1 00:00:08,400 --> 00:00:11,320 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to food stuff. I'm Lauren Vocaba and 2 00:00:11,400 --> 00:00:16,560 Speaker 1: I'm Annie Reese, and today we're talking about soda or 3 00:00:16,720 --> 00:00:21,319 Speaker 1: is it pop or soda pop or coke or a 4 00:00:21,320 --> 00:00:27,440 Speaker 1: soft drink or tonic. I don't know. It's carbonated water. Yeah, 5 00:00:27,720 --> 00:00:30,920 Speaker 1: it's pretty much all of the above. I suppose it encompasses, 6 00:00:31,120 --> 00:00:37,160 Speaker 1: non alcoholic, usually carbonated, usually artificially, are naturally flavored beverages. 7 00:00:38,080 --> 00:00:42,000 Speaker 1: Another thing that most soda contains is edible acids, as 8 00:00:42,040 --> 00:00:45,559 Speaker 1: opposed to inedible acids, which it's good that they don't contain. Yes, 9 00:00:45,760 --> 00:00:49,320 Speaker 1: very good. The name or names were to differentiate soda 10 00:00:49,479 --> 00:00:54,000 Speaker 1: from juice and also from alcohol. There are so many 11 00:00:54,080 --> 00:00:57,440 Speaker 1: types of soda around the world, made the soybean, care 12 00:00:57,520 --> 00:01:02,520 Speaker 1: of cane, juice, buffalo cheese based way, what mate, send 13 00:01:02,560 --> 00:01:05,560 Speaker 1: in your favorite listener to send us your all of 14 00:01:05,600 --> 00:01:12,440 Speaker 1: your soda, your pop, your statue of liberty joke. Oh boy, 15 00:01:12,640 --> 00:01:18,319 Speaker 1: oh my goodness. But wait, what what? What's carbonation? The 16 00:01:18,440 --> 00:01:22,680 Speaker 1: simple answer is that it's carbon dioxide kept dissolved in water, 17 00:01:23,360 --> 00:01:26,920 Speaker 1: But there are some scare quotes around simple m hm. 18 00:01:27,760 --> 00:01:31,640 Speaker 1: That's because carbon dioxide has basically no interest whatsoever in 19 00:01:31,640 --> 00:01:34,959 Speaker 1: getting itself permanently mixed up with water. Like little bits 20 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:37,479 Speaker 1: of carbon dioxide will dissolve into water, but the water 21 00:01:37,520 --> 00:01:40,160 Speaker 1: molecules can't hold onto it. Most of the gas just 22 00:01:40,520 --> 00:01:43,399 Speaker 1: floats on top of the liquid. To convince it to 23 00:01:43,440 --> 00:01:47,120 Speaker 1: stay put, you have to apply pressure, not like a 24 00:01:47,160 --> 00:01:52,240 Speaker 1: deadline or something, a physical pressure. This big squeeze forms 25 00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:56,400 Speaker 1: sort of cages of water molecules around carbon dioxide molecules, 26 00:01:56,440 --> 00:02:00,320 Speaker 1: holding them in place. It helps a lot if you 27 00:02:00,360 --> 00:02:03,400 Speaker 1: do so a cold temperatures, where all the molecules involved 28 00:02:03,400 --> 00:02:06,360 Speaker 1: are less active and more willing to pack it in. 29 00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:09,320 Speaker 1: Think of it like a busy elevator. Okay, if the 30 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:12,160 Speaker 1: a C is out, you might be less willing to 31 00:02:12,280 --> 00:02:15,720 Speaker 1: crunch a whole lot of people in there. As temperature increases, 32 00:02:15,880 --> 00:02:20,120 Speaker 1: pressure also increases. If you dissolve carbon dioxide and water 33 00:02:20,200 --> 00:02:22,959 Speaker 1: it cold temperatures, you need less pressure to do so. 34 00:02:23,480 --> 00:02:26,280 Speaker 1: M h. If you've done all of this right, your 35 00:02:26,280 --> 00:02:29,480 Speaker 1: carbonated water will contain about five times as much carbon 36 00:02:29,520 --> 00:02:34,840 Speaker 1: dioxide as water by volume. This is a supersaturated solution, 37 00:02:35,360 --> 00:02:37,480 Speaker 1: meaning that as long as you keep it under pressure, 38 00:02:37,720 --> 00:02:39,639 Speaker 1: you can let it heat up to room temperature or 39 00:02:39,680 --> 00:02:42,639 Speaker 1: a little bit above without any gas escaping because you're 40 00:02:42,720 --> 00:02:45,920 Speaker 1: you've kind of temporarily changed the rules of physics for 41 00:02:45,960 --> 00:02:48,440 Speaker 1: water as to how much it's willing to accept at 42 00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:53,239 Speaker 1: a given temperature. Temporarily change the rules of physics. When 43 00:02:53,280 --> 00:02:56,840 Speaker 1: you bottle carbonated water, it won't bubble much as long 44 00:02:56,880 --> 00:02:59,520 Speaker 1: as you keep it contained under pressure because the water 45 00:02:59,600 --> 00:03:02,680 Speaker 1: and carb and dioxide are at equilibrium and the surface 46 00:03:02,720 --> 00:03:05,239 Speaker 1: tension of the water is sort of holding everything in. 47 00:03:05,880 --> 00:03:08,880 Speaker 1: But if you release the pressure or increase the temperature 48 00:03:08,919 --> 00:03:11,800 Speaker 1: too much, the gas will bubble out. That's what happens 49 00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:13,960 Speaker 1: when you pop the lid on a soda bottle or 50 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:16,359 Speaker 1: leave a two liter of coke in a hot car 51 00:03:16,440 --> 00:03:21,200 Speaker 1: for too long. Another thing entirely is happening, though, when 52 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:24,919 Speaker 1: a can of soda explodes in your freezer. Water molecules 53 00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:27,919 Speaker 1: have to be liquid in order to contain carbon dioxide. 54 00:03:28,400 --> 00:03:32,040 Speaker 1: When those molecules start to freeze, they a increase in 55 00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:35,960 Speaker 1: size and be pushed the gas molecules out, which eventually 56 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:40,440 Speaker 1: will explode the can. Also not good. No, uh so, 57 00:03:40,440 --> 00:03:46,040 Speaker 1: so that's your your basic carbonated water physics. But hey, hi, 58 00:03:47,320 --> 00:03:50,040 Speaker 1: why why do we find this stuff so delightful? Is 59 00:03:50,080 --> 00:03:56,320 Speaker 1: it the bubblins? Yes? Yes, specific parts about the bubblinus. Okay, 60 00:03:56,360 --> 00:03:59,120 Speaker 1: so it's a combination of different things that the bubbles 61 00:03:59,160 --> 00:04:02,080 Speaker 1: are doing. A combination of scent, you know, the bubbles 62 00:04:02,120 --> 00:04:04,600 Speaker 1: will bring a draft of the beverage up to your nose, 63 00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:07,880 Speaker 1: plus sensation the bubbles against the tongue in the mouth 64 00:04:07,920 --> 00:04:11,120 Speaker 1: and in the nose, plus the bite and flavor of 65 00:04:11,360 --> 00:04:15,280 Speaker 1: a bit more acid than still water has. And that's 66 00:04:15,280 --> 00:04:18,520 Speaker 1: because some of the carbon dioxide forms the compound carbonic 67 00:04:18,560 --> 00:04:22,160 Speaker 1: acid as it interacts with water. But the really fun 68 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:26,120 Speaker 1: thing about this is that that acid formation, that that 69 00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:30,760 Speaker 1: acidic bite, doesn't just happen on its own. Our tongues 70 00:04:30,839 --> 00:04:34,520 Speaker 1: actually have cells that contain this enzyme that catalyzes the 71 00:04:34,600 --> 00:04:38,360 Speaker 1: hydration of carbon dioxide. So when we drink sodas, our 72 00:04:38,440 --> 00:04:41,840 Speaker 1: mouths are beakers in which this chemical reaction is happening, 73 00:04:42,040 --> 00:04:43,760 Speaker 1: and the end result of that reaction is that some 74 00:04:43,920 --> 00:04:47,320 Speaker 1: free protons are released, and those free protons trigger some 75 00:04:47,440 --> 00:04:51,720 Speaker 1: of our sour sensitive taste buds. Oh, that's such a 76 00:04:51,800 --> 00:04:55,680 Speaker 1: fun way to think about drinking soda water. Our mouth 77 00:04:55,839 --> 00:04:59,080 Speaker 1: is now a baker in this experiment. Yes, very scientific, 78 00:04:59,360 --> 00:05:04,360 Speaker 1: very Also about the physical sensation. A research out of 79 00:05:04,400 --> 00:05:07,760 Speaker 1: the University of Southern California indicates that carbon dioxide bubbles 80 00:05:07,960 --> 00:05:11,599 Speaker 1: trigger specialized nerve cells in the nasal cavity, the same 81 00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:14,599 Speaker 1: ones that register the burn of horse, radish, and mustard. 82 00:05:15,520 --> 00:05:19,279 Speaker 1: It's a slight pain sensation. So if you really love soda, 83 00:05:19,839 --> 00:05:23,000 Speaker 1: here a little bit of a mass gist. Think about that. Listeners, 84 00:05:24,040 --> 00:05:27,080 Speaker 1: look deep within yourself. But hey, when I said that 85 00:05:27,160 --> 00:05:31,120 Speaker 1: we find this stuff delightful, we find it really delightful. 86 00:05:31,920 --> 00:05:37,080 Speaker 1: We really do. The soft drink industry is massive, primarily 87 00:05:37,160 --> 00:05:41,320 Speaker 1: dominated by Coca Cola and PepsiCo Inc. Coke alone has 88 00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:46,120 Speaker 1: five hundred brands, seventeen of which make over a billion 89 00:05:46,279 --> 00:05:50,240 Speaker 1: U S dollars a year each, although not all of 90 00:05:50,279 --> 00:05:54,120 Speaker 1: those are soft drinks necessarily, The average American guzzled fifty 91 00:05:54,200 --> 00:05:59,320 Speaker 1: five gallons a year in two thousand one. Both Coke 92 00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:05,600 Speaker 1: and Pepsi bottling operations locations in twenty countries. However, they 93 00:06:05,680 --> 00:06:09,520 Speaker 1: have been experiencing something of a slump lately. For the 94 00:06:09,560 --> 00:06:14,520 Speaker 1: first time, bottled water outsold soda in the US, and 95 00:06:14,880 --> 00:06:18,719 Speaker 1: sales have been steadily decreasing over the last ten years. 