1 00:00:01,160 --> 00:00:11,319 Speaker 1: Welcome to stuff you should know, Friendhouse Stuff Works dot Com. Hey, 2 00:00:11,360 --> 00:00:13,680 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark and there's 3 00:00:13,760 --> 00:00:17,119 Speaker 1: Charles W Chuck Bryan. So this is stuff you should know. 4 00:00:17,880 --> 00:00:21,599 Speaker 1: That's right, unless I forget. Jerry's over there. She's over there. 5 00:00:21,720 --> 00:00:24,840 Speaker 1: You know, we went like five years, I went five 6 00:00:24,920 --> 00:00:28,000 Speaker 1: years of this podcast. Were just mentioning us once in 7 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:31,800 Speaker 1: a while, mentioning Jerry. But I mean, like, I can't 8 00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:35,720 Speaker 1: imagine the podcast without Jerry too. Now, after after five years, 9 00:00:35,720 --> 00:00:38,160 Speaker 1: finally I'm like, yeah, I guess she should stay young. 10 00:00:38,400 --> 00:00:41,280 Speaker 1: She's earned her place. Yeah, at least she keeps quiet. 11 00:00:41,600 --> 00:00:45,920 Speaker 1: That's right. How you doing, I'm great. How are you? 12 00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:50,520 Speaker 1: I'm good. Yeah, I'm like low key calm, I'm fine, 13 00:00:50,680 --> 00:00:53,000 Speaker 1: that's good. I'm a little smelly, which we talked about. 14 00:00:53,120 --> 00:00:55,560 Speaker 1: I know, but I'm talking about it, which makes the 15 00:00:55,600 --> 00:00:58,200 Speaker 1: smell worse. What is it? What is it about someone's 16 00:00:58,240 --> 00:01:02,680 Speaker 1: own special sweet tang of assent that they're drawn to, 17 00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:06,200 Speaker 1: like you're drawn to your own tang? Yeah? Man, everyone 18 00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:08,440 Speaker 1: I think like secretly smells their own shoe and their 19 00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:10,399 Speaker 1: own armpits when they get a little ripe. And maybe 20 00:01:10,480 --> 00:01:13,600 Speaker 1: we all deep down one to mate with ourselves. Maybe, 21 00:01:13,600 --> 00:01:16,880 Speaker 1: so that's not true because I'm disgusted with myself. Yeah, 22 00:01:16,920 --> 00:01:19,160 Speaker 1: but I see you looking at your armpit eye and 23 00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:22,280 Speaker 1: it like that. I know if you I do that thing. Yeah, 24 00:01:22,880 --> 00:01:26,840 Speaker 1: I've slipped out twice today just to smell them. There's 25 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:30,720 Speaker 1: a little on your nose. Uh So, Chuck, you're doing good. 26 00:01:30,760 --> 00:01:33,720 Speaker 1: I'm doing good. We'll just assume Jerry's doing good. Um, 27 00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:37,959 Speaker 1: and we're all doing good because we're fairly fit. You 28 00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:42,440 Speaker 1: know why we're fit because we're alive. We're evolving as 29 00:01:42,480 --> 00:01:46,520 Speaker 1: we speak. We are part of this huge, long, natural 30 00:01:46,720 --> 00:01:54,200 Speaker 1: procession of change forced by scarcity, competition, the ravages of nature, 31 00:01:54,880 --> 00:01:57,280 Speaker 1: and we as humans have climbed to the top of 32 00:01:57,320 --> 00:02:00,440 Speaker 1: the food pyramid of the evolutionary chain and said we 33 00:02:00,680 --> 00:02:05,240 Speaker 1: own this planet. That's why we're doing good today. It's 34 00:02:05,280 --> 00:02:10,120 Speaker 1: one of my most favorite notions evolution. Yeah, natural selection. 35 00:02:10,160 --> 00:02:12,480 Speaker 1: I think it's like one of the most beautiful things 36 00:02:13,639 --> 00:02:16,799 Speaker 1: that we've been able to figure out. Yeah, evolution gets 37 00:02:16,800 --> 00:02:19,760 Speaker 1: all the spotlight. I'm a big natural selection fan myself too, 38 00:02:20,200 --> 00:02:26,040 Speaker 1: you know, so divergent that stuff turns me on. That 39 00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:30,639 Speaker 1: and your smell intellectually. Uh So, let's let's talk about this. 40 00:02:30,840 --> 00:02:34,560 Speaker 1: You can't have evolution without natural selection again, even though 41 00:02:34,600 --> 00:02:37,839 Speaker 1: evolution gets all the spotlight, at the very least, there's 42 00:02:37,880 --> 00:02:43,080 Speaker 1: no evolution on Earth without natural selection, and the idea 