WEBVTT - The Távora Executions

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Noble Blood, a production of I Heart Radio

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<v Speaker 1>and Grimm and Mild from Aaron Minkie. Listener discretion is advised.

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<v Speaker 1>It was September third, seventeen fifty eight. Just as it

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<v Speaker 1>was crossing over into the early morning hours of September four,

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<v Speaker 1>the King of Portugal was riding in a carriage down

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<v Speaker 1>a dark back road, returning from the outskirts of Lisbon,

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<v Speaker 1>back towards the tents of a Judah where court had

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<v Speaker 1>been set up. King jose often anglicized to Joseph the

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<v Speaker 1>First was a man fond of heavy powdered wigs that

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<v Speaker 1>reached down to his back, and wearing brocade clothing that

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<v Speaker 1>allowed him to stand out in a crowd. But this

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<v Speaker 1>night he was traveling in cognito. His carriage was unmarked,

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<v Speaker 1>and none of his footmen wore palace livery, and they

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<v Speaker 1>were taking a particular lead, dark and sparsely traveled road,

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<v Speaker 1>because on this night the king was returning from a

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<v Speaker 1>rendezvous with his mistress, his very married mistress Teresa. Suddenly

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<v Speaker 1>his carriage jolted to a stop. A horse whinnied, but

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<v Speaker 1>then there was silence. Just as the king was readying

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<v Speaker 1>himself to ask the driver what was going on. A

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<v Speaker 1>shot ring out through the night, then another shot, and

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<v Speaker 1>the King pulled the curtains of the carriage open to

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<v Speaker 1>reveal two highwaymen before a third shot pierced the silence

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<v Speaker 1>and the King screamed. The bullet had hit him in

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<v Speaker 1>his side, in his arm, and another shot had wounded

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<v Speaker 1>the driver without taking anything. The highwayman rode off. King

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<v Speaker 1>Jose survived the bullet wound, but that night would have

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<v Speaker 1>deadly consequences. Nonetheless, we don't know if those highwaymen were

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<v Speaker 1>an assassination at Hunt or whether they were just two

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<v Speaker 1>petty thieves who happened to come across the wrong carriage.

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<v Speaker 1>But King Jose's prime minister would use that evening to

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<v Speaker 1>wipe out the Portuguese nobility in an elaborate conspiracy that

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<v Speaker 1>would cause the nation to fall into a decades long

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<v Speaker 1>reign of terror and paranoia. Ralph Waldo Emerson Apocryphalle has said,

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<v Speaker 1>when you strike at the king, you must kill him.

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<v Speaker 1>But I think more people are familiar with a quote

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<v Speaker 1>from the character Omar Little from Television to the Wire,

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<v Speaker 1>who said succinctly, when you come at the king, you

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<v Speaker 1>best not miss I'm Danis Schwartz, and this is noble blood.

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<v Speaker 1>The story of the Taveras family's downfall actually begins with

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<v Speaker 1>an earthquake. One of the most significant earthquakes ever to

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<v Speaker 1>hit Portugal, the seventeen fifty five Lisbon earthquake, hit on

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<v Speaker 1>a Saturday morning. The sky up until then had been

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<v Speaker 1>of scenely blue, the type of clear blue that only

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<v Speaker 1>comes in early fall, when the sunlight knows exactly how

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<v Speaker 1>to hit the ocean and reflect on to the city.

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<v Speaker 1>It was All Saint's Day, November first, and though it

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<v Speaker 1>had been unseasonably warm, there were still candles lit all

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<v Speaker 1>around the city, in churches and in homes. At nine

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<v Speaker 1>thirty five in the morning, there was a low rumble,

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<v Speaker 1>and then the city was torn in half. It had

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<v Speaker 1>just been a gentle shaking for about a minute, but

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<v Speaker 1>then the shaking became violent for five full minutes. The

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<v Speaker 1>earth shook with an earthquake that seismologists estimate had a

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<v Speaker 1>magnitude of eight point four. A fissure fifteen feet wide

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<v Speaker 1>emerged in the city center. The aftermath was chaos. Every

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<v Speaker 1>major church in Lisbon had collapsed, killing the worshippers inside

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<v Speaker 1>in small buildings constructed close together. The Portuguese population panicked.

