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Speaker 1: Mama, what does the chicken say? Draft draff? Really giraffe draw?

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Speaker 1: You're not gonna get it all right. Just make sure

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Speaker 1: you know the big stuff, like making sure your kids

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Speaker 1: are buckled correctly in the right seat for their agent's eyes.

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Speaker 1: Get it right visits n h S A dot gov

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Speaker 1: slash the Right Seat brought to you by the National

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Speaker 1: Highway Traffic Safety Administration in the AD Council. Hello, and

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Speaker 1: welcome to our show. I'm Zoe de Chanelle and I'm

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Speaker 1: so excited to be joined by my friends and cast

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Speaker 1: mates Hannah Simone and Lamar and Morris to recap our

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Speaker 1: hit television series, New Girl. Join us every Monday on

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Speaker 1: the Welcome to Our Show podcast, where we'll share behind

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Speaker 1: the scenes stories of your favorite New Girl episodes. Each week,

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Speaker 1: we answer all your burning questions like is there really

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Speaker 1: a bear in every episode of New Girl? Plus you'll

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Speaker 1: hear hilarious stories like this that was one of your

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Speaker 1: things from all fashional basketball players. Yeah seven Yeah. Listen

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Speaker 1: to the Welcome to Our Show podcast on the I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio app, Apple Podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts.

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Speaker 1: What Girls in the Forest, our imagination and our family

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Speaker 1: bonds The Forest is closer than you think. Find a

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Speaker 1: forest near you and discover the force dot Org brought

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Speaker 1: to you by the United States for Service and the

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Speaker 1: AD Council. What's Parley Voo? And my fran says, I'm

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Speaker 1: Robert Bastards while it's behind the Insurrections, It's both. It's

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Speaker 1: like it's like, it's like Bourbon, right, Bourbon is whiskey,

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Speaker 1: but but all whiskey is not Bourbon behind the Insurrections

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Speaker 1: is behind the Bastards, but all Behind the Bastards episodes

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Speaker 1: aren't Behind the Insurrections episodes. So I dig that. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean I think, I think that's actually that's a

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Speaker 1: great analogy and throwing this Scotch thing and then you're like, wait,

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Speaker 1: isn't No, I got it. I try to compare as

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Speaker 1: many things to Bourbon as I can speaking of Bourbon,

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Speaker 1: not speaking of Bourbon, speaking of artists. My guest today,

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Speaker 1: as with the previous what four episodes we've done on

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Speaker 1: this uh is Jason Petty a k A prop. What's

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Speaker 1: let the lick read Bourbon and night for Breakfast for dinner? Prop?

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Speaker 1: How do you feel about France? Uh? Wow, um, I

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Speaker 1: feel carbs. I just think carter and bread. They do

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Speaker 1: love that fresh food is delightful. Yes, I think. I

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Speaker 1: think Harlem Renaissance. That's pretty cool. You know. My patron

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Speaker 1: saint is is James Baldwin, so it's time out there. Yeah. Uh.

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Speaker 1: But besides that, I also think, Yah don't like Americans, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: which is hard to fault them for what I What

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Speaker 1: I don't like the French four is appropriating Belgian French

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Speaker 1: Fries or Belgian Fries and calling that they also they

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Speaker 1: have a habit of having superfluous letters and they have

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Speaker 1: too many way to like at least a third of

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Speaker 1: the letters in any French word are unnecessary. Yeah. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we're taking France to task today, but we're not talking

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Speaker 1: about how they use too many letters. That that'll be

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Speaker 1: a six part we do at some point. Today we

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Speaker 1: are talking without French fascism. Um, yeah, because the French

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Speaker 1: actually have a long history of fascism. Although there's a

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Speaker 1: weird number of French scholars who will argue that France

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Speaker 1: is uniquely immune to fascism, it's not. And today we're

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Speaker 1: talking about the day that fascists almost took over the

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Speaker 1: French government February six, nineteen thirty four. Now, all of

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Speaker 1: the stories we've shared so far in this series have

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Speaker 1: borne some similarities to what happened in the US capital

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Speaker 1: on January six and the events that let up to it,

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Speaker 1: But what happened in France on February six, nineteen thirty

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Speaker 1: four is by far the most direct comparison to what

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Speaker 1: happened in the U s Capital on the six. I

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Speaker 1: knew nothing about this before I started this series, but

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Speaker 1: it's fascinating. It's wild. Yeah, well it failed, but also

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Speaker 1: it is just the same damn thing basically. You know

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Speaker 1: what's crazy is how much the thirties must have sucked

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Speaker 1: the trash. A lot of this stuff happened in the thirties. Man,

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Speaker 1: it sucked as much as I'm gonna guesses are going

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Speaker 1: to suck suck a decade. Yeah, um yeah, it's great.

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Speaker 1: It's great. How the same thing is happening again exactly

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Speaker 1: a century later. Pretty much. Um So the story starts,

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Speaker 1: our story today starts in many ways with something that

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Speaker 1: happened in the late eighteen hundreds. Prop have you ever

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Speaker 1: heard of the Dreyfus affair? No, this is I I

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Speaker 1: did when I was before I dropped out of college.

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Speaker 1: The only thing I ever was able to focus on

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Speaker 1: for more than a semester is a major was was

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Speaker 1: Holocaust studies, right I wanted to when I the the

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Speaker 1: only degree I ever wanted was a degree in like

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Speaker 1: Holocaust scholarship. And every class on anti Semitism in the

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Speaker 1: history of the Holocaust is going to start, or at

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Speaker 1: least be frontloaded with the story of the Dreyfuss affair.

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Speaker 1: And most Americans don't know about this, but it's very

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Speaker 1: famous in France and it's where the French far right

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Speaker 1: really comes out of. In eighteen eighty four, a French

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Speaker 1: army captain named Alfred Dreyfuss was accused of handing secret

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Speaker 1: documents to the Imperial German military. Now this was a

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Speaker 1: little over a decade since the Austro the Franco Prussian War,

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Speaker 1: which is where France lost a bunch of territory to

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Speaker 1: what became Germany. Um that one, so there's a lot

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Speaker 1: of like panic over the Germans, right, So suddenly it

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Speaker 1: comes out that like someone has been handing documents over

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Speaker 1: to the German military. There's a spy in the French military,

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Speaker 1: and everybody focuses on Alfred Dreyfuss. He's the immediate suspected

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Speaker 1: culprit because he's Jewish, you know, like, Okay, this is

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Speaker 1: starting to sound a little familiar. Now, yeah, yeah, this

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Speaker 1: is this is a pretty famous moment. Yeah, I feel

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Speaker 1: like okay, yeah, yeah, I'm like you and celebrity names

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Speaker 1: like I think I know this immediately and his story

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Speaker 1: becomes not you know, for there's a trader in the

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Speaker 1: French military, but there's a treacherous Jew giving our military

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Speaker 1: secrets to the Germans. Right. Um, Now, as I'm sure

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Speaker 1: most of you have guessed, just because this is the

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Speaker 1: show that it is, Dreyfus was innocent. The trial against

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Speaker 1: him was racially motivated and flawed from the get go,

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Speaker 1: and I found a good right up on the trial

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Speaker 1: from the open source educational website e International Relations, which

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Speaker 1: highlights just how fucked things were from the jump. On

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Speaker 1: the morning of Monday, the fifteenth of October, Captain Alfred

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Speaker 1: Dreyfuss was summoned to present himself at the French Ministry

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Speaker 1: of War. The Commander Patty to come, along with three

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Speaker 1: other inspectors, welcome Dryfus and proceeded in asking him to

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Speaker 1: write a peculiar letter dictated by Patty to clam that

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Speaker 1: this letter contains sentences from the infamous Borderreaux, which was

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Speaker 1: a letter written by a French spy found in the

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Speaker 1: dustbin of the German military attache in Paris. The French

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Speaker 1: Ministry of War was searching for the spy, and we're

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Speaker 1: testing various officers that could be suspected of treason. As

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Speaker 1: Dryfus wrote the letter, he shivered, and the three men

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Speaker 1: scrutinizing his every move noticed his trembling, thus deeming it

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Speaker 1: as a sign of culpability. He is cold, he shivers,

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Speaker 1: an incontestable sign of his culpability. The God he's shivered,

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Speaker 1: He's guilty, held guilty. N One. One constant throughout history

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Speaker 1: is people whose job it is to determine whether or

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Speaker 1: not folks are guilty of a crime. Are always bad

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Speaker 1: at that job. Not possible. Yes. Dreyfus was immediately arrested

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Speaker 1: for high treason and deported to the prison of I'm

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Speaker 1: I'm going to try to pronounce it. He was sent

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Speaker 1: to prison on December nineteenth. He was court martialed in

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Speaker 1: front of a set of anti Semitic juries who judged

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Speaker 1: him guilty and sentenced him to a degradation and life

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Speaker 1: sentence on the Devil's Aisle in French Guyana, so pretty

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Speaker 1: pretty much you know, a show trial, right. Uh. That

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Speaker 1: meant that the anti Semitism man all the way back

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Speaker 1: from there, all the way to they build in lasers

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Speaker 1: to shoot from space. They build in lasers to shoot

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Speaker 1: from space. And this is a real theory because we'll

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Speaker 1: talk about this later. France did not have much of

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Speaker 1: a history of anti Semitism before, not nearly as much

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Speaker 1: as a lot of other European countries. So about two

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Speaker 1: years after Dryfus is convicted, evidence comes out that a

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Speaker 1: completely different, non Jewish French officer had been the spy,

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Speaker 1: and this is good evidence. The guilty man, though, was

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Speaker 1: immediately acquitted by a military court because Dreyfus was Jewish

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Speaker 1: and thus must be the guilty party, and Dreyfus was.

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Speaker 1: Actually when the guy who was guilty was acquitted, they

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Speaker 1: sentenced to Dryfus for even more crimes that he hadn't

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Speaker 1: committed in the same Oh my god, it's really bad.

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Speaker 1: Oh my god. Anybody who watched that ivan, the terrible

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Speaker 1: docuseries on Netflix about the guy that was accused of

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Speaker 1: being the the not see Oh yeah, I watched that. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: oh Robert, it's up your alley. It is dude. So yeah,

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Speaker 1: they're like, that's him. I'll never forget his face. He's like, no,

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Speaker 1: it's not. Yeah, people are bad at remembering things, which

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Speaker 1: is the real problem. Like I witness accounts and stuff.

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Speaker 1: But there's not even that in this. This is just

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Speaker 1: racism that dry Us is being convicted over. Like it's

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Speaker 1: not even someone thinks they see him doing something. Um,

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Speaker 1: it's just like, well, he's a Jew and he's in

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Speaker 1: the army, so he's got to be the guy passing

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Speaker 1: secrets to the Germans. Obvious felt this way. Oh sorry,

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Speaker 1: what's that problem? Is gonna say? Man, uh, this is

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Speaker 1: gonna be a very racist statement, but I mean it

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Speaker 1: as a joke, which is even I shouldn't have even

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Speaker 1: prefaced it. But I just still think that, like, dang man,

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Speaker 1: because I still go when I look at like European Jews,

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Speaker 1: I'm just like but white people, and I just and

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Speaker 1: it's and it's so funny to because I'm like, damn,

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Speaker 1: y'all got the short end of the state. You got

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Speaker 1: the worst lottery ever as a white dude that you

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Speaker 1: don't even get to count as a white dude, you

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Speaker 1: have to, I think accept that in this period of

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Speaker 1: time in Europe, Jewish people aren't white. They are excluded

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Speaker 1: from the benefits of whiteness. And the way that like

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Speaker 1: in the late eighteen hundreds of Italians and Irish were

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Speaker 1: in the United States, right, Like just the process of

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Speaker 1: becoming white for a lot of these groups. Yeah, it's

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Speaker 1: so bizarre. I know in the early like this is

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Speaker 1: the longest script you've ever written, so I shouldn't be

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Speaker 1: at I know that, like you know stories of when

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Speaker 1: when America was founded, you know, only white people could

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Speaker 1: own land, so you had like Japanese immigrants standing in

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Speaker 1: front of the Congress being like, nah, we're white too,

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Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying, And just this argument that

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Speaker 1: like I am a part of that dog. I just

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Speaker 1: can't imagine as someone who's there is no way I

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Speaker 1: could stand in front of any court and convince somebody

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Speaker 1: I'm a white dude. You know what I'm saying that

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Speaker 1: like the idea one that that's possible, and to that,

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Speaker 1: like you actually are, ay dude. Yeah, and and nobody's

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Speaker 1: calling you a y dude, you know what I'm saying,

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Speaker 1: Like that's at least the the European jew obviously Ethiopian

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Speaker 1: Jewish people are clearly now why dudes, you know, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean, and it's it's a factor of non whiteness

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Speaker 1: is a scale, right, Like everyone who is considered non

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Speaker 1: white isn't considered the same um there, but it's it's

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Speaker 1: it's a it's a scale. And and in this period

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Speaker 1: of time and a lot of Europe, and really not

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Speaker 1: in France, this had not been the case. But in

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Speaker 1: a lot of Europe Jewish people are not really considered

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Speaker 1: like there had been there there had been within living

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Speaker 1: memory at this point, severe restrictions on whether or not

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Speaker 1: Jewish people could own property in parts of Europe. Um

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Speaker 1: it had not been legal like up to the First

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Speaker 1: World War, almost in like Germany, for Jewish people to

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Speaker 1: be officers in the military, like there were very strong

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Speaker 1: restrictions around it. So it's really it's hard to almost

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Speaker 1: get your head around because of how significant it is

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Speaker 1: in this period. That's the point I'm trying to make

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Speaker 1: is like I still can't obviously you can't, you can't

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Speaker 1: pull a you know, a critical race there is based

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Speaker 1: on a society in the in the twenty one century.

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Speaker 1: You can't yank that back to the seventeen and think

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Speaker 1: it's going to be the same. But at the same time,

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Speaker 1: it's still hard to like wrap my mind around the

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Speaker 1: fact that they're like but not him. And I'm like, yeah,

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Speaker 1: how do you know you know I'm saying it's um,

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Speaker 1: I mean, it's it's the whole the whole process of

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Speaker 1: a lot of you know, it's it's the same way

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Speaker 1: as how most of the kind of colonial procedures that

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Speaker 1: the British carried out in Africa in order to maintain

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Speaker 1: dominance and split up different tribal groups and keep them

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Speaker 1: fighting each other so that they could dominate and exploit them.

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Speaker 1: They beta tested that in Ireland with with with what

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Speaker 1: we're effectively tribes and group tribal groups of Irish people

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Speaker 1: like that that. There are people scholars who will argue

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Speaker 1: that the Irish were the first people to be excluded

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Speaker 1: from whiteness when they were when the idea of whiteness

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Speaker 1: was being invented, before the slave trade even really existed,

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Speaker 1: because like it was there an early colonized people. It's

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Speaker 1: a it's a like it will do a history series

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Speaker 1: about this at something History of whiteness. Yeah, there's a

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Speaker 1: couple of really good books, including one titled The Invention

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Speaker 1: of the White Race. That's yeah, it's a great book. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: very interesting. So anyway, everything that dry Us, you know,

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Speaker 1: getting tried and then getting reconvicted, when this new infro

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Speaker 1: comes up, it creates a massive culture war in France.

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Speaker 1: In two groups kind of rise up around this. There's

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Speaker 1: the anti dry Fusards, who are confusingly the ones who

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Speaker 1: think Dryfus is innocent. Okay, yeah uh, and then there's

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Speaker 1: the dry Fussard's who are raging anti semites um. Like,

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Speaker 1: the dry Fusards think that that dry Fus is guilty.

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Speaker 1: The anti dry Fussards think that he's yeah. Okay, So

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Speaker 1: it's the opposite of how you'd think it would be.

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Speaker 1: It's opposite day okay, got it. So dry Fuss is

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Speaker 1: pardoned by the French president and released in nineteen o three. Eventually,

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Speaker 1: just like and and in fairness to France, the weight

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Speaker 1: of kind of cultural opinion is that Dreyfus is guilty.

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Speaker 1: People come around on this and realize that they've done

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Speaker 1: him dirty. Um. So he's released in nineteen o three

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Speaker 1: and in nineteen oh six of French court formally recognizes

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Speaker 1: his innocence. Now, the actual spy and the racist officers

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Speaker 1: who conspired against Dreyfus were never punished. And one of

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Speaker 1: the saddest things about the story is how kind of

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Speaker 1: incomprehensibly loyal to the state Alfred Dreyfus is because after

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Speaker 1: he gets out of years of being in prison as

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Speaker 1: a spy, he rejoins the French army and fights in

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Speaker 1: World War One. Yeah, he retires as a lieutenant colonel

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Speaker 1: and dies at nineteen thirty five. He goes right back

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Speaker 1: into the military. Dry until boy, like, bro, it is

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Speaker 1: hard to get your head around these people don't love

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Speaker 1: you family well, so, I mean, in fairness to him,

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Speaker 1: a lot of folks there was a huge culture war

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Speaker 1: in his defense. In a lot of cases people this

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Speaker 1: is wrong. Um, so all things considered, for what is

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Speaker 1: effective lee like a racist attack on a Jewish man

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Speaker 1: at multiple levels of the military. The dry Fuss affair

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Speaker 1: works out about as well as you can expect for

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Speaker 1: drivers because he is he is vindicated in the end,

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Speaker 1: but because of how much because of what kind of

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Speaker 1: like evolves in France around believing dry Fuss is guilty

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Speaker 1: and starting to believe that Jewish people are kind of

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Speaker 1: inherently unloyal to the state. Uh supercharges the radical right

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Speaker 1: in France, and it lays the foundations for French sympathy

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Speaker 1: for the Nazis and a hatred of Jewish people that

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Speaker 1: would claim tens of thousands of lives in World War Two.

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Speaker 1: And I'm gonna quote from that right up in the

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Speaker 1: International Relations again quote. Before the affair, France had been

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Speaker 1: one of the least anti Semitic countries in Europe. It

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Speaker 1: in fact had been the country where the most Jews

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Speaker 1: had sought political asylum. During the pogroms that took place

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Speaker 1: in Russia during the eighteen eighties. Russian Jews escaped the

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Speaker 1: massacres ordered by the Czar and flee towards the rest,

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Speaker 1: predominantly France. Another event attesting to France's non anti Semitic

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Speaker 1: past was that there was no French delegation at any

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Speaker 1: of the annual congresses of anti Semitism that took place

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Speaker 1: in Dressden. Yes, there used to be yearly congress is

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Speaker 1: based on anti Semitism and Dressed that a bunch of

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Speaker 1: European countries would send delegates to to talk about the

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Speaker 1: danges you the the amount of anti like the Holocaust

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Speaker 1: isn't a factor of the Nazis. The Holocaust is a

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Speaker 1: factor of centuries of most of European christen of being

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Speaker 1: like the Jews are dangerous, Like that's where it comes from.

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Speaker 1: Just a slow moving train that ended exactly where logically

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Speaker 1: it would end. Yeah, it was the result of for

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Speaker 1: hundreds of years, lots of prominent people being like, we

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Speaker 1: should murder these folks, and then they did. You know,

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Speaker 1: it's the least surprising thing in the world if you

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Speaker 1: read anything about European history. Um so. Yeah. But in

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Speaker 1: France though, um that that's not really the case is much.

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Speaker 1: Obviously there's anti Semitism in France, as the drivers affair shows,

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Speaker 1: but it's not nearly what it was. It was one

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Speaker 1: of the best places in Europe to be Jewish, and

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Speaker 1: there were as dry This proves a lot of very

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Speaker 1: loyal to France Jewish people. Um So, the anti Semmatism

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Speaker 1: really starts to grow into a serious force in France

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Speaker 1: as a result of the Dry Fust affair. The Driver's

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Speaker 1: affair also leads to an explosion in the radical press

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Speaker 1: for the first time in French history. Left and right

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Speaker 1: start launching a series of newspapers and magazines aimed at

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Speaker 1: taking different sides in a violent culture war. At the start,

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Speaker 1: anti dry Fussard press outnumbered the dry Fusard press by

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Speaker 1: about ten to one in terms of readership. So the

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Speaker 1: guys who think dry fuss is innocent, that's the majority

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Speaker 1: of the press at the beginning. But that doesn't stop

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Speaker 1: the dry the dry Fusard press, which are the ones

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Speaker 1: who don't like drivers, from publishing a constant stream of

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Speaker 1: ever more lurid lies about a Jewish conspiracy to undermine

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Speaker 1: the military. Now, some will argue that the whole reason

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Speaker 1: the dry fust affair became a thing was because the

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Speaker 1: press flocked to it, and that it might have disappeared

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Speaker 1: um if they hadn't written so much about it. Scholar

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Speaker 1: Jen Dennis Brennan wrote, the press became the power of opinion.

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Speaker 1: It amplified the political movements without creating them. For the

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Speaker 1: first time, the press disposed of a powerful influence on

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Speaker 1: French politics, dramatizing supporting or denouncing the authorities. Now this

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Speaker 1: is very familiar to everybody listening right now. It's the

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Speaker 1: same thing that happened with like Q and on right,

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Speaker 1: this radical press, the the and wh when we talk

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Speaker 1: about radical press in this period, the people like mimeographing

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Speaker 1: or whatever their own like little newsletters and stuff. It's

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Speaker 1: the same as like memes and shipped on Twitter and

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Speaker 1: ke went on it's like eight chance, that's what's happening.

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Speaker 1: He's still ye still just dank memes, okay, And it's

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Speaker 1: it's by the way, this basic process is the same

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Speaker 1: thing that radicalize as Hitler when he's when he's like

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Speaker 1: homeless living in Vienna, he starts picking up all of

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Speaker 1: these crudely copied and written anti Semitic tracts that were

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Speaker 1: passed out in mass on the street. That's what convinces

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Speaker 1: him in a lot of ways about the danger of

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Speaker 1: the Jewish menace. It's a lot of the same ship

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Speaker 1: you see on h Chan. It's just now what happens online.

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Speaker 1: Then it was like like zines you would pass out basically.

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Speaker 1: I wonder if there's like some sort of psychological study

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Speaker 1: or something that like lays out what that does to

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Speaker 1: you mentally to see something that's like feels clandestined, if

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Speaker 1: you will, Because it's like these like mimiograph things like

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Speaker 1: the quality is terrible. So it's so does something in

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Speaker 1: you feel like, oh, this is a secret. That's why

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Speaker 1: it's not all polished and nice. It's like, does there

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Speaker 1: someone if there's something to that where it's like I'm

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Speaker 1: I'm in I'm in on something. I know. There's psychology

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Speaker 1: about that where you feel like you're in on something

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Speaker 1: everybody else isn't it. It hits a certain part of

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Speaker 1: your brain. It's man, But I wonder if there's something

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Speaker 1: to do with like, how sucky the quality of like

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Speaker 1: y are? This is the same? You know? I talk

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Speaker 1: about this a lot. There's this one of the guys

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Speaker 1: behind the Lincoln Project as a fellow named Rick Wilson,

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Speaker 1: who is, like I think, objectively a bad person, um,

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Speaker 1: but has been historically pretty good at creating certain types

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Speaker 1: of propaganda. He was the guy behind the Reverend Right

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Speaker 1: campaign ads during Obama's election. Um, yeah, he's that guy.

