WEBVTT - The Gettysburg Address: Short and Sweet 0:00:01.200 --> 0:00:04.360 Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff 0:00:04.400 --> 0:00:12.639 Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast on 0:00:12.800 --> 0:00:15.720 Josh Clark And that's Charles W. Chuck Bryant. Jerry's over 0:00:15.760 --> 0:00:19.919 there and this is Stuff You Should Know podcast the 0:00:20.000 --> 0:00:26.560 NPR edition. Bob Ross. Oh Man, there's a documentary out 0:00:26.560 --> 0:00:30.080 about him. Yeah, I haven't seen it, but I will forture. 0:00:30.560 --> 0:00:34.519 Oh speaking up, can't wait. I saw Blood Support for 0:00:34.600 --> 0:00:37.760 the first time in my life the other week. The movie. Yes, 0:00:38.560 --> 0:00:42.080 have you seen it? Oh, Chuck, I mean that's all 0:00:42.120 --> 0:00:46.320 parts of it, but I love every second of that movie. 0:00:46.800 --> 0:00:49.360 It was so great. They basically made a movie to 0:00:49.440 --> 0:00:53.199 show that John Claude Van Dam can do like crazy splits. 0:00:53.240 --> 0:00:55.480 They made a movie for that. Yeah, the only version 0:00:55.520 --> 0:00:57.320 I would watch of that would be like the riff 0:00:57.360 --> 0:01:01.440 tracks version. Don't you don't even a need riff tracks? Yeah, 0:01:01.440 --> 0:01:03.440 but they make everything better, sure of course they do. 0:01:03.720 --> 0:01:05.920 But I would love to see a riff tracks Blood Sport. 0:01:05.959 --> 0:01:09.120 I'm just saying it's a pretty great movie we're seeing. Yeah, 0:01:09.240 --> 0:01:12.679 the bad guy in it is just terrifying because he's 0:01:12.760 --> 0:01:17.280 like so clearly insane and like dangerous. Yeah, Like this 0:01:17.319 --> 0:01:20.720 guy is operating on a level. No one else in 0:01:20.760 --> 0:01:24.959 the movie, including surprisingly Ogre from Revenge of the Nerds, 0:01:25.040 --> 0:01:31.440 is operating on it. He's the trusty sidekick. What happened 0:01:31.440 --> 0:01:35.120 to Jean Claude? He's still around. I think he's all 0:01:35.160 --> 0:01:39.800 over like Twitter. Well, I think he's like a couple 0:01:39.840 --> 0:01:41.679 of times a day tweets like, hey, it's me Jean 0:01:41.720 --> 0:01:45.960 Claude vandam remember Uh, well he had that big commercial 0:01:46.120 --> 0:01:48.440 that was out not too long ago, and that where 0:01:48.480 --> 0:01:50.760 he did a split between like two trucks or something, 0:01:51.760 --> 0:01:54.680 um like with one leg on each truck, like driving 0:01:54.680 --> 0:01:57.560 down the road, if I remember correct. He's reading his kindle? 0:01:58.000 --> 0:02:00.880 Is it a kindle? Lad I think so? And I 0:02:00.920 --> 0:02:03.120 think I didn't see him, but he's he's got to 0:02:03.120 --> 0:02:06.520 be in one of those dumb what are the movies 0:02:06.600 --> 0:02:10.400 with all the people with Schwarzenegger and Bruce Willis and 0:02:10.639 --> 0:02:13.600 uh the Last Temptation of Christ. Yeah, yeah, he's in 0:02:13.600 --> 0:02:19.320 one of those ladies. Oh Red, No, Yes, he's got 0:02:19.320 --> 0:02:21.600 to be in one of those, right probably he would 0:02:21.639 --> 0:02:24.880 literally be the only person of that elk in those movies. 0:02:25.040 --> 0:02:28.120 I hope he is. Yeah, me too. I saw Red 0:02:28.160 --> 0:02:31.519 the other day for the first time too. That's pretty entertaining, wasn't. 0:02:31.800 --> 0:02:36.000 Yeah I haven't seen those either, some stuff just you know, yeah, 0:02:36.160 --> 0:02:39.760 let's get serious, Chuck all right, yeah, okay, alright, we 0:02:39.760 --> 0:02:42.160 talked about Jean Claude Van Damn and that can only 0:02:42.160 --> 0:02:49.000 mean one thing. Gettysburg address, right, that's right. Man. Uh, well, 0:02:49.760 --> 0:02:52.800 he's a better question. Okay. Have you you saw Lincoln? 