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Speaker 1: Hey, every body, Welcome to a creature feature the show

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Speaker 1: where we take one cup of animals, one cup of humans,

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Speaker 1: some butter and make a tasty casserole. I'm your host,

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Speaker 1: Katie Golden. I studied psychology and evolutionary biology, and you

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Speaker 1: know what, I've never been stung by a bee. I

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Speaker 1: think that must mean I'm a be whisperer. Today on

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Speaker 1: the show, we're talking fantasy creatures, explore the legends behind

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Speaker 1: mythological creatures, the science behind them, and their real life

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Speaker 1: animal counterparts. Will hunt down real unicorns, basilisks, griffins, aliens,

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Speaker 1: and jackalopes to discover this and more as we answer

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Speaker 1: the angel question why would anyone throw out a perfectly

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Speaker 1: good para testicles? So we're fascinated by myths, even to

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Speaker 1: the point of our own psychological detriment. A lot of

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Speaker 1: kids were terribly disappointed by not receiving their Hogwarts letter.

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Speaker 1: Urban Dictionary even has a term for it, ben curtains

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Speaker 1: to phobia, the fear of not receiving a Hogwarts letter

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Speaker 1: on your eleventh birthday. And also after watching James Cameron's Avatar,

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Speaker 1: some people felt situational depression as they experienced the cognitive

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Speaker 1: dissonance between the beautiful fantasy world and their blander reality. Well,

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Speaker 1: fear not. Today we're going to talk about the stories

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Speaker 1: behind mythological creatures and find out that they have real

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Speaker 1: life animal counterparts who are just as magical. When you

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Speaker 1: look at the variety of behaviors and morphology of real animals,

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Speaker 1: you'll begin to realize that you don't need to escape

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Speaker 1: into a fantasy realm or already living in one. Joining

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Speaker 1: me today is Alex Schiffman, producer of Science, The Live

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Speaker 1: Show About Science. Hi, Welcome Alex, Hi everybody, thanks for

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Speaker 1: welcoming you. Katie. Of course, so I got admit. I

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Speaker 1: just went to the Getty Museum and I learned a

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Speaker 1: lot of this content that's going to be in the

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Speaker 1: show from this exhibit. It's really good. It's the Book

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Speaker 1: of Beasts exhibit. I think it's a limited one. So

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Speaker 1: if you're in l A, you should check it out. Now,

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Speaker 1: in l A and you're a snob or you're really

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Speaker 1: trying to impress somebody on a date, go check it

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Speaker 1: out right exactly. I mean, the Getty is free, but

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Speaker 1: parking is expensive. That's where they get the shipping right,

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Speaker 1: right exactly, but it is technically free, so great, great

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Speaker 1: date location, as long as you like uber over and

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Speaker 1: don't have the paper parking or you walk there like

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Speaker 1: walking what I don't. Don't worry about it. We'll talk

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Speaker 1: about that mythologically, right right, The mythological walking distance places

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Speaker 1: in l a um all right, So we're going to

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Speaker 1: get right into it. You know, Alex, if you couldn't

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Speaker 1: use weapons or your fists or like weapons, which our

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Speaker 1: weapons legally registered weapons. Mind too, by the way, anybody

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Speaker 1: can legally register their fists as weapons. Right, I'm a

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Speaker 1: purple belt? Is that a belt? I'm sure you could. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: The reason I bring this up is I'm going to

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Speaker 1: talk about the boncon. Have you heard of this mythological creature?

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Speaker 1: I have not heard of this mythological creature? All right, Well,

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Speaker 1: the twelfth century illuminated text The Aberdeen Beast Theory describes

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Speaker 1: the bonacon as such. So in Asia an animal is

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Speaker 1: found which men call bonacon. It has the head of

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Speaker 1: a bowl, and thereafter its whole body is the size

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Speaker 1: of the bowls, with a main neck of a horse.

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Speaker 1: Its horns are convoluted, curling back on themselves in such

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Speaker 1: a way that if anyone comes up against it, he

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Speaker 1: is not harmed, but the protection which is forehead denies

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Speaker 1: This monster is furnished by its bowels, for when it

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Speaker 1: tries to flee, it discharges fumes from the excrement of

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Speaker 1: its belly over a distance of three acres, the heat

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Speaker 1: of which sets fire to anything it touches, And this

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Speaker 1: way it drives off its pursuers with its harmful excrement.

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Speaker 1: That's so round about. That's the most beautiful description of

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Speaker 1: a of an animal that destroys things with fiery poop

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Speaker 1: I've ever heard. So does it ship fire or does

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Speaker 1: it breathe out it's fire, it craps fire, It breathes

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Speaker 1: lightning and craps fire. Yes, it's uh uh and it

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Speaker 1: it's I love these illustrations of it. It looks so

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Speaker 1: kind of bemused by these people tacking it. And it's like,

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Speaker 1: you do know my poop is made out of fire,

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Speaker 1: right you guys chose the wrong right right? Uh? Yeah?

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Speaker 1: So that um is oh wonderful animal. And as you

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Speaker 1: may know from listening to the podcast, if you've listened

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Speaker 1: to our Weapons of ass Destruction episode, the idea of

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Speaker 1: weaponized poop is far from being a fantasy, so we

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Speaker 1: could still be your fantasy, your personal true, but it

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Speaker 1: is real, so your fantasy is reality. Good news, Good news. Um,

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Speaker 1: So we did. Actually we talked about one of the

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Speaker 1: closest real life examples of this, which is the Bombardier

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Speaker 1: beetle uh and how when they're threatened they shoot at

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Speaker 1: noxious chemical spray out of their butts as a defensive mechanism.

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Speaker 1: So I want to talk about how hot that butt

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Speaker 1: spray is, which we may not have discussed last time.

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Speaker 1: Is always hot, so it reaches boiling points by the

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Speaker 1: resulting chemical reaction from combining hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide. And

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Speaker 1: another interesting parallel is that the Bombardier beetles are mainly

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Speaker 1: found in Asian Africa, where the bonicon was said to

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Speaker 1: be from. They have quote horns, which are really just

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Speaker 1: their antenna that can crawl inwards. Uh. And I wonder

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Speaker 1: it makes me wonder. I have no actual evidence of this,

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Speaker 1: but I'm just theorizing that maybe there were some descriptions

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Speaker 1: of this beetle. Um. And then it just like telephone

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Speaker 1: kind of like got past by word of mouth, and

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Speaker 1: then eventually it became the size of a bowl and

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Speaker 1: just this bowl that spewed fire over three acres. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's interesting. I also I love how they say it's

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Speaker 1: got the head of a bowl and then it's the

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Speaker 1: side of the bowl also where it's like that's kind

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Speaker 1: of redundant. Well, but if you look at a lot

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Speaker 1: of these animals in the beast area, it'll be like

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Speaker 1: it's got the head of the bowl, and it's the

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Speaker 1: size of the mouse, and it's got feet like a duck.

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Speaker 1: And so they really just like to mix and match.

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Speaker 1: Things had no measurements criterias, so they're like things are

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Speaker 1: either bull size or mouse size between the bombit of

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Speaker 1: your beetle is a really fascinating animal to me, especially

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Speaker 1: evolutionarily because so it's got these two jets it shoots,

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Speaker 1: and when they mix, it's like the opposite of Ghostbusters.

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Speaker 1: You very much won across streams. But like, how did

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Speaker 1: it get from normal ass beetle two bomba deer beetle?

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Speaker 1: Like what were the stages where it was like, oh, well,

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Speaker 1: this one shoots out hydrogen product peroxide from its ass,

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Speaker 1: and that helps because you know when it's babies get cut,

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Speaker 1: you know, like ships hydrogen peroxide on their cuts and

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Speaker 1: then what were like the new the mutation accidents to

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Speaker 1: eventually get it to like well now I'm shipping flames.

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Speaker 1: I mean, it's that's hard to say. I think that

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Speaker 1: it's just kind of one of those things where you've

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Speaker 1: got millions or of years of evolution and you have,

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Speaker 1: you know, a few different chemicals that can result on

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Speaker 1: when we have a lot of like you know, it

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Speaker 1: could have been something where it was originally, um, just

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Speaker 1: kind of some waste material and then like one of

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Speaker 1: them just had a mutation where it was like a

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Speaker 1: a a specific chemical and then when it mixed it

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Speaker 1: was like quite quite noxious. Um, it's one of it's

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Speaker 1: It is one of those things where it's like you

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Speaker 1: feel like all this feels so weird for it just

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Speaker 1: to be random. But you have to remember that especially

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Speaker 1: with insects where they are there are so many generations.

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Speaker 1: They rapidly reproduce so much so there are so many

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Speaker 1: individuals within just like one year and then you have

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Speaker 1: millions of years. It's like, yeah, it's eventually gonna just

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Speaker 1: explode and must get weird exactly. Would literally yeah, literally,

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Speaker 1: I would love the the intermediate stage when it's got

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Speaker 1: it going, but it doesn't have the projectile like my ass.

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Speaker 1: No one wants to eat me, but my ass hurt's

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Speaker 1: got a case of the hot ass. I also wonder

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Speaker 1: if the bonakon got confused with hippos um because they

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Speaker 1: do spray dunk um. Yeah, yeah, they love spraying dung.

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Speaker 1: We've also talked about them before. I could hate hippos,

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Speaker 1: but they're so cute and they want to kill you. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they're so deaf. So I want to go down on

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Speaker 1: a trip to imagination Station with you as we as

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Speaker 1: we do on this show, Alex. It's very serious. It's

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Speaker 1: not laughing matter. Um. So imagine that you're in the

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Speaker 1: late fifteen hundreds in warsaw o. God. Yeah, so many

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Speaker 1: leeches and I definitely have dysentery. Keep going exactly there

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Speaker 1: you go. You're also I'm Jewish, so I was probably

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Speaker 1: not living in a nice point. No. I mean, yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's it's been well hundreds. It's going to be a

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Speaker 1: rough time anytime you go down and go go down

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Speaker 1: in the time machine pretty much. So two little girls

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Speaker 1: go missing, A mother and her maid go looking for them,

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Speaker 1: and you know they're calling out. You know, everyone's kind

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Speaker 1: of noticing that that they're searching for these girls. And

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Speaker 1: then finally they go to an abandoned home and they

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Speaker 1: look down into the cellar and they see the girls

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Speaker 1: lying there, and they call out to them, but they

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Speaker 1: don't respond. Uh. And the maid walks down the steps

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Speaker 1: into the cellar and freezes completely petrified. The mother, you know,

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Speaker 1: scared shitless, like, runs off to the town and starts

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Speaker 1: telling everybody about what's going on. So you're hearing this

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Speaker 1: story from her. Rumors spread and an investigation is launched,

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Speaker 1: and people go down to the cellar. Uh. And you

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Speaker 1: know that people are telling you that when they went

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Speaker 1: to visit the seller, the air felt thick and foreboding,

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Speaker 1: and nobody was brave enough to go down and recover

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Speaker 1: these bodies. So they got some iron hooks and pulled

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Speaker 1: them out. Uh. And when they were examined by a physician,

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Speaker 1: I mean, they were obviously dead. Uh. And he found

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Speaker 1: that their bodies were unnaturally swollen and their eyes bulged

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Speaker 1: from their skulls. Uh. And if you were living at

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Speaker 1: this time, like, what would you think had gone down? Uh? Witchcraft?

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Speaker 1: I think the other people would have probably blamed it

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Speaker 1: on me. Well, yeah, I mean Jewish people, we we don't.

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Speaker 1: We are witches, this is true, but we don't go

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Speaker 1: around like exploding children. That that is a myth. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's a dang line. And whoever heard that on Alex Jones. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I would probably think was some sort of witchcraft or

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Speaker 1: basilisk or something like that. Yeah, well you're very close,

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Speaker 1: because this is actually the historically verifiable and at least

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Speaker 1: partially true story of the Warsaw basilisk. According to writings,

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Speaker 1: officials who investigated the incident pinned the murder on a basilisk. Uh. So, first,

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Speaker 1: for people who don't know, let's talk about what a

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Speaker 1: basilisk is. It's a serpent with a rooster head who

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Speaker 1: can kill by staring at you. Uh. It was said

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Speaker 1: to leave a trail of poison wherever it tread. Even

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Speaker 1: its blood was poison and could drip down any weapon

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Speaker 1: used to try to kill it, and if it contacted

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Speaker 1: your skin, you would die. Uh. And some basilisks were

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Speaker 1: depicted as having rooster legs and leathery wings, and they

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Speaker 1: weren't actually supposed to be very big, so they were

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Speaker 1: like about the size of like a large rooster or

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Speaker 1: a small dog or something. So the fear factors that

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Speaker 1: they can stare at you and kill you or something

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Speaker 1: just right, and they just they look super goofy though

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Speaker 1: when you look at the illustrations of them. Um, but

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Speaker 1: people were terrified. I mean especially you have these two

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Speaker 1: dead little girls whose bodies are very disturbing, and it's

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Speaker 1: you know, that's that's horrifying. According to the historical writings

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Speaker 1: about the Warsaw Basilisk incident, uh, since nobody was brave

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Speaker 1: enough to go down and try to kill the basilisk,

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Speaker 1: convict was sent down to capture the basilisk, either Jan

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Speaker 1: or Jan Bowdensen Bondosen, author of the Fiji Mermaid and

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Speaker 1: Other Essays in Natural and Unnatural History, describes the hunt

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Speaker 1: for the basilisk as such quote. The convict was dressed

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Speaker 1: in creaking black leather, covered with a mass of tinkling mirrors,

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Speaker 1: and his eyes were protected with large eyeglasses. Armed with

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Speaker 1: a sturdy rake in his right hand and a blazing

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Speaker 1: torch in his left, he must have presented a singular

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Speaker 1: aspect when venturing forth into the cellar. He was cheered

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Speaker 1: on by at least two thousand people who had gathered

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Speaker 1: to see the basilisk get beaten. Today. This this convict

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Speaker 1: covered in mirrors like a disco ball uh, carrying a

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Speaker 1: rake and going like, well, I'm gonna kill this ruse

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Speaker 1: just sna I guess got history is so dumb. It's

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Speaker 1: so dumb. What else did you have that too? I mean,

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Speaker 1: but think about it like you're in fifteen hundreds Warsaw.

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Speaker 1: You're you've got you know, jack crap to do. You're

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Speaker 1: just like like, well, I hope I don't get the pox.

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Speaker 1: There's a disco ballman about to kill a magical lizard

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Speaker 1: rooster thing. Hey, isn't that the dude who stole my bread? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they were going to chop his hands off, but they

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Speaker 1: thought this would be funnier. Oh man, that would be great.

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Speaker 1: It's I mean, it's like reality TV but old Timey's

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Speaker 1: his outfit sounds like it sounds like when you think

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Speaker 1: of the coolest D and D get up and then

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Speaker 1: you put it in real life, because it's like, oh yeah,

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Speaker 1: I imagine the sound too, just like ching ching ching,

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Speaker 1: leather under it too, ching ching. I'm going to kill Basseles. Well,

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Speaker 1: this was not how I thought my wife would go.