43 00:02:43,240 --> 00:02:47,000 Speaker 1: of natural selection of evolution in general, the idea that 44 00:02:47,560 --> 00:02:51,920 Speaker 1: God didn't create everything exactly the way we see it now, 45 00:02:52,880 --> 00:02:58,280 Speaker 1: um is a fairly recent notion, despite how tremendously widespread 46 00:02:58,320 --> 00:03:01,800 Speaker 1: it is. You know Bill Nye, the science guy you're 47 00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:03,919 Speaker 1: talking about this debate, Yeah, he got in a debate 48 00:03:03,960 --> 00:03:07,160 Speaker 1: with Ken hamp just just totally off the cuff, not 49 00:03:07,200 --> 00:03:09,239 Speaker 1: planned at all. They just both happened to be in 50 00:03:09,280 --> 00:03:12,400 Speaker 1: the same auditorium. I watched the whole thing, did you 51 00:03:12,520 --> 00:03:15,520 Speaker 1: the whole two hours? I couldn't pull myself away from it. 52 00:03:15,680 --> 00:03:21,320 Speaker 1: So I'm guessing that you suspect Bill ni won the debate. Well, 53 00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:24,280 Speaker 1: I mean, are there winners and losers, So don't be shy. 54 00:03:24,320 --> 00:03:29,880 Speaker 1: There are, um there's there's a British uh religious website 55 00:03:30,440 --> 00:03:35,080 Speaker 1: that pulled it's um it's guests because you know, people 56 00:03:35,080 --> 00:03:38,680 Speaker 1: who go to websites are called guests. But in England 57 00:03:38,720 --> 00:03:42,760 Speaker 1: there and said who won? And um, I think ninety 58 00:03:42,960 --> 00:03:47,440 Speaker 1: two said Bill ny one and The reason why is 59 00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:51,400 Speaker 1: because in the comments section, it was revealed that most 60 00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:53,840 Speaker 1: of these people said, yeah, we believe in God, but 61 00:03:54,080 --> 00:03:58,800 Speaker 1: evolution is still real. And to deny evolution outright is 62 00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:01,720 Speaker 1: pretty silly. I think when you say things like dragons, 63 00:04:01,840 --> 00:04:04,480 Speaker 1: you might lose people. Did he say dragons that didn't 64 00:04:04,480 --> 00:04:07,280 Speaker 1: see it? Yeah, he mentioned dragons. Well, I mean that's 65 00:04:07,800 --> 00:04:10,800 Speaker 1: some people. And like you said, religion and science co 66 00:04:10,920 --> 00:04:14,160 Speaker 1: exists for a lot of religious folk. But um, there 67 00:04:14,160 --> 00:04:16,640 Speaker 1: are some that are very literal and strict and say 68 00:04:16,640 --> 00:04:18,400 Speaker 1: that you know, how to explain dinosaurs while they may 69 00:04:18,440 --> 00:04:23,360 Speaker 1: have been dragons, and I don't that that doesn't explain 70 00:04:23,400 --> 00:04:25,560 Speaker 1: anything that well, I think that just changes in the Bible. 71 00:04:26,680 --> 00:04:29,960 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, if if I'm getting this wrong and I 72 00:04:30,160 --> 00:04:34,960 Speaker 1: really get killed, we should pausitive for a second. Um, Like, 73 00:04:35,040 --> 00:04:37,320 Speaker 1: the point of this episode is not to stomp on 74 00:04:37,360 --> 00:04:40,520 Speaker 1: anybody's beliefs. No, I think science can be just as 75 00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:44,839 Speaker 1: dogmatic as religion. Um, so like that's not what we're 76 00:04:44,880 --> 00:04:48,600 Speaker 1: doing now. Like, if you believe in creationism, to each 77 00:04:48,600 --> 00:04:52,200 Speaker 1: his own, Like, we're not gonna pound our beliefs into 78 00:04:52,279 --> 00:04:54,800 Speaker 1: you or you know, vice versa. I've never understood that, 79 00:04:54,880 --> 00:04:59,640 Speaker 1: Like who cares just either way, you know, it's like 80 00:05:00,200 --> 00:05:02,560 Speaker 1: to my way of thinking, or else you are just 81 00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:07,039 Speaker 1: so wrong it's mind boggling. Um, well, that's not the 82 00:05:07,040 --> 00:05:09,000 Speaker 1: point of this. I think we should just c o 83 00:05:09,080 --> 00:05:11,160 Speaker 1: a with that, because that's not what we're like. There's 84 00:05:11,160 --> 00:05:13,040 Speaker 1: some people who don't always listen. Maybe this is their 85 00:05:13,080 --> 00:05:17,200 Speaker 1: first episode. Welcome. Uh, we are not those kind of guys, know, 86 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:21,000 Speaker 1: And specifically