0:02:52.800 --> 0:02:57.400 Didn't you? I did? I didn't you didn't. I know 0:02:57.600 --> 0:03:01.080 enough to know why we were talking like this. Supposedly 0:03:01.160 --> 0:03:04.280 that is an accurate depiction of Abraham Lincoln speaking voice. Yeah. 0:03:04.280 --> 0:03:06.360 I read this article in the Atlantic. It was one 0:03:06.360 --> 0:03:08.520 of those things where the guy who's writing the book 0:03:08.560 --> 0:03:13.040 like writes a long draft of the book but in 0:03:13.320 --> 0:03:16.280 article for him, and they publish it. And the words 0:03:16.320 --> 0:03:18.440 that remade America as the name of the article and 0:03:18.480 --> 0:03:20.960 the book by a guy named Gary Wills, and he 0:03:21.000 --> 0:03:25.040 says like, yeah, Abraham, Abraham Lincoln was a tenor who 0:03:25.120 --> 0:03:29.200 had a voice that you could very easily describe as shrill. 0:03:30.520 --> 0:03:33.080 I remember when I saw the first trailer for the 0:03:33.080 --> 0:03:36.640 Lincoln movie. I think, like most people, like, the Internet 0:03:36.680 --> 0:03:38.520 kind of blew up. The next day was like, what 0:03:38.760 --> 0:03:41.520 is going on with Daniel Day? Lewis. Hey, guys, I'm 0:03:41.520 --> 0:03:47.600 Abraham Lincoln. Um, so you did not see it not yet, 0:03:48.640 --> 0:03:52.080 you know. Here was my deal. I thought it was 0:03:52.360 --> 0:03:56.920 quite dull, and I went into it expecting a bit 0:03:56.960 --> 0:04:01.040 more of a profile on Abraham Lincoln life. Isn't it 0:04:01.080 --> 0:04:03.240 more like about a two week period or something. It's 0:04:03.280 --> 0:04:10.600 really about, uh, trying to get him now, it's trying 0:04:10.640 --> 0:04:13.360 to get the vote passed. Um. I just can't remember 0:04:13.400 --> 0:04:16.720 the exact amendment or whatever. That that shows how much 0:04:16.760 --> 0:04:22.200 I was checked out. It was a very, very in 0:04:22.279 --> 0:04:29.760 depth look at the process of passing like legislation. It 0:04:29.880 --> 0:04:33.080 was kind of dull for then. That's just me, like, 0:04:33.120 --> 0:04:37.239 where's all the action? Yeah, where's that shootout that Abraham Lincoln? 0:04:37.480 --> 0:04:39.839 I want to run around with the sword free enslaves. 0:04:40.520 --> 0:04:43.120 I think that's Abraham Lincoln vampire hunter that you'd like. 0:04:43.200 --> 0:04:45.600 I probably should have seen that one instead. But I mean, 0:04:45.680 --> 0:04:47.360 Daniel Dey Lewis is great. It was just a little 0:04:47.400 --> 0:04:50.560 dull for my taste. So I'm in the minority. But 0:04:50.640 --> 0:04:53.279 this was just like sliding on an old suit then 0:04:53.440 --> 0:04:56.280 reading this article right like you're familiar with all this 0:04:56.440 --> 0:04:59.160 an old boring suit a little bit and I want 0:04:59.160 --> 0:05:01.080 to be a Civil war off. I keep trying to, like, 0:05:02.040 --> 0:05:04.839 I hope work myself into it. Like reading. I got 0:05:04.839 --> 0:05:08.840 a book given to me, one of those big, huge books. Oh, 0:05:08.880 --> 0:05:11.240 and it just like I just can't quite crack it. 0:05:11.560 --> 0:05:13.520 Have you tried World War two? Maybe that's more of 0:05:13.520 --> 0:05:17.360 your fancy. No, I just I need to buff it up, 0:05:18.160 --> 0:05:22.040 you know, civil war buff because I do recreate stuff. No, 0:05:22.360 --> 0:05:24.200 although I did to see uh. I did a hike 0:05:24.279 --> 0:05:29.359 at Sweetwater Creek State Park this weekend and they were Um, 0:05:29.440 --> 0:05:31.000 I didn't know it was a deal. I was walking 0:05:31.080 --> 0:05:34.880 down the wooded path and there was a camp with 0:05:35.000 --> 0:05:41.000 a bunch of Union soldiers and their ladies and authentic 0:05:41.040 --> 0:05:45.559 garb sitting around the campfire. And I was like, what's 0:05:45.560 --> 0:05:48.000 going on? Because it wasn't a big reenactment, like a 0:05:48.000 --> 0:05:50.240 big battle thing. It was just a Saturday night. I 0:05:50.240 --> 0:05:51.960 don't know, man. They were just looked like they were 0:05:52.000 --> 0:05:56.480 just camping in in period costume. Maybe they had practice 0:05:56.560 --> 0:05:59.520 that day. Maybe that's weird. I thought it was interesting. 