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Speaker 1: And I interviewed him in talking about kind of his

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Speaker 1: opinion on Hillary Clinton's campaign ads versus Donald Trump's because

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Speaker 1: the first Trump campaign ads really felt like something some

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Speaker 1: teenager had cobbled together on their laptop, and Hillary's ads

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Speaker 1: were like traditional campaign as and everyone was a lot

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Speaker 1: of liberals were making fun of Trump's ads, but they

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Speaker 1: were getting this incredible traction. And the thing he told

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Speaker 1: me was essentially like the really polished slip campaign ads

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Speaker 1: don't work nearly as well as the ones that look

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Speaker 1: like they came out of somebody's basement, because that feels

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Speaker 1: real to people, right, Like, it feels more authentic. And I,

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Speaker 1: you know, like, again he's a very bad person. Um,

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Speaker 1: he's not bad at making propagande. And I think about

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Speaker 1: what he told me a lot um and that's I think,

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Speaker 1: what kind of what you're seeing here? I think you're

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Speaker 1: exactly right. So the dry Fist affair would prove in

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Speaker 1: the radical press that kind of comes out of the

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Speaker 1: dryf this affair would prove to be the seed of

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Speaker 1: a new militant right wing in France, one that came

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Speaker 1: with its own stabbed in the back myth right. We

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Speaker 1: talked about how the stabbed in the back myth in

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Speaker 1: Germany was crucial now the right in Frances, like we

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Speaker 1: lost the Franco Prussian War because the Jews, you know,

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Speaker 1: um damn it. And it's it's worth noting that when

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Speaker 1: the Nazis took over France, they actually had a problem,

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Speaker 1: had serious problems logistically because of how many French people

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Speaker 1: were turning in their Jewish neighbors. They couldn't deal with

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Speaker 1: the sheer number of Jewish people being turned into them. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it was way more normal to give up your Jewish

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Speaker 1: neighbors to the Nazis than it was to hide them

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Speaker 1: in a lot of Europe, but in France too. Yeah yeah,

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Speaker 1: I know, like I have, we talked about so many times,

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Speaker 1: like the parallels in the in like Syria and Iraq

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Speaker 1: and Iran, like and I have you know, some of

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Speaker 1: my homies out there, like we're trying to explain like

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Speaker 1: how a caliphate kind of grows and this is a

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Speaker 1: lot of the thing too. It's like this these like

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Speaker 1: heavily armed dudes pull up to the house and are

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Speaker 1: like are you a Christian? And you're like, uh nah,

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Speaker 1: but they are you know what I'm saying, And it's like,

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Speaker 1: you know, or you down for the Caliphate? You down

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Speaker 1: with us. It's like, uh, well, day's data ones down

408
00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:04,720
Speaker 1: there said it's just like I just don't want you

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Speaker 1: to drag my daughter out of my house. So yeah them,

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Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. He just turned it down

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Speaker 1: a dude down the street. You know what I'm saying,

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Speaker 1: I don't know what they are, you know. And and

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Speaker 1: it's like a lot of people that signed up didn't

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Speaker 1: really sign up. They just you know, saying, it's just

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Speaker 1: I just don't want you to drag my grandma out

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Speaker 1: of the street, you know what I mean. Yeah, that's

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Speaker 1: a factor in it. There's a this is about the

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Speaker 1: when we talk about the Holocaust. That's a complicated factor

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Speaker 1: because a lot of people would claim in their defense later,

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Speaker 1: like after during the Nuremberg Trial time that they had

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Speaker 1: been forced to carry These are mainly German soldiers, they

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Speaker 1: had been forced to carry out acts of genocide, and

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Speaker 1: a significant amount of scholarship shows that, like it's actually

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Speaker 1: was unheard of for German soldiers to be punished for

425
00:22:48,600 --> 00:22:52,439
Speaker 1: not engaging in acts of genocide. Um, it was. It

426
00:22:52,480 --> 00:22:53,520
Speaker 1: was a lot of a lot of it was just

427
00:22:53,680 --> 00:22:55,280
Speaker 1: it was a mix of like peer pressure and like

428
00:22:55,359 --> 00:22:58,880
Speaker 1: legitimate radicalization. But that's a whole Holocaust is a whole

429
00:22:58,880 --> 00:23:02,199
Speaker 1: another story. Um. But this is a part of the

430
00:23:02,200 --> 00:23:04,399
Speaker 1: story of the Holocaust. Though. This is why part of

431
00:23:04,400 --> 00:23:08,440
Speaker 1: why the French people in who are taken by the

432
00:23:08,560 --> 00:23:12,720
Speaker 1: Nazis are so willing to turn in Jewish neighbors, you know. Um,

433
00:23:12,760 --> 00:23:14,960
Speaker 1: And none of this should be seen as like kind

434
00:23:15,000 --> 00:23:17,880
Speaker 1: of uh ignoring the fact that a lot of French

435
00:23:17,920 --> 00:23:20,719
Speaker 1: people hid and protected their Jewish neighbors actually makes them

436
00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:25,320
Speaker 1: much more heroic. But that was not the norm, you know. Um.

437
00:23:25,359 --> 00:23:28,320
Speaker 1: So again, the dry Fust affair gives birth to the

438
00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:33,000
Speaker 1: right wing in France. Um and it it's it's like

439
00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:36,600
Speaker 1: it leads to this alternative media ecosystem that starts spreading

440
00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:40,560
Speaker 1: propaganda at a at a huge rate. Um. Now, France, obviously,

441
00:23:40,600 --> 00:23:42,320
Speaker 1: World War one comes around and France is one of

442
00:23:42,359 --> 00:23:45,200
Speaker 1: the co co belligerents in that war, and they suffered,

443
00:23:45,320 --> 00:23:47,359
Speaker 1: you know, terribly as a result. At one point three

444
00:23:47,400 --> 00:23:50,320
Speaker 1: million French soldiers were killed and another million were left

445
00:23:50,320 --> 00:23:53,040
Speaker 1: permanently disabled. Which makes which means that like in that war,

446
00:23:53,440 --> 00:23:56,160
Speaker 1: France lost as many soldiers dead as the US has lost,

447
00:23:56,720 --> 00:23:58,280
Speaker 1: more than the US has lost in all of its

448
00:23:58,280 --> 00:24:03,960
Speaker 1: wars put together. Um. Damn. Yeah, it's bad. Um Yeah.

449
00:24:04,200 --> 00:24:07,480
Speaker 1: Seventy of French soldiers who mobilized for World War One

450
00:24:07,480 --> 00:24:10,119
Speaker 1: where either killed or wounded. Um. And this is not

451
00:24:10,200 --> 00:24:12,399
Speaker 1: just include white frenchmen. This includes a huge number of

452
00:24:12,440 --> 00:24:15,080
Speaker 1: colonial troops who were brought onto the continent by the

453
00:24:15,080 --> 00:24:17,160
Speaker 1: French government to make up for the fact that after

454
00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:19,680
Speaker 1: a while, German machine guns had them running low on

455
00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:22,560
Speaker 1: white dudes, you know. Um. And one of the stories

456
00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:24,119
Speaker 1: that's not talked about enough in World War One is

457
00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:26,880
Speaker 1: how many people from India, people from chunks of Africa,

458
00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:29,679
Speaker 1: from like all over the world, from the Middle East

459
00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:33,040
Speaker 1: were brought in to die on the Western Front because like,

460
00:24:33,640 --> 00:24:35,960
Speaker 1: we own these places and we can make them, you know,

461
00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:39,960
Speaker 1: beauty of colonialism, You can just yet pull bodies from anywhere,

462
00:24:40,160 --> 00:24:43,399
Speaker 1: pull them all from wherever. Now. The days and months

463
00:24:43,440 --> 00:24:46,240
Speaker 1: after World War One's closed brought a wave of revolutions

464
00:24:46,240 --> 00:24:49,080
Speaker 1: and insurrections across Europe. In Germany and Russia. As we've

465
00:24:49,119 --> 00:24:51,760
Speaker 1: talked about, all these trauma mad young veterans were major

466
00:24:51,800 --> 00:24:54,760
Speaker 1: instigators of unrest in what one scholar called the shatter

467
00:24:54,920 --> 00:24:59,159
Speaker 1: zones of the empires that died as the war's conclusion um,

468
00:24:59,240 --> 00:25:01,399
Speaker 1: which I think it's a neat term. Yeah, you know,

469
00:25:01,480 --> 00:25:04,639
Speaker 1: all these paramilitary organizations start becoming more common, and France

470
00:25:04,640 --> 00:25:07,119
Speaker 1: has spared the worst of this, in part because you know,

471
00:25:07,119 --> 00:25:09,040
Speaker 1: they have their stab in the back from the War

472
00:25:09,160 --> 00:25:11,920
Speaker 1: of eighteen seventy, but then they win World War One,

473
00:25:12,040 --> 00:25:16,600
Speaker 1: which does kind of mean it reduces the avenues for radicalization. Right,

474
00:25:16,640 --> 00:25:18,960
Speaker 1: people aren't as angry because the war was terrible, but

475
00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:21,719
Speaker 1: they did win. You know, it's not as bad as

476
00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:23,800
Speaker 1: it is in Germany or you know, Italy one too,

477
00:25:23,800 --> 00:25:26,239
Speaker 1: but they kind of got screwed in the victory, you know,

478
00:25:27,040 --> 00:25:30,399
Speaker 1: so there there's a lot more resentment in those countries. Um,

479
00:25:30,520 --> 00:25:32,840
Speaker 1: France does have some unrest though, there's waves of strikes

480
00:25:32,880 --> 00:25:35,439
Speaker 1: in early nineteen nineteen, but these didn't really disrupt the

481
00:25:35,480 --> 00:25:39,439
Speaker 1: status quo. They did, however, terrify French conservatives. This was

482
00:25:39,520 --> 00:25:42,359
Speaker 1: largely because those conservatives weren't seeing the reality of the

483
00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:45,360
Speaker 1: strikes themselves, but were instead looking at the violence convulsing

484
00:25:45,440 --> 00:25:48,520
Speaker 1: Russia as a result of its recent revolution and being like,

485
00:25:49,600 --> 00:25:52,840
Speaker 1: that's what these people want to bring here, you know. Yeah,

486
00:25:53,080 --> 00:25:56,960
Speaker 1: so everybody's scared of whatever hell happened to Russia. Everybody is, Yeah,

487
00:25:57,000 --> 00:26:00,280
Speaker 1: it's a huge factor here, you know, and you have

488
00:26:00,359 --> 00:26:03,119
Speaker 1: to acknowledge that. Like we talk a lot about how

489
00:26:03,119 --> 00:26:05,080
Speaker 1: the people on the left are terrified about what they

490
00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:07,320
Speaker 1: see happening in France and Germany. People on the right

491
00:26:07,320 --> 00:26:09,560
Speaker 1: are terrified about what they see happening in Russia and

492
00:26:09,600 --> 00:26:12,920
Speaker 1: a lot of again, nine million people die in that war. Yeah,

493
00:26:13,160 --> 00:26:16,160
Speaker 1: you have the holludomor, which is five million Ukrainians being

494
00:26:16,160 --> 00:26:18,760
Speaker 1: starved ares a result of some very fucked up policies.

495
00:26:18,760 --> 00:26:21,760
Speaker 1: So like, they're not like when people are terrified as

496
00:26:21,760 --> 00:26:24,000
Speaker 1: a result of what's happening in Russia. It's not like,

497
00:26:24,280 --> 00:26:27,879
Speaker 1: you know, today people being scared of cultural Marxism because

498
00:26:28,080 --> 00:26:31,760
Speaker 1: you know, someone wants to talk about slavery, you know, yeah, yeah, yeah,

499
00:26:31,800 --> 00:26:35,640
Speaker 1: basically they have very different that's a legitimate fear. Yeah,

500
00:26:35,920 --> 00:26:38,679
Speaker 1: there's they have a leg to stand on right now. Again,

501
00:26:38,720 --> 00:26:41,240
Speaker 1: they usually still take it to like, well now we

502
00:26:41,760 --> 00:26:43,760
Speaker 1: have to just do fascism, which is yeah, it's like

503
00:26:43,800 --> 00:26:48,000
Speaker 1: well bro, but but it's not quite the same. Um. So,

504
00:26:48,400 --> 00:26:51,399
Speaker 1: the fear of French conservatives were exacerbated by a pattern

505
00:26:51,400 --> 00:26:53,800
Speaker 1: of progressive social changes that came in the war's wake.

506
00:26:54,160 --> 00:26:56,359
Speaker 1: The sheer number of men killed and rendered unable to

507
00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:58,560
Speaker 1: work had to bring more women into the workplace. Right,

508
00:26:58,560 --> 00:27:00,920
Speaker 1: you have a bunch of men who can't take part

509
00:27:00,920 --> 00:27:03,040
Speaker 1: in capitalism anymore, so you got to bring in women.

510
00:27:03,359 --> 00:27:05,960
Speaker 1: This brings in expansions and women's rights and a broadening

511
00:27:05,960 --> 00:27:09,040
Speaker 1: of what was considered acceptable behavior. For the first time,

512
00:27:09,200 --> 00:27:12,400
Speaker 1: large numbers of French women were both sexually and financially

513
00:27:12,480 --> 00:27:17,320
Speaker 1: independent of men, and obviously this terrifies conservatives. Yeah, I

514
00:27:17,400 --> 00:27:21,000
Speaker 1: can't have women making decisions. Yeah, they might, they might

515
00:27:21,040 --> 00:27:25,040
Speaker 1: decide not to make more French babies, which is actually

516
00:27:25,040 --> 00:27:28,160
Speaker 1: exactly where this leads because something called the birthrate movement

517
00:27:28,280 --> 00:27:30,920
Speaker 1: pops up in this period of time. These guys are

518
00:27:30,960 --> 00:27:34,200
Speaker 1: scared at declining rates of French birth. Now, they started

519
00:27:34,200 --> 00:27:37,080
Speaker 1: whining in eighteen seventy one when Prussia beat France in

520
00:27:37,119 --> 00:27:39,840
Speaker 1: that war because the French, right before they started blaming

521
00:27:39,880 --> 00:27:42,960
Speaker 1: Jewish people, blame the fact that French people women weren't

522
00:27:42,960 --> 00:27:45,360
Speaker 1: having enough babies, Like that's the thing, Like the right

523
00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:47,200
Speaker 1: loses of war and they're like they have to find

524
00:27:47,200 --> 00:27:49,440
Speaker 1: a scapegoats. So first it's the women, you're not making

525
00:27:49,520 --> 00:27:53,800
Speaker 1: enough babies for us to send into German guns, which

526
00:27:53,840 --> 00:27:57,400
Speaker 1: is obviously like ridiculous. We'll spoil an episode that we're

527
00:27:57,400 --> 00:27:59,720
Speaker 1: going to drop soon. The reason France loses that war

528
00:27:59,760 --> 00:28:03,440
Speaker 1: is because they have brass cannons that are basically Napoleonic artillery,

529
00:28:03,600 --> 00:28:06,160
Speaker 1: and the Germans have modern steel cannons, and that's why

530
00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:09,560
Speaker 1: France loses an eight one. That's the real reason. It

531
00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:13,080
Speaker 1: has nothing to do with birthrate. Um yeah, how would

532
00:28:13,080 --> 00:28:15,639
Speaker 1: it like, I'm even trying to follow your logic, like,

533
00:28:15,840 --> 00:28:18,160
Speaker 1: there's not that many Germans. Yeah, it's not that many

534
00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:24,840
Speaker 1: of it. What does Toddler going to do? You say, exactly? Um?

535
00:28:24,920 --> 00:28:27,080
Speaker 1: But yeah, it does say something about the right wing

536
00:28:27,119 --> 00:28:29,200
Speaker 1: that they're like, if we'd had more boys to send

537
00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:33,960
Speaker 1: into their guns, we would have won. Yeah, okay. Um.

538
00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:36,880
Speaker 1: And then of course, like after they you know, after

539
00:28:37,240 --> 00:28:39,520
Speaker 1: a decade or so of blaming women, they start blaming

540
00:28:39,560 --> 00:28:44,080
Speaker 1: Jewish people. Uh So, the kind of the birthrate movement

541
00:28:44,120 --> 00:28:48,000
Speaker 1: got even more like gained more traction after World War

542
00:28:48,040 --> 00:28:50,200
Speaker 1: One because this point a lot of French dudes had died,

543
00:28:50,240 --> 00:28:51,440
Speaker 1: so they had a little bit more of a leg

544
00:28:51,480 --> 00:28:53,240
Speaker 1: to stand on, like, we need to have more babies

545
00:28:53,240 --> 00:28:55,000
Speaker 1: because look at how many of our boys got killed.

546
00:28:56,040 --> 00:28:58,440
Speaker 1: A better answer, I think I'm just like man, I

547
00:28:58,440 --> 00:29:01,000
Speaker 1: always these dudes like what I'm hearing them, just the

548
00:29:01,040 --> 00:29:02,920
Speaker 1: stabbing the back thing. And then then we had no

549
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:05,760
Speaker 1: birth rate. I just wish these kids had like Little

550
00:29:05,840 --> 00:29:08,720
Speaker 1: League baseball at some point to just like teach you

551
00:29:08,760 --> 00:29:11,880
Speaker 1: how to take a loss, man, Just take the loss, bro.

552
00:29:12,080 --> 00:29:15,120
Speaker 1: You lost none of them. That's the fucking thing. And

553
00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:18,440
Speaker 1: it's the same fucking thing for like the Hindenberg and

554
00:29:18,520 --> 00:29:22,400
Speaker 1: Ludendorf in Germany, where it's like, well, we can't accept

555
00:29:22,440 --> 00:29:24,760
Speaker 1: that we fucked up, right, it has to be it

556
00:29:24,800 --> 00:29:27,080
Speaker 1: has to be someone else's fault that we lost this war.

557
00:29:28,040 --> 00:29:31,000
Speaker 1: Just take the l bro. Like sometimes you know, hey,

558
00:29:31,320 --> 00:29:34,040
Speaker 1: you had a bad day, you know you just hey,

559
00:29:34,120 --> 00:29:36,880
Speaker 1: buck up, champ, like you just you took your loss,

560
00:29:37,000 --> 00:29:39,880
Speaker 1: all right, take the hell everybody takes ls. Yeah, it's

561
00:29:39,920 --> 00:29:42,160
Speaker 1: like the fact. It's like it's like the American right

562
00:29:42,200 --> 00:29:45,239
Speaker 1: wing blaming the fact that we lost Vietnam on like

563
00:29:45,440 --> 00:29:49,720
Speaker 1: teenagers protesting. It's like, no, dude, like the Vietnamese kicked

564
00:29:49,720 --> 00:29:53,960
Speaker 1: your ass. They were better. We just better. Like this

565
00:29:54,000 --> 00:29:58,080
Speaker 1: is what happens. Sometimes you lose. Yeah, Usually you lose

566
00:29:58,120 --> 00:30:03,440
Speaker 1: when you do stupid shit like it evade Vietnam or

567
00:30:03,480 --> 00:30:10,800
Speaker 1: invade Afghanistan. Should away? Yeah. So anyway, obviously a bunch

568
00:30:10,840 --> 00:30:12,760
Speaker 1: of members of the birth rate movement get elected to government.

569
00:30:12,760 --> 00:30:16,920
Speaker 1: They pushed legislation to encourage childbirth YadA, YadA. In nineteen twenty,

570
00:30:16,960 --> 00:30:20,120
Speaker 1: a conservative government is elected and immediately sets to pushing

571
00:30:20,160 --> 00:30:22,720
Speaker 1: back against what they saw as a rising and sinister

572
00:30:22,920 --> 00:30:26,320
Speaker 1: communist left. They were opposed by the labor government, which

573
00:30:26,320 --> 00:30:28,720
Speaker 1: had been swelled by the war's need for heavy industry.

574
00:30:29,120 --> 00:30:31,800
Speaker 1: During the first six months of conservative power, a series

575
00:30:31,800 --> 00:30:36,000
Speaker 1: of strikes convulsed both French industry and public services. Still,

576
00:30:36,160 --> 00:30:37,680
Speaker 1: the start of the twenties was a good time to

577
00:30:37,680 --> 00:30:40,440
Speaker 1: be a French Conservative. The stain of defeat in eighteen

578
00:30:40,440 --> 00:30:42,960
Speaker 1: seventy one had been wiped out by victory over Germany.

579
00:30:43,120 --> 00:30:45,320
Speaker 1: The new right wing government was seen as being largely

580
00:30:45,360 --> 00:30:48,080
Speaker 1: composed of herobic veterans, even though this wasn't really true,

581
00:30:48,360 --> 00:30:50,600
Speaker 1: but the idea was that, like, these guys are all heroes.

582
00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:53,760
Speaker 1: They're not normal, crooked politicians right there. They're men of

583
00:30:53,800 --> 00:30:56,160
Speaker 1: the Trench generation. They could be trusted to make hard

584
00:30:56,200 --> 00:30:59,800
Speaker 1: decisions to make France great again. So first on the

585
00:31:00,120 --> 00:31:02,800
Speaker 1: wings agenda was of course, sticking it to the Germans.

586
00:31:03,400 --> 00:31:05,920
Speaker 1: Just defeat. The defeated nations did a lot of money

587
00:31:05,960 --> 00:31:08,320
Speaker 1: to France and reparations um and these were seen not

588
00:31:08,360 --> 00:31:10,800
Speaker 1: only as spoils of war but were necessary to revive

589
00:31:10,840 --> 00:31:13,280
Speaker 1: the French economy because the French had gone badly into

590
00:31:13,280 --> 00:31:15,800
Speaker 1: debt to the United States in order to continue fighting

591
00:31:15,880 --> 00:31:18,720
Speaker 1: the war. So they need German reparations to pay off

592
00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:23,520
Speaker 1: the US. You know, um, uh, my money because I

593
00:31:23,560 --> 00:31:26,760
Speaker 1: owe some money. Yeah, I need my money because yeah.

594
00:31:26,800 --> 00:31:29,280
Speaker 1: So when the Germans begged that they couldn't afford to

595
00:31:29,360 --> 00:31:32,320
Speaker 1: like feed their people and pay reparations, the French right

596
00:31:32,360 --> 00:31:35,240
Speaker 1: wing assumed that they were lying, and this newly formed

597
00:31:35,320 --> 00:31:38,240
Speaker 1: network of right wing newspapers and magazine starts spreading another

598
00:31:38,280 --> 00:31:41,360
Speaker 1: conspiracy theory. This one is that Germany actually hadn't been

599
00:31:41,400 --> 00:31:43,719
Speaker 1: all that badly hurt in World War One. They just

600
00:31:43,880 --> 00:31:46,680
Speaker 1: faked a surrender so that they could rebuild their military

601
00:31:46,720 --> 00:31:49,920
Speaker 1: and sneak attack Germany. All of their complaints about economic

602
00:31:49,920 --> 00:31:53,160
Speaker 1: collapse and inflation and starvation were lies meant to lull

603
00:31:53,240 --> 00:31:57,920
Speaker 1: the French into a false sense of security, which yeah,

604
00:31:58,160 --> 00:32:02,040
Speaker 1: is not the case. So the Germans stopped paying reparations

605
00:32:02,080 --> 00:32:04,560
Speaker 1: because they were literally on the verge of societal collapse,

606
00:32:04,600 --> 00:32:07,520
Speaker 1: and the French government sends in troops to occupy Germany's

607
00:32:07,520 --> 00:32:10,400
Speaker 1: industrial heartland, and of course, a big one of the

608
00:32:10,440 --> 00:32:11,920
Speaker 1: things that happened in this period is a lot of

609
00:32:11,920 --> 00:32:14,840
Speaker 1: the troops they send over are like black people from

610
00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:18,480
Speaker 1: their colonial possessions, which really jump starts a lot of

611
00:32:18,560 --> 00:32:22,280
Speaker 1: racism in Germany. Um because like you know, nobody ever

612
00:32:22,320 --> 00:32:26,280
Speaker 1: likes the occupying soldiers. Nobody, Yeah, nobody wants the messenger.

