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Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, winding it down with a couple of more

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Speaker 1: here from me, at least, with the Stuff You Should

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Speaker 1: Know Gets Weird playlist. Have you ever seen The Blue People?

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Speaker 1: There's a thing where, I'm not going to spoil it,

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Speaker 1: but let's just say there's a thing that happens where

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Speaker 1: people's skin can turn blue. And this is the episode

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Speaker 1: called What's the Deal with Blue People? And no, not

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Speaker 1: David Cross and Arrested Development or.

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Speaker 2: The Blue Man Group.

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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 3: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and

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Speaker 3: there's Charles W. Chuck Bryan over there. And Jerry was

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Speaker 3: just here. She said, peace out, suckas. And this is

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Speaker 3: Stuff You Should Know, of course.

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Speaker 2: It was nice of her to log on to say goodbye.

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Speaker 1: Right.

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Speaker 2: No, we're just kidding, Jerry. She's been busy lately.

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Speaker 1: Yeah.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: That happens.

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Speaker 3: It totally happens in this busy go-go world of 2021.

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Speaker 3: Almost 2022. The double deuce.

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Speaker 2: This year has just flown by.

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Speaker 3: It really has. I think mercifully, because this is going

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Speaker 3: to be part of the lost years when we look back,

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Speaker 3: you know?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it felt like 2020 took 18 years.

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Speaker 3: Right.

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Speaker 2: And somehow 2021 has just like been in a snap.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: I don't know what's going on.

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Speaker 3: I don't think anyone does anymore, Chuck, so don't feel bad.

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Speaker 2: Can we shout out the people and sources that helped

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Speaker 2: us along for this one? Well, our buddy Dave Ruse

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Speaker 2: wrote an article for How Stuff Works.

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Speaker 3: Ta-da!

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Speaker 2: And I found a great article from Wired. I forgot

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Speaker 2: how much I love Wired. That's from Mallory Pickett. And

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Speaker 2: BBC News, ABC News, NPR, Morning A Dish, which is

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Speaker 2: always a fun listen. National Library of Medicine here in

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Speaker 2: the U.S. And then, as always, I feel like it

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Speaker 2: makes appearance in every episode, jamaicahospital.org. That's right. Surprisingly helpful.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: Maybe not surprisingly.

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Speaker 3: I wonder, is it Jamaica, Queens or Jamaica, Jamaica?

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Speaker 2: Oh, you know what? I was thinking Jamaica, Jamaica. It

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Speaker 2: may be Jamaica, Queens. Yeah.

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Speaker 3: Should I Jamaica scene? Jamaica, Queens?

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Speaker 2: My neighbor across the street neighbor is from Jamaica, the country. Mm-hmm.

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Speaker 2: And I feel like a heel now because I was like, hey,

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Speaker 2: that hospital website's great, Pat. She's like, what are you

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Speaker 2: talking about?

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Speaker 3: She's like, okay, great. Glad you like some random hospital website. Oh, boy.

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Speaker 3: So we're talking today. You went and found some medical stuff.

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Speaker 3: That's why you went to look at JamaicaHospital.org, I'm guessing,

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Speaker 3: because we're talking about a really interesting condition and actually

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Speaker 3: a few kinds of conditions that have something– unusual and common,

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Speaker 3: and that is that the people who suffer from these

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Speaker 3: conditions have blue skin. Blue skin. You heard it here first, everybody,

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Speaker 3: even though this really first started hitting the presses in 2008.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean, you didn't hear it here first. I mean,

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Speaker 2: this is all over the internet, but we're talking about

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Speaker 2: not the Blue Man Group, but the Blue People Group

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Speaker 2: of Kentucky. It's a family that is, I guess it's

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Speaker 2: pronounced Fugate?

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Speaker 1: Mm-hmm.

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Speaker 2: It's not Fugate?

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Speaker 3: No, that's Italian. He was from France.

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Speaker 2: Well, that's a spoiler.

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Speaker 3: Oh, is it? I'm sorry. I take it back, everyone.

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Speaker 2: You know, it's not a spoiler, but for some reason,

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Speaker 2: when I saw that, the original Martin Fugate was from France.

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Speaker 2: I'm not sure what part of France, but I was like, huh,

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Speaker 2: that's surprising. I was like, I don't know why it

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Speaker 2: would be.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, he could have come from anywhere in the world

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Speaker 3: and he would have been like a completely overlookable person.

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Speaker 3: I think totally lost to history had it not been

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Speaker 3: for the rare, rare genetic mutation that he happened to

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Speaker 3: carry with him. And even that wouldn't have gotten him

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Speaker 3: into the history books, Chuck. Even that wouldn't have. Instead,

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Speaker 3: it took Martin Fugate to happen upon against all odds.

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Speaker 3: To have found a wife who he was not related to,

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Speaker 3: who was a total stranger from a totally different country,

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Speaker 3: who also happened to have that same rare genetic mutation.

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Speaker 3: And when the two get together, kapow, blue kids start

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Speaker 3: popping out.

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Speaker 2: That's right. He came over from France to Kentucky, to

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Speaker 2: the Blue Hills of Kentucky, ironically.

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Speaker 3: Oh, wow. I hadn't thought about that.

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Speaker 2: In 1820. And like I said, he was from France

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Speaker 2: and he was an orphan, so he didn't know a

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Speaker 2: lot about his his family as far as whether or

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Speaker 2: not any of them were blue, I guess.

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Speaker 3: No. Or if so, he wasn't piping up about it. Yeah.

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Speaker 2: Maybe he just kept it quiet. But he did marry

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Speaker 2: a redheaded American named Elizabeth Smith, and they headed on

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Speaker 2: over to Troublesome Creek near Hazard County in Kentucky and

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Speaker 2: set up a homestead there. And it is a, I mean,

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Speaker 2: one of the doctors from one of these articles said,

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Speaker 2: you know, it's maybe one in a 100,000 chance that

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Speaker 2: you even have this genetic mutation. And he said, but,

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Speaker 2: you know, once you start, I guess there's no other

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Speaker 2: way to say it. Once you start inbreeding, which can

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Speaker 2: happen in the 1800s in the ruralness of Kentucky, he

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Speaker 2: said that can go down all the way to like

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Speaker 2: one in eight chance. And that's exactly what happened.

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Speaker 3: Yeah. I was surprised it was even one in eight,

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Speaker 3: but there's some little fluke of genetics that, um, that

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Speaker 3: you have to When you're talking about probability and genetics,

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Speaker 3: it's a little more difficult than half and half.

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Speaker 2: It's not straight math.

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Speaker 3: Yeah. So apparently Martin himself possibly had a little bit

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Speaker 3: of blue to him. His wife Elizabeth had no blue

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Speaker 3: to her. She apparently had very, very pale skin and

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Speaker 3: bright red hair. But when the two got together and

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Speaker 3: those two genetic mutations donated... their mutations to that specific gene,

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Speaker 3: the kids that they had were like irresistibly blue. Like

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Speaker 3: there was no confusing. It's not like, yeah, Martin's kind

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Speaker 3: of blue. Have you ever noticed? Maybe he needs to

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Speaker 3: breathe more deeply. This was like straight up blue kids.

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Speaker 3: I've even seen them described as dark blue, not even

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Speaker 3: a bluish hue or tint or tinge, dark blue skinned children.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, four of seven were blue. And it's funny you

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Speaker 2: said that she was not, the mother was not blue tinted.

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Speaker 2: But I imagine like before they knew about genetics and inbreeding,

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Speaker 2: if she would have been a little blue, that might

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Speaker 2: have been a reason to get together. You know what

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Speaker 2: I mean?

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Speaker 3: No, I don't.

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Speaker 2: Explain. Well, blue man happens to meet blue woman and

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Speaker 2: they're like, geez, there's another one like me. And, you know,

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Speaker 2: we've been sort of, you know, sort of embarrassing and

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Speaker 2: maybe we're cast out a little bit. So let's hitch

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Speaker 2: our wagons together because there's probably nothing wrong with us

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Speaker 2: having kids, right? Because medical science hadn't known that at

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Speaker 2: that point.

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Speaker 3: It's a story as old as time, Chuck.

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Speaker 2: But it was just complete happenstance though.

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Speaker 3: Right. Yeah. So and I wonder also, like it was

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Speaker 3: significant to me that they pointed out that his wife,

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Speaker 3: Elizabeth Smith Fugate's skin was almost translucent. It was so

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Speaker 3: pale because I wonder if she donated that to her children,

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Speaker 3: which allowed the blue to really shine through even more.

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Speaker 2: Oh, maybe.

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Speaker 3: It's possible.

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Speaker 2: Like the ultimate recipe for blueness?

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Speaker 3: Exactly. And they actually became known as this blue family.

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Speaker 3: And they were not particularly proud of their blue skin.

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Speaker 3: I think they were a little freaked out about it.

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Speaker 3: I think that their neighbors may not have particularly treated

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Speaker 3: them well. And so they already lived in like a

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Speaker 3: pretty isolated part of Appalachia. But they took pains to

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Speaker 3: actually isolate themselves even further. And one of the consequences

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Speaker 3: of that was something you touched upon that that meant

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Speaker 3: that their son married their aunt and cousins married cousins,

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Speaker 3: even if they were way too close to be marrying.

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Speaker 3: And so one of the products of this intermarriage was

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Speaker 3: an entire small regional population of blue families or families

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Speaker 3: who have blue children or blue family members because these

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Speaker 3: neighbor families were were still blood relatives of the fugates

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Speaker 3: who initially settled this area and just started reproducing through inbreeding.

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Speaker 2: That's right. And the condition that they had is not

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Speaker 2: a skin condition at all. It's actually a blood disorder,

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Speaker 2: like you mentioned. And it's called medemoglobinemia. Is that pretty good?

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Speaker 3: Wow. So it's not meth? No. Okay. Oh, I'm glad

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Speaker 3: you said it first then.