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Speaker 1: I was supposed to be an alchemist, so incredibly according

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Speaker 1: to historical writings, he did in fact find and kill

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Speaker 1: a basilisk um. But as we know, there's no such

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Speaker 1: thing as like an actual basilisk So was this a

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Speaker 1: bit of creative license on the part of old historians

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Speaker 1: or did he actually find some kind of snake in

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Speaker 1: that cellar that they just were like, yeah, that's it,

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Speaker 1: that's the basilisk Uh. So there are a few parallels

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Speaker 1: to an actual snake bite of that could have happened

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Speaker 1: to these little girls. So snake venom can cause swelling,

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Speaker 1: which is what the physicians observed on the girl's bodies. Um.

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Speaker 1: But the problem is there aren't really that many venomous

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Speaker 1: snakes in Poland. Um, but there is one. So the

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Speaker 1: European adder. Uh, they're not actually typically all that dangerous,

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Speaker 1: but they are venomous. Uh. They're not aggressive, their bites

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Speaker 1: aren't typically fatal, but children do in fact succumb to

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Speaker 1: their venom at times. So so some of the deaths

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Speaker 1: that come from adders are typically among children, which and

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Speaker 1: the victims were children. So I wonder like if this

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Speaker 1: account is true, um, like, could it be that these

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Speaker 1: two girls were playing with an adder like kind of

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Speaker 1: just like molesting the snake until the snake lost it

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Speaker 1: in like bit both of them and then that killed them.

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Speaker 1: And then when the convict covered in mirrors went down,

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Speaker 1: he found the snake. Uh And the maid was frozen

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Speaker 1: in terror because obviously because there are two little girls

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Speaker 1: who were like bloated and dead, and that's she's got

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Speaker 1: like some trauma. Now the maid, no, no, she was

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Speaker 1: um uh So it's the so people thought like, oh,

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Speaker 1: because she's frozen in terror, that's because of the stare

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Speaker 1: of the basilisk. But really it's probably like she just

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Speaker 1: found the bodies of these two little girls. She could

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Speaker 1: have even seen like a snake, like we have of this,

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Speaker 1: Like even if you see a snake or a spider

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Speaker 1: out of the corner of your eye, you get really anxious,

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Speaker 1: even if you don't consciously register seeing it. Uh So,

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Speaker 1: I think that it's really interesting to me, how you know,

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Speaker 1: Mythical creatures are used to give explanation to really frightening,

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Speaker 1: inexplicable occurrences because like when like when a child is

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Speaker 1: killed and it's either a random accident or like even

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Speaker 1: more horrifying, like another human being, we want a monster

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Speaker 1: to pin it on, like a monster that can be

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Speaker 1: vanquished and held up in the town square and like, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I got it, and it's not humans, then the things

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Speaker 1: you know aren't actually dark and evil. It's something outside

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Speaker 1: of yourself. And it's also not just a random sad tragedy.

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Speaker 1: It's like something you can blame rather than just random chance.

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Speaker 1: Is it's so much easier to live in a world

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Speaker 1: where there's something blame worthy rather than life is just

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Speaker 1: right because you take a closure once you kill the basilisk,

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Speaker 1: whereas if it's like, yeah, snake bit it and there's

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Speaker 1: there's a snake bit these kids and there's a bunch

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Speaker 1: of snakes could happen so or like a murder killed them,

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Speaker 1: those are both way more scary because it makes you

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Speaker 1: feel like I'm not safe. Anything could happen. But if

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Speaker 1: but if you like kill the bass, looks like, well

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Speaker 1: we took care of it, this won't happen again. Um So.

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Speaker 1: Another potential origin of the basilisk myth in general um

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Speaker 1: is that of the spitting cobra um. So it can't

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Speaker 1: kill with a stare, but if you stare at it

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Speaker 1: and it spits its venom into your eyes, you will

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Speaker 1: go blind. Um So, spinning cobras are found in Africa

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Speaker 1: and Asia. Um. There expectoration is very dangerous. Uh. So

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Speaker 1: it's not actually spit, but venom from glands that are

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Speaker 1: being um shot out by muscle contractions. Uh. They can

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Speaker 1: spray up to two meters away, so you've got to

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Speaker 1: give them a lot of personal space. Uh. And while

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Speaker 1: the venom isn't dangerous when in contact with human skin,

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Speaker 1: it can cause permanent blindness and corneal swelling when in

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Speaker 1: contact with the eyes. Corneal swelling. That's a good I

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Speaker 1: love that. That's a good D and D name if

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Speaker 1: we're on that topic, sir, corneil of swelling. Um. But

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Speaker 1: a spinning cobra doesn't really have the look of a basilisk.

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Speaker 1: And what I think actually inspired artists in terms of

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Speaker 1: what the basilisk look like is a very real lizard

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Speaker 1: who's actually called the common basilisk um. And it looks

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Speaker 1: a little bit like a chicken and a lizard combined

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Speaker 1: when you think about it. That makes sense because chickens

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Speaker 1: and lizards are both descendants of you know, dinosaur relatives.

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Speaker 1: Um and Uh, this basilisk lizard has a crest on

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Speaker 1: its head and a fin on its back that when

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Speaker 1: it's moving could probably be mistaken for like leathery wings.

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Speaker 1: Let me get a picture of this where you would

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Speaker 1: like to see this. You can kind of see right right.

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Speaker 1: You could kind of see how that would confuse people

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Speaker 1: because it's it's it's noses pointy, and it's like different colors,

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Speaker 1: so you could maybe mistake that for a beak. It's

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Speaker 1: got this like crop on the top of its head

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Speaker 1: or a or a crest on the top of its

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Speaker 1: head that could look like a rooster crest. And then

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Speaker 1: it's got this big fin on its back and its

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Speaker 1: tail that like when it's moving around, you could think like,

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Speaker 1: that's a big wing. If I were a Marco Polo type,

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Speaker 1: like somebody who grew up in a in a world

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Speaker 1: where there were not basilists, and then I traveled to

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Speaker 1: a place where one existed, all bets were off, like, yeah, okay,

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Speaker 1: anything is possible. This thing is insane looking. It'll kill

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Speaker 1: me with the stare. It'll know my name just by

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Speaker 1: looking at me. It knows the exact day and time

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Speaker 1: I will die. Um, it smells like cheese. This thing is,

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Speaker 1: it's real and anything is possible. So what's cool about

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Speaker 1: these lizards um. So. First of all, they're found in

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Speaker 1: Central and South America UM. Which so if you're a

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Speaker 1: European and you like hear a story about it or

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Speaker 1: you see one somehow, like it's gonna be like it's

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00:20:02,359 --> 00:20:06,200
Speaker 1: gonna blow your mind. Um. So they're small, they're only

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00:20:06,240 --> 00:20:09,600
Speaker 1: about two ft long. UM. And this allows them to

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Speaker 1: achieve a little trick that merits them the nickname the

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Speaker 1: Jesus Christ lizard, which I love that it's like how

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Speaker 1: Jesus Christ lizard um. So wind fleeing predators, they're able

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Speaker 1: to build up enough momentum that they can run across

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Speaker 1: the surface of water. Uh. Their feet have scaly fringes

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Speaker 1: that increase the surface area, distributing their weight such that

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Speaker 1: they don't actually break the water tension uh. And also

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Speaker 1: by rapidly slapping their feet against the water, they create

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00:20:38,040 --> 00:20:43,560
Speaker 1: air pockets that give them further buoyancy. Um. And another

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Speaker 1: fun thing about just the word basilisk. So you may

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Speaker 1: like basil and basil looks sound really similar, right, that's

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Speaker 1: not a coincidence. So they both share the root Greek

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Speaker 1: word little king. So the basilisk is the little king

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Speaker 1: serpent and bays is little king of plants, I guess. Um.

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Speaker 1: So there was this medieval myth that if you ate

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Speaker 1: basil after being bitten by a snake, you would feel

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Speaker 1: no pain. Um. The truth is, if you eat basil

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00:21:11,760 --> 00:21:14,639
Speaker 1: after being bitten by a snake, as you'll feel a

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Speaker 1: lot of pain. With like a hint of sweet aromatic

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00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:20,800
Speaker 1: pepperinas it's a nice taste, it's a nice it's a

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Speaker 1: nice sort of like um after taste to being bit.

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Speaker 1: But you will be incredible pain and should go to

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Speaker 1: a hospital. Definitely should. But if you really like a

365
00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:34,280
Speaker 1: good scone, you should try to get bit by snakes

366
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Speaker 1: as much as possible. So now I want to talk

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Speaker 1: to you about the Rock. Not the rock but no,

368
00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:47,560
Speaker 1: not Dwayne, damn it um, but similar So the rock R. O. C.

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00:21:48,320 --> 00:21:51,440
Speaker 1: Was a giant bird in Middle Eastern mythology that could

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Speaker 1: carry off entire elephants. So, uh, which you know I mean,

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Speaker 1: when you think about it, the rock could probably carry

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Speaker 1: off I think he can fly to Secretly, I think

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Speaker 1: he just knows that if he reveals he can fly, Um,

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Speaker 1: his fame would become too intense movies. Anymore him to fly,

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Speaker 1: we would we would adopt him as our god. And

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00:22:14,840 --> 00:22:17,680
Speaker 1: then like he couldn't make move like sort of mediocre

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00:22:17,720 --> 00:22:25,240
Speaker 1: actions anymore, because yeah, exactly. Uh. What I find so

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00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:28,879
Speaker 1: interesting about the rock myth is that there were really, really,

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Speaker 1: actually real life giant flying birds. One such bird was

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Speaker 1: the Argentavia's magnificence. Uh it was it lived about seven

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Speaker 1: million years ago. Um, so it went extinct before humans

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Speaker 1: were around. But it had a wingspan of up to

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00:22:47,160 --> 00:22:50,560
Speaker 1: one feet. Uh. They were the largest flying birds to

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Speaker 1: ever exist. Um. But as you may not know, not

385
00:22:53,240 --> 00:22:56,119
Speaker 1: the largest flying animal. We talked on the show about

386
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Speaker 1: parosaurs and the catskotalists. Uh forgot the rest of its name,

387
00:23:01,960 --> 00:23:05,679
Speaker 1: but it's it's the It was a huge flying reptiles,

388
00:23:07,440 --> 00:23:11,320
Speaker 1: the cats coal. Yeah. Um, it was about the size

389
00:23:11,320 --> 00:23:16,480
Speaker 1: of a small airplane. That's so cool. That's so I

390
00:23:17,480 --> 00:23:19,879
Speaker 1: This is why I host a show about science because

391
00:23:19,880 --> 00:23:24,360
Speaker 1: this ship is so rad. Yeah. So I loved when

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Speaker 1: you said the Latin name of the Argentinian. It was

393
00:23:26,840 --> 00:23:30,520
Speaker 1: a giant condo chargents magnificence. It was very similar to

394
00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:33,240
Speaker 1: a condoria that the people who named it were like,

395
00:23:33,520 --> 00:23:36,760
Speaker 1: this is magnificence. We got no better name for this

396
00:23:36,920 --> 00:23:40,280
Speaker 1: thing when it was standing. So as the name implies

397
00:23:40,320 --> 00:23:43,880
Speaker 1: it was found in Argentina. The fossil records um when

398
00:23:43,920 --> 00:23:46,399
Speaker 1: standing on the ground, it was as tall as a person,

399
00:23:46,920 --> 00:23:52,680
Speaker 1: and based on the the anatomical structure, researchers think it

400
00:23:52,800 --> 00:23:55,920
Speaker 1: just like swallowed its prey hole. That's so cool. How

401
00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:58,040
Speaker 1: big could a thing like that? Like? How much could it?

402
00:23:58,200 --> 00:24:02,880
Speaker 1: What were its gains? I mean, you know, I think

403
00:24:02,880 --> 00:24:04,879
Speaker 1: that it probably One of the things I read is

404
00:24:04,920 --> 00:24:08,760
Speaker 1: there a speculation that it probably just instead of actually

405
00:24:09,280 --> 00:24:12,440
Speaker 1: doing a lot of hunting, it's scared predators away from

406
00:24:12,440 --> 00:24:15,640
Speaker 1: the prey. That its so like scared giant carnivores away

407
00:24:15,640 --> 00:24:19,439
Speaker 1: because here's this huge flying thing of death coming at you,

408
00:24:19,480 --> 00:24:21,520
Speaker 1: and then they would leave and then just like swallow,

409
00:24:21,720 --> 00:24:24,240
Speaker 1: just grab their plate prey and swallow it whole. If

410
00:24:24,240 --> 00:24:28,120
Speaker 1: you saw a thing with a twenty ft wingspan coming, yeah,

411
00:24:28,160 --> 00:24:30,399
Speaker 1: it doesn't matter if you are to look for it,

412
00:24:30,440 --> 00:24:34,160
Speaker 1: I would actively like like say, hey, you come here,

413
00:24:34,200 --> 00:24:37,320
Speaker 1: I will cook for you. Yes, please, I'll let you

414
00:24:37,400 --> 00:24:40,720
Speaker 1: eat me. Honestly speaking, God, now you are my God.

415
00:24:40,760 --> 00:24:45,439
Speaker 1: Now exactly so there are the rock Johnson and my

416
00:24:45,480 --> 00:24:49,639
Speaker 1: God God. He can fly. I know it. We know

417
00:24:49,720 --> 00:24:52,480
Speaker 1: you can fly the rock. If you're listening. You don't

418
00:24:52,480 --> 00:24:55,280
Speaker 1: need to hide it anymore. Then then I know you

419
00:24:55,320 --> 00:24:57,159
Speaker 1: are a fan of this podcast, right, and I know

420
00:24:57,240 --> 00:24:59,320
Speaker 1: you and Dwying the Rock Johnson the best of terms.

421
00:24:59,560 --> 00:25:02,000
Speaker 1: They both they both can fly there there, I mean

422
00:25:02,280 --> 00:25:05,040
Speaker 1: everyone knows, but Vin Diesel. It's more like how those

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00:25:05,040 --> 00:25:10,440
Speaker 1: snakes can fly, right, it's a gliding can get can

424
00:25:10,480 --> 00:25:13,840
Speaker 1: get sick altitude? Yes, he can. He can Pereguin falcon

425
00:25:13,880 --> 00:25:17,760
Speaker 1: that yeah. Jason Statham can jump like a flea, but

426
00:25:17,840 --> 00:25:22,080
Speaker 1: he can't fly. That is true. Kevin Costner can't actually

427
00:25:22,720 --> 00:25:25,240
Speaker 1: make any air. He well, he can walk, he just can't.

428
00:25:25,359 --> 00:25:27,520
Speaker 1: He can't jump. He can't lift a foot. No, no,

429
00:25:27,600 --> 00:25:30,600
Speaker 1: he's too he's actually too entangled with the gravity of

430
00:25:30,600 --> 00:25:33,639
Speaker 1: the Earth, like he cannot It's it's actually every step

431
00:25:33,680 --> 00:25:38,919
Speaker 1: he takes is tremendous. You know the term gravity toss, Yes,

432
00:25:39,040 --> 00:25:42,560
Speaker 1: it's for him, it's literal. He has literal gravty toss

433
00:25:42,600 --> 00:25:44,879
Speaker 1: when he tries to move, so his feet he's always

434
00:25:44,920 --> 00:25:47,680
Speaker 1: sliding right right right, that's he actually kind of moon

435
00:25:47,720 --> 00:25:50,400
Speaker 1: walks around and just everyoneody noticed anytime you've seen Kevin

436
00:25:50,400 --> 00:25:54,080
Speaker 1: Costner run, that's a body that is yeah, exactly. So

437
00:25:54,280 --> 00:25:59,560
Speaker 1: there were also, uh, these giant birds called terror birds.