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<v Speaker 1>Those who weren't immediately trapped under the collapsing rubble of

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<v Speaker 1>their homes rushed out into the street. Many people ran

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<v Speaker 1>to the flat expanse of the shoreline, where at least

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<v Speaker 1>there was no rubble falling from the sky. A few

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<v Speaker 1>hundred people crowded onto a dock to watch. The city

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<v Speaker 1>finished shaking, but the disaster wasn't over yet. The sea

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<v Speaker 1>pulled back, revealing the skeletons of shipwrecks that had been

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<v Speaker 1>lost in the bay, and then the tsunami became visible.

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<v Speaker 1>Curling over the horizon. From up the Tagus River came

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<v Speaker 1>a wave that reached a height of eighteen feet, turning

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<v Speaker 1>over boats and carrying away with that everything and everyone

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<v Speaker 1>in its path. The dock outed with people, sank and

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<v Speaker 1>disappeared in silence. The fires destroyed what was left of

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<v Speaker 1>the city. Candles and cooking fires knocked over by the

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<v Speaker 1>shaking quickly engulfed flammable wooden houses, and then the flames

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<v Speaker 1>leaped from house to house, leveling entire neighborhoods. Between the

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<v Speaker 1>earthquake and the subsequent tsunami and fires, more than twelve

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<v Speaker 1>thousand people died in Lisbon alone, over ten of the population,

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<v Speaker 1>and that's a conservative estimate. Some write that the number

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<v Speaker 1>might have been as high as thirty thousand souls. Lisbon

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<v Speaker 1>became a shell of a city, broken buildings and people

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<v Speaker 1>gutted by flood and fire. In the royal palace in

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<v Speaker 1>the suburbs of Lisbon, the royal family huddled together in fear.

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<v Speaker 1>The King Jose huddled with his wife Mariana Victoria, and

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<v Speaker 1>held his three daughters close. All of their cheeks were

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<v Speaker 1>wet with tears. When at last the shaking stopped and

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<v Speaker 1>it became clear that they all had survived, the king

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<v Speaker 1>pulled himself up on shaking legs and looked to one

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<v Speaker 1>of his ministers, Sebastio Jose Carvallo Melo. Later Carrio would

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<v Speaker 1>become the Marquis de Pomball, but that's the title most

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<v Speaker 1>history texts refer to him by, so for clarity, that's

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<v Speaker 1>what we'll call him. This whole time. The king was

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<v Speaker 1>still ashen faced when he found his minister, impossibly poised,

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<v Speaker 1>impossibly standing. What do we do, the king asked, through

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<v Speaker 1>pale lips, Your majesty, Pomball replied, let us bury the

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<v Speaker 1>dead and help the living. From that moment, Pomball became

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<v Speaker 1>the central authoritarian power in Portugal. He handled the aftermath

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<v Speaker 1>of the earthquake with decisive and comprehensive action, rebuilding the

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<v Speaker 1>city and disbanding the groups of looters who were stealing

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<v Speaker 1>possessions from the dead in the streets. On the scientific level,

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<v Speaker 1>Pomball's leadership was invaluable. He distributed questionnaires to the citizens

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<v Speaker 1>of Portugal about the duration and damaged of the quake

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<v Speaker 1>that they experienced, and those records are still available one

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<v Speaker 1>of the first seismology reports of its kind in history.

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<v Speaker 1>King Jose was not a leader who liked to lead.

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<v Speaker 1>He was the type of leader who preferred to lounge

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<v Speaker 1>with his family or his mistresses in nice, well appointed

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<v Speaker 1>rooms while other people took care of the boring matters

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<v Speaker 1>of running a nation. Fortunately for him, Pomball was more

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<v Speaker 1>than willing to step in. Born to a lowly country gentleman,

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<v Speaker 1>Pomball worked his way up to the upper echelons of

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<v Speaker 1>Portuguese idy, but he never dropped his intrinsic resentment of

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<v Speaker 1>the noble families, the people who were born into power

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<v Speaker 1>and looked down on him for his low birth, how

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<v Speaker 1>could he not resent them? It was obvious the nobles

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<v Speaker 1>hated him. When he married the niece of a prominent official,

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<v Speaker 1>her family could barely contain their disappointment at her social falling.