0:05:59.520 --> 0:06:02.120 They were young soldiers too. Um did they pretend you 0:06:02.160 --> 0:06:06.640 were a time traveler? They did. I showed them my 0:06:06.680 --> 0:06:12.039 iPhone and they're like, what Devil's man did uh anyway, 0:06:12.080 --> 0:06:15.880 it was just weird. Well let's talk about let me 0:06:15.920 --> 0:06:18.760 ask you this. I have another question. Did you have 0:06:18.800 --> 0:06:21.919 to memorize the Gettysburg address? Because this article on the 0:06:21.960 --> 0:06:26.200 site basically says that all students had to and I 0:06:26.240 --> 0:06:28.200 don't know that that's now. I don't know anybody who 0:06:28.279 --> 0:06:30.880 had to memorize the Gettysburg Address. Now, we had to 0:06:30.880 --> 0:06:36.840 remember a part of Caesar's address for English class. I 0:06:36.960 --> 0:06:39.039 come to barry Caesar, not to praise him, blah blah 0:06:39.040 --> 0:06:42.680 blah and the whole deal. Friends, Romans, countrymen. I memorize 0:06:42.720 --> 0:06:45.880 that in high school? Did you have to or did 0:06:45.920 --> 0:06:47.880 you just do it on your own? I was just bored, 0:06:48.320 --> 0:06:50.680 Like I was playing basketball one day, decided to stop 0:06:50.720 --> 0:06:53.039 and I'm trying to think what I had to remember 0:06:53.120 --> 0:06:56.880 that I had to memorize that, which, now that I'm older, 0:06:56.920 --> 0:06:59.920 I think that is like, what a terrible way to teach. 0:07:00.040 --> 0:07:04.280 It is like memorize this these words only like there 0:07:04.320 --> 0:07:07.839 was They'll have no meaning for you what the thing meant? Really, 0:07:07.880 --> 0:07:11.720 it was just like recite this I had to remember. Um, 0:07:11.760 --> 0:07:14.240 I had to memorized the song Surrey with the fringe 0:07:14.280 --> 0:07:18.560 on top. For a transportation play in sixth grade. Chicks 0:07:18.600 --> 0:07:22.400 and Geese and Chicks and Ducks and Geese sped scurry 0:07:22.400 --> 0:07:26.040 when I take you out in Massuri, When I take 0:07:26.120 --> 0:07:30.440 you wout in Massouri with the fringe on top. Very nice. 0:07:32.640 --> 0:07:36.280 I was not expecting that. In this episode. Terry's over 0:07:36.320 --> 0:07:39.800 here just snickering because we haven't started yet. Alright, So 0:07:39.880 --> 0:07:44.680 the Gettysburg Address is a surprisingly small document. That's one 0:07:44.720 --> 0:07:47.560 of the reasons why apparently school children have to memorize 0:07:47.600 --> 0:07:51.520 it because it's just short. But it would not be 0:07:52.080 --> 0:07:56.440 hyperbolic to say that it change the tone of American 0:07:56.480 --> 0:08:00.360 politics forever from this very short speech that Abraham Lincoln 0:08:00.440 --> 0:08:03.840 gave on the Gettysburg battlefield when it was being dedicated 0:08:03.840 --> 0:08:07.000 as a national cemetery. Yeah, so let's let's talk a 0:08:07.000 --> 0:08:09.800 bit about the background. What was going on that day 0:08:09.840 --> 0:08:12.600 in November was like, you said, we're gonna open up 0:08:12.640 --> 0:08:17.080 this brand new national cemetery Pennsylvania where so many people 0:08:17.120 --> 0:08:21.280 died at the Battle of Gettysburg. Yeah, I know a 0:08:21.400 --> 0:08:24.120 lot of them died. Yeah. From July one to July three, 0:08:24.280 --> 0:08:28.960 eight sixty three, Roberty Lee and the Confederate Army budded 0:08:29.040 --> 0:08:32.760 heads with the Army of the Potomac. Um. I think 0:08:32.760 --> 0:08:36.560 there were soldiers from like Ohio, New York, um, a 0:08:36.559 --> 0:08:39.080 couple of other states. It was. It was a lot 0:08:39.120 --> 0:08:42.320 of troops under George Mead, General George Mead, it was 0:08:42.320 --> 0:08:47.040 a new general at the time. Um southwest of Harrisburg. 