438
00:26:00,080 --> 00:26:04,080
Speaker 1: Um again this is what I am. Yeah, so they

439
00:26:04,080 --> 00:26:07,320
Speaker 1: went extinct about two point five million years ago. Um

440
00:26:07,960 --> 00:26:12,760
Speaker 1: and uh so they were the apex predator in South America.

441
00:26:13,400 --> 00:26:18,280
Speaker 1: Um again like the like the argent Taivis magnificence. Humans

442
00:26:18,280 --> 00:26:25,679
Speaker 1: weren't around, luckily because we'd be boned. So some species

443
00:26:25,720 --> 00:26:28,080
Speaker 1: reached up to nine feet in height and weighed over

444
00:26:28,160 --> 00:26:31,040
Speaker 1: half a tongue. These are flightless birds, though, so they

445
00:26:31,080 --> 00:26:35,840
Speaker 1: had long, agile legs, huge beaks, and massive talents, according

446
00:26:35,880 --> 00:26:45,960
Speaker 1: to Brazilian According to the Brazilian ornithologist Herculno Alvingetu names sorry,

447
00:26:46,400 --> 00:26:49,520
Speaker 1: he says, quote an ostrich the largest living bird, can

448
00:26:49,520 --> 00:26:53,840
Speaker 1: swallow an apple. But phosphor rosid, that's the terror bird

449
00:26:53,880 --> 00:26:58,000
Speaker 1: can swallow a medium sized dog in one gulf. Just like,

450
00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:04,240
Speaker 1: oh that's okay, So an apple is our scale. What's next?

451
00:27:04,320 --> 00:27:07,760
Speaker 1: Up from apple? What about watermelon? No dog? Dog? Dog? Well,

452
00:27:07,840 --> 00:27:11,760
Speaker 1: because these were carnivores, so yeah, it's it's pretty. You

453
00:27:11,800 --> 00:27:16,119
Speaker 1: can imagine these things just like stomping around, you know,

454
00:27:16,240 --> 00:27:22,080
Speaker 1: squawking really loudly like and just swallowing tiny dog like animals.

455
00:27:22,600 --> 00:27:25,560
Speaker 1: And those animals are like yeah, no, do it. Yeah,

456
00:27:25,680 --> 00:27:28,560
Speaker 1: I'm not going to run from you. Yeah, just like well, okay,

457
00:27:28,600 --> 00:27:32,280
Speaker 1: I give up. There goes my genetic lineage. This god

458
00:27:32,359 --> 00:27:35,240
Speaker 1: wants me dead. The flightless bird, I think, in some

459
00:27:35,280 --> 00:27:39,040
Speaker 1: ways is scarier than a flight full bird because all

460
00:27:39,119 --> 00:27:43,280
Speaker 1: the things that make you flight right, the things that

461
00:27:43,400 --> 00:27:45,679
Speaker 1: let you fly, like tiny legs, so you have to

462
00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:50,320
Speaker 1: have delicate features. It features tiny legs to fly, and

463
00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:54,439
Speaker 1: you you can be crazy muscular, but like not, you

464
00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:58,840
Speaker 1: can't take a big thigh. It's those thigh thickness, thick thoughts,

465
00:27:58,840 --> 00:28:04,440
Speaker 1: those thick ass meaty thighs where it's like thighs forever,

466
00:28:05,040 --> 00:28:12,000
Speaker 1: thighs four weeks, thighs for years, for eons. Uh so there.

467
00:28:12,000 --> 00:28:15,080
Speaker 1: The theory why these one extinct is actually that they

468
00:28:15,080 --> 00:28:20,280
Speaker 1: were too awesome. Well no, sadly, when the North American

469
00:28:20,280 --> 00:28:23,600
Speaker 1: predators like sabored tooth tigers migrated, when North and South

470
00:28:23,640 --> 00:28:28,000
Speaker 1: America like smooshed together and started the Great Continental Smosh,

471
00:28:28,040 --> 00:28:32,240
Speaker 1: the Great Continental smoosh. Um, so the sabre tooth tigers

472
00:28:32,320 --> 00:28:36,080
Speaker 1: took over their niche. Oh so they like hunted. They

473
00:28:36,119 --> 00:28:38,400
Speaker 1: didn't hunt the terror bird, but they hunted the terrible

474
00:28:38,640 --> 00:28:41,800
Speaker 1: r exactly. So they couldn't get enough, right that, I

475
00:28:41,840 --> 00:28:44,440
Speaker 1: guess they were too. The problem was they were too awesome,

476
00:28:44,480 --> 00:28:46,840
Speaker 1: so they never had to compete. Exactly, they were not

477
00:28:47,040 --> 00:28:52,160
Speaker 1: they were. They peaked in high school, like evolutionarily speaking,

478
00:28:52,200 --> 00:28:55,160
Speaker 1: and then like as soon as this, like who used

479
00:28:55,160 --> 00:28:56,640
Speaker 1: to be a nerd in high school? And then they

480
00:28:56,640 --> 00:28:59,560
Speaker 1: turned out to be awesome. They have a great personality,

481
00:28:59,600 --> 00:29:03,440
Speaker 1: exact hobbies, and really long teeth. Right. They used to

482
00:29:03,480 --> 00:29:05,720
Speaker 1: get made fun of for their orthodontics, but then it

483
00:29:05,720 --> 00:29:09,560
Speaker 1: turned out that these massive teeth and just like Agile

484
00:29:09,600 --> 00:29:12,200
Speaker 1: is ship that guy who's really into karate in high

485
00:29:12,200 --> 00:29:15,280
Speaker 1: school and you thought was a Nina warrior, right exactly.

486
00:29:18,680 --> 00:29:21,360
Speaker 1: The Chimera was a mythological beast that had the head

487
00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:23,560
Speaker 1: and body of a lion, with an extra goat head

488
00:29:23,600 --> 00:29:25,320
Speaker 1: sticking out in the head and body of a snake

489
00:29:25,360 --> 00:29:28,360
Speaker 1: as its tail. It was said to breathe fire, and

490
00:29:28,400 --> 00:29:31,400
Speaker 1: it's thought to have been inspired by the real Unartist

491
00:29:31,480 --> 00:29:35,880
Speaker 1: Mountain area in Turkey's Olympos Valley. Here, gas vents under

492
00:29:35,920 --> 00:29:39,960
Speaker 1: the ground allows small fires to continually burn, making it

493
00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:43,400
Speaker 1: seem like a place where magical creatures breathe undying fire.

494
00:29:44,040 --> 00:29:47,200
Speaker 1: Even stranger there are real life chimeras found throughout the

495
00:29:47,200 --> 00:29:50,959
Speaker 1: animal and human realm. A genetic chimera is an individual

496
00:29:50,960 --> 00:29:54,240
Speaker 1: who has cells of more than one genotype, typically meaning

497
00:29:54,280 --> 00:29:58,080
Speaker 1: two or more zygoats used to form a single organism.

498
00:29:58,160 --> 00:30:02,080
Speaker 1: And animals, this can cause stark, bilateral symmetrical patches of

499
00:30:02,200 --> 00:30:05,160
Speaker 1: different fur or eyes, like a cat with black fur

500
00:30:05,240 --> 00:30:07,200
Speaker 1: on one half of its face an orange fur on

501
00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:11,360
Speaker 1: the other. Hetero chromia two differently colored eyes can be

502
00:30:11,440 --> 00:30:15,400
Speaker 1: caused by chimerism, but it's more often caused by mosaicism,

503
00:30:15,440 --> 00:30:18,200
Speaker 1: a genetic scenario where an individual has more than one

504
00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:21,040
Speaker 1: genotype but only from a single zygote, meaning that there

505
00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:25,480
Speaker 1: was some weird cell replication abnormalities within that zygote. Chimeric

506
00:30:25,560 --> 00:30:28,600
Speaker 1: humans are extremely rare, with only about one hundred currently

507
00:30:28,640 --> 00:30:32,440
Speaker 1: documented cases, one of whom is American singer Taylor Mule,

508
00:30:32,720 --> 00:30:35,080
Speaker 1: whose torso is pink on one side and lighter on

509
00:30:35,120 --> 00:30:38,000
Speaker 1: the other side. But there aren't any chimeras like in

510
00:30:38,120 --> 00:30:42,320
Speaker 1: myth where multiple animal DNA in one organism or are

511
00:30:42,440 --> 00:30:46,640
Speaker 1: there in Researchers at the Salk Institute in San Diego

512
00:30:46,760 --> 00:30:50,240
Speaker 1: injected human stem cells into a pig embryo, creating a

513
00:30:50,400 --> 00:30:54,360
Speaker 1: human pig hybrid kinda sort of the pig embryo was

514
00:30:54,400 --> 00:30:58,120
Speaker 1: only about zero point zero zero one percent human and

515
00:30:58,280 --> 00:31:00,520
Speaker 1: was only allowed to develop for twenty days in the

516
00:31:00,520 --> 00:31:03,720
Speaker 1: pigs womb. So no talking pigs of my nightmares yet.

517
00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:06,600
Speaker 1: Speaking of nightmares, we have to take a break for

518
00:31:06,680 --> 00:31:16,240
Speaker 1: some bad advertisements, but we'll be right back. When it

519
00:31:16,280 --> 00:31:20,080
Speaker 1: comes to understanding human and animal behavior in psychology, we've

520
00:31:20,120 --> 00:31:22,120
Speaker 1: had a bit of a rough start over the past

521
00:31:22,200 --> 00:31:26,200
Speaker 1: few centuries. In medieval times, Beasti area authors thought that

522
00:31:26,280 --> 00:31:29,720
Speaker 1: lions breathed life into their young, and bears licked their

523
00:31:29,760 --> 00:31:32,280
Speaker 1: young into shape. We know, of course, that they were

524
00:31:32,320 --> 00:31:35,560
Speaker 1: likely licking the amniotic sack off their newly born young,

525
00:31:35,920 --> 00:31:38,920
Speaker 1: but it's easy to see how such a behavior was misinterpreted.

526
00:31:39,360 --> 00:31:42,880
Speaker 1: Human behaviors, too, have been wildly misinterpreted, and the history

527
00:31:42,920 --> 00:31:46,240
Speaker 1: of psychology is a doozy. Throughout human history, people have

528
00:31:46,320 --> 00:31:50,160
Speaker 1: thought mental illness was a sign of demonic possession. In fact,

529
00:31:50,200 --> 00:31:53,920
Speaker 1: in ancient times, people practiced treppending, the art of drilling

530
00:31:53,960 --> 00:31:56,000
Speaker 1: a hole in the skull or chiseling a chunk of

531
00:31:56,040 --> 00:31:59,200
Speaker 1: the skull bone out, which was thought to release evil

532
00:31:59,280 --> 00:32:03,360
Speaker 1: spirits from the brain. Not all Trumpening patients survived, but

533
00:32:03,560 --> 00:32:06,200
Speaker 1: some did even as far back as the Stone Age,

534
00:32:06,400 --> 00:32:09,200
Speaker 1: as we have artifacts of Treppen skulls where the skull

535
00:32:09,240 --> 00:32:13,040
Speaker 1: hole healed over. Drilling a hole in your skull sounds bad,

536
00:32:13,080 --> 00:32:17,720
Speaker 1: but what about biting off your own testicles? What would

537
00:32:17,760 --> 00:32:24,400
Speaker 1: you rather, alex uh, drilling a hole in my skull? Yeah,

538
00:32:24,480 --> 00:32:26,760
Speaker 1: because if I bit off my own testicles, I'd have

539
00:32:26,880 --> 00:32:29,920
Speaker 1: to somehow figure out the logistics of getting my mouth

540
00:32:30,080 --> 00:32:34,040
Speaker 1: down there, which would I think hurt almost as much

541
00:32:34,120 --> 00:32:36,200
Speaker 1: as the actual act. Right, You'd have to remove a

542
00:32:36,240 --> 00:32:40,600
Speaker 1: few vertebrae first, or like a few ribs or something,

543
00:32:41,080 --> 00:32:43,880
Speaker 1: or I'd have yeah, a few, or someone really strong

544
00:32:43,920 --> 00:32:47,200
Speaker 1: will just have to force yikes. I'd have to get

545
00:32:47,280 --> 00:32:49,440
Speaker 1: Dwyn the Rock Johnson to do it for me. Well,

546
00:32:49,480 --> 00:32:53,920
Speaker 1: at least you're not a medieval beaver. That's something I

547
00:32:53,960 --> 00:32:56,920
Speaker 1: often remind like when I'm feeling down and I've given

548
00:32:57,040 --> 00:32:58,800
Speaker 1: myself a pep talk, I'm like, well, at least I'm

549
00:32:58,800 --> 00:33:02,240
Speaker 1: not a medieval beaver. I really want that as a poster.

550
00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:04,600
Speaker 1: I'm moving apartments right now and I'm doing a lot

551
00:33:04,600 --> 00:33:07,080
Speaker 1: of Etsy shopping for cool posters, and I would love

552
00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:10,280
Speaker 1: a poster of you saying that at least you're not

553
00:33:10,360 --> 00:33:15,040
Speaker 1: a medieval beaver. Our other catchphrases don't you noodle, stay

554
00:33:15,040 --> 00:33:20,120
Speaker 1: in scoodle, which is about not noodling catfish. So here's

555
00:33:20,120 --> 00:33:23,640
Speaker 1: a medieval theory about beavers. They were said to chew

556
00:33:23,680 --> 00:33:27,200
Speaker 1: off their own testicles and throw them at hunters to

557
00:33:27,280 --> 00:33:31,080
Speaker 1: avoid being captured. So you may be asking why would

558
00:33:31,080 --> 00:33:33,920
Speaker 1: this be helpful in any way, shape or form. So,

559
00:33:34,120 --> 00:33:38,120
Speaker 1: beaver testicles used to be prized for their medicinal value. Um.

560
00:33:38,240 --> 00:33:43,520
Speaker 1: Hunters were after that sweet sweet juice called castorium, which

561
00:33:43,600 --> 00:33:47,160
Speaker 1: we talked about last time as uh, it's actually used

562
00:33:47,280 --> 00:33:52,680
Speaker 1: as artificial vanilla flavoring today. What yeah, beaver nut is

563
00:33:52,800 --> 00:33:58,560
Speaker 1: used as artificial vanilla flavor. Sorry, I need you to stop. No,

564
00:33:58,840 --> 00:34:02,160
Speaker 1: I'm not gonna, but they wait. So like when I

565
00:34:02,280 --> 00:34:06,080
Speaker 1: eat cheap vanilla ice cream, it's not made in a lab.

566
00:34:06,360 --> 00:34:09,960
Speaker 1: It's taken from beaver testicles, not always, but it is

567
00:34:10,160 --> 00:34:16,160
Speaker 1: FDA approved as generally regarded as safe. So fuck damn it.