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<v Speaker 1>But it wasn't just the nobles. The Jesuits in Portugal

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<v Speaker 1>too were a threat to him and his political ambitions.

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<v Speaker 1>Prominent Jesuit priests like Father Gabriel Malagrida, we're going around

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<v Speaker 1>town after the earthquake, implying that it was the consequence

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<v Speaker 1>of God's disfavor with the direction of the country. Malagrida

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<v Speaker 1>didn't outwardly say it was God punishing the King's and,

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<v Speaker 1>by extension, Pombal's leadership, but he didn't have to. It

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<v Speaker 1>was implied, and the Jesuits continued to be a thorn

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<v Speaker 1>in Pomball's side. He suspected them for blocking an earlier

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<v Speaker 1>marriage match he wanted. They blocked his motion to grant

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<v Speaker 1>privileges to Jews in Portugal if they helped with the

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<v Speaker 1>rebuilding efforts, and that's to say nothing of what they

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<v Speaker 1>were doing down in Brazil, making expansion more difficult by

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<v Speaker 1>organizing and converting natives. The earthquake was the moment, Pumbault

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<v Speaker 1>cemented his control over King Jose, but he wouldn't have

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<v Speaker 1>complete domination over Portugal until a few years later, when

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<v Speaker 1>he saw an opportunity and knew exactly how to exploit it.

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<v Speaker 1>After the earthquake in Lisbon, King Jose suffered from paranoia

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<v Speaker 1>and claustrophobia. He refused to remain inside his palace, and

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<v Speaker 1>so court was moved to a tent city on the

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<v Speaker 1>outskirts of Lisbon, where King Jose wouldn't have nightmares of

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<v Speaker 1>rocks collapsing in on him while he slept. It was

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<v Speaker 1>on his way back to his royal tent after a

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<v Speaker 1>visit with his mistress that King Jose ran into two

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<v Speaker 1>would be assassins that held up his carriage. King Jose

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<v Speaker 1>was shot in the arm and shoulder and his driver

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<v Speaker 1>was badly wounded, but both survived and made it back

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<v Speaker 1>to court, bloodied and terrified. How had this assassination attempt happened?

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<v Speaker 1>The carriage was unmarked from the outside, with no indications

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<v Speaker 1>that it contained the King. He had been driving on

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<v Speaker 1>a dark back road, and more importantly, nobody knew where

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<v Speaker 1>he was, well, almost nobody knew where he was. The

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<v Speaker 1>King's mistress had known where he was, didn't she They

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<v Speaker 1>had planned their rendezvous in advance, and the mistress, Teresa

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<v Speaker 1>de Tavora, was married to a man named Louis Bernardo,

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<v Speaker 1>heir to the Tavora family. Who else could have organized

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<v Speaker 1>the assassination attempt but the powerful Tavara family, the elite

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<v Speaker 1>group of nobles who hated Pomball and knew that the

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<v Speaker 1>only way to get rid of him was to get

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<v Speaker 1>of the king who loved and trusted him. Before word

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<v Speaker 1>of the would be assassination had even been made public,

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<v Speaker 1>Pombal sprang into action. He opened an investigation and swiftly

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<v Speaker 1>arrested two men who allegedly had been the one who

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<v Speaker 1>had tried to kill the king. The two men were

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<v Speaker 1>hanged before anyone could ask any more questions, but who

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<v Speaker 1>had hired them? By December, Pombal put together a special

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<v Speaker 1>court to investigate whether the assassination had been under the

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<v Speaker 1>orders of the Tavara family. Officers arrested the entire Tavara family,

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<v Speaker 1>the Marquise, his wife Lenore, their sons, and several grandchildren,

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<v Speaker 1>and they also arrested the Jesuit Gabriel Malagrida, who was

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<v Speaker 1>a close friend of the family and Leonora's personal confessor.

