00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:16,400 Speaker 1: And this is not something that was just a passing 124 00:08:16,480 --> 00:08:21,360 Speaker 1: fancy for him. It followed him throughout his entire life, right. 125 00:08:21,640 --> 00:08:26,360 Speaker 1: And he was not the only member of the royalty 126 00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:30,640 Speaker 1: with this same delusion. There was also Princess Alexandra Omily 127 00:08:30,800 --> 00:08:35,880 Speaker 1: of Bavaria, and she believed that because she had swallowed 128 00:08:35,960 --> 00:08:39,360 Speaker 1: a glass grand piano as a child, that it is 129 00:08:39,920 --> 00:08:44,160 Speaker 1: somehow turned her into fragile class. That's a bit of 130 00:08:44,160 --> 00:08:47,920 Speaker 1: a jump, yes, yeah, And you can hear this case 131 00:08:47,960 --> 00:08:53,520 Speaker 1: discussed the Princess Alexandrew's case discussed in detail in stuff 132 00:08:53,520 --> 00:08:55,800 Speaker 1: you missed in history class. Yeah, that you don't have 133 00:08:55,800 --> 00:08:58,199 Speaker 1: a so called the princess who swallowed a glass piano. 134 00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:01,680 Speaker 1: It's a very appropriate title. Let's just a backtrack here 135 00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:06,959 Speaker 1: one second. How does one acquire a tiny glass grand piano? 136 00:09:07,240 --> 00:09:11,440 Speaker 1: A and and how do you accidentally swallow it? Well, 137 00:09:11,760 --> 00:09:15,079 Speaker 1: obviously you are trying to play it with your mouth, 138 00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:17,200 Speaker 1: you know. I once thought that I swallowed an entire 139 00:09:17,280 --> 00:09:20,559 Speaker 1: wrapped cough drop, and it turns out that I didn't 140 00:09:20,559 --> 00:09:22,600 Speaker 1: and actually do that. But I spent a whole day 141 00:09:22,880 --> 00:09:25,320 Speaker 1: convinced that I had swallowed a cough drop that was 142 00:09:25,360 --> 00:09:27,920 Speaker 1: a reco lock that was wrapped, and then I found 143 00:09:27,960 --> 00:09:31,600 Speaker 1: it later in my pocket, and um, I felt very foolish. 144 00:09:31,679 --> 00:09:34,520 Speaker 1: But I spent that day kind of probably feeling a 145 00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:37,679 Speaker 1: little bit how this princess might have felt. Um, you know, 146 00:09:38,120 --> 00:09:40,199 Speaker 1: maybe a little bit less extreme, but you know, I 147 00:09:40,400 --> 00:09:42,600 Speaker 1: definitely felt something was off. I didn't feel like I 148 00:09:42,640 --> 00:09:45,480 Speaker 1: was made of reco luck, but you know, I was spooked. 149 00:09:45,800 --> 00:09:51,240 Speaker 1: And sometimes obsessive thoughts can haunt us. You know, imagine 150 00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:55,680 Speaker 1: if you've ever had I'm not equivocating these things entirely, 151 00:09:55,800 --> 00:09:58,280 Speaker 1: but just by way of comparison, to imagine if you 152 00:09:58,360 --> 00:10:01,000 Speaker 1: ever had a song stuck in your head to the 153 00:10:01,040 --> 00:10:07,640 Speaker 1: point that it becomes tortuous. Right, Oh, it's not that bad. 154 00:10:08,920 --> 00:10:11,520 Speaker 1: That song is not gonna get second because it's not 155 00:10:11,559 --> 00:10:14,000 Speaker 1: gonna happen. What doesn't happen to me? You and I 156 00:10:14,120 --> 00:10:19,520 Speaker 1: can't live ever, No, no, okay, no, I'm gonna get you. 157 00:10:20,240 --> 00:10:22,920 Speaker 1: You could try I forget you, well, hopefully you will 158 00:10:22,960 --> 00:10:26,079 Speaker 1: have it. We have a long, long future ahead of that. 159 00:10:26,520 --> 00:10:30,560 Speaker 1: Uh of you trying to get songs stuck in my head? Okay, 160 00:10:30,800 --> 00:10:33,440 Speaker 1: And uh, the thing is that when you have a 161 00:10:33,480 --> 00:10:36,400 Speaker 1: song stuck in your head and uh, this thought that 162 00:10:36,440 --> 00:10:40,840 Speaker 1: will not leave. This unwelcome visitor. Yeah, it's unwelcome visitor 163 00:10:40,920 --> 00:10:43,199 Speaker 1: that shows up in the house of your mind, that 164 00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:48,679 Speaker 1: makes itself at home and begins altering the interior