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Speaker 2: I actually took great pains today to look up. Between

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Speaker 2: this and the other episode, we're recording pronunciations.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: And when you look at medemoglobinemia, that is 17 letters of,

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Speaker 2: it's a mouthful of letters.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, pure hell.

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Speaker 2: It's really one of those that I looked at over

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Speaker 2: and over and just could not get it right in

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Speaker 2: my head until I, you know, went and looked it

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Speaker 2: up on the internet. And I was like, oh, it's

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Speaker 2: not so hard.

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Speaker 3: All right, let me try. Let me try. Medemoglobinemia.

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Speaker 2: I think it's more of a T than a D.

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Speaker 3: Okay. What about a B? Do you want me to

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Speaker 3: try that one next?

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Speaker 2: This is like the worst acting audition ever.

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Speaker 3: Let me give you another one. What's my motivation here?

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Speaker 2: To get through this episode.

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Speaker 3: Okay. Fair enough.

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Speaker 2: So we're going to touch a little bit on melanin

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Speaker 2: throughout this episode, but you remember melanin from our, I think,

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Speaker 2: pretty good episode on sunscreen and suntans, right? And this is,

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Speaker 2: you know, special cells in the body and the skin

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Speaker 2: make melanin, And melanin is responsible for coloring your skin.

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Speaker 2: And there are all kinds of different melanin disorders, whether

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Speaker 2: you have too much or too little, whether it will

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Speaker 2: make your skin lighter or darker, or whether or not

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Speaker 2: it happens in patches. I had a friend in Los

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Speaker 2: Angeles with vitiligo.

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Speaker 3: I have a friend, too.

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Speaker 1: Oh, you do?

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Speaker 2: Which leads to patches of light skin on the body.

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Speaker 2: Isn't that what Michael Jackson claimed to have had, too? Yes.

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Speaker 2: Was that verified?

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Speaker 3: I don't know.

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Speaker 2: I don't know either.

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Speaker 3: I really don't know.

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Speaker 2: I just remember there was a big stink when that

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Speaker 2: came out, and everyone was like, yeah, right.

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Speaker 3: Well, the reason why it was like, really? You got vitiligo?

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Speaker 3: Because it's usually patches, like the melanocytes, the melanin-producing cells

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Speaker 3: just kind of poop out or crap out in an area,

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Speaker 3: and it leaves patches without pigment. Not your entire face

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Speaker 3: without pigment, but who knows?

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Speaker 2: Well, I think his... I think what he said was

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Speaker 2: that he bleached his skin to match the light patches

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Speaker 2: was his reasoning.

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Speaker 3: Oh, well, that's fairly reasonable. You know, if you're self-conscious

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Speaker 3: about vitiligo and you have a ton of money, you

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Speaker 3: could do something like that.

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Speaker 2: Who knows?

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Speaker 3: Who knows?

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Speaker 2: Should we talk about skin color or should we take

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Speaker 2: an awkward Michael Jackson break?

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Speaker 3: I think we just did. But the point is this

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Speaker 3: that I think you're making, Chuck, is that Changes in, like,

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Speaker 3: your skin color typically have to do with a lack

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Speaker 3: of or an overproduction of melanin, right? That's right. What

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Speaker 3: we're talking about, metemoglobinemia, right?

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Speaker 2: Yep.

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Speaker 3: Is actually a blood disorder. It has nothing to do

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Speaker 3: with the skin. It just shines through that super translucent

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Speaker 3: skin that we have.

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Speaker 2: Right. So what's going on here in the body?

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Speaker 3: Oh, yeah.

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Speaker 1: Okay.

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Speaker 2: Okay.

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Speaker 3: So, you know.

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Speaker 2: Are you surprised I'm asking you to do this?

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Speaker 3: I'm a little surprised. I thought we maybe tag-teamed this one.

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Speaker 3: But okay, okay. So, you have like a pinkish hue

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Speaker 3: to you typically. Thank you. Being Caucasian because there's not

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Speaker 3: a ton of melanin that's blocking the blood supply underneath

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Speaker 3: in your tissues. It's kind of shining through. And your

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Speaker 3: blood is red. And the reason it's red, Chuck, is because?

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Speaker 2: But the reason why blood is red? Well, remember in

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Speaker 2: school they teach you that your blood is blue until

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Speaker 2: you get cut and then it hits the air.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, that's not true.

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Speaker 2: And then it turns red. That's what you hear on

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Speaker 2: the playground in elementary school.

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Speaker 3: From dumb kids.

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Speaker 2: But that is not true. And I bet you anything

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Speaker 2: kids are still spreading that mistruth on the playground.

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Speaker 3: Yeah. It's got some staying power for sure as far

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Speaker 3: as rumors go.

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Speaker 2: And you know what? My dad will sue your dad

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Speaker 2: for all the money he's got. Did you guys threaten lawsuits?

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Speaker 3: Sure. We were very litigious.

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Speaker 2: Kids did, though. It was very funny.

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Speaker 3: We were like little Puritans in Salem town.

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Speaker 2: That's right. So blood is red. That was the question, right?

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Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah.

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Speaker 3: Why is blood red? Right.

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Speaker 2: Because, I don't know, we've talked about this before, but

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Speaker 2: it's because our red blood cells have hemoglobin. It's a protein.

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Speaker 2: And it gets its red color from something called heme.

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Speaker 2: It's a compound that has an iron atom in there.

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Speaker 2: And that iron atom is the key. That's what binds

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Speaker 2: with oxygen and allows red blood cells to get oxygen

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Speaker 2: all over the body. And that's sort of what makes

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Speaker 2: us tick.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, it definitely is. I mean, that oxygen is super important.

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Speaker 3: So we want to have super red, rich hemoglobin blood, right?

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Speaker 3: Our bodies also produce something else called metemoglobins, I guess

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Speaker 3: is how you would pronounce it. That is not how

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Speaker 3: I've been pronouncing it in my head. But these metemoglobins

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Speaker 3: are basically the same thing as hemoglobins, but they have

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Speaker 3: a different kind of iron attached to them. The iron

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Speaker 3: they have is like there's really no other way to

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Speaker 3: put it. Well, actually, there's plenty of other ways to

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Speaker 3: put it. But one way you could put it is

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Speaker 3: that it's rusted. It's oxidized iron, which means that it's

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Speaker 3: missing an electron that it would need to bind to oxygen,

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Speaker 3: which means it's useless for transporting oxygen through the blood.

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Speaker 3: So if you have a bunch of metemoglobin built up

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Speaker 3: in your blood, your blood can reasonably turn blue. You

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Speaker 3: also may have some problems breathing because you don't have

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Speaker 3: any oxygen in your blood. Although that's not true, I'm sorry.

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Speaker 3: You would be able to breathe perfectly fine, but it

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Speaker 3: wouldn't clear up necessarily the lack of oxygen in your

289
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Speaker 3: blood because it's on a blood level rather than something

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Speaker 3: to do with your lungs.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, that was my one question because... doctor after doctor

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Speaker 2: has confirmed that metivoglobinemia doesn't present any health issues. But

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Speaker 2: how can that be possible that your blood is having

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Speaker 2: trouble carrying oxygen through your body and it doesn't matter?

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Speaker 3: I had a really hard time with that too. And

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Speaker 3: the best I could come up with as far as

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Speaker 3: an answer, which is not definitive, but the best I

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Speaker 3: could come up with is that there's a threshold where

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Speaker 3: your blood will turn blue, where you have enough metemoglobins

300
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Speaker 3: in there that it's blue, but there's not so many

301
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Speaker 3: metemoglobins that you're actually having trouble with your oxygen in

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Speaker 3: your body. So it can turn blue long before you

303
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Speaker 3: actually suffer from the effects of low oxygen. Does that

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Speaker 3: make sense?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I guess that makes sense. And isn't the threshold...

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Speaker 2: To turn your skin blue, like a really low percentage even?

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Speaker 3: Like 1% of metemoglobins. If your blood is 1% metemoglobins,

308
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Speaker 3: you can start to turn blue, right? So it doesn't

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00:16:00,200 --> 00:16:03,900
Speaker 3: take very much, which means that you have 99% of

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Speaker 3: the globins in your blood are hemoglobin, which means you're

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Speaker 3: still able to get all the oxygen you need. You

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00:16:12,170 --> 00:16:14,530
Speaker 3: just have maybe a little less than somebody else. That's

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Speaker 3: my best guess from what I saw. And I... I

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Speaker 3: think at this point in our understanding of metemoglobinemia, it's

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Speaker 3: as good as anybody's.

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Speaker 2: Well, that sounds like a perfect place for a break.

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Speaker 3: Okay.

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Speaker 2: And we'll be right back to talk a little bit

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Speaker 2: more about this and other interesting blood conditions right after this.

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Speaker 2: Thank you.

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Speaker 3: So, Chuck, we were talking about metemoglobinemia. And the reason,

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Speaker 3: like I think one of us said earlier, that the

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Speaker 3: body naturally produces these things, these metemoglobins. But we also

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Speaker 3: produce an enzyme that can convert excess metemoglobins into hemoglobin.

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Speaker 3: And it's got a doozy of a name, which I

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Speaker 3: just love. May I take this one?

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Speaker 2: Yes.

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Speaker 3: This enzyme is called reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cytochrome B5 reductase.

329
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Speaker 3: One of the great all-time names.

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Speaker 2: What's its nickname? Sparky?

