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Speaker 1: Hey everyone, it's Eves. I just wanted to let you

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Speaker 1: know that you'll be hearing an episode from me and

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Speaker 1: an episode from Tracy V. Wilson today. I hope you

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Speaker 1: enjoyed the show. Welcome to this Day in History Class

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Speaker 1: from how Stuff Works dot com and from the desk

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Speaker 1: of Stuff you Missed in History Class. It's the show

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Speaker 1: where we explore the past one day at a time

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Speaker 1: with a quick look at what happened today in history. Hello,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy V. Wilson and

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Speaker 1: it's September eight. The Delano Grape Strike began on this

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Speaker 1: day in nineteen. The story goes back to immigration from

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Speaker 1: the Philippines to the mainland United States during the nineteen

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Speaker 1: twenties and thirties. At that time, most immigration to the

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Speaker 1: United States from Asia was banned, but the Philippines was

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Speaker 1: under United States colonial rule. Men from the Philippines were

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Speaker 1: allowed into the United States, but they could not become

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Speaker 1: full US citizens. Most of these men worked as migrant

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Speaker 1: farm laborers. They moved from place to place according to

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Speaker 1: win work needed to be done in the fields and

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Speaker 1: the vineyards, and most of them were also unmarried because

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Speaker 1: of discriminatory anti missagenation laws. It was illegal for Filipino

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Speaker 1: men to marry women who weren't also from the Philippines,

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Speaker 1: But when most of these men were coming to the

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Speaker 1: United States, immigration for Filipino women was restricted, and that

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Speaker 1: didn't change until the nineteen sixties. By the time this

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Speaker 1: strike happened, many of the Filipino men who were working

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Speaker 1: in the fields were in their fifties and sixties, and

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Speaker 1: conditions for them were not good. The pay was very poor.

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Speaker 1: Often there was nowhere to use the bathroom, and when

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Speaker 1: there was, the conditions were not sanitary. The sources of

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Speaker 1: drinking water during the day also tended to be next

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Speaker 1: to these unsanitary bathrooms. So Filipino workers had been advocating

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Speaker 1: for better pay and better working conditions for years. They

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Speaker 1: had formed the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, and when pay

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Speaker 1: cuts were being threatened in the summer of nineteen sixty five,

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Speaker 1: the committee held a vote. That vote took place on

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Speaker 1: septewn Ver seven, and they voted to go on strike.

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Speaker 1: The leaders of this organization and a strike included Larry

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Speaker 1: it Leong. They knew that a strike would only be

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Speaker 1: successful if they also had the participation of Mexican agricultural

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Speaker 1: workers in the area. And this was because the growers

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Speaker 1: in California had been pitting the Filipino and the Mexican

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Speaker 1: workers against each other for years, knowing that divided neither

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Speaker 1: group could really make a stand. They couldn't really advocate

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Speaker 1: for better treatment and better pay. If there was a

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Speaker 1: labor dispute with the Mexican workers, the growers would hire

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Speaker 1: Filipino workers in their place, and vice versa. So it

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Speaker 1: Leong went to Caesar Chavez, who had founded the National

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Speaker 1: farm Workers Association with the Loria S. Whereta to organize

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Speaker 1: Mexican workers. He asked the National farm Workers Association to

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Speaker 1: join them in their strike. At first, Chavez said no,

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Speaker 1: the National farm Workers Association was planning to do a strike,

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Speaker 1: but they were thinking about a couple of years down

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Speaker 1: the road, not in the immediate future. But about two

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Speaker 1: weeks later, the Mexican workers joined the Delano strike. This

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Speaker 1: led to five years of ongoing strikes and an international

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Speaker 1: boycott of table grapes that started in nineteen sixty eight.

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Speaker 1: It also involved marches and demonstrations and other non violent protests,

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Speaker 1: and a hunger strike by Caesar shadows. The National farm

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Speaker 1: Workers Association and the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee combined in

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Speaker 1: nineteen sixty six to form the United farm Workers Organizing Committee,

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Speaker 1: which later became known as just the United farm Workers.