decoration. Uh. 165 00:10:49,040 --> 00:10:52,920 Speaker 1: Compulsive thoughts, thoughts that you don't want to have but 166 00:10:53,080 --> 00:10:57,720 Speaker 1: you cannot escape, can occur for very long periods of time. 167 00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:01,319 Speaker 1: So this isn't just guess from saying this, because this 168 00:11:01,400 --> 00:11:04,880 Speaker 1: is not just restricted to the glass delusion, which by 169 00:11:04,920 --> 00:11:08,120 Speaker 1: the way, was one of the most prevalent delusions of 170 00:11:08,120 --> 00:11:10,400 Speaker 1: its time. That's the whole point here that's so interesting, 171 00:11:10,440 --> 00:11:13,960 Speaker 1: And a lot of that is tied to the actual 172 00:11:14,480 --> 00:11:21,120 Speaker 1: technology of glass. Yeah, so it's spread to anything that 173 00:11:21,320 --> 00:11:25,439 Speaker 1: contained glass as well. There's a history of psychiatry paper 174 00:11:25,480 --> 00:11:31,360 Speaker 1: from that dives into this type of melancholy and shows 175 00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:33,880 Speaker 1: that other people had delusions where they thought they were 176 00:11:33,920 --> 00:11:36,920 Speaker 1: specifically flasked or what you and I would refer to 177 00:11:36,960 --> 00:11:40,200 Speaker 1: as urinals in the modern day, or oil lamps or 178 00:11:40,360 --> 00:11:43,680 Speaker 1: like any number of other glass receptacles totally. But it 179 00:11:43,720 --> 00:11:48,000 Speaker 1: was also the new invention of clear glass that is 180 00:11:48,200 --> 00:11:52,040 Speaker 1: largely blamed for the this delusion because people just had 181 00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:55,840 Speaker 1: not seen this before and it appeared as magic, It 182 00:11:55,880 --> 00:11:59,600 Speaker 1: appeared as something utterly mystical, and you know, you could 183 00:11:59,640 --> 00:12:02,960 Speaker 1: probably we see how something like that might play into 184 00:12:03,080 --> 00:12:08,400 Speaker 1: the delusions of people that are possibly predisposed to those 185 00:12:08,440 --> 00:12:13,079 Speaker 1: cyclical thoughts that you're talking about right exactly, because according 186 00:12:13,120 --> 00:12:18,960 Speaker 1: to the author of this paper, Gil Speak the melancholiacs 187 00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:22,920 Speaker 1: whose delusions manifested this way. It was manifesting because it 188 00:12:23,040 --> 00:12:26,079 Speaker 1: was a need to protect the body, and they were 189 00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:31,960 Speaker 1: often also preoccupied with protecting their souls. So in a 190 00:12:32,080 --> 00:12:34,600 Speaker 1: layered way, in a layer Kate kind of way, this 191 00:12:34,679 --> 00:12:38,920 Speaker 1: delusion might have been a side effect or symptom consequence 192 00:12:39,040 --> 00:12:43,199 Speaker 1: of the internal struggle dealing with the metaphysical reality of death, 193 00:12:43,880 --> 00:12:48,400 Speaker 1: and of course the overwhelming desire to avoid death at 194 00:12:48,480 --> 00:12:55,439 Speaker 1: all costs, which is still very understandable in yeah, I'm 195 00:12:55,480 --> 00:12:58,720 Speaker 1: into it as well, and these issues have not disappeared. 196 00:12:59,280 --> 00:13:01,760 Speaker 1: You know, if you're isolated from people today and you're 197 00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:05,559 Speaker 1: you're suffering from mental illness, you can see how it 198 00:13:05,640 --> 00:13:08,600 Speaker 1: would make sense to imagine yourself as a material that's 199 00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:15,600 Speaker 1: easily breakable, largely invisible, incredibly fragile. I mean, we're all 200 00:13:15,640 --> 00:13:17,640 Speaker 1: living in a material world, and I'm a material girl 201 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:30,680 Speaker 1: made of material. In Speaks paper in this review, they 202 00:13:30,800 --> 00:13:35,000 Speaker 1: address this concept of mortality, and there's a there's a 203 00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:41,120 Speaker 1: fantastic quote here that builds after speak is placing this concept, 204 00:13:41,240 --> 00:13:49,280 Speaker 1: this delusion in the context of