613
00:32:26,680 --> 00:32:30,600
Speaker 1: Yeah exactly. Um. Obviously, still one time I feel like

614
00:32:30,680 --> 00:32:33,280
Speaker 1: in this age or in this era of history where

615
00:32:33,280 --> 00:32:35,240
Speaker 1: I feel like I have a little more mercy for

616
00:32:35,400 --> 00:32:38,520
Speaker 1: Germany when they're just like Doug, we may look, man,

617
00:32:39,720 --> 00:32:42,520
Speaker 1: we ain't got it. Dog Like we just I ain't

618
00:32:42,560 --> 00:32:44,120
Speaker 1: got it, you know what I'm saying. It's like it's

619
00:32:44,160 --> 00:32:46,640
Speaker 1: your fault. Yeah, don't get me wrong, it's your fault.

620
00:32:46,720 --> 00:32:49,200
Speaker 1: But you can't squeeze water out of a turn up fan. Yeah.

621
00:32:49,240 --> 00:32:52,120
Speaker 1: I mean, they're fucking like the thing that they're guilty

622
00:32:52,160 --> 00:32:55,200
Speaker 1: of in World War One in that era, and the

623
00:32:55,240 --> 00:32:58,160
Speaker 1: reason that like France and Germany come down so hard

624
00:32:58,160 --> 00:33:00,200
Speaker 1: on them is like they're primarily guilty of one to

625
00:33:00,240 --> 00:33:02,080
Speaker 1: do what France and Germany had been doing for two,

626
00:33:02,120 --> 00:33:04,720
Speaker 1: two or three centuries. You know, they wanted an empire,

627
00:33:05,160 --> 00:33:06,680
Speaker 1: and they're like, well everyone else gets to do it,

628
00:33:06,680 --> 00:33:10,720
Speaker 1: why don't we get it's bad to want an empire. Obviously,

629
00:33:10,760 --> 00:33:12,760
Speaker 1: what the Germans do some really messed up stuff in

630
00:33:12,760 --> 00:33:16,600
Speaker 1: the Maybia carry out a gainside themselves like but also

631
00:33:16,960 --> 00:33:19,040
Speaker 1: up to World War One and including World War One,

632
00:33:19,280 --> 00:33:21,440
Speaker 1: if you're looking at like the number of crimes against

633
00:33:21,480 --> 00:33:29,400
Speaker 1: humanity committed by Germany versus France or England not even Yeah.

634
00:33:29,560 --> 00:33:32,479
Speaker 1: In nineteen twenty four, the French Conservatives get their asses

635
00:33:32,520 --> 00:33:35,240
Speaker 1: handed to them in a landslide election, and the victors

636
00:33:35,240 --> 00:33:38,840
Speaker 1: in this election are an alliance between socialists and radicals.

637
00:33:39,160 --> 00:33:43,440
Speaker 1: Now again because everything in Frances backwards, the Socialists were

638
00:33:43,480 --> 00:33:47,520
Speaker 1: the furthest electorally relevant left wing party. So the Socialists

639
00:33:47,560 --> 00:33:49,560
Speaker 1: are like as far less like the Bernie standers as

640
00:33:49,600 --> 00:33:51,640
Speaker 1: far left as you could be in French politics and

641
00:33:51,720 --> 00:33:53,960
Speaker 1: still get elected. Obviously they're further left in than Bernie,

642
00:33:54,000 --> 00:33:55,840
Speaker 1: but like they're as far left as you can be

643
00:33:55,880 --> 00:33:59,360
Speaker 1: in France and get elected. The Communists hate the Socialists

644
00:33:59,400 --> 00:34:01,080
Speaker 1: in a lot of case is because the Communists are

645
00:34:01,120 --> 00:34:03,080
Speaker 1: further left than that and they're not really as relevant

646
00:34:03,080 --> 00:34:05,840
Speaker 1: in the government as a result. The radicals are the

647
00:34:05,880 --> 00:34:08,440
Speaker 1: exact opposite of with the sound like the radicals have

648
00:34:08,560 --> 00:34:10,359
Speaker 1: the same kind of position in France. And this is

649
00:34:10,840 --> 00:34:14,120
Speaker 1: at this period as Democrats do. They're the center left right,

650
00:34:14,680 --> 00:34:19,520
Speaker 1: the majority left. Um. So the radicals are not radicals

651
00:34:19,520 --> 00:34:22,560
Speaker 1: and the Socialists are not communists, but they are far

652
00:34:22,680 --> 00:34:26,719
Speaker 1: left for French politics. Again, everything in Frances backward. Um.

653
00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:29,760
Speaker 1: So the radicals and socialists had worked together in the past.

654
00:34:30,040 --> 00:34:32,759
Speaker 1: Um they were allied, and that they all kind of

655
00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:37,080
Speaker 1: broadly supported human rights, democracy and anti clericalism, pushing against

656
00:34:37,120 --> 00:34:39,719
Speaker 1: like the Catholic Church. But they didn't get along on

657
00:34:39,840 --> 00:34:42,400
Speaker 1: much else. The Radicals were the party of like the

658
00:34:42,400 --> 00:34:46,120
Speaker 1: petite bourgeoisie, the lower middle class, small business owners and

659
00:34:46,200 --> 00:34:49,760
Speaker 1: successful peasants. They were big on individualism and self reliance

660
00:34:49,800 --> 00:34:53,040
Speaker 1: and of course property ownership as a method of social advancement.

661
00:34:53,360 --> 00:34:57,840
Speaker 1: The Socialists are socialists. Their partnerships were always awkward, and

662
00:34:57,880 --> 00:35:00,319
Speaker 1: for one thing, the Socialist Party had a standing that

663
00:35:00,360 --> 00:35:03,480
Speaker 1: none of their deputies were allowed to accept ministerial posts

664
00:35:03,480 --> 00:35:06,560
Speaker 1: and radical governments because they saw themselves as a Marxist

665
00:35:06,600 --> 00:35:09,359
Speaker 1: revolutionary party and if they were seen as working within

666
00:35:09,400 --> 00:35:12,040
Speaker 1: a liberal government, the Communists would eat them alive and

667
00:35:12,080 --> 00:35:16,080
Speaker 1: suck in their disaffected members. So they get elected to

668
00:35:16,360 --> 00:35:19,600
Speaker 1: what is effectively French Parliament or Congress or whatever. They

669
00:35:19,600 --> 00:35:22,160
Speaker 1: have deputies, but they won't serve in the government of

670
00:35:22,160 --> 00:35:25,160
Speaker 1: the radical majority because that would mean compromising the fact

671
00:35:25,200 --> 00:35:27,680
Speaker 1: that they're Marxist revolutionaries. And the lose members to the

672
00:35:27,719 --> 00:35:30,560
Speaker 1: communists then, and the communists hate the socialists because they're

673
00:35:30,600 --> 00:35:33,320
Speaker 1: willing to get like elected at all, basically, um, and

674
00:35:33,320 --> 00:35:35,959
Speaker 1: they're willing to work with the radicals. It's very very

675
00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:38,760
Speaker 1: complicated and domb but it's also like basically what happens

676
00:35:39,040 --> 00:35:41,640
Speaker 1: between the left all the time. Right, you've got the

677
00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:44,200
Speaker 1: left that wants to actually govern, and you've got the

678
00:35:44,280 --> 00:35:46,880
Speaker 1: left that's like the system is so fucked up that

679
00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:51,000
Speaker 1: governing means buying into the things that we're fighting against,

680
00:35:51,080 --> 00:35:57,399
Speaker 1: you know. Yeah. Yeah. Despite the fact that actual socialists

681
00:35:58,120 --> 00:36:01,560
Speaker 1: like weren't taking weren't only take up ministerial jobs, and

682
00:36:01,560 --> 00:36:03,919
Speaker 1: the fact that the left coalition didn't agree on much,

683
00:36:04,200 --> 00:36:07,040
Speaker 1: the election of this new government, which is called the cartel,

684
00:36:07,400 --> 00:36:10,520
Speaker 1: drives the right wing completely bug fuck and I'm sure

685
00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:13,439
Speaker 1: Americans can understand what that look like. The conservative print

686
00:36:13,520 --> 00:36:16,640
Speaker 1: media basically calls this stage one of a communist invasion.

687
00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:20,680
Speaker 1: The socialists, who the communists hated were considered to be

688
00:36:20,840 --> 00:36:24,280
Speaker 1: just the same as the communists, revolutionaries, and sheep's clothing.

689
00:36:25,040 --> 00:36:28,080
Speaker 1: In nineteen twenty six, the Cartel really pisses off the

690
00:36:28,160 --> 00:36:31,360
Speaker 1: right wing when they approved the Washington Accords, which guaranteed

691
00:36:31,400 --> 00:36:33,360
Speaker 1: that France would keep repaying her ward at to the

692
00:36:33,440 --> 00:36:37,240
Speaker 1: United States even if Germany defaulted on their payments to France.

693
00:36:37,560 --> 00:36:40,080
Speaker 1: At the same time, the Cartel brings the Germans into

694
00:36:40,080 --> 00:36:42,680
Speaker 1: the League of Nations. The Cartel in France are like

695
00:36:42,719 --> 00:36:46,840
Speaker 1: this liberal government, they're trying to rehabilitate Germany because Germany

696
00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:48,680
Speaker 1: is kind of socialist at this point. They're like, let's

697
00:36:48,680 --> 00:36:51,440
Speaker 1: bring them back into the national community, like we we

698
00:36:51,520 --> 00:36:54,200
Speaker 1: can't keep ostracizing them as a result of World War One,

699
00:36:54,560 --> 00:36:57,160
Speaker 1: and part of bringing Germany back in as they negotiate

700
00:36:57,200 --> 00:37:00,560
Speaker 1: a more reasonable repayment arrangement with Germany that the right

701
00:37:00,560 --> 00:37:02,960
Speaker 1: wing sees is the left selling out the country and

702
00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:10,040
Speaker 1: it's war dead. Right, So yeah, do you just oh man, yeah,

703
00:37:10,239 --> 00:37:13,399
Speaker 1: I'm getting I feel like I'm feeling itchy on my back. Man.

704
00:37:13,520 --> 00:37:16,120
Speaker 1: You know, everyone knows where this is going, yes, bro,

705
00:37:16,880 --> 00:37:19,120
Speaker 1: Like and then and then the thing is this, it's

706
00:37:19,200 --> 00:37:21,799
Speaker 1: like in the same way that we call that y'all

707
00:37:21,840 --> 00:37:25,000
Speaker 1: call Bernie Sanders a radical leftist. I'm like talking about

708
00:37:25,200 --> 00:37:27,880
Speaker 1: Bernie Sanders talking about stuff that they do in Canada.

709
00:37:28,040 --> 00:37:30,960
Speaker 1: You know what I'm saying, the communist bastion of Canada,

710
00:37:31,080 --> 00:37:33,960
Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying, So like he ain't really

711
00:37:34,080 --> 00:37:36,960
Speaker 1: radically not really that you know what I'm saying, lightweight,

712
00:37:37,080 --> 00:37:39,640
Speaker 1: you know, And what I compare like a party to

713
00:37:39,840 --> 00:37:41,879
Speaker 1: like they're the Bidens or whatever. I'm not saying They're

714
00:37:41,920 --> 00:37:44,719
Speaker 1: politics are like it, it's like a comparative thing, like, yeah,

715
00:37:44,719 --> 00:37:47,400
Speaker 1: I get the scale. I totally I'm totally following the scale,

716
00:37:47,480 --> 00:37:50,920
Speaker 1: and I'm saying, yeah, in this scenario, it's like what

717
00:37:50,960 --> 00:37:56,359
Speaker 1: they're suggesting is reasonable. They you're not gonna get your money. Yeah,

718
00:37:56,840 --> 00:37:58,920
Speaker 1: they're not gonna get your money if you kill the Germans.

719
00:37:59,000 --> 00:38:01,279
Speaker 1: Let's bring them back to let them rebuild and will

720
00:38:01,280 --> 00:38:04,399
Speaker 1: eventually get paid if they please be like this, if

721
00:38:04,400 --> 00:38:06,799
Speaker 1: we never rehabilitate them. It's the same thing with like

722
00:38:07,200 --> 00:38:11,680
Speaker 1: with like prison reform exactly this like it's just gonna

723
00:38:11,760 --> 00:38:14,439
Speaker 1: keep No, we have to do this, this is reasonable.

724
00:38:14,840 --> 00:38:17,280
Speaker 1: We're not going to get the result that we both want.

725
00:38:17,520 --> 00:38:22,160
Speaker 1: So let me just and you Tom I'm selling you out. Okay,

726
00:38:22,320 --> 00:38:25,760
Speaker 1: I'm getting itchy. Yeah yeah, So the years that Cartel

727
00:38:25,880 --> 00:38:28,560
Speaker 1: is in power are basically a constant stream of outrage

728
00:38:28,600 --> 00:38:32,240
Speaker 1: porn for the now exploding right wing media ecosystem. Okay.

729
00:38:32,440 --> 00:38:37,719
Speaker 1: Newspapers like Action, Francois, Candied which means candid, Gringore, and

730
00:38:37,880 --> 00:38:41,280
Speaker 1: Jesuit Part two which means I Am everywhere reach hundreds

731
00:38:41,320 --> 00:38:44,720
Speaker 1: of thousands and eventually more than a million conservative French readers.

732
00:38:45,480 --> 00:38:48,360
Speaker 1: The first of these was Candide, which had been established

733
00:38:48,360 --> 00:38:50,920
Speaker 1: in eighteen sixty five and from the beginning was both

734
00:38:51,000 --> 00:38:54,879
Speaker 1: anti democratic and anti Semitic. When Communism kind of went

735
00:38:55,000 --> 00:38:58,799
Speaker 1: viral worldwide, it added a violently anti Communists to its repertoire.

736
00:38:59,320 --> 00:39:02,279
Speaker 1: Candeed is followed by Gringar, which was named after a

737
00:39:02,320 --> 00:39:06,319
Speaker 1: French journalist, and just Suite Part two was initially not

738
00:39:06,400 --> 00:39:09,320
Speaker 1: anti semitic or right wing, but throughout the nineteen twenties,

739
00:39:09,360 --> 00:39:11,600
Speaker 1: at the direction of its head editor, the paper got

740
00:39:11,640 --> 00:39:14,600
Speaker 1: more and more extreme. In the late twenties and early thirties,

741
00:39:14,640 --> 00:39:16,719
Speaker 1: it goes all in from Mussolini and it starts to

742
00:39:16,719 --> 00:39:19,840
Speaker 1: get progressively anti semitic, until by the late nineteen thirties

743
00:39:19,960 --> 00:39:22,319
Speaker 1: it was literally just a Nazi magazine. So these are

744
00:39:22,320 --> 00:39:31,000
Speaker 1: like the big the big names and right wing media candy, yeah, candy, gringo. Anyway,

745
00:39:31,320 --> 00:39:33,400
Speaker 1: So in the early years of the cartel, well, the

746
00:39:33,400 --> 00:39:36,480
Speaker 1: French left is like I think, objectively, being pretty reasonable.

747
00:39:36,680 --> 00:39:39,600
Speaker 1: The French right wing is losing its entire damn mind.

748
00:39:40,080 --> 00:39:43,040
Speaker 1: And as will again sound familiar to everyone, the right

749
00:39:43,040 --> 00:39:46,360
Speaker 1: wing reacts to the left having some success by forming

750
00:39:46,400 --> 00:39:48,839
Speaker 1: a system of violent street fighting gangs so they could

751
00:39:48,880 --> 00:39:51,600
Speaker 1: beat up their opponents in the streets. Um This was

752
00:39:51,640 --> 00:39:53,640
Speaker 1: of course part of a trend in Europe that exploded

753
00:39:53,640 --> 00:39:56,120
Speaker 1: from nineteen nineteen to nineteen twenty three or so. We've

754
00:39:56,160 --> 00:39:58,280
Speaker 1: talked about this both in the case of Italy and Germany.

755
00:39:58,680 --> 00:40:01,160
Speaker 1: Now again in France, there's less unrest and there's less

756
00:40:01,200 --> 00:40:03,400
Speaker 1: angry veterans who want to tear down to the state

757
00:40:03,480 --> 00:40:05,839
Speaker 1: because they in that state had won their war. So

758
00:40:05,880 --> 00:40:08,840
Speaker 1: it takes longer in France for a paramilitary culture to

759
00:40:08,840 --> 00:40:11,520
Speaker 1: really kick off. One of the most direct causes comes

760
00:40:11,520 --> 00:40:14,680
Speaker 1: in nineteen twenty four, as the study France and Fascism

761
00:40:14,760 --> 00:40:19,239
Speaker 1: by Brian Jenkins notes, the right suspicions about revolutionary and

762
00:40:19,320 --> 00:40:22,360
Speaker 1: anti national nature of the Cartel were apparently confirmed in

763
00:40:22,400 --> 00:40:25,719
Speaker 1: November nineteen twenty four, when the government sanctioned the internment

764
00:40:25,760 --> 00:40:29,000
Speaker 1: of the ashes of the socialist founding father Jean Jaure

765
00:40:29,320 --> 00:40:32,680
Speaker 1: and the Pantheon. While socialists and radicals led a cortage

766
00:40:32,680 --> 00:40:35,480
Speaker 1: to the Temple of the Republic, the conservative press focused

767
00:40:35,480 --> 00:40:38,719
Speaker 1: on a communist counter demonstration held in protest at the

768
00:40:38,719 --> 00:40:43,640
Speaker 1: parliamentary left hijacking of Jarre. The presence of noisy communists

769
00:40:43,640 --> 00:40:46,440
Speaker 1: in the streets with socialist and radical deputy suggested that

770
00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:49,200
Speaker 1: the cartel had accepted Bolsheviks into its ranks, and the

771
00:40:49,280 --> 00:40:52,799
Speaker 1: Chamber of Deputies right wing deputy Pierre Tattinger denounced the

772
00:40:52,880 --> 00:40:55,839
Speaker 1: revolutionary saturnalia of the day, which he claimed he had

773
00:40:55,840 --> 00:40:59,960
Speaker 1: witnessed a true outbreak of revolution from the international underworld

774
00:41:00,080 --> 00:41:03,239
Speaker 1: that infects France. Tadinger promised that if the government could

775
00:41:03,280 --> 00:41:06,200
Speaker 1: not take matters into hand, the leagues of public safety

776
00:41:06,200 --> 00:41:09,759
Speaker 1: are ready to defend and save are threatened society. Now

777
00:41:09,800 --> 00:41:13,600
Speaker 1: the leagues are these these militant organizations, the street organizations.

778
00:41:13,600 --> 00:41:17,399
Speaker 1: So what happens here is this socialist guy's ashes get

779
00:41:17,400 --> 00:41:19,319
Speaker 1: brought back to France. It's like founder of the French

780
00:41:19,360 --> 00:41:21,960
Speaker 1: Socialist Party and the socialists and the radicals. Is kind

781
00:41:21,960 --> 00:41:24,440
Speaker 1: of a demonstration of left unity. Have a have a

782
00:41:24,520 --> 00:41:29,120
Speaker 1: ceremony for this this dead socialist. The communists who hate

783
00:41:29,160 --> 00:41:32,080
Speaker 1: everybody who's not a communist have their own rally, and

784
00:41:32,080 --> 00:41:34,600
Speaker 1: they're more extreme, but they're very tiny, and they obviously

785
00:41:34,719 --> 00:41:37,399
Speaker 1: hate the rest of the left. The conservative media looks

786
00:41:37,440 --> 00:41:39,879
Speaker 1: at just the communist demonstration says, that's all of them,

787
00:41:39,880 --> 00:41:42,680
Speaker 1: that's the whole left. They're all like these guys again,

788
00:41:43,320 --> 00:41:48,759
Speaker 1: it's the same, nothing changes, nothing changes, you know, isn't

789
00:41:48,760 --> 00:41:51,839
Speaker 1: going to change me asking you to take an yep,

790
00:41:52,560 --> 00:41:59,319
Speaker 1: you know who won't uh radicalize the French right over

791
00:41:59,360 --> 00:42:05,920
Speaker 1: anti semit has m based on communist demonstrations taken out

792
00:42:05,920 --> 00:42:10,920
Speaker 1: of context. Yeah, man, hopefully these uh, these other podcasts,

793
00:42:11,000 --> 00:42:21,480
Speaker 1: these other podcasts or whatever advertising to that. What grows

794
00:42:21,520 --> 00:42:25,000
Speaker 1: in the forest trees, Sure, no, what else grows in

795
00:42:25,040 --> 00:42:28,879
Speaker 1: the forest, our imagination, our sense of wonder, and our

796
00:42:28,920 --> 00:42:32,200
Speaker 1: family bonds grow too, because when we disconnect from this

797
00:42:34,640 --> 00:42:39,279
Speaker 1: and connect with this, we reconnect with each other. The

798
00:42:39,400 --> 00:42:42,399
Speaker 1: forest is closer than you think. Find a forest near

799
00:42:42,480 --> 00:42:45,680
Speaker 1: you and start exploring. I Discover the Forest dot Org

800
00:42:46,040 --> 00:42:48,600
Speaker 1: brought to you by the United States Forest Service and

801
00:42:48,680 --> 00:42:52,960
Speaker 1: the AD Council. Hi, I'm Robert laund and I'm Joe McCormick,

802
00:42:53,040 --> 00:42:55,480
Speaker 1: and we're the hosts of the science podcast Stuff to

803
00:42:55,480 --> 00:42:58,080
Speaker 1: Blow Your Mind, where every week we get to explore

804
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Speaker 1: some of the weirdest questions in the universe, like if

805
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Speaker 1: sci fi teleportation was possible, how would it square with

806
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807
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Speaker 1: we find evidence of emotions in animals like bees, ants,

808
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809
00:43:16,560 --> 00:43:20,640
Speaker 1: will exist? Stuff to Blow Your Mind examines neurological quandaries,

810
00:43:20,840 --> 00:43:25,920
Speaker 1: cosmic mysteries, evolutionary marvels, and the wonders of techno history. Basically,

811
00:43:26,080 --> 00:43:29,080
Speaker 1: this show is the altar where we worship the weirdness

812
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813
00:43:31,920 --> 00:43:35,040
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814
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Speaker 1: the place where you belong. The Stuff to Blow Your

815
00:43:37,719 --> 00:43:41,640
Speaker 1: Mind podcast new episodes publish every Tuesday and Thursday, with

816
00:43:41,719 --> 00:43:44,719
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817
00:43:44,719 --> 00:43:47,480
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818
00:43:47,520 --> 00:43:52,000
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819
00:43:52,239 --> 00:43:55,120
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820
00:43:55,239 --> 00:43:58,520
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821
00:43:58,800 --> 00:44:01,160
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822
00:44:01,400 --> 00:44:05,560
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823
00:44:05,560 --> 00:44:08,640
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824
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826
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827
00:44:18,480 --> 00:44:24,040
Speaker 1: States Forest Service and the ad Council. Alright, we're back.