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<v Speaker 1>Pombal additionally came for the Duke of a Viral. King

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<v Speaker 1>Jose only had daughters, and for a while people believed

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<v Speaker 1>that the Duke of a Viro was going to be

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<v Speaker 1>the next in line to take the throne, until the

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<v Speaker 1>king had decreed that his daughter Maria would be next

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<v Speaker 1>in line. The Tavora plot was surely an attempt to

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<v Speaker 1>make the Duke king. Pomball's court was granted special dispensation

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<v Speaker 1>to use torture to find out and lo and behold

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<v Speaker 1>under torture, the Duke and to Tavara servants confessed to

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<v Speaker 1>the entire plot. The servants would later retract their statements,

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<v Speaker 1>but it was too late. The entire Tavara family was guilty,

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<v Speaker 1>and Pombal would make sure that everyone in Portugal knew it.

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<v Speaker 1>For organizing an attempt to kill the king, the courts

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<v Speaker 1>sentenced seven nobles to death, the Marquis and his wife,

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<v Speaker 1>their sons and two sons in laws, and the Duke

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<v Speaker 1>of a Viro. There would be usurper Three servants were

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<v Speaker 1>also sentenced, and all ten were killed on a single

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<v Speaker 1>massive stage erected in Lisbon. The scaffold was eighteen feet

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<v Speaker 1>high so that everyone would be sure to get a

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<v Speaker 1>good view. The King himself was in the audience that afternoon,

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<v Speaker 1>and all other Portuguese nobles were required to attend so

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<v Speaker 1>that the fate of the Tavoras would be a lesson

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<v Speaker 1>to them. First to die was the marchioness Leonora. She

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<v Speaker 1>was led up the scaffold by a rope around her

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<v Speaker 1>neck with her hands tied behind her back. Because she

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<v Speaker 1>was a woman, she was permitted a quick death sitting

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<v Speaker 1>in a chair, and an executioner slicing off her head.

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<v Speaker 1>Her twenty one year old son came next. He was

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<v Speaker 1>tied to a cross for his arms and legs were

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<v Speaker 1>broken with iron clubs. He was finally strangled to death

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<v Speaker 1>before his corpse was flattened upon a wheel. The same

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<v Speaker 1>fate befell his brother and his brother in laws, and

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<v Speaker 1>three servants, until all of their bodies were broken and

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<v Speaker 1>bloodied on their own individual wheels on the scaffold. The

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<v Speaker 1>Tavora patriarch was bound on a Saint Andrew's cross and

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<v Speaker 1>beaten with an iron rod before he was stabbed through

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<v Speaker 1>the chest. The Duke of a Viro was similarly tortured,

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<v Speaker 1>beaten until his arms, thighs, and calves were all broken,

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<v Speaker 1>and then beaten on the chest until he was dead.

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<v Speaker 1>Each one of the ten Tavara conspirators was forced to

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<v Speaker 1>watch all of the deaths of those who preceded him.

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<v Speaker 1>When it was finally over and the blood dripped beneath

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<v Speaker 1>the scaffolding, all of the bodies were burned at the stake,

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<v Speaker 1>and the entire scaffolding then was set on fire. The

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<v Speaker 1>flames of all of it and the greasy black smoke

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<v Speaker 1>coughed into the sky for hours until only ash was left.

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<v Speaker 1>The ash they swept into the river. But public execution

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<v Speaker 1>wasn't enough punishment for the Tavaras, Pombal banned their family

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<v Speaker 1>crest and had their palaces raised to the ground. Stone

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<v Speaker 1>by stone. Salt was sprinkled on the earth so that

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<v Speaker 1>nothing could grow there ever again. Plaques were erected in

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<v Speaker 1>stone forbidding anything to be built upon the cursed ground

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<v Speaker 1>that had belonged to traders. Pombal had wanted to go further,

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<v Speaker 1>had wanted to execute more of the Tavara women and

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<v Speaker 1>children as well, but King Jose's wife and daughter intervened

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<v Speaker 1>and so instead the Tavara women and children were all

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<v Speaker 1>just banished and imprisoned to various convents. Among the imprisoned

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<v Speaker 1>was the king's former mistress Teresa. She lived out the

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<v Speaker 1>rest of her life in a convent. The king protected