96 00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:21,599 Speaker 1: This has to do with several factors, many of them 97 00:06:21,680 --> 00:06:25,800 Speaker 1: health related. Concerns about sugar and the FDA's investigation into 98 00:06:25,880 --> 00:06:31,120 Speaker 1: the potential carcinogen caramel coating, obesity fears, soda taxes, the 99 00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:34,480 Speaker 1: whole cavity dissolving your tooth thing, and more recently, the 100 00:06:34,520 --> 00:06:38,080 Speaker 1: water crisis in Flint. One thing to note, though, is 101 00:06:38,240 --> 00:06:43,000 Speaker 1: Pepsi and Coke do own most bottled water. Anyway. What 102 00:06:43,240 --> 00:06:46,600 Speaker 1: makes me especially interesting is that soda was originally seen 103 00:06:46,720 --> 00:06:53,400 Speaker 1: as a health drink, which brings us to our history. 104 00:06:54,279 --> 00:06:56,320 Speaker 1: But first it brings us to a quick break for 105 00:06:56,360 --> 00:07:08,880 Speaker 1: a word from our sponsor, and we're back, Thank you, sponsor. 106 00:07:09,880 --> 00:07:13,679 Speaker 1: So does history starts with mineral water found in natural springs. 107 00:07:14,320 --> 00:07:18,600 Speaker 1: In ancient times, bubbling water fascinated people for centuries. Fizzing 108 00:07:18,600 --> 00:07:22,320 Speaker 1: water was thought to alternately give strength and health. Are 109 00:07:22,400 --> 00:07:28,480 Speaker 1: too house dangerous supernatural beings, and four Hypocrates believed mineral 110 00:07:28,560 --> 00:07:31,760 Speaker 1: water could be a cure for disease. The reason that 111 00:07:31,920 --> 00:07:34,960 Speaker 1: the mineral water naturally bubbles is because of the minerals 112 00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:37,320 Speaker 1: that are dissolved in it. Underground, it's kept a little 113 00:07:37,320 --> 00:07:39,600 Speaker 1: bit pressurized, and then as it bubbles up to the surface, 114 00:07:39,840 --> 00:07:42,400 Speaker 1: it literally bubbles because of all those salts in there. 115 00:07:43,080 --> 00:07:46,480 Speaker 1: Exactly and the idea that mineral water could fix things 116 00:07:46,560 --> 00:07:49,840 Speaker 1: like gall stones and infection spread with the Roman Empire. 117 00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:54,080 Speaker 1: In sixteen b c. Hannibal the General stopped at a 118 00:07:54,200 --> 00:07:57,560 Speaker 1: natural spring in France. With the Cannibal Well, I thought 119 00:07:57,600 --> 00:08:01,240 Speaker 1: I should specify, yes, he's stopped at a natural spring 120 00:08:01,280 --> 00:08:04,960 Speaker 1: in France with his thirty seven war. Elements were elements, 121 00:08:05,520 --> 00:08:09,560 Speaker 1: that is the thing, were elephants and forty six thousand 122 00:08:09,640 --> 00:08:12,960 Speaker 1: troops before heading to Italy to fight. These are the 123 00:08:13,040 --> 00:08:19,480 Speaker 1: same waters Peria comes from to this day. Before Christianity 124 00:08:19,560 --> 00:08:22,040 Speaker 1: became the way of the land, in Scotland, couples might 125 00:08:22,120 --> 00:08:25,520 Speaker 1: get married. In the marriage well, the bubbly water was 126 00:08:25,560 --> 00:08:29,600 Speaker 1: thought to endow good fortune. At the same time, in Georgia, 127 00:08:29,880 --> 00:08:33,400 Speaker 1: the country stone bathtubs were erected so locals could put 128 00:08:33,480 --> 00:08:37,320 Speaker 1: effervescent spring water in them and enjoy a nice bubbly bath. 129 00:08:37,960 --> 00:08:40,760 Speaker 1: A handful of scientists tried to pin down what was 130 00:08:40,840 --> 00:08:45,920 Speaker 1: behind this fizzy water. In thirteen forty, Italian physician Yoacomo 131 00:08:46,200 --> 00:08:49,320 Speaker 1: de Dundee looked into it with the intention of finding 132 00:08:49,320 --> 00:08:54,160 Speaker 1: out the secret behind mineral waters curative powers. He concluded 133 00:08:54,840 --> 00:08:58,720 Speaker 1: the residue left behind from evaporated mineral water was mineral salt. 134 00:08:59,200 --> 00:09:02,040 Speaker 1: A couple of century yeas later, in fifteen thirty five, Switzerland, 135 00:09:02,440 --> 00:09:06,520 Speaker 1: Theofrostus Paracelis attempted to reverse engineer a man made spring. 136 00:09:07,040 --> 00:09:10,240 Speaker 1: He to believed that mineral water had medicinal value, and 137 00:09:10,360 --> 00:09:12,720 Speaker 1: he went on to become a leader in the field 138 00:09:12,720 --> 00:09:16,920 Speaker 1: of adding chemicals and minerals to medicine. And then in 139 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:19,400 Speaker 1: the sixteen hundreds, after doing a bunch of tests with 140 00:09:19,520 --> 00:09:23,480 Speaker 1: gases and things like mineral water and fermented wine, scientist 141 00:09:23,679 --> 00:09:28,599 Speaker 1: Jean Baptiste van Helmont discovered something he called spiritus sylvestris. 142 00:09:29,480 --> 00:09:33,600 Speaker 1: Today we know it as carbon dioxide. In sixteen seventy six, 143 00:09:33,760 --> 00:09:36,520 Speaker 1: the first soda, which was a mixture of water and 144 00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:40,880 Speaker 1: honey sweetened lemon juice, was sold by Paris based Compagnier 145 00:09:41,040 --> 00:09:46,320 Speaker 1: Lemonadier Limonnardier. That's there would be. They sold their product 146 00:09:46,400 --> 00:09:51,400 Speaker 1: from tanks on the backs of vendors. I love. Robert 147 00:09:51,440 --> 00:09:55,800 Speaker 1: Boyle's publication of his studies on mineral water provided the 148 00:09:55,880 --> 00:10:00,480 Speaker 1: first method to analyze all the chemical things that mineral 149 00:10:00,559 --> 00:10:03,920 Speaker 1: water had going on. And then the next year we 150 00:10:04,080 --> 00:10:07,080 Speaker 1: start to see some challenges to the idea that mineral 151 00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:13,199 Speaker 1: water was a curative. German professor of medicine. Friedrich Hoffman 152 00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:15,959 Speaker 1: published an outline of what he had gathered from his 153 00:10:16,040 --> 00:10:19,160 Speaker 1: own studies on mineral water and essentially toward the whole 154 00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:23,040 Speaker 1: firm as apart and anyone who believed it apart. Yeah, However, 155 00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:26,280 Speaker 1: he did think the minerals and mineral water were worth 156 00:10:26,320 --> 00:10:30,200 Speaker 1: looking into medicinally. Depending on the mineral the water could 157 00:10:30,360 --> 00:10:33,959 Speaker 1: purportedly heal different things. One high end iron could be 158 00:10:34,080 --> 00:10:37,120 Speaker 1: useful for upping your strength, for example, like like early 159 00:10:37,240 --> 00:10:41,360 Speaker 1: research into vitamins and minerals. Exactly in the seventy hundreds 160 00:10:41,400 --> 00:10:45,040 Speaker 1: we get several advances in science relevant to SODA's history. 161 00:10:45,880 --> 00:10:48,320 Speaker 1: Scientists figured out the gases in the air. They figured 162 00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:53,040 Speaker 1: out how mixing chalk when an acid resulted in carbon dioxide, 163 00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:56,400 Speaker 1: or as it was called at the time, fixed air. 164 00:10:57,280 --> 00:11:00,640 Speaker 1: This was the same stuff English physician William Brown Rigg 165 00:11:00,679 --> 00:11:04,000 Speaker 1: confirmed was in a famous spring in Germany. That spring 166 00:11:04,120 --> 00:11:07,480 Speaker 1: was located in the town of Needer Selters, which may 167 00:11:07,559 --> 00:11:11,120 Speaker 1: have led to the term Selter's water and eventually the 168 00:11:11,200 --> 00:11:17,360 Speaker 1: generic Seltzer water. In France, Gabrielle Vannell was able to 169 00:11:17,440 --> 00:11:21,720 Speaker 1: produce aerated water in seventeen fifty, but he couldn't figure 170 00:11:21,760 --> 00:11:25,319 Speaker 1: out a way around this kind of gross salty residue 171 00:11:25,600 --> 00:11:30,600 Speaker 1: it came with. So all of this culminated with Joseph 172 00:11:30,679 --> 00:11:34,520 Speaker 1: Priestley's successful infusion of carbon dioxide into water in seventeen 173 00:11:34,679 --> 00:11:39,599 Speaker 1: sixty seven, which he shared with explorer James Cook and 174 00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:44,320 Speaker 1: James Cook's crew as a method for preventing scurvy, which 175 00:11:44,360 --> 00:11:47,199 Speaker 1: it didn't, no, but I bet it helped out with 176 00:11:47,280 --> 00:11:51,040 Speaker 1: all those gin and tonics. Yeah, he got this gas 177 00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:54,120 Speaker 1: from fermenting bruise tanks, by the way, and in seventeen 178 00:11:54,120 --> 00:11:57,679 Speaker 1: seventy two he suggested to London's College of Physicians that 179 00:11:57,760 --> 00:12:01,240 Speaker 1: an air pump would produce even the water his His 180 00:12:01,360 --> 00:12:05,480 