theologians reacting to the 205 00:13:50,080 --> 00:13:54,680 Speaker 1: world of free thinkers versus the strict boundaries of orthodoxy, right, like, 206 00:13:54,880 --> 00:13:56,960 Speaker 1: is it is it heretical to think that you were 207 00:13:57,000 --> 00:13:59,920 Speaker 1: made of glass in a world that is governed by 208 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:04,240 Speaker 1: a strict religious monotheistic dogma, where there is absolute God 209 00:14:04,280 --> 00:14:10,440 Speaker 1: with an absolute plan. So people tried to people tried 210 00:14:10,520 --> 00:14:13,959 Speaker 1: to address this both as a social conundru man and 211 00:14:14,040 --> 00:14:17,599 Speaker 1: internal struggle. And I'll just read the quote here, and 212 00:14:17,600 --> 00:14:20,440 Speaker 1: I want to see what you think. For those whose 213 00:14:20,480 --> 00:14:24,120 Speaker 1: faith was strong enough to shoulder the church's advocation to 214 00:14:24,200 --> 00:14:27,560 Speaker 1: prepare one's self for dying, and there was prolific literature 215 00:14:27,560 --> 00:14:32,560 Speaker 1: on this topic, the melancholic delusions manifests itself in a 216 00:14:32,760 --> 00:14:38,400 Speaker 1: fervent wish to be released from this earthly form. James 217 00:14:38,400 --> 00:14:41,000 Speaker 1: Howell as an example of this is reflections as he 218 00:14:41,080 --> 00:14:46,120 Speaker 1: languished imprisoned embody the manifestations of the glass delusion. The 219 00:14:46,240 --> 00:14:49,920 Speaker 1: soul is a spark of immortality. She is a divine light, 220 00:14:50,240 --> 00:14:52,400 Speaker 1: and the body is but a socket of clay that 221 00:14:52,520 --> 00:14:55,480 Speaker 1: holds it in. Some this light goes out with an 222 00:14:55,480 --> 00:14:58,440 Speaker 1: ill favored stench, but others have a save all to 223 00:14:58,520 --> 00:15:02,040 Speaker 1: preserve it from making any snuff at all. So this 224 00:15:02,120 --> 00:15:05,840 Speaker 1: idea of like dying a good death, choosing the way 225 00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:09,960 Speaker 1: in which you die seems central to this class delusion 226 00:15:10,280 --> 00:15:12,760 Speaker 1: because now you're you know, if you know you're going 227 00:15:12,800 --> 00:15:15,840 Speaker 1: to die right, and you have a spiritual belief that 228 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:18,720 Speaker 1: something happens after you die, and you live in a 229 00:15:18,760 --> 00:15:23,000 Speaker 1: society that tells you more or less an if then scenario. 230 00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:25,480 Speaker 1: You know, if you are a good person, if you 231 00:15:25,520 --> 00:15:27,520 Speaker 1: follow the rules of the church, then you will go 232 00:15:27,640 --> 00:15:31,600 Speaker 1: to a paradise. You know. It's it's an action of 233 00:15:31,960 --> 00:15:36,000 Speaker 1: retaining control. Like I'm not gonna I'm the king of France. 234 00:15:36,080 --> 00:15:39,120 Speaker 1: I'm not gonna accidentally shatter because I shook someone's hand. 235 00:15:39,280 --> 00:15:42,120 Speaker 1: I'm not done yet. Build me a suit of I 236 00:15:42,120 --> 00:15:43,760 Speaker 1: I see what you're saying, because at first I was 237 00:15:43,800 --> 00:15:45,960 Speaker 1: sort of like, it seems like you'd be very out 238 00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:50,520 Speaker 1: of control. But we've given those powers to guard against 239 00:15:50,560 --> 00:15:53,760 Speaker 1: a something that you could more or less control than. 240 00:15:53,920 --> 00:15:57,400 Speaker 1: Maybe that is a form of that. It's interesting and actually, 241 00:15:57,440 --> 00:16:03,160 Speaker 1: as it turns out, the delusion carried on into the 242 00:16:03,400 --> 00:16:06,680 Speaker 1: into the present even um there are quite a few 243 00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:13,400 Speaker 1: cases of glass delusion up into the eighteen eighties. In 244 00:16:13,960 --> 00:16:19,680 Speaker 1: the footnotes of a Servantes uh home called the Glass 245 00:16:19,760 --> 00:16:24,320 Speaker 1: Graduate um talking about contemporary cases uh in an a 246 00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:28,200 Speaker 1: Parisian asylum and doesn't have too much too much