0:16:01.360 --> 0:16:03.800
<v Speaker 1>her enough so that she was granted a pension and

0:16:04.240 --> 0:16:07.760
<v Speaker 1>was permitted to receive visitors in her cell. They say

0:16:07.840 --> 0:16:10.200
<v Speaker 1>that for the rest of her life, whenever the King's

0:16:10.240 --> 0:16:13.720
<v Speaker 1>barge went by and the nuns and servants would rush

0:16:13.800 --> 0:16:16.920
<v Speaker 1>to the windows to catch a glimpse of him, Teresa

0:16:17.240 --> 0:16:23.240
<v Speaker 1>would break down weeping. Pombal also implicated the Jesuits in

0:16:23.320 --> 0:16:27.120
<v Speaker 1>the Tavara plot. He couldn't outright accuse them of treason,

0:16:27.600 --> 0:16:32.160
<v Speaker 1>but he had nine prominent Jesuits imprisoned at the infamous Unchariafort,

0:16:32.560 --> 0:16:37.440
<v Speaker 1>including Father Malagrida. The Jesuits were among fifty prominent members

0:16:37.440 --> 0:16:42.360
<v Speaker 1>of Portuguese society that Pombal had imprisoned under increasingly thin

0:16:42.560 --> 0:16:47.240
<v Speaker 1>pretenses through the jurisdiction of the Tribunal of High Treason.

0:16:48.160 --> 0:16:51.880
<v Speaker 1>The tribunal did not disband after the mass execution of

0:16:51.920 --> 0:16:56.640
<v Speaker 1>the tavaras it continued on locking up nobles for perceived

0:16:56.720 --> 0:17:00.960
<v Speaker 1>slights and possible disloyalties for the wrong whisper of a

0:17:00.960 --> 0:17:09.160
<v Speaker 1>piece of gossip at a cafe overheard in Lisbon. All

0:17:09.200 --> 0:17:11.520
<v Speaker 1>we know from what it was like to be imprisoned

0:17:11.520 --> 0:17:14.960
<v Speaker 1>in the fort of the Isolation, and the misery is

0:17:15.000 --> 0:17:17.680
<v Speaker 1>from a marquis who wrote an account of his imprisonment

0:17:18.040 --> 0:17:21.960
<v Speaker 1>using inky made by scraping paint off the woodwork on

0:17:22.040 --> 0:17:25.800
<v Speaker 1>his jail cell and dissolving it in vinegar that came

0:17:25.840 --> 0:17:33.040
<v Speaker 1>with his meals in isolation. Gabriella Malagrida's devotion turned to fanaticism,

0:17:33.040 --> 0:17:37.800
<v Speaker 1>turned to madness. He raved speaking to himself and claiming

0:17:37.840 --> 0:17:41.360
<v Speaker 1>that Saint and God himself were talking to him. As

0:17:41.400 --> 0:17:44.960
<v Speaker 1>a member of the clergy, he was above secular law enforcement,

0:17:45.280 --> 0:17:48.840
<v Speaker 1>and so a special inquisition presided over his arrest and trial.

0:17:49.680 --> 0:17:53.800
<v Speaker 1>Conveniently enough, the grand inquisitor happened to be Pomball's brother.

0:17:55.200 --> 0:17:59.600
<v Speaker 1>The charges were lengthy and elaborate. Malagrida was accused of

0:17:59.600 --> 0:18:05.119
<v Speaker 1>sacred religious utterances, hypocrisy, imposture, and more. When Malagrida was

0:18:05.160 --> 0:18:08.560
<v Speaker 1>forced to answer for his crimes during the inquisition, the

0:18:08.640 --> 0:18:12.960
<v Speaker 1>old man, then seventy three years old, was so disoriented

0:18:13.000 --> 0:18:16.840
<v Speaker 1>and mad that he couldn't respond to the questions. One

0:18:16.880 --> 0:18:20.760
<v Speaker 1>of the judges, a Dominican priest, quietly remarked that these

0:18:20.800 --> 0:18:24.000
<v Speaker 1>proceedings weren't right, that they shouldn't be doing this to

0:18:24.040 --> 0:18:28.000
<v Speaker 1>a man who clearly wasn't in his right mind. It