with this episode, it's on Charles Darwin the 87 00:05:21,040 --> 00:05:24,279 Speaker 1: man and kind of what made him who he was not? 88 00:05:24,440 --> 00:05:27,440 Speaker 1: And we'll tackle are we committing to go ahead and 89 00:05:27,440 --> 00:05:30,760 Speaker 1: doing natural selection? As a matter of fact, we'll have 90 00:05:30,800 --> 00:05:32,760 Speaker 1: this one come out on a Tuesday. We'll do natural 91 00:05:32,760 --> 00:05:35,719 Speaker 1: selection on a Thursday. Look at that? All right? I agree, 92 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:41,000 Speaker 1: let's do it. Let there be like, but h Darwin 93 00:05:41,080 --> 00:05:45,400 Speaker 1: is a fascinating dude though, Yeah, yeah, because you can't 94 00:05:45,440 --> 00:05:49,159 Speaker 1: really overstate the idea that he was. As Robert lam 95 00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:51,440 Speaker 1: puts in his fine article, I have to say one 96 00:05:51,480 --> 00:05:56,960 Speaker 1: of his best um that Charles Darwin was the fulcrum 97 00:05:56,960 --> 00:06:01,440 Speaker 1: by which or on which the entire he change from 98 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:05,279 Speaker 1: a religious worldview to a scientific worldview took place. It 99 00:06:05,360 --> 00:06:08,640 Speaker 1: was on this man's shoulders, even though oddly enough. He 100 00:06:08,720 --> 00:06:11,720 Speaker 1: wasn't the only person to come up with natural selection now, 101 00:06:12,040 --> 00:06:14,120 Speaker 1: and we'll get to that. He wasn't the first or 102 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:17,440 Speaker 1: the last. Uh. But it turns out he was the 103 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:21,720 Speaker 1: most thorough in his research right and had the most 104 00:06:21,720 --> 00:06:26,320 Speaker 1: social breeding and in breeding. Yeah. Man, this is the 105 00:06:26,400 --> 00:06:29,120 Speaker 1: ultimate tease. It is. So let's get started, Chuck. Let's 106 00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:32,080 Speaker 1: talk about Darwin He Um didn't He wasn't born with 107 00:06:32,160 --> 00:06:35,480 Speaker 1: a Bunsen burner in a flask in his hand. No, 108 00:06:35,680 --> 00:06:39,640 Speaker 1: he was not. Uh. He was born, if anything, with 109 00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:44,080 Speaker 1: a stethoscope in his hand. Because his father, doctor Robert 110 00:06:44,120 --> 00:06:49,480 Speaker 1: Wearing Darwin Um, had designs on little Chuck being a 111 00:06:49,560 --> 00:06:52,800 Speaker 1: doctor like him, because he was you know, they had 112 00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:55,359 Speaker 1: some dough that he was an English gentleman. They weren't 113 00:06:55,400 --> 00:06:58,880 Speaker 1: poor by any means. No. Apparently his grandfather a massive, 114 00:06:58,920 --> 00:07:02,120 Speaker 1: vast fortune in China, and not the country, but the 115 00:07:02,200 --> 00:07:06,280 Speaker 1: porcelain interesting, So would be incorrect to say he had 116 00:07:06,279 --> 00:07:10,480 Speaker 1: a Chinese fortune. He had a China fortune, okay, Uh. 117 00:07:10,560 --> 00:07:13,640 Speaker 1: But little Chuck was not into anatomy. He was definitely 118 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:18,040 Speaker 1: not into surgery on humans. It freaked him out. I 119 00:07:18,080 --> 00:07:21,640 Speaker 1: think he was a little queasy as a person. It 120 00:07:21,680 --> 00:07:24,320 Speaker 1: seems like, yeah, but he was. He was way into 121 00:07:24,360 --> 00:07:29,880 Speaker 1: the natural sciences and was just fine with dissecting a frog. Yeah. 122 00:07:29,920 --> 00:07:31,880 Speaker 1: You know, he was cool with biology. As long as 123 00:07:31,880 --> 00:07:35,040 Speaker 1: you weren't human, he'd cut you, that's right. Uh. So 124 00:07:35,120 --> 00:07:38,240 Speaker 1: he was sent to several schools um first when he 125 00:07:38,360 --> 00:07:41,600 Speaker 1: was going to be a doctor, to the Anglican Shrewsbury School, 126 00:07:41,920 --> 00:07:44,960 Speaker 1: then to Edinburgh University, and finally his dad was like, 127 00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:46,320 Speaker 1: all right, you don't want to be a doctor or 128 00:07:46,320 --> 00:07:48,400 Speaker 1: so the only other option for you is to be 129 00:07:49,200 --> 00:07:52,120 Speaker 1: a man of religion parson in the country. Yeah, so 130 00:07:52,120 --> 00:07:54,680 