828
00:44:24,200 --> 00:44:26,319
Speaker 1: So this guy, I know you're gonna say that, Yeah,

829
00:44:26,640 --> 00:44:30,280
Speaker 1: you get your own gay. So this guy, Pere Tattinger,

830
00:44:30,719 --> 00:44:32,759
Speaker 1: who will talk about in a bit, is a big

831
00:44:32,760 --> 00:44:35,440
Speaker 1: advocate of these leagues, these right wing street fighting gangs,

832
00:44:35,440 --> 00:44:39,359
Speaker 1: and he keeps like for years afterwards. He will talk

833
00:44:39,360 --> 00:44:43,560
Speaker 1: about in November ninet this like one communist rally as

834
00:44:43,600 --> 00:44:45,680
Speaker 1: and use it as like the whole reason why the

835
00:44:45,800 --> 00:44:48,959
Speaker 1: entire left needs to be defeated. Um and a lot

836
00:44:49,080 --> 00:44:51,920
Speaker 1: of like a huge chunk of Catholics and nationalists in

837
00:44:51,960 --> 00:44:55,480
Speaker 1: France believe that like, based on again this one demonstration,

838
00:44:55,760 --> 00:44:59,600
Speaker 1: a communist revolution is like right about to happen now,

839
00:44:59,760 --> 00:45:02,080
Speaker 1: so this was made worse by the fact that the

840
00:45:02,120 --> 00:45:05,719
Speaker 1: mid nineteen sufferance suffering economic contraction that, while not as

841
00:45:05,719 --> 00:45:08,640
Speaker 1: severe as the one experienced by Germany, was pretty bad.

842
00:45:09,040 --> 00:45:11,080
Speaker 1: Now you mix that in with the declining birth rate,

843
00:45:11,200 --> 00:45:14,120
Speaker 1: and as Brian Jenkins rights quote, in comparison to the

844
00:45:14,200 --> 00:45:18,239
Speaker 1: dynamic and youthful regimes abroad such as Mussolini's Italian Fascist State,

845
00:45:18,520 --> 00:45:21,400
Speaker 1: the Republic did not seem fit for purpose. Sections of

846
00:45:21,440 --> 00:45:24,239
Speaker 1: the right thus looked for a solution beyond the institutions

847
00:45:24,239 --> 00:45:27,720
Speaker 1: of the regime to violent extra parliamentary groups known as leagues.

848
00:45:28,320 --> 00:45:31,040
Speaker 1: So France is having trouble here, and the right, rather

849
00:45:31,080 --> 00:45:33,520
Speaker 1: than like trying to take any accurate stock of things,

850
00:45:33,600 --> 00:45:36,359
Speaker 1: looks at the propaganda coming out of the Italian Fascist State,

851
00:45:36,400 --> 00:45:38,719
Speaker 1: which is not accurate, and it's like, see, everything is

852
00:45:38,719 --> 00:45:42,840
Speaker 1: great in Italy. Why don't we do that? Oh my god, yeah,

853
00:45:43,040 --> 00:45:47,760
Speaker 1: oh my god, dude, it's great. Uh So, the leagues

854
00:45:47,800 --> 00:45:50,240
Speaker 1: are not quite like the black Shirts or the Free Corps.

855
00:45:50,239 --> 00:45:52,480
Speaker 1: They're not heavily armed. Most of them are veterans, but

856
00:45:52,480 --> 00:45:55,360
Speaker 1: they don't have like machine guns generally and like massive

857
00:45:55,400 --> 00:45:58,800
Speaker 1: Like they're not private armies. They're groups of combat veterans

858
00:45:58,840 --> 00:46:01,360
Speaker 1: generally who want to like drink and fight in the

859
00:46:01,400 --> 00:46:04,440
Speaker 1: streets against the left. One of the first leagues was

860
00:46:04,480 --> 00:46:07,840
Speaker 1: founded by that Pierre Tattinger, and he called them the

861
00:46:07,920 --> 00:46:11,480
Speaker 1: Juness Patriots or the Young Patriots, and they were initially

862
00:46:11,520 --> 00:46:13,799
Speaker 1: the youth wing of the League of Patriots, which was

863
00:46:13,920 --> 00:46:19,799
Speaker 1: a political organization the same it's it's yeah, the young Republicans, right,

864
00:46:19,920 --> 00:46:24,480
Speaker 1: turn the point USA or whatever. Patriots like, they're all

865
00:46:24,520 --> 00:46:30,359
Speaker 1: proud boys, you know, they're all proud, proud boys. So

866
00:46:30,520 --> 00:46:32,960
Speaker 1: a lot of people on the left recognize the League's

867
00:46:33,000 --> 00:46:36,520
Speaker 1: as a threat um and they are. One French leftist

868
00:46:36,640 --> 00:46:39,680
Speaker 1: Louver noted that since Mussolini's March on Rome, one could

869
00:46:39,760 --> 00:46:41,880
Speaker 1: no longer so much as walk in the street without

870
00:46:41,880 --> 00:46:44,040
Speaker 1: wearing a colored shirt. You know. He's talking about like

871
00:46:44,120 --> 00:46:45,960
Speaker 1: they've got you've got the black shirts in Rome, the

872
00:46:46,000 --> 00:46:47,799
Speaker 1: brown search in Germany, and now like all of our

873
00:46:47,840 --> 00:46:50,200
Speaker 1: guys have their own shirts, their own colored shirts for

874
00:46:50,239 --> 00:46:53,600
Speaker 1: each league's and he warns that. Louver warns that if

875
00:46:53,640 --> 00:46:56,640
Speaker 1: these leagues were able to like stop fighting each other

876
00:46:56,680 --> 00:46:59,959
Speaker 1: over petty bullshit and could unite under a single charismatic leader,

877
00:47:00,760 --> 00:47:02,920
Speaker 1: the way would be open for what he called the

878
00:47:03,000 --> 00:47:06,480
Speaker 1: rule of castor Oil and the grenade. So like, basically,

879
00:47:06,520 --> 00:47:08,640
Speaker 1: we've got all these fascists. If they could unify behind

880
00:47:08,719 --> 00:47:11,720
Speaker 1: one guy, we're in trouble. You know, there's the castor

881
00:47:11,760 --> 00:47:15,200
Speaker 1: oil again. Yeah, it's a real thing in this period.

882
00:47:15,920 --> 00:47:20,440
Speaker 1: So in this the left wing fear was you know, accurate, reasonable,

883
00:47:20,440 --> 00:47:24,080
Speaker 1: but perhaps a bit premature. The French leagues regularly reprinted

884
00:47:24,080 --> 00:47:27,359
Speaker 1: fascist brockpaganda and definitely admired the black Shirts, but they

885
00:47:27,360 --> 00:47:29,840
Speaker 1: were also French, and if you know anything about France,

886
00:47:29,840 --> 00:47:32,000
Speaker 1: it's that France kind of hates the idea of other

887
00:47:32,000 --> 00:47:35,279
Speaker 1: people's cultures coming into France and gaining influence. They are

888
00:47:35,440 --> 00:47:38,960
Speaker 1: very proud of being French, and even French proto fascists,

889
00:47:38,960 --> 00:47:42,239
Speaker 1: like their Spanish counterparts, were kind of didn't like, would

890
00:47:42,320 --> 00:47:45,960
Speaker 1: argue that they didn't want fascism because fascisms with foreign ideology, right,

891
00:47:46,160 --> 00:47:48,280
Speaker 1: we were extreme rightists, but we want our own French

892
00:47:48,400 --> 00:47:50,280
Speaker 1: version of that. We don't want to like steal from Italy.

893
00:47:50,280 --> 00:47:52,360
Speaker 1: We're France, We're better than that. I was like, that's pretty,

894
00:47:52,360 --> 00:47:55,680
Speaker 1: that's pretty on brand France. Yeah, it's very rand France,

895
00:47:55,880 --> 00:48:00,319
Speaker 1: very France. Yea, So one scholar named Dobris. Is this

896
00:48:00,440 --> 00:48:03,759
Speaker 1: the dilemma of the authoritarian nationalist, which is the fact

897
00:48:03,760 --> 00:48:07,640
Speaker 1: that nationalists want to be authentically of their nation because

898
00:48:07,640 --> 00:48:12,200
Speaker 1: fascism tends to gain power by reacting against purported foreign influence. Um.

899
00:48:12,239 --> 00:48:14,520
Speaker 1: But at the same time they want to imitate successful

900
00:48:14,560 --> 00:48:16,920
Speaker 1: authoritarians abroad, and this creates a problem for a lot

901
00:48:16,920 --> 00:48:19,080
Speaker 1: of fascists. We again, we saw the same thing in France.

902
00:48:19,680 --> 00:48:22,480
Speaker 1: Now the struggle within the French right over this continued

903
00:48:22,520 --> 00:48:24,920
Speaker 1: through the mid nineteen twenties while the Leagues went through

904
00:48:24,920 --> 00:48:28,560
Speaker 1: what Dobri calls an apprenticeship period to the Fascist International.

905
00:48:28,920 --> 00:48:32,120
Speaker 1: So the French Shire behind the German and Italian fascist

906
00:48:32,160 --> 00:48:35,279
Speaker 1: they're not as as quick. They're kind of learning from them, right,

907
00:48:35,280 --> 00:48:38,960
Speaker 1: and they're slower on the uptake as a result. Um. Now,

908
00:48:39,000 --> 00:48:41,280
Speaker 1: because a lot of awful lot of French League members

909
00:48:41,280 --> 00:48:43,920
Speaker 1: were veterans, the League's benefited from what became known as

910
00:48:43,960 --> 00:48:47,520
Speaker 1: the veterans mystique, which was a near worship in France

911
00:48:47,520 --> 00:48:50,880
Speaker 1: of what we're called the Front generation. People celebrated the

912
00:48:50,880 --> 00:48:54,600
Speaker 1: trench ocracy, which is like the democracy of the trenches. Right. Um,

913
00:48:54,600 --> 00:48:56,799
Speaker 1: this is huge in Europe. It's not just in France,

914
00:48:56,840 --> 00:48:59,000
Speaker 1: because in Germany, Hitler makes a lot of hay out

915
00:48:59,000 --> 00:49:01,000
Speaker 1: of the fact that he'd been a corporal in the trenches,

916
00:49:01,040 --> 00:49:04,200
Speaker 1: not like an officer or a nobleman, but a normal soldier. Um.

917
00:49:04,239 --> 00:49:06,960
Speaker 1: But I think Americans can understand how like right wing

918
00:49:07,040 --> 00:49:10,520
Speaker 1: groups can use veneration of veterans as a way to

919
00:49:10,880 --> 00:49:16,520
Speaker 1: push their own radical lens. You know. Um yeah. Brian

920
00:49:16,600 --> 00:49:19,080
Speaker 1: Jenkins writes about how one right wing fire brand named

921
00:49:19,120 --> 00:49:22,880
Speaker 1: The Law used the idea of the pure trench warrior. Quote.

922
00:49:23,120 --> 00:49:25,920
Speaker 1: The Law warned veterans that the Republic had sabotaged the

923
00:49:25,960 --> 00:49:28,719
Speaker 1: hard won gains of the war. Only the installation of

924
00:49:28,719 --> 00:49:32,239
Speaker 1: a fascist and dictatorial combatant state would restore France to

925
00:49:32,400 --> 00:49:36,240
Speaker 1: the politics of victory. Likewise, the Young Patriots leader Tatinger

926
00:49:36,480 --> 00:49:38,919
Speaker 1: extolled the virtue of the new elite born of war.

927
00:49:39,200 --> 00:49:42,000
Speaker 1: His group alleged that the cartel had sabotaged the fruits

928
00:49:42,040 --> 00:49:44,839
Speaker 1: of the war and clipped the wings of victory. These

929
00:49:44,920 --> 00:49:48,600
Speaker 1: leagues were not attracted solely to the veterans supposed moral quantities.

930
00:49:48,800 --> 00:49:51,920
Speaker 1: Only veterans were purported to join the Young Patriots, Iron

931
00:49:52,000 --> 00:49:56,960
Speaker 1: Brigade and the Legions, both elite paramilitary action squads. Now,

932
00:49:56,960 --> 00:49:59,719
Speaker 1: obviously most veterans don't join the League's uh, and a

933
00:49:59,719 --> 00:50:03,359
Speaker 1: lot of them also joined communist veterans organizations. But the

934
00:50:03,400 --> 00:50:06,040
Speaker 1: worship of veterans and the idea that the sacrifices of

935
00:50:06,120 --> 00:50:08,759
Speaker 1: nineteen eighteen had been betrayed by the leftist leaders of

936
00:50:08,760 --> 00:50:11,600
Speaker 1: France becomes a popular right wing rallying cry in the

937
00:50:11,600 --> 00:50:15,440
Speaker 1: mid twenties. Throughout this whole period, the right press continues

938
00:50:15,480 --> 00:50:17,120
Speaker 1: to gin up a desire for the blood of their

939
00:50:17,160 --> 00:50:21,440
Speaker 1: political opponents. One right wing journalist, politician, and street organizer

940
00:50:21,520 --> 00:50:25,440
Speaker 1: named Charles Morris was jailed in nineteen five for threatening

941
00:50:25,480 --> 00:50:27,920
Speaker 1: to have the Minister of the Interior killed like a

942
00:50:28,000 --> 00:50:32,560
Speaker 1: dog if police kept at harrassing the leads. O. Lord, Yeah,

943
00:50:32,760 --> 00:50:35,640
Speaker 1: there's a couple Marjorie Taylor Green or whatever her name is,

944
00:50:35,680 --> 00:50:37,440
Speaker 1: the Q and on lady who's talking about that Jewish

945
00:50:37,440 --> 00:50:41,120
Speaker 1: space later and probably helped carry out and incite and

946
00:50:41,200 --> 00:50:45,920
Speaker 1: advise that sees the jew laser. Yeah, that that that lady.

947
00:50:46,000 --> 00:50:50,400
Speaker 1: There's like three of her in France in this period, Okay,

948
00:50:50,560 --> 00:50:52,840
Speaker 1: and Mars is kind of one of them. Now, Mars

949
00:50:52,880 --> 00:50:55,200
Speaker 1: is an interesting guy. He was born a monarchist and

950
00:50:55,280 --> 00:50:58,400
Speaker 1: it is what we would probably call a Catholic fascist today.

951
00:50:58,960 --> 00:51:01,800
Speaker 1: His earliest politic call memory was the was the French

952
00:51:01,840 --> 00:51:04,239
Speaker 1: defeat in the Franco Prussian War, which seems to have

953
00:51:04,280 --> 00:51:06,840
Speaker 1: fueled a lot of his anti left hatred later in life.

954
00:51:07,080 --> 00:51:10,160
Speaker 1: He became an anti democratic activist in the eighteen nineties,

955
00:51:10,200 --> 00:51:12,440
Speaker 1: and then came the Dreyfus affair, and of course Maris

956
00:51:12,480 --> 00:51:14,680
Speaker 1: is a dry fuss Art. He believes that Dryfus is

957
00:51:14,680 --> 00:51:17,880
Speaker 1: guilty because he's Jewish, and he grows increasingly anti Semitic

958
00:51:17,920 --> 00:51:21,280
Speaker 1: after the Dryfus affair. In eighteen ninety nine, he founds

959
00:51:21,280 --> 00:51:26,200
Speaker 1: a newspaper uh Action France, which literally means French Action,

960
00:51:26,320 --> 00:51:27,959
Speaker 1: and yes it does sound kind of like a porn.

961
00:51:28,520 --> 00:51:31,560
Speaker 1: His magazine becomes very influential among the French right wing,

962
00:51:31,640 --> 00:51:34,680
Speaker 1: and Marius uses his influence to, among other things, convince

963
00:51:34,719 --> 00:51:37,840
Speaker 1: a lot of conservatives that destroying democracy and going full

964
00:51:37,880 --> 00:51:40,560
Speaker 1: monarchy is the right thing to do. He writes an

965
00:51:40,600 --> 00:51:44,080
Speaker 1: article in eighteen ninety nine titled Dictator and King that's

966
00:51:44,080 --> 00:51:48,760
Speaker 1: about how we should have a dictator king and Franciso yeah, yeah,

967
00:51:49,239 --> 00:51:52,319
Speaker 1: you know what France's problem is not enough kings, you know,

968
00:51:52,400 --> 00:51:58,319
Speaker 1: what remember, we has served him. Yeah, and peddle back

969
00:51:58,360 --> 00:52:01,840
Speaker 1: to that. Let's go back to that. That was amazing Ricketts.

970
00:52:02,160 --> 00:52:05,480
Speaker 1: In nineteen o five, Mars starts writing articles about how

971
00:52:05,520 --> 00:52:07,440
Speaker 1: swell it would be for the right wing to create

972
00:52:07,520 --> 00:52:11,080
Speaker 1: extra legal paramilitary organizations and have them do a coutaita.

973
00:52:11,719 --> 00:52:14,719
Speaker 1: When the league's rose up, Mars was thrilled, and soon

974
00:52:14,800 --> 00:52:18,760
Speaker 1: Action Francais or Front the French Action, has its own league.

975
00:52:18,880 --> 00:52:21,120
Speaker 1: When Mars goes to jail for threatening to murder a

976
00:52:21,160 --> 00:52:23,680
Speaker 1: member of the government, his business partner at the newspaper

977
00:52:23,760 --> 00:52:25,839
Speaker 1: says this to a gathering of their followers in nine

978
00:52:27,239 --> 00:52:29,479
Speaker 1: if Mars were wounded or hit, I would at once

979
00:52:29,560 --> 00:52:33,400
Speaker 1: give orders to have the ministers of the Republic immediately assassinated.

980
00:52:33,840 --> 00:52:37,600
Speaker 1: So like the right wing isn't just like dog whistling violence,

981
00:52:37,640 --> 00:52:39,440
Speaker 1: So like we should kill them all, we should kill

982
00:52:39,480 --> 00:52:43,160
Speaker 1: everyone on the left. Yes, it's like like the American

983
00:52:43,280 --> 00:52:46,960
Speaker 1: right now. So what do you so in what what

984
00:52:47,080 --> 00:52:49,880
Speaker 1: way do you mean? I mean, I mean we shoot

985
00:52:49,960 --> 00:52:56,440
Speaker 1: them today, we kill them, yeah, yeah, it's why. And

986
00:52:56,400 --> 00:52:58,400
Speaker 1: then it's the same as what's been had, what happened

987
00:52:58,440 --> 00:53:01,200
Speaker 1: ahead of the sixth you know, now obviously Marris and

988
00:53:01,280 --> 00:53:03,480
Speaker 1: his business partner were not alone in their calls for

989
00:53:03,600 --> 00:53:05,960
Speaker 1: violence against the left. I'm gonna quote from France and

990
00:53:06,000 --> 00:53:09,680
Speaker 1: fascism here. Such calls to violence often went unheeded, and

991
00:53:09,800 --> 00:53:12,279
Speaker 1: law and order were not threatened to the extent. Scene

992
00:53:12,280 --> 00:53:15,720
Speaker 1: in Germany and Italy, however, low level physical violence was common.

993
00:53:15,920 --> 00:53:19,520
Speaker 1: Newspaper sellers from rival organizations regularly came to blows in

994
00:53:19,520 --> 00:53:23,239
Speaker 1: the street, while political meetings were frequently the scene of violence. Furthermore,

995
00:53:23,320 --> 00:53:25,680
Speaker 1: despite their claims to stand for authority in order, the

996
00:53:25,760 --> 00:53:28,839
Speaker 1: leagues could fight with the police. To the French actions

997
00:53:28,840 --> 00:53:32,200
Speaker 1: created mayhem in the Latin Quarter and beyond beating political

998
00:53:32,200 --> 00:53:35,960
Speaker 1: opponents and reveling in confrontations with the police. Meanwhile, a

999
00:53:36,000 --> 00:53:39,320
Speaker 1: young Patriots leaguer died in March nineteen six during fighting

1000
00:53:39,320 --> 00:53:42,080
Speaker 1: with police at a demonstration against the Minister of the Interior,

1001
00:53:42,360 --> 00:53:47,840
Speaker 1: Louis Malvi. So they these organizations are kind of recruiting

1002
00:53:47,840 --> 00:53:49,959
Speaker 1: and growing because they're fighting with the left and they're

1003
00:53:49,960 --> 00:53:53,760
Speaker 1: fighting with the cops right now. In most of France,

1004
00:53:53,920 --> 00:53:57,280
Speaker 1: the armed paramilitary start to decline in popularity after nineteen

1005
00:53:58,239 --> 00:54:01,640
Speaker 1: and in France they mostly faded into the background, temporarily

1006
00:54:01,719 --> 00:54:05,400
Speaker 1: by nineteen twenty six, after two years of regular street brawls,

1007
00:54:06,160 --> 00:54:08,440
Speaker 1: they left behind them, in the words of some scholars,

1008
00:54:08,520 --> 00:54:12,800
Speaker 1: a culture of violent rhetoric, uniformed politics, and street fighting

1009
00:54:13,000 --> 00:54:17,160
Speaker 1: right which again very similar violent rhetoric, uniformed politics, and

1010
00:54:17,200 --> 00:54:20,839
Speaker 1: street fighting. The proud Bols know it's proud um. Now,

1011
00:54:20,920 --> 00:54:23,240
Speaker 1: this was not the end of violent unrest in France.

1012
00:54:23,280 --> 00:54:26,279
Speaker 1: Just to pause, because in nineteen six a new Conservative

1013
00:54:26,320 --> 00:54:28,719
Speaker 1: government gets elected and the cartel comes to an end.