0:18:28.080 --> 0:18:32.960
<v Speaker 1>was strongly suggested that that Dominican priest relocate to an

0:18:33.000 --> 0:18:38.960
<v Speaker 1>overseas bishop position. Before Malagrida was executed. The reading of

0:18:39.000 --> 0:18:42.280
<v Speaker 1>his charges took two hours. At the request of the

0:18:42.320 --> 0:18:45.760
<v Speaker 1>inquisition that no blood be shed, he was strangled to

0:18:45.800 --> 0:18:49.160
<v Speaker 1>death and then burnt at the stake. His ashes were

0:18:49.160 --> 0:18:53.680
<v Speaker 1>scattered to the wind. Pomba would complete his final revenge

0:18:53.800 --> 0:18:57.280
<v Speaker 1>against the Jesuit when he expelled them all from Portugal

0:18:57.359 --> 0:19:02.000
<v Speaker 1>on September three, the anniversary of the ill fated assassination

0:19:02.040 --> 0:19:11.520
<v Speaker 1>attempt that ignited it all. For nineteen years, Pombal would

0:19:11.600 --> 0:19:16.800
<v Speaker 1>rule Portugal as an Enlightenment era despot, an authoritarian ruler

0:19:17.000 --> 0:19:21.199
<v Speaker 1>who imprisoned all who challenged him while fancying himself a

0:19:21.359 --> 0:19:25.320
<v Speaker 1>modern and benevolent ruler for a new era. But his

0:19:25.440 --> 0:19:28.480
<v Speaker 1>power would only last as long as the king did.

0:19:29.240 --> 0:19:33.199
<v Speaker 1>When King Jose finally died in seventeen seventy one, his

0:19:33.320 --> 0:19:37.120
<v Speaker 1>daughter Maria the first took power as Queen. Maria had

0:19:37.240 --> 0:19:40.879
<v Speaker 1>no problem with the Jesuits and liked the nobles. She

0:19:41.080 --> 0:19:46.680
<v Speaker 1>reopened the Tavara case and vindicated almost everyone involved. Those

0:19:46.720 --> 0:19:52.000
<v Speaker 1>who still survived in prison or convents were released. As

0:19:52.000 --> 0:19:55.920
<v Speaker 1>for Pombal, she took no real punitive action against him

0:19:55.960 --> 0:19:59.200
<v Speaker 1>for what really, in effect, had been an act of treason.

0:20:00.119 --> 0:20:02.919
<v Speaker 1>Maybe she thought he had been acting on her father's orders,

0:20:03.520 --> 0:20:05.880
<v Speaker 1>or maybe she just took pity on a man who,

0:20:05.920 --> 0:20:09.960
<v Speaker 1>by then himself was in his seventies. Pombal was stripped

0:20:10.000 --> 0:20:14.719
<v Speaker 1>of his position and banished from Lisbon. In fact, Maria

0:20:14.800 --> 0:20:18.600
<v Speaker 1>insisted that her father's former prime minister remained more than

0:20:18.640 --> 0:20:21.760
<v Speaker 1>twenty miles away from her at all times, in what

0:20:21.960 --> 0:20:27.399
<v Speaker 1>some might consider to be history's first restraining order. Now

0:20:27.440 --> 0:20:30.800
<v Speaker 1>nearly three hundred years later, it's impossible to know the

0:20:30.840 --> 0:20:34.200
<v Speaker 1>truth of the case. Whether there had been an elaborate

0:20:34.200 --> 0:20:36.480
<v Speaker 1>conspiracy on the part of the Tavara Is to kill

0:20:36.560 --> 0:20:39.920
<v Speaker 1>the king, or whether the king, riding in an unmarked

0:20:39.960 --> 0:20:42.760
<v Speaker 1>carriage on a dark road, just happened to be set

0:20:42.840 --> 0:20:47.119
<v Speaker 1>upon by highwaymen. There's a lot of evidence for that. Obviously,

0:20:47.160 --> 0:20:50.359
<v Speaker 1>there's no real proof that the Tavaras were guilty. None