0:08:47.960 --> 0:08:49.840 It was like one of the it might have been 0:08:49.880 --> 0:08:53.080 the first battle fought in the north. Yeah, there weren't 0:08:53.080 --> 0:08:56.400 a lot of northern battles. Do you ever read the 0:08:56.440 --> 0:08:59.640 Confederate markers here in Atlanta? Here are there? They're all 0:08:59.640 --> 0:09:02.439 over the yeh, Like it's it's just kind of weird sometimes, 0:09:02.480 --> 0:09:05.480 like to drive a mile from my house and see, like, well, 0:09:05.520 --> 0:09:07.800 this is where so and so pushed back an army 0:09:07.840 --> 0:09:11.560 of a thousand, like right where this playground is very strange, 0:09:12.240 --> 0:09:15.480 like every ten ft there's one down here. Yeah. Um, 0:09:15.520 --> 0:09:17.720 but like you said, not a lot of battles up north. Um. 0:09:17.760 --> 0:09:20.760 This was the This was one of the key battles 0:09:20.800 --> 0:09:22.720 that really swung the tide in favor of the North. 0:09:22.840 --> 0:09:26.920 And it was the bloodiest, one of the bloodiest affairs 0:09:26.960 --> 0:09:31.280 in American history for sure, maybe human history really. I'm 0:09:31.320 --> 0:09:33.480 sure it was up there there, I'm there. It was 0:09:33.520 --> 0:09:36.040 probably beaten by some World War two battles for sure, 0:09:36.679 --> 0:09:40.160 but this is probably still up there with one of them. Yeah, 0:09:40.240 --> 0:09:44.880 did the Civil warhead the highest casualties of any war? 0:09:46.240 --> 0:09:50.080 Or it was the first it when the Civil War 0:09:50.600 --> 0:09:53.320 took place, they had more casualties in all of their 0:09:53.360 --> 0:09:57.120 preceding wars. Put together some some nuts so statistic like that. 0:09:57.240 --> 0:10:00.680 I'm really curious what the trajector trajector of the country 0:10:00.679 --> 0:10:04.679 would have been had that not happened, especially, Yeah, it 0:10:04.960 --> 0:10:07.720 probably would have just been two different countries. Do you 0:10:07.720 --> 0:10:09.400 think it would have been. I mean, the South is 0:10:09.480 --> 0:10:11.920 just like worth the seating and the North has said no, 0:10:12.120 --> 0:10:15.080 you're not. And had the North just been like all right, 0:10:15.120 --> 0:10:18.120 good luck, it would have just been to the country, 0:10:18.160 --> 0:10:20.440 I think, I mean, go back even further, and what 0:10:20.520 --> 0:10:22.480 if there was no What if it was just a 0:10:22.559 --> 0:10:24.760 unified country from the beginning, Like what would the American 0:10:24.800 --> 0:10:27.440 South be like if they never would have been like, 0:10:27.559 --> 0:10:30.560 you know what, we're seating? What if it was truly 0:10:30.600 --> 0:10:34.280 a United States? I don't know, because the the when 0:10:34.280 --> 0:10:38.480 you asked that question, you're asking like, would could the 0:10:38.720 --> 0:10:42.920 issue of slavery, this huge divisive issue that was that 0:10:43.040 --> 0:10:47.120 people really felt strongly on either side ending the center 0:10:47.200 --> 0:10:49.320 to they were pretty strong feelings like could it have 0:10:49.400 --> 0:10:53.480 been resolved in any other way besides war? I don't know. Yeah, 0:10:53.520 --> 0:10:55.880 that's a great question. I'll bet there's historians out there 0:10:55.880 --> 0:10:58.280 who have tried to figure it out. Well. It always 0:10:58.280 --> 0:11:01.120 cracks me up to when you hear people in the 0:11:01.160 --> 0:11:05.280 South still say like it was about states rights. I'm like, yeah, 0:11:05.440 --> 0:11:08.480 states rights to own slaves exactly. Or they call it 0:11:08.520 --> 0:11:10.840 the War of Northern Aggression. Yeah, I mean there was, 0:11:10.920 --> 0:11:12.840 there was obviously more to a dance slavery, but that 0:11:13.320 --> 0:11:15.000 you're fooling yourself if you don't think that was the 0:11:15.120 --> 0:11:20.040 key driving component. Definitely was anyway. Um so Roberty Lee 0:11:20.559 --> 0:11:23.280 goes up against the army of the Potomac. There were, uh, 0:11:23.360 --> 0:11:27.080 and of course the range is is estimated, but twenty 0:11:27.080 --> 0:11:30.840 three thousand dead Union casualties, which is a quarter of 0:11:30.880 --> 0:11:33.560 the Union army, one quarter, not just the people who 0:11:33.559 --> 0:11:38.319 are fighting in getting back the whole Union army Confederates, 0:11:38.840 --> 0:11:41.280 which is a third of the Confederate army. Incredible, and 0:11:41.320 --> 