1
00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:03,760
Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how

2
00:00:03,840 --> 00:00:13,920
Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

3
00:00:14,200 --> 00:00:18,920
Speaker 1: I'm editor Candice Gibson, joined as always by writer Jane McGrath.

4
00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:21,599
Speaker 1: Hey there, Hey Jane. Have you ever been to the Loop?

5
00:00:22,239 --> 00:00:23,880
Speaker 1: I have once. Actually I had to rush through it

6
00:00:23,880 --> 00:00:26,120
Speaker 1: because I didn't have much time. But I did see

7
00:00:26,120 --> 00:00:29,000
Speaker 1: the Mona Lisa. Oh, well, did you see the Code

8
00:00:29,040 --> 00:00:31,240
Speaker 1: of Hamma Robbie. I didn't. I didn't get around to that.

9
00:00:31,720 --> 00:00:34,840
Speaker 1: It's one of those things that isn't as aesthetically appealing

10
00:00:35,120 --> 00:00:38,199
Speaker 1: as the Mona Lisa or the sundry other works of

11
00:00:38,320 --> 00:00:41,240
Speaker 1: art hanging in the Loop, but it's a pretty important

12
00:00:41,400 --> 00:00:45,760
Speaker 1: piece of well, big black stone. It's basically a big stilla,

13
00:00:46,560 --> 00:00:50,199
Speaker 1: which just means monument. Basically, I just kidding. It's more

14
00:00:50,200 --> 00:00:53,440
Speaker 1: important than that. It stands about a little over seven

15
00:00:53,479 --> 00:00:57,040
Speaker 1: ft tall. The monument itself isn't as important as what

16
00:00:57,120 --> 00:01:00,320
Speaker 1: actually has written on it, and it has about three

17
00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:03,200
Speaker 1: hundred laws on It's all written in sort of a

18
00:01:03,200 --> 00:01:08,160
Speaker 1: conditional if this then that format, and it's really it's

19
00:01:08,240 --> 00:01:10,960
Speaker 1: it's fascinating for archaeologists and historians because it's one of

20
00:01:11,000 --> 00:01:14,800
Speaker 1: the earliest and most intact codes of law that has

21
00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:18,199
Speaker 1: ever been found, and it was developed by Himurabi and

22
00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:21,679
Speaker 1: he is synonymous with Babylon, and Babylon was really one

23
00:01:21,720 --> 00:01:25,000
Speaker 1: of the first, really sort of bustling empires of the

24
00:01:25,080 --> 00:01:29,200
Speaker 1: ancient world. And he was a really intelligent ruler and

25
00:01:29,240 --> 00:01:31,960
Speaker 1: one of the things that he prided himself on was

26
00:01:32,040 --> 00:01:37,440
Speaker 1: being fair and just, and he really laid out his

27
00:01:37,560 --> 00:01:41,760
Speaker 1: expectations for his subjects in black and white, and the

28
00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:45,200
Speaker 1: Code of him A Rabi exemplifies this because he made

29
00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:48,280
Speaker 1: them available for everyone to see and he displayed them

30
00:01:48,280 --> 00:01:51,960
Speaker 1: in a very public place. So while Himmurabi was pretty

31
00:01:51,960 --> 00:01:54,880
Speaker 1: strict and he held his people accountable for their behavior

32
00:01:54,920 --> 00:01:57,960
Speaker 1: in a very severe way, there really was no excuse

33
00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:00,280
Speaker 1: for breaking the law, because you would have seen that

34
00:02:00,520 --> 00:02:03,920
Speaker 1: very clearly. And so the monument, like we said today,

35
00:02:04,040 --> 00:02:06,120
Speaker 1: is in the Louver and that's because in nineteen o

36
00:02:06,280 --> 00:02:10,520
Speaker 1: one a French archaeologist found it, and he didn't find

37
00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:14,400
Speaker 1: it in Babylon. He actually found it in a really

38
00:02:14,480 --> 00:02:19,040
Speaker 1: mountainous sort of remote region of Persia. And presumably it's

39
00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:22,320
Speaker 1: because one of the later conquerors who came in every

40
00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:25,600
Speaker 1: through Babylon would have taken the Code back as part

41
00:02:25,639 --> 00:02:29,400
Speaker 1: of the spoils, and it's really trophy of symbolic of

42
00:02:29,520 --> 00:02:32,600
Speaker 1: look at this very mighty empire and how it's fallen.