1014
00:54:28,960 --> 00:54:31,320
Speaker 1: So that's why the league's kind of fade after twenty

1015
00:54:31,320 --> 00:54:34,000
Speaker 1: six is the Conservatives get elected again. It comes a

1016
00:54:34,080 --> 00:54:40,480
Speaker 1: home game again, okay exactly yep. And the reason the

1017
00:54:40,560 --> 00:54:42,799
Speaker 1: right wins in nineteen twenty six is that the left

1018
00:54:42,800 --> 00:54:45,760
Speaker 1: has fractured again. The Communist launch a series of attacks

1019
00:54:45,760 --> 00:54:49,400
Speaker 1: against the Socialists, who they call social fascists in fighting

1020
00:54:49,480 --> 00:54:53,279
Speaker 1: causes the less to temporarily dissolve this meaningful opposition, and

1021
00:54:53,320 --> 00:54:55,120
Speaker 1: this meant the League's also had a lot less of

1022
00:54:55,120 --> 00:54:58,000
Speaker 1: a reason to exist. Big business that's spent the previous

1023
00:54:58,040 --> 00:55:00,440
Speaker 1: four years pumping money into the far right, and they

1024
00:55:00,520 --> 00:55:03,480
Speaker 1: withdraw their financial support after twenty six, which causes the

1025
00:55:03,560 --> 00:55:06,480
Speaker 1: leagues to collapse. So the leagues are floated by rich

1026
00:55:06,560 --> 00:55:09,640
Speaker 1: businessmen who then like, well, now conservatives are in power again,

1027
00:55:09,680 --> 00:55:12,879
Speaker 1: we don't we don't want street games anymore. Yeah. So

1028
00:55:13,480 --> 00:55:15,600
Speaker 1: the temporary fall of the League's and the victory of

1029
00:55:15,640 --> 00:55:18,080
Speaker 1: the center right did not mean the fever swamps of

1030
00:55:18,080 --> 00:55:22,120
Speaker 1: far right media ceased operation, and no magazine or newspaper

1031
00:55:22,200 --> 00:55:25,279
Speaker 1: was more influential than French action from a right up

1032
00:55:25,360 --> 00:55:28,800
Speaker 1: end of all things. The Harvard Crimson quote it collected

1033
00:55:28,840 --> 00:55:32,360
Speaker 1: within itsels the inheritors of a tradition of nationalist, monarchist

1034
00:55:32,400 --> 00:55:35,799
Speaker 1: and reactionary thought extending back almost a hundred years. It

1035
00:55:35,880 --> 00:55:38,640
Speaker 1: was no mere cabal of a moral big businessman, such

1036
00:55:38,640 --> 00:55:42,200
Speaker 1: as supported the so called Committee France alec Main and

1037
00:55:42,239 --> 00:55:44,759
Speaker 1: the ultra conservative Grand Press, but a meeting place for

1038
00:55:44,800 --> 00:55:47,840
Speaker 1: distinguished and gifted intellectuals whose disdain for the republic was

1039
00:55:47,880 --> 00:55:52,360
Speaker 1: wholly disinterested, the result of literary and philosophical predispositions, not

1040
00:55:52,520 --> 00:55:56,560
Speaker 1: any desire to safeguard financial investments. So again, the far

1041
00:55:56,680 --> 00:55:59,160
Speaker 1: right in the in the period where the left is

1042
00:55:59,160 --> 00:56:03,600
Speaker 1: in control, is did by businessmen who are safeguarding their investments. Right,

1043
00:56:03,640 --> 00:56:05,880
Speaker 1: and that's why they want to fight socialists in the street.

1044
00:56:06,200 --> 00:56:09,360
Speaker 1: But the guy's propagandizing to the far right are true believers.

1045
00:56:09,400 --> 00:56:12,640
Speaker 1: It's not about money for them, It's about fascist you

1046
00:56:12,719 --> 00:56:16,879
Speaker 1: know about the thing? Okay, yeah so, and Mars being

1047
00:56:16,960 --> 00:56:20,200
Speaker 1: a monarchist is only marginally happier under a conservative government

1048
00:56:20,200 --> 00:56:22,520
Speaker 1: than liberal one. The king is still gone and he

1049
00:56:22,600 --> 00:56:25,000
Speaker 1: wants a fucking king. So throughout the years of right

1050
00:56:25,000 --> 00:56:27,480
Speaker 1: wing power in France, he continues to advocate for an

1051
00:56:27,600 --> 00:56:30,360
Speaker 1: armed coup is the only way to bring back the monarchy.

1052
00:56:30,480 --> 00:56:32,200
Speaker 1: It would have been easy for people in the left

1053
00:56:32,239 --> 00:56:35,080
Speaker 1: and mistake he and his followers for isolated loons, and

1054
00:56:35,160 --> 00:56:38,279
Speaker 1: a lot of people in the center particularly did. Then

1055
00:56:38,320 --> 00:56:41,360
Speaker 1: the global economy crashed, and in France it crashes with

1056
00:56:41,440 --> 00:56:44,040
Speaker 1: the right wing and power. And May of nineteen thirty

1057
00:56:44,040 --> 00:56:47,360
Speaker 1: two the left wins again. Their victory is again enabled

1058
00:56:47,360 --> 00:56:50,080
Speaker 1: by the fact that the radicals who are the moderates,

1059
00:56:50,280 --> 00:56:52,879
Speaker 1: ally with the socialists again to avoid splitting the left

1060
00:56:52,880 --> 00:56:55,840
Speaker 1: wing vote. So left continuously wins in France and Spain,

1061
00:56:56,239 --> 00:57:00,319
Speaker 1: uh and Germany when the left and the center left

1062
00:57:00,320 --> 00:57:05,120
Speaker 1: are willing to like work together electorally right um and

1063
00:57:05,160 --> 00:57:07,960
Speaker 1: the right is obviously enraged and terrified by what was

1064
00:57:08,000 --> 00:57:11,000
Speaker 1: surely a prelude to full on Stalinism. Now, I just

1065
00:57:11,040 --> 00:57:14,840
Speaker 1: said that, like the left consistently wins elections in Europe

1066
00:57:14,840 --> 00:57:17,439
Speaker 1: against the right in this period when you know they're

1067
00:57:17,440 --> 00:57:20,080
Speaker 1: all willing to work together. The problem with the far

1068
00:57:20,160 --> 00:57:22,360
Speaker 1: left and the center left working together is the same

1069
00:57:22,400 --> 00:57:24,920
Speaker 1: thing that we're seeing now under Biden. Liberals and the

1070
00:57:25,000 --> 00:57:27,480
Speaker 1: left can never get their ship together to agree on anything,

1071
00:57:27,520 --> 00:57:30,000
Speaker 1: and in France they can't put aside their differences to

1072
00:57:30,040 --> 00:57:32,440
Speaker 1: get a basic aid package together to help people with

1073
00:57:32,440 --> 00:57:36,479
Speaker 1: the depression, which again does not sound at all familiar. Yeah,

1074
00:57:36,800 --> 00:57:40,760
Speaker 1: there's my back tingle again. Yeah. So the socialist demand

1075
00:57:40,800 --> 00:57:43,919
Speaker 1: direct aid for the unemployed, while the radicals worry about

1076
00:57:43,960 --> 00:57:46,000
Speaker 1: the deficit and think that it's much more important to

1077
00:57:46,040 --> 00:57:53,760
Speaker 1: balance the budget exact thing, Okay, the radicals, who are centrists,

1078
00:57:53,920 --> 00:57:57,040
Speaker 1: their best idea is, of course austerity cuts in wages

1079
00:57:57,040 --> 00:58:00,480
Speaker 1: for public workers. The intractable debate between the socialists in

1080
00:58:00,480 --> 00:58:03,560
Speaker 1: the radicals leads to a series of different liberal left governments. Obviously,

1081
00:58:03,600 --> 00:58:05,480
Speaker 1: it's like a parliamentary system, so you can have votes

1082
00:58:05,520 --> 00:58:07,920
Speaker 1: of no confidence, you dissolve the government, you bring in

1083
00:58:07,920 --> 00:58:10,880
Speaker 1: a new government, new ministers. This happens a number of times,

1084
00:58:10,920 --> 00:58:13,440
Speaker 1: and none of these governments are able to actually help people,

1085
00:58:13,680 --> 00:58:18,200
Speaker 1: and the French economy spirals downhill. The right wing correspondingly

1086
00:58:18,560 --> 00:58:21,280
Speaker 1: surges and it unifies behind the thing the right wing

1087
00:58:21,360 --> 00:58:24,200
Speaker 1: does best, picking up weapons and making death threats to

1088
00:58:24,200 --> 00:58:27,360
Speaker 1: people they disagree with. The leagues that had remained functional

1089
00:58:27,400 --> 00:58:30,800
Speaker 1: after nineteen six, namely French Action and the Young Patriots

1090
00:58:31,000 --> 00:58:33,880
Speaker 1: see a swell in their membership. They're soon joined by

1091
00:58:33,920 --> 00:58:37,120
Speaker 1: new leagues. In June of nineteen thirty three, a perfume

1092
00:58:37,200 --> 00:58:41,200
Speaker 1: magnate and fascist named Coti forms his own paramilitary group,

1093
00:58:41,360 --> 00:58:44,840
Speaker 1: which he uses to spread anti Republican authoritarian propaganda and

1094
00:58:44,880 --> 00:58:47,120
Speaker 1: pushes this through the newspaper that he owns as well.

1095
00:58:47,560 --> 00:58:51,280
Speaker 1: By February of nineteen thirty four, the Perfume Guys paramilitary

1096
00:58:51,320 --> 00:58:54,800
Speaker 1: gang slash newspaper is the most influential and largest fascist

1097
00:58:54,800 --> 00:58:58,120
Speaker 1: movement in France. Are you saying perfume? Yeah, he's a

1098
00:58:58,160 --> 00:59:02,840
Speaker 1: perfume guy. Like France's most influential fascist gang leader is

1099
00:59:02,840 --> 00:59:06,600
Speaker 1: a perfume dude, the guy that like fragrance. Okay, I

1100
00:59:06,640 --> 00:59:09,960
Speaker 1: was big into the fragrance business. Yeah, this is again

1101
00:59:10,080 --> 00:59:13,400
Speaker 1: pretty on brand, pretty on brand. Cody's men wore blue

1102
00:59:13,400 --> 00:59:15,640
Speaker 1: shirts and lots of leather, and one has to assume

1103
00:59:15,760 --> 00:59:20,680
Speaker 1: smelled incredible. Yeah, it sound like they probably looked amazing too.

1104
00:59:20,920 --> 00:59:24,840
Speaker 1: I'm sure they did. Yeah. Now, another fascist French guy

1105
00:59:24,920 --> 00:59:28,400
Speaker 1: named Marcel Bouchard starts a league called the Francists in

1106
00:59:28,440 --> 00:59:33,320
Speaker 1: the September of ninety three. Bouchard repeatedly praised foreign fascist governments,

1107
00:59:33,400 --> 00:59:35,800
Speaker 1: and he was famous for making long speeches about the

1108
00:59:35,840 --> 00:59:40,720
Speaker 1: almost sexual love he had for his revolver. Again, another

1109
00:59:40,760 --> 00:59:43,360
Speaker 1: Marjorie Taylor Green right, like I'm gonna take my clock

1110
00:59:43,360 --> 00:59:45,640
Speaker 1: into congress kind of guy. It's the same fucking ship.

1111
00:59:45,800 --> 00:59:49,000
Speaker 1: Just the worship of weapons and such. And then of

1112
00:59:49,040 --> 00:59:51,080
Speaker 1: course there's the Craw the Few, which is like the

1113
00:59:51,120 --> 00:59:53,720
Speaker 1: cross of Fire. This is an organization that had been

1114
00:59:53,760 --> 00:59:56,520
Speaker 1: founded as a veterans association for men who had been

1115
00:59:56,560 --> 00:59:59,080
Speaker 1: decorated for bravery and combat. So all of the crawl,

1116
00:59:59,160 --> 01:00:03,000
Speaker 1: if you, the Cossa firemen are like not just combat veterans,

1117
01:00:03,000 --> 01:00:05,720
Speaker 1: but men who have been particularly awarded for their courage

1118
01:00:05,800 --> 01:00:11,600
Speaker 1: under fire. So it's not founded necessarily as a right wing,

1119
01:00:11,680 --> 01:00:15,400
Speaker 1: radical militant organization, but it becomes one very quickly. Its

1120
01:00:15,480 --> 01:00:17,960
Speaker 1: leader is a guy named Colonel Laroq, and he holds

1121
01:00:18,000 --> 01:00:20,440
Speaker 1: military style parades and is not afraid to use his

1122
01:00:20,480 --> 01:00:22,720
Speaker 1: men as a political cudgel. And the way their organized

1123
01:00:22,800 --> 01:00:24,800
Speaker 1: is actually pretty genius. They have at their height about

1124
01:00:24,840 --> 01:00:27,680
Speaker 1: half a million officers and n c o s and

1125
01:00:27,720 --> 01:00:30,200
Speaker 1: their membership, and the officers and n c o s

1126
01:00:30,240 --> 01:00:32,680
Speaker 1: are each like put in charge of ten guys to

1127
01:00:32,880 --> 01:00:35,800
Speaker 1: other former soldiers who were of lower ranks, and their

1128
01:00:35,880 --> 01:00:39,200
Speaker 1: job is to get help with those guys for those

1129
01:00:39,240 --> 01:00:42,200
Speaker 1: guys using the resources of the league, and also control

1130
01:00:42,280 --> 01:00:44,880
Speaker 1: their votes. So the half million or so officers and

1131
01:00:44,960 --> 01:00:46,960
Speaker 1: n c o s and the Cross of Fire control

1132
01:00:47,000 --> 01:00:50,520
Speaker 1: about five million votes. They're very politically influential as a result.

1133
01:00:50,720 --> 01:00:54,080
Speaker 1: So these guys are right wing and kind of militant,

1134
01:00:54,080 --> 01:00:56,280
Speaker 1: but they're also very system loyal right there. Not we

1135
01:00:56,320 --> 01:00:58,960
Speaker 1: want to overthrow the government there, We want to organize

1136
01:00:59,000 --> 01:01:01,560
Speaker 1: as a political entity in order to dominate the government,

1137
01:01:03,120 --> 01:01:06,680
Speaker 1: so Brian Jenkins rights quote. In November of nineteen thirty one,

1138
01:01:06,720 --> 01:01:08,960
Speaker 1: the colonel and his followers stormed the stage at a

1139
01:01:09,000 --> 01:01:13,360
Speaker 1: meeting on disarmament at Trucadero, bringing an end to the proceedings. Meanwhile,

1140
01:01:13,440 --> 01:01:16,680
Speaker 1: the league's shock troopers called Dispose were employed to maintain

1141
01:01:16,720 --> 01:01:19,000
Speaker 1: security at meetings and fight the left in the street.

1142
01:01:19,280 --> 01:01:22,480
Speaker 1: In October nineteen thirty three, a new manifesto announced a

1143
01:01:22,480 --> 01:01:25,360
Speaker 1: more radically anti parliamentary direction, while the group opened its

1144
01:01:25,400 --> 01:01:29,520
Speaker 1: ranks to non veterans through its volunteers nationa auxiliary, so

1145
01:01:29,560 --> 01:01:31,440
Speaker 1: they get, you know, start more system loyal, and they

1146
01:01:31,440 --> 01:01:33,880
Speaker 1: get kind of more closer and closer to fascism as

1147
01:01:33,880 --> 01:01:37,320
Speaker 1: time goes on. As nineteen thirty four dawned, right wing

1148
01:01:37,360 --> 01:01:40,400
Speaker 1: paramilitaries were as organized and as large as they had

1149
01:01:40,400 --> 01:01:43,240
Speaker 1: ever been in France. The left was too was fighting

1150
01:01:43,360 --> 01:01:46,240
Speaker 1: too much within themselves to the with it between themselves

1151
01:01:46,240 --> 01:01:48,200
Speaker 1: to deliver any kind of meaningful aid that might have

1152
01:01:48,240 --> 01:01:51,400
Speaker 1: tamped down on unrest. Meanwhile, the right blamed the global

1153
01:01:51,440 --> 01:01:57,080
Speaker 1: economic collapse on their own leftists and of course the Jews. Um.

1154
01:01:57,240 --> 01:01:59,880
Speaker 1: They also are able to look abroad at the propic

1155
01:02:00,040 --> 01:02:02,280
Speaker 1: and that's being put out by Italy and now Germany

1156
01:02:02,320 --> 01:02:04,040
Speaker 1: and be like, look at how good things are going

1157
01:02:04,080 --> 01:02:06,280
Speaker 1: in the fascist countries where I assume I have accurate

1158
01:02:06,320 --> 01:02:09,800
Speaker 1: information from We should do that. What did they do

1159
01:02:09,840 --> 01:02:12,520
Speaker 1: that we're not doing? Yeah, they're not We're we're not

1160
01:02:12,640 --> 01:02:18,160
Speaker 1: killing enough leftists clearly yeah. And then, as everything in

1161
01:02:18,160 --> 01:02:20,360
Speaker 1: France is about as hot as it could get, what

1162
01:02:20,480 --> 01:02:23,560
Speaker 1: comes to be known as the Stavitsky affair bursts onto

1163
01:02:23,560 --> 01:02:26,880
Speaker 1: the front page of every rightist newspaper in France, and

1164
01:02:26,880 --> 01:02:28,440
Speaker 1: I'm gonna see how long it takes you to like

1165
01:02:29,080 --> 01:02:32,040
Speaker 1: figure out what the most modern parallel to stay affair?

1166
01:02:32,280 --> 01:02:36,160
Speaker 1: All right? Sergey Alexander Stavisky was born in Ukraine in

1167
01:02:36,200 --> 01:02:38,880
Speaker 1: eighteen eighty six to a Jewish family who'd immigrated to

1168
01:02:38,880 --> 01:02:41,800
Speaker 1: France in eighteen ninety nine. His father was a dentist.

1169
01:02:42,000 --> 01:02:45,600
Speaker 1: To Stavisky, however, was a born grifter. While still a teenager,

1170
01:02:45,640 --> 01:02:47,960
Speaker 1: he established himself as a con man. By the mid

1171
01:02:48,080 --> 01:02:50,320
Speaker 1: nineteen twenties had gotten good at it, making enough money

1172
01:02:50,360 --> 01:02:51,960
Speaker 1: to dress as a rich guy, even though he was

1173
01:02:52,000 --> 01:02:55,080
Speaker 1: constantly on the ViRGE of losing everything. Stavisky used his

1174
01:02:55,160 --> 01:02:57,600
Speaker 1: charisma and his ability to trick global rich people to

1175
01:02:57,680 --> 01:03:01,160
Speaker 1: keep the cash flowing France and fascism, writes Quote, he

1176
01:03:01,280 --> 01:03:03,920
Speaker 1: left a trail of fake companies, counterfeit checks and bonds,

1177
01:03:03,960 --> 01:03:07,000
Speaker 1: and fraudulent share transactions, and following his arrest in July

1178
01:03:07,120 --> 01:03:10,200
Speaker 1: nineteen twenty six for stealing and stolen securities. He spent

1179
01:03:10,280 --> 01:03:13,280
Speaker 1: seventeen months in the Lessante prison while his case awaited trial.

1180
01:03:13,560 --> 01:03:15,760
Speaker 1: Following his release on medical grounds, the hearing of the

1181
01:03:15,760 --> 01:03:19,080
Speaker 1: case against him was repeatedly deferred nineteen postponements and all,

1182
01:03:19,280 --> 01:03:21,800
Speaker 1: leaving Stavisky free to launch a string of further dubious

1183
01:03:21,840 --> 01:03:25,360
Speaker 1: ventures under the alias Sergey Alexander. In ninety eight, he

1184
01:03:25,400 --> 01:03:28,040
Speaker 1: embarked on a scheme which the lucrative would eventually prove

1185
01:03:28,080 --> 01:03:32,680
Speaker 1: his undoing, the fraudulent exploitation of municipal pawn shops in Orleans.

1186
01:03:32,920 --> 01:03:35,680
Speaker 1: He extracted twenty five million francs from the pawn shop

1187
01:03:35,720 --> 01:03:39,120
Speaker 1: in exchange for fake gimstones, subsequently redeeming the stones with

1188
01:03:39,200 --> 01:03:41,400
Speaker 1: cash derived from the municipal pawn shop he had since

1189
01:03:41,480 --> 01:03:44,160
Speaker 1: launched in bay Own. This was a much bigger operation,

1190
01:03:44,240 --> 01:03:46,800
Speaker 1: and the credit was financed by issuing bonds well in

1191
01:03:46,880 --> 01:03:49,680
Speaker 1: excess of the value of the articles deposited. Cash was

1192
01:03:49,720 --> 01:03:51,920
Speaker 1: then realized through the sale of these fake bonds to

1193
01:03:52,000 --> 01:03:55,040
Speaker 1: banks and insurance companies. In the summer of nineteen thirty three,

1194
01:03:55,080 --> 01:03:58,760
Speaker 1: having spent lavishly and gambled heavily, Stavisky found himself unable

1195
01:03:58,760 --> 01:04:01,000
Speaker 1: to redeem the bonds and his attempts to win backing

1196
01:04:01,000 --> 01:04:03,320
Speaker 1: for a new operation, which he hoped would bail him out,

1197
01:04:03,400 --> 01:04:06,560
Speaker 1: yet again, were soon frustrated. That's the nature of his

1198
01:04:06,640 --> 01:04:09,880
Speaker 1: con Yeah. First it sounded like an assets it's pretty

1199
01:04:09,880 --> 01:04:12,040
Speaker 1: good lick man he is, he is it commn for

1200
01:04:12,080 --> 01:04:16,080
Speaker 1: a while. Yeah. So in September nine three, one of

1201
01:04:16,080 --> 01:04:18,640
Speaker 1: the businesses he can't, an insurance company, called for a

1202
01:04:18,720 --> 01:04:22,120
Speaker 1: judicial inquiry into his business. On December twenty three, the

1203
01:04:22,200 --> 01:04:24,960
Speaker 1: director of a pawn shop Stavisky owned broke down under

1204
01:04:25,040 --> 01:04:28,320
Speaker 1: questioning he did not just incriminate his boss, but also

1205
01:04:28,360 --> 01:04:32,120
Speaker 1: a local elected leader from the Radical Party. Stavisky immediately

1206
01:04:32,160 --> 01:04:35,280
Speaker 1: went on the run, fleeing Paris on Christmas Day, and

1207
01:04:35,320 --> 01:04:37,520
Speaker 1: just as quickly, the right wing press picks up the story.

1208
01:04:37,800 --> 01:04:40,800
Speaker 1: French Action and other newspapers launched a massive campaign to

1209
01:04:40,880 --> 01:04:43,520
Speaker 1: allege that not just the one guy implicated, but a

1210
01:04:43,560 --> 01:04:46,480
Speaker 1: whole host of Radical politicians, basically all of them, had

1211
01:04:46,520 --> 01:04:50,400
Speaker 1: been involved in a far reaching financial conspiracy. Since Stavisky

1212
01:04:50,480 --> 01:04:52,600
Speaker 1: was Jewish, you can guess how this folded in with

1213
01:04:52,600 --> 01:04:54,320
Speaker 1: all the fact that all of these papers also had

1214
01:04:54,400 --> 01:04:58,480
Speaker 1: huge heart ons for Hitler and Mussolini. One Radical deputy resigned,

1215
01:04:58,640 --> 01:05:01,560
Speaker 1: another radical, the Minis stir of the economy was found

1216
01:05:01,560 --> 01:05:04,520
Speaker 1: to have encouraged people to purchase junk bonds from Stavisky

1217
01:05:04,560 --> 01:05:07,720
Speaker 1: back in nineteen thirty two. So two radicals are implicated,

1218
01:05:08,000 --> 01:05:10,720
Speaker 1: like clearly, so he resigns and to the right this

1219
01:05:10,800 --> 01:05:13,080
Speaker 1: proves that all of the other deputies they've been accusing

1220
01:05:13,160 --> 01:05:16,200
Speaker 1: were guilty. To newspaper editors were also found to have

1221
01:05:16,200 --> 01:05:19,520
Speaker 1: been on Stavisky's payroll, which encouraged people to buy junk bonds.