331
00:17:30,010 --> 00:17:31,750
Speaker 3: It has no nickname. You have to say the entire

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Speaker 3: thing every time. And so this enzyme, reduced nicotinamide adenine

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00:17:37,609 --> 00:17:43,679
Speaker 3: dinucleotide cytochrome B5 reductase, is actually capable of converting the

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00:17:43,960 --> 00:17:50,090
Speaker 3: iron from its ferric state in metemoglobin's into its ferrous state,

335
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Speaker 3: which is capable of binding with oxygen, like the kind

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00:17:53,310 --> 00:17:55,830
Speaker 3: that's found in hemoglobin. So for all intents and purposes,

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00:17:56,290 --> 00:18:01,859
Speaker 3: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cytochrome B5 reductase is capable of

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00:18:01,930 --> 00:18:06,260
Speaker 3: converting metemoglobins into hemoglobin, and most of us are able

339
00:18:06,300 --> 00:18:09,359
Speaker 3: to do that. But if you're like a fugate and

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00:18:09,400 --> 00:18:13,040
Speaker 3: you have that rare genetic condition where both parents donated

341
00:18:13,080 --> 00:18:17,859
Speaker 3: that mutation to you, And you develop metemoglobinemia. But there's

342
00:18:17,940 --> 00:18:24,270
Speaker 3: some reduced amount of reduced nicotinamide, adenine, dinucleotide, cytochrome B5 reductase,

343
00:18:24,310 --> 00:18:29,150
Speaker 3: which means that metemoglobins that you naturally produce are able

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Speaker 3: to build up and accumulate in your blood. And when

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00:18:31,510 --> 00:18:34,770
Speaker 3: they do that, that's how you start to turn blue.

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Speaker 3: That's how you cross that 1% threshold.

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Speaker 2: That's right. And this is one of the rare times

348
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Speaker 2: where you can actually have a genetic condition that's Pretty

349
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Speaker 2: easily solved. And in this case, it's just a pill.

350
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Speaker 2: And the guy who figured this out has sort of

351
00:18:51,270 --> 00:18:53,489
Speaker 2: an interesting story in his own right. His name is

352
00:18:53,890 --> 00:18:57,200
Speaker 2: Madison Cawine or Cawine? Cawine?

353
00:18:57,640 --> 00:18:58,680
Speaker 3: I'm going with Cawine.

354
00:18:59,420 --> 00:18:59,900
Speaker 2: Cawine?

355
00:19:00,420 --> 00:19:03,440
Speaker 3: Cawine. Cawine. I'm going with Cawine.

356
00:19:04,080 --> 00:19:06,899
Speaker 2: C-A-W-E-I-N. Cawine.

357
00:19:07,280 --> 00:19:10,770
Speaker 3: Although I like Cawine. That doesn't sound like it'd be tasty,

358
00:19:10,810 --> 00:19:12,730
Speaker 3: but I'll bet it gives you a pretty good buzz.

359
00:19:14,130 --> 00:19:18,889
Speaker 2: He was the grandson of a pretty famous at the

360
00:19:18,930 --> 00:19:23,330
Speaker 2: time poet out of Kentucky, and Madison was the third

361
00:19:23,750 --> 00:19:27,280
Speaker 2: of the Madisons. And this is just a side note,

362
00:19:27,840 --> 00:19:32,300
Speaker 2: very sad and interesting. His wife was poisoned and murdered

363
00:19:32,440 --> 00:19:35,540
Speaker 2: by poison in the 1960s, and no one was ever

364
00:19:35,640 --> 00:19:38,100
Speaker 2: caught and charged with a crime. And it kind of

365
00:19:38,140 --> 00:19:42,189
Speaker 2: remains one of Kentucky's... you know, sort of biggest cold cases.

366
00:19:42,390 --> 00:19:44,020
Speaker 3: Wow, I did not see that one coming.

367
00:19:44,619 --> 00:19:47,240
Speaker 2: Yeah, he and his wife and this other couple were

368
00:19:47,280 --> 00:19:51,820
Speaker 2: out drinking all night, supposedly, like just got... sloshed and

369
00:19:51,950 --> 00:19:55,820
Speaker 2: at a key at a country club um he madison

370
00:19:55,900 --> 00:19:57,419
Speaker 2: didn't even make it home i think he stayed the

371
00:19:57,460 --> 00:20:01,879
Speaker 2: night there but the other man uh the the man

372
00:20:01,900 --> 00:20:06,090
Speaker 2: from the other couple drove his wife home apparently just dropped.

373
00:20:06,190 --> 00:20:08,469
Speaker 2: They had another nightcap and she woke up dead. Well,

374
00:20:08,490 --> 00:20:11,750
Speaker 2: didn't wake up dead. She died. And they thought it

375
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Speaker 2: was just, you know, alcohol or some natural cause. But

376
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Speaker 2: then they found these two like little needle pricks in her. Wow.

377
00:20:17,930 --> 00:20:21,690
Speaker 2: Where they think she was, I guess, given a shot

378
00:20:21,760 --> 00:20:24,460
Speaker 2: to pass out and then poisoned. And I can't remember

379
00:20:24,480 --> 00:20:27,500
Speaker 2: the poison. It was some sort of like acid or something.

380
00:20:27,940 --> 00:20:28,300
Speaker 3: Wow.

381
00:20:28,740 --> 00:20:31,240
Speaker 2: But yeah, really, really interesting. Neither here nor there as

382
00:20:31,280 --> 00:20:34,780
Speaker 2: far as this goes. But That's the sad story of Dr.

383
00:20:34,859 --> 00:20:38,080
Speaker 2: Madison Cowwine's wife.

384
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Speaker 3: Was he a suspect? Because I would have suspected him.

385
00:20:41,820 --> 00:20:44,119
Speaker 2: I don't think so because he wasn't even there. That's

386
00:20:44,140 --> 00:20:46,380
Speaker 2: the first thing I thought. But apparently it was pretty

387
00:20:46,400 --> 00:20:49,120
Speaker 2: verified that he slept it off at the country club,

388
00:20:49,160 --> 00:20:49,500
Speaker 2: I guess.

389
00:20:49,680 --> 00:20:52,780
Speaker 3: Crazy. Because, I mean, one of the things that he

390
00:20:52,820 --> 00:20:55,620
Speaker 3: became famous for, if not the thing he became famous for,

391
00:20:55,660 --> 00:20:59,109
Speaker 3: was injecting people with some fairly weird stuff.

392
00:20:59,910 --> 00:21:00,170
Speaker 1: I know.

393
00:21:00,210 --> 00:21:00,750
Speaker 2: Isn't that weird?

394
00:21:00,910 --> 00:21:01,070
Speaker 1: Yeah.

395
00:21:02,040 --> 00:21:02,580
Speaker 3: It is weird.

396
00:21:03,500 --> 00:21:04,189
Speaker 2: You're not buying it.

397
00:21:04,880 --> 00:21:07,320
Speaker 3: Nah, I don't want to, like, cast aspersions on somebody.

398
00:21:07,340 --> 00:21:09,970
Speaker 3: I don't know enough about the story, but that's just

399
00:21:10,010 --> 00:21:12,590
Speaker 3: very odd, especially... You're like, judging.

400
00:21:12,310 --> 00:21:13,689
Speaker 2: From this 90-second story.

401
00:21:13,790 --> 00:21:17,730
Speaker 3: Right, exactly. I can conclusively solve this case. I've seen

402
00:21:17,790 --> 00:21:20,350
Speaker 3: enough law and order to know that the husband almost

403
00:21:20,430 --> 00:21:20,990
Speaker 3: always did it.

404
00:21:21,470 --> 00:21:23,940
Speaker 2: Well, that is probably true, but probably not in this case.

405
00:21:24,040 --> 00:21:27,980
Speaker 2: But at any rate, he was a hematologist at U,

406
00:21:28,200 --> 00:21:29,580
Speaker 2: at University of Kentucky.

407
00:21:29,600 --> 00:21:29,840
Speaker 3: Mm-hmm.

408
00:21:30,720 --> 00:21:34,760
Speaker 2: And he heard about these people throughout the world and

409
00:21:34,880 --> 00:21:36,399
Speaker 2: really wanted to kind of get to the bottom of

410
00:21:36,440 --> 00:21:39,540
Speaker 2: this when a couple of them, well, I don't think

411
00:21:39,560 --> 00:21:43,240
Speaker 2: these were Fugates, but Patrick and Rachel Ritchie, I guess,

412
00:21:43,350 --> 00:21:44,750
Speaker 2: you know, it happened in some other family. I know

413
00:21:44,770 --> 00:21:45,450
Speaker 2: that Combs is.

414
00:21:46,570 --> 00:21:49,250
Speaker 3: We knew a Combs from Kentucky. We had a friend

415
00:21:49,290 --> 00:21:50,870
Speaker 3: that we worked with for a little while.

416
00:21:51,730 --> 00:21:52,070
Speaker 2: Oh, really?

417
00:21:52,090 --> 00:21:54,310
Speaker 3: He was never, he never struck me as blue. Yeah.

418
00:21:55,090 --> 00:21:56,290
Speaker 2: He never struck you as blue.

419
00:21:56,310 --> 00:21:58,250
Speaker 3: But I wonder if he is related to the Combses.

420
00:21:58,980 --> 00:21:59,680
Speaker 2: Well, who knows?

421
00:21:59,740 --> 00:22:04,399
Speaker 3: Which would make them buy somehow a Fugate. Because again,

422
00:22:04,420 --> 00:22:07,290
Speaker 3: these families in the Fugate area were all, if you

423
00:22:07,330 --> 00:22:08,610
Speaker 3: went back far enough, Fugates.

424
00:22:09,090 --> 00:22:11,530
Speaker 2: Right, exactly. All right, so these people walk into his

425
00:22:11,590 --> 00:22:12,409
Speaker 2: office and what happened?

426
00:22:12,790 --> 00:22:15,430
Speaker 3: So here's the thing. They didn't walk into his office.

427
00:22:15,470 --> 00:22:17,910
Speaker 3: He went and found them. I read an article about

428
00:22:17,950 --> 00:22:21,920
Speaker 3: him and he became maybe a little obsessed with finding

429
00:22:22,220 --> 00:22:24,600
Speaker 3: these people, wanted to know what the heck was going on.