43
00:02:32,760 --> 00:02:35,120
Speaker 1: But what Jane and I are really interested in is

44
00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:38,160
Speaker 1: the code itself and what it means, not just in

45
00:02:38,560 --> 00:02:43,639
Speaker 1: the ancient Babylonian society but today. That's right, and historians

46
00:02:43,639 --> 00:02:46,120
Speaker 1: anyone who's interested in the history of law in general

47
00:02:46,200 --> 00:02:48,320
Speaker 1: love looking at the Code of Amara because it's one

48
00:02:48,320 --> 00:02:50,400
Speaker 1: of the earliest we know of. To give you an

49
00:02:50,440 --> 00:02:54,080
Speaker 1: idea of how it detailed, these laws can get um.

50
00:02:54,160 --> 00:02:57,160
Speaker 1: You look at number of fifty nine says if any man,

51
00:02:57,240 --> 00:02:59,560
Speaker 1: without the knowledge of the owner of a garden, fill

52
00:02:59,600 --> 00:03:01,640
Speaker 1: a tree in a garden, he shall pay half a

53
00:03:01,680 --> 00:03:06,000
Speaker 1: minor and money. This is incredibly detailed, specific law, and

54
00:03:06,040 --> 00:03:08,760
Speaker 1: this is one of the reasons why um historians actually

55
00:03:08,800 --> 00:03:11,239
Speaker 1: don't think the code stood on its own and sort

56
00:03:11,240 --> 00:03:15,120
Speaker 1: of an independent of itself, because it has these very

57
00:03:15,160 --> 00:03:18,200
Speaker 1: deep detailed laws like the one I mentioned, but it

58
00:03:18,240 --> 00:03:21,240
Speaker 1: doesn't have some more obvious ones that you would expect,

59
00:03:21,280 --> 00:03:24,480
Speaker 1: more overarching laws. This is what happens when you murder

60
00:03:24,560 --> 00:03:27,440
Speaker 1: someone in general, sort of something like that. But it's

61
00:03:27,440 --> 00:03:30,760
Speaker 1: it's very detailed, So historians tend to think that it

62
00:03:30,840 --> 00:03:33,360
Speaker 1: was sort of an addition to laws that were already

63
00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:35,720
Speaker 1: on the book so to speak. Um, but that have

64
00:03:35,800 --> 00:03:40,040
Speaker 1: been lost to history, so it's supplemental. And like Damon's mentioning,

65
00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:43,040
Speaker 1: they're so specific, one has to wonder if these laws

66
00:03:43,080 --> 00:03:46,240
Speaker 1: were written after some sort of event occurred that set

67
00:03:46,280 --> 00:03:49,040
Speaker 1: up president for needing a certain role. Like For instance,

68
00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:52,960
Speaker 1: one that struck me really interesting is this law that reads,

69
00:03:53,480 --> 00:03:56,800
Speaker 1: if a man give his child to a nurse and

70
00:03:56,840 --> 00:04:00,640
Speaker 1: the child die in her hands, but the nurse, unbeknownst

71
00:04:00,680 --> 00:04:03,880
Speaker 1: to the father and mother, nurse another child, then they

72
00:04:03,920 --> 00:04:06,600
Speaker 1: shall convict her of having nursed another child without the

73
00:04:06,640 --> 00:04:09,520
Speaker 1: knowledge of the father and mother. Here's the clincher, and

74
00:04:09,560 --> 00:04:13,480
Speaker 1: her breasts shall be cut off. So have I forbid

75
00:04:13,560 --> 00:04:17,080
Speaker 1: you'd be a wet nurse an ancient Babylon But um,

76
00:04:17,120 --> 00:04:20,280
Speaker 1: a law like this, really, it's just sort of smacks of, well,

77
00:04:20,360 --> 00:04:22,640
Speaker 1: something must have happened for them to have written this law.