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Speaker 1: The table grape growers in California finally signed contracts with

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Speaker 1: the United farm Workers in nineteen seventy the Delano Grape Strike,

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Speaker 1: and this cooperation between Mexican and Filipino farm workers was

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Speaker 1: the start of a much bigger movement for labor rights

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Speaker 1: in American agriculture, although Larry it Loong and some of

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Speaker 1: the other Filipino leaders later left the United our Workers

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Speaker 1: over concerns that Filipino voices weren't being represented enough in

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Speaker 1: the organization. Thanks so much to Christopher Hasciotis for his

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Speaker 1: research work for today's episode, and thanks to Tari Harrison

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Speaker 1: for her audio work on this show. You can subscribe

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Speaker 1: to The Day in History Class on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts,

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Speaker 1: and wherever else you get your podcasts. Tomorrow, we will

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Speaker 1: have an uprising that stemmed from and affected conditions behind bars. Hi,

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Speaker 1: I'm Eves, and welcome to This Day in History Class,

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Speaker 1: a show that uncovers history one day at a time.

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Speaker 1: The day was September eighth, four. Michelangelo's famous statue of

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Speaker 1: David was unveiled in Florence, Italy, in the Piazza day Senoria.

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Speaker 1: In the early fifteenth century, the overseers of the Office

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Speaker 1: of Works of the Duomo Florence's Cathedral Church commissioned twelve

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Speaker 1: sculptures of figures from the Old Testament. The sculptures would

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Speaker 1: be placed on the buttresses of the Florence Cathedral. Don

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Speaker 1: Tello made a sculpture of Joshua in terra cotta in

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Speaker 1: fourteen ten. More than fifty years later, in fourteen sixty four,

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Speaker 1: the Open Eye commissioned a sculpture of David by Agostino

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Speaker 1: di Duccio, but Augustino did not finish the project. He

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Speaker 1: only managed to sculpt some of the legs, torso and

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Speaker 1: drapery out of a block of Guerrara marble before his

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Speaker 1: involvement with the project ended. A decade later, Antonio Rossellino

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Speaker 1: was assigned to finish the task of sculpting David, but

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Speaker 1: he ceased to work on the project too, and the

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Speaker 1: block of marble remained in the yard of the cathedral

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Speaker 1: workshop for years. It isn't until the sixteenth century, when

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Speaker 1: the Open Eye would find someone who would finish the sculpture,

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Speaker 1: It commissioned the job to twenty six year old Michelangelo

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Speaker 1: in August of fifteen o one. The next month he

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Speaker 1: began creating the statue, and for more than two years,

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Speaker 1: Michelangelo worked on the sculpture of David. The statue is

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Speaker 1: seventeen feet or five meters tall. David is depicted before

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Speaker 1: his battle with Goliath, standing in contrapasto and holding a

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Speaker 1: sling draped over his left shoulder. His hands and head

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Speaker 1: are disproportionately large, but as the statue was nearing its

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Speaker 1: completion in early fifteen o four, it was determined that

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Speaker 1: it would not be installed on the roof of the

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Speaker 1: Florence Cathedral. It weighed six tons and lifting it would

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Speaker 1: prove difficult, so a group of Florentine artists, including Leonardo

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Speaker 1: da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, and Perugino, was brought together to

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Speaker 1: determine a more fit location for David. After months of debate,

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Speaker 1: it was decided that David would be placed in the

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Speaker 1: Piazza de la Signoria, in front of the entrance to

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Speaker 1: the city's town hall. The statue was installed in June,

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Speaker 1: replacing Donatello's bronze sculpture of Judas and Holofernes. It took

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Speaker 1: four days for the statue to be moved the half

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Speaker 1: Mouth from its courtyard to its spot at the piazza.

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Speaker 1: It was suspended from ropes in a wooden cage and

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Speaker 1: pulled along on greased beams. David was installed facing Rome

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Speaker 1: on September eight. The statue was unveiled to the public.

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Speaker 1: Though a religious statue, David became a civic symbol for

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Speaker 1: Florence's struggle against the powerful Medici family. In eighteen seventy three,

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Speaker 1: David was removed from the Piazza for protection from damage

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Speaker 1: and put inside the Academia Gallery of Florence. A replica

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Speaker 1: of the sculpture was installed at the piazza in nineteen ten.

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Speaker 1: David is one of Michelangelo's most recognizable artworks, and it's

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Speaker 1: considered a masterpiece of high Renaissance sculpture. In a fabric

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Speaker 1: glass reproduction of michel Angelo's David was placed on the

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Speaker 1: roofline of the Florence Cathedral. For a day, I'm each

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Speaker 1: decode and hopefully you know a little more about history

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Speaker 1: today than you did yesterday, and if you're so inclined,

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Speaker 1: you can follow us at T D i h C

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Speaker 1: Podcast on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. We'll see you here

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Speaker 1: in the same place tomorrow. For more podcasts from I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or

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Speaker 1: wherever you listen to your favorite shows.