430
00:22:24,660 --> 00:22:27,020
Speaker 3: So he actually went out in the woods and and

431
00:22:27,040 --> 00:22:29,199
Speaker 3: would wait for them and every once in a while

432
00:22:29,220 --> 00:22:31,520
Speaker 3: would see one and he'd chase them telling them to stop.

433
00:22:31,560 --> 00:22:33,900
Speaker 3: And of course they would run off. So he figured

434
00:22:33,940 --> 00:22:35,820
Speaker 3: out another way to do it. He moved to Hazard

435
00:22:35,840 --> 00:22:39,800
Speaker 3: County near Troublesome Creek and he started asking around at clinics,

436
00:22:39,900 --> 00:22:43,020
Speaker 3: like had anybody ever treated a blue patient? And he

437
00:22:43,100 --> 00:22:48,040
Speaker 3: finally struck gold, blue gold when he spoke to one

438
00:22:48,080 --> 00:22:49,919
Speaker 3: nurse at a clinic that said, yeah, this, this one

439
00:22:49,960 --> 00:22:51,859
Speaker 3: woman came in with blue skin and she was really

440
00:22:51,900 --> 00:22:54,260
Speaker 3: self-conscious about her skin. She came to the back door and,

441
00:22:54,700 --> 00:22:58,390
Speaker 3: was really just kind of meek and embarrassed. But yeah,

442
00:22:58,510 --> 00:23:02,230
Speaker 3: we've treated a blue person before. So Cowane basically hung

443
00:23:02,250 --> 00:23:05,310
Speaker 3: around this clinic until more blue people came in. And

444
00:23:05,670 --> 00:23:09,790
Speaker 3: this is where he met the Ritchie siblings. Yeah.

445
00:23:09,810 --> 00:23:12,030
Speaker 2: So he started to dig into their family a little bit.

446
00:23:12,950 --> 00:23:14,690
Speaker 2: It became pretty obvious to him that it was a

447
00:23:14,880 --> 00:23:19,140
Speaker 2: genetic disorder. And he started digging around other stories around

448
00:23:19,940 --> 00:23:23,960
Speaker 2: North America and found an Inuit population in Alaska who

449
00:23:24,020 --> 00:23:27,449
Speaker 2: had who had the same condition. I'm just going to

450
00:23:27,710 --> 00:23:28,670
Speaker 2: call it this condition now.

451
00:23:28,890 --> 00:23:29,130
Speaker 3: Okay.

452
00:23:29,510 --> 00:23:30,370
Speaker 2: I think we've said it enough.

453
00:23:30,570 --> 00:23:30,750
Speaker 3: Sure.

454
00:23:30,790 --> 00:23:31,430
Speaker 2: Or at least I have.

455
00:23:31,490 --> 00:23:32,609
Speaker 3: Yeah.

456
00:23:32,630 --> 00:23:35,910
Speaker 2: And he said, well, you know, these people were interbreeding

457
00:23:35,950 --> 00:23:39,350
Speaker 2: a lot because they were very remote as well. And

458
00:23:39,369 --> 00:23:41,990
Speaker 2: so he said, I think we understand the problem here.

459
00:23:42,430 --> 00:23:44,980
Speaker 2: How do we fix it? Yeah.

460
00:23:45,200 --> 00:23:49,280
Speaker 3: I don't know if he, where he got this idea

461
00:23:49,300 --> 00:23:52,900
Speaker 3: is But he used something called methylene blue, which was

462
00:23:53,010 --> 00:23:56,930
Speaker 3: already like in wide use. It's used to stain tissue

463
00:23:57,410 --> 00:24:01,450
Speaker 3: because it affects some cells differently than others. It was

464
00:24:01,510 --> 00:24:10,440
Speaker 3: a malarial treatment, which malaria can actually produce metemoglobinemia. I'm

465
00:24:10,460 --> 00:24:13,440
Speaker 3: suddenly having trouble saying it because we haven't been practicing lately.

466
00:24:14,160 --> 00:24:17,600
Speaker 3: And what it does is it goes in. And it

467
00:24:17,700 --> 00:24:24,360
Speaker 3: interacts with the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cytochrome B5 reductase

468
00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:27,940
Speaker 3: and basically gives it a boost and helps convert all

469
00:24:27,980 --> 00:24:35,369
Speaker 3: of that excess metemoglobins into hemoglobins in patients with metemoglobin anemia.

470
00:24:35,850 --> 00:24:37,990
Speaker 3: And so I don't know where he got the idea,

471
00:24:38,450 --> 00:24:41,649
Speaker 3: but he tried it and apparently injected the Richie kids

472
00:24:41,710 --> 00:24:45,240
Speaker 3: with it and they stopped being blue, like almost on

473
00:24:45,280 --> 00:24:45,720
Speaker 3: the spot.

474
00:24:46,520 --> 00:24:50,780
Speaker 2: Yeah, like minutes later, they returned to a, you know,

475
00:24:50,920 --> 00:24:56,030
Speaker 2: a standard color. And I mean, they were overjoyed. Like,

476
00:24:56,190 --> 00:24:58,710
Speaker 2: could you imagine being like this your whole life, getting

477
00:24:58,750 --> 00:25:00,870
Speaker 2: a shot? And looking in the mirror a few minutes later,

478
00:25:00,890 --> 00:25:03,090
Speaker 2: you're like, oh, my gosh, it's like it's gone.

479
00:25:03,170 --> 00:25:06,209
Speaker 3: It's actually really sweet because they were very self-conscious, the

480
00:25:06,230 --> 00:25:08,709
Speaker 3: whole family. I mean, this family like retreated to the

481
00:25:08,770 --> 00:25:12,060
Speaker 3: woods to like people didn't know where they lived. And

482
00:25:12,100 --> 00:25:14,160
Speaker 3: they lived like five miles away from them and knew

483
00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:16,440
Speaker 3: that there was this blue family still had no idea

484
00:25:16,500 --> 00:25:18,960
Speaker 3: where they lived. It was like that's how far they

485
00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:21,660
Speaker 3: retreated from society because they were that self-conscious. So, yeah,

486
00:25:22,020 --> 00:25:23,959
Speaker 3: I'm sure is a pretty joyous occasion for them.

487
00:25:25,260 --> 00:25:27,120
Speaker 2: There's going to be a movie about this at some point, right?

488
00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:29,530
Speaker 3: I can't believe there's not. There's a very famous interview

489
00:25:29,550 --> 00:25:32,410
Speaker 3: with Kyle Wayne in a magazine called Science 82. And

490
00:25:32,470 --> 00:25:36,810
Speaker 3: there's also a really famous painting that somebody did. And

491
00:25:36,830 --> 00:25:38,570
Speaker 3: it was just kind of lost to history who did it.

492
00:25:38,590 --> 00:25:40,670
Speaker 3: And I read this article. I can't remember what it

493
00:25:40,710 --> 00:25:45,240
Speaker 3: was on. But this person tracked down the artist, the

494
00:25:45,280 --> 00:25:47,780
Speaker 3: initial artist, and got to see like the original because

495
00:25:47,820 --> 00:25:50,300
Speaker 3: it's been scanned so many times. It's really lost a step.

496
00:25:50,780 --> 00:25:53,159
Speaker 3: But the original is apparently really something to see.

497
00:25:54,050 --> 00:25:56,550
Speaker 2: Should we say the quote that Coane had in that

498
00:25:56,810 --> 00:26:02,320
Speaker 2: Science 82 article? He said, and they walked into the office,

499
00:26:02,359 --> 00:26:05,840
Speaker 2: he said, they were bluer than hell. Very Kentucky.

500
00:26:05,920 --> 00:26:06,600
Speaker 3: Yeah, totally.

501
00:26:07,300 --> 00:26:11,840
Speaker 2: All right. So over time, Fugates started moving away. Like

502
00:26:12,280 --> 00:26:15,239
Speaker 2: some of the younger population of the family got out

503
00:26:15,280 --> 00:26:18,660
Speaker 2: of Hazard County. And it's so hard not to make

504
00:26:18,720 --> 00:26:21,240
Speaker 2: Dukes of Hazard jokes. I've been just sidestepping the whole time.

505
00:26:21,260 --> 00:26:22,380
Speaker 3: You've been doing really great.

506
00:26:22,800 --> 00:26:25,510
Speaker 2: Thank you. But they started to move away over time.

507
00:26:25,790 --> 00:26:29,250
Speaker 2: And basically, you know, that's going to stop the interbreeding

508
00:26:29,270 --> 00:26:31,389
Speaker 2: and that's going to make fewer and fewer blue babies.

509
00:26:32,350 --> 00:26:36,230
Speaker 2: And as of 2012, I think some were still blue,

510
00:26:36,670 --> 00:26:37,550
Speaker 2: but not today.

511
00:26:37,570 --> 00:26:41,399
Speaker 3: Yeah, I think now that there's a treatment, an easy treatment,

512
00:26:41,420 --> 00:26:43,780
Speaker 3: because they don't even have to be injected anymore. Like

513
00:26:43,840 --> 00:26:45,460
Speaker 3: if you're blue and you don't want to be blue,

514
00:26:45,500 --> 00:26:48,060
Speaker 3: you just take a methylene blue pill once a day

515
00:26:48,780 --> 00:26:51,760
Speaker 3: and it goes in. Apparently, once you excrete it out,

516
00:26:51,800 --> 00:26:55,200
Speaker 3: the methylene blue You go back to being blue. So

517
00:26:55,700 --> 00:26:58,379
Speaker 3: you have to take it daily. But I'll bet there's

518
00:26:59,000 --> 00:27:01,370
Speaker 3: members of that family now, and I'm just guessing here,

519
00:27:01,430 --> 00:27:04,290
Speaker 3: but that are proudly blue. Now that they know that

520
00:27:04,310 --> 00:27:06,250
Speaker 3: they don't have to be blue, some of them I'll

521
00:27:06,310 --> 00:27:08,590
Speaker 3: bet make a choice to be blue as kind of

522
00:27:09,210 --> 00:27:12,170
Speaker 3: like a pride in their family heritage. I'm guessing here.