568
00:34:16,440 --> 00:34:20,440
Speaker 1: I mean most vanilla things are probably vanilla extract. Sorry

569
00:34:20,440 --> 00:34:24,239
Speaker 1: I almost said vanilla astract, which is more accurate when

570
00:34:24,239 --> 00:34:30,719
Speaker 1: it comes to castoreum um. But in medieval times, this

571
00:34:30,920 --> 00:34:34,680
Speaker 1: was thought to be medicinal um. So the thought is

572
00:34:34,800 --> 00:34:38,080
Speaker 1: that if beavers bite off their own testicles then lift

573
00:34:38,120 --> 00:34:40,200
Speaker 1: a leg to show hunters that they no longer have

574
00:34:40,600 --> 00:34:45,880
Speaker 1: those sweet, sweet castoreum balls. Uh, then they would be safe. Uh.

575
00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:49,360
Speaker 1: This is also a weird Christian parable for living chastely

576
00:34:49,560 --> 00:34:52,200
Speaker 1: so you wouldn't be captured by the devil. So basically

577
00:34:52,400 --> 00:34:58,640
Speaker 1: sacrificing your your gonads to not like get tempted by

578
00:34:58,719 --> 00:35:01,600
Speaker 1: Satan or something, which I don't know. I guess they're saying, like,

579
00:35:01,840 --> 00:35:03,880
Speaker 1: cut off your own ball, cut off your own balls,

580
00:35:04,000 --> 00:35:06,839
Speaker 1: and then then spread your legs for Satan to say,

581
00:35:06,920 --> 00:35:12,000
Speaker 1: look at this, at this Satan, Satan, I can't come. Actually,

582
00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:14,600
Speaker 1: I don't know if that's true. But castrated people, that's

583
00:35:14,640 --> 00:35:17,360
Speaker 1: not my area. Well, it's definitely you're not you'd be

584
00:35:17,440 --> 00:35:19,840
Speaker 1: shooting blanks, that's true, So maybe you can still. I

585
00:35:19,960 --> 00:35:25,200
Speaker 1: got no juice. You know the phrase vanilla sex. Yes,

586
00:35:25,520 --> 00:35:28,520
Speaker 1: I'm never again going to think that that means boring sex.

587
00:35:29,200 --> 00:35:32,439
Speaker 1: It's gonna mean something beaver like. I suppose something beaver

588
00:35:32,600 --> 00:35:36,640
Speaker 1: like and with castration. In the last time I was

589
00:35:36,680 --> 00:35:38,719
Speaker 1: on the show, we like talked about a lot of

590
00:35:39,520 --> 00:35:42,439
Speaker 1: interesting sex practices and hot Water for being a little

591
00:35:42,480 --> 00:35:45,560
Speaker 1: too judgmental, and I'm not going to do that year. No,

592
00:35:45,680 --> 00:35:49,719
Speaker 1: don't judge, don't judge. I don't want my testicles bitten off.

593
00:35:50,040 --> 00:35:53,279
Speaker 1: Well for vanilla sex, I'm gonna I'm actually going to

594
00:35:53,400 --> 00:35:56,840
Speaker 1: judge people for biting off testicles. There, I did it.

595
00:35:57,040 --> 00:36:00,400
Speaker 1: Hot I said it, hot take, hot take. It's contra virtual.

596
00:36:00,480 --> 00:36:04,040
Speaker 1: But you know, so hunters at this time, we're wrong

597
00:36:04,400 --> 00:36:08,080
Speaker 1: because what they thought they were getting were testicles, but

598
00:36:08,200 --> 00:36:12,720
Speaker 1: they were actually, uh this is disgusting, but they weren't balls.

599
00:36:12,840 --> 00:36:15,799
Speaker 1: They were just glands that were holding the castor am

600
00:36:16,480 --> 00:36:20,279
Speaker 1: Why is that more disgusting than if it was Okay, yeah,

601
00:36:22,200 --> 00:36:24,839
Speaker 1: I'm like two in it, right, Yeah, yeah, it's a bit.

602
00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:28,080
Speaker 1: I'm doing a bit. But the real testicles were inside

603
00:36:28,120 --> 00:36:34,800
Speaker 1: the beaver the whole time, because they were the balls

604
00:36:34,840 --> 00:36:38,719
Speaker 1: are coming from inside the beaver um. And they did

605
00:36:38,800 --> 00:36:41,040
Speaker 1: not bite off their own testicles. But they may have

606
00:36:41,120 --> 00:36:44,160
Speaker 1: believed this because the testicles weren't internal, so they were

607
00:36:44,200 --> 00:36:46,960
Speaker 1: like looking for testicles and they couldn't find them, and

608
00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:49,360
Speaker 1: they're like, oh, it's clearly they put them off or something.

609
00:36:49,480 --> 00:36:52,680
Speaker 1: Did they bite off? No? They didn't do anything. No,

610
00:36:53,440 --> 00:36:56,959
Speaker 1: that the amount of intelligence, the amount of human type

611
00:36:57,000 --> 00:37:00,880
Speaker 1: intelligence ascribed to the beaver to say knows the hunters

612
00:37:00,920 --> 00:37:03,920
Speaker 1: coming from my balls, I will therefore bite my balls

613
00:37:03,960 --> 00:37:06,960
Speaker 1: up and throw them at the hunter, plus show the

614
00:37:07,040 --> 00:37:11,799
Speaker 1: hunter my empty ball area. Is like, that's at least

615
00:37:11,840 --> 00:37:14,880
Speaker 1: a fourteen or fifteen year old human level of right, right,

616
00:37:15,040 --> 00:37:19,400
Speaker 1: that's yeah, I mean beavers, they have their strengths. I

617
00:37:19,480 --> 00:37:22,799
Speaker 1: don't think intuiting that people want their balls is one

618
00:37:22,840 --> 00:37:25,200
Speaker 1: of them. I could not build a dam with my

619
00:37:25,320 --> 00:37:29,279
Speaker 1: teeth and change in ecological niche for myself, but I

620
00:37:29,360 --> 00:37:31,600
Speaker 1: could figure out if hunters were coming from my ball, right,

621
00:37:31,600 --> 00:37:33,200
Speaker 1: And you could figure out that if you rip off

622
00:37:33,239 --> 00:37:36,080
Speaker 1: their your balls, you no longer have anything to offer

623
00:37:36,120 --> 00:37:43,080
Speaker 1: the world. But that hurts because it's true. So I

624
00:37:43,200 --> 00:37:46,440
Speaker 1: couldn't find any examples of an animal biting off its

625
00:37:46,520 --> 00:37:50,719
Speaker 1: own testicles. Um uh. And we do know that there

626
00:37:50,840 --> 00:37:53,239
Speaker 1: are cases where animals do ditch a part of their

627
00:37:53,280 --> 00:37:56,839
Speaker 1: body to evade predators, like the autonomous tales of reptiles.

628
00:37:57,200 --> 00:38:00,279
Speaker 1: They'll pop off, wiggle around, distract the predator why the

629
00:38:00,440 --> 00:38:07,320
Speaker 1: wizard escapes. But there are some orb weaving spiders called

630
00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:12,680
Speaker 1: Nephilingi's malabaronet cys there we go. Who will detach their

631
00:38:12,800 --> 00:38:16,799
Speaker 1: penises during mating? Didn't we talk about this last time?

632
00:38:16,920 --> 00:38:19,640
Speaker 1: Is on this podcast? We may have talked about I

633
00:38:19,680 --> 00:38:23,000
Speaker 1: think a different detachable penis um because you talked about

634
00:38:23,000 --> 00:38:27,319
Speaker 1: the king missile song. Yes, yes, the Dutch very catchy song.

635
00:38:27,520 --> 00:38:30,960
Speaker 1: I think we're talking about c slug. Yeah that was it. Yeah. Um,

636
00:38:31,400 --> 00:38:35,520
Speaker 1: But so the female or weaver of the species is

637
00:38:35,560 --> 00:38:39,360
Speaker 1: a sexual cannibal. She'll eat the male after mating. So

638
00:38:39,520 --> 00:38:42,400
Speaker 1: the male, by detaching his penis, allows his penis to

639
00:38:42,520 --> 00:38:45,719
Speaker 1: keep working after he's dead. Uh. Scientists found that the

640
00:38:45,840 --> 00:38:50,520
Speaker 1: penis continued to pump sperm into the spider's reproductive tract

641
00:38:50,640 --> 00:38:54,000
Speaker 1: long after being detached, to twenty minutes. That's straight up.

642
00:38:56,480 --> 00:38:59,600
Speaker 1: So there are two other theories why this is beneficial. Uh.

643
00:38:59,719 --> 00:39:03,040
Speaker 1: There is the plugging hypothesis, which is that it literally

644
00:39:03,120 --> 00:39:07,120
Speaker 1: just plugs up the females genital opening, preventing other males

645
00:39:07,200 --> 00:39:11,400
Speaker 1: from copulating. But my favorite one is called the gloves

646
00:39:11,440 --> 00:39:15,920
Speaker 1: off strategy. UM. The ideas that Unich spiders are better fighters.

647
00:39:16,480 --> 00:39:19,960
Speaker 1: Um by dropping their palp, which is basically their penis um,

648
00:39:20,280 --> 00:39:24,279
Speaker 1: it allows them more agility to fend off competitors, like

649
00:39:24,760 --> 00:39:27,120
Speaker 1: punch them away from trying to mate with the female

650
00:39:27,200 --> 00:39:29,759
Speaker 1: that they just made it with. Um. So the one

651
00:39:29,920 --> 00:39:33,160
Speaker 1: thing keeping you back from being tough is your dick

652
00:39:33,320 --> 00:39:35,520
Speaker 1: in this instance, Yeah, if you're an orb weaving spider,

653
00:39:35,600 --> 00:39:40,000
Speaker 1: because like Pickle, I mean, I don't think so. It's

654
00:39:40,040 --> 00:39:44,000
Speaker 1: interesting because like researchers did find that Unich males were

655
00:39:44,080 --> 00:39:47,719
Speaker 1: more aggressive and by dropping their penis they increase their

656
00:39:47,840 --> 00:39:52,080
Speaker 1: endurance and speed dramatically. Um that this keeps I know

657
00:39:52,239 --> 00:39:54,520
Speaker 1: I keep talking about dungeons and dragons, but I want

658
00:39:54,640 --> 00:40:00,520
Speaker 1: that to be a character feature. Buff Yeah. Now, um,

659
00:40:00,960 --> 00:40:06,680
Speaker 1: the amount of things evolutionarily that creatures go through to

660
00:40:06,800 --> 00:40:10,200
Speaker 1: make their sperm win is so fascinating. Have you ever

661
00:40:10,840 --> 00:40:13,560
Speaker 1: I I know this book has gotten a lot of pushback,

662
00:40:13,640 --> 00:40:16,040
Speaker 1: but have you ever read Sex at Dawn? I've heard

663
00:40:16,080 --> 00:40:18,200
Speaker 1: about that book. Yeah, I hadn't read it. It's interesting.

664
00:40:18,280 --> 00:40:20,680
Speaker 1: I think it deserves a read with a critical eye.

665
00:40:20,800 --> 00:40:25,160
Speaker 1: But there hypothesis about human mating behavior is sperm competition.

666
00:40:25,239 --> 00:40:28,160
Speaker 1: So it's not like man to man fighting because that

667
00:40:28,480 --> 00:40:30,640
Speaker 1: you know, we're not guerillas, We're not built like gorillas.

668
00:40:30,960 --> 00:40:34,799
Speaker 1: So it's like we're competing with our sperm, and it's

669
00:40:34,840 --> 00:40:38,400
Speaker 1: a it's definitely a bit utopian. You reading, you're like,

670
00:40:38,440 --> 00:40:40,040
Speaker 1: oh yeah, I like want to live in a tribe

671
00:40:40,040 --> 00:40:42,000
Speaker 1: where everyone's sucking all the time and people are happy,

672
00:40:42,080 --> 00:40:44,960
Speaker 1: like but Nobles, Like, it's definitely pushing for that, and

673
00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:47,520
Speaker 1: they have good evidence. But I've also seen other you know,

674
00:40:47,600 --> 00:40:51,560
Speaker 1: biological anthropologists pushing back against that evidence. But that the

675
00:40:51,719 --> 00:40:55,399
Speaker 1: whole human penis anatomy is for sperm competition, Like it's

676
00:40:55,600 --> 00:40:58,520
Speaker 1: just trying to pull the other competitor sperm out. I mean,

677
00:40:58,600 --> 00:41:01,400
Speaker 1: it's possible, but there are there is evidence of that

678
00:41:01,560 --> 00:41:04,320
Speaker 1: in other animals, like um, we talked about it on

679
00:41:04,400 --> 00:41:06,960
Speaker 1: the show, but like there are penis shapes in animals

680
00:41:07,040 --> 00:41:10,040
Speaker 1: that literally are used as like shovels to scoop out

681
00:41:10,520 --> 00:41:14,000
Speaker 1: competitor sperm. So it's it's very possible that that's the

682
00:41:14,120 --> 00:41:17,120
Speaker 1: case for humans. I think it's just like as we

683
00:41:17,280 --> 00:41:21,200
Speaker 1: can tell, like with these whole mythological things of misinterpreting

684
00:41:21,280 --> 00:41:24,160
Speaker 1: the evidence to mean something like in old times, we

685
00:41:24,280 --> 00:41:27,319
Speaker 1: do the same thing today where we can misinterpret um

686
00:41:27,640 --> 00:41:31,120
Speaker 1: evidence like the shape of a wiener uh to mean

687
00:41:31,320 --> 00:41:33,600
Speaker 1: something that may or may not be true. It's that's

688
00:41:33,840 --> 00:41:37,880
Speaker 1: it's such a tricky thing with evolutionary history. But I

689
00:41:37,960 --> 00:41:40,840
Speaker 1: would be really interested in I think I think that

690
00:41:40,960 --> 00:41:44,040
Speaker 1: maybe would present a difficulty for studies to try to

691
00:41:44,120 --> 00:41:47,840
Speaker 1: find out, like how human wieners work during sex. I

692
00:41:47,920 --> 00:41:51,280
Speaker 1: think they've done it just with anatomical models, like really interesting,

693
00:41:51,320 --> 00:41:55,239
Speaker 1: because it's I think pretty good for pulling it out.

694
00:41:55,400 --> 00:41:58,960
Speaker 1: I'd love the idea of a programmer spending like like

695
00:41:59,200 --> 00:42:01,440
Speaker 1: hours and hours in weeks and weeks, like doing a

696
00:42:01,880 --> 00:42:05,120
Speaker 1: mathematically correct model for how a wiener works during sex.