else 247 00:16:28,280 --> 00:16:32,040 Speaker 1: on that, but it does discuss it. Um. Do you 248 00:16:32,120 --> 00:16:33,720 Speaker 1: do you do you know of any other case has 249 00:16:33,760 --> 00:16:40,800 Speaker 1: been Yeah? Actually, uh so. Tchaikovsky Peter Eliot Tchaikovsky has 250 00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:44,640 Speaker 1: some of his actions, some of his neurotic behavior, had 251 00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:50,120 Speaker 1: led people to think that he was suffering something similar 252 00:16:50,200 --> 00:16:52,520 Speaker 1: to the class delusion, at least in terms of his 253 00:16:52,600 --> 00:16:57,400 Speaker 1: perception of his fragility. He had this deep, set, dead 254 00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:02,360 Speaker 1: certain belief that if he did not oldest Chin while 255 00:17:02,400 --> 00:17:06,720 Speaker 1: he was conducting that his head would fall off, physically 256 00:17:07,600 --> 00:17:12,800 Speaker 1: just fall off. And you know, people debate over whether 257 00:17:12,840 --> 00:17:15,600 Speaker 1: this legend is exaggerated, but it seems to have a basis. 258 00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:19,159 Speaker 1: In fact, he had said himself that he felt his 259 00:17:19,200 --> 00:17:23,480 Speaker 1: head would fall sideways unless he constantly fought to keep 260 00:17:23,480 --> 00:17:29,399 Speaker 1: it upright. So he's scared to conduct. And he said 261 00:17:30,359 --> 00:17:35,840 Speaker 1: that he also had a tremendous insecurity about conducting because 262 00:17:35,840 --> 00:17:40,040 Speaker 1: he was aware that his condition might make him look weird, 263 00:17:40,720 --> 00:17:45,119 Speaker 1: if that makes sense. This was an eighteen sixties In 264 00:17:45,280 --> 00:17:48,239 Speaker 1: eighteen eighties six, he said that he was haunted by 265 00:17:48,240 --> 00:17:51,680 Speaker 1: this idea of conducting, but it followed him for quite 266 00:17:51,720 --> 00:17:55,200 Speaker 1: a while in his life. In that servant's story I 267 00:17:55,240 --> 00:17:57,359 Speaker 1: was talking about earlier, the Glass Graduate is actually a 268 00:17:57,400 --> 00:18:01,800 Speaker 1: short story. Um. The circumstances were that the hero of 269 00:18:01,840 --> 00:18:05,840 Speaker 1: the story eats a poisonous fruit, a quince, and it's 270 00:18:05,880 --> 00:18:10,440 Speaker 1: meant to be an aphrodisiac, but it actually triggers the delusion, 271 00:18:11,240 --> 00:18:14,480 Speaker 1: which I would I would think was probably inspired by 272 00:18:14,680 --> 00:18:18,359 Speaker 1: the glass Piano story, that of like ingesting something and 273 00:18:18,400 --> 00:18:21,240 Speaker 1: then having it, you know, having some kind of overpowering 274 00:18:21,280 --> 00:18:25,000 Speaker 1: effect on in your mind, you know, the actual composition 275 00:18:25,200 --> 00:18:29,240 Speaker 1: of your body. And here's another interesting thing. So we said, 276 00:18:29,359 --> 00:18:34,280 Speaker 1: Tchaikovsky is uh suffering from something similar to this, But 277 00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:38,600 Speaker 1: it's not specifically glass. The weird thing is we have 278 00:18:38,640 --> 00:18:41,720 Speaker 1: to ask ourselves, well, what happened? What happened to this 279 00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:46,280 Speaker 1: delusion that was once relatively well known such that authors 280 00:18:46,280 --> 00:18:51,080 Speaker 1: like Servants were writing about it. The general assumption for 281 00:18:51,119 --> 00:18:54,960 Speaker 1: a long time was that around the eighteen thirties, cases 282 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:59,600 Speaker 1: of glass delusion disappear from the literature, from the medical records, 283 00:18:59,680 --> 00:19:02,400 Speaker 1: and at first glance, it would be easy to assume 284 00:19:02,480 --> 00:19:07,119 Speaker 1: that society and culture had changed so extremely over time 285 00:19:07,359 --> 00:19:10,480 Speaker 1: such that people who are suffering from mental illness would 286 00:19:10,520 --> 00:19:14,240 Speaker 1: no longer manifest this particular delusion. Going back to the 287 00:19:14,240 --> 00:19:17,879 Speaker 1: earlier point about new technology, maybe