1222
01:05:19,800 --> 01:05:21,720
Speaker 1: And then these guys are arrested, which feeds into the

1223
01:05:21,800 --> 01:05:24,400
Speaker 1: narrative that liberal presses on trustworthy and part of the

1224
01:05:24,440 --> 01:05:28,600
Speaker 1: Jewish conspiracy. As nineteen thirty four dawned, right wing media

1225
01:05:28,600 --> 01:05:31,240
Speaker 1: could write about nothing else but the Stavisky affair. And

1226
01:05:31,280 --> 01:05:34,000
Speaker 1: then on the ninth, with public interest at its height,

1227
01:05:34,200 --> 01:05:37,240
Speaker 1: Stavisky himself is cornered by police at a house in Chamois.

1228
01:05:37,560 --> 01:05:42,200
Speaker 1: He kills himself to avoid capture. So as soon as

1229
01:05:42,200 --> 01:05:44,880
Speaker 1: he kills himself, both the communist and the far right

1230
01:05:44,920 --> 01:05:48,120
Speaker 1: press leap on the story, alleging that Stovinsky had not

1231
01:05:48,520 --> 01:05:51,720
Speaker 1: committed suicide, he'd been murdered to cover up his connections

1232
01:05:51,720 --> 01:05:56,760
Speaker 1: to powerful leaders. He's the fucking French Jeffrey Epstein's Yeah,

1233
01:05:57,920 --> 01:06:00,720
Speaker 1: it's the same thing. It's the same thing. Yeah, he

1234
01:06:01,320 --> 01:06:04,320
Speaker 1: doesn't have like a network of child prostitutes. But he's

1235
01:06:04,320 --> 01:06:07,040
Speaker 1: a guy who's implicated with a bunch of powerful people

1236
01:06:07,120 --> 01:06:10,000
Speaker 1: in a series of crimes. He goes to jail once

1237
01:06:10,040 --> 01:06:13,360
Speaker 1: he continues committing crime, implicates more powerful people, and then

1238
01:06:13,400 --> 01:06:16,800
Speaker 1: when he's cornered, kills himself. Yeah, you know, it's the

1239
01:06:16,880 --> 01:06:21,560
Speaker 1: same thing. It's like the exact Yeah, and and and

1240
01:06:21,560 --> 01:06:23,920
Speaker 1: and and the best part about the Epstein story they

1241
01:06:23,920 --> 01:06:27,760
Speaker 1: said the camera glitched. Yeah, and there's there's shady stuff

1242
01:06:27,800 --> 01:06:30,440
Speaker 1: like that with this right, it's not cameras because it's whatever.

1243
01:06:30,600 --> 01:06:33,800
Speaker 1: It's the same thing. But yeah, no is a one

1244
01:06:33,880 --> 01:06:37,040
Speaker 1: to one bro. Yeah he doesn't. Just like with Epstein,

1245
01:06:37,120 --> 01:06:40,240
Speaker 1: it doesn't really matter if he killed himself or was murdered,

1246
01:06:40,280 --> 01:06:42,080
Speaker 1: the same thing with this guy. What matters is that

1247
01:06:42,360 --> 01:06:44,760
Speaker 1: everyone on the far left and the far right is

1248
01:06:44,800 --> 01:06:49,880
Speaker 1: sure that he was murdered in order to protect liberals,

1249
01:06:47,920 --> 01:06:54,200
Speaker 1: right center politicians. There's too much at stake, you know,

1250
01:06:54,280 --> 01:07:00,240
Speaker 1: who won't murder Jeffrey. Ye you can't because he already did.

1251
01:07:00,440 --> 01:07:03,360
Speaker 1: But yeah, he's already dead, so they definitely won't kill him.

1252
01:07:04,280 --> 01:07:10,880
Speaker 1: Products and services that support this podcast. Adoption of teams

1253
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1254
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1255
01:07:16,360 --> 01:07:20,440
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1256
01:07:20,480 --> 01:07:24,240
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1257
01:07:24,240 --> 01:07:26,800
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1258
01:07:27,160 --> 01:07:30,880
Speaker 1: Visit adopt us Kids dot org, slash podcast, or subscribe

1259
01:07:30,880 --> 01:07:34,280
Speaker 1: to Navigating Adoption presented by adopt Us Kids, brought to

1260
01:07:34,280 --> 01:07:35,960
Speaker 1: you by the U. S Department of Health, that Human

1261
01:07:36,040 --> 01:07:39,120
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1262
01:07:39,640 --> 01:07:42,120
Speaker 1: Hello and welcome to our show. I'm Zoie de Channel

1263
01:07:42,200 --> 01:07:44,400
Speaker 1: and I'm so excited to be joined by my friends

1264
01:07:44,400 --> 01:07:47,120
Speaker 1: and cast mates Hannah Simone and Lamar and Morris to

1265
01:07:47,240 --> 01:07:50,880
Speaker 1: recap our hit television series New Girl. Join us every

1266
01:07:50,880 --> 01:07:53,480
Speaker 1: Monday on the Welcome to Our Show podcast, where we'll

1267
01:07:53,480 --> 01:07:56,600
Speaker 1: share behind the scenes stories of your favorite New Girl episodes,

1268
01:07:56,720 --> 01:07:59,640
Speaker 1: revealed the truth behind the legendary game True American, and

1269
01:08:00,160 --> 01:08:02,919
Speaker 1: discuss how this show got made with the writer's, guest

1270
01:08:02,960 --> 01:08:05,880
Speaker 1: stars and directors who made the show so special. Fans

1271
01:08:05,880 --> 01:08:08,040
Speaker 1: have been begging us to do a New Girl recap

1272
01:08:08,080 --> 01:08:10,760
Speaker 1: for years, and we finally meet a podcast where we

1273
01:08:10,800 --> 01:08:14,880
Speaker 1: answer all your burning questions like is there really a bear?

1274
01:08:15,000 --> 01:08:18,160
Speaker 1: In every episode of New Girl, plus each week you'll

1275
01:08:18,160 --> 01:08:21,559
Speaker 1: hear hilarious stories like this at the end when he

1276
01:08:21,560 --> 01:08:24,080
Speaker 1: says you got some Schmidt on your face. I feel

1277
01:08:24,120 --> 01:08:26,719
Speaker 1: like I pitched that joke. I believe that I feel

1278
01:08:26,720 --> 01:08:28,280
Speaker 1: like I did. I'm not on a thousand percent. I

1279
01:08:28,320 --> 01:08:30,479
Speaker 1: want to say that was I tossed that one out.

1280
01:08:30,760 --> 01:08:32,880
Speaker 1: Listen to the Welcome to Our Show podcast on the

1281
01:08:32,960 --> 01:08:36,320
Speaker 1: I Heart Radio app, Apple podcast, or wherever you get

1282
01:08:36,360 --> 01:08:40,599
Speaker 1: your podcasts. Conquer your New Year's resolution to be more

1283
01:08:40,640 --> 01:08:44,400
Speaker 1: productive with the Before Breakfast podcast. In each bite sized

1284
01:08:44,479 --> 01:08:48,840
Speaker 1: daily episode, time management and productivity expert Laura vander Cam

1285
01:08:49,000 --> 01:08:51,040
Speaker 1: teaches you how to make the most of your time

1286
01:08:51,280 --> 01:08:54,240
Speaker 1: both at work and at home. These are the practical

1287
01:08:54,280 --> 01:08:57,280
Speaker 1: suggestions you need to get more done with your day.

1288
01:08:57,479 --> 01:09:00,439
Speaker 1: Just as lifting weights keeps our body strong as we age,

1289
01:09:00,640 --> 01:09:03,920
Speaker 1: learning new skills is the mental equivalent of pumping iron.

1290
01:09:04,240 --> 01:09:11,120
Speaker 1: Listen to Before Breakfast wherever you get your podcasts. So

1291
01:09:11,439 --> 01:09:15,400
Speaker 1: we're back. So the radical president is that he's still

1292
01:09:15,439 --> 01:09:18,840
Speaker 1: alive though, Like I feel like your oyebreak is yeah,

1293
01:09:18,920 --> 01:09:21,400
Speaker 1: I mean, we're not going to actually prove that, Robert,

1294
01:09:21,920 --> 01:09:25,400
Speaker 1: I am not. I'm not making any conclusions about Jeffrey

1295
01:09:25,400 --> 01:09:27,880
Speaker 1: Epstein on this podcast. I'm just saying that, like Epstein,

1296
01:09:28,320 --> 01:09:31,920
Speaker 1: this guy Stavisky is said to have killed himself, and

1297
01:09:32,120 --> 01:09:34,559
Speaker 1: nobody who's on the left or the right really believes

1298
01:09:34,560 --> 01:09:37,120
Speaker 1: there's Yeah, there's one definitive thing you could say about

1299
01:09:37,439 --> 01:09:40,479
Speaker 1: Jeffrey Epstein is that, I don't care how many dollars

1300
01:09:40,520 --> 01:09:43,439
Speaker 1: you put it before and after his name, he is

1301
01:09:43,479 --> 01:09:47,439
Speaker 1: a pimp. Yeahs is a different kind of pimp, but

1302
01:09:47,840 --> 01:09:51,640
Speaker 1: to pimp, and this guy's is pimp in yes, this

1303
01:09:51,840 --> 01:09:54,439
Speaker 1: is a different lick. He's selling different products, same thing. Anyway.

1304
01:09:54,960 --> 01:09:57,720
Speaker 1: So the radical president, like the or not president, but

1305
01:09:57,760 --> 01:10:00,760
Speaker 1: like Prime Minister of France, who's again a article, does

1306
01:10:00,760 --> 01:10:03,040
Speaker 1: his best to ignore the scandal, arguing that it's not

1307
01:10:03,120 --> 01:10:05,680
Speaker 1: a big deal, like, yeah, the guys who were implicated

1308
01:10:05,720 --> 01:10:09,440
Speaker 1: already got arrested, Like it's not a big deal. Um.

1309
01:10:09,479 --> 01:10:12,200
Speaker 1: And it might have even been true that, like the

1310
01:10:12,240 --> 01:10:16,080
Speaker 1: only people implicated had been caught, but that doesn't really matter, um,

1311
01:10:16,200 --> 01:10:19,280
Speaker 1: because obviously this becomes a huge conspiracy, and the Prime

1312
01:10:19,320 --> 01:10:21,840
Speaker 1: Minister refuses calls from both the right and from his

1313
01:10:21,920 --> 01:10:24,880
Speaker 1: socialist allies to call for a parliamentary inquiry into the

1314
01:10:24,880 --> 01:10:28,320
Speaker 1: whole situation. This just makes everything worse, proven to many

1315
01:10:28,320 --> 01:10:31,760
Speaker 1: Frenchmen that there had been a conspiracy. Brian Jenkins Rights

1316
01:10:32,040 --> 01:10:35,000
Speaker 1: what might be called the dialectics of conspiracy thus played

1317
01:10:35,000 --> 01:10:38,080
Speaker 1: a significant role in the escalation of crisis. Stevitsky's death

1318
01:10:38,120 --> 01:10:40,840
Speaker 1: gave decisive impetus to conspiracy theories on the right and

1319
01:10:40,880 --> 01:10:44,320
Speaker 1: intensified the campaign both in the press and on the street. Meanwhile,

1320
01:10:44,360 --> 01:10:46,320
Speaker 1: the perception on the left that the scandal was being

1321
01:10:46,400 --> 01:10:49,880
Speaker 1: orchestrated for sinister political purposes led the government to harden

1322
01:10:49,960 --> 01:10:53,000
Speaker 1: its opposite its position and refused to make concessions. This

1323
01:10:53,080 --> 01:10:55,360
Speaker 1: in turn gave the impression that the government was engaged

1324
01:10:55,360 --> 01:10:57,800
Speaker 1: in a cover up and therefore must have something to hide,

1325
01:10:58,080 --> 01:11:02,120
Speaker 1: thereby further reinforcing the rights spiracy theories. However, in this

1326
01:11:02,200 --> 01:11:05,400
Speaker 1: competitive press environment, it was inevitable that the more radical

1327
01:11:05,439 --> 01:11:08,040
Speaker 1: and scrillious newspapers that set the pace and tone for

1328
01:11:08,080 --> 01:11:12,040
Speaker 1: others to emulate. It was French action that crystallized public

1329
01:11:12,040 --> 01:11:15,160
Speaker 1: opinion around them and orchestrated the developing affair each day,

1330
01:11:15,200 --> 01:11:18,160
Speaker 1: adding fresh names to its dossier of suspects, and decisively

1331
01:11:18,240 --> 01:11:21,360
Speaker 1: raising the temperature on seventh of January with the headline

1332
01:11:21,680 --> 01:11:24,880
Speaker 1: down with the Thebes and an inflammatory appeal to the

1333
01:11:24,920 --> 01:11:28,200
Speaker 1: people of Paris. Most of the conservative press simply follow

1334
01:11:28,280 --> 01:11:31,040
Speaker 1: their lead, albeit in less flamboyant language, which in turn

1335
01:11:31,080 --> 01:11:35,920
Speaker 1: helped legitimize the message. Again, the truth doesn't matter. What

1336
01:11:36,040 --> 01:11:38,879
Speaker 1: matters is the narratives that take off. Yeah, yeah, totally.

1337
01:11:39,320 --> 01:11:43,440
Speaker 1: From January nine on, and this is there were demonstrations

1338
01:11:43,439 --> 01:11:46,439
Speaker 1: and street violence almost every night in Paris every week.

1339
01:11:46,520 --> 01:11:50,720
Speaker 1: The crowds grew larger. On Saturday, January, the situation was

1340
01:11:50,760 --> 01:11:53,480
Speaker 1: bad enough that the present resign and the government dissolved

1341
01:11:53,920 --> 01:11:56,240
Speaker 1: or the prime minister whatever resigned in the government dissolved.

1342
01:11:56,360 --> 01:11:58,160
Speaker 1: This was seen as a big victory by the right,

1343
01:11:58,200 --> 01:12:01,160
Speaker 1: but nobody knew what came next. The left are still

1344
01:12:01,200 --> 01:12:04,280
Speaker 1: the elected leaders. Right, you dissolve the government, you don't

1345
01:12:04,320 --> 01:12:06,080
Speaker 1: kick out all the deputies who have been elected. You

1346
01:12:06,160 --> 01:12:09,439
Speaker 1: just pick a new prime minister and new ministers. Right,

1347
01:12:09,479 --> 01:12:11,640
Speaker 1: that's what it means. And the left is still like

1348
01:12:11,760 --> 01:12:13,880
Speaker 1: gets to decide who the new government is and they

1349
01:12:13,920 --> 01:12:16,880
Speaker 1: bring in a new liberal president, guy named Dlatier. Now,

1350
01:12:16,880 --> 01:12:19,320
Speaker 1: while all this is happening, the socialists the only part

1351
01:12:19,320 --> 01:12:21,960
Speaker 1: of the left coalition that has not been horribly tainted

1352
01:12:21,960 --> 01:12:24,640
Speaker 1: by the Stavisky affair. It's radicals that are implicated. The

1353
01:12:24,680 --> 01:12:28,320
Speaker 1: socialists are not. The radicals need the socialists both to

1354
01:12:28,400 --> 01:12:30,760
Speaker 1: keep the government from being dissolved and to avoid a

1355
01:12:30,800 --> 01:12:33,479
Speaker 1: deeper investigation into the matter. So yeah, probably a bunch

1356
01:12:33,479 --> 01:12:35,800
Speaker 1: of more radicals were guilty. You know, they really don't

1357
01:12:35,800 --> 01:12:38,800
Speaker 1: want there to be an investigation. So since they had

1358
01:12:38,800 --> 01:12:41,479
Speaker 1: the radicals over a barrel, the socialists decided to make

1359
01:12:41,520 --> 01:12:44,599
Speaker 1: a demand of their own. Being good leftists, this demand

1360
01:12:44,760 --> 01:12:47,320
Speaker 1: is that the radicals fire the Paris Chief of Police,

1361
01:12:47,640 --> 01:12:49,840
Speaker 1: John Chiappa, because he was a piece of ship who

1362
01:12:49,880 --> 01:12:53,840
Speaker 1: sympathized with fascist paramilitary groups. Of course, the far right

1363
01:12:53,920 --> 01:12:56,599
Speaker 1: loves Chiappa, and they see his sacking and the radical

1364
01:12:56,640 --> 01:12:59,479
Speaker 1: promises that the police will be reformed. So the radicals,

1365
01:12:59,479 --> 01:13:02,240
Speaker 1: in order to keep the government going and avoid an investigation, like,

1366
01:13:02,360 --> 01:13:05,160
Speaker 1: we'll fire this guy and will completely reform the Paris police.

1367
01:13:05,479 --> 01:13:08,599
Speaker 1: That's the socialist's demand, and the right wing is like

1368
01:13:08,640 --> 01:13:11,400
Speaker 1: this is like, this is clearly the precursor to a

1369
01:13:11,439 --> 01:13:14,000
Speaker 1: communist revolution. They're trying to get rid of the police

1370
01:13:14,040 --> 01:13:15,920
Speaker 1: so they can take over the streets and take all

1371
01:13:15,960 --> 01:13:21,599
Speaker 1: of our money. Right, yeah, dog man. So this starts

1372
01:13:21,600 --> 01:13:23,640
Speaker 1: at ticking clock on the right because they think that

1373
01:13:23,680 --> 01:13:25,800
Speaker 1: there's this comic plot being carried out and they've only

1374
01:13:25,920 --> 01:13:28,840
Speaker 1: dazed to act in order to avert it. Laroc, Colonel

1375
01:13:28,920 --> 01:13:32,120
Speaker 1: Laroc of the Cross of Fire, declares his paramilitaries to

1376
01:13:32,160 --> 01:13:36,519
Speaker 1: be defenders of public order. One League French Solidarity declares

1377
01:13:36,760 --> 01:13:39,760
Speaker 1: civil war is imminent, while the Young Patriots claim the

1378
01:13:39,800 --> 01:13:44,000
Speaker 1: country is in danger. A wholesale purge is being prepared. Newspapers.

1379
01:13:44,080 --> 01:13:47,800
Speaker 1: Right wing newspapers run articles about how communist revolutionaries are

1380
01:13:47,800 --> 01:13:51,000
Speaker 1: on the verge of seizing power. Colonel Laroc warns his

1381
01:13:51,040 --> 01:13:53,840
Speaker 1: followers a government who signs the red flag wants to

1382
01:13:53,840 --> 01:13:59,320
Speaker 1: reduce you to slavery. We are threatened with sectarian dictatorship. Nothing,

1383
01:14:00,000 --> 01:14:04,840
Speaker 1: it's familiar. Yeah again, nothing that's ever happened again in

1384
01:14:04,920 --> 01:14:11,200
Speaker 1: any of this is so frustrating, I know, it's terrible. Yes,

1385
01:14:12,680 --> 01:14:16,559
Speaker 1: So elected leaders were also pushing these lines. Philip Henrio,

1386
01:14:16,760 --> 01:14:19,879
Speaker 1: a deputy from Bordeaux, was a Catholic militant who believed

1387
01:14:19,880 --> 01:14:23,000
Speaker 1: that the Stavisky affair was a Jewish Masonic conspiracy to

1388
01:14:23,000 --> 01:14:26,200
Speaker 1: destroy France. On three occasions in January, he took to

1389
01:14:26,240 --> 01:14:28,639
Speaker 1: the rostrum of the Chamber of Deputies to demand right

1390
01:14:28,680 --> 01:14:33,759
Speaker 1: wingers rise up and sweep the republic. British journalist Alexander

1391
01:14:33,800 --> 01:14:35,599
Speaker 1: Worth was in Paris at the time, and he wrote

1392
01:14:35,640 --> 01:14:39,000
Speaker 1: this in early February. Already on Monday, Paris was full

1393
01:14:39,000 --> 01:14:41,439
Speaker 1: of wild rumors. Troops, it was said, had been brought

1394
01:14:41,439 --> 01:14:44,000
Speaker 1: into Paris. If the demonstrators were to cause trouble, the

1395
01:14:44,040 --> 01:14:46,719
Speaker 1: government would not hesitate to use tanks and machine guns.

1396
01:14:46,880 --> 01:14:49,799
Speaker 1: The work would be entrusted to Moroccan and Senegalese soldiers

1397
01:14:49,920 --> 01:14:52,320
Speaker 1: who would have no compunction about shooting down their white

1398
01:14:52,320 --> 01:14:56,400
Speaker 1: fellow citizens. And it is, by the way, one thing

1399
01:14:56,439 --> 01:14:57,600
Speaker 1: you kind of have to give the French in this

1400
01:14:57,640 --> 01:15:01,040
Speaker 1: period is that they are kind of the first Western

1401
01:15:01,120 --> 01:15:04,520
Speaker 1: government to have a significant number of non white citizens.

1402
01:15:04,560 --> 01:15:07,719
Speaker 1: They do that, not that they treat them equally or anything,

1403
01:15:07,760 --> 01:15:09,280
Speaker 1: but like it is a thing that happens in the

1404
01:15:09,320 --> 01:15:16,160
Speaker 1: sevres really um. But why God damn man. Of course

1405
01:15:16,200 --> 01:15:18,000
Speaker 1: they use them for shock troops. You know of course,

1406
01:15:18,520 --> 01:15:22,240
Speaker 1: I'm like, I feel like it was about time that

1407
01:15:22,720 --> 01:15:26,120
Speaker 1: one of us say something funny. But it's yeah, I can't.

1408
01:15:26,160 --> 01:15:29,840
Speaker 1: I just got nothing because it's just so on the

1409
01:15:29,920 --> 01:15:34,439
Speaker 1: freaking nose. It's exactly all. It's exactly what's happened, you know.

1410
01:15:35,479 --> 01:15:40,920
Speaker 1: So this prop brings us to February six, nineteen thirty four.

1411
01:15:41,640 --> 01:15:44,240
Speaker 1: The French government assembles for a vote of confidence and

1412
01:15:44,280 --> 01:15:46,519
Speaker 1: Prime Minister Daladier so a vote on whether or not

1413
01:15:46,600 --> 01:15:48,439
Speaker 1: he's going to keep being the prime minister or they're

1414
01:15:48,439 --> 01:15:51,160
Speaker 1: going to dissolve the government again. Uh. And I found

1415
01:15:51,160 --> 01:15:54,719
Speaker 1: a French history website herodoty that describes how things started,

1416
01:15:55,160 --> 01:15:58,320
Speaker 1: quote and all hardly more than thirty thousand demonstrators, a

1417
01:15:58,400 --> 01:16:01,360
Speaker 1: large majority of them who were ex combatants. Everyone is

1418
01:16:01,400 --> 01:16:04,920
Speaker 1: mobilized on the theme down with thebes and a demand

1419
01:16:04,960 --> 01:16:07,920
Speaker 1: for more civility and honesty in the government. At the start,

1420
01:16:07,960 --> 01:16:10,120
Speaker 1: at the call of Lieutenant Colonel de la Roc. The

1421
01:16:10,160 --> 01:16:12,639
Speaker 1: cross of fire quickly dispersed as soon as the first

1422
01:16:12,680 --> 01:16:15,599
Speaker 1: clashes with the mobile guard occurred. Although it arrived at

1423
01:16:15,600 --> 01:16:17,240
Speaker 1: the end of the afternoon at the gates of the

1424
01:16:17,240 --> 01:16:20,559
Speaker 1: Palais Bourbon, Larent and his veterans refused to occupy it.