697
00:42:05,239 --> 00:42:06,719
Speaker 1: That's oh, I was thinking they did it with like

698
00:42:06,800 --> 00:42:09,600
Speaker 1: physical models, But I like the idea of like it's

699
00:42:09,600 --> 00:42:14,080
Speaker 1: still good, still good dynamics. Someone just like like thoughtfully

700
00:42:14,160 --> 00:42:18,600
Speaker 1: watching a fake rubber wiener just going not right. You know,

701
00:42:18,719 --> 00:42:22,640
Speaker 1: it needs more liability. So, speaking of sexual cannibals, in

702
00:42:23,200 --> 00:42:28,240
Speaker 1: medieval times, they thought that female vipers conceived by biting

703
00:42:28,280 --> 00:42:32,719
Speaker 1: off the male heads. According to the Aberdeen Beastierry, the

704
00:42:32,920 --> 00:42:35,920
Speaker 1: female viper conceives by biting off the male's head, her

705
00:42:35,960 --> 00:42:38,000
Speaker 1: young bite through her stomach to be born, and then

706
00:42:38,080 --> 00:42:41,919
Speaker 1: she dies, which fuck, that's so metal. It's not true though,

707
00:42:42,040 --> 00:42:46,359
Speaker 1: vipers don't do this, but certain species of praying mantises

708
00:42:46,719 --> 00:42:49,120
Speaker 1: do bite off heads, and I think a lot of

709
00:42:49,160 --> 00:42:52,640
Speaker 1: people are aware of that idea that mantis is will

710
00:42:52,719 --> 00:42:55,759
Speaker 1: bite off the female mantis bites off the males after copulation.

711
00:42:56,400 --> 00:42:59,440
Speaker 1: But one kind of myth busting thing is that they

712
00:42:59,480 --> 00:43:02,320
Speaker 1: don't do the us all the time. So even amongst

713
00:43:02,360 --> 00:43:05,040
Speaker 1: the species, certain species don't do it at all. Amongst

714
00:43:05,080 --> 00:43:09,279
Speaker 1: the species that do practice sexual cannibalism only do it

715
00:43:09,400 --> 00:43:12,240
Speaker 1: between thirteen and twenty eight percent of the time according

716
00:43:12,320 --> 00:43:15,960
Speaker 1: to studies. And I love this so. Sydney Brannock, a

717
00:43:16,040 --> 00:43:19,920
Speaker 1: mantis expert at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, says, quote,

718
00:43:20,280 --> 00:43:23,239
Speaker 1: maybe if the female is starving or the male irritates her,

719
00:43:23,360 --> 00:43:25,720
Speaker 1: she might engage in that behavior. But they don't always

720
00:43:25,800 --> 00:43:28,920
Speaker 1: do it. Just like the males like being being a

721
00:43:29,000 --> 00:43:32,359
Speaker 1: real sex pest and she's just like eats his head.

722
00:43:32,440 --> 00:43:34,719
Speaker 1: Well that's how you know then if you're a good lay,

723
00:43:34,880 --> 00:43:37,600
Speaker 1: if you're praying mantis. Right, I'm still alive. I've had

724
00:43:37,640 --> 00:43:42,359
Speaker 1: sex three times. No one's killed me yet, right, right? Uh?

725
00:43:42,640 --> 00:43:46,000
Speaker 1: And it actually there is a benefit to biting off

726
00:43:46,040 --> 00:43:48,360
Speaker 1: the male's head, so it may be good for for

727
00:43:48,480 --> 00:43:51,359
Speaker 1: the children. Think of the children bite off the male's head.

728
00:43:51,760 --> 00:43:55,719
Speaker 1: So when female Chinese mantises eat their partners, they lay

729
00:43:55,840 --> 00:43:59,239
Speaker 1: twice as many eggs, and the amino acids they get

730
00:43:59,280 --> 00:44:02,520
Speaker 1: from the male's head are incorporated into the eggs they lay,

731
00:44:03,280 --> 00:44:06,200
Speaker 1: So there is a there's an evolutionary benefit and a

732
00:44:06,320 --> 00:44:10,399
Speaker 1: good dad. And then right exactly, just like our dad

733
00:44:10,640 --> 00:44:13,200
Speaker 1: may be dead, but hey we got we got that

734
00:44:13,320 --> 00:44:17,680
Speaker 1: sweethead juice. I thought my dad sacrificed the well. Speaking

735
00:44:17,800 --> 00:44:21,440
Speaker 1: of sacrifice, when you think about moms who sacrifice, typically

736
00:44:21,520 --> 00:44:24,840
Speaker 1: think about like, you know, picking it up from school

737
00:44:24,920 --> 00:44:27,960
Speaker 1: every day and and helping you with your homework, maybe

738
00:44:28,040 --> 00:44:31,080
Speaker 1: working a job, and uh, you know, always being there

739
00:44:31,160 --> 00:44:34,440
Speaker 1: for you. But what about literally letting you drink her

740
00:44:34,520 --> 00:44:39,560
Speaker 1: life blood? Yeah, that's pretty cool. Tell me about this

741
00:44:39,760 --> 00:44:43,640
Speaker 1: awesome thing. So this is called Any sort of form

742
00:44:43,760 --> 00:44:47,879
Speaker 1: of eating your own mom is called nature Fiji. Yes,

743
00:44:48,320 --> 00:44:52,720
Speaker 1: I love Latin sciences. I love that there's a word

744
00:44:52,840 --> 00:44:56,200
Speaker 1: for this. Of course there is. So the writers of

745
00:44:56,280 --> 00:45:00,360
Speaker 1: Best Here were like super into it. These board monks,

746
00:45:00,520 --> 00:45:07,839
Speaker 1: just like these board heteronormative monks, these probably hornyren't for pelicans.

747
00:45:08,840 --> 00:45:11,120
Speaker 1: So they would talk about that there's this myth that

748
00:45:11,200 --> 00:45:15,280
Speaker 1: the pelicans were thought to bleed themselves to feed chicks,

749
00:45:15,360 --> 00:45:17,560
Speaker 1: so they would use their beaks to stab their chest

750
00:45:18,000 --> 00:45:20,160
Speaker 1: and then use that to have the chicks look at

751
00:45:20,200 --> 00:45:24,240
Speaker 1: a pelicans stupid face structure and say, oh, that giant

752
00:45:24,719 --> 00:45:28,440
Speaker 1: pocket beak, it's for like bleeding yourself. How can you

753
00:45:28,560 --> 00:45:31,719
Speaker 1: not you know, I guess you're right if you're a

754
00:45:31,800 --> 00:45:34,160
Speaker 1: board medieval monk, I guess that's where you go with it.

755
00:45:34,680 --> 00:45:37,320
Speaker 1: Like a lot of the stories in the beast Eeries,

756
00:45:37,400 --> 00:45:41,399
Speaker 1: this was another Christian allegory. The so the story goes

757
00:45:41,520 --> 00:45:45,719
Speaker 1: that the pelican um like got annoying. This is a

758
00:45:45,800 --> 00:45:48,600
Speaker 1: really funny story. So, like the one of the main

759
00:45:48,719 --> 00:45:52,680
Speaker 1: recurring myths is that there's this pelican it's young, grow

760
00:45:52,760 --> 00:45:55,160
Speaker 1: up and they're really annoying. So she like sits on

761
00:45:55,280 --> 00:45:58,160
Speaker 1: them and then accidentally kills them, and she feels so

762
00:45:58,320 --> 00:46:02,040
Speaker 1: guilty that she like pierces her own breast and then

763
00:46:02,440 --> 00:46:05,200
Speaker 1: her blood revives the chicks and they come back to life.

764
00:46:05,640 --> 00:46:08,399
Speaker 1: And this is like Christian imagery of like the fall

765
00:46:08,480 --> 00:46:11,760
Speaker 1: of man kind and then the blood of Christ redeeming

766
00:46:11,840 --> 00:46:16,799
Speaker 1: man or something. I don't it's a it's a bit

767
00:46:16,840 --> 00:46:20,479
Speaker 1: of a um what if sin is like being sad

768
00:46:20,560 --> 00:46:24,800
Speaker 1: on by a pelican, and Jesus is sack or so

769
00:46:24,920 --> 00:46:27,640
Speaker 1: Waite is God the pelican who sits on us. Yes,

770
00:46:28,560 --> 00:46:33,239
Speaker 1: I guess, yeah, yeah, that's about right. So really we

771
00:46:33,360 --> 00:46:36,640
Speaker 1: know that pelicans feed their chicks with sweet sweet ragurgitation,

772
00:46:36,880 --> 00:46:39,880
Speaker 1: just like most birds. But you know, I was curious

773
00:46:39,920 --> 00:46:43,120
Speaker 1: that there's like a real example of a mother animal

774
00:46:43,680 --> 00:46:46,399
Speaker 1: allowing its babies to drink its life. But it's called

775
00:46:46,520 --> 00:46:55,239
Speaker 1: mat um like matrimony, but matrophegi um, and there kind

776
00:46:55,280 --> 00:46:59,080
Speaker 1: of is an example. So we actually have talked to im.

777
00:46:59,400 --> 00:47:01,239
Speaker 1: I swear this is not a clip show, even though

778
00:47:01,280 --> 00:47:04,480
Speaker 1: I keep referencing other episodes. Um, there was the Woe

779
00:47:04,560 --> 00:47:07,200
Speaker 1: Mama episode where we talked about, you know, matro Fiji

780
00:47:07,320 --> 00:47:10,040
Speaker 1: and animals where they often eat their own moms, but

781
00:47:10,120 --> 00:47:12,440
Speaker 1: I don't think we talked about this example. So the

782
00:47:12,560 --> 00:47:18,600
Speaker 1: female um it's called a sticko dipus lineatus uh spider uh.

783
00:47:18,719 --> 00:47:22,120
Speaker 1: It's found in Mediterranean Europe. They're pretty smaller, about half

784
00:47:22,160 --> 00:47:25,920
Speaker 1: an inch big um, and in order to feed its babies,

785
00:47:26,160 --> 00:47:31,239
Speaker 1: it will regurgitate its last meal as well as of

786
00:47:31,320 --> 00:47:35,200
Speaker 1: her body mask out of her face, including her own

787
00:47:35,320 --> 00:47:41,080
Speaker 1: guts and stomach. So she just like basically disembowels herself

788
00:47:41,520 --> 00:47:45,920
Speaker 1: by vomiting everything out uh to feed her young and

789
00:47:46,440 --> 00:47:51,839
Speaker 1: she dies obviously, and the babies gleefully eat the mom pudding. God,

790
00:47:53,120 --> 00:47:56,920
Speaker 1: here's a picture if you like it. Fuck no, fu

791
00:47:57,400 --> 00:48:01,080
Speaker 1: shit funk. I'm sorry to the editor for hearing me scream.

792
00:48:01,640 --> 00:48:05,040
Speaker 1: Oh damn it, that's so bad. But I just showed

793
00:48:05,040 --> 00:48:08,120
Speaker 1: Alex and what'll probably post online for you guys to

794
00:48:08,360 --> 00:48:10,919
Speaker 1: enjoy is a picture of this spider with a bunch

795
00:48:10,960 --> 00:48:14,600
Speaker 1: of babies just covering her face eating her. I can

796
00:48:14,719 --> 00:48:19,160
Speaker 1: just think of the single spider of the species that

797
00:48:19,239 --> 00:48:22,280
Speaker 1: hasn't had kids yet and like all of its friends

798
00:48:22,600 --> 00:48:26,160
Speaker 1: who are about to die. No, it's so great. It'll

799
00:48:26,239 --> 00:48:29,239
Speaker 1: just love it. You're gonna love being a mom. Being

800
00:48:29,360 --> 00:48:32,960
Speaker 1: a mother is like the greatest sacrifice you can make

801
00:48:33,080 --> 00:48:37,839
Speaker 1: because you're litterally dying. There's nothing more beautiful. There's nothing

802
00:48:37,920 --> 00:48:40,400
Speaker 1: more beautiful than when you vomit your guts out of

803
00:48:40,440 --> 00:48:43,319
Speaker 1: your face and you know that, like, yes, you will

804
00:48:43,440 --> 00:48:46,320
Speaker 1: die for sure because your guts are now outside of

805
00:48:46,400 --> 00:48:50,400
Speaker 1: your body, but it's to nourish your children. It's beautiful.

806
00:48:51,120 --> 00:48:55,080
Speaker 1: You're dying for something bigger than you. God, I mean

807
00:48:55,239 --> 00:48:58,880
Speaker 1: Mother's Day for these spiders must be a odd affair, right.

808
00:49:02,640 --> 00:49:05,520
Speaker 1: Just as myths were an attempt to understand animal behavior

809
00:49:05,600 --> 00:49:09,200
Speaker 1: before more scientific methods were discovered, legends may be a

810
00:49:09,239 --> 00:49:12,359
Speaker 1: way to describe unexplained dangers in our environment and may

811
00:49:12,440 --> 00:49:15,520
Speaker 1: help keep us safe. An example is that of the

812
00:49:15,800 --> 00:49:20,279
Speaker 1: nine eighties six Lake Nios disaster and Cameroon, when an

813
00:49:20,440 --> 00:49:23,160
Speaker 1: eruption of c O two from the lake killed thousands

814
00:49:23,200 --> 00:49:27,279
Speaker 1: of people and animals, displacing the breathable air and suffocating them.

815
00:49:27,760 --> 00:49:31,800
Speaker 1: But even before scientists investigating the incident understood the disaster,

816
00:49:32,360 --> 00:49:37,000
Speaker 1: local legend had documented magical killer springs that killed animals

817
00:49:37,080 --> 00:49:40,600
Speaker 1: that approached to drink the water. Learning about these myths

818
00:49:40,840 --> 00:49:44,239
Speaker 1: led scientists to discover that the hot springs had high

819
00:49:44,320 --> 00:49:47,960
Speaker 1: concentrations of volcanic gases, and that's such a spring was

820
00:49:48,080 --> 00:49:50,640
Speaker 1: likely at the bottom of the lake, spewing gas and

821
00:49:50,760 --> 00:49:53,600
Speaker 1: causing a high concentration of c O two to build up,

822
00:49:54,080 --> 00:49:55,840
Speaker 1: and this may not have been the first time the

823
00:49:55,960 --> 00:49:59,839
Speaker 1: lake killed. Local legends warned people the haunted Noos Lake

824
00:50:00,040 --> 00:50:03,279
Speaker 1: that could explode or swallow up and kill people. The

825
00:50:03,400 --> 00:50:06,800
Speaker 1: indigenous people consider the shores of Lake NEOs to be

826
00:50:07,000 --> 00:50:10,479
Speaker 1: cursed and only newer immigrants lived there. In this case,

827
00:50:10,560 --> 00:50:14,000
Speaker 1: the superstition actually saved the lives of those who followed it.

828
00:50:14,480 --> 00:50:16,879
Speaker 1: I'm not saying every myth is true, but if someone

829
00:50:16,960 --> 00:50:19,719
Speaker 1: warns me about a haunted lake, I'm think I'm gonna

830
00:50:19,760 --> 00:50:31,080
Speaker 1: pass Before a more modern understanding of evolutionary biology. Humans

831
00:50:31,120 --> 00:50:35,320
Speaker 1: have been weaving fantastic tales from fossil records and animal artifacts,

832
00:50:35,719 --> 00:50:38,759
Speaker 1: like how dinosaur bones were thought to be dragons. But

833
00:50:38,920 --> 00:50:41,840
Speaker 1: unless you think modern society is immune to coming up

834
00:50:41,880 --> 00:50:46,719
Speaker 1: with fantastic explanations for odd discoveries, here's a contemporary example.