0:11:43.920 this is over. I did some calculations and there were 0:11:44.040 --> 0:11:48.880 three days. That is every five seconds someone dying but 0:11:49.000 --> 0:11:54.480 that's if the battle raged for every sects, which obviously 0:11:54.480 --> 0:11:57.280 it didn't know, but every five seconds somebody died in 0:11:57.360 --> 0:12:00.200 that crazy seven men per hour. Uh In in the 0:12:00.240 --> 0:12:03.360 first two days, thirty five thousand died in the first 0:12:03.360 --> 0:12:06.400 two days. So that was like the bloodiest two days 0:12:06.400 --> 0:12:10.040 of any American conflict, if I'm not mistaken. So it 0:12:10.120 --> 0:12:13.080 was a It was a big deal. And it was 0:12:13.640 --> 0:12:15.839 not just a big deal in the number of casualties. 0:12:15.840 --> 0:12:17.440 It was a big deal in the fact that the 0:12:17.480 --> 0:12:22.720 North won this battle, that it was a Northern battle. Um, 0:12:22.760 --> 0:12:25.680 because up to this point the Confederacy had been beating 0:12:25.880 --> 0:12:29.400 the North pretty badly as far as if you were 0:12:29.480 --> 0:12:31.800 looking at it as a battle by battle, if you're 0:12:31.800 --> 0:12:34.240 just taking number of battles one to the South was 0:12:34.240 --> 0:12:37.800 winning the Civil War at the time, and Abraham Lincoln 0:12:38.280 --> 0:12:42.959 was fairly determined to use this occasion to help reinvigorate 0:12:43.320 --> 0:12:46.880 support for the war in the North. Yeah. So Lee loses, 0:12:47.160 --> 0:12:51.480 retreats to Virginia on July four and and he tried 0:12:51.520 --> 0:12:55.240 to resign because he tried to and Jefferson Davis said, no, 0:12:55.400 --> 0:12:59.120 thank you, I got nobody better than you. Um, he 0:12:59.240 --> 0:13:02.719 was not pursued which was Um. Lincoln didn't like that, 0:13:02.800 --> 0:13:05.200 and other Northern generals did not like the fact that 0:13:05.240 --> 0:13:07.280 Mead didn't like put the pedal to the metal at 0:13:07.280 --> 0:13:09.760 that point. Yeah, because he could have ended the war. Yeah, 0:13:10.000 --> 0:13:13.200 conceivably had he kickn out Lee's army the rest of 0:13:13.200 --> 0:13:15.280 it or captured him like, that would have been the 0:13:15.360 --> 0:13:18.480 end of the Civil War right there. Um. And this 0:13:18.559 --> 0:13:21.480 guy's like sitting there getting his nails to it, lollygagging. 0:13:23.360 --> 0:13:26.719 So in the days following the Battle of Gettysburg, the 0:13:27.160 --> 0:13:29.959 Union soldiers were quickly buried the ones that were immediately 0:13:30.000 --> 0:13:36.160 dead uh and poorly marked pauper's graves basically um, or 0:13:36.200 --> 0:13:39.440 maybe not pauper's graves, but not what they deserved. They 0:13:39.440 --> 0:13:43.200 were temporary graves. They were battlefield graves. Uh. And so 0:13:43.280 --> 0:13:45.319 this man named David Wills, he was an attorney in 0:13:45.360 --> 0:13:47.839 the area, said you know what, we need uh to 0:13:48.120 --> 0:13:50.559 do this right and he spearheaded the effort of the 0:13:50.640 --> 0:13:54.319 National UH Cemetery with the Gettysburg Cemetery Commission. It was 0:13:54.360 --> 0:13:59.040 the first kickstarter back in eighteen sixty three. UM. So 0:13:59.120 --> 0:14:01.920 he said, you know what they're this guy uh, Eddie Everett, 0:14:03.040 --> 0:14:06.200 you know him as Edward. He's sort of a rock 0:14:06.240 --> 0:14:12.320 star speaker. Former Secretary of State, former senator, president of 0:14:12.360 --> 0:14:16.400 Harvard College. This dude brings the house down. Let's get 0:14:16.480 --> 0:14:18.920 him in here, because this guy can go for like 0:14:19.360 --> 0:14:23.440 two hours straight without notes, without notes, and just like 0:14:23.480 --> 0:14:27.920 the most flowery prose and he remembered every word of it. 0:14:28.200 --> 0:14:32.520 Two hour long speeches that were just amazing, speeches that 0:14:32.600 --> 0:14:34.920 held crowds and wrapped and he had no notes in 0:14:34.960 --> 0:14:37.120 front of him. Yeah, and so they agreed to delay 0:14:37.120 --> 0:14:39.120 it a little bit so he could be booked because 0:14:39.160 --> 0:14:41.680 I guess he had another engagement. No, he said, this 0:14:41.760 --> 0:14:43.720 is great, but I need more than a month prepare 0:14:43.960 --> 0:14:47.120 a two hour eight. He wanted to do research. It 0:14:47.160 --> 0:14:49.680 was so soon after the war or after the battle 0:14:49.880 --> 0:14:53.240 that they dedicated it as a cemetery that um, the 0:14:53.280 --> 0:14:57.160 official accounts or even like nonofficial accounts hadn't really started 0:14:57.200 --> 0:14:59.480 to emerge yet. So he actually had to do his 0:14:59.560 --> 0:15:02.480 own in reviews with people who were there to gather 0:15:02.640 --> 0:15:05.200 like the information they needed to do a great speech 0:15:05.240 --> 0:15:07.480 on it. Well, yeah, because part of a large part 0:15:07.480 --> 0:15:11.160 of his speech was um Like in our article, they 0:15:11.160 --> 0:15:13.480 said it was sort of like watching a a TV 0:15:13.960 --> 0:15:17.680 like dateline or he had to recap the battle for 0:15:17.760 --> 0:15:22.200 everyone because you know, Twitter was down and no one 0:15:22.280 --> 0:15:25.200 knew what was going on. And he actually he had 0:15:25.200 --> 0:15:28.840 a he had credit as a battle field order. He'd 0:15:28.880 --> 0:15:33.080 given battle um a speeches that like bunker Hill and conquered. 0:15:33.520 --> 0:15:36.000 And actually, when this guy came to town and spoke 0:15:36.040 --> 0:15:39.240 at your battlefield, your battlefield was world famous from that 0:15:39.280 --> 0:15:42.440 moment on. That's how big a deal Edward ever. It was. Yeah, 0:15:42.640 --> 0:15:45.040 in fact, he was so big of a deal. They waited, 0:15:45.080 --> 0:15:47.320 like we said, because he wasn't ready, and then said, oh, 0:15:47.400 --> 0:15:50.880 unless also invite President Lincoln, so speak for a couple 0:15:50.920 --> 0:15:54.400 of minutes. And apparently they that was Lincoln took no 0:15:54.480 --> 0:15:57.240 offense to it. That was totally normal at the time. 0:15:57.360 --> 0:16:00.160 It's like a ceremonial thing, it was. And and this 0:16:00.240 --> 0:16:04.280 was being conducted by the state of Pennsylvania, so at 0:16:04.280 --> 0:16:08.560 the time you didn't really expect much federal involvement or support. 0:16:08.680 --> 0:16:10.320 But they're like, no, this is a big enough deal. 0:16:10.360 --> 0:16:13.760 We we want to invite the executive branch. That is correct, sir, 0:16:14.080 --> 0:16:15.720 So you want to take a break real quick, Yeah, 0:16:15.800 --> 0:16:36.560 let's do it, okay, alright, So Chuck um Lincoln actually 0:16:37.560 --> 0:16:41.160 was scheduled to leave at six am the morning of 0:16:41.680 --> 0:16:45.400 the dedication ceremony, right, and he in the town on 0:16:45.440 --> 0:16:48.040 the same day as the show. Yeah, like noon, yes, 0:16:48.280 --> 0:16:50.440 which was plenty of time, something we don't even like 0:16:50.480 --> 0:16:52.040 to do when we have our shows. So it's cut. 0:16:52.160 --> 0:16:55.800 It's cutting a little close, um, but it can be done. 0:16:55.920 --> 0:16:58.200 And he's the president and he's got a war to conduct, 0:16:58.280 --> 0:17:00.960 so no one expected him to come in early. Lincoln 0:17:01.000 --> 0:17:05.920 actually overrode um that schedule and said, no, I'm going 0:17:05.960 --> 0:17:07.840 in the day before. This is important. I don't want 0:17:07.840 --> 0:17:10.760 to miss it all together because this is a town 0:17:10.800 --> 0:17:14.359 of and they're expecting fifteen thousand people to come to 0:17:14.400 --> 0:17:19.320 this dedication. Right, So he left the day before, um, 0:17:19.359 --> 0:17:21.920 and he was put up at that lawyer's house. Will 0:17:22.280 --> 0:17:26.520 Willis I can't remember his first name, or Wills Wills 0:17:26.520 --> 0:17:28.760 who wrote the thing. No, he said, no, no relation. 