1425
01:16:20,680 --> 01:16:23,720
Speaker 1: Their dispersal makes any possibility of overthrowing the regime by

1426
01:16:23,720 --> 01:16:26,000
Speaker 1: force feudal. But on the other side of the sign

1427
01:16:26,080 --> 01:16:30,080
Speaker 1: around the Palace of the Concorde, the demonstration degenerates. Thousands

1428
01:16:30,080 --> 01:16:32,800
Speaker 1: of activists try to march on the Palais Bourbon, the

1429
01:16:32,840 --> 01:16:36,240
Speaker 1: Bourbon Palace. I guess, so what happens here is this

1430
01:16:36,360 --> 01:16:39,280
Speaker 1: crowd starts like and and the cross of fire. Guys

1431
01:16:39,320 --> 01:16:41,479
Speaker 1: are a huge chunk of it, starts marching on the

1432
01:16:41,520 --> 01:16:43,799
Speaker 1: gates of the capitol, and as soon as the police

1433
01:16:43,840 --> 01:16:46,200
Speaker 1: get engaged in, the crowd starts fighting with the cops.

1434
01:16:46,400 --> 01:16:50,240
Speaker 1: Colonel Laroc calls his men back, but thousands and thousands

1435
01:16:50,280 --> 01:16:52,960
Speaker 1: of other right wing militants continue to surge ahead and

1436
01:16:53,040 --> 01:16:56,240
Speaker 1: keep fighting the cops, And as night falls, the protests

1437
01:16:56,280 --> 01:16:59,000
Speaker 1: go from being just aggressive and violent to being an

1438
01:16:59,040 --> 01:17:02,680
Speaker 1: active attempt to storm the capital. Protesters light busses on

1439
01:17:02,760 --> 01:17:06,120
Speaker 1: fire and destroy property, tearing down barricades and barriers as

1440
01:17:06,120 --> 01:17:08,759
Speaker 1: they attempt to breach the Chamber of Deputies, where Parliament

1441
01:17:08,800 --> 01:17:12,280
Speaker 1: is an active session. The police panic when the crowd

1442
01:17:12,320 --> 01:17:15,200
Speaker 1: starts to break through the barricades and they open fire.

1443
01:17:15,560 --> 01:17:17,640
Speaker 1: Some in the crowd fire back and by the end

1444
01:17:17,680 --> 01:17:19,880
Speaker 1: of it all as many as twenty six, but we

1445
01:17:19,960 --> 01:17:22,120
Speaker 1: don't have an exact death told. Some will say twenty

1446
01:17:22,120 --> 01:17:24,880
Speaker 1: six people were killed and more than fifteen hundred are injured.

1447
01:17:24,920 --> 01:17:26,400
Speaker 1: Some will say it's more like, you know, five to

1448
01:17:26,439 --> 01:17:30,760
Speaker 1: ten and a thousand injured. But it's it's everything that

1449
01:17:30,800 --> 01:17:33,000
Speaker 1: happened in the capital and the sixth except they don't

1450
01:17:33,000 --> 01:17:37,599
Speaker 1: get intoside the capital because the French like order forces

1451
01:17:37,640 --> 01:17:40,120
Speaker 1: just start shooting, like firing into the crowd with what

1452
01:17:40,360 --> 01:17:45,200
Speaker 1: rifles um. So the riots continue for days, marking what

1453
01:17:45,320 --> 01:17:47,439
Speaker 1: most liberals and leftists would come to see as a

1454
01:17:47,520 --> 01:17:50,400
Speaker 1: coup attempt by the far right. This is probably fair,

1455
01:17:50,439 --> 01:17:52,560
Speaker 1: but it's also true that after the ninth the communists

1456
01:17:52,560 --> 01:17:54,120
Speaker 1: start coming out and force in the streets and do

1457
01:17:54,160 --> 01:17:57,000
Speaker 1: a lot of rioting themselves, and actually, like three or

1458
01:17:57,000 --> 01:17:59,360
Speaker 1: four days after the attempt to storm the capital, a

1459
01:17:59,360 --> 01:18:00,800
Speaker 1: lot of what's happen in on the street is being

1460
01:18:00,800 --> 01:18:03,280
Speaker 1: done by the communists. They didn't attempt to breach the

1461
01:18:03,360 --> 01:18:06,800
Speaker 1: Chamber of Deputies, though the whole affair terrifies everybody, and

1462
01:18:06,840 --> 01:18:09,679
Speaker 1: Prime Minister d Lattier resigns on advice from the police

1463
01:18:09,680 --> 01:18:12,720
Speaker 1: and army to avoid further violence. For the first time

1464
01:18:12,720 --> 01:18:15,280
Speaker 1: in the history of the Third Republic, street violence had

1465
01:18:15,280 --> 01:18:19,080
Speaker 1: brought down a French government. The week of February sixth was,

1466
01:18:19,120 --> 01:18:21,720
Speaker 1: in fact the most violent period of political unrest in

1467
01:18:21,760 --> 01:18:25,080
Speaker 1: France since the Commune of eighteen seventy one. Not everyone

1468
01:18:25,120 --> 01:18:27,400
Speaker 1: in the right is thrilled by this. Mars, head of

1469
01:18:27,400 --> 01:18:32,000
Speaker 1: French action, seems to have panicked immediately from the Crimson quote.

1470
01:18:32,600 --> 01:18:34,880
Speaker 1: Though he often considered the possibility of the coup in

1471
01:18:34,960 --> 01:18:37,240
Speaker 1: books and in the pages of his movement's newspaper, it

1472
01:18:37,320 --> 01:18:40,040
Speaker 1: is doubtful that he ever actually planned a revolution. On

1473
01:18:40,080 --> 01:18:42,439
Speaker 1: the one occasion which fate presented to his grasp, the

1474
01:18:42,520 --> 01:18:46,280
Speaker 1: riots before Chamber on February six ninety four, he did nothing.

1475
01:18:46,640 --> 01:18:49,920
Speaker 1: Professor Webber calls the sixth of February a victory lost.

1476
01:18:50,360 --> 01:18:53,320
Speaker 1: Maris's hesitation at what seemed the very gates of power,

1477
01:18:53,400 --> 01:18:56,599
Speaker 1: though this impression was exaggerated, was, as Professor Weber says,

1478
01:18:56,840 --> 01:18:59,360
Speaker 1: the moment of truth, which showed up the emptiness of

1479
01:18:59,400 --> 01:19:02,880
Speaker 1: almost every one's position. The parliamentary regime was shown to

1480
01:19:02,880 --> 01:19:06,360
Speaker 1: be a tottering, precarious structure. The rightest writers had made

1481
01:19:06,360 --> 01:19:08,800
Speaker 1: their point, but the right itself was exposed as well,

1482
01:19:09,040 --> 01:19:12,040
Speaker 1: exposed as a lot of theorists sorely lacking in the

1483
01:19:12,080 --> 01:19:16,640
Speaker 1: capacity to carry out their dreams. French Action had organized publications,

1484
01:19:16,680 --> 01:19:20,160
Speaker 1: public meetings, a party structure that extended through France, but

1485
01:19:20,200 --> 01:19:22,960
Speaker 1: they lacked the will to power. They were incapable of

1486
01:19:23,000 --> 01:19:25,600
Speaker 1: a Munich push, much less to ten year conspiracy to

1487
01:19:25,640 --> 01:19:29,400
Speaker 1: capture parliamentary power. At the moment of reactions greatest political

1488
01:19:29,400 --> 01:19:35,479
Speaker 1: triumphs in Europe, French fascism collapsed. Wow, it doesn't sound

1489
01:19:35,520 --> 01:19:40,400
Speaker 1: familiar at all. Yeah, I've never and again, fucking um

1490
01:19:40,439 --> 01:19:42,920
Speaker 1: Mars here he's like Alex Jones almost right. He's this

1491
01:19:42,960 --> 01:19:45,800
Speaker 1: guy who's telling everyone overthrow the government. And then when

1492
01:19:45,800 --> 01:19:47,840
Speaker 1: they start, because Alex Jones is there on the sixth

1493
01:19:47,880 --> 01:19:51,360
Speaker 1: and d C, he fucking leaves as soon as people cross.

1494
01:19:53,240 --> 01:19:54,920
Speaker 1: At first, I thought, when you saw about the other

1495
01:19:55,000 --> 01:19:56,680
Speaker 1: dude that ended up being Epstein, I thought it was

1496
01:19:56,760 --> 01:20:01,160
Speaker 1: Jones at first. No, no, no, no, Sisky's your Epstein. Yeah,

1497
01:20:01,200 --> 01:20:04,639
Speaker 1: he's definitely Epstein. But at first, when we first started talking,

1498
01:20:04,680 --> 01:20:05,960
Speaker 1: I was like, it's sound like a little Alex No,

1499
01:20:06,280 --> 01:20:10,080
Speaker 1: but no, that's Mars is your Alex Jon He's just

1500
01:20:10,120 --> 01:20:12,920
Speaker 1: like oh wait, oh no, I just wanted to make

1501
01:20:12,960 --> 01:20:15,400
Speaker 1: money telling people to the volt and getting them like

1502
01:20:15,520 --> 01:20:17,880
Speaker 1: jinned up. I didn't actually want that to happen. That's

1503
01:20:17,880 --> 01:20:23,040
Speaker 1: scary as hell. Yeah, y'all, y'all actually pull triggers. Oh no, yeah,

1504
01:20:23,080 --> 01:20:25,120
Speaker 1: yeah yeah. Um and current. You can see Colonel de

1505
01:20:25,240 --> 01:20:27,160
Speaker 1: Laroc kind of in the same light, although you could

1506
01:20:27,200 --> 01:20:29,400
Speaker 1: also argue that he was just very state loyal right

1507
01:20:29,439 --> 01:20:31,439
Speaker 1: like he wanted a new government. He was, he wanted

1508
01:20:31,520 --> 01:20:36,120
Speaker 1: less democracy, but he wasn't about to storm the capital. Um.

1509
01:20:36,160 --> 01:20:39,000
Speaker 1: So the main outcome of February six was that the

1510
01:20:39,040 --> 01:20:42,800
Speaker 1: elected right wing grows closer and closer to the insurrectionary

1511
01:20:42,880 --> 01:20:46,120
Speaker 1: far right. It also unifies the left wing, inspiring a

1512
01:20:46,160 --> 01:20:48,920
Speaker 1: popular Front in France that takes power after a brief

1513
01:20:48,920 --> 01:20:52,439
Speaker 1: period of conservative rule falling Daladier's fall. The nineteen thirty

1514
01:20:52,439 --> 01:20:55,200
Speaker 1: six French Popular Front was at its core an anti

1515
01:20:55,240 --> 01:20:58,920
Speaker 1: fascist political union, and domestically it does a good job

1516
01:20:58,960 --> 01:21:02,200
Speaker 1: of stopping the French are right from capturing power, and

1517
01:21:02,200 --> 01:21:05,040
Speaker 1: this has actually led to a theory in French historiography

1518
01:21:05,080 --> 01:21:09,479
Speaker 1: that France's itself immune to fascism in a unique way. Um.

1519
01:21:09,520 --> 01:21:11,960
Speaker 1: The story goes that a mix of France's long standing

1520
01:21:11,960 --> 01:21:14,080
Speaker 1: democratic traditions and the fact that it's right wing is

1521
01:21:14,080 --> 01:21:17,080
Speaker 1: split between its own native brands of extremism means the

1522
01:21:17,080 --> 01:21:20,200
Speaker 1: country can't fall into fascism. This is nonsense, I will

1523
01:21:20,200 --> 01:21:22,840
Speaker 1: tell you right now. I think this is sucking bullshit. Um.

1524
01:21:22,880 --> 01:21:25,200
Speaker 1: And there are a lot of scholars. The book France

1525
01:21:25,240 --> 01:21:28,400
Speaker 1: and Fascism is a very long scholarly treatise on why

1526
01:21:28,439 --> 01:21:31,920
Speaker 1: this is bullshit. Um. But a lot of French scholars

1527
01:21:32,000 --> 01:21:34,160
Speaker 1: after World War Two will argue this that like France

1528
01:21:34,240 --> 01:21:37,200
Speaker 1: is immune to fascism. Um. The reality is that France

1529
01:21:37,240 --> 01:21:39,559
Speaker 1: came very close to falling too fascism on the sixth

1530
01:21:39,640 --> 01:21:43,160
Speaker 1: and it did fall to fascism in now. This is

1531
01:21:43,160 --> 01:21:47,040
Speaker 1: by conquest, right. The Nazis, the fascist out gain power

1532
01:21:47,040 --> 01:21:50,639
Speaker 1: in France by elections. The Nazis conquer France. But when

1533
01:21:50,680 --> 01:21:53,120
Speaker 1: the Nazis take over, they needed to find a bunch

1534
01:21:53,160 --> 01:21:56,000
Speaker 1: of willing frenchmen to run v she France. And they

1535
01:21:56,040 --> 01:21:59,160
Speaker 1: find a ton of these guys, a huge and already

1536
01:21:59,240 --> 01:22:01,760
Speaker 1: radicalized group of French fascists who are ready to chip

1537
01:22:01,800 --> 01:22:04,160
Speaker 1: in and help out. And most of these guys who

1538
01:22:04,240 --> 01:22:06,880
Speaker 1: run v she France from the Nazis takeover. Are people

1539
01:22:06,920 --> 01:22:12,160
Speaker 1: who had been involved with the February six insurrection, right, yeah, exactly,

1540
01:22:12,240 --> 01:22:15,360
Speaker 1: like a ton of these day. Yeah, it's crazy that

1541
01:22:15,400 --> 01:22:19,400
Speaker 1: it's the six also yeah, and it's and it's the same,

1542
01:22:19,439 --> 01:22:24,559
Speaker 1: it's February six, right, it's very auntic. Like when I

1543
01:22:24,600 --> 01:22:27,120
Speaker 1: started reading about this, I was so fucking shocked because

1544
01:22:27,120 --> 01:22:28,439
Speaker 1: I was thinking, like, well, you know, if you want

1545
01:22:28,439 --> 01:22:30,679
Speaker 1: to find a good comparison to the January six, there's

1546
01:22:30,680 --> 01:22:34,559
Speaker 1: aspects of the Munich coup, there's aspects of of of

1547
01:22:34,600 --> 01:22:36,880
Speaker 1: the of the March on Rome, but like, oh, ship, no,

1548
01:22:37,040 --> 01:22:42,960
Speaker 1: it's it's it's feb six four, that's exactly what happens. Um.

1549
01:22:43,000 --> 01:22:45,559
Speaker 1: So a lot of French fascists who had been a

1550
01:22:45,560 --> 01:22:47,759
Speaker 1: part of, you know, what happened on the sixth wind

1551
01:22:47,840 --> 01:22:51,599
Speaker 1: up joining the Nazis. Remember Philippe Henrio, the Henriotte whatever,

1552
01:22:51,840 --> 01:22:53,960
Speaker 1: the right wing deputy who was basically the French q

1553
01:22:54,120 --> 01:22:56,280
Speaker 1: and on Glock congress person who was like, we need

1554
01:22:56,320 --> 01:22:59,680
Speaker 1: to overthrow the government. While he's in the government under occupation,

1555
01:23:00,080 --> 01:23:03,559
Speaker 1: this guy becomes the voice of Radio Vishi, broadcasting Nazi

1556
01:23:03,640 --> 01:23:07,320
Speaker 1: propaganda to millions of frenchmen. Pierre Tattinger, who founded one

1557
01:23:07,360 --> 01:23:10,080
Speaker 1: of the first paramilitary leagues, became the president of the

1558
01:23:10,080 --> 01:23:14,400
Speaker 1: Paris Municipal Council under the Nazis. Jean Chiapa, the fascist cop,

1559
01:23:14,600 --> 01:23:17,080
Speaker 1: was made high Commissioner of the Lavant, but thankfully died

1560
01:23:17,080 --> 01:23:19,280
Speaker 1: in a plane crash pretty soon after that, when he

1561
01:23:19,360 --> 01:23:26,080
Speaker 1: shot down over Lebanon by the Italian's accidentally. Yeah, Mars

1562
01:23:26,080 --> 01:23:30,320
Speaker 1: celebrated the Nazi victory as a divine surprise. Now, he

1563
01:23:30,360 --> 01:23:33,000
Speaker 1: was not a Nazi because he fucking hated German people,

1564
01:23:33,240 --> 01:23:35,600
Speaker 1: but he hated Jewish people more, and one of his

1565
01:23:35,680 --> 01:23:38,120
Speaker 1: chief complaints about the occupation is that it was too

1566
01:23:38,240 --> 01:23:41,360
Speaker 1: lenient on Jewish people. When the Third Reich fell and

1567
01:23:41,400 --> 01:23:45,320
Speaker 1: France was liberated, Mars was arrested and indicted for complicity

1568
01:23:45,400 --> 01:23:47,840
Speaker 1: with the enemy based on the pro Nazi articles he

1569
01:23:47,920 --> 01:23:50,560
Speaker 1: published at the start of the war. He was sentenced

1570
01:23:50,600 --> 01:23:54,280
Speaker 1: to life imprisonment. Upon his sentencing, Mars is said to

1571
01:23:54,360 --> 01:24:01,120
Speaker 1: have exclaimed, it's Dreyfus's revenge. Oh God, you brought it

1572
01:24:01,160 --> 01:24:04,760
Speaker 1: all the way back. It's perfect. It's a perfect circerfic

1573
01:24:05,960 --> 01:24:10,160
Speaker 1: O man, and somebody screenshot at his tweets put him

1574
01:24:10,200 --> 01:24:13,719
Speaker 1: in prison. Yeah, that's exactly what happens, more or less,

1575
01:24:14,760 --> 01:24:18,000
Speaker 1: and that prop is the story of February six, nineteen

1576
01:24:18,120 --> 01:24:27,320
Speaker 1: thirty four in Paris. All right, great time my one

1577
01:24:27,360 --> 01:24:34,400
Speaker 1: word haunting? Yeah yeah, yeah, I like yeah, because I

1578
01:24:34,400 --> 01:24:37,639
Speaker 1: didn't have I didn't know much about this either. So

1579
01:24:37,960 --> 01:24:42,160
Speaker 1: when I was joining the chorus of everybody who's fascinated

1580
01:24:42,240 --> 01:24:46,800
Speaker 1: with history, going guys, I'm telling you like this, we've

1581
01:24:46,800 --> 01:24:48,800
Speaker 1: seen this before. I don't know, I know there's no

1582
01:24:48,840 --> 01:24:52,120
Speaker 1: one to one, but we've seen something like this before

1583
01:24:52,640 --> 01:24:54,760
Speaker 1: this one. I'm like, oh, this is the clothes. This

1584
01:24:54,840 --> 01:24:57,960
Speaker 1: is the closest too. Like you said in the beginning,

1585
01:24:57,960 --> 01:25:00,880
Speaker 1: I'm like, oh damn, I wasn't even counting this. Yeah

1586
01:25:01,400 --> 01:25:04,479
Speaker 1: it was. It was some somebody sent me and I

1587
01:25:04,520 --> 01:25:06,680
Speaker 1: honestly forget who it was, but somebody, like somebody who

1588
01:25:06,720 --> 01:25:09,640
Speaker 1: I have texted with on signal text, said like you

1589
01:25:09,640 --> 01:25:13,160
Speaker 1: should look into January six, nineteen thirty four, and I did,

1590
01:25:13,200 --> 01:25:16,120
Speaker 1: and I'm like, oh my god, this is the same thing.

1591
01:25:18,520 --> 01:25:21,439
Speaker 1: So obviously it was a great a great you know

1592
01:25:22,280 --> 01:25:26,120
Speaker 1: episode for are the fascists who failed part of this? Yeah, yeah, yeah,

1593
01:25:26,240 --> 01:25:27,559
Speaker 1: And there's a lot of lessons to take out of

1594
01:25:27,560 --> 01:25:30,439
Speaker 1: this one of this is that the right loses when

1595
01:25:30,560 --> 01:25:33,920
Speaker 1: the left and liberals work together electorally. And other is

1596
01:25:33,960 --> 01:25:36,840
Speaker 1: that when the left and liberals work together electorally, they

1597
01:25:36,920 --> 01:25:39,439
Speaker 1: generally can't agree on enough to do anything that will

1598
01:25:39,479 --> 01:25:43,360
Speaker 1: actually stop the fascist from getting stronger. Um. That was

1599
01:25:43,400 --> 01:25:45,400
Speaker 1: one of my that was one of the biggest lessons

1600
01:25:45,479 --> 01:25:48,360
Speaker 1: I'm learning about this one is just like, oh, we're

1601
01:25:48,400 --> 01:25:52,040
Speaker 1: so progressive, we're so well. Me and my wife call it.

1602
01:25:52,080 --> 01:25:54,400
Speaker 1: You're so open minded, your clothes minded, you know what

1603
01:25:54,400 --> 01:25:57,360
Speaker 1: I'm saying, So like you just can't get it together

1604
01:25:57,360 --> 01:26:00,960
Speaker 1: because you're not open minded enough, you know. Yeah, And

1605
01:26:01,000 --> 01:26:04,080
Speaker 1: it's you know, I think a lot could argue that

1606
01:26:04,120 --> 01:26:07,320
Speaker 1: it's largely on the radicals because they have more power

1607
01:26:07,360 --> 01:26:09,360
Speaker 1: in the government and they kind of refused to do

1608
01:26:09,400 --> 01:26:13,360
Speaker 1: any sort of meaningful aid that could actually um have

1609
01:26:13,360 --> 01:26:16,840
Speaker 1: have clamped down on the far right. But also, like

1610
01:26:16,960 --> 01:26:18,559
Speaker 1: I don't want to like Negate number one, Like the

1611
01:26:18,600 --> 01:26:20,160
Speaker 1: media is a huge part of this, both in the

1612
01:26:20,240 --> 01:26:23,240
Speaker 1: United States and in France. Right, this alternate media ecosystem

1613
01:26:23,560 --> 01:26:25,720
Speaker 1: kind of means that like maybe even if the radicals

1614
01:26:25,720 --> 01:26:27,640
Speaker 1: had agreed with the socialists and they put out an

1615
01:26:27,640 --> 01:26:30,439
Speaker 1: effective aid package, would that have been enough to overcome

1616
01:26:30,439 --> 01:26:33,000
Speaker 1: the propaganda. And I don't know, nobody does. Nobody knows.

1617
01:26:33,080 --> 01:26:36,200
Speaker 1: But yeah, like I forget that there's a modern historian too.