Speaker 1: I'm gonna send you to christ College in Cambridge, which 131 00:07:54,720 --> 00:07:56,880 Speaker 1: is I mean, if you're gonna go be a country parson, 132 00:07:57,480 --> 00:07:59,760 Speaker 1: you could do a lot worse. I agreed. You know, 133 00:08:00,200 --> 00:08:07,200 Speaker 1: the fighting padres is over there, padres um. So he 134 00:08:07,400 --> 00:08:11,360 Speaker 1: was very well educated, uh and had been exposed to 135 00:08:11,600 --> 00:08:13,280 Speaker 1: all kinds of science, so he was. He was a 136 00:08:13,360 --> 00:08:17,040 Speaker 1: very smart guy from early on, um, and way into 137 00:08:17,120 --> 00:08:20,880 Speaker 1: natural science, like I said, but not into the religion 138 00:08:20,920 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 1: thing as much. He was agnostic from a pretty early age, right, 139 00:08:24,680 --> 00:08:27,920 Speaker 1: and he seemed like he was going to follow the 140 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:30,120 Speaker 1: path that his father was laying out for him. I 141 00:08:30,120 --> 00:08:34,640 Speaker 1: guess he was very domineering and Charles Darwin was a 142 00:08:34,720 --> 00:08:38,120 Speaker 1: pretty great thinker, pretty all around good guy. But he 143 00:08:38,240 --> 00:08:41,120 Speaker 1: also was a bit of a pantywaist. It seems like, 144 00:08:41,760 --> 00:08:46,640 Speaker 1: you know, he was like really really affected by stress. Yeah. Sight, 145 00:08:46,720 --> 00:08:49,959 Speaker 1: he had a lot of psycho somatic symptoms from stress 146 00:08:50,800 --> 00:08:54,400 Speaker 1: pretty much throughout his whole life. Despite that, though, he 147 00:08:55,480 --> 00:08:58,440 Speaker 1: took a very brave course in life. And it started 148 00:08:58,440 --> 00:09:01,080 Speaker 1: when he was twenty one and he was on his 149 00:09:01,160 --> 00:09:03,640 Speaker 1: way to becoming that country parson that his father had 150 00:09:04,080 --> 00:09:07,160 Speaker 1: decided he would be. And he got an invitation to 151 00:09:07,240 --> 00:09:10,840 Speaker 1: go on a tour of the islands off South America 152 00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:14,520 Speaker 1: UM from a guy named Robert Fitzroy who was twenty 153 00:09:14,600 --> 00:09:18,640 Speaker 1: six years old. He was an aristocrat and he liked Darwin. 154 00:09:18,840 --> 00:09:22,640 Speaker 1: He said, hey, you're good at conversations. When I get bored, 155 00:09:22,880 --> 00:09:25,560 Speaker 1: I suffer about to depression. I'm about to go on 156 00:09:25,600 --> 00:09:28,320 Speaker 1: this boat called the h MS Beagle for god knows 157 00:09:28,360 --> 00:09:31,199 Speaker 1: how long, So why don't you come along and uh, 158 00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:34,000 Speaker 1: we can chat and I won't get depressed. And Darwin said, 159 00:09:34,040 --> 00:09:37,640 Speaker 1: you know what, let's do this. That's right, which is 160 00:09:37,640 --> 00:09:39,960 Speaker 1: a that's a pretty bold move. Yeah, he's he was 161 00:09:40,600 --> 00:09:43,840 Speaker 1: for someone who was would you say, pennyways, Yeah, Pennyways. 162 00:09:43,880 --> 00:09:45,400 Speaker 1: It's sort of surprising that he was up for that 163 00:09:45,440 --> 00:09:49,520 Speaker 1: kind of adventure. Yes, a milk toast. You could also 164 00:09:49,559 --> 00:09:53,360 Speaker 1: call him a milk toast. Maybe call him that. All right? Uh, 165 00:09:53,400 --> 00:09:56,960 Speaker 1: so this was one He boarded the HMS Beagle, which 166 00:09:57,000 --> 00:09:59,240 Speaker 1: I for some reason just cracks me up. You know, 167 00:09:59,360 --> 00:10:02,280 Speaker 1: our buddy go from forward thinking just adopted a dog 168 00:10:03,040 --> 00:10:06,960 Speaker 1: part beagle, and his name is Darwin. Huh because of 169 00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:10,680 Speaker 1: that association, I would imagine, And Joe said, he looks 170 00:10:10,679 --> 00:10:16,520 Speaker 1: like Darwin head on ibrow. That's funny. Um. All right, 171 00:10:16,520 --> 00:10:18,800 Speaker 1: so he board at the HMS Beagle. What did you say? 172 00:10:18,800 --> 00:10:21,920 Speaker 1: How old was he? Twenty one? And they took a 173 00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:25,080 Speaker 1: five year voyage around South America. Um. The purpose for 174 00:10:25,120 --> 00:10:28,480 Speaker 1: fitz Roy was to chart the waters of South America 175 00:10:28,520 --> 00:10:30,960 Speaker 1: and the coastlines