835
00:50:47,239 --> 00:50:49,600
Speaker 1: You may have seen the image of a small, strange

836
00:50:49,719 --> 00:50:54,440
Speaker 1: looking humanoid mummy. It has an elongated skull, elongated limbs,

837
00:50:54,520 --> 00:50:58,080
Speaker 1: and looks like the remains of a tiny alien. The skeleton,

838
00:50:58,280 --> 00:51:02,640
Speaker 1: called Atta, named after chilis Aticama desert in which it

839
00:51:02,760 --> 00:51:06,560
Speaker 1: was found, was thought to be evidence of aliens by ufologists,

840
00:51:07,080 --> 00:51:09,040
Speaker 1: or is thought to be the ancient remains of some

841
00:51:09,280 --> 00:51:13,560
Speaker 1: strange humanoid. But when researchers analyzed the body, not only

842
00:51:13,680 --> 00:51:16,040
Speaker 1: did they find that it was only forty years old,

843
00:51:16,440 --> 00:51:20,719
Speaker 1: but it was unmistakably human. The genome sequenced identified it

844
00:51:20,840 --> 00:51:24,200
Speaker 1: as a female fetus with a number of genetic mutations

845
00:51:24,280 --> 00:51:27,800
Speaker 1: that affected its connective tissues, as well as a bone

846
00:51:27,880 --> 00:51:31,799
Speaker 1: aging disorder that resulted in the fetus is alien like appearance.

847
00:51:32,400 --> 00:51:35,320
Speaker 1: But back before we had the technology of genetic sequencing,

848
00:51:35,719 --> 00:51:37,799
Speaker 1: we had to rely on hunches, like in the case

849
00:51:37,880 --> 00:51:42,840
Speaker 1: of the mystical unicorn. So you like unicorns, alex uh,

850
00:51:43,400 --> 00:51:48,560
Speaker 1: personally no, But for the sake of this bit, why

851
00:51:48,600 --> 00:51:51,600
Speaker 1: don't you like unicorns? I don't like unicorns because I

852
00:51:51,680 --> 00:51:56,319
Speaker 1: think they've come to like mean like I'm wacky. Oh

853
00:51:56,440 --> 00:51:59,800
Speaker 1: I see, I'm unique because but that's silly, because I

854
00:52:00,200 --> 00:52:03,560
Speaker 1: like the appeal of a magical unicorn and so universal.

855
00:52:03,640 --> 00:52:06,799
Speaker 1: It doesn't make you wacky way or unique. It's like, oh,

856
00:52:06,920 --> 00:52:10,880
Speaker 1: I like pizza, like I'm interesting. So not everyone likes pizza.

857
00:52:11,239 --> 00:52:15,239
Speaker 1: Magical horse, a magical horse that like grant two wishes, Like, yeah,

858
00:52:15,280 --> 00:52:17,440
Speaker 1: of course you're gonna like it. What's not to like

859
00:52:18,200 --> 00:52:23,520
Speaker 1: a magical battle horse? Right exactly. So the legendary unicorn

860
00:52:23,680 --> 00:52:27,239
Speaker 1: may have arisen from real animal bones and sidings, like

861
00:52:27,480 --> 00:52:31,680
Speaker 1: from the description of the monoscerous or rhino. So the

862
00:52:31,840 --> 00:52:38,600
Speaker 1: most iconic unicorn horns look eerily similar to the narwhale husks,

863
00:52:39,000 --> 00:52:43,360
Speaker 1: the husk of the tusk of a narwall. In fact,

864
00:52:43,520 --> 00:52:47,080
Speaker 1: the Vikings used to sell narwhal tusks as unicorn horns,

865
00:52:47,800 --> 00:52:51,680
Speaker 1: which were ground into powder and used to neutralize poison

866
00:52:51,960 --> 00:52:55,880
Speaker 1: supposedly and cure melancholy like which is a form of depression,

867
00:52:55,920 --> 00:52:59,000
Speaker 1: I guess, And obviously it couldn't do either of those things.

868
00:52:59,160 --> 00:53:03,080
Speaker 1: But hey, you know, so here's the real story behind

869
00:53:03,160 --> 00:53:06,360
Speaker 1: that unicorn horn, which is actually just the narwal tusk,

870
00:53:06,480 --> 00:53:10,200
Speaker 1: and it's actually super incredible and more incredible than a

871
00:53:10,320 --> 00:53:12,960
Speaker 1: unicorn horn. Um. So you may have already heard this

872
00:53:13,120 --> 00:53:15,480
Speaker 1: if you listen to Stuff to Blow your Mind episode

873
00:53:15,560 --> 00:53:18,680
Speaker 1: on teeth or I talked about the narwhal horn um.

874
00:53:19,000 --> 00:53:23,040
Speaker 1: But here's a quick rundown. So it's actually an oversized

875
00:53:23,160 --> 00:53:28,760
Speaker 1: canine tooth um and it's uh, typically the upper left canine,

876
00:53:28,800 --> 00:53:31,759
Speaker 1: so it's asymmetrical, uh. And it's very rare that an

877
00:53:31,880 --> 00:53:35,480
Speaker 1: oral actually has two symmetrical tusks um. And it's a

878
00:53:35,520 --> 00:53:37,960
Speaker 1: bit of a mystery as to why they have it. Um.

879
00:53:38,120 --> 00:53:40,560
Speaker 1: One theory is that that is that it's a mating display,

880
00:53:40,600 --> 00:53:44,200
Speaker 1: because it's typically males that have it, Although of females

881
00:53:44,360 --> 00:53:47,480
Speaker 1: can have it. But the more interesting theory is that

882
00:53:47,680 --> 00:53:51,040
Speaker 1: it's actually a sensory organ because it has millions of

883
00:53:51,120 --> 00:53:54,680
Speaker 1: nerve endings and is actually composed of what's closer to

884
00:53:54,800 --> 00:53:58,680
Speaker 1: the sensitive parts of the tooth than the outer enamel UM.

885
00:53:59,040 --> 00:54:01,520
Speaker 1: And they have all the little holes and channels that

886
00:54:01,600 --> 00:54:04,920
Speaker 1: allow the water to flow in and hit the nerves.

887
00:54:05,520 --> 00:54:07,720
Speaker 1: Uh So, the theory is that they could be collecting

888
00:54:07,760 --> 00:54:12,120
Speaker 1: information about the water um and also that males who

889
00:54:12,239 --> 00:54:15,520
Speaker 1: rub their tusks together aren't fighting or doing some kind

890
00:54:15,520 --> 00:54:20,160
Speaker 1: of sexual competition, but they're like communicating about like the

891
00:54:20,360 --> 00:54:23,359
Speaker 1: quality of the water, like sharing information by like sort

892
00:54:23,400 --> 00:54:25,600
Speaker 1: of like rubbing I guess the water that was trapped

893
00:54:25,600 --> 00:54:27,799
Speaker 1: in their tusks into the other tusks and showing them

894
00:54:27,840 --> 00:54:32,040
Speaker 1: where they've been. So awesome, that's so great. The the

895
00:54:32,160 --> 00:54:35,879
Speaker 1: idea of different sensory apparatus trips me out so hard.

896
00:54:36,480 --> 00:54:41,200
Speaker 1: We did a science the show show about like having

897
00:54:41,320 --> 00:54:46,160
Speaker 1: different senses and um there there's always forget the name

898
00:54:46,160 --> 00:54:48,160
Speaker 1: of this researcher, but I love him, and my co host,

899
00:54:48,239 --> 00:54:51,120
Speaker 1: who's our science producer, loves this guy's research. But he's

900
00:54:51,120 --> 00:54:54,880
Speaker 1: the guy who's like built the vest with vibrating motors

901
00:54:54,920 --> 00:54:56,800
Speaker 1: on it that can like read the stock market and

902
00:54:57,239 --> 00:55:01,040
Speaker 1: give you extra senses. And the here of what kinds

903
00:55:01,120 --> 00:55:05,680
Speaker 1: of senses are out there that we don't have is

904
00:55:05,840 --> 00:55:09,239
Speaker 1: so and that your sense is just a giant ass

905
00:55:09,360 --> 00:55:13,520
Speaker 1: tooth that's all the sensitive cold like the part of

906
00:55:13,600 --> 00:55:16,040
Speaker 1: your teeth that you hate. What do you eat cold

907
00:55:16,080 --> 00:55:18,960
Speaker 1: ice cream? And you're screaming like, let's just put that

908
00:55:19,080 --> 00:55:21,680
Speaker 1: sounds like my hell yeah, it seems like there's got

909
00:55:21,760 --> 00:55:23,640
Speaker 1: to be a good reason or like that the brain

910
00:55:23,719 --> 00:55:26,240
Speaker 1: can interpret it not as pain, but as like another

911
00:55:26,560 --> 00:55:29,800
Speaker 1: sense um. One of the reasons it may be important

912
00:55:29,840 --> 00:55:33,040
Speaker 1: for them to have that sensory tooth is that if

913
00:55:33,120 --> 00:55:38,560
Speaker 1: they can detect salinity, like where there's high salt concentrations,

914
00:55:38,600 --> 00:55:41,480
Speaker 1: it can indicate that ice is forming and getting trapped

915
00:55:41,760 --> 00:55:44,600
Speaker 1: within the ice is a real danger for narwhals because

916
00:55:45,480 --> 00:55:48,040
Speaker 1: because they they're they're mammals, they have to breathe air.

917
00:55:48,160 --> 00:55:51,920
Speaker 1: They have to surface to breathe, so if they are

918
00:55:52,080 --> 00:55:55,719
Speaker 1: trapped under the ice, they will die. Um. You know,

919
00:55:55,840 --> 00:55:57,680
Speaker 1: the science is far from settled, but I think that

920
00:55:57,800 --> 00:56:00,200
Speaker 1: makes it more intriguing. Like I'm really interested to see

921
00:56:01,000 --> 00:56:04,120
Speaker 1: as research on this develops. And see, like what the heck,

922
00:56:04,160 --> 00:56:07,239
Speaker 1: because like, why would they have like supersensitive teeth that

923
00:56:07,360 --> 00:56:13,080
Speaker 1: don't actually do anything so massive. It's like having the

924
00:56:13,200 --> 00:56:18,320
Speaker 1: most sense. It's like having a comically big penis that

925
00:56:18,400 --> 00:56:22,080
Speaker 1: you're just carrying around, waving around, waving around detected, like

926
00:56:22,200 --> 00:56:24,640
Speaker 1: dipping it into water and the like this water is

927
00:56:24,760 --> 00:56:28,759
Speaker 1: just right, this is too salty. So now I want

928
00:56:28,760 --> 00:56:33,120
Speaker 1: to talk about the legendary griffins who could carry away

929
00:56:33,200 --> 00:56:36,080
Speaker 1: cows and humans alike. Uh, most people know what a

930
00:56:36,120 --> 00:56:38,560
Speaker 1: griffin looks like. But it's got the head, wings and

931
00:56:38,719 --> 00:56:41,400
Speaker 1: front claws of an eagle and the hind legs and

932
00:56:41,480 --> 00:56:44,880
Speaker 1: tail of a lion. Um. And in the thirt hundreds

933
00:56:45,000 --> 00:56:49,320
Speaker 1: they found evidence of griffins giant talents and giant eggs.

934
00:56:50,160 --> 00:56:53,720
Speaker 1: So these claws were thought to be only obtainable by priests,

935
00:56:53,760 --> 00:56:57,840
Speaker 1: and so they're actually kept in church treasuries. Um and

936
00:56:58,760 --> 00:57:02,400
Speaker 1: uh so, and they really do look like giant claws.

937
00:57:02,560 --> 00:57:06,239
Speaker 1: Let me show you a picture of this thing. Um,

938
00:57:08,440 --> 00:57:11,160
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, what the fund is? That? Is that a

939
00:57:11,760 --> 00:57:16,680
Speaker 1: mammoth tusk? No? I mean that definitely looks like it.

940
00:57:16,840 --> 00:57:24,040
Speaker 1: But uh so, uh the typical uh, the typical griffin

941
00:57:24,200 --> 00:57:31,760
Speaker 1: claw was actually an ibex horn. So, uh, the Ibex

942
00:57:31,880 --> 00:57:35,360
Speaker 1: is a species of goat that lives in the European Alps.

943
00:57:35,920 --> 00:57:39,680
Speaker 1: The males have huge horns that are used in sexual contests.

944
00:57:40,200 --> 00:57:42,640
Speaker 1: So these horns can grow up to five feet in

945
00:57:42,760 --> 00:57:47,800
Speaker 1: length and grow constantly. Uh. So horns are really interesting

946
00:57:47,840 --> 00:57:51,120
Speaker 1: because they're actually live extensions of the skull. They have

947
00:57:51,280 --> 00:57:54,920
Speaker 1: a bone core that's alive and then a keratin exterior,

948
00:57:55,640 --> 00:57:58,640
Speaker 1: and they're actually, I think kind of an interesting thing

949
00:57:58,760 --> 00:58:02,720
Speaker 1: is they're different from antler's. Antlers are actually dead bone

950
00:58:02,840 --> 00:58:07,160
Speaker 1: material covered in like live skin often um, whereas horns

951
00:58:07,240 --> 00:58:12,440
Speaker 1: are live bone covered in keratin um. And then the

952
00:58:12,800 --> 00:58:15,760
Speaker 1: eggs of a griffin were probably ostrich eggs, which are

953
00:58:15,960 --> 00:58:19,400
Speaker 1: the largest eggs uh in the world currently, well not

954
00:58:19,840 --> 00:58:23,120
Speaker 1: not the largest eggs. I think the largest actual egg

955
00:58:23,400 --> 00:58:26,560
Speaker 1: is the whale shark egg sack, but they're the largest

956
00:58:26,720 --> 00:58:30,000
Speaker 1: bird eggs. Why wouldn't you know that that was an

957
00:58:30,080 --> 00:58:33,160
Speaker 1: ibex horn, like if you were living in the Alps.