it's a case where 288 00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:21,360 Speaker 1: someone believes they are made of a different new substance. Right, 289 00:19:21,640 --> 00:19:24,639 Speaker 1: just for the sake of argument, carbon fiber. You know, 290 00:19:24,720 --> 00:19:26,679 Speaker 1: we don't know if there's an actual case, but the 291 00:19:26,720 --> 00:19:29,359 Speaker 1: point is like a newer material might have launched the 292 00:19:29,400 --> 00:19:36,960 Speaker 1: same thing. However, a psychiatrist named Andy Lemaine at Leaden 293 00:19:37,080 --> 00:19:42,879 Speaker 1: in the Netherlands uncovered more cases and he felt that 294 00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:49,600 Speaker 1: he was finding an authentic case of genuine class delusion, 295 00:19:50,160 --> 00:19:54,440 Speaker 1: and his research in this field at the Psychiatric Hospital 296 00:19:54,440 --> 00:19:58,240 Speaker 1: in Leyden, where he was serving as director led him 297 00:19:58,280 --> 00:20:02,119 Speaker 1: to discover lost cases were corded after that eighteen thirties 298 00:20:02,560 --> 00:20:08,200 Speaker 1: disappearance day. Uh he found a lecture in eighty three 299 00:20:08,359 --> 00:20:12,439 Speaker 1: from an Edinburgh mental hospital that cited the symptoms of 300 00:20:12,600 --> 00:20:16,240 Speaker 1: three female patients, and one of them was convinced that 301 00:20:16,280 --> 00:20:19,360 Speaker 1: her legs and her back, part of her back, all 302 00:20:19,400 --> 00:20:20,879 Speaker 1: of her back, we don't know, but her legs in 303 00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:25,399 Speaker 1: her back were made of glass. She had such a 304 00:20:25,800 --> 00:20:29,800 Speaker 1: fear of this, of this condition that just like Charles 305 00:20:29,920 --> 00:20:33,639 Speaker 1: the sixth, she would not allow people to touch her. 306 00:20:33,800 --> 00:20:36,520 Speaker 1: Nurses could not get near her to change her clothes 307 00:20:36,920 --> 00:20:38,479 Speaker 1: or help her. And this, you know, this is an 308 00:20:38,520 --> 00:20:41,280 Speaker 1: interesting thing. I don't think we mentioned people who have 309 00:20:41,440 --> 00:20:45,639 Speaker 1: the glass delusion. I think that what's interesting is that 310 00:20:45,680 --> 00:20:49,320 Speaker 1: the glass they imagine comprising their body is much more 311 00:20:49,359 --> 00:20:53,480 Speaker 1: fragile than actual real world class because you could touch 312 00:20:53,680 --> 00:20:56,720 Speaker 1: a class were we hold glasses and drink out of them. Yeah, 313 00:20:56,720 --> 00:20:58,399 Speaker 1: I mean, it's it's a it's a it's more durable 314 00:20:58,400 --> 00:21:00,399 Speaker 1: than you give it credit for. I mean, most of 315 00:21:00,440 --> 00:21:02,879 Speaker 1: the drinking glasses at my house or were Mason jars, 316 00:21:02,880 --> 00:21:05,080 Speaker 1: and I dropped those all the time, and they over 317 00:21:05,160 --> 00:21:07,639 Speaker 1: time do develop little cracks, but they don't usually just 318 00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:11,320 Speaker 1: explode what if? What if these people were made of pyrex? Though? 319 00:21:11,480 --> 00:21:16,600 Speaker 1: You know what happens in pyrex, drops everywhere, explodes everywhere. 320 00:21:16,800 --> 00:21:19,560 Speaker 1: Pretty wild. But then this guy Lemaine, and we was, 321 00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:21,960 Speaker 1: I don't know, we're being a little bit liberal with 322 00:21:21,960 --> 00:21:24,720 Speaker 1: this pronunciation. It's l A M E I J. And 323 00:21:24,800 --> 00:21:27,919 Speaker 1: I'm assuming this soft J. I couldn't find anyone speaking 324 00:21:27,960 --> 00:21:31,360 Speaker 1: it online, but we are doing our best. Um. He 325 00:21:31,520 --> 00:21:35,960 Speaker 1: later discovered a young man at a clinic in Letten, 326 00:21:36,040 --> 00:21:40,719 Speaker 1: the university clinic where he worked, who specifically said he 327 00:21:40,800 --> 00:21:44,080 Speaker 1: was made out of glass. He was so jazzed about 328 00:21:44,080 --> 00:21:49,520 Speaker 1: the opportunity to talk to only like modern day case 329 00:21:50,040 --> 00:21:53,520 Speaker 1: of this that had been found for decades. Uh, and 330 00:21:53,720 --> 00:21:56,560 Speaker 1: was incredibly excited. So he dropped everything he was doing, 331 00:21:56,640 --> 00:21:59,560 Speaker 1: he says, and he you know, high tailed it and 332 00:21:59,560 --> 00:22:01,080 Speaker 1: and made this happened. So he hung out with this 333 00:22:01,160 --> 00:22:05,320 Speaker 1: gentleman for sometime, hours and hours, and he did, in 334 00:22:05,400 --> 00:22:08,480 Speaker 1: fact confirm that the guy believe that he was made 335 00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:11,879 Speaker 1: of glass. There's a fabulous quote from this this patient. 