0:17:29.440 --> 0:17:34.960 He's also not like a vampire. He's still alive. He 0:17:35.000 --> 0:17:40.439 wrote the first hand account, right. Um. But he spends 0:17:40.440 --> 0:17:42.399 the night at that lawyer's house and there was like 0:17:42.600 --> 0:17:46.000 this town is just packed. But the fact that that 0:17:46.080 --> 0:17:49.720 Lincoln wanted to do this badly enough that he went 0:17:49.840 --> 0:17:54.000 early um shows that this is this meant something to 0:17:54.080 --> 0:17:58.359 him people for back then, that's a large crowd, and 0:17:58.400 --> 0:18:02.280 I wondered how in the world old who who hears 0:18:02.320 --> 0:18:06.800 this thing the first about people? That was apparently another 0:18:07.359 --> 0:18:10.800 advantage of Lincoln Shrill voices that he could project it 0:18:10.880 --> 0:18:13.840 or really far. Yeah, but not to fifteen thousand. Come on, 0:18:14.040 --> 0:18:16.680 I don't know. I would imagine that they had better 0:18:16.760 --> 0:18:20.160 hearing back then, because they had to and because they 0:18:20.200 --> 0:18:24.680 had fewer like artificial devices that were damaging their hearing. Probably, 0:18:24.920 --> 0:18:28.040 I think everything I just totally made that. It extends 0:18:28.080 --> 0:18:31.439 it a few more feet, but I imagine ten thousand 0:18:31.520 --> 0:18:34.359 of those fifteen were like what do you say? What 0:18:34.400 --> 0:18:36.920 do you say? Or maybe it's like a Montyon skit 0:18:37.040 --> 0:18:39.840 and they're relaying it back and it changes each time, 0:18:39.960 --> 0:18:44.480 like Occupy Wall Street thing. Yeah. So, uh, he gets 0:18:44.480 --> 0:18:48.160 there the day before, and he was quite right. There 0:18:48.160 --> 0:18:50.400 were plenty of dignitaries that were supposed to be there 0:18:50.400 --> 0:18:53.680 that waited to leave that morning and Um didn't. They 0:18:53.720 --> 0:18:57.160 missed the whole thing because they were just late. So 0:18:57.280 --> 0:19:02.199 the day of the thing, they they dedication. Um Everett 0:19:02.240 --> 0:19:04.920 gives his speech and it just it brings the house down. 0:19:04.920 --> 0:19:07.800 It's exactly what everybody expects. Yeah, and the guy who 0:19:07.800 --> 0:19:10.600 wrote this article pointed out that I would have been 0:19:10.600 --> 0:19:13.680 bored to tears for a two hour speech, but apparently 0:19:13.720 --> 0:19:16.879 at the time that was like entertainments. People were crazy 0:19:16.920 --> 0:19:19.639 for the stuff. Yeah, the longer the better. Yeah. She 0:19:19.680 --> 0:19:22.959 said that they had a much longer attention span because 0:19:23.000 --> 0:19:27.280 they hadn't been corrupted by television. Yeah, that's a bit 0:19:27.320 --> 0:19:29.920 of a leap, but sure it makes sense then. Yeah, 0:19:29.960 --> 0:19:35.560 remember short attention span theater and comedy Central that great. Um. So, 0:19:36.000 --> 0:19:38.800 Lincoln gives his speech, and a lot of hay has 0:19:38.840 --> 0:19:43.159 been made over the last century or almost well century 0:19:43.160 --> 0:19:47.720 and a half of the difference in length between Lincoln's statement, 0:19:48.359 --> 0:19:52.280 Lincoln's addressed, and Everet's addressed, But it's like there's really 0:19:52.280 --> 0:19:54.520 no point in comparing them in that sense. No one 0:19:54.560 --> 0:19:57.240 expected Lincoln to speak for a very long time. They 0:19:57.280 --> 0:20:00.560 expected him to dedicate the thing with some short remarks, 0:20:00.840 --> 0:20:02.640 and that Everett was going to give like a two 0:20:02.680 --> 0:20:04.960 hour speech. So this didn't surprise anybody at the time. 0:20:05.160 --> 0:20:07.800 It just seems like in retrospect, when you compare the 0:20:07.880 --> 0:20:13.040 two and the power and the everlasting nous of of 0:20:13.080 --> 0:20:15.960 the two speeches that went that it's like, wow, he 0:20:16.040 --> 0:20:19.760 did this in only two minutes, wherever it took two hours. Yeah, 0:20:20.080 --> 0:20:22.160 I think you said two different things. Yeah, but it's 0:20:22.160 --> 0:20:24.320 a it's a myth that it was like. People were like, 0:20:24.359 --> 0:20:26.399 I can't believe that was so short. That's all they 0:20:26.400 --> 0:20:31.440 were expecting, agreed, Um, And in fact, it was so short. 