Speaker 1: main contributions here were methods of dissolving the gas into 181 00:12:05,520 --> 00:12:09,200 Speaker 1: the water using pressure. At the time, bottles of carbonated 182 00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:12,400 Speaker 1: water were corked, and of course this was problematic because 183 00:12:12,440 --> 00:12:14,840 Speaker 1: there was no way to store an open bottle without 184 00:12:14,960 --> 00:12:18,920 Speaker 1: all the gas just escaping. Priestley also apparently discovered oxygen 185 00:12:19,280 --> 00:12:23,920 Speaker 1: and pencil erasers. Very prolific fellow, and this brings us 186 00:12:24,040 --> 00:12:27,880 Speaker 1: to one Jean Jacob Schwipp. She might recognize his name 187 00:12:28,360 --> 00:12:31,000 Speaker 1: after reading the work of Joseph Friesley. Swept brought one 188 00:12:31,040 --> 00:12:34,719 Speaker 1: of Friesley's machines with the goal of improving it, and 189 00:12:35,200 --> 00:12:37,800 Speaker 1: in sev three with the addition of a compression pump 190 00:12:37,880 --> 00:12:42,080 Speaker 1: to priestly system he did. At first, Swept donated these 191 00:12:42,160 --> 00:12:46,240 Speaker 1: waters to local medical practices, but they weren't comfortable accepting 192 00:12:46,280 --> 00:12:49,240 Speaker 1: it for free, so he started to charge a small amount, 193 00:12:49,360 --> 00:12:53,400 Speaker 1: and soon Schwept's company in Geneva was born. At first, 194 00:12:53,520 --> 00:12:56,880 Speaker 1: these bottles might have come torpedo shaped and laid flat 195 00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:00,559 Speaker 1: to keep the cork damp and prevents village. Yeah, picture 196 00:13:00,600 --> 00:13:03,439 Speaker 1: a picture a wine bottle that just doesn't have a base. 197 00:13:03,880 --> 00:13:08,240 Speaker 1: It just tapers off like a like a football lemon. 198 00:13:08,440 --> 00:13:13,040 Speaker 1: It's really weird. I got a good chuckle out of it. 199 00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:17,439 Speaker 1: Also in the seventeen eighties, an Englishman by the name 200 00:13:17,520 --> 00:13:21,439 Speaker 1: of Joseph Brahma worked out a manual process for continually 201 00:13:21,640 --> 00:13:25,520 Speaker 1: filling and carbonating the contents of bottles. He was also 202 00:13:25,559 --> 00:13:29,079 Speaker 1: a locksmith and invented the flush toilet. The type of 203 00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:31,839 Speaker 1: glass that could withstand the pressure was still expensive, though 204 00:13:32,080 --> 00:13:36,319 Speaker 1: soda bottles wouldn't really become popular into the late eighteen hundreds. 205 00:13:36,360 --> 00:13:39,040 Speaker 1: Like a whole century later. Until then, pretty much the 206 00:13:39,120 --> 00:13:42,840 Speaker 1: only way to get carbonated water commercially was via taps 207 00:13:43,120 --> 00:13:49,040 Speaker 1: attached to pressurized canisters containing the carbonated water m hm. Meanwhile, 208 00:13:49,240 --> 00:13:52,200 Speaker 1: all of the Old World ideas about mineral water being 209 00:13:52,280 --> 00:13:56,240 Speaker 1: this healthy, healing thing had also infiltrated America. By the 210 00:13:56,320 --> 00:13:59,280 Speaker 1: early eighteen hundreds, Saratoga Springs, New York had become a 211 00:13:59,360 --> 00:14:02,480 Speaker 1: hotspot for rich health nuts to drink kind of gross 212 00:14:02,520 --> 00:14:07,319 Speaker 1: mineral water. Thomas Jefferson wrote about it. I'm not surprised 213 00:14:07,320 --> 00:14:10,520 Speaker 1: at all that he did. In eighteen o nine, the 214 00:14:10,600 --> 00:14:13,800 Speaker 1: first commercial soda fountain in the United States was opened 215 00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:17,959 Speaker 1: by one Benjamin Silliman, a mineralogist and chemist from Yale. 216 00:14:18,480 --> 00:14:22,240 Speaker 1: It was this hand pump set up at Tony Coffeehouse 217 00:14:22,360 --> 00:14:25,320 Speaker 1: in New York City. He manufactured the carbonated water in 218 00:14:25,360 --> 00:14:28,120 Speaker 1: the basement and it was piped up to the counter upstairs. 219 00:14:29,240 --> 00:14:32,640 Speaker 1: And then. The first patent for the means of mass 220 00:14:32,680 --> 00:14:36,400 Speaker 1: manufacturer of imitation mineral waters was issued in the US 221 00:14:36,520 --> 00:14:40,200 Speaker 1: in eighteen ten, and the first soda fountain machine patented 222 00:14:40,560 --> 00:14:45,080 Speaker 1: nine years later. In eighteen thirteen, the first UK patent 223 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:49,880 Speaker 1: was filed for a portable valve based soda dispensing fountain. 224 00:14:50,280 --> 00:14:52,760 Speaker 1: The The inventor mounted it on a horse drawn cart 225 00:14:53,000 --> 00:14:58,760 Speaker 1: and brought fizzy water throughout London, AH. Other inventors improved 226 00:14:58,800 --> 00:15:01,960 Speaker 1: on these mechanical design and by eighteen thirty seven we 227 00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:05,360 Speaker 1: had the modern spring valve soda siphon. You know, like 228 00:15:05,440 --> 00:15:07,080 Speaker 1: a like a Seltzer bottle, you know, like in the 229 00:15:07,120 --> 00:15:08,880 Speaker 1: Three Stooges when they splits each other in the face, 230 00:15:09,240 --> 00:15:12,200 Speaker 1: exactly like that. You know, something that can hold a 231 00:15:12,240 --> 00:15:16,000 Speaker 1: carbonated water at pressure and which you can pour and 232 00:15:16,280 --> 00:15:19,480 Speaker 1: or sprits out of without depressurizing the whole bottle and 233 00:15:19,640 --> 00:15:22,200 Speaker 1: also without too much work. Yeah, I don't want to 234 00:15:22,200 --> 00:15:26,360 Speaker 1: work too hard. In eighteen twenty three, famous scientist Michael 235 00:15:26,360 --> 00:15:30,320 Speaker 1: Faraday first reported how to liquefy carbon dioxide using high pressure, 236 00:15:30,680 --> 00:15:33,840 Speaker 1: and Adrian Jean Pierre de Laurier worked out how to 237 00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:38,000 Speaker 1: produce solid solid carbon dioxide a k A dry ice 238 00:15:38,280 --> 00:15:41,360 Speaker 1: in eighteen thirty five. In another fifty or sixty years, 239 00:15:42,400 --> 00:15:45,960 Speaker 1: only another fifty or sixty years, some practical commercial soda 240 00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:50,520 Speaker 1: equipment capitalizing on these methods would be developed, and as 241 00:15:50,800 --> 00:15:55,560 Speaker 1: carbonated water was seen as beneficial to your health, pharmacists 242 00:15:55,640 --> 00:15:58,920 Speaker 1: had the same skill set needed to mix health promoting syrups. 243 00:15:59,400 --> 00:16:04,240 Speaker 1: Most so too. Shops were thus situated inside of or 244 00:16:04,280 --> 00:16:08,800 Speaker 1: attached to drug stores. One of the most famous examples 245 00:16:08,800 --> 00:16:12,240 Speaker 1: of these health syrups is sasaparilla. I want to ask you, 246 00:16:12,360 --> 00:16:14,920 Speaker 1: this is that how you've announced it? It does not 247 00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:18,960 Speaker 1: look like that, or sasparella sasparella, you can either way. Well, 248 00:16:19,040 --> 00:16:22,080 Speaker 1: however you say it was a route thought to fix 249 00:16:22,280 --> 00:16:25,560 Speaker 1: everything from exema to syphilis. Oh man, it does not 250 00:16:25,680 --> 00:16:28,440 Speaker 1: do that. It just kind of tastes like root beer 251 00:16:28,480 --> 00:16:33,120 Speaker 1: a little bit. Yeah. Another reason for the pharmacist soda 252 00:16:33,200 --> 00:16:39,360 Speaker 1: connection is taste. Most medicines tasted flat out awful, so 253 00:16:40,080 --> 00:16:43,920 Speaker 1: to improve it, you'd take your gross tasting medicine to 254 00:16:44,160 --> 00:16:47,640 Speaker 1: conveniently located soda counter and get it mixed with something 255 00:16:47,760 --> 00:16:52,320 Speaker 1: to mask that terrible taste. At the time, you already 256 00:16:52,400 --> 00:16:55,440 Speaker 1: might be mixing it with alcohol, So soda water was 257 00:16:55,520 --> 00:17:03,360 Speaker 1: promoted as a healthier alternative to that. However, sometimes drugs 258 00:17:03,400 --> 00:17:07,680 Speaker 1: the FDA now classifies as narcotics were added to soda water, 259 00:17:07,840 --> 00:17:12,560 Speaker 1: So yeah, sort of evens out on the alcohol versus 260 00:17:12,680 --> 00:17:15,920 Speaker 1: narcotic sort of scale. Sure, that's about to be where 261 00:17:15,920 --> 00:17:18,880 Speaker 1: the phrase picked me up, comes from your morning medicinal 262 00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:23,080 Speaker 1: soda water UM. A lot of these drugs came from 263 00:17:23,119 --> 00:17:26,840 Speaker 1: a class to find in eighteen fifty five called nervines. 