336 00:22:12,600 --> 00:22:16,639 Speaker 1: They're having a conversation and the patient points to a 337 00:22:16,680 --> 00:22:20,560 Speaker 1: window in the room where they're meeting, and he asked 338 00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:24,160 Speaker 1: the professor, what could you see? What can you see? 339 00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:26,600 Speaker 1: This positively cinematic, but it really, as a man of 340 00:22:26,640 --> 00:22:28,880 Speaker 1: that should be a it should be a moment. So uh, 341 00:22:29,040 --> 00:22:32,800 Speaker 1: Lemaine says, well, he gives it the old college go, 342 00:22:33,040 --> 00:22:36,080 Speaker 1: you know, Gold College. Try. He says, I see a street, 343 00:22:36,880 --> 00:22:40,000 Speaker 1: I see some cars, I see some more buildings, and 344 00:22:40,119 --> 00:22:43,199 Speaker 1: I see people walking past. And then a moment of 345 00:22:43,240 --> 00:22:46,879 Speaker 1: silence filled the room. Ah, you missed the glass in 346 00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:49,639 Speaker 1: the window. You didn't see it, but it is there. 347 00:22:50,880 --> 00:22:54,520 Speaker 1: That's me. I'm there and I'm not there, like the 348 00:22:54,520 --> 00:22:59,080 Speaker 1: glass in the window. Spooky. Yeah, yes, spooky, and you 349 00:22:59,119 --> 00:23:01,360 Speaker 1: know what. Not to pat ourselves on the back too much, 350 00:23:01,400 --> 00:23:07,320 Speaker 1: but well done, right, well I think we said that. Thanks. Thanks, 351 00:23:07,359 --> 00:23:11,080 Speaker 1: I can't take all the credit. He didn't want to. 352 00:23:11,520 --> 00:23:13,920 Speaker 1: He wanted to be very careful when he was speaking 353 00:23:14,200 --> 00:23:18,320 Speaker 1: with this patient. He didn't want to accidentally, let's say, 354 00:23:18,400 --> 00:23:21,320 Speaker 1: go too far, too fast, and distort the conversation by 355 00:23:21,480 --> 00:23:24,680 Speaker 1: right out opening up with well maybe you have ideas 356 00:23:24,680 --> 00:23:28,600 Speaker 1: of fragility and transparency and they're manifesting in this way, 357 00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:31,399 Speaker 1: you know. And this led to the glass in the 358 00:23:31,400 --> 00:23:35,119 Speaker 1: window conversation, which again is I can see it, you know, 359 00:23:35,200 --> 00:23:45,920 Speaker 1: I can see that film. So Lemaine continued his conversation 360 00:23:46,040 --> 00:23:50,560 Speaker 1: and ultimately he he came to the belief that, based 361 00:23:50,640 --> 00:23:53,200 Speaker 1: on some of the life events the patient told him about, 362 00:23:53,200 --> 00:23:57,119 Speaker 1: including a recent accident, he believed that the class delusion 363 00:23:57,960 --> 00:24:01,920 Speaker 1: was in a way and a tempt to regain privacy. 364 00:24:02,160 --> 00:24:04,800 Speaker 1: What's interesting about this patient is that he felt that 365 00:24:04,840 --> 00:24:08,320 Speaker 1: he could switch it on and off, so he wasn't 366 00:24:08,359 --> 00:24:11,639 Speaker 1: stuck forever like glass That's cool. He felt like he 367 00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:13,440 Speaker 1: could become it. So that that kind of goes back 368 00:24:13,440 --> 00:24:15,720 Speaker 1: to what you're saying earlier about how you know, in 369 00:24:15,760 --> 00:24:19,479 Speaker 1: the early cases of glass illusion, it almost manifested itself 370 00:24:19,520 --> 00:24:23,840 Speaker 1: as in some as some strange form of control, kind 371 00:24:23,880 --> 00:24:26,639 Speaker 1: of like to be able to control your circumstances um 372 00:24:26,920 --> 00:24:28,840 Speaker 1: or control the manner of your own death or something 373 00:24:28,840 --> 