0:20:50.400 --> 0:20:53.320
<v Speaker 1>of them fled town after the King survived the gunshots,

0:20:53.359 --> 0:20:55.439
<v Speaker 1>which you know they might have wanted to do if

0:20:55.480 --> 0:20:58.640
<v Speaker 1>they had organized it, And the only proof that led

0:20:58.680 --> 0:21:03.000
<v Speaker 1>to their execution were fashions under torture. But I will

0:21:03.040 --> 0:21:06.640
<v Speaker 1>say this, if the Tavoras had tried to take down

0:21:06.680 --> 0:21:10.960
<v Speaker 1>pombal Via the king, can you really blame them? But

0:21:11.359 --> 0:21:14.040
<v Speaker 1>you know what they say, when you come at the King,

0:21:14.640 --> 0:21:27.040
<v Speaker 1>your best not miss. There's still a plaque if you

0:21:27.080 --> 0:21:30.480
<v Speaker 1>go to Lisbon written in stone at the place where

0:21:30.480 --> 0:21:34.080
<v Speaker 1>the Duke of a Viro's palace once stood. The letters

0:21:34.080 --> 0:21:36.639
<v Speaker 1>are hard to make out, and of course it's in Portuguese,

0:21:37.000 --> 0:21:39.840
<v Speaker 1>but you can see it alongside a tiny side street

0:21:39.920 --> 0:21:43.840
<v Speaker 1>called the Alley of the Salted Earth. The plaque reads

0:21:44.520 --> 0:21:47.720
<v Speaker 1>in this place were put to the ground and salted.

0:21:48.240 --> 0:21:52.159
<v Speaker 1>The houses of Jose Masquerins, stripped of the honors of

0:21:52.280 --> 0:21:56.840
<v Speaker 1>Duke of a Viro and others, convicted by sentence proclaimed

0:21:56.880 --> 0:22:01.680
<v Speaker 1>in the High Court on the twelfth of January, put

0:22:01.760 --> 0:22:04.240
<v Speaker 1>to justice as one of the leaders of the most

0:22:04.320 --> 0:22:07.399
<v Speaker 1>barbarous upheavals that on the night of the third of

0:22:07.400 --> 0:22:12.879
<v Speaker 1>September was committed against the most royal and sacred person

0:22:13.440 --> 0:22:17.440
<v Speaker 1>of the King, Joseph, the first in this infamous land.

0:22:18.080 --> 0:22:23.359
<v Speaker 1>Nothing may be built for all time. The plaque wasn't

0:22:23.400 --> 0:22:27.919
<v Speaker 1>exactly heated. Google Earth is an amazing thing. If you

0:22:27.960 --> 0:22:30.960
<v Speaker 1>look up the alley of the salted Earth Becco Desha Salgado,

0:22:31.520 --> 0:22:35.440
<v Speaker 1>you'll find that something has been built there. Pombal's revenge

0:22:35.800 --> 0:22:39.600
<v Speaker 1>wasn't entirely carried out. Now at that corner of an

0:22:39.600 --> 0:22:50.280
<v Speaker 1>alley stands. Who would have guessed a Starbucks. Noble Blood

0:22:50.359 --> 0:22:52.600
<v Speaker 1>is a production of I Heart Radio and Grimm and

0:22:52.640 --> 0:22:55.840
<v Speaker 1>Mild from Aaron Minky. The show was written and hosted

0:22:55.840 --> 0:22:59.320
<v Speaker 1>by Danis Schwartz and produced by Aaron Manky, Matt Frederick,

0:22:59.560 --> 0:23:03.520
<v Speaker 1>Alex Williams, and Trevor Young. Noble Blood is on social

0:23:03.520 --> 0:23:06.320
<v Speaker 1>media at Noble Blood Tales, and you can learn more

0:23:06.320 --> 0:23:09.240
<v Speaker 1>about the show over at Noble Blood Tales dot com.

0:23:09.280 --> 0:23:11.919
<v Speaker 1>For more podcasts from I Heart Radio, visit the I

0:23:12.040 --> 0:23:15.359
<v Speaker 1>Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to

0:23:15.400 --> 0:23:17.680
<v Speaker 1>your favorite shows. M