264 00:17:27,680 --> 00:17:31,240 Speaker 1: This class included things like cannabis, opium, heroin, and of 265 00:17:31,320 --> 00:17:35,760 Speaker 1: course cocaine, which was revered as this miraculous cure all 266 00:17:35,880 --> 00:17:39,240 Speaker 1: when it was first discovered. Most recipes that called for 267 00:17:39,359 --> 00:17:44,040 Speaker 1: cocaine used about point zero one of it, which is 268 00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:46,320 Speaker 1: a tenth of a line of coke. I read that 269 00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:51,359 Speaker 1: somewhere that is not from experience. I love whatever scientists 270 00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:55,399 Speaker 1: read that in. Yes, so people probably didn't get a 271 00:17:55,480 --> 00:17:58,280 Speaker 1: massive high from it, but it was still addictive and 272 00:17:59,320 --> 00:18:03,520 Speaker 1: very different from today's standards. Your order might go something 273 00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:07,800 Speaker 1: like this one cocaine and caffeine concoction. Please, and how 274 00:18:10,400 --> 00:18:13,040 Speaker 1: You're welcome. You're welcome. But that was the thing that 275 00:18:13,200 --> 00:18:17,920 Speaker 1: you might you might go up in the morning, you know, 276 00:18:18,240 --> 00:18:21,640 Speaker 1: but it's some pep in your step. It would certainly work, 277 00:18:21,680 --> 00:18:26,720 Speaker 1: I suppose. I suppose. In eight thirty one, carbonated water 278 00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:30,800 Speaker 1: was removed from the United States farm a Copia's Annual Pamphlet, 279 00:18:30,840 --> 00:18:34,040 Speaker 1: which is a sort of encyclopedia of drug information, which 280 00:18:34,119 --> 00:18:37,040 Speaker 1: means that despite drug stores still being a main source 281 00:18:37,080 --> 00:18:40,480 Speaker 1: of soda fountains and some concoctions boasting health claims and 282 00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:44,720 Speaker 1: many people still associating carbonated water with medicine, it was 283 00:18:44,840 --> 00:18:48,920 Speaker 1: solidly making the switch to a fun times drink, how 284 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:53,720 Speaker 1: fun socially acceptable fun. With the temperance movements of the 285 00:18:53,760 --> 00:18:56,640 Speaker 1: early to mid eighteen hundreds, some people women in particular, 286 00:18:56,840 --> 00:18:59,240 Speaker 1: we're looking for places where they could socialize without the 287 00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:02,760 Speaker 1: stigma or sometimes the safety issues of places that served alcohol. 288 00:19:03,200 --> 00:19:06,440 Speaker 1: Soda fountains were frequently you know, bright with the stainless 289 00:19:06,520 --> 00:19:11,679 Speaker 1: steel counters and white uniform soda jerks. Soda jerks also 290 00:19:12,800 --> 00:19:17,480 Speaker 1: sometimes faced some hazards Oh yeah, at the job, primary 291 00:19:17,840 --> 00:19:22,879 Speaker 1: primarily of which the potential for exploding soda fountains or 292 00:19:23,760 --> 00:19:28,640 Speaker 1: falling into vats of sulfuric acid. Huh. The term jerk 293 00:19:28,800 --> 00:19:33,520 Speaker 1: comes from the motion of of of the handle. M yeah, 294 00:19:33,720 --> 00:19:37,359 Speaker 1: jerked the handle. Alternate names for soda jerks include fountain 295 00:19:37,480 --> 00:19:44,080 Speaker 1: chemists and licensed physicians. Oh, I've never heard that, but 296 00:19:45,240 --> 00:19:48,520 Speaker 1: I hope that somebody was like happily introducing himself to 297 00:19:48,600 --> 00:19:52,240 Speaker 1: the potential, like parents of someone who wanted to marry. 298 00:19:52,840 --> 00:19:55,840 Speaker 1: What do you do, kid. Oh, I'm a licensed physician. 299 00:19:57,080 --> 00:19:59,320 Speaker 1: I'm sure they were very impressed. I think that was 300 00:19:59,480 --> 00:20:02,480 Speaker 1: more of fun slang term than a serious one, but 301 00:20:03,040 --> 00:20:05,960 Speaker 1: at any rate, it was quite fun. Yes, yeah, you 302 00:20:06,119 --> 00:20:08,679 Speaker 1: could buy a bottled soda water in the US beginning 303 00:20:08,680 --> 00:20:12,080 Speaker 1: at eighteen thirty five. The process was sped up in 304 00:20:12,119 --> 00:20:15,600 Speaker 1: eighteen fifty with innovations in the machinery used to make 305 00:20:15,760 --> 00:20:20,159 Speaker 1: and fill the bottles. Steam power helped. It's estimated that 306 00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:22,880 Speaker 1: New York City had more than six hundred seventy soda 307 00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:26,960 Speaker 1: fountains by eighteen thirty six, and there were so many 308 00:20:27,200 --> 00:20:31,480 Speaker 1: innovations thanks to soda. The bottling industry alone saw more 309 00:20:31,520 --> 00:20:35,880 Speaker 1: than one thousand, five hundred patents, especially with different types 310 00:20:35,920 --> 00:20:39,640 Speaker 1: of caps. Oh yeah, Folks were trying to figure out 311 00:20:39,920 --> 00:20:42,359 Speaker 1: a way to keep those bubbles in and in eighteen 312 00:20:42,400 --> 00:20:46,520 Speaker 1: seventy two, William Painter came up with the first successful solution, 313 00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:52,040 Speaker 1: the crown cork bottle seal. Soon after and eighteen fifty one, 314 00:20:52,480 --> 00:20:56,680 Speaker 1: ginger ale was invented in Ireland. Ten years later we 315 00:20:56,760 --> 00:20:59,439 Speaker 1: get the first use of pop in conjunction with soda. 316 00:21:00,040 --> 00:21:04,520 Speaker 1: Mm hmm. Root beer becomes available in eight and by 317 00:21:04,560 --> 00:21:06,280 Speaker 1: then nearly every city in the u s. How to 318 00:21:06,320 --> 00:21:09,960 Speaker 1: soda fountain. Also note that recipes like ginger ale and 319 00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:12,880 Speaker 1: root beer were very common before they were first packaged 320 00:21:12,920 --> 00:21:17,200 Speaker 1: and sold commercially. Also popular around this time recipes involving 321 00:21:17,359 --> 00:21:21,639 Speaker 1: West African cola nut extract. But there were just tons 322 00:21:21,720 --> 00:21:24,800 Speaker 1: and tons of flavors becoming available, mostly due to advances 323 00:21:24,840 --> 00:21:27,880 Speaker 1: in artificial flavoring which developed out of the perfume industry, 324 00:21:28,040 --> 00:21:31,919 Speaker 1: everything from like banana to violet, walnut, winter green, everything 325 00:21:31,960 --> 00:21:35,480 Speaker 1: else in between. In eighteen seventy four, we saw a 326 00:21:35,560 --> 00:21:38,639 Speaker 1: patent for the first design of a soda siphon device 327 00:21:39,080 --> 00:21:42,720 Speaker 1: that can use cartridges of carbon dioxide to carbonate the 328 00:21:42,800 --> 00:21:46,199 Speaker 1: water in a bottle. This this was the very beginning 329 00:21:46,320 --> 00:21:51,200 Speaker 1: of soda stream type machines, soda stream type machines, soda 330 00:21:51,240 --> 00:21:54,480 Speaker 1: stream type machines, and this brings us to a string 331 00:21:54,560 --> 00:21:58,080 Speaker 1: of famous soda brands. But first a quick break for 332 00:21:58,119 --> 00:22:12,320 Speaker 1: a word from our sponsor, and we're back, thank you sponsor. Okay. 333 00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:18,800 Speaker 1: In Charles Alderton came out with an energy drink and 334 00:22:19,400 --> 00:22:26,199 Speaker 1: brain tonic called Dr Pepper and yes, that Dr Pepper. 335 00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:29,880 Speaker 1: At first, it was only served in the drug store 336 00:22:29,920 --> 00:22:33,560 Speaker 1: where Alderson worked in Waco, Texas. Customers used to order 337 00:22:33,600 --> 00:22:36,360 Speaker 1: it as a Waco Where where does the name Dr 338 00:22:36,400 --> 00:22:40,359 Speaker 1: Pepper come from? Ah? Well, the store's owner gave it 339 00:22:40,480 --> 00:22:43,680 Speaker 1: this name. Um and by the way, the period was 340 00:22:43,760 --> 00:22:45,560 Speaker 1: done away with. It at first had a period, but 341 00:22:45,760 --> 00:22:47,280 Speaker 1: now they don't have it because they don't want you 342 00:22:47,320 --> 00:22:50,520 Speaker 1: to think an actual doctor was involved. But the name 343 00:22:50,920 --> 00:22:53,119 Speaker 1: is thought to come from the store owner's old boss 344 00:22:53,440 --> 00:22:56,080 Speaker 1: one Dr Pepper. I always thought it was linked to 345 00:22:56,119 --> 00:22:58,080 Speaker 1: the pepper up thing, but then I realized that that 346 00:22:58,200 --> 00:22:59,879 Speaker 1: might just be from Harry Potter. Is that a real thing? 347 00:23:01,080 --> 00:23:06,080 Speaker 1: This happens to me all the time anyway. Dr Pepper 348 00:23:06,119 --> 00:23:09,879 Speaker 1: didn't become nationally available in until nineteen o four, and 349 00:23:10,200 --> 00:23:13,040 Speaker 1: after its grand debut to twenty million people at the 350 00:23:13,080 --> 00:23:16,560 Speaker 1: World's Fair Exposition. It was originally sold as a cure 351 00:23:16,800 --> 00:23:24,640 Speaker 1: for lots of things, including smoking, alcoholism, and age. Drink 352 00:23:24,720 --> 00:23:28,880 Speaker 1: this dr Pepper and age. Do you think it makes 353 00:23:28,920 --> 00:23:32,239 Speaker 1: you more more mature or less? I don't know if 354 00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:37,480 Speaker 1: it's fixing your smoking and your alcoholism. Oh man, I 355 00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:43,720 Speaker 1: guess I don't know. These are the questions. And here's 356 00:23:43,760 --> 00:23:45,720 Speaker 1: a fun fact about me. There about four foods I 357 00:23:45,760 --> 00:23:50,920 Speaker 1: don't like and Dr Pepper might be what the very 358 00:23:51,119 --> 00:23:54,120 Speaker 1: top thing? Oh my goodness. And a friend of mine 359 00:23:54,160 --> 00:23:56,040 Speaker 1: put this to the test once because she thought I 360 00:23:56,080 --> 00:23:59,320 Speaker 1: was just being stubborn, which is not an unfounded suspicion, 361 00:23:59,440 --> 00:24:02,200 Speaker 1: not at all. But she switched my coke with Dr 362 00:24:02,280 --> 00:24:06,720 Speaker 1: Pepper and um, I did this spittiest of pikes, and 363 00:24:06,840 --> 00:24:10,480 Speaker 1: like ran to the bat and was like, well, you're 364 00:24:10,480 --> 00:24:13,240 Speaker 1: welcome for that noise, by the way. Um. And also, 365 00:24:13,400 --> 00:24:16,440 Speaker 1: I don't drink selt drinks because the same person dared 366 00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:18,560 Speaker 1: me to give them up. I could see in her 367 00:24:18,600 --> 00:24:20,760 Speaker 1: eyes she really believed I couldn't do it. So I 368 00:24:20,920 --> 00:24:25,399 Speaker 1: see above free stubbornness. Oh I love Dr Pepper, so 369 00:24:25,520 --> 00:24:27,840 Speaker 1: does everyone in my family. I mean I went through 370 00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:29,640 Speaker 1: a serious Dr Pepper phase when I was a kid. 371 00:24:29,800 --> 00:24:32,760 Speaker 1: But I don't drink that many sugar drinks anymore, but 372 00:24:33,520 --> 00:24:37,119 Speaker 1: I still like it. Also, a concoction by the name 373 00:24:37,160 --> 00:24:40,040 Speaker 1: of Moxi Soda appeared. It was a little bit bitter 374 00:24:40,119 --> 00:24:43,639 Speaker 1: sweet and involved sassafras and quiney and was marketed as 375 00:24:43,720 --> 00:24:47,159 Speaker 1: a wonder drug that would cure everything from paralysis to 376 00:24:47,240 --> 00:24:51,360 Speaker 1: impotence to softening of the brain. Okay, yeah, I don't 377 00:24:51,359 --> 00:24:54,359 Speaker 1: know exactly what that means, but but the soda is 378 00:24:54,359 --> 00:24:56,960 Speaker 1: actually where we get the word moxie from, you know, 379 00:24:57,080 --> 00:25:00,280 Speaker 1: a slang for like nerve or courage. A popular ad 380 00:25:00,320 --> 00:25:03,040 Speaker 1: campaign during the nineteen twenties went what this country needs 381 00:25:03,080 --> 00:25:07,600 Speaker 1: as plenty of moxi. Ah, it's still available in New England. 382 00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:08,960 Speaker 1: I tried some of the last time that I was 383 00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:11,480 Speaker 1: up there. That's great. I had no idea that that 384 00:25:11,640 --> 00:25:16,960 Speaker 1: word came from a corporation, yeah, speaking up of a corporation. 385 00:25:17,760 --> 00:25:21,080 Speaker 1: The following year, in eight eight six, pharmacist Dr John 386 00:25:21,240 --> 00:25:25,600 Speaker 1: Pemberton invented coca cola. And while we still don't know 387 00:25:25,720 --> 00:25:29,119 Speaker 1: the exact formula for coca cola, we do know that 388 00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:31,880 Speaker 1: for the first seventeen years it did involve cocaine, which 389 00:25:32,240 --> 00:25:35,560 Speaker 1: Coca Cola still denies, but everyone else is like, nope, 390 00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:39,320 Speaker 1: that was in there, yeah, which is funny funny enough 391 00:25:39,359 --> 00:25:41,520 Speaker 1: to us now. Pemberton was trying to find a pain 392 00:25:41,600 --> 00:25:45,399 Speaker 1: killer free of opiates and habit forming morphine. He was 393 00:25:45,440 --> 00:25:50,359 Speaker 1: a veteran came back and wanted a better alternative, and 394 00:25:50,600 --> 00:25:53,720 Speaker 1: he got the idea from a European chemist who combined 395 00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:57,240 Speaker 1: coca leaves and wine to make something called Vien Mariani. 396 00:25:57,920 --> 00:26:01,119 Speaker 1: The alcohol in the wine pulled the cocaine from the leaves, 397 00:26:01,160 --> 00:26:05,280 Speaker 1: and it was touted as a restorative beverage. Pemberton took 398 00:26:05,359 --> 00:26:09,600 Speaker 1: that added colon at extract and caffeine to make Pemberton's 399 00:26:09,640 --> 00:26:13,520 Speaker 1: French wine Coca but he hit her road block with 400 00:26:13,560 --> 00:26:16,840 Speaker 1: the temperance movement and prohibition laws, so he replaced the 401 00:26:16,880 --> 00:26:20,600 Speaker 1: wine with sugar syrup, renaming his new concoction Coca Cola. 402 00:26:20,960 --> 00:26:23,560 Speaker 1: The first marketing campaign it touted it as a nutrient 403 00:26:23,720 --> 00:26:29,480 Speaker 1: beverage and tonic. It's hard to understate the cultural importance 404 00:26:29,520 --> 00:26:31,680 Speaker 1: of coke. We probably do a whole thing on it, 405 00:26:31,880 --> 00:26:35,520 Speaker 1: but yeah, it became the symbol of America. It's one 406 00:26:35,560 --> 00:26:38,040 Speaker 1: of the most recognizable trademarks in the world. And thanks 407 00:26:38,119 --> 00:26:41,440 Speaker 1: to their prolific and successful advertising, a lot of people 408 00:26:41,520 --> 00:26:44,479 Speaker 1: believe they invented our modern day rendition of Santa Claus. 409 00:26:44,880 --> 00:26:47,480 Speaker 1: They did not know. They did not. Also, they changed 410 00:26:47,480 --> 00:26:50,159 Speaker 1: their slogan every couple of years, and here are some 411 00:26:50,240 --> 00:26:54,399 Speaker 1: of my favorites. The Great National Temperance Beverage, which was 412 00:26:54,560 --> 00:26:57,240 Speaker 1: the slogan in nineteen o six. It had to be 413 00:26:57,320 --> 00:27:01,359 Speaker 1: good to get where it is in ninety six, and 414 00:27:01,960 --> 00:27:04,680 Speaker 1: what you want is a Coke in nineteen fifty two. 415 00:27:05,440 --> 00:27:14,480 Speaker 1: And also finally, Coke is it exclamation point? That's actually 416 00:27:14,760 --> 00:27:18,280 Speaker 1: pretty excellently If you are interested, I would recommend looking 417 00:27:18,320 --> 00:27:21,800 Speaker 1: it up to keep costs down. Coca Cola licensed out 418 00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:26,560 Speaker 1: the process of mixing the syrup, packaging, and distributing to bottlers. 419 00:27:27,480 --> 00:27:30,840 Speaker 1: Asa Candler, who founded the Coca Cola company, didn't realize 420 00:27:30,840 --> 00:27:33,600 Speaker 1: the potential profits of bottling and sold the rights to 421 00:27:33,760 --> 00:27:38,160 Speaker 1: Coke's bottling process and eight for a relatively low price. 422 00:27:39,400 --> 00:27:42,240 Speaker 1: And uh, the early foray into bottling is one of 423 00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:45,200 Speaker 1: the main reasons for Coca Cola success. We still use 424 00:27:45,280 --> 00:27:49,280 Speaker 1: this model of bottling and franchising to this day. Also, 425 00:27:49,400 --> 00:27:52,720 Speaker 1: it's interesting being in Atlanta and just seeing all these names. 426 00:27:52,880 --> 00:27:55,520 Speaker 1: Coca Cola is pretty big around here, and a lot 427 00:27:55,600 --> 00:27:59,120 Speaker 1: of our streets are named after these folks. And one 428 00:27:59,200 --> 00:28:01,640 Speaker 1: day we'll have to do a whole episode on syrups 429 00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:05,120 Speaker 1: and marketing deals and food advertising. Coke has a whole 430 00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:07,720 Speaker 1: pledge about how, when, and how much they will direct 431 00:28:07,760 --> 00:28:10,040 Speaker 1: Adds two Kids, which I read and was very in 432 00:28:10,080 --> 00:28:13,800 Speaker 1: depth and definitely the whole thing about flavoring syrups. It's 433 00:28:13,880 --> 00:28:17,960 Speaker 1: a real challenge to get the flavoring of a soda 434 00:28:18,080 --> 00:28:22,440 Speaker 1: just right due to the kind of chemical shenanigans that 435 00:28:22,480 --> 00:28:25,760 Speaker 1: are going on in a in a bottle of carbonated water. Yeah, 436 00:28:26,600 --> 00:28:29,399 Speaker 1: and again in the world of coke in Atlanta. At 437 00:28:29,440 --> 00:28:32,920 Speaker 1: the end, the big draw is there's all of these 438 00:28:33,640 --> 00:28:35,840 Speaker 1: cokes from around the world are coke products, but also 439 00:28:35,960 --> 00:28:40,800 Speaker 1: just different like flavors, slight differences, and you can try 440 00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:43,280 Speaker 1: all of them. So we'll definitely have to return to 441 00:28:43,360 --> 00:28:47,520 Speaker 1: that I've never been so oh Field trip and then 442 00:28:47,560 --> 00:28:53,400 Speaker 1: easily accomplished one for once. Meanwhile, in the modern drinking 443 00:28:53,520 --> 00:28:56,640 Speaker 1: straw was first patented. It was a manila paper tube 444 00:28:56,680 --> 00:28:58,760 Speaker 1: coated with paraffin wax. We'll have to do a whole 445 00:28:58,800 --> 00:29:01,920 Speaker 1: episode about straws. We got a lot of homework from 446 00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:07,200 Speaker 1: this one. In eight or possibly, another pharmacist by the 447 00:29:07,280 --> 00:29:10,480 Speaker 1: name of Caleb Bradham came out with an energy boosting, 448 00:29:10,800 --> 00:29:17,960 Speaker 1: digestion eating drink called Caleb's Drink. Wait that Caleb what? Well. 449 00:29:18,440 --> 00:29:20,600 Speaker 1: A couple of years later they took the main ingredient 450 00:29:20,720 --> 00:29:23,720 Speaker 1: PEPs in, which was an enzyme thought to help with 451 00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:31,080 Speaker 1: digestion and cola nut extract to rename it Pepsi Cola yep. 452 00:29:31,240 --> 00:29:35,560 Speaker 1: I should have seen it coming scale drink I guess, 453 00:29:35,600 --> 00:29:38,000 Speaker 1: I guess after Coca Cola and dr Pepper I should have. 454 00:29:38,480 --> 00:29:41,800 Speaker 1: While Pepsi would later become Coke's main competitor, fluctuations and 455 00:29:41,960 --> 00:29:44,880 Speaker 1: sugar prices led the company to go bankrupt twice before 456 00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:50,520 Speaker 1: it was purchased by candy manufacturing company Aloft Incorporated. In 457 00:29:50,880 --> 00:29:53,880 Speaker 1: the eighteen nineties, soda fountains started becoming more and more 458 00:29:53,960 --> 00:29:57,960 Speaker 1: common internationally, especially in big European cities like London and Paris. 