1618
01:26:36,200 --> 01:26:39,280
Speaker 1: It's like we went from the information age to the

1619
01:26:39,400 --> 01:26:42,200
Speaker 1: age of belief to the belief age. You know what

1620
01:26:42,240 --> 01:26:45,040
Speaker 1: I'm saying. It's like we've actually switched ages. It's not information,

1621
01:26:45,040 --> 01:26:48,479
Speaker 1: it's belief, you know. So like and this media circus

1622
01:26:48,560 --> 01:26:51,639
Speaker 1: that we're all in of, like you know, the closed

1623
01:26:51,680 --> 01:26:55,000
Speaker 1: ecosystem of your of your confirmation bias means that information

1624
01:26:55,040 --> 01:26:57,880
Speaker 1: don't matter, belief do so. But at the end of

1625
01:26:57,880 --> 01:27:00,360
Speaker 1: the day, like like you said, like one could speculate,

1626
01:27:00,560 --> 01:27:04,519
Speaker 1: I just feel like anyone, anyone votes for somebody that

1627
01:27:04,560 --> 01:27:07,000
Speaker 1: puts food on a table, you know what I'm saying. So,

1628
01:27:07,160 --> 01:27:11,719
Speaker 1: like I said, if you put if someone's not into

1629
01:27:12,160 --> 01:27:16,560
Speaker 1: the specificities of of caring for and others, you know

1630
01:27:16,600 --> 01:27:18,880
Speaker 1: what I'm saying, Like like the way that we think

1631
01:27:18,920 --> 01:27:20,880
Speaker 1: about government and the way that it processes. But just

1632
01:27:21,000 --> 01:27:24,400
Speaker 1: as simple as I need to be able to feed

1633
01:27:24,439 --> 01:27:27,200
Speaker 1: my kids, and you're making this possible, you know what

1634
01:27:27,240 --> 01:27:29,800
Speaker 1: I'm saying, In a time that like I can't just

1635
01:27:29,840 --> 01:27:33,280
Speaker 1: go get it myself, you know, then why would I

1636
01:27:33,360 --> 01:27:35,280
Speaker 1: not vote for this? You know what I'm saying, Why

1637
01:27:35,280 --> 01:27:38,519
Speaker 1: would I not back this? Like, you know it cut

1638
01:27:38,560 --> 01:27:40,120
Speaker 1: me a check for two grand a month. I think

1639
01:27:40,120 --> 01:27:42,200
Speaker 1: it's great, you know. Yeah, And that's one of the

1640
01:27:42,240 --> 01:27:44,600
Speaker 1: things do lar Rock in this Cross the Fire group, like,

1641
01:27:44,640 --> 01:27:48,160
Speaker 1: they actually do provide aid to other struggling veterans, and

1642
01:27:48,200 --> 01:27:49,840
Speaker 1: that's a big part of their power and why they're

1643
01:27:49,840 --> 01:27:52,040
Speaker 1: able to all get together on stuff. And it's like, yeah,

1644
01:27:52,080 --> 01:27:54,799
Speaker 1: you know, it's it's there's a lot in these lessons.

1645
01:27:54,800 --> 01:27:56,599
Speaker 1: There's a lot in the stories of just like France

1646
01:27:56,600 --> 01:27:58,320
Speaker 1: and Spain were like one of the things we see

1647
01:27:58,360 --> 01:28:01,120
Speaker 1: when you compare them to Germany, it is that when

1648
01:28:01,160 --> 01:28:04,160
Speaker 1: the police and the military are more on the side

1649
01:28:04,280 --> 01:28:07,040
Speaker 1: of at least the center and democracy than they are

1650
01:28:07,120 --> 01:28:09,639
Speaker 1: on the side of the right, the right can't gain

1651
01:28:09,640 --> 01:28:12,760
Speaker 1: power through an insurrection. Right in Germany and Italy, the

1652
01:28:12,800 --> 01:28:15,520
Speaker 1: police and the military are on the side of the fascists,

1653
01:28:15,520 --> 01:28:20,720
Speaker 1: and so the insurrections work, um, you know eventually yeah, yeah,

1654
01:28:20,800 --> 01:28:22,880
Speaker 1: I mean in the Munich insurrection is stopped by the

1655
01:28:22,920 --> 01:28:25,240
Speaker 1: police and stuff. And like the reason the Spanish Civil

1656
01:28:25,280 --> 01:28:27,479
Speaker 1: War becomes a war is because most of the military

1657
01:28:27,520 --> 01:28:29,880
Speaker 1: and most of the police in Spain don't go with

1658
01:28:29,960 --> 01:28:34,400
Speaker 1: the fascists in France. It's kind of the same thing. Um,

1659
01:28:34,400 --> 01:28:36,960
Speaker 1: which is a lesson. I think there's a great lesson,

1660
01:28:37,560 --> 01:28:41,720
Speaker 1: confusing lessons in all of this. Yeah. Um. Another is

1661
01:28:41,760 --> 01:28:45,280
Speaker 1: that regardless of what the far left does, the far

1662
01:28:45,439 --> 01:28:50,400
Speaker 1: right will turn them into everyone who is left of center,

1663
01:28:50,560 --> 01:28:53,840
Speaker 1: right yeah yeah, and even if they don't do anything,

1664
01:28:53,880 --> 01:28:56,040
Speaker 1: they'll lie. It's like the kind of thing where you know,

1665
01:28:56,600 --> 01:29:00,160
Speaker 1: liberals during the election, we're like, look at the like

1666
01:29:00,200 --> 01:29:02,120
Speaker 1: all what you know, these anti for kids breaking all

1667
01:29:02,120 --> 01:29:04,639
Speaker 1: these windows are gonna lose us the election to Donald Trump.

1668
01:29:04,720 --> 01:29:08,200
Speaker 1: And it's like, that's actually not what happened because the

1669
01:29:08,320 --> 01:29:11,400
Speaker 1: right are we're so propaganda. Is that no matter what

1670
01:29:11,439 --> 01:29:14,200
Speaker 1: Antifa did, it wouldn't have if they just marched peacefully

1671
01:29:14,240 --> 01:29:16,519
Speaker 1: in the streets, the propaganda would have would have made

1672
01:29:16,560 --> 01:29:19,840
Speaker 1: them seem like the coming of a communist revolution. Um.

1673
01:29:19,880 --> 01:29:22,679
Speaker 1: What matters is that liberals not buy into it. And

1674
01:29:22,680 --> 01:29:25,800
Speaker 1: and that's that's what I feel like we did, where

1675
01:29:25,840 --> 01:29:27,519
Speaker 1: you were just like, hey, the the fund the police

1676
01:29:27,520 --> 01:29:29,559
Speaker 1: would have lost his election. Look, man, don't shoot at us.

1677
01:29:29,640 --> 01:29:33,240
Speaker 1: Dog Like yeah, look it did, isn't you know? It

1678
01:29:33,360 --> 01:29:36,200
Speaker 1: did hit number one. You know what I'm saying, you like,

1679
01:29:36,400 --> 01:29:39,880
Speaker 1: and as much as we could, unfortunately it's like well

1680
01:29:40,560 --> 01:29:46,000
Speaker 1: Trump fumbling Corona. Like it's like really yeah, but you

1681
01:29:46,080 --> 01:29:49,280
Speaker 1: know what I'm saying, so like, don't look man, same

1682
01:29:49,320 --> 01:29:52,120
Speaker 1: team bro. I'm just trying to tell you this is

1683
01:29:52,160 --> 01:29:58,720
Speaker 1: a good idea. Yeah man, Yeah, yeah, it's There's a

1684
01:29:58,760 --> 01:30:04,599
Speaker 1: lot a lot to next episode, our penultimate episode behind

1685
01:30:04,640 --> 01:30:08,519
Speaker 1: the Insurrections. We're gonna talk about the business plot. Um,

1686
01:30:08,720 --> 01:30:10,519
Speaker 1: so we're gonna be coming back home to the old

1687
01:30:10,640 --> 01:30:14,639
Speaker 1: US us of A. Yeah, that's gonna be good. That'll

1688
01:30:14,640 --> 01:30:18,400
Speaker 1: be Thursday. Um, But for now, prop, you wanna drop

1689
01:30:18,400 --> 01:30:22,680
Speaker 1: some plug doubles? Yes, yes, this yes, because I'm so

1690
01:30:22,760 --> 01:30:27,360
Speaker 1: excited because the pre save link for my first single

1691
01:30:27,400 --> 01:30:31,040
Speaker 1: on the next record is now out excellent profit pop

1692
01:30:31,120 --> 01:30:34,240
Speaker 1: dot com. Yes, and all my socials. Also, there's a

1693
01:30:34,280 --> 01:30:38,360
Speaker 1: new coffee roast called The Culture also available on the website.

1694
01:30:38,640 --> 01:30:42,920
Speaker 1: Uh pull it from Ethiopia and like tasted it myself,

1695
01:30:43,720 --> 01:30:48,240
Speaker 1: met the farmers. This is real stuff. Uh, and I

1696
01:30:48,360 --> 01:30:53,160
Speaker 1: will be on hood pot Dank Anderson Anderson you want

1697
01:30:53,200 --> 01:30:54,920
Speaker 1: some coffee? Dog I gotta do? Is d M me

1698
01:30:54,960 --> 01:30:56,920
Speaker 1: ho me like you ain't gotta like yell like that

1699
01:30:57,600 --> 01:30:59,800
Speaker 1: and I'm telling the truth like you're barking at me

1700
01:30:59,840 --> 01:31:06,960
Speaker 1: like online. Uh. And the politics were props, uh, shooting

1701
01:31:06,960 --> 01:31:09,599
Speaker 1: out doing that's going cool. You could get on all

1702
01:31:09,600 --> 01:31:13,600
Speaker 1: the all the all the podcast sections, and which was

1703
01:31:13,640 --> 01:31:17,160
Speaker 1: funny because like just now, one of the predictions, we're

1704
01:31:17,200 --> 01:31:20,880
Speaker 1: not just now. Last week, one of the predictions came true. Uh,

1705
01:31:20,960 --> 01:31:22,720
Speaker 1: and we kind of did a little funny little roast

1706
01:31:22,760 --> 01:31:25,759
Speaker 1: about that was the prediction of like the Proud Boys

1707
01:31:25,800 --> 01:31:30,160
Speaker 1: being infiltrated. Oh yeah, I told you I was infiltrated. Guys. Well,

1708
01:31:30,240 --> 01:31:32,160
Speaker 1: it's it's you know, it's one of the things that's

1709
01:31:32,160 --> 01:31:33,880
Speaker 1: frustrating to be about the Proud Boys is that, like

1710
01:31:34,080 --> 01:31:38,559
Speaker 1: Enrique Terrio was an FBI informant um. And this is

1711
01:31:39,000 --> 01:31:41,040
Speaker 1: being taken by a lot of the left to mean that, like, well,

1712
01:31:41,040 --> 01:31:43,400
Speaker 1: the f the Proud Boys were an FBI op from

1713
01:31:43,439 --> 01:31:45,679
Speaker 1: the beginning, and like, of course that's not really how

1714
01:31:45,680 --> 01:31:48,000
Speaker 1: it like, it's this it's this thing, you see, it's

1715
01:31:48,000 --> 01:31:49,880
Speaker 1: the thing that j Edgar Hoover wrote about were like

1716
01:31:49,880 --> 01:31:52,200
Speaker 1: one of his goals with co Intel pro was to

1717
01:31:52,240 --> 01:31:55,000
Speaker 1: make the FBI seems so powerful and omnipresent that people

1718
01:31:55,040 --> 01:31:58,439
Speaker 1: would think they were responsible for everything. Um, And it's

1719
01:31:58,520 --> 01:32:01,720
Speaker 1: less that and more that like Enrique Tario is the

1720
01:32:01,800 --> 01:32:05,479
Speaker 1: kind of person who is immediately going to roll on

1721
01:32:05,520 --> 01:32:09,360
Speaker 1: everybody that he was involved with. UM yeah yeah yeah

1722
01:32:09,600 --> 01:32:12,720
Speaker 1: that that that Yeah, that like goes back to me

1723
01:32:12,840 --> 01:32:14,800
Speaker 1: like in the left where I'm like, in the same way,

1724
01:32:14,840 --> 01:32:16,240
Speaker 1: I'll be looking at like a lot of the right

1725
01:32:16,280 --> 01:32:18,400
Speaker 1: wing people and I'm like, yo, where's your antenna's man,

1726
01:32:18,520 --> 01:32:21,639
Speaker 1: like discerned this situation? You Like, that's not what's happening.

1727
01:32:21,960 --> 01:32:23,599
Speaker 1: You feel me? And I feel like with this one,

1728
01:32:23,640 --> 01:32:25,639
Speaker 1: that's one of those situations to where I'm just like, yeah,

1729
01:32:25,720 --> 01:32:29,280
Speaker 1: you said the whole thing is an FBI front, Like

1730
01:32:29,280 --> 01:32:32,960
Speaker 1: like it's come on, man, we anten is bro. No,

1731
01:32:33,240 --> 01:32:35,200
Speaker 1: they got a guy of course, a bunch of them

1732
01:32:35,200 --> 01:32:38,439
Speaker 1: were talking to the FEDS. Yeah they got like yeah,

1733
01:32:38,600 --> 01:32:40,680
Speaker 1: they saw the same they saw the same problem as

1734
01:32:40,720 --> 01:32:43,240
Speaker 1: we saw, and they said, we better do something about

1735
01:32:43,240 --> 01:32:44,840
Speaker 1: this ship. You know what I'm saying. We don't want

1736
01:32:44,880 --> 01:32:47,880
Speaker 1: another gang that's like one another gang. Yeah, We're we're

1737
01:32:47,920 --> 01:32:51,240
Speaker 1: the top gang, you know, yes. Um, but it's like

1738
01:32:51,600 --> 01:32:54,040
Speaker 1: people will believe what they believe. It's like with Epstein

1739
01:32:54,200 --> 01:32:57,439
Speaker 1: and with Stevitski, you know, yeah, you know, maybe he

1740
01:32:57,520 --> 01:33:00,479
Speaker 1: killed himself, maybe he didn't, you know, he maybe was

1741
01:33:00,600 --> 01:33:03,000
Speaker 1: murdered because he knew. And it's like, you know, fucking

1742
01:33:03,000 --> 01:33:05,640
Speaker 1: a with both Epstein and Stevitsky, you look at the

1743
01:33:05,680 --> 01:33:07,720
Speaker 1: response of the people in power to and it's like, yeah,

1744
01:33:07,760 --> 01:33:10,280
Speaker 1: it's pretty fucking sus You know, you don't want his

1745
01:33:10,479 --> 01:33:13,479
Speaker 1: you do not want his pass code, you don't want that.

1746
01:33:13,680 --> 01:33:17,599
Speaker 1: If if that fool's phone got hacked, broken into all

1747
01:33:17,640 --> 01:33:20,760
Speaker 1: the text messages on that, yeah, it's all bad. Yeah,

1748
01:33:20,840 --> 01:33:22,640
Speaker 1: And I mean it comes back to the fact that

1749
01:33:22,680 --> 01:33:25,519
Speaker 1: one of the reasons why conspiratorial thinking can be so

1750
01:33:25,640 --> 01:33:28,040
Speaker 1: influential and spread so quick, can be so hard to fight,

1751
01:33:28,240 --> 01:33:30,360
Speaker 1: is that there's a funk load of actual conspiracy is

1752
01:33:30,360 --> 01:33:33,320
Speaker 1: happening all the time. You know what I'm saying. It's

1753
01:33:33,320 --> 01:33:34,680
Speaker 1: the same thing with like, like like we talked about the

1754
01:33:34,680 --> 01:33:36,559
Speaker 1: anti Baxter thing, where it's like, it's not like the

1755
01:33:36,600 --> 01:33:39,000
Speaker 1: medical industry is helping you know what I'm saying, Like,

1756
01:33:39,280 --> 01:33:43,240
Speaker 1: it's not it's not like perdue pharmaceuticals reputation helps people

1757
01:33:43,320 --> 01:33:46,840
Speaker 1: trust vaccine. You know what I'm saying. A sackler family

1758
01:33:46,840 --> 01:33:51,000
Speaker 1: and ship like, y'all crooks. I know you're crooks. That's said.

1759
01:33:51,280 --> 01:33:55,000
Speaker 1: I don't know nobody that got polio. Mm hmm. You

1760
01:33:55,080 --> 01:33:58,400
Speaker 1: know I'm saying, so yeah, ship, Yeah. Anyway, it's it's

1761
01:33:58,479 --> 01:34:02,320
Speaker 1: it's all great and great. Our next episode will be

1762
01:34:02,360 --> 01:34:07,880
Speaker 1: great too. Let's talk about how the history Robert's Twitter feed.

1763
01:34:07,920 --> 01:34:10,759
Speaker 1: You can follow him that I write. I don't recommend

1764
01:34:10,760 --> 01:34:13,200
Speaker 1: that at all. Stay the off of Twitter. I think

1765
01:34:13,240 --> 01:34:15,800
Speaker 1: it's great. And you dropped some few gyms recently. As

1766
01:34:15,800 --> 01:34:17,120
Speaker 1: a matter of fact, I was waiting at this when

1767
01:34:17,120 --> 01:34:20,840
Speaker 1: to talk about the to talk about the Trout bait

1768
01:34:20,920 --> 01:34:26,120
Speaker 1: shop tweet. That was brilliant. I'm giving you what was it?

1769
01:34:26,560 --> 01:34:30,200
Speaker 1: Funk around and what was what was it about the

1770
01:34:30,200 --> 01:34:34,200
Speaker 1: the bait shop? Was it? It was funk around and

1771
01:34:34,680 --> 01:34:37,519
Speaker 1: I'll find out. Yeah, oh yeah, funk around and find

1772
01:34:37,520 --> 01:34:41,840
Speaker 1: Trout around and find Trout. I was like, let's go

1773
01:34:42,479 --> 01:34:45,600
Speaker 1: id Like to me, I was like, look, that's you

1774
01:34:45,680 --> 01:34:49,160
Speaker 1: caught out. Whatever you want. That's a brilliant I think

1775
01:34:49,160 --> 01:34:51,679
Speaker 1: we can make a lot of money. That's that's my

1776
01:34:51,880 --> 01:34:54,639
Speaker 1: that's my retirement plan. It's funk around and find Trout.

1777
01:34:55,000 --> 01:34:57,759
Speaker 1: It's brilliant. It's brilliant. Let me tell you why, because

1778
01:34:58,040 --> 01:35:01,680
Speaker 1: I wait, one time in my life too. Uh oh,

1779
01:35:01,680 --> 01:35:03,640
Speaker 1: we talked about before when I ended up in Wyoming

1780
01:35:03,680 --> 01:35:06,559
Speaker 1: and wantanna fly fishing. Just on the most the most

1781
01:35:06,640 --> 01:35:09,200
Speaker 1: random thing. I just got these friends in different places

1782
01:35:09,240 --> 01:35:12,679
Speaker 1: that allow me to do just white ship right. But

1783
01:35:13,080 --> 01:35:15,760
Speaker 1: it don't have to be white ship. It don't have

1784
01:35:15,880 --> 01:35:19,120
Speaker 1: to be like what if I like fishing, what if

1785
01:35:19,120 --> 01:35:22,320
Speaker 1: I think rainbow trout is beautiful. It's just uncomfortable to

1786
01:35:22,360 --> 01:35:25,479
Speaker 1: walk into the trout store, the fish store, and look

1787
01:35:25,520 --> 01:35:27,280
Speaker 1: around and just be like, oh, I look like a

1788
01:35:27,280 --> 01:35:30,200
Speaker 1: don't belong here, Like you made it very clear that

1789
01:35:30,280 --> 01:35:32,439
Speaker 1: I should not be in this place. But if it's

1790
01:35:32,479 --> 01:35:36,680
Speaker 1: called around and find trout, I'm like, let's shop there. Bro,

1791
01:35:36,800 --> 01:35:40,520
Speaker 1: this fool cool. It's it's a it's a radical intersectional

1792
01:35:40,840 --> 01:35:49,400
Speaker 1: bait and tackle shop, delicious and rainbow trying. I'm I'm like,

1793
01:35:50,000 --> 01:35:52,719
Speaker 1: I'm like a b minus pestytarian, you know what I'm saying.

1794
01:35:52,760 --> 01:35:55,760
Speaker 1: Like I basically eat fish, except I live in boiled heights,

1795
01:35:55,760 --> 01:35:59,600
Speaker 1: So the tacos are flawless, So break rules for the tacos.

1796
01:35:59,640 --> 01:36:03,479
Speaker 1: But bro, tuck around and find trout. Let's go fuck

1797
01:36:03,560 --> 01:36:07,800
Speaker 1: around and find trout Day y'all. Have y'all made the

1798
01:36:07,880 --> 01:36:11,640
Speaker 1: C shirt yet? Oh no, no we have not, but

1799
01:36:12,120 --> 01:36:14,840
Speaker 1: now that it's been in an episode, we can needs

1800
01:36:14,880 --> 01:36:20,600
Speaker 1: to be a T shirt anyway. Anyways, that's that's the episode.

1801
01:36:20,840 --> 01:36:28,200
Speaker 1: Have a nice rest of your day. Yeah Yeah. On

1802
01:36:28,320 --> 01:36:32,240
Speaker 1: April four, Dr Martin Luther King was shot and killed

1803
01:36:32,280 --> 01:36:36,200
Speaker 1: in Memphis. A petty criminal named James Earl Ray was arrested.

1804
01:36:36,560 --> 01:36:42,719
Speaker 1: Case closed right. James Ylvy was upon for the official story.

1805
01:36:43,120 --> 01:36:46,080
Speaker 1: Some of the evidence, as far as I was concerned,

1806
01:36:46,120 --> 01:36:50,120
Speaker 1: did not match the circumstances. This is the MLK tapes.

1807
01:36:50,479 --> 01:36:53,479
Speaker 1: The first episodes are available now. Listen on the I

1808
01:36:53,560 --> 01:36:57,360
Speaker 1: Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

1809
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Speaker 1: Adoption of teen from foster care is a topic not

1810
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Speaker 1: enough people know about, and we're here to change that.

1811
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Speaker 1: I'm April Dinuity, host of the new podcast Navigating Adoption

1812
01:37:07,720 --> 01:37:11,360
Speaker 1: presented by adopt us Kids. Each episode brings you compelling,

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Speaker 1: real life adoption stories told by the families that lived them,

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Speaker 1: with commentary from experts. Visit adopt us Kids dot org,

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Speaker 1: slash podcast, or subscribe to Navigating Adoption presented by adopt

1816
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Speaker 1: us Kids, brought to you by the U. S Department

1817
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Speaker 1: of Health, that Human Services, Administration for Children and Families,

1818
01:37:27,280 --> 01:37:30,639
Speaker 1: and the ACT Council. Hello, and welcome to our show.

1819
01:37:30,760 --> 01:37:32,920
Speaker 1: I'm Zoia de Chanelle and I'm so excited to be

1820
01:37:33,000 --> 01:37:35,600
Speaker 1: joined by my friends and cast meates Hannah Simone and

1821
01:37:35,680 --> 01:37:39,400
Speaker 1: Lamar and Morris to recap our hit television series, New Girl.

1822
01:37:39,680 --> 01:37:42,800
Speaker 1: Join us every Monday on the Welcome to Our Show podcast,

1823
01:37:42,880 --> 01:37:45,240
Speaker 1: where we'll share behind the scenes stories of your favorite

1824
01:37:45,240 --> 01:37:48,000
Speaker 1: New Girl episodes. Each week, we answer all your burning

1825
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Speaker 1: questions like is there really a bear in every episode

1826
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Speaker 1: of New Girl? Plus you'll hear hilarious stories like this

1827
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Speaker 1: that was one of years. Thanks you brought back from

1828
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Speaker 1: Yeah all professional possible players. Yeah, a little seven ft hoop. Yeah.

1829
01:38:04,400 --> 01:38:06,519
Speaker 1: Listen to the Welcome to Our Show podcast on the

1830
01:38:06,560 --> 01:38:09,960
Speaker 1: I Heart Radio app, Apple podcast, or wherever you get

1831
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Speaker 1: your podcasts.