00:24:31,480 Speaker 1: like that. I think that's really interesting, and maybe then 374 00:24:31,640 --> 00:24:38,280 Speaker 1: this means in some ways, this this feeling is something 375 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:42,960 Speaker 1: that comes from the extreme end of the social anxiety scale, 376 00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:46,520 Speaker 1: because we've all had social anxiety at some point, right like, 377 00:24:46,560 --> 00:24:49,280 Speaker 1: I'm I'm assuming I don't want to put you on 378 00:24:49,320 --> 00:24:51,359 Speaker 1: the spot again based on the top of our show, 379 00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:54,200 Speaker 1: but having it right now, buddy, you're having it right now, 380 00:24:55,160 --> 00:24:57,960 Speaker 1: it's gonna be okay now, of course, of course, you know, 381 00:24:58,080 --> 00:25:00,760 Speaker 1: but you got you gotta kind of like you play 382 00:25:00,800 --> 00:25:02,960 Speaker 1: little little tricks with yourself if you have it to 383 00:25:03,040 --> 00:25:05,040 Speaker 1: kind of like, um, get rid of it. And I 384 00:25:05,119 --> 00:25:06,960 Speaker 1: don't know, like this is this seems like a very 385 00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:11,160 Speaker 1: extreme case, but I could certainly see it as being 386 00:25:11,280 --> 00:25:14,800 Speaker 1: some sort of deep seated, you know device. And to 387 00:25:14,840 --> 00:25:18,320 Speaker 1: take a phrase from the Uh Simpsons, one of the 388 00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:21,639 Speaker 1: one of my favorite words they use, we can in 389 00:25:21,800 --> 00:25:26,000 Speaker 1: big end this phenomenon because you see the glass delusion 390 00:25:26,480 --> 00:25:29,400 Speaker 1: feels very specific. And I love the point you made 391 00:25:29,440 --> 00:25:32,679 Speaker 1: about technology because it was new at the time. And 392 00:25:32,760 --> 00:25:35,760 Speaker 1: so now the next question is are there other things 393 00:25:35,800 --> 00:25:39,000 Speaker 1: that function in the same way? Is there another example 394 00:25:39,040 --> 00:25:41,679 Speaker 1: of a new material? Right? I think it used carbon 395 00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:46,600 Speaker 1: fiber just because spoiler alert, I knew that probably wasn't true. Yeah, 396 00:25:46,600 --> 00:25:49,159 Speaker 1: but why not like like cotton candy or something, you know, 397 00:25:49,400 --> 00:25:51,800 Speaker 1: like where does where? Where does it end? Yeah? In 398 00:25:51,840 --> 00:25:56,680 Speaker 1: the nineteenth century, when cement became a popular building material, 399 00:25:57,040 --> 00:26:00,080 Speaker 1: there were people who began to have this belief that 400 00:26:00,119 --> 00:26:02,960 Speaker 1: they were made of cement. And I wonder if it's 401 00:26:03,000 --> 00:26:06,840 Speaker 1: the same thing as uh, you know, people who believe 402 00:26:07,000 --> 00:26:11,000 Speaker 1: that their minds are being hacked in the information age. 403 00:26:11,240 --> 00:26:13,000 Speaker 1: And that's a good point, dude, that's a I mean, 404 00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:14,880 Speaker 1: it's a scary point because again we have to be 405 00:26:14,920 --> 00:26:18,479 Speaker 1: conscious and aware of the fact that just because somebody 406 00:26:18,600 --> 00:26:21,680 Speaker 1: was born in a different point in time doesn't mean 407 00:26:21,720 --> 00:26:26,200 Speaker 1: they were in any way less intelligent. You are right, 408 00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:27,960 Speaker 1: I got the same equipment for sure. And there's just 409 00:26:28,040 --> 00:26:31,760 Speaker 1: different contexts and different historical periods that lead people to, 410 00:26:32,119 --> 00:26:35,159 Speaker 1: you know, experience things different and have different anxieties that 411 00:26:35,200 --> 00:26:38,080 Speaker 1: are tied to their surroundings. And I love the connection 412 00:26:38,119 --> 00:26:41,440 Speaker 1: with technology and with you know, being hacked or you 413 00:26:41,480 --> 00:26:44,080 Speaker 1: know being like surveillance, the idea of like being surveilled 414 00:26:44,119 --> 00:26:46,359 Speaker 1: all the time, with you know, our smartphones and our 415 00:26:46,400 --> 00:26:48,679 Speaker 1: computers listening to us and such. So, I don't know, 416 00:26:48,760 --> 00:26:50,520 Speaker 1: what do you guys think what would be a modern 417 00:26:50,600 --> 00:26:53,440 Speaker 1: day glass delusion? Can you guys think of any equivalence? 