459 00:29:58,320 --> 00:30:01,760 Speaker 1: This was helped by advances in frigeration technology during this 460 00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:04,480 Speaker 1: and the next few decades, making it more possible to 461 00:30:04,560 --> 00:30:11,000 Speaker 1: serve ice cream drinks and sundays et soda fountains. By 462 00:30:11,040 --> 00:30:14,440 Speaker 1: the time nineteen two yrolled around, people were increasingly wary 463 00:30:15,040 --> 00:30:20,000 Speaker 1: of ingesting unregulated substances like cocaine uh and I'm sure 464 00:30:20,120 --> 00:30:23,320 Speaker 1: articles like this Los Angeles Times one titled they thirst 465 00:30:23,360 --> 00:30:28,240 Speaker 1: for Cocaine soda fountain fiends. Multiplying didn't help, and so 466 00:30:28,480 --> 00:30:31,719 Speaker 1: began the phasing out of narcotic ingredients and replacing them 467 00:30:31,840 --> 00:30:37,760 Speaker 1: with sugar like retre retroactive laws due to everything we've 468 00:30:37,800 --> 00:30:42,920 Speaker 1: been learning about sugar. Yeah. Also, hey, the push for 469 00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:47,200 Speaker 1: these regulations was sometimes marketed in a really super racist way, 470 00:30:48,200 --> 00:30:51,320 Speaker 1: as in like, black dudes use stuff like cocaine and 471 00:30:51,440 --> 00:30:54,240 Speaker 1: marijuana and then assault white women while they're highs so 472 00:30:54,360 --> 00:30:58,080 Speaker 1: we have to ban those substances, which is terrible and 473 00:30:58,240 --> 00:31:00,280 Speaker 1: still influences the way that drug laws are written and 474 00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:02,920 Speaker 1: enforced in the United States, which is even more terrible. 475 00:31:03,960 --> 00:31:10,920 Speaker 1: Very that's very awful. Ah, yeah, all right. In the 476 00:31:11,040 --> 00:31:14,480 Speaker 1: nineteen twenties we start to see the first automatic vending 477 00:31:14,520 --> 00:31:19,360 Speaker 1: machines and these things called home packs packs. They are 478 00:31:19,680 --> 00:31:22,560 Speaker 1: the six pack curtains used to carry drinks like coke. 479 00:31:23,960 --> 00:31:27,760 Speaker 1: The nineteen twenties is also when Coca Cola started aggressively advertising. 480 00:31:28,200 --> 00:31:30,200 Speaker 1: Over the next ten years in the US, we shifted 481 00:31:30,400 --> 00:31:33,760 Speaker 1: further and further away from the soda fountain and more 482 00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:37,800 Speaker 1: towards enjoying bottles at home are at broadside places once 483 00:31:37,840 --> 00:31:41,200 Speaker 1: they started becoming more common in the forties. The repeal 484 00:31:41,280 --> 00:31:47,640 Speaker 1: of prohibition wasn't great for soda fountains either. In Charles Leeper, 485 00:31:47,720 --> 00:31:51,600 Speaker 1: Grigg created a drink that at first contained believed mood 486 00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:55,560 Speaker 1: stabilizing drug lithium side trade. It entered the market with 487 00:31:55,680 --> 00:32:01,600 Speaker 1: the name BIB labelated lemon lime soda. Ah, that bit 488 00:32:01,720 --> 00:32:06,040 Speaker 1: label atheated lemon line. So do you ask who approved 489 00:32:06,080 --> 00:32:08,840 Speaker 1: of this name? I don't know. And they quickly realized 490 00:32:08,880 --> 00:32:11,280 Speaker 1: that it was a terrible name and changed it to 491 00:32:11,800 --> 00:32:16,240 Speaker 1: seven up. I like, how, wait, there's not even I 492 00:32:16,400 --> 00:32:20,200 Speaker 1: was like seven Whereas nobody actually knows exactly where the 493 00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:22,400 Speaker 1: name comes from. There's two prevailing theories, neither of which 494 00:32:22,400 --> 00:32:26,560 Speaker 1: I find very convincing. But BIBI label litheated lemon lamb 495 00:32:26,680 --> 00:32:31,400 Speaker 1: soda to seven up, Yeah, very different. Some of the 496 00:32:31,480 --> 00:32:34,320 Speaker 1: first ads for it read it settles the stomach for 497 00:32:34,440 --> 00:32:40,200 Speaker 1: hospital l and home use. Okay. Great. The Great Depression 498 00:32:40,240 --> 00:32:42,960 Speaker 1: in the nineteen thirties saw the beginning of the soda 499 00:32:43,800 --> 00:32:48,360 Speaker 1: value for volume race when Pepsi released a twelve ounce 500 00:32:48,400 --> 00:32:51,280 Speaker 1: Pepsi bottle for the same nickel price as a six 501 00:32:51,360 --> 00:32:54,880 Speaker 1: ounce bottle of coke, and Pepsi did a similar thing 502 00:32:54,960 --> 00:32:57,840 Speaker 1: with the price of syrups at soda fountains. They even 503 00:32:57,880 --> 00:33:01,360 Speaker 1: had a popular jingle, Pepsi Cola hits the spot twelve 504 00:33:01,400 --> 00:33:04,000 Speaker 1: food ounces. That's a lot twice as much for a 505 00:33:04,080 --> 00:33:07,240 Speaker 1: nickel to Pepsi Cola is the drink for you. Oh wow. 506 00:33:08,600 --> 00:33:13,080 Speaker 1: Coke resisted until nineteen fifty five, when it came out 507 00:33:13,160 --> 00:33:18,480 Speaker 1: with ten and twelve ounce king sized bottles. Coke's partnership 508 00:33:18,560 --> 00:33:20,800 Speaker 1: with McDonald's in the nineteen fifties up the empty two 509 00:33:20,920 --> 00:33:25,440 Speaker 1: from seven ounce to sixteen in nineteen seventy four. And 510 00:33:25,520 --> 00:33:29,800 Speaker 1: there's racism involved in this. Two ballers of Coca Cola 511 00:33:29,920 --> 00:33:32,560 Speaker 1: claimed that larger sizes were more suited for people of color. 512 00:33:32,600 --> 00:33:34,280 Speaker 1: That was one of the reasons they were trying to resist, 513 00:33:35,040 --> 00:33:37,520 Speaker 1: and when Pepsi one market share in the nineteen fifties, 514 00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:40,120 Speaker 1: Coca Cola had an ad campaign to convince white people 515 00:33:40,200 --> 00:33:46,760 Speaker 1: that the larger bottles were not just for black people anymore. Wow. Anyway. Basically, 516 00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:49,920 Speaker 1: capitalism is why New York has laws banning the gulps. 517 00:33:50,560 --> 00:33:53,400 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, because they just kept being well, you can 518 00:33:53,440 --> 00:33:54,920 Speaker 1: get this much for this much, and this much for 519 00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:58,200 Speaker 1: this much, and then eventually you're just driving around in 520 00:33:58,280 --> 00:34:04,000 Speaker 1: a tank full of cover. Just fill our filler up, please. Uh. 521 00:34:04,240 --> 00:34:06,760 Speaker 1: Soda was first packaged in cans tin cans in the 522 00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:09,960 Speaker 1: late nineteen thirties, but sodacans would not really take off 523 00:34:10,040 --> 00:34:14,440 Speaker 1: until aluminum to cold. Along comes Mountain Dew and Fanta 524 00:34:14,640 --> 00:34:17,160 Speaker 1: in the nineteen forties, and Coca Cola set up bottling 525 00:34:17,200 --> 00:34:20,600 Speaker 1: operations in Europe for the troops stations there during World 526 00:34:20,640 --> 00:34:23,239 Speaker 1: War Two. This was a pretty good move because it 527 00:34:23,440 --> 00:34:26,760 Speaker 1: endeared them. It endeared the brand of soldiers and their families. 528 00:34:26,880 --> 00:34:29,480 Speaker 1: It set them up to enter the global market, and 529 00:34:29,640 --> 00:34:34,520 Speaker 1: they cemented themselves as this quintessentially American product. And the 530 00:34:34,600 --> 00:34:37,960 Speaker 1: soft drink industry is one of the best at advertising, 531 00:34:38,080 --> 00:34:40,239 Speaker 1: and this became quite apparent after World War Two with 532 00:34:40,280 --> 00:34:43,919 Speaker 1: a slew of celebrity endorsements, movie Taliant's TV ads, those 533 00:34:44,000 --> 00:34:48,120 Speaker 1: aforementioned catchy slogans. But when the sixties ushered in a 534 00:34:48,200 --> 00:34:52,040 Speaker 1: new focus on health and fitness, the industry had to adapt. 535 00:34:52,360 --> 00:34:55,680 Speaker 1: So how did they do this? They introduced sugar free 536 00:34:55,800 --> 00:34:59,360 Speaker 1: diet and caffeine free options. The first no calorie beverage 537 00:34:59,480 --> 00:35:03,200 Speaker 1: No cal Beverage Easy to Remember, was introduced in nineteen 538 00:35:03,280 --> 00:35:07,480 Speaker 1: fifty two. Aluminum cans came along in seven pool Ring 539 00:35:07,680 --> 00:35:10,840 Speaker 1: tab in nineteen sixty two, and you could find aluminum 540 00:35:10,920 --> 00:35:13,960 Speaker 1: cans and vending machines starting in nineteen sixty five and 541 00:35:14,080 --> 00:35:19,560 Speaker 1: then in nineteen seventy plastic bottles. Pepsi challenged Coke's dominance 542 00:35:19,719 --> 00:35:22,279 Speaker 1: once again in the seventies and eighties with their blind 543 00:35:22,480 --> 00:35:27,759 Speaker 1: Taste test ad campaign. The Pepsi challenge. Coke countered by 544 00:35:27,920 --> 00:35:32,799 Speaker 1: changing their formula to make new coke in but as 545 00:35:32,840 --> 00:35:35,480 Speaker 1: some of you you will remember, this was a gigantic 546 00:35:35,560 --> 00:35:41,399 Speaker 1: misstep and they quickly reverse course. In seven we see 547 00:35:41,440 --> 00:35:44,839 Speaker 1: the formula for Red Bull, but it took until two 548 00:35:44,880 --> 00:35:46,960 Speaker 1: thousand one for energy drinks to really take off in 549 00:35:46,960 --> 00:35:54,920 Speaker 1: the US, and then more Injurguegue all kinds of Injrigue. 550 00:35:55,320 --> 00:35:58,360 Speaker 1: In two thousand and six, FBI agents in Atlanta, Georgia, 551 00:35:58,840 --> 00:36:03,000 Speaker 1: they caught two ex Coke employees and an accomplice attempting 552 00:36:03,040 --> 00:36:06,520 Speaker 1: to steal and sell Coke trade secrets to rival Pepsi 553 00:36:06,640 --> 00:36:10,719 Speaker 1: for one point five million dollars. Oh my goodness, and 554 00:36:10,880 --> 00:36:13,880 Speaker 1: undercover FBI agent met one of the perpetrators at the 555 00:36:13,960 --> 00:36:17,719 Speaker 1: airport in Atlanta trading a box of Girl Scout cookies 556 00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:21,320 Speaker 1: stuffed with thirty thousand dollars you know, for an Armoni 557 00:36:21,440 --> 00:36:26,080 Speaker 1: bag filled with a new product sample and confidential documents 558 00:36:26,160 --> 00:36:30,000 Speaker 1: of Coke's trade secrets. Pepsi reported this attempt to Coke 559 00:36:30,280 --> 00:36:32,520 Speaker 1: because they got a tip on their like tip hotline 560 00:36:32,960 --> 00:36:36,600 Speaker 1: UM and PEPSI said competition can be fierce, but it 561 00:36:36,719 --> 00:36:40,120 Speaker 1: must also be fair and legal, and then Coke spokesperson 562 00:36:40,239 --> 00:36:42,680 Speaker 1: promised that the secret formula was not and is not 563 00:36:42,920 --> 00:36:45,640 Speaker 1: at risk, and well, of course it isn't. It'sn't that 564 00:36:45,760 --> 00:36:47,680 Speaker 1: huge vault at the world of Coke. We all know that. 565 00:36:48,280 --> 00:36:50,920 Speaker 1: So the whole tour is about tell me it's not 566 00:36:51,040 --> 00:36:57,560 Speaker 1: in there. M Meanwhile, in two thousand nine, Soda Stream 567 00:36:57,640 --> 00:37:01,560 Speaker 1: brand home carbonation machines became widely available in the United States, 568 00:37:01,719 --> 00:37:05,800 Speaker 1: sparking a fairly huge popularity for that end like devices, 569 00:37:06,239 --> 00:37:08,520 Speaker 1: although this is kind of old news to Europe and 570 00:37:08,600 --> 00:37:11,160 Speaker 1: other parts of the world. The company was actually established 571 00:37:11,200 --> 00:37:14,279 Speaker 1: in nineteen o three by a London gin distiller and 572 00:37:14,560 --> 00:37:18,440 Speaker 1: had been marketing to home consumers since nine. If you're 573 00:37:18,440 --> 00:37:20,600 Speaker 1: interested in this kind of thing but don't want to 574 00:37:20,640 --> 00:37:22,520 Speaker 1: go buy one, there's also a couple of d I 575 00:37:22,760 --> 00:37:26,080 Speaker 1: Y instruction manuals kicking around online for creating your own 576 00:37:26,160 --> 00:37:28,560 Speaker 1: carbonation set up at home, which is a little bit 577 00:37:28,600 --> 00:37:32,040 Speaker 1: more dangerous, but also a bunch of cheaper and more flexible. 578 00:37:32,600 --> 00:37:36,120 Speaker 1: If you want to really get extra carbonation into your 579 00:37:36,320 --> 00:37:40,240 Speaker 1: carbonated water drinks, so way out your options there. Proceed 580 00:37:40,360 --> 00:37:45,520 Speaker 1: with caution. Yes. In the twenty teens, pushback against sugars 581 00:37:45,560 --> 00:37:49,160 Speaker 1: negative health effects has led to lots of proposed regulations 582 00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:53,920 Speaker 1: against soda and a few that actually passed. In Philadelphia 583 00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:56,680 Speaker 1: became the first major American city to pass an anti 584 00:37:56,800 --> 00:37:59,799 Speaker 1: soda tax. It had a little over sent per ounce 585 00:37:59,880 --> 00:38:02,200 Speaker 1: like sent and a half pounce of tax to every 586 00:38:02,239 --> 00:38:05,920 Speaker 1: ounce of soda that is sold. In France, Hungary and 587 00:38:06,040 --> 00:38:10,160 Speaker 1: Mexico they've got similar taxes, and the UK taxes soda 588 00:38:10,239 --> 00:38:13,480 Speaker 1: makers directly based on the sugar content of their products. 589 00:38:14,080 --> 00:38:16,879 Speaker 1: Not all of these efforts have been as successful as 590 00:38:17,080 --> 00:38:20,719 Speaker 1: was hoped. It does seem that smaller consumer taxes don't 591 00:38:20,760 --> 00:38:23,600 Speaker 1: really do much good because soda sellers just absorb the 592 00:38:23,680 --> 00:38:27,040 Speaker 1: cost rather than passing it on to their customers. But 593 00:38:27,239 --> 00:38:29,320 Speaker 1: some of them have been have been relatively effective. The 594 00:38:29,560 --> 00:38:32,680 Speaker 1: Mexican tax is pretty high, it's done pretty well, and 595 00:38:32,880 --> 00:38:37,000 Speaker 1: that UK one, I think is is doing sort of okay. Also. 596 00:38:37,080 --> 00:38:39,840 Speaker 1: Over the past ten years or so, the craft cocktail movement, 597 00:38:40,200 --> 00:38:43,239 Speaker 1: along with that pushback against big soda, has created a 598 00:38:43,280 --> 00:38:47,000 Speaker 1: space for handmade sodas to become popular again and classic 599 00:38:47,080 --> 00:38:50,320 Speaker 1: soda ingredients to like, for example, acid phosphate, which is 600 00:38:50,440 --> 00:38:54,520 Speaker 1: this partially neutralized acid plus mineral salt combination that was 601 00:38:54,840 --> 00:38:58,320 Speaker 1: originally used as a cheaper and less perishable substitute for 602 00:38:58,400 --> 00:39:01,840 Speaker 1: lemon and lime juices. Because sour, but with a twist. 603 00:39:03,080 --> 00:39:09,240 Speaker 1: Oh it's it's a pure tingly kind of sour, unlike citrus, 604 00:39:09,280 --> 00:39:12,200 Speaker 1: which has, of course lots of other flavor compounds involved. 605 00:39:12,719 --> 00:39:15,919 Speaker 1: A related compound, phosphoric acid, is a component of lots 606 00:39:15,960 --> 00:39:19,120 Speaker 1: of commercial sodas, but acid phosphate can now be found 607 00:39:19,160 --> 00:39:24,120 Speaker 1: again behind some bars where it belongs. That was our 608 00:39:24,239 --> 00:39:28,040 Speaker 1: history and some modern stuff segment um. And so now 609 00:39:28,080 --> 00:39:30,080 Speaker 1: I got some science for you, a little bit of 610 00:39:30,400 --> 00:39:32,840 Speaker 1: a little bit, yeah, a couple of extra little science. 611 00:39:33,239 --> 00:39:37,200 Speaker 1: Carbon dioxide sort of facts around here, so um, okay, okay. 612 00:39:37,520 --> 00:39:42,920 Speaker 1: The foam, the foam of soda. Yeah, the fizz soda 613 00:39:43,000 --> 00:39:46,719 Speaker 1: foams up around scoops of ice cream, mints, and basically 614 00:39:46,760 --> 00:39:49,320 Speaker 1: anything else that you drop into a glass or a bottle. 615 00:39:49,800 --> 00:39:53,200 Speaker 1: Because of the way that carbon dioxide bubbles make their 616 00:39:53,239 --> 00:39:57,480 Speaker 1: exit from the liquid, the bubbles in carbonated beverages form 617 00:39:57,920 --> 00:40:01,719 Speaker 1: or seed off of tiny ridges in the container holding them. 618 00:40:02,120 --> 00:40:04,400 Speaker 1: You might have observed this in a champagne flute or 619 00:40:04,440 --> 00:40:06,680 Speaker 1: beer glass, or when you drop a sugar cube into 620 00:40:06,719 --> 00:40:09,840 Speaker 1: a cocktail that contains soda water, or in a glass 621 00:40:09,880 --> 00:40:13,400 Speaker 1: of soda that has crushed ice or a straw. The 622 00:40:13,440 --> 00:40:17,200 Speaker 1: bubbles form at particular points where the micro structures of 623 00:40:17,239 --> 00:40:19,680 Speaker 1: the surfaces that are you know, hanging out in the 624 00:40:19,760 --> 00:40:23,200 Speaker 1: liquid are a little bit rough. Stuff like ice cream 625 00:40:23,280 --> 00:40:25,839 Speaker 1: and mints and sugar cubes are made up of these 626 00:40:25,920 --> 00:40:30,279 Speaker 1: incredibly complex, very pointy micro structures that give bubbles just 627 00:40:30,400 --> 00:40:32,840 Speaker 1: a hell of a chances to form and so form 628 00:40:33,239 --> 00:40:37,800 Speaker 1: and foam they do. Also quick health note this. This 629 00:40:37,920 --> 00:40:39,880 Speaker 1: came up on my Facebook feed one time and in 630 00:40:39,920 --> 00:40:43,440 Speaker 1: a question, is carbonated water just as good for you 631 00:40:43,560 --> 00:40:48,640 Speaker 1: as regular water? Is it? Yeah? Basically I. Despite being 632 00:40:48,719 --> 00:40:52,439 Speaker 1: slightly more acidic than most still water, is, carbonated water 633 00:40:52,560 --> 00:40:55,920 Speaker 1: hydrates you similarly enough to not make any kind of 634 00:40:55,960 --> 00:40:59,560 Speaker 1: a difference. So if sparkling water encourages you to hydrate 635 00:40:59,600 --> 00:41:03,160 Speaker 1: more than still water does, go for it. Unless you're 636 00:41:03,160 --> 00:41:07,680 Speaker 1: trying to avoid or cure a urinary tract infection or ulcers, 637 00:41:07,800 --> 00:41:10,439 Speaker 1: or any other condition in which you should avoid any 638 00:41:10,480 --> 00:41:13,200 Speaker 1: extra acid in your diet other than that, if you 639 00:41:13,280 --> 00:41:17,719 Speaker 1: like it, drink it excellent. Yeah, I have to I 640 00:41:17,800 --> 00:41:22,000 Speaker 1: have to admit that I am. I don't miss giving 641 00:41:22,080 --> 00:41:26,080 Speaker 1: up soda sop drinks too often, but sometimes every now 642 00:41:26,160 --> 00:41:30,120 Speaker 1: and then I have like a dream about that first sip. Oh, 643 00:41:30,280 --> 00:41:33,719 Speaker 1: I know, all I really want is the first sip. 644 00:41:33,840 --> 00:41:35,680 Speaker 1: I know it's strange, and then after that, I'm like, oh, 645 00:41:35,760 --> 00:41:41,160 Speaker 1: someone else take this, so much of it taking out 646 00:41:41,200 --> 00:41:44,400 Speaker 1: all over. Yeah, I love that all of the uh, 647 00:41:44,880 --> 00:41:48,200 Speaker 1: non sweetened carbonated waters have been coming out lately with 648 00:41:48,280 --> 00:41:51,080 Speaker 1: all kinds of weird different flavors. I find those lovely. 