and that kind of thing. But Chuck 176 00:10:31,200 --> 00:10:35,520 Speaker 1: was like, I'm into natural stuff and species that I 177 00:10:35,559 --> 00:10:39,360 Speaker 1: don't know, So what better thing to do than spend 178 00:10:39,920 --> 00:10:42,000 Speaker 1: like most of my time not on the boat but 179 00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:44,920 Speaker 1: on land just researching stuff. I'm sure he got pretty 180 00:10:44,920 --> 00:10:49,040 Speaker 1: good at rowing from the ship too short back and forth. Yeah, 181 00:10:49,160 --> 00:10:54,040 Speaker 1: he's basically Paul Bettany's character and master and commander Well, 182 00:10:54,080 --> 00:10:56,839 Speaker 1: which is ironic because Paul Bettany played Charles Darwin. Did 183 00:10:56,920 --> 00:11:00,520 Speaker 1: he really in that movie Creation? Oh yeah, I never 184 00:11:00,520 --> 00:11:02,400 Speaker 1: saw that, but I know what you're talking about. That's funny. 185 00:11:02,400 --> 00:11:04,480 Speaker 1: You had no idea. Huh. No, he stepped right into 186 00:11:04,480 --> 00:11:07,480 Speaker 1: that one. I wonder if he recognized that. I don't know. 187 00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:09,880 Speaker 1: It's a good movie, that Creation. You should check it out. 188 00:11:09,880 --> 00:11:12,920 Speaker 1: It's um details a lot of the struggles of his 189 00:11:12,960 --> 00:11:14,800 Speaker 1: life that we're gonna go over here, and mainly is 190 00:11:14,800 --> 00:11:19,120 Speaker 1: about his uh anxieties of what he was doing in 191 00:11:19,160 --> 00:11:22,560 Speaker 1: his relationship to his Christian wife. Oh yeah, I'll bet 192 00:11:22,559 --> 00:11:25,000 Speaker 1: that was kind of a sore spot big time. We'll 193 00:11:25,040 --> 00:11:27,440 Speaker 1: get to that though in a second. So okay, So 194 00:11:27,480 --> 00:11:30,800 Speaker 1: they head off to South America. There he's spending two 195 00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:33,000 Speaker 1: thirds of the voyage. Of this five year voyage, he 196 00:11:33,080 --> 00:11:36,120 Speaker 1: spends on land. Uh. One of the most famous places 197 00:11:36,120 --> 00:11:39,440 Speaker 1: he visited was the Galapa Ghost which are still around. Yeah, 198 00:11:39,440 --> 00:11:42,560 Speaker 1: and that apparently was really overstated. He was only, uh, 199 00:11:42,640 --> 00:11:44,920 Speaker 1: what is still around? Is that a joke? The Galapa 200 00:11:44,920 --> 00:11:49,040 Speaker 1: Ghost They're still around? Okay. I thought I was missing 201 00:11:49,040 --> 00:11:51,200 Speaker 1: on something because you looked at me like you're missing 202 00:11:51,240 --> 00:11:55,640 Speaker 1: a joke. That's this look Okay, um what was that one? 203 00:11:55,679 --> 00:12:00,600 Speaker 1: As you smell that was my either water. So the 204 00:12:00,640 --> 00:12:05,119 Speaker 1: Glapaos apparently it was a little overstated it's significance wise. Um, 205 00:12:05,160 --> 00:12:06,960 Speaker 1: he was only there for about five weeks out of 206 00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:11,520 Speaker 1: the five years, and historians think it's been overstated because 207 00:12:11,600 --> 00:12:14,400 Speaker 1: it was so exotic and people wanted to point to 208 00:12:14,520 --> 00:12:18,520 Speaker 1: some like kind of fantastical birthplace of all these ideas 209 00:12:19,280 --> 00:12:23,120 Speaker 1: I mean stuck, yeah, I mean for sure, and he 210 00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:27,239 Speaker 1: you know, collected all kinds of different specimens from the Glapicos, 211 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:29,040 Speaker 1: but it wasn't as big a deal. Have you ever 212 00:12:29,080 --> 00:12:31,480 Speaker 1: seen the size of the turtles there or the tortoises? 213 00:12:31,559 --> 00:12:34,600 Speaker 1: Are the huge, dude, They're like the size of VW. Beatles. 