958
00:58:34,000 --> 00:58:36,240
Speaker 1: Well maybe they weren't living in the Alps. They just

959
00:58:36,360 --> 00:58:38,360
Speaker 1: like showed up and everyone was like, don't tell that

960
00:58:38,480 --> 00:58:41,800
Speaker 1: fucking English guy about our ibex. Like you see an

961
00:58:41,840 --> 00:58:44,720
Speaker 1: ibex just prancing around. A lot of them probably didn't

962
00:58:44,760 --> 00:58:46,880
Speaker 1: see the ibex or if they. I mean, it's also

963
00:58:46,960 --> 00:58:50,040
Speaker 1: I think just the it's like, why would you confuse

964
00:58:50,080 --> 00:58:53,320
Speaker 1: a snake for a basilisk? You want? It's like when

965
00:58:53,360 --> 00:58:57,080
Speaker 1: there are mysterious things like cows disappearing or people disappearing,

966
00:58:57,240 --> 00:59:01,120
Speaker 1: having that monster that can be eat it, or this

967
00:59:01,440 --> 00:59:04,040
Speaker 1: this actual thing and a reason for like the bad

968
00:59:04,880 --> 00:59:07,680
Speaker 1: random crap that just happens. I think it's so compelling

969
00:59:08,120 --> 00:59:11,600
Speaker 1: that yeah, you know, like it's like the Fiji mermaid,

970
00:59:11,720 --> 00:59:13,520
Speaker 1: Like yeah, we know, it's like a it's like a

971
00:59:13,640 --> 00:59:17,000
Speaker 1: monkey skeleton sowned to a fish. But like just you

972
00:59:17,120 --> 00:59:19,720
Speaker 1: want there to be weird mermaids and you want to

973
00:59:19,800 --> 00:59:22,440
Speaker 1: be the one who knows about So I would be

974
00:59:22,520 --> 00:59:25,440
Speaker 1: remiss if I didn't mention that my alma mater, Sarah

975
00:59:25,520 --> 00:59:29,200
Speaker 1: Lawrence College, we were the Griffins. That was our our

976
00:59:29,280 --> 00:59:31,360
Speaker 1: mascot because we didn't really play sports, because you know,

977
00:59:31,440 --> 00:59:33,640
Speaker 1: we're a bunch of like theater and art kids. But

978
00:59:33,760 --> 00:59:35,600
Speaker 1: it's the same thing. We're like, well we know a

979
00:59:35,680 --> 00:59:40,600
Speaker 1: thing you don't. We're smarter than yeah, Like we're actually

980
00:59:40,680 --> 00:59:45,400
Speaker 1: a magical beach you can carry away cows. But only

981
00:59:45,480 --> 00:59:50,400
Speaker 1: priests can find our cows. Um. So, Now finally I

982
00:59:50,480 --> 00:59:53,440
Speaker 1: want to talk about one of my favorite mythical creatures,

983
00:59:53,560 --> 00:59:59,240
Speaker 1: which is the jackalope. Uh So it's really it's been

984
00:59:59,280 --> 01:00:03,040
Speaker 1: popular I is by North American folklore. Um. And it's

985
01:00:03,040 --> 01:00:06,760
Speaker 1: a jack rabbit with uh so called antelope horns. But

986
01:00:07,080 --> 01:00:11,680
Speaker 1: these horns that you see aren't actually from antelopes. Um.

987
01:00:11,840 --> 01:00:15,760
Speaker 1: I think the closest thing would be the North American

988
01:00:15,840 --> 01:00:18,640
Speaker 1: prong horns, also called the prairie antelope, because they have

989
01:00:18,720 --> 01:00:22,120
Speaker 1: those kind of like um pointy deer like horns. A

990
01:00:22,200 --> 01:00:26,560
Speaker 1: little bit, but most of the taxidermis of these jackalopes

991
01:00:26,680 --> 01:00:28,680
Speaker 1: that you have in your head, they actually just use

992
01:00:28,840 --> 01:00:33,880
Speaker 1: deer antlers. So uh, the horned hair actually didn't originate

993
01:00:33,960 --> 01:00:38,480
Speaker 1: in North America. So thirteenth century Middle Eastern art depicts

994
01:00:38,560 --> 01:00:42,680
Speaker 1: rabbits with a single horn. Uh. Seventeenth century natural history

995
01:00:42,760 --> 01:00:47,960
Speaker 1: texts depict horn hairs throughout Europe and in Central America.

996
01:00:48,240 --> 01:00:53,920
Speaker 1: Mythology has described horned rabbits for for many many ages.

997
01:00:54,640 --> 01:00:59,360
Speaker 1: In North America, it was popularized by taxidermist Douglas Herrick

998
01:01:00,120 --> 01:01:04,520
Speaker 1: in two who just like got a dead rabbit had

999
01:01:04,640 --> 01:01:07,680
Speaker 1: some deer antlers and put it put them together. What

1000
01:01:07,760 --> 01:01:10,120
Speaker 1: do you got? You got a jack jackalope on and

1001
01:01:10,440 --> 01:01:13,320
Speaker 1: he coined the term jack lope and um. People were

1002
01:01:13,360 --> 01:01:16,200
Speaker 1: really taken with it. They loved just this kind of

1003
01:01:16,240 --> 01:01:22,400
Speaker 1: American mythos um. But the origin of the jackalope throughout

1004
01:01:22,520 --> 01:01:26,120
Speaker 1: history may have actually come from real sightings of rabbits

1005
01:01:26,200 --> 01:01:31,920
Speaker 1: with horns um. So, the chope papaloma virus uh is

1006
01:01:32,000 --> 01:01:35,200
Speaker 1: a real virus that infects rabbits that can cause horny

1007
01:01:35,320 --> 01:01:38,760
Speaker 1: protrusions to form on these poor little bunnies. So let

1008
01:01:38,800 --> 01:01:41,560
Speaker 1: me show you a picture of a really severe case.

1009
01:01:42,240 --> 01:01:45,680
Speaker 1: Oh fuck, that looks like a zeno bite. Yeah. Yeah,

1010
01:01:45,840 --> 01:01:53,439
Speaker 1: So it is these growths called keratinis Carcinoma's basically there

1011
01:01:54,080 --> 01:01:56,360
Speaker 1: growths made out of carraton, which is the stuff found

1012
01:01:56,400 --> 01:02:01,080
Speaker 1: in fingernails and coating the outside of horns. Um. Unfortunately

1013
01:02:01,280 --> 01:02:04,000
Speaker 1: for the bunnies, uh, these are real bad news. They

1014
01:02:04,080 --> 01:02:06,960
Speaker 1: can um a test to size, or they can interfere

1015
01:02:07,080 --> 01:02:12,800
Speaker 1: with feeding and functioning. Um. Yeah yeah uh. And it's

1016
01:02:12,840 --> 01:02:17,600
Speaker 1: actually uh, it's actually similar to the human version of

1017
01:02:17,640 --> 01:02:23,760
Speaker 1: the virus. No, it's a pepaloma virus, which is a

1018
01:02:23,880 --> 01:02:27,880
Speaker 1: family of viruses that also can infect humans. So that

1019
01:02:28,040 --> 01:02:33,600
Speaker 1: includes HPV or that's human pepalouma viruses basically, and so

1020
01:02:33,760 --> 01:02:35,720
Speaker 1: you may think of HPV as being the thing that

1021
01:02:35,880 --> 01:02:40,040
Speaker 1: causes um cervical cancer, but it causes that. It's a

1022
01:02:40,080 --> 01:02:43,800
Speaker 1: whole family of viruses. So it's responsible for warts um

1023
01:02:44,120 --> 01:02:47,000
Speaker 1: all over your body can be like uh, you know,

1024
01:02:47,480 --> 01:02:50,120
Speaker 1: uh it can also as I mentioned, it can cause

1025
01:02:50,240 --> 01:02:55,160
Speaker 1: some cancers um and so uh, that's it's a similar

1026
01:02:55,240 --> 01:02:59,720
Speaker 1: virus that infects uh, these wild rabbits. You can't get

1027
01:02:59,840 --> 01:03:03,120
Speaker 1: it from a rabbit, but it is really interesting and

1028
01:03:03,680 --> 01:03:07,680
Speaker 1: the show Papaluma virus was discovered in Midwest cotton tail

1029
01:03:07,800 --> 01:03:11,800
Speaker 1: rabbits in the US UM, but it can affect many species,

1030
01:03:11,840 --> 01:03:15,080
Speaker 1: so jack rabbits and European rabbits. So I don't see

1031
01:03:15,200 --> 01:03:18,440
Speaker 1: why not like this. You know, it's a virus. It's

1032
01:03:18,440 --> 01:03:21,080
Speaker 1: probably been around for a really long time. And so

1033
01:03:21,280 --> 01:03:24,880
Speaker 1: those sightings of horn rabbits could have been real rabbits

1034
01:03:25,000 --> 01:03:28,600
Speaker 1: that had uh these uh, these growths on their heads

1035
01:03:28,680 --> 01:03:31,720
Speaker 1: that really do look like horns, and in fact, compositionally

1036
01:03:31,800 --> 01:03:34,200
Speaker 1: they're very similar to a lot of horns, and that

1037
01:03:34,320 --> 01:03:37,600
Speaker 1: they are made out of an outer layer of keratin.

1038
01:03:38,040 --> 01:03:43,280
Speaker 1: What a strange virus. I wonder what viruses evolved like

1039
01:03:43,440 --> 01:03:47,320
Speaker 1: anything else, Like why is this the evolutionary path? Does

1040
01:03:47,440 --> 01:03:50,960
Speaker 1: the does the horn help it spread like a fungus?

1041
01:03:51,040 --> 01:03:54,600
Speaker 1: I don't think so. I don't think that. Yeah, I

1042
01:03:54,680 --> 01:03:58,360
Speaker 1: think it's that it is UM. It's a you know,

1043
01:03:58,480 --> 01:04:02,160
Speaker 1: the viruses. Whole thing is replication. Uh. And then if

1044
01:04:02,200 --> 01:04:06,800
Speaker 1: it is causing these like UM like with cancer and stuff,

1045
01:04:06,840 --> 01:04:11,040
Speaker 1: it Uh, A virus can cause a cancer by uh,

1046
01:04:11,960 --> 01:04:17,000
Speaker 1: you know, inducing these genetic abnormalities that cause these replication errors.

1047
01:04:17,160 --> 01:04:22,640
Speaker 1: And UM cells normally have something where it's a it's

1048
01:04:22,720 --> 01:04:25,200
Speaker 1: a it's sort of a suicide function, so the cell

1049
01:04:25,320 --> 01:04:27,920
Speaker 1: will die, which is good for your body because you

1050
01:04:27,960 --> 01:04:30,520
Speaker 1: don't want to sell that has uncontrolled growth and doesn't

1051
01:04:30,600 --> 01:04:34,160
Speaker 1: die UM. So with a with a cancerous growth UM

1052
01:04:34,360 --> 01:04:37,720
Speaker 1: that sort of like it's called apoptosis, it doesn't go

1053
01:04:37,920 --> 01:04:42,320
Speaker 1: through that. So you get these uncontrolled growths UM, which

1054
01:04:42,400 --> 01:04:45,440
Speaker 1: is not necessarily like a quote unquote goal of the virus.

1055
01:04:45,520 --> 01:04:49,840
Speaker 1: It's just it's fussing with your with your DNA, and

1056
01:04:49,960 --> 01:04:53,760
Speaker 1: it's UM causing these these abnormalities. It can even like

1057
01:04:54,240 --> 01:04:58,200
Speaker 1: cause your body to send out growth hormone transmitter signals

1058
01:04:58,280 --> 01:05:01,760
Speaker 1: that is telling your body to give resources to this

1059
01:05:02,080 --> 01:05:05,880
Speaker 1: this growth, like grow blood vessels towards a tumor um.

1060
01:05:06,080 --> 01:05:10,840
Speaker 1: So purely random, it's doing its own ship because not

1061
01:05:10,920 --> 01:05:14,560
Speaker 1: all because not all cancers are even caused by a virus,

1062
01:05:14,680 --> 01:05:17,320
Speaker 1: So the virus is just one potential cause of a cancer.

1063
01:05:17,440 --> 01:05:19,960
Speaker 1: The cancer and the growth is just your own cells

1064
01:05:20,640 --> 01:05:25,040
Speaker 1: going wacky. Um. So it's uh, yeah, it's a it's

1065
01:05:25,080 --> 01:05:27,520
Speaker 1: a freaky thing. And if you look at these pictures

1066
01:05:27,560 --> 01:05:29,720
Speaker 1: of these poor bunnies, you can see some pictures like

1067
01:05:29,840 --> 01:05:32,320
Speaker 1: they just look like a couple of horns on the

1068
01:05:32,400 --> 01:05:35,480
Speaker 1: rabbit's head. I've actually seen one in real life. Yeah,

1069
01:05:35,680 --> 01:05:37,640
Speaker 1: it's it was, you know, It's kind of one of

1070
01:05:37,680 --> 01:05:40,800
Speaker 1: those things where you it was all surreal because you

1071
01:05:40,880 --> 01:05:42,640
Speaker 1: see this rabbit with a big horn on its head

1072
01:05:42,680 --> 01:05:45,200
Speaker 1: and you're like, ohh where were you? Just like it

1073
01:05:45,320 --> 01:05:49,440
Speaker 1: was in San Diego. It's just happened around. Yeah, it

1074
01:05:49,600 --> 01:05:55,600
Speaker 1: was crazy. You immediate response wasn't to like kill it, no, no,

1075
01:05:55,760 --> 01:05:58,960
Speaker 1: because I knew what it was, um, but it was

1076
01:05:59,120 --> 01:06:01,400
Speaker 1: it's I did feel bad for it. I guess I'm

1077
01:06:01,480 --> 01:06:05,240
Speaker 1: one of the villagers with the torch and the with

1078
01:06:05,360 --> 01:06:10,240
Speaker 1: the race and a suit covered in mirrors leather. I'm

1079
01:06:10,280 --> 01:06:13,880
Speaker 1: here for the party excellent. Yeah, yeah, No, I feel

1080
01:06:13,960 --> 01:06:17,200
Speaker 1: like if i'm I'm too soft and too much for softy.

1081
01:06:17,280 --> 01:06:20,040
Speaker 1: I see a weird animal and I'm like, oh, I

1082
01:06:20,120 --> 01:06:22,439
Speaker 1: want to be friends with you. It's like eating my hand.

1083
01:06:22,520 --> 01:06:25,680
Speaker 1: I'm like, I'll get a little hand kissies. That's why

1084
01:06:25,760 --> 01:06:28,360
Speaker 1: you have friends. And I'm a missing thro I see

1085
01:06:28,440 --> 01:06:30,280
Speaker 1: something weird and like, no, I'm not going to deal

1086
01:06:30,320 --> 01:06:32,760
Speaker 1: with it. I'd rather be alone. That's why I get

1087
01:06:32,840 --> 01:06:35,480
Speaker 1: peeted on by a lot of weird animals or insects

1088
01:06:35,560 --> 01:06:37,200
Speaker 1: that I pick up and then they just like pee

1089
01:06:37,280 --> 01:06:39,439
Speaker 1: goo on me. I'm like, cool, that is your claim

1090
01:06:39,520 --> 01:06:42,920
Speaker 1: to fame, Katie Golden. Been peered on by a lot

1091
01:06:43,000 --> 01:06:45,600
Speaker 1: of weird things. Yeah, And like I I there's this

1092
01:06:45,720 --> 01:06:48,280
Speaker 1: big ball of bees that I found on the street

1093
01:06:48,280 --> 01:06:49,840
Speaker 1: and I was just like sitting next to them, like

1094
01:06:49,960 --> 01:06:52,360
Speaker 1: being like, whoa, you're a big bald bees on the ground.

1095
01:06:52,960 --> 01:06:55,320
Speaker 1: Like they didn't sting me, and I knew they probably

1096
01:06:55,360 --> 01:06:57,600
Speaker 1: wouldn't because like when they're when they're in that state,

1097
01:06:57,640 --> 01:07:00,400
Speaker 1: they aren't aggressive. What are they doing? They're looking for

1098
01:07:00,520 --> 01:07:03,000
Speaker 1: a new hive, but since that's not their hive. They're

1099
01:07:03,000 --> 01:07:06,680
Speaker 1: pretty docile, they're not territorial, so but it was still

1100
01:07:06,680 --> 01:07:08,800
Speaker 1: fine because there's still like bees kind of buzzing around

1101
01:07:08,920 --> 01:07:11,240
Speaker 1: and like investigating you, and you're like, this could go

1102
01:07:11,560 --> 01:07:15,880
Speaker 1: very wrong. I wouldn't recommend it, but you know it was.