523
00:27:12,890 --> 00:27:15,399
Speaker 2: Well, the thing I saw that there was one, and

524
00:27:15,720 --> 00:27:17,899
Speaker 2: that was the one in 2012 that was still blue.

525
00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:19,159
Speaker 3: Like by choice?

526
00:27:20,200 --> 00:27:21,820
Speaker 2: I think so. Yeah, just didn't take the pill.

527
00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:22,060
Speaker 3: Gotcha.

528
00:27:22,080 --> 00:27:22,240
Speaker 1: Gotcha.

529
00:27:22,490 --> 00:27:23,950
Speaker 3: Wow, that's neat.

530
00:27:24,430 --> 00:27:28,000
Speaker 2: But not today anymore. So this is not the only

531
00:27:28,040 --> 00:27:32,159
Speaker 2: way you can get bluish or any, you know, I

532
00:27:32,180 --> 00:27:35,860
Speaker 2: guess silvery skin is another thing that comes into play

533
00:27:35,900 --> 00:27:40,620
Speaker 2: here with this next disorder. And this is one called argyria.

534
00:27:41,720 --> 00:27:45,159
Speaker 2: And some people are bluish, some people are silver. If

535
00:27:45,200 --> 00:27:48,990
Speaker 2: you've looked up, you know, blue people or silver people online,

536
00:27:49,330 --> 00:27:53,960
Speaker 2: you have no doubt seen uh paul karrison they called

537
00:27:53,980 --> 00:27:56,639
Speaker 2: him papa smurf and he is all over the internet

538
00:27:56,700 --> 00:27:59,720
Speaker 2: as one of the more famous cases of egeria.

539
00:27:59,880 --> 00:28:03,020
Speaker 3: Yeah and he uh was he kind of emerged as

540
00:28:03,920 --> 00:28:06,000
Speaker 3: i don't know if a cautionary tale is right because

541
00:28:06,040 --> 00:28:10,100
Speaker 3: that was not his purpose um but he he also

542
00:28:10,180 --> 00:28:12,950
Speaker 3: he he whether he meant to or not he served

543
00:28:13,010 --> 00:28:16,990
Speaker 3: as a cautionary tale about taking colloidal silver Because that

544
00:28:17,050 --> 00:28:19,320
Speaker 3: is what turned him blue. And it didn't just turn

545
00:28:19,359 --> 00:28:21,920
Speaker 3: his skin blue. It turned his mucous membranes blue. So

546
00:28:22,320 --> 00:28:25,040
Speaker 3: if he like flashed his teeth, his gums were blue.

547
00:28:25,060 --> 00:28:26,879
Speaker 3: The inside of his mouth was blue. The inside of

548
00:28:26,940 --> 00:28:30,020
Speaker 3: his nose was blue. He was blue. Blue in hell,

549
00:28:30,080 --> 00:28:31,679
Speaker 3: as Kyle Wayne would probably put it.

550
00:28:31,680 --> 00:28:32,760
Speaker 2: That's right.

551
00:28:33,540 --> 00:28:36,380
Speaker 3: And he did it because he saw an article about

552
00:28:36,460 --> 00:28:42,030
Speaker 3: how silver ions basically restored some cut flower back to

553
00:28:42,090 --> 00:28:44,910
Speaker 3: life again. And he thought, well, that'd be really something

554
00:28:44,930 --> 00:28:47,300
Speaker 3: to do. to see what it can do on a

555
00:28:47,340 --> 00:28:47,959
Speaker 3: human body.

556
00:28:48,440 --> 00:28:49,480
Speaker 2: I want to be a fresh daisy.

557
00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:50,180
Speaker 1: Right.

558
00:28:50,660 --> 00:28:53,920
Speaker 3: And he wasn't the only person experimenting at the time.

559
00:28:53,940 --> 00:28:56,600
Speaker 3: Like apparently for a while it was an over-the-counter drug.

560
00:28:56,700 --> 00:28:59,870
Speaker 3: We've been using silver for a very long time. But

561
00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:04,670
Speaker 3: he was somebody who used it every single day. He

562
00:29:04,710 --> 00:29:07,830
Speaker 3: was drinking like a 10-ounce drink of colloidal silver. He

563
00:29:07,870 --> 00:29:11,630
Speaker 3: figured out how to basically make his own colloidal silver potion.

564
00:29:11,950 --> 00:29:14,200
Speaker 3: And he also rubbed it on his face too. And

565
00:29:14,240 --> 00:29:16,660
Speaker 3: so in very short order, he started to turn blue

566
00:29:16,760 --> 00:29:20,840
Speaker 3: because that is definitely a consequence of using silver too much,

567
00:29:20,880 --> 00:29:22,400
Speaker 3: of overexposure to silver.

568
00:29:23,070 --> 00:29:25,730
Speaker 2: That's right. And this can happen if you work in

569
00:29:26,110 --> 00:29:27,530
Speaker 2: like a silver mine or something.

570
00:29:27,630 --> 00:29:27,810
Speaker 3: Right.

571
00:29:28,190 --> 00:29:29,630
Speaker 2: Like it can be one of the side effects of

572
00:29:29,690 --> 00:29:30,850
Speaker 2: mining in silver mines.

573
00:29:30,890 --> 00:29:33,830
Speaker 3: I also saw that in the old time, not even

574
00:29:33,850 --> 00:29:39,590
Speaker 3: that old, but just pre-digital photography processing, photograph processing, you could.

575
00:29:39,510 --> 00:29:40,790
Speaker 2: Actually Old timey?

576
00:29:41,010 --> 00:29:42,410
Speaker 3: Yeah, you know, the 80s.

577
00:29:42,830 --> 00:29:43,410
Speaker 2: Yeah.

578
00:29:43,550 --> 00:29:47,790
Speaker 3: You could actually develop argyria from exposure to the silver

579
00:29:47,830 --> 00:29:52,100
Speaker 3: dust that was used to expose photographic plates. I think

580
00:29:52,670 --> 00:29:55,040
Speaker 3: prior to the 80s. I don't know when they stopped

581
00:29:55,150 --> 00:29:55,630
Speaker 3: using that.

582
00:29:56,460 --> 00:29:58,220
Speaker 2: I don't either. I spent a lot of times in

583
00:29:58,260 --> 00:30:02,300
Speaker 2: dark rooms... as a kid because of my dad. Because

584
00:30:02,340 --> 00:30:06,020
Speaker 2: you were bad? Yeah, go in there, turn on that

585
00:30:06,080 --> 00:30:09,160
Speaker 2: red light and sit there and think about what you've done. No,

586
00:30:09,160 --> 00:30:12,160
Speaker 2: my dad was an amateur photographer. Well, I guess semi-professionally

587
00:30:12,180 --> 00:30:15,490
Speaker 2: sold stuff, but he did his own developing and I

588
00:30:17,170 --> 00:30:18,490
Speaker 2: learned how to do it and did it some through

589
00:30:18,530 --> 00:30:19,750
Speaker 2: high school and then kind of quit doing it. It

590
00:30:19,770 --> 00:30:22,850
Speaker 2: was a lot of fun though. Dark rooms are very

591
00:30:22,890 --> 00:30:24,530
Speaker 2: like peaceful places.

592
00:30:24,770 --> 00:30:25,210
Speaker 3: Is that right?

593
00:30:25,850 --> 00:30:28,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, just, you know, they're dark obviously. Sure. And you're

594
00:30:28,630 --> 00:30:31,550
Speaker 2: in there for, long period of time and it's just

595
00:30:31,570 --> 00:30:33,970
Speaker 2: very nice usually by yourself but unless you're in a

596
00:30:34,150 --> 00:30:36,690
Speaker 2: teen romance movie and then you know the cute girls

597
00:30:36,760 --> 00:30:37,040
Speaker 2: in there.

598
00:30:36,950 --> 00:30:39,640
Speaker 3: With you I well I always associate them with the

599
00:30:39,720 --> 00:30:42,740
Speaker 3: the murderer finally coming into focus and they happen to

600
00:30:42,780 --> 00:30:45,680
Speaker 3: be standing right next to the the photographer is developing

601
00:30:45,740 --> 00:30:49,020
Speaker 3: it so to me dark rooms are very tense scary.

602
00:30:48,760 --> 00:30:52,880
Speaker 2: Okay like as it has the as the photo paper

603
00:30:52,940 --> 00:30:55,570
Speaker 2: like comes into focus yeah Oh, very tense.

604
00:30:55,620 --> 00:30:58,510
Speaker 3: It shows the calls coming from inside the dark room.

605
00:30:58,530 --> 00:31:03,790
Speaker 2: That's right. Where were we? Okay, so what causes this

606
00:31:03,970 --> 00:31:07,880
Speaker 2: is an excess of silver ions in your body. And

607
00:31:08,120 --> 00:31:10,700
Speaker 2: when they're exposed to light, they react by forming dark

608
00:31:10,740 --> 00:31:14,360
Speaker 2: deposits on the skin that end up looking silverish. And

609
00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:17,180
Speaker 2: the bad news about this is Once you've got it,

610
00:31:17,240 --> 00:31:18,980
Speaker 2: it's there. You can't take a pill and get rid

611
00:31:19,020 --> 00:31:19,200
Speaker 2: of it.

612
00:31:19,360 --> 00:31:22,040
Speaker 3: No, it's irreversible. We don't have a way to remove

613
00:31:22,480 --> 00:31:25,630
Speaker 3: excess silver from the tissues in the human body. And

614
00:31:25,670 --> 00:31:28,130
Speaker 3: that's all it is. It's just, it builds up. Normally

615
00:31:28,170 --> 00:31:31,010
Speaker 3: the body can excrete, you know, small amounts of silver

616
00:31:31,050 --> 00:31:34,770
Speaker 3: that we're exposed to from like, you know, touching silver

617
00:31:34,950 --> 00:31:37,710
Speaker 3: or snorting silver, that kind of stuff.