78
00:04:22,720 --> 00:04:25,719
Speaker 1: It just doesn't see me later that Hammer Rabbi would have,

79
00:04:25,720 --> 00:04:27,680
Speaker 1: you know, written this as one of the codes without

80
00:04:27,680 --> 00:04:30,080
Speaker 1: some sort of precedent. Yeah, And I think historians like

81
00:04:30,240 --> 00:04:33,320
Speaker 1: we actually look at this and they say, you know, maybe, um,

82
00:04:33,360 --> 00:04:35,560
Speaker 1: there were laws on the books and everything, but that

83
00:04:35,680 --> 00:04:38,560
Speaker 1: specific cases would come up to Hammurabi himself and he

84
00:04:38,560 --> 00:04:41,520
Speaker 1: would make an executive decision that weren't addressed previously in

85
00:04:41,520 --> 00:04:45,000
Speaker 1: the law. And these decisions that he made ended up

86
00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:47,480
Speaker 1: being written because he was so proud of how just

87
00:04:47,680 --> 00:04:49,599
Speaker 1: he is obviously that he wrote them on the on

88
00:04:49,680 --> 00:04:53,520
Speaker 1: the books, on his stella. But also another reason why

89
00:04:53,560 --> 00:04:55,640
Speaker 1: historians saying didn't stand on its own was because there

90
00:04:55,680 --> 00:05:00,640
Speaker 1: are some inconsistencies, interestingly on the code of Hammurab. For instance,

91
00:05:00,839 --> 00:05:03,200
Speaker 1: if you were an ancient Babylon, you and me, and

92
00:05:03,360 --> 00:05:10,200
Speaker 1: I gave you like a mule for safe keeping. Thanks um,

93
00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:11,520
Speaker 1: So if I gave it to you, but I didn't

94
00:05:11,560 --> 00:05:14,080
Speaker 1: have any witnesses and I didn't have a contract, in

95
00:05:14,200 --> 00:05:17,560
Speaker 1: one law it says that I the giver, I don't

96
00:05:17,560 --> 00:05:20,520
Speaker 1: have a claim on the mule anymore. But in another instance,

97
00:05:20,520 --> 00:05:24,200
Speaker 1: a very the exact same kind of situation, it says

98
00:05:24,279 --> 00:05:25,880
Speaker 1: that you would be at fault and you would actually

99
00:05:25,920 --> 00:05:27,719
Speaker 1: be a thief and you would be put to death.

100
00:05:28,040 --> 00:05:30,320
Speaker 1: That's what's so funny to me about the Kurd Hamarabi,

101
00:05:30,560 --> 00:05:33,839
Speaker 1: not the inconsistencies. But what you were mentioning before, If

102
00:05:33,880 --> 00:05:35,920
Speaker 1: if I didn't have any proof that you had given

103
00:05:35,960 --> 00:05:39,080
Speaker 1: me this mule, there's no room for hearsay. And the

104
00:05:39,120 --> 00:05:44,120
Speaker 1: code evidence is absolutely imperative. And so I guess that's

105
00:05:44,160 --> 00:05:48,120
Speaker 1: the good news. If you are an accused perpetrator not

106
00:05:48,200 --> 00:05:50,919
Speaker 1: yet an accused criminal. You know, if they say that

107
00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:53,960
Speaker 1: you've stolen something in ancient Babylon, well you better have

108
00:05:54,240 --> 00:05:56,599
Speaker 1: the thing that you are thought to have stolen in

109
00:05:56,680 --> 00:06:00,359
Speaker 1: your possession. If they say that you've committed adultery, well

110
00:06:00,560 --> 00:06:03,640
Speaker 1: some peeping tom better have seen you, you know, ravishing

111
00:06:03,680 --> 00:06:08,760
Speaker 1: somebody else's wife. There has to be evidentiary support. And

112
00:06:09,400 --> 00:06:12,960
Speaker 1: once you were accused as a criminal, there were sort

113
00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:15,720
Speaker 1: of two ways out. One of them was death, which

114
00:06:15,880 --> 00:06:18,000
Speaker 1: will get to in justin Mena, and the other was

115
00:06:18,080 --> 00:06:21,279
Speaker 1: this sort of witchcraft trial you could undergo and the

116
00:06:21,320 --> 00:06:26,240
Speaker 1: Euphrates River, and again historians conjecture that people in ancient

117
00:06:26,279 --> 00:06:30,200
Speaker 1: Babylon hadn't really mastered the art of swimming, so you

118
00:06:30,240 --> 00:06:33,480
Speaker 1: could wade into the river and if you sank and drowned,

119
00:06:33,560 --> 00:06:35,760
Speaker 1: then you were guilty, and you know, good riddence. You

120
00:06:35,800 --> 00:06:38,919
Speaker 1: were dead. You were put to death. But if for

121
00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:41,480
Speaker 1: some magical reason the water was able to convey you

122
00:06:41,520 --> 00:06:44,599
Speaker 1: back to shore and you came out alive, then you

123
00:06:44,640 --> 00:06:46,719
Speaker 1: were innocent and you were allowed to keep your life.