214 00:12:35,160 --> 00:12:39,720 Speaker 1: They're enormous and apparently like they'll hang out with you. 215 00:12:41,160 --> 00:12:44,720 Speaker 1: What else are they gonna do? Run away slowly? Okay? Yeah, 216 00:12:44,800 --> 00:12:47,560 Speaker 1: they have no choice, they have agency. They could be 217 00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:49,600 Speaker 1: like I don't want to be here around you, I'm 218 00:12:49,600 --> 00:12:51,960 Speaker 1: gonna go this way. They just it wouldn't work very 219 00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:55,520 Speaker 1: well or very quickly. Yeah. Okay, so where are we? Man? 220 00:12:55,960 --> 00:13:00,240 Speaker 1: We are? I was just poopooing the Galapagos. Yeah. Um, 221 00:13:00,280 --> 00:13:02,320 Speaker 1: but what he did while he was gone was he 222 00:13:02,920 --> 00:13:04,840 Speaker 1: did a lot of great work and made a real 223 00:13:04,960 --> 00:13:08,040 Speaker 1: name for himself and kind of came back a well 224 00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:11,000 Speaker 1: known scientist. Scientists because the whole time he's making all 225 00:13:11,040 --> 00:13:14,120 Speaker 1: these findings, he's finding new species of animals that like 226 00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:18,719 Speaker 1: Europeans didn't even know existed, like entire types of animals. Um, 227 00:13:18,720 --> 00:13:21,559 Speaker 1: he's sending back specimens, which means he killed a lot 228 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:24,480 Speaker 1: of animals while he was on these islands, mailed them 229 00:13:24,480 --> 00:13:27,320 Speaker 1: back to Europe, mailed back some of his findings. He's 230 00:13:27,320 --> 00:13:31,560 Speaker 1: basically writing papers as he's doing this, this journey, so 231 00:13:32,559 --> 00:13:38,320 Speaker 1: back in the jolly old England there um basically becomes 232 00:13:38,320 --> 00:13:41,400 Speaker 1: his celebrity. Yeah. And he was, you know, like before 233 00:13:41,440 --> 00:13:44,320 Speaker 1: he even returned. Yeah, he was looking at he had 234 00:13:44,360 --> 00:13:46,920 Speaker 1: the idea of natural selection, but it was, like we said, 235 00:13:47,160 --> 00:13:49,200 Speaker 1: it was already out there. It was known as the 236 00:13:49,240 --> 00:13:53,960 Speaker 1: mystery of Mysteries or transmutation. And he called his his 237 00:13:54,080 --> 00:13:58,960 Speaker 1: research at first the Transmutation Notebooks, so that yeah, he 238 00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:00,920 Speaker 1: wasn't you know, his reach searching stuff that he had 239 00:14:00,960 --> 00:14:03,760 Speaker 1: heard about. It was a working title. What was the 240 00:14:03,760 --> 00:14:07,520 Speaker 1: working title actually? Um, what would later become on the 241 00:14:07,520 --> 00:14:10,559 Speaker 1: origin of the species of course. Yeah, and uh, he 242 00:14:10,760 --> 00:14:12,520 Speaker 1: and another guy will talk about a little bit. We're 243 00:14:12,559 --> 00:14:16,760 Speaker 1: also UM inspired. Both were inspired by Thomas Malthus, who 244 00:14:16,760 --> 00:14:18,560 Speaker 1: we've talked about, who came up with the idea of 245 00:14:18,559 --> 00:14:23,440 Speaker 1: carrying capacity and basically introduced the idea that scarcity and 246 00:14:23,520 --> 00:14:28,760 Speaker 1: competition forces adaptation and change. And then uh, Darwin and 247 00:14:28,840 --> 00:14:33,800 Speaker 1: the guy Um, Alfred Wallace Russell or Alfred Russell Wallace 248 00:14:34,360 --> 00:14:37,680 Speaker 1: UM both read this and said, well, wait, man, I 249 00:14:37,680 --> 00:14:42,000 Speaker 1: wonder if that adaptation and change that's forced by scarcity 250 00:14:42,520 --> 00:14:47,120 Speaker 1: is what creates the change and species that we're seeing here. Yeah, 251 00:14:47,160 --> 00:14:49,960 Speaker 1: that was definitely UM. The book was called Essay on 252 00:14:50,200 --> 00:14:53,800 Speaker 1: Principle of Population and that was like a super game 253 00:14:53,880 --> 00:14:56,720 Speaker 1: changer because it really gave him, like the the notion 254 00:14:56,800 --> 00:15:00,240 Speaker 1: that by studying our any species death, you can kind 255 00:15:00,240 --> 00:15:03,400 Speaker 1: of study its life. Yeah. And it wasn't it wasn't 256 00:15:03,440 --> 00:15:06,880 Speaker 1: just biology that it gave rise to. It gave rise 257 00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:13,720 Speaker 1: to um economics, largely, a lot of anthropology, a lot 258 00:15:13,720 --> 00:15:17,280 Speaker 1: of ecology. Like it was, like you say, a game changer. 259 00:15:18,280 --> 00:15:22,120 Speaker 1: Thomas Malthis go back and listen to our population podcast. 