0:20:31.480 --> 0:20:34.160 Here's a nice little tidbit I thought, Uh, the official 0:20:34.160 --> 0:20:38.320 photographer for the event, Um, you know, it takes a 0:20:38.359 --> 0:20:40.840 minute to get things set up when you're taking pictures 0:20:40.880 --> 0:20:44.640 back then you're not just snapping away. And uh, he 0:20:44.680 --> 0:20:48.320 took these pictures of Everett and was getting ready to 0:20:48.600 --> 0:20:51.879 take pictures of Lincoln and then got everything set and 0:20:51.960 --> 0:20:55.440 Lincoln like is walking off with the mic drop. Basically, 0:20:55.600 --> 0:20:57.640 that may be a myth as well. I think it's 0:20:57.640 --> 0:20:59.720 a great story. It is a fantastic story. There's a 0:20:59.720 --> 0:21:01.720 ton of great stories out of here, Like he wrote 0:21:01.760 --> 0:21:04.200 the thing on the on the back of an envelope 0:21:04.200 --> 0:21:07.359 on the train ride there. Supposedly not true because he 0:21:07.440 --> 0:21:10.000 was very well known as a he was a practice 0:21:10.160 --> 0:21:12.880 order is a lawyer to start out with. He apparently 0:21:12.960 --> 0:21:17.000 poured over his speeches, so the fact that he went 0:21:17.000 --> 0:21:23.920 a day early to this um and he he decided 0:21:23.960 --> 0:21:27.040 he wanted to use this occasion to help drum up 0:21:27.280 --> 0:21:31.760 support for the war. He almost certainly wrote at least 0:21:31.800 --> 0:21:34.600 a draft in Washington before he left. Yeah, that's what 0:21:34.640 --> 0:21:36.840 they think is that he wrote most of it, if 0:21:36.880 --> 0:21:39.159 not all of it, and then continue to work on 0:21:39.200 --> 0:21:41.480 it on the train. But I don't think there was 0:21:41.520 --> 0:21:45.199 ever an envelope involved, correct, I don't think so. He 0:21:45.240 --> 0:21:47.600 had his traveling secretary or is his full time secretary 0:21:47.600 --> 0:21:51.760 with him, John Hey, Yeah, John Hay uh ran it 0:21:51.800 --> 0:21:55.960 by him, I guess, yeah, And he was like Pravovo, 0:21:56.560 --> 0:22:03.840 another great one, and he went thank you. They sipped 0:22:03.880 --> 0:22:06.760 their tea in stony silence for the rest of the train. Right, 0:22:07.480 --> 0:22:11.040 had a weird relationship. So should we read this thing? Oh? Also, 0:22:11.160 --> 0:22:13.399 this is where you know that whole thing was like, 0:22:13.560 --> 0:22:16.320 was Abraham Lincoln gay? He shared a bed with a man? 0:22:16.640 --> 0:22:19.040 I had never heard that. Oh yeah. There was a 0:22:19.160 --> 0:22:24.520 very uh well read biography that came out years back, um, 0:22:25.080 --> 0:22:28.720 within the two thousand sometime on Abraham lincol really popular, 0:22:29.080 --> 0:22:32.199 and in it the biographer is talking about how, um, 0:22:32.240 --> 0:22:34.560 I think at the Gettysburg address he shared a bed 0:22:34.640 --> 0:22:37.200 with the man. And one of the reasons why, well, 0:22:37.240 --> 0:22:42.280 the reason why was because the town was packed, right, 0:22:42.760 --> 0:22:46.080 The town was so packed that even the President of 0:22:46.119 --> 0:22:48.840 United States had to share a bed with somebody because 0:22:48.880 --> 0:22:51.040 there was just nowhere else for people to be. The 0:22:51.080 --> 0:22:54.880 guy who designed the cemetery had to sleep sitting up 0:22:54.920 --> 0:22:58.240 in somebody's like front room, in a chair that night 0:22:58.280 --> 0:23:00.520 the night before the dedication, because the town was so 0:23:00.600 --> 0:23:02.479 packed at the girls. But there was this whole like, 0:23:02.640 --> 0:23:05.879 was they Lincoln gay? He was an entire book not 0:23:06.040 --> 0:23:08.920 about him being gay. It was mentioned in that people 0:23:08.960 --> 0:23:11.080 read the book and then started talking about whether he 0:23:11.160 --> 0:23:15.040 was because my book would say it was President Lincoln gay, 0:23:15.240 --> 0:23:17.320 and you would open it up and said who cares? 0:23:17.680 --> 0:23:19.320