618
00:31:38,630 --> 00:31:38,870
Speaker 2: What?

619
00:31:39,190 --> 00:31:42,440
Speaker 3: You know, uh, Like we pee it out, we poop

620
00:31:42,460 --> 00:31:44,180
Speaker 3: it out and we get rid of it. But if

621
00:31:44,240 --> 00:31:49,440
Speaker 3: we overcome that threshold and our silver ingestion exceeds our

622
00:31:49,460 --> 00:31:51,720
Speaker 3: ability to excrete it, it starts to build up in

623
00:31:51,740 --> 00:31:54,220
Speaker 3: the tissue. And so if you're drinking your own 10

624
00:31:54,220 --> 00:32:00,209
Speaker 3: ounce colloidal silver homebrew every single day, you're going to

625
00:32:00,690 --> 00:32:03,970
Speaker 3: overwhelm your body's ability to excrete silver very quickly. And

626
00:32:03,990 --> 00:32:05,660
Speaker 3: it's going to build up and build up and build up.

627
00:32:05,690 --> 00:32:08,650
Speaker 3: And pretty soon you're going to be blue or silver blue.

628
00:32:09,570 --> 00:32:13,130
Speaker 2: That's right. And if you look up images of kerosene,

629
00:32:13,150 --> 00:32:16,190
Speaker 2: you're probably also going to find pictures of Stan Jones,

630
00:32:16,230 --> 00:32:20,790
Speaker 2: a libertarian politician in Montana, who around Y2K said, you

631
00:32:20,830 --> 00:32:23,550
Speaker 2: know what, I think things are going to go south

632
00:32:23,610 --> 00:32:25,590
Speaker 2: and we're not going to have any antibiotics. So I'm

633
00:32:25,610 --> 00:32:29,670
Speaker 2: going to start making my own again, colloidal silver solution

634
00:32:30,570 --> 00:32:32,910
Speaker 2: and drink that stuff. And then there was a teacher

635
00:32:32,930 --> 00:32:36,260
Speaker 2: in Brooklyn too named Rosemary Jacobs, who very sadly, I

636
00:32:36,280 --> 00:32:40,260
Speaker 2: think got nasal drops with silver when she was a kid.

637
00:32:40,900 --> 00:32:43,080
Speaker 2: And she was sort of, not sort of, she was

638
00:32:43,100 --> 00:32:44,080
Speaker 2: very silver for life.

639
00:32:44,160 --> 00:32:47,600
Speaker 3: Yes, she was. So these people, again, have proved to

640
00:32:47,640 --> 00:32:51,350
Speaker 3: be cautionary tales to most people who are like, oh,

641
00:32:51,410 --> 00:32:53,650
Speaker 3: that's what happens if you take too much silver. I'm

642
00:32:53,690 --> 00:32:57,250
Speaker 3: not going to take colloidal silver supplements over the counter

643
00:32:57,270 --> 00:33:00,070
Speaker 3: or anything like that. I'm just going to steer clear

644
00:33:00,090 --> 00:33:02,750
Speaker 3: of silver altogether. Because one of the problems is there's

645
00:33:02,830 --> 00:33:07,130
Speaker 3: not a lot of peer-reviewed evidence, if any, that suggests

646
00:33:07,190 --> 00:33:12,170
Speaker 3: that silver has any beneficial effect when taken internally, right?

647
00:33:12,670 --> 00:33:17,780
Speaker 3: It is actually antimicrobial. It's pretty clever to use silver

648
00:33:17,960 --> 00:33:23,220
Speaker 3: like in the pre-scientific days. But there's nothing that says like, yes,

649
00:33:23,300 --> 00:33:26,180
Speaker 3: if you drink a colloidal silver homebrew, it's going to

650
00:33:26,240 --> 00:33:30,580
Speaker 3: have any effect on your life or your health. And

651
00:33:30,620 --> 00:33:33,400
Speaker 3: in fact, it might actually turn you blue. Despite this,

652
00:33:33,850 --> 00:33:39,250
Speaker 3: People still take colloidal silver pretty frequently. Apparently, Alex Jones

653
00:33:39,410 --> 00:33:43,210
Speaker 3: touts it. Gwyneth Paltrow touts it. Dr. Oz touts it.

654
00:33:44,010 --> 00:33:46,800
Speaker 3: And that's, you know, if it's not actually harming you,

655
00:33:46,840 --> 00:33:50,520
Speaker 3: there doesn't seem to be any harm from it, aside

656
00:33:50,560 --> 00:33:54,760
Speaker 3: from potentially irreversibly turning blue. But there's a larger harm

657
00:33:54,900 --> 00:33:58,060
Speaker 3: that I saw chucked to society in general, in that

658
00:33:58,480 --> 00:34:04,110
Speaker 3: silver is an antimicrobial of last resort that is... they're

659
00:34:04,220 --> 00:34:10,290
Speaker 3: figuring out how to use it against antibiotic-resistant bugs like MRSA.

660
00:34:11,370 --> 00:34:14,190
Speaker 3: Silver will get in there and even kill MRSA. But

661
00:34:14,469 --> 00:34:19,930
Speaker 3: that silver resistance may be developed in bugs by all

662
00:34:19,969 --> 00:34:23,730
Speaker 3: these people taking colloidal silver supplements and drinking colloidal silver,

663
00:34:24,719 --> 00:34:27,200
Speaker 3: you know, homebrews and stuff like that, that it's actually

664
00:34:27,280 --> 00:34:31,400
Speaker 3: creating silver-resistant microbes, which is not a good thing for anybody.

665
00:34:31,420 --> 00:34:31,640
Speaker 1: Interesting.

666
00:34:32,690 --> 00:34:34,610
Speaker 2: All right. Well, let's take our second break.

667
00:34:34,810 --> 00:34:35,750
Speaker 3: Good. Yes.

668
00:34:36,210 --> 00:34:38,050
Speaker 2: And we'll talk a little bit more about colloidal silver

669
00:34:38,090 --> 00:34:38,569
Speaker 2: right after this.

670
00:34:58,670 --> 00:34:59,049
Speaker 3: All right.

671
00:34:59,510 --> 00:35:02,240
Speaker 2: So you mentioned earlier that, uh, kind of in passing

672
00:35:02,260 --> 00:35:05,960
Speaker 2: that colloidal silver had been used pre, you know, mainstream

673
00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:09,680
Speaker 2: medical science coming on board. And it's really true. And

674
00:35:09,700 --> 00:35:11,580
Speaker 2: they were kind of onto something in that, like you said,

675
00:35:11,620 --> 00:35:15,200
Speaker 2: there were, there are some antimicrobial properties. So people like

676
00:35:15,580 --> 00:35:19,880
Speaker 2: Pliny the Elder, Cyrus the Great, they both touted the

677
00:35:19,980 --> 00:35:23,200
Speaker 2: use of silver. Monks in the Middle Ages used silver

678
00:35:23,260 --> 00:35:28,319
Speaker 2: nitrate to treat ulcers and burns. And it was used

679
00:35:28,400 --> 00:35:31,430
Speaker 2: a lot. It's kind of in a way, before we

680
00:35:31,590 --> 00:35:34,210
Speaker 2: had real antibiotics, one of the first antibiotics.

681
00:35:35,340 --> 00:35:40,100
Speaker 3: Yes. Again, externally, it messes up microbes, and we're not

682
00:35:40,140 --> 00:35:43,819
Speaker 3: exactly sure, even still today, what the mechanism is. The

683
00:35:44,280 --> 00:35:48,310
Speaker 3: guesses are that it somehow penetrates the membrane of bacteria

684
00:35:48,770 --> 00:35:54,779
Speaker 3: and prevents it from replicating properly. or it does like

685
00:35:54,800 --> 00:35:58,700
Speaker 3: some one, two punches on enzymes that the microbes need

686
00:35:58,739 --> 00:36:04,040
Speaker 3: to survive, but that it will leave your human skin

687
00:36:04,080 --> 00:36:09,760
Speaker 3: cells alone. It just attacks microbes weirdly, bacteria specifically. So yeah,

688
00:36:09,780 --> 00:36:14,790
Speaker 3: it was like an early antibiotic, and it actually stayed

689
00:36:14,830 --> 00:36:18,540
Speaker 3: in use for a long time Nowadays, you'll find it

690
00:36:18,560 --> 00:36:22,040
Speaker 3: in like wound dressings. Sometimes sutures will be coated in silver.

691
00:36:22,900 --> 00:36:26,680
Speaker 3: Replacement joints, artificial joints will have some sort of silver

692
00:36:26,719 --> 00:36:32,450
Speaker 3: component to it to protect against infection. But we were

693
00:36:32,570 --> 00:36:34,969
Speaker 3: using them internally for a really long time, up until

694
00:36:34,989 --> 00:36:37,770
Speaker 3: the 60s even. I think babies got like silver eye

695
00:36:37,790 --> 00:36:40,589
Speaker 3: drops when they were born, which I had not heard

696
00:36:40,630 --> 00:36:42,510
Speaker 3: of until, you know, yesterday.

697
00:36:43,390 --> 00:36:47,160
Speaker 2: I had neither. Yeah, silver nitrate. to prevent eye infections.

698
00:36:48,130 --> 00:36:50,630
Speaker 2: But then they found out it can actually cause eye

699
00:36:50,650 --> 00:36:53,830
Speaker 2: damage and burn the skin. So they really worked on

700
00:36:55,650 --> 00:36:58,670
Speaker 2: just sort of... What's the word I'm looking for when

701
00:36:58,690 --> 00:37:01,450
Speaker 2: you make something less potent by mixing it with water?

702
00:37:01,469 --> 00:37:01,940
Speaker 3: Dilute it?