124
00:06:46,800 --> 00:06:49,160
Speaker 1: And it's interesting they're they're creative when it came to

125
00:06:49,320 --> 00:06:52,400
Speaker 1: ways to die as well. Um. I think it was

126
00:06:52,440 --> 00:06:55,800
Speaker 1: about twenty eight different crimes weren't death in these laws.

127
00:06:56,120 --> 00:07:01,560
Speaker 1: They've ranged from things like robbery, adultery, maybe witchcraft similar

128
00:07:01,600 --> 00:07:03,800
Speaker 1: to what you were talking about, and even harboring or

129
00:07:03,839 --> 00:07:06,440
Speaker 1: runaway slave, which kind of warkens back to our podcast

130
00:07:06,520 --> 00:07:09,040
Speaker 1: on the underground Railroad. So in some other ways you

131
00:07:09,080 --> 00:07:12,160
Speaker 1: could die besides this interesting witchcraft or whether you sink

132
00:07:12,280 --> 00:07:16,000
Speaker 1: or swim, was burning buried alive, which is my personal

133
00:07:16,080 --> 00:07:19,640
Speaker 1: favorite or least favorite, i should say, and also impalement.

134
00:07:20,400 --> 00:07:22,520
Speaker 1: So they were very creative when it came aways to die.

135
00:07:22,640 --> 00:07:24,440
Speaker 1: You say that with such relish, I feel like now

136
00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:27,320
Speaker 1: I have an ally in Maya my interest in medieval

137
00:07:27,360 --> 00:07:31,320
Speaker 1: formship Georgia. Um. Anyway, for all of you out there,

138
00:07:31,360 --> 00:07:34,160
Speaker 1: you think I'm I'm a strange bird. Um. The people

139
00:07:34,160 --> 00:07:37,880
Speaker 1: in ancient Babylon had a very specific idea of justice,

140
00:07:38,200 --> 00:07:41,240
Speaker 1: and it was rooted in a code called the lex talionis,

141
00:07:41,800 --> 00:07:47,200
Speaker 1: which is the law of retaliation or the law of retribution.

142
00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:50,040
Speaker 1: And surely you've all heard the expression and I for

143
00:07:50,160 --> 00:07:54,120
Speaker 1: an eye, and that's exactly what lex talionis was. It

144
00:07:54,200 --> 00:07:58,360
Speaker 1: was a form of justice based on the idea that

145
00:07:58,520 --> 00:08:02,160
Speaker 1: whatever wrongdoing you pay to your neighbor, your neighbor can

146
00:08:02,200 --> 00:08:05,720
Speaker 1: pay back to you. But an important difference under the

147
00:08:05,760 --> 00:08:08,640
Speaker 1: Code of Hammer Rabbi is that if you created some

148
00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:12,400
Speaker 1: sort of affront to your neighbor, your neighbor couldn't be

149
00:08:12,440 --> 00:08:14,720
Speaker 1: the one to turn around and pay you back for

150
00:08:14,760 --> 00:08:18,040
Speaker 1: that misdeed. It would have to come directly from the

151
00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:20,920
Speaker 1: state government. And that was to put an end to

152
00:08:21,040 --> 00:08:24,720
Speaker 1: a cycle of wrongdoing back and forth because it came

153
00:08:24,760 --> 00:08:28,600
Speaker 1: from a higher power, the sort of retribution. That's really interesting. Yeah,

154
00:08:28,600 --> 00:08:32,120
Speaker 1: And another thing that really intrigues historians, especially like as

155
00:08:32,120 --> 00:08:34,720
Speaker 1: soon as they found the quote of Farmer Robbie, was

156
00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:38,199
Speaker 1: that they had known the idea of lex talionis before

157
00:08:38,240 --> 00:08:41,960
Speaker 1: from from Mosaic law, you know, from Moses, and they thought, well,

158
00:08:42,120 --> 00:08:45,360
Speaker 1: you know, this outdates Moses by a couple of hundred years,

159
00:08:45,360 --> 00:08:48,280
Speaker 1: So that mean that Moses got these ideas from the

160
00:08:48,360 --> 00:08:51,320
Speaker 1: Code of Hammer Robbie or from Babylonia in general, and

161
00:08:51,360 --> 00:08:53,920
Speaker 1: that idea has sort of been um pushed aside for

162
00:08:53,960 --> 00:08:57,120
Speaker 1: the idea that they both have a common source among them.