1103
01:07:16,040 --> 01:07:19,400
Speaker 1: It was so cool. That's very brave of you. We

1104
01:07:19,440 --> 01:07:21,600
Speaker 1: should all take a page out of your book, but

1105
01:07:21,680 --> 01:07:26,360
Speaker 1: only one. Well, don't screw around with bees, especially because

1106
01:07:26,600 --> 01:07:29,520
Speaker 1: some people are allergic and can be really bad. I

1107
01:07:29,600 --> 01:07:32,080
Speaker 1: don't think I'm allergic, but yeah, you don't want to.

1108
01:07:32,320 --> 01:07:34,720
Speaker 1: You don't want to risk it. And don't screw around

1109
01:07:34,760 --> 01:07:37,160
Speaker 1: with rabbits with weird growths on your head their head,

1110
01:07:37,200 --> 01:07:41,440
Speaker 1: because you know they could be a deadly jackal. Probably

1111
01:07:41,720 --> 01:07:44,600
Speaker 1: you never want the idea of desecrating a corpse like

1112
01:07:44,720 --> 01:07:48,320
Speaker 1: that is terrifying to you mean, like a jack Oh,

1113
01:07:48,520 --> 01:07:50,960
Speaker 1: you mean like the taxidermy that someone is like, this

1114
01:07:51,040 --> 01:07:54,360
Speaker 1: will be fun. Let's so one part of this animal

1115
01:07:54,520 --> 01:07:57,760
Speaker 1: onto another part of that animal. There's a taxidermist and

1116
01:07:57,800 --> 01:08:00,440
Speaker 1: I can't remember the artist's name, but they's so a

1117
01:08:00,600 --> 01:08:04,920
Speaker 1: bunch of animals together and they were actually really talented taxidermist.

1118
01:08:05,080 --> 01:08:08,360
Speaker 1: But it was extremely disturbing because some of the animals,

1119
01:08:08,400 --> 01:08:10,960
Speaker 1: I think we're like threatened or endangered, and it was

1120
01:08:11,080 --> 01:08:14,880
Speaker 1: just like really like they claimed that they hadn't been hunted,

1121
01:08:14,960 --> 01:08:17,640
Speaker 1: but it was still there's something off about it. And

1122
01:08:17,720 --> 01:08:20,760
Speaker 1: I enjoy a good a good natural history taxidermy. I'm

1123
01:08:20,800 --> 01:08:25,560
Speaker 1: not put off by taxidermy for educational purposes, but like

1124
01:08:25,680 --> 01:08:28,679
Speaker 1: the novel Team Mice Taxidermy where they're like in scene

1125
01:08:29,160 --> 01:08:33,720
Speaker 1: that that kind of I've never gotten gotten that. I

1126
01:08:33,800 --> 01:08:37,519
Speaker 1: am okay, So I am recently single. I need to

1127
01:08:37,560 --> 01:08:41,680
Speaker 1: announce that to the looking for tax looking for taxidermists

1128
01:08:42,120 --> 01:08:46,000
Speaker 1: like you, when you're exploring the dating world, there's like

1129
01:08:46,439 --> 01:08:48,760
Speaker 1: a subset. I'm sure there are men like this too,

1130
01:08:48,880 --> 01:08:52,680
Speaker 1: but like women which I'm singularly interested in or like

1131
01:08:53,000 --> 01:08:56,320
Speaker 1: into dark things and taxidermy and like dark shit is

1132
01:08:56,600 --> 01:08:58,840
Speaker 1: fine if that's your thing, but like once it's like

1133
01:08:58,960 --> 01:09:01,760
Speaker 1: dark shit. And also so I like taxidermy, like what

1134
01:09:01,920 --> 01:09:04,800
Speaker 1: you like, that's cool, but I am so put off

1135
01:09:04,840 --> 01:09:06,960
Speaker 1: by that. I talked to a woman who I was

1136
01:09:07,240 --> 01:09:09,719
Speaker 1: um when I moved to l A. I was looking

1137
01:09:09,760 --> 01:09:13,679
Speaker 1: for roommates and she is a taxidermist. And I hung

1138
01:09:13,720 --> 01:09:16,800
Speaker 1: out around taxidermy a lot because it was you know,

1139
01:09:17,080 --> 01:09:19,559
Speaker 1: went to the Natural History Museum a lot. I watched

1140
01:09:20,120 --> 01:09:24,679
Speaker 1: um taxidermists professionally like stuffing birds, and it's like there's

1141
01:09:24,720 --> 01:09:28,680
Speaker 1: something sort of there's something a little unnerving about it.

1142
01:09:28,760 --> 01:09:31,080
Speaker 1: But it's also like when you're doing it with respect

1143
01:09:31,160 --> 01:09:34,720
Speaker 1: and doing it to preserve specimens, there's something kind of

1144
01:09:34,800 --> 01:09:37,360
Speaker 1: like almost you know, it's like how doctors have to

1145
01:09:37,960 --> 01:09:40,920
Speaker 1: like dissect cadavers. It's there's something a little bit more

1146
01:09:40,960 --> 01:09:43,320
Speaker 1: a bit about it, but it's for a greater purpose.

1147
01:09:43,880 --> 01:09:45,240
Speaker 1: But then I was talking to her and she was

1148
01:09:45,320 --> 01:09:47,720
Speaker 1: like talking about how she was like collecting road kill

1149
01:09:47,840 --> 01:09:50,840
Speaker 1: and like when her dogs die, she's gonna like taxidermy

1150
01:09:50,880 --> 01:09:54,040
Speaker 1: their ears and keep them. Like, well, it was certainly

1151
01:09:54,160 --> 01:09:57,240
Speaker 1: nice talking to you. I'm sure she's a really nice

1152
01:09:57,320 --> 01:09:59,400
Speaker 1: person that I was just like, and I was thinking

1153
01:09:59,479 --> 01:10:04,040
Speaker 1: the smell for malde hyde is probably just everyone in

1154
01:10:04,120 --> 01:10:10,040
Speaker 1: that situation. But speaking of crazy frightening taxidermy, um, there's

1155
01:10:10,120 --> 01:10:16,200
Speaker 1: this artist Katie Clark who no, no, put that away.

1156
01:10:16,720 --> 01:10:20,360
Speaker 1: It's what she likes to do. It's not a real human,

1157
01:10:20,479 --> 01:10:24,280
Speaker 1: but she she does taxidermy where it's an animal like

1158
01:10:24,400 --> 01:10:27,200
Speaker 1: an antelope with a human face on it and the

1159
01:10:27,320 --> 01:10:30,160
Speaker 1: human face looks a little bit like it's real, but

1160
01:10:30,280 --> 01:10:33,040
Speaker 1: it's not for anybody who likes anime. I'm getting a

1161
01:10:33,120 --> 01:10:36,920
Speaker 1: real strong, full metal vibe from that ship. Oh fuck,

1162
01:10:37,600 --> 01:10:44,400
Speaker 1: it's a it's quite upsetting. How are you just looking

1163
01:10:44,479 --> 01:10:47,360
Speaker 1: at this? Oh just at a at a human face

1164
01:10:47,840 --> 01:10:51,200
Speaker 1: plaster to a dead antelope. I don't know. I mean,

1165
01:10:51,680 --> 01:10:54,760
Speaker 1: it is, it's weird. It's it's kind of it's a

1166
01:10:54,840 --> 01:10:58,479
Speaker 1: little bit fascinating, but it's also just like that's a

1167
01:10:58,520 --> 01:11:02,400
Speaker 1: bridge too far for even me. Is the You're staring

1168
01:11:02,439 --> 01:11:06,519
Speaker 1: at it so calmly? Well, you know, what have you

1169
01:11:06,720 --> 01:11:12,280
Speaker 1: seen that? This isn't well? I mean, I don't know

1170
01:11:12,360 --> 01:11:14,920
Speaker 1: if I should get into it. I've held a brain before,

1171
01:11:16,120 --> 01:11:22,360
Speaker 1: uh like human an a monkey brain. I mean, you know,

1172
01:11:22,720 --> 01:11:27,120
Speaker 1: held a dead dead sea angler with a the male

1173
01:11:27,200 --> 01:11:30,880
Speaker 1: attached to it. That was pretty cool. That's cool, But like,

1174
01:11:31,640 --> 01:11:34,400
Speaker 1: why are you not disturbed by this? I mean, I am,

1175
01:11:34,479 --> 01:11:37,639
Speaker 1: I'm just like you know, it's all on the here's

1176
01:11:37,640 --> 01:11:39,400
Speaker 1: the key. You bottle up all your emotions and you

1177
01:11:39,479 --> 01:11:41,560
Speaker 1: never express them, and then that's that's how you go

1178
01:11:41,680 --> 01:11:52,840
Speaker 1: through your life. My recommendation, Um, well, it's been great.

1179
01:11:52,880 --> 01:11:54,519
Speaker 1: Havn't you on the show will end on the note

1180
01:11:54,600 --> 01:11:58,519
Speaker 1: of human faces attached to antelope. Um, so you've got

1181
01:11:58,560 --> 01:12:02,000
Speaker 1: anything to plow? Yeah, yeah, I do have stuff to plug.

1182
01:12:02,160 --> 01:12:05,360
Speaker 1: So Science the show, which is a live show, but

1183
01:12:05,400 --> 01:12:08,479
Speaker 1: it's called Science exclamation point. The show is a live

1184
01:12:08,640 --> 01:12:11,560
Speaker 1: monthly show we do right here in Los Angeles. L

1185
01:12:11,640 --> 01:12:13,800
Speaker 1: A has some of the best comedy in the world,

1186
01:12:14,479 --> 01:12:16,640
Speaker 1: but it also, weirdly enough, has some of the best

1187
01:12:16,680 --> 01:12:19,519
Speaker 1: science in the world. We have JPL cal Tech. Uh,

1188
01:12:20,160 --> 01:12:23,760
Speaker 1: we have all the u S schools. There's so much

1189
01:12:23,800 --> 01:12:26,800
Speaker 1: amazing science that happens here. And we found that a

1190
01:12:26,880 --> 01:12:30,559
Speaker 1: lot of people don't know that science it's a thing

1191
01:12:30,720 --> 01:12:33,760
Speaker 1: that happens right around the corner from you. Scientists are

1192
01:12:33,880 --> 01:12:37,360
Speaker 1: real people just like you, and that they are also

1193
01:12:37,479 --> 01:12:41,000
Speaker 1: down to party and like jokes and can be weird

1194
01:12:41,120 --> 01:12:43,560
Speaker 1: and nerdy and awkward and super fun to talk to.

1195
01:12:44,280 --> 01:12:48,280
Speaker 1: So our goal has always been to humanized scientists, um

1196
01:12:48,960 --> 01:12:50,600
Speaker 1: and the science they do. So we run it like

1197
01:12:50,640 --> 01:12:53,439
Speaker 1: a night of stand up. We have an amazing local

1198
01:12:53,640 --> 01:12:56,679
Speaker 1: l A stand up perform Every month, we do sort

1199
01:12:56,720 --> 01:12:59,920
Speaker 1: of an impromptu science experiment among myself and the other

1200
01:13:00,040 --> 01:13:04,160
Speaker 1: to host Russell Cohen Hoffing, who's a working research psychologist

1201
01:13:04,240 --> 01:13:07,280
Speaker 1: in Dylan far who's an amazing, hilarious stand up. And

1202
01:13:07,400 --> 01:13:11,600
Speaker 1: then we end the night with uh, an amazing presentation

1203
01:13:11,680 --> 01:13:13,880
Speaker 1: from a scientist. We we say it's like a Ted

1204
01:13:13,960 --> 01:13:17,000
Speaker 1: talk for people who don't know much about science presentations,

1205
01:13:17,000 --> 01:13:18,880
Speaker 1: but it's a lot more fun and a lot less

1206
01:13:18,920 --> 01:13:21,120
Speaker 1: like looking down its nose at you than a Ted talk.

1207
01:13:21,680 --> 01:13:23,000
Speaker 1: And then we have a Q and I so you

1208
01:13:23,000 --> 01:13:26,120
Speaker 1: can get all your burning questions answered. So find us

1209
01:13:27,000 --> 01:13:30,520
Speaker 1: wherever you find people on social We're on Twitter, Facebook,

1210
01:13:30,640 --> 01:13:33,840
Speaker 1: and Instagram. We will one day have a podcast coming out.

1211
01:13:33,960 --> 01:13:35,479
Speaker 1: We're just trying to figure out how to make that

1212
01:13:35,600 --> 01:13:38,920
Speaker 1: not just three dudes talking about science, because no one

1213
01:13:39,000 --> 01:13:42,519
Speaker 1: needs that in their life. And then, Um, I used

1214
01:13:42,560 --> 01:13:45,680
Speaker 1: to do a podcast called at Least There's this show

1215
01:13:45,720 --> 01:13:47,599
Speaker 1: about some of the small good things in our world

1216
01:13:47,640 --> 01:13:51,080
Speaker 1: of garbage. Katie was on an episode a bird. It

1217
01:13:51,240 --> 01:13:53,320
Speaker 1: was really fun. Um some of your favorites from this

1218
01:13:53,439 --> 01:13:55,439
Speaker 1: network have all been on that episode. It's been on

1219
01:13:55,560 --> 01:13:58,040
Speaker 1: hiatus for about a year plus, but I'm gonna be

1220
01:13:58,120 --> 01:14:01,680
Speaker 1: bringing it back sporadically in the next few months, so

1221
01:14:01,800 --> 01:14:04,000
Speaker 1: a few more episodes will drop, so catch up with

1222
01:14:04,040 --> 01:14:06,679
Speaker 1: all of those. You can find that Facebook, Instagram, iTunes

1223
01:14:06,760 --> 01:14:10,400
Speaker 1: at at least pod and find me on Instagram at

1224
01:14:10,479 --> 01:14:13,280
Speaker 1: a period f period shiftman s h I f m

1225
01:14:13,320 --> 01:14:16,840
Speaker 1: an check me out. And as always, you can find

1226
01:14:17,000 --> 01:14:21,360
Speaker 1: us at on the internet at Creature Feature pod dot com,

1227
01:14:21,840 --> 01:14:25,599
Speaker 1: on Instagram at Creature Feature Pod, on Twitter at Creature

1228
01:14:25,680 --> 01:14:28,360
Speaker 1: Feet Pod f e T not f e e T

1229
01:14:28,520 --> 01:14:31,320
Speaker 1: you'll find something very different. H. You can find me

1230
01:14:31,439 --> 01:14:34,080
Speaker 1: at Katie Golden and of course, as always I am

1231
01:14:34,160 --> 01:14:36,639
Speaker 1: at pro bird writes and you should follow that because

1232
01:14:36,720 --> 01:14:39,080
Speaker 1: being a bird is pretty great, I gotta say. And

1233
01:14:39,240 --> 01:14:42,960
Speaker 1: we will be back next Wednesday with more Creature Feature

1234
01:14:43,760 --> 01:14:46,679
Speaker 1: and thanks to the Space Classics for their awesome song

1235
01:14:47,080 --> 01:14:47,800
Speaker 1: x Alumina