703
00:37:02,450 --> 00:37:05,310
Speaker 2: Diluting it. Right on the tip of my tongue.

704
00:37:05,830 --> 00:37:06,320
Speaker 3: You did it.

705
00:37:07,550 --> 00:37:09,549
Speaker 2: No, you did it. So they learned how to dilute it.

706
00:37:10,010 --> 00:37:12,810
Speaker 2: But the problem with diluting it in a formula is...

707
00:37:14,219 --> 00:37:16,860
Speaker 2: it wasn't an exact science. Like they didn't know exactly

708
00:37:16,920 --> 00:37:20,800
Speaker 2: how much silver was still going to be active. And so,

709
00:37:21,420 --> 00:37:23,840
Speaker 2: you know, you couldn't really use it as a medicine

710
00:37:23,880 --> 00:37:26,860
Speaker 2: anymore because it was either too weak to do anything

711
00:37:26,880 --> 00:37:29,380
Speaker 2: or it was so much that you risk turning blue.

712
00:37:29,980 --> 00:37:32,379
Speaker 2: So eventually they just scrapped it as a medicine and said,

713
00:37:32,890 --> 00:37:35,890
Speaker 2: I think in 1999, the FDA said, this isn't a medicine,

714
00:37:35,910 --> 00:37:38,270
Speaker 2: you can't advertise it as such. So they said, all right,

715
00:37:38,330 --> 00:37:39,270
Speaker 2: we'll just say it's a supplement.

716
00:37:39,489 --> 00:37:39,689
Speaker 3: Right.

717
00:37:40,239 --> 00:37:42,100
Speaker 2: And just move it to the shelf, you know, four

718
00:37:42,120 --> 00:37:42,500
Speaker 2: feet away.

719
00:37:42,580 --> 00:37:43,860
Speaker 3: And the FDA said, no.

720
00:37:45,710 --> 00:37:47,290
Speaker 2: And that's what happened. And you can still get this stuff.

721
00:37:47,330 --> 00:37:50,669
Speaker 2: That's where, you know, that's why Gwyneth Paltrow uses it. Yeah.

722
00:37:51,210 --> 00:37:53,069
Speaker 3: And I mean, like, again, it's one of those things

723
00:37:53,090 --> 00:37:56,450
Speaker 3: where it's like, yes, it makes sense. Silver has antimicrobial properties.

724
00:37:56,810 --> 00:37:59,610
Speaker 3: There's probably some microbes in your body you don't want.

725
00:38:00,460 --> 00:38:02,879
Speaker 3: So take some silver and see if it works. But again,

726
00:38:03,300 --> 00:38:06,700
Speaker 3: there's just not any peer-reviewed evidence that backs this up.

727
00:38:07,050 --> 00:38:10,950
Speaker 3: That's not necessarily to say that it doesn't work just

728
00:38:11,010 --> 00:38:14,230
Speaker 3: because there isn't peer-reviewed evidence that backs it up. Doesn't

729
00:38:14,290 --> 00:38:16,969
Speaker 3: also necessarily mean in the same breath that there's plenty

730
00:38:17,010 --> 00:38:20,060
Speaker 3: of peer-reviewed evidence that says it doesn't work. I'm not

731
00:38:20,100 --> 00:38:22,859
Speaker 3: suggesting anybody take this stuff. I'm just saying there's not

732
00:38:22,920 --> 00:38:26,380
Speaker 3: peer-reviewed evidence to back up that it actually does anything.

733
00:38:26,400 --> 00:38:29,819
Speaker 3: And if you do take it, again, you risk permanently,

734
00:38:30,180 --> 00:38:31,520
Speaker 3: irreversibly turning blue.

735
00:38:33,410 --> 00:38:36,000
Speaker 2: Yeah, and I should point out, I don't know anything

736
00:38:36,060 --> 00:38:41,140
Speaker 2: about Gwyneth Paltrow's current usage, but her appearance on Dr.

737
00:38:41,280 --> 00:38:44,340
Speaker 2: Oz in 2013 was when she touted it. She may

738
00:38:44,380 --> 00:38:45,299
Speaker 2: have given it up. Who knows?

739
00:38:45,600 --> 00:38:48,590
Speaker 3: Who knows? Paul Karasaw never gave it up, though, Chuck.

740
00:38:48,650 --> 00:38:53,550
Speaker 3: He died in 2013 as well, same year that Gwyneth

741
00:38:53,570 --> 00:38:58,480
Speaker 3: Paltrow outed herself as a silver user. Yeah. And Paul Carisson,

742
00:38:59,580 --> 00:39:02,940
Speaker 3: he apparently used colloidal silver, that homebrew he made, up

743
00:39:03,000 --> 00:39:06,279
Speaker 3: until the end. Like he never stopped, even though he

744
00:39:06,320 --> 00:39:09,060
Speaker 3: apparently retreated from the public eye because he was tired

745
00:39:09,100 --> 00:39:11,980
Speaker 3: of being treated like a freak or a weirdo and

746
00:39:12,020 --> 00:39:15,239
Speaker 3: had some rough years toward the end, apparently after he

747
00:39:15,280 --> 00:39:18,640
Speaker 3: went public. But he still kept up with the colloidal silver,

748
00:39:19,160 --> 00:39:21,680
Speaker 3: although that doesn't seem to have been linked to his death.

749
00:39:21,719 --> 00:39:24,260
Speaker 3: He was also a really heavy smoker for many years,

750
00:39:24,680 --> 00:39:26,740
Speaker 3: and he suffered a heart attack and a stroke.

751
00:39:27,739 --> 00:39:30,719
Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean, I guess his point was probably, well,

752
00:39:30,760 --> 00:39:33,859
Speaker 2: I'm already blue. Yeah. Like, why stop now?

753
00:39:33,920 --> 00:39:37,160
Speaker 3: Can't get much bluer. So, what else you got?

754
00:39:38,070 --> 00:39:39,629
Speaker 2: Well, I just thought we'd wind it up with this

755
00:39:39,710 --> 00:39:44,350
Speaker 2: little kind of sidebar. This doesn't really have anything to

756
00:39:44,370 --> 00:39:46,969
Speaker 2: do with being blue or silver, but I thought it

757
00:39:46,989 --> 00:39:52,279
Speaker 2: was an interesting find that They basically determine there's something

758
00:39:52,300 --> 00:39:57,370
Speaker 2: called repigmenting that has happened to people to go their

759
00:39:57,390 --> 00:40:00,230
Speaker 2: skin both darker and lighter that has nothing to do.

760
00:40:00,250 --> 00:40:03,630
Speaker 2: And it's funny, this article kept calling it intermarriage. What

761
00:40:03,650 --> 00:40:04,690
Speaker 2: they mean is, you know.

762
00:40:05,590 --> 00:40:06,430
Speaker 3: Yeah.

763
00:40:08,140 --> 00:40:11,779
Speaker 2: What they mean is having sex and having babies of

764
00:40:11,860 --> 00:40:14,600
Speaker 2: two different skin colors. But they keep calling it intermarriage,

765
00:40:14,620 --> 00:40:16,700
Speaker 2: which I guess is, you know, very sweet.

766
00:40:16,780 --> 00:40:18,259
Speaker 3: It's just such a lovely way to put it.

767
00:40:18,770 --> 00:40:25,350
Speaker 2: It is. But they know that repigmenting happens regardless of intermarriage.

768
00:40:25,969 --> 00:40:28,550
Speaker 2: But what they found recently is that this has happened

769
00:40:28,690 --> 00:40:32,200
Speaker 2: a lot faster than anyone thought. And we're talking about

770
00:40:32,200 --> 00:40:36,580
Speaker 2: 100 generations or as little as 100 generations, which is

771
00:40:36,620 --> 00:40:38,920
Speaker 2: a long time. But over the course of human history,

772
00:40:38,960 --> 00:40:39,620
Speaker 2: it's not that long.

773
00:40:39,700 --> 00:40:42,600
Speaker 3: It's potentially. Yeah, it's not that long. Usually a generation

774
00:40:42,660 --> 00:40:44,960
Speaker 3: is chalked up at about 20 years. So we're talking

775
00:40:45,040 --> 00:40:49,089
Speaker 3: as little as 2000 years. That groups that were once

776
00:40:49,360 --> 00:40:52,420
Speaker 3: lily white went back to being dark and groups that

777
00:40:52,440 --> 00:40:56,180
Speaker 3: were dark can turn into a lily white population. And

778
00:40:56,219 --> 00:41:01,680
Speaker 3: that it's just basically more evidence that race is strictly

779
00:41:01,719 --> 00:41:04,660
Speaker 3: a social construct. Skin color has nothing to do with

780
00:41:04,760 --> 00:41:08,480
Speaker 3: anything but the amount of melanin that our genes tell

781
00:41:08,500 --> 00:41:11,180
Speaker 3: our bodies to produce, which is triggered by the amount

782
00:41:11,219 --> 00:41:16,830
Speaker 3: of UV exposure that we have over something like 100 generations. Right.

783
00:41:16,989 --> 00:41:21,140
Speaker 2: And so if your family lineage moves from a place

784
00:41:22,219 --> 00:41:24,680
Speaker 2: that has lots of UV near the equator to a

785
00:41:24,700 --> 00:41:28,030
Speaker 2: place that doesn't have much daylight or vice versa, your

786
00:41:28,070 --> 00:41:30,670
Speaker 2: body is going to adapt and melanin production is going

787
00:41:30,690 --> 00:41:34,950
Speaker 2: to change. And over time, your entire family's skin color

788
00:41:34,969 --> 00:41:35,450
Speaker 2: can change.

789
00:41:35,790 --> 00:41:38,430
Speaker 3: Yeah, because we actually need UV, right? But we just

790
00:41:38,450 --> 00:41:39,960
Speaker 3: need a certain amount of it. If you have too

791
00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:43,780
Speaker 3: much You can get skin cancer. Apparently it can have

792
00:41:44,330 --> 00:41:47,229
Speaker 3: reproductive issues. If you get too little, it can also

793
00:41:47,290 --> 00:41:49,770
Speaker 3: have issues on your bone because we use UV to

794
00:41:49,810 --> 00:41:53,550
Speaker 3: produce vitamin D, which we use for strong bones, bone density.

795
00:41:53,930 --> 00:41:55,819
Speaker 3: So our bodies have figured out how to kind of

796
00:41:56,340 --> 00:42:00,780
Speaker 3: adjust depending on that UV exposure by producing or slowing

797
00:42:00,820 --> 00:42:02,819
Speaker 3: down melanin production. That's it.

798
00:42:03,620 --> 00:42:04,200
Speaker 2: Pretty amazing.

799
00:42:04,219 --> 00:42:07,270
Speaker 3: Pretty neat. But it is surprising that it's, Well, actually,

800
00:42:07,290 --> 00:42:09,550
Speaker 3: it's not that surprising that it can happen over 100

801
00:42:09,550 --> 00:42:13,310
Speaker 3: generations or 2,000 years because the body is very responsive

802
00:42:13,370 --> 00:42:16,969
Speaker 3: to its environment. We adapt very easily. So that's not

803
00:42:17,010 --> 00:42:18,979
Speaker 3: particularly surprising, although it is neat.

804
00:42:19,960 --> 00:42:22,140
Speaker 2: Yeah. I mean, it surprised the scientists. I think they

805
00:42:22,180 --> 00:42:25,000
Speaker 2: just thought it was quicker than they anticipated.

806
00:42:25,600 --> 00:42:28,359
Speaker 3: So if you're a racist, just stop and think that

807
00:42:28,680 --> 00:42:31,440
Speaker 3: somewhere down your family line, there is a white person

808
00:42:31,500 --> 00:42:33,370
Speaker 3: or a black person. Ha ha.

809
00:42:34,489 --> 00:42:35,110
Speaker 2: Or in the future.

810
00:42:35,250 --> 00:42:36,319
Speaker 3: Yeah. That's true.

811
00:42:36,340 --> 00:42:37,379
Speaker 2: That's right. So take that.

812
00:42:38,380 --> 00:42:39,080
Speaker 3: You got anything else?

813
00:42:40,120 --> 00:42:40,700
Speaker 2: I have nothing else.

814
00:42:41,060 --> 00:42:42,839
Speaker 3: All right. Well, if you want to know more about

815
00:42:42,900 --> 00:42:46,810
Speaker 3: blue people or colloidal silver or pigmentation, go start reading

816
00:42:46,910 --> 00:42:49,590
Speaker 3: up on it on the Internet. And thanks again to

817
00:42:49,650 --> 00:42:51,930
Speaker 3: all the great sites that you found in putting this

818
00:42:51,989 --> 00:42:56,200
Speaker 3: really good episode together, Chuck. And since I complimented Chuck's

819
00:42:56,340 --> 00:42:59,239
Speaker 3: episode putting together skills, it's time for Listener Mail.

820
00:43:01,860 --> 00:43:05,370
Speaker 2: I'm going to call this one of the many... Thanks

821
00:43:05,610 --> 00:43:09,230
Speaker 2: we got for the M, not NRA, but the Mr.

822
00:43:09,290 --> 00:43:09,990
Speaker 2: Nah episode.

823
00:43:10,030 --> 00:43:10,190
Speaker 3: Right.

824
00:43:11,550 --> 00:43:13,049
Speaker 2: This is one I think for both of us like

825
00:43:13,090 --> 00:43:16,760
Speaker 2: we were super stoked to do and like in retrospect

826
00:43:16,800 --> 00:43:17,460
Speaker 2: very proud of.

827
00:43:17,469 --> 00:43:18,920
Speaker 3: Yeah. We're stoked.

828
00:43:19,480 --> 00:43:21,700
Speaker 2: We were super stoked, not just stoked.

829
00:43:21,800 --> 00:43:22,120
Speaker 3: Bruh.

830
00:43:22,660 --> 00:43:26,040
Speaker 2: Stoked plus. There's no way to say stoked without sounding

831
00:43:26,060 --> 00:43:27,100
Speaker 2: like a bro. No.

832
00:43:27,500 --> 00:43:28,759
Speaker 3: No way at all.

833
00:43:29,440 --> 00:43:31,040
Speaker 2: It stinks, too, because I'm not a bro, but I

834
00:43:31,060 --> 00:43:31,879
Speaker 2: do like saying stoked.

835
00:43:31,900 --> 00:43:34,620
Speaker 3: That's fine. Just say stoked. Be loud and proud like

836
00:43:34,680 --> 00:43:36,420
Speaker 3: the last remaining blue Fugate.

837
00:43:37,300 --> 00:43:38,890
Speaker 2: So this is from Mark, and it was a really

838
00:43:38,930 --> 00:43:41,279
Speaker 2: long one that I'm going to sort of summarize the

839
00:43:41,320 --> 00:43:46,109
Speaker 2: first part, is that Mark works in healthcare information technology

840
00:43:47,070 --> 00:43:48,569
Speaker 2: and had a rough go of it over the past

841
00:43:48,610 --> 00:43:53,089
Speaker 2: couple of years, like so many people, working alone and

842
00:43:54,250 --> 00:43:56,549
Speaker 2: listening to our show, which he said helped quite a bit,

843
00:43:57,290 --> 00:43:58,890
Speaker 2: losing some close friends to COVID.

844
00:43:59,090 --> 00:43:59,190
Speaker 3: Man.

845
00:43:59,770 --> 00:44:02,810
Speaker 2: And seeing all this up close and personal. So Mark

846
00:44:02,830 --> 00:44:06,290
Speaker 2: had a tough time. So he says this, after working

847
00:44:06,330 --> 00:44:09,989
Speaker 2: for almost two years on the COVID-19 problem, the last

848
00:44:10,030 --> 00:44:13,590
Speaker 2: thing I wanted to hear was your podcast about Mr.

849
00:44:13,660 --> 00:44:17,000
Speaker 2: Nah vaccines. When I saw the topic pop up on

850
00:44:17,020 --> 00:44:19,780
Speaker 2: my player, took a deep breath and decided to listen anyway.

851
00:44:20,239 --> 00:44:22,279
Speaker 2: I knew almost everything you shared on the podcast, but

852
00:44:22,300 --> 00:44:26,400
Speaker 2: became enthralled in the recap of this amazing story. To

853
00:44:26,440 --> 00:44:29,640
Speaker 2: my surprise, I was again brought to tears by, with

854
00:44:29,680 --> 00:44:32,380
Speaker 2: a recognition, one that you two share, of these brilliant

855
00:44:32,400 --> 00:44:35,250
Speaker 2: helpers who use their gifts for the benefit of all humanity.

856
00:44:35,870 --> 00:44:38,270
Speaker 2: At the risk of making you blush, you two are

857
00:44:38,310 --> 00:44:41,650
Speaker 2: part of those helpers. You presented this Mr. Nah episode

858
00:44:42,010 --> 00:44:45,890
Speaker 2: with a childlike curiosity and relatable simplicity that anyone with

859
00:44:45,930 --> 00:44:49,640
Speaker 2: doubts on taking the vaccine would reconsider. I can't believe

860
00:44:49,660 --> 00:44:52,739
Speaker 2: that I have to say this, but facts help, and

861
00:44:52,820 --> 00:44:56,540
Speaker 2: fact-sharers are helpers. I might also add that letting go

862
00:44:56,580 --> 00:44:59,110
Speaker 2: of any biases to let your curiosity grow Curiosity to

863
00:44:59,130 --> 00:45:02,930
Speaker 2: take hold is heroic. And that is from Mark, and boy,

864
00:45:03,410 --> 00:45:05,950
Speaker 2: I'm going to read that one another hundred times today.

865
00:45:05,989 --> 00:45:07,969
Speaker 3: Yeah, just print it out and fold it up and

866
00:45:08,010 --> 00:45:08,989
Speaker 3: keep it under your pillow.

867
00:45:09,700 --> 00:45:11,800
Speaker 2: Yes, thank you, Mark. He wanted his last name to

868
00:45:11,840 --> 00:45:13,960
Speaker 2: be withheld, but appreciate the work you've done, Mark, and

869
00:45:14,160 --> 00:45:14,560
Speaker 2: hang in there.

870
00:45:14,620 --> 00:45:18,080
Speaker 3: Yeah, same to you, Mark, and that was very high praise.

871
00:45:18,100 --> 00:45:19,520
Speaker 3: Thank you very much for it. It means a lot

872
00:45:19,560 --> 00:45:23,860
Speaker 3: to hear something like that. One other thing, though, Chuck,

873
00:45:24,130 --> 00:45:29,759
Speaker 3: that Mark reminded me of, that people with metemoglobinemia actually

874
00:45:29,780 --> 00:45:30,880
Speaker 3: can blush blue.

875
00:45:33,040 --> 00:45:33,840
Speaker 2: Oh, so they get bluer?

876
00:45:33,900 --> 00:45:34,799
Speaker 3: Yeah. Isn't that neat?

877
00:45:35,700 --> 00:45:36,560
Speaker 2: I guess that makes sense.

878
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Speaker 3: Thanks for that too, Mark. Even though you had no

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Speaker 3: idea you were setting us up for it, you did.

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Speaker 3: So you're just basically an altogether great person. If you

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Speaker 3: want to be a great person like Mark and write

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Speaker 3: in to let us know whatever you want to let

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Speaker 3: us know, we want to hear from you. You can

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Speaker 3: wrap it up and spank it on that bottom until

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Speaker 3: it's blue in the face, and send it off to

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Speaker 3: stuffpodcasts at iheartradio.com. Stuff You Should Know is a production

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Speaker 3: of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 1: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

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Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.