649 00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:57,200 Speaker 1: And yeah, I'm convinced that that that that McDonald's Coke 650 00:41:58,160 --> 00:42:00,400 Speaker 1: really does I don't know, like that that's like like 651 00:42:00,520 --> 00:42:03,040 Speaker 1: fat from the fryer or something like that gets into 652 00:42:03,120 --> 00:42:05,360 Speaker 1: it and just changes it's it's so much better in 653 00:42:05,520 --> 00:42:08,200 Speaker 1: McDonald's than it is anywhere else. Well, that's why I 654 00:42:08,320 --> 00:42:11,800 Speaker 1: really want to come back to food tie ups, like 655 00:42:12,520 --> 00:42:15,799 Speaker 1: because McDonald's is one of the reasons McDonald's and Coke 656 00:42:15,880 --> 00:42:18,439 Speaker 1: their partnership. That's one of the reasons we have these 657 00:42:18,480 --> 00:42:22,160 Speaker 1: like huge drinks, and so I'm just intrigued to kind 658 00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:25,759 Speaker 1: of look into that. Um this this episode had so 659 00:42:26,000 --> 00:42:32,560 Speaker 1: many like offshoots in science, just innovations and history of 660 00:42:32,719 --> 00:42:36,640 Speaker 1: famous people bopping up everywhere. Oh yeah, I and I kept. 661 00:42:37,200 --> 00:42:38,440 Speaker 1: I feel a little bit bad. I feel like I 662 00:42:38,520 --> 00:42:41,759 Speaker 1: didn't do any of the machinery enough justice. I don't know, 663 00:42:41,840 --> 00:42:43,879 Speaker 1: maybe we need to like do a crossover with tech 664 00:42:43,880 --> 00:42:46,960 Speaker 1: stuff or something like that, and so that good soda 665 00:42:47,040 --> 00:42:50,320 Speaker 1: machinery in there, because it's really fascinating. It really is, 666 00:42:50,719 --> 00:42:54,160 Speaker 1: and very intricate. There's so many patents and they're all 667 00:42:54,360 --> 00:42:58,600 Speaker 1: really beautiful. But in the meantime, yes, we've got some 668 00:42:59,160 --> 00:43:04,360 Speaker 1: Listenerva Scott wrote in on Facebook with a correction for 669 00:43:04,480 --> 00:43:08,640 Speaker 1: our jelly donut episode. He said, I'm a jelly donut 670 00:43:09,680 --> 00:43:12,800 Speaker 1: is not about the meaning of Berliner. It's a grammatical 671 00:43:12,880 --> 00:43:16,680 Speaker 1: point about the word just before it iron in English, 672 00:43:16,760 --> 00:43:19,799 Speaker 1: a or anne. If you want to say that you're 673 00:43:19,840 --> 00:43:23,680 Speaker 1: from a place, you don't use iron or in the 674 00:43:23,960 --> 00:43:26,239 Speaker 1: that's the masculine and feminine forms. He should have said 675 00:43:26,440 --> 00:43:30,480 Speaker 1: it been Berliner. Berliner grammatically refers to a male person 676 00:43:30,560 --> 00:43:35,680 Speaker 1: from Berlin, a female Berliner in I'm Berliner grammatically refers 677 00:43:35,719 --> 00:43:41,919 Speaker 1: to the donut. Mhm. So articles. Huh. I know that's 678 00:43:41,960 --> 00:43:44,480 Speaker 1: interesting because so many of the things that I read 679 00:43:45,000 --> 00:43:49,560 Speaker 1: from reputable sources, you'd think it would become a simple 680 00:43:49,640 --> 00:43:51,919 Speaker 1: thing to class over that. Yeah, well they said flat 681 00:43:51,960 --> 00:43:54,360 Speaker 1: out that it was a myth um and it seems 682 00:43:54,360 --> 00:43:58,000 Speaker 1: like it would be simple enough. But anyway, thank you. Yeah, 683 00:43:58,120 --> 00:44:00,360 Speaker 1: the correction, Yeah, I mean it's none the less. It 684 00:44:00,400 --> 00:44:02,920 Speaker 1: seems like everyone in Germany understood exactly what was going on. 685 00:44:03,520 --> 00:44:06,600 Speaker 1: But yes, but no, thank you so much, Scott. Another 686 00:44:06,920 --> 00:44:11,360 Speaker 1: jelly donut note of extreme culture importance from Ethan That 687 00:44:11,520 --> 00:44:14,200 Speaker 1: was his subject line. This is a bit silly, but 688 00:44:14,320 --> 00:44:17,880 Speaker 1: my experience with jelly donuts is an infamous americanization of 689 00:44:17,960 --> 00:44:22,720 Speaker 1: the Pokemon TV show. In one episode, Ash's companion Frock, 690 00:44:22,800 --> 00:44:26,080 Speaker 1: refers to rice balls as jelly donuts because American kids 691 00:44:26,120 --> 00:44:29,080 Speaker 1: wouldn't know what rice balls are, presumably even though they 692 00:44:29,320 --> 00:44:32,439 Speaker 1: look like rice balls and there I don't know anyway. Yeah, 693 00:44:32,640 --> 00:44:35,120 Speaker 1: he sent us the know your meme on it and 694 00:44:35,640 --> 00:44:38,680 Speaker 1: the yes they are clearly rice falls, and the caption 695 00:44:38,840 --> 00:44:42,000 Speaker 1: is these donuts are great, jelly filled are my favorite 696 00:44:44,440 --> 00:44:47,040 Speaker 1: with balls of rice with like seaweed wrapped around them. Yeah, 697 00:44:47,239 --> 00:44:50,960 Speaker 1: it's pretty excellent. So thank you for sending that Ethan 698 00:44:52,200 --> 00:44:55,120 Speaker 1: also Joris or perhaps yours. I'm so sorry if I'm 699 00:44:55,120 --> 00:44:58,760 Speaker 1: betraying your name, wrote After hearing the not So Corny 700 00:44:58,840 --> 00:45:01,960 Speaker 1: Popcorn episode and the link between cinemas and popcorn, I 701 00:45:02,080 --> 00:45:04,680 Speaker 1: felt the urge to share the following factoid with you. 702 00:45:05,080 --> 00:45:08,480 Speaker 1: In all Disney parks, there's a popcorn concession just as 703 00:45:08,560 --> 00:45:11,400 Speaker 1: you enter. This struck me as odd as Europeans usually 704 00:45:11,440 --> 00:45:15,000 Speaker 1: wouldn't enjoy popcorn in the hot Californian or Floridian climate, 705 00:45:15,600 --> 00:45:18,319 Speaker 1: But then I heard the reason behind this. It's tied 706 00:45:18,360 --> 00:45:21,440 Speaker 1: into the hole entering the movie concept that Walt Disney 707 00:45:21,520 --> 00:45:24,040 Speaker 1: wanted to achieve. When you approach the park, you can 708 00:45:24,040 --> 00:45:26,320 Speaker 1: see some of the larger rides from the outside. This 709 00:45:26,480 --> 00:45:29,520 Speaker 1: is like the now showing billboards at classical cinemas. You 710 00:45:29,560 --> 00:45:32,200 Speaker 1: then buy your tickets and enter the lobby. This is 711 00:45:32,239 --> 00:45:34,719 Speaker 1: where the popcorn is being sold, so there's usually a 712 00:45:34,800 --> 00:45:38,680 Speaker 1: distinct popcorn smell. Even pass through a tunnel, usually under 713 00:45:38,719 --> 00:45:41,680 Speaker 1: the railroad, with posters advertising different rides in the park. 714 00:45:42,040 --> 00:45:45,000 Speaker 1: This emulates the dimming of the lights and the movie previews. 715 00:45:45,400 --> 00:45:47,560 Speaker 1: Then you step back into the light and enter main 716 00:45:47,640 --> 00:45:50,279 Speaker 1: street with the castle at the end, and basically you've 717 00:45:50,440 --> 00:45:53,640 Speaker 1: entered the inside of the movies. As far as I know, 718 00:45:53,800 --> 00:45:56,520 Speaker 1: this is used everywhere, although I can personally confirm it 719 00:45:56,600 --> 00:45:59,480 Speaker 1: at the American resorts and in Europe, the Asian ones 720 00:45:59,520 --> 00:46:02,520 Speaker 1: are still on the wish list. That's pretty cool. Yeah, 721 00:46:02,560 --> 00:46:04,319 Speaker 1: I've never thought of it that way, but it makes 722 00:46:04,400 --> 00:46:06,759 Speaker 1: complete sense. It really does. And next time I go, 723 00:46:06,920 --> 00:46:10,360 Speaker 1: I'm going to pay attention to that. Yeah, I appreciate it, 724 00:46:11,120 --> 00:46:13,520 Speaker 1: sort of rushing forth to the eyes like I am 725 00:46:13,680 --> 00:46:15,960 Speaker 1: wont to do. Yes, well, you've got stuff to do there. 726 00:46:16,080 --> 00:46:20,120 Speaker 1: You've got a schedule, I know. So thank you to 727 00:46:20,680 --> 00:46:24,560 Speaker 1: all of them for writing. Yeah. Um, if you would 728 00:46:24,600 --> 00:46:25,960 Speaker 1: like to write to us, you can do so. Our 729 00:46:26,040 --> 00:46:28,359 Speaker 1: email is food Stuff at how stuff works dot com. 730 00:46:28,560 --> 00:46:30,800 Speaker 1: We're also on social media. You can find us on 731 00:46:31,480 --> 00:46:34,759 Speaker 1: Twitter and Facebook at food Stuff. HSW stands for how 732 00:46:34,800 --> 00:46:39,200 Speaker 1: stuff Works. We're also on Instagram at food Stuff. Thank 733 00:46:39,239 --> 00:46:42,520 Speaker 1: you so much to our amazing super producer, Dylan Fagin. 734 00:46:43,160 --> 00:46:45,080 Speaker 1: Thanks to you for listening, and we hope that lots 735 00:46:45,120 --> 00:46:46,560 Speaker 1: more good things are coming your way.