260 00:15:22,280 --> 00:15:25,120 Speaker 1: Is that where he appears I think he appears a 261 00:15:25,120 --> 00:15:27,160 Speaker 1: few times, but that was a good one. Yeah, it's 262 00:15:27,160 --> 00:15:30,160 Speaker 1: an oldie, but a goodie. Um. So, like we said, 263 00:15:30,160 --> 00:15:33,040 Speaker 1: he came back sort of a celebrity of sorts, and 264 00:15:33,120 --> 00:15:35,880 Speaker 1: he came back with a lot of information, uh, and 265 00:15:35,960 --> 00:15:41,120 Speaker 1: settled in at the down House in Kent, and this 266 00:15:41,160 --> 00:15:45,440 Speaker 1: place was He spent the next forty years there studying 267 00:15:45,560 --> 00:15:48,520 Speaker 1: his property essentially, like he didn't need to go anywhere. 268 00:15:48,520 --> 00:15:51,480 Speaker 1: He had plenty of nature there. Apparently there were forty 269 00:15:51,520 --> 00:15:56,280 Speaker 1: different species per square meter on his property. Uh. He 270 00:15:56,320 --> 00:15:58,560 Speaker 1: had ten kids and he used them as sort of 271 00:15:58,560 --> 00:16:03,040 Speaker 1: a a little laboratory experiment because three of them died 272 00:16:03,120 --> 00:16:06,840 Speaker 1: and he was fascinated with why things and people survive 273 00:16:06,920 --> 00:16:09,520 Speaker 1: and some don't. So it was all sort of part 274 00:16:09,560 --> 00:16:12,640 Speaker 1: of his Uh. It was just everything was part of 275 00:16:12,680 --> 00:16:16,640 Speaker 1: his laboratory. Essentially. He had people sending him samples from 276 00:16:16,680 --> 00:16:18,920 Speaker 1: all over the world, and there are some theories that 277 00:16:19,800 --> 00:16:22,520 Speaker 1: if the postal service hadn't have been so good, he 278 00:16:22,560 --> 00:16:25,960 Speaker 1: may have never been able to write the origin of 279 00:16:25,960 --> 00:16:29,360 Speaker 1: the species because he relied on people sending him stuff 280 00:16:29,440 --> 00:16:32,520 Speaker 1: in due time. Oh yeah, and also he was really 281 00:16:32,520 --> 00:16:37,280 Speaker 1: big on corresponding, which kind of helped develop his UM, 282 00:16:37,320 --> 00:16:40,920 Speaker 1: his ideas, flesh him out even further. Was he was 283 00:16:41,080 --> 00:16:43,960 Speaker 1: huge on correspondence. Yeah. He had a UM area on 284 00:16:44,040 --> 00:16:46,240 Speaker 1: his property called the Sandwalk that he had built. It 285 00:16:46,280 --> 00:16:50,320 Speaker 1: was basically just a loop path through the woods and 286 00:16:50,400 --> 00:16:54,280 Speaker 1: he would just spend like countless hours just walking this 287 00:16:54,440 --> 00:17:01,600 Speaker 1: path and thinking and looking at everything everything right, nothing design. 288 00:17:01,720 --> 00:17:05,080 Speaker 1: One of his favorite UM subjects was earthworms. Remember our 289 00:17:05,119 --> 00:17:08,440 Speaker 1: Earthworm podcast. There was a quote from him in there 290 00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:13,320 Speaker 1: UM where he said, it may be doubted whether there 291 00:17:13,320 --> 00:17:16,000 Speaker 1: are many other animals which have played so important a 292 00:17:16,080 --> 00:17:18,280 Speaker 1: part in the history of the world as these lowly 293 00:17:18,440 --> 00:17:22,600 Speaker 1: organized creatures. So he was down with earthworms, downs and 294 00:17:22,760 --> 00:17:25,879 Speaker 1: orchids very famously too. Yeah, he was. He was active. 295 00:17:25,920 --> 00:17:27,840 Speaker 1: He wasn't just looking at things. He raised orchids. He 296 00:17:27,880 --> 00:17:30,840 Speaker 1: was a beekeeper, he raised pigeons and like it was 297 00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:33,480 Speaker 1: all just in the name of study. Right. One of 298 00:17:33,520 --> 00:17:37,320 Speaker 1: the things though, we um He married his first cousin, 299 00:17:37,680 --> 00:17:42,560 Speaker 1: his wife um and at the time they didn't really 300 00:17:42,560 --> 00:17:46,399 Speaker 1: know much about the troubles with inbreeding, and he was 301 00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:49,000 Speaker 1: one of the people who discovered the troubles with inbreeding, 302 00:17:49,119 --> 00:17:51,360 Speaker 1: and it apparently had a really big effect on him. 303 00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:55,600 Speaker 1: Like he felt kind of guilty and weird and wondered 304 00:17:55,640 --> 00:18:01,520 Speaker 1: if maybe his kids early deaths had to do with that. Yeah, um, 305 00:18:01,880 --> 00:18:04,320 Speaker 1: which has to be kind of startling if you're the 306 00:18:04,320 --> 00:18:09,040 Speaker 1: guy who discovers the problems with inbreeding and you've inbred, 307 00:18:09,960 --> 00:18:13,400 Speaker 1: you know, Yeah, it's gotta be a little jarring. Sure. Uh. 308 00:18:13,480 --> 00:18:17,720 Speaker 1: Emma Wedgewood was his wife's maiden name, And one thing 309 00:18:17,760 --> 00:18:20,160 Speaker 1: that happened when he married her was he got more 310 00:18:20,200 --> 00:18:23,280 Speaker 1: money because she was also in the family fortune. So 311 00:18:23,320 --> 00:18:25,880 Speaker 1: they were set up pretty nicely. Uh. And like I said, 312 00:18:25,880 --> 00:18:29,840 Speaker 1: she was Christian and she was amazing though, like the 313 00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:33,520 Speaker 1: Creation movie really like it's a great love story. Despite 314 00:18:33,560 --> 00:18:35,840 Speaker 1: the fact that they had he was Agnostic and she 315 00:18:35,920 --> 00:18:39,440 Speaker 1: was Christian. She spent her life caring for him because 316 00:18:39,440 --> 00:18:43,200 Speaker 1: he was a very sickly man. Um may have had 317 00:18:43,240 --> 00:18:46,720 Speaker 1: some sort of viral diseases entire life, maybe that he 318 00:18:46,720 --> 00:18:50,600 Speaker 1: picked up in South America. Now he was a pennywaise 319 00:18:50,640 --> 00:18:55,240 Speaker 1: on top of that, so he was just fraught with anxiety. Uh. 320 00:18:55,320 --> 00:18:57,600 Speaker 1: And she cared for him and all the kids, and 321 00:18:57,920 --> 00:18:59,800 Speaker 1: her life's worry was are we going to spend it 322 00:18:59,840 --> 00:19:02,920 Speaker 1: turn nity together in the afterlife? Yeah, that was her 323 00:19:02,920 --> 00:19:06,240 Speaker 1: big concern, Yeah, which is he didn't buy that stuff. No, 324 00:19:06,560 --> 00:19:09,800 Speaker 1: he and he was you know, religious ish when he 325 00:19:09,840 --> 00:19:13,800 Speaker 1: was younger, but as he grew older and no, the 326 00:19:13,880 --> 00:19:18,240 Speaker 1: more he exposed himself to these ideas of evolution and 327 00:19:18,320 --> 00:19:23,000 Speaker 1: natural selection, the less religious, the less he bought into it. Um. 328 00:19:23,080 --> 00:19:26,639 Speaker 1: And it's funny that that divide first occurred in him 329 00:19:26,720 --> 00:19:28,800 Speaker 1: and then it just kind of grew out from him 330 00:19:28,880 --> 00:19:33,359 Speaker 1: to create this divide throughout the world. He was the 331 00:19:33,359 --> 00:19:36,359 Speaker 1: epicenter of that divide. It first, if that crack in 332 00:19:36,400 --> 00:19:41,240 Speaker 1: the world first appeared in him. Yeah, isn't that interesting? Yeah, 333 00:19:41,320 --> 00:19:44,600 Speaker 1: for sure. Um, he's the one to blame pretty much. 334 00:19:44,920 --> 00:19:48,000 Speaker 1: Or he was a patient zero, one of the two. Um. 335 00:19:48,119 --> 00:19:51,480 Speaker 1: So he he comes back to down House, he gets married, 336 00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:57,280 Speaker 1: settles down doubles his fortune by marrying Emma. Um and 337 00:19:57,280 --> 00:20:01,080 Speaker 1: and his experimenting with orchids, earthworms. F he's his kids, 338 00:20:01,320 --> 00:20:04,520 Speaker 1: all this stuff. Um. And he's also at the same 339 00:20:04,560 --> 00:20:09,440 Speaker 1: time writing he's expanding that notebook into what he's calling 340 00:20:09,560 --> 00:20:14,199 Speaker 1: a natural selection another working title. And um, he is 341 00:20:14,280 --> 00:20:16,840 Speaker 1: taking his sweet time with it. One of the reasons 342 00:20:16,840 --> 00:20:20,240 Speaker 1: he's taking his sweet time with this is one he 343 00:20:20,480 --> 00:20:23,479 Speaker 1: is being very diligent. He's making sure he's crossing all 344 00:20:23,520 --> 00:20:25,320 Speaker 1: of his teams, dotting his eyes, making sure he's not 345 00:20:25,359 --> 00:20:28,640 Speaker 1: looking at it wrong, making sure he's backing up everything. 346 00:20:29,520 --> 00:20:33,359 Speaker 1: And the second connected reason to that first one is 347 00:20:33,359 --> 00:20:39,000 Speaker 1: that he is really not looking forward to the storm 348 00:20:39,040 --> 00:20:41,679 Speaker 1: that this is going to create when he unleashes it 349 00:20:41,720 --> 00:20:43,760 Speaker 1: on the public. He was well aware of it from 350 00:20:43,760 --> 00:20:46,360 Speaker 1: the beginning, because there's a couple of things that are 351 00:20:46,359 --> 00:20:50,320 Speaker 1: inherent in the theory of natural selection. I'm going to 352 00:20:50,359 --> 00:20:54,000 Speaker 1: add a third reason, my friend, if you're studying natural selection, 353 00:20:54,040 --> 00:20:58,359 Speaker 1: evolution takes a long time, well, yeah, you can't study