163
00:08:57,720 --> 00:09:00,600
Speaker 1: Uh So it's interesting just to see the the differences

164
00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:03,600
Speaker 1: of similarities between the two different ways of handling. You know,

165
00:09:03,600 --> 00:09:05,320
Speaker 1: if someone plucks out your eye, what do you do

166
00:09:05,360 --> 00:09:09,480
Speaker 1: in response? One important difference, though, is that under the

167
00:09:09,520 --> 00:09:12,920
Speaker 1: coat of hammer Robbie, class actually made a difference. So,

168
00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:15,920
Speaker 1: for instance, if I were among the upper class in

169
00:09:16,040 --> 00:09:20,440
Speaker 1: ancient Babylonia called the Amalu, and Candice was a slave

170
00:09:20,559 --> 00:09:23,600
Speaker 1: in the wordy class, and I plucked out her eye,

171
00:09:23,640 --> 00:09:26,960
Speaker 1: shouldn't she couldn't necessarily have my eye plucked out as well.

172
00:09:27,160 --> 00:09:28,920
Speaker 1: But if it was the other way around, if Candice

173
00:09:28,920 --> 00:09:31,319
Speaker 1: plucked out my eye, uh, the thing, it would be

174
00:09:31,400 --> 00:09:34,400
Speaker 1: much much harsher on her as a punishment. So, just

175
00:09:34,440 --> 00:09:36,920
Speaker 1: to make sure I understand this, if I plucked out

176
00:09:36,960 --> 00:09:40,240
Speaker 1: your eye, I might face certain death. But if you

177
00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:42,840
Speaker 1: pluck my eye out, you might only owe me a

178
00:09:42,880 --> 00:09:46,320
Speaker 1: small monetary mountain compensation exactly, But I have to buy

179
00:09:46,320 --> 00:09:51,280
Speaker 1: a new eye exactly. But like if I if it

180
00:09:51,320 --> 00:09:53,480
Speaker 1: happened between people the same class, you would have that

181
00:09:53,559 --> 00:09:55,520
Speaker 1: eye for an eye thing business going on, whereas the

182
00:09:55,520 --> 00:09:59,480
Speaker 1: Moses Mosaic law didn't have that distinction. So that's one

183
00:09:59,760 --> 00:10:02,440
Speaker 1: big thing that that historians. It's a point that historians

184
00:10:02,440 --> 00:10:04,960
Speaker 1: want to make that it's very different. So I have

185
00:10:05,040 --> 00:10:06,800
Speaker 1: a couple of friends in law school, and I'm meant

186
00:10:06,800 --> 00:10:09,319
Speaker 1: to ask them about the kind of hamor Abbie over

187
00:10:09,320 --> 00:10:11,480
Speaker 1: the weekend, and I didn't get a chance because I

188
00:10:11,520 --> 00:10:14,319
Speaker 1: was busy watching the Academy Awards. But I'm wondering if

189
00:10:14,320 --> 00:10:16,360
Speaker 1: any of you out there are in law school or

190
00:10:16,400 --> 00:10:19,280
Speaker 1: any lawyers who might be fans of our podcast. Um,

191
00:10:19,280 --> 00:10:22,360
Speaker 1: I'm curious to know what you study about the code

192
00:10:22,400 --> 00:10:25,040
Speaker 1: of Hammurabie, if anything in law school. I mean, I'm

193
00:10:25,040 --> 00:10:26,560
Speaker 1: sure that there's a period of time in which you

194
00:10:26,600 --> 00:10:28,960
Speaker 1: look over laws of the ancient world and how they

195
00:10:29,040 --> 00:10:32,040
Speaker 1: might still be relevant today. And I I wonder if

196
00:10:32,040 --> 00:10:34,200
Speaker 1: this eye for an eye business is just sort of

197
00:10:34,200 --> 00:10:37,880
Speaker 1: a a clever phrase that people throw around, and if

198
00:10:37,920 --> 00:10:39,920
Speaker 1: that's all it's been reduced to, then I would like

199
00:10:39,960 --> 00:10:44,120
Speaker 1: to propose in its place another clever phrase which is

200
00:10:44,200 --> 00:10:46,120
Speaker 1: due into others as you would have done unto you,

201
00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:48,800
Speaker 1: Because I think the golden rule, and this instance at

202
00:10:48,840 --> 00:10:52,160
Speaker 1: least is pretty similar and much nicer, you know, turn

203
00:10:52,240 --> 00:10:54,160
Speaker 1: the other cheek thing. Yeah, I would like to not

204
00:10:54,240 --> 00:10:56,240
Speaker 1: have my eye plucked out, so I'm going to not

205
00:10:56,320 --> 00:10:59,959
Speaker 1: pluck Jain's out. It's still has a lot of real

206
00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:02,480
Speaker 1: events today, I mean, and just thinking of at the time,

207
00:11:02,559 --> 00:11:05,760
Speaker 1: it must have seemed very fair, you know. I mean,

208
00:11:06,320 --> 00:11:08,600
Speaker 1: if you look at it from just a cold point

209
00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:10,839
Speaker 1: of view, I mean that that's fair. I guess in

210
00:11:11,120 --> 00:11:13,439
Speaker 1: a weird way of looking at it. But I think

211
00:11:13,480 --> 00:11:16,320
Speaker 1: that the people of ancient Babylon were onto something. You

212
00:11:16,400 --> 00:11:20,359
Speaker 1: can't just have your neighbors, you know, sort of propagate

213
00:11:20,440 --> 00:11:23,319
Speaker 1: this this misdeed cycle to each other. There has to

214
00:11:23,360 --> 00:11:26,679
Speaker 1: be a higher level of government in place to put

215
00:11:26,720 --> 00:11:30,520
Speaker 1: an end, to deal out the final saying retribution. Otherwise

216
00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:33,880
Speaker 1: you've got a society that devolves into complete chaos. And

217
00:11:33,920 --> 00:11:36,679
Speaker 1: it's interesting that Hammarabbi himself found himself so just he

218
00:11:36,679 --> 00:11:40,280
Speaker 1: expresses and there's a prologue and epilogue on the stella

219
00:11:40,360 --> 00:11:42,880
Speaker 1: that that contains the code, and he expressed, like, oh,

220
00:11:42,920 --> 00:11:45,800
Speaker 1: I protect the oppressed from the oppressors. And it's interesting

221
00:11:45,800 --> 00:11:49,280
Speaker 1: that he still had these laws that they did distinguish

222
00:11:49,320 --> 00:11:52,360
Speaker 1: between the classes too. He was a pretty complex guy.

223
00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:55,440
Speaker 1: And if you want to learn more about Hammurabi and

224
00:11:55,640 --> 00:11:58,520
Speaker 1: his code and the peoples of ancient Babylon, be sure

225
00:11:58,559 --> 00:12:01,120
Speaker 1: to check out our website on how stuff works dot com.

226
00:12:01,120 --> 00:12:03,920
Speaker 1: That's right, and also be sure to check out a

227
00:12:03,960 --> 00:12:07,720
Speaker 1: blog that how stuff works dot com is launching pretty

228
00:12:07,720 --> 00:12:10,000
Speaker 1: soon and well. One of the blogs is a stuff

229
00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:12,840
Speaker 1: you Missed in History class blog written by Yours truly

230
00:12:12,880 --> 00:12:15,640
Speaker 1: and Candice. So our blog is another place where you

231
00:12:15,640 --> 00:12:18,560
Speaker 1: can contact us with your ideas and you can comment

232
00:12:18,640 --> 00:12:20,959
Speaker 1: on the entries that we post and in the m

233
00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:24,320
Speaker 1: trump be sure to keep sending us emails at history

234
00:12:24,400 --> 00:12:30,280
Speaker 1: podcast at how stuff works dot com. For more on

235
00:12:30,400 --> 00:12:32,880
Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics. Is that how stuff

236
00:12:32,880 --> 00:12:40,120
Speaker 1: works dot com