418 00:26:54,040 --> 00:26:55,880 Speaker 1: We would love to hear it. And she email us 419 00:26:56,000 --> 00:26:59,000 Speaker 1: I'm made of gack. Yeah, remember gack. I was more 420 00:26:59,040 --> 00:27:02,479 Speaker 1: of a floam guy, your flow. Yeah, like floam And 421 00:27:02,800 --> 00:27:05,000 Speaker 1: my my kid is really into like kinetic sand and 422 00:27:05,040 --> 00:27:06,960 Speaker 1: stuff like that. But yeah, what would be a modern 423 00:27:06,960 --> 00:27:09,479 Speaker 1: equivalent with what do you think about this idea of 424 00:27:09,720 --> 00:27:14,680 Speaker 1: materials magical seeming materials? Is there even anything that could 425 00:27:15,119 --> 00:27:18,480 Speaker 1: uh infect our minds or fascinate us in such a 426 00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:22,360 Speaker 1: way that it could cause a delusion of that magnitude? 427 00:27:22,560 --> 00:27:24,719 Speaker 1: Let us know. Send us an email ridiculous at how 428 00:27:24,760 --> 00:27:27,440 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. And we do want to end 429 00:27:27,520 --> 00:27:30,600 Speaker 1: on a very important note. Although we were talking about 430 00:27:30,640 --> 00:27:34,399 Speaker 1: a fascinating phenomenon in the past, we are not in 431 00:27:34,480 --> 00:27:38,960 Speaker 1: any way ridiculing or casting expersion on people who UH 432 00:27:39,040 --> 00:27:42,080 Speaker 1: find themselves struggling with mental illness to date, if you 433 00:27:42,119 --> 00:27:44,400 Speaker 1: have concerns about yourself or loved when we are lucky 434 00:27:44,480 --> 00:27:46,320 Speaker 1: enough to live in a day and age where there 435 00:27:46,359 --> 00:27:51,120 Speaker 1: are numerous free resources available, and please make use of them. 436 00:27:51,160 --> 00:27:53,840 Speaker 1: And I don't want us to end on a down note. 437 00:27:53,880 --> 00:27:56,920 Speaker 1: It's just important to know that you're not alone. And 438 00:27:57,600 --> 00:28:01,600 Speaker 1: I also want to know gack or floam. I hope 439 00:28:01,640 --> 00:28:04,040 Speaker 1: this is not the issue that finally divides a surremperable 440 00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:07,520 Speaker 1: legal flak. Perhaps flak can you combine the tune that's 441 00:28:07,560 --> 00:28:12,320 Speaker 1: way better than gome? What's gome? I don't even want 442 00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:14,600 Speaker 1: to know. I don't want to know either, but if 443 00:28:14,720 --> 00:28:16,640 Speaker 1: you feel like you have a good pitch for what 444 00:28:16,680 --> 00:28:19,439 Speaker 1: we should identify as go, you can let us know 445 00:28:19,480 --> 00:28:22,240 Speaker 1: what the same email address. You can also find us 446 00:28:22,280 --> 00:28:27,919 Speaker 1: on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. As always, we're still vision 447 00:28:27,960 --> 00:28:31,639 Speaker 1: boarding away for our future Pinterest page, and if you 448 00:28:31,680 --> 00:28:34,520 Speaker 1: feel like it, um bill compelled to do so, throw 449 00:28:34,600 --> 00:28:37,080 Speaker 1: us a review on iTunes. It helps us kind of 450 00:28:37,080 --> 00:28:38,920 Speaker 1: get the show up there and have more people find 451 00:28:38,920 --> 00:28:42,040 Speaker 1: out about it. So um unless unless you'm still we 452 00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:43,760 Speaker 1: can stand us, in which case just keep it to yourself. 453 00:28:43,960 --> 00:28:46,200 Speaker 1: But we are glad that you're listening to us just 454 00:28:46,280 --> 00:28:48,160 Speaker 1: the same, and we hope that you'll join us for 455 00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:58,560 Speaker 1: the next episode of Ridiculous History. Goodbye everyone. For more 456 00:28:58,600 --> 00:29:01,080 Speaker 1: podcasts from my Heart Radio at the i heart Radio app, 457 00:29:01,120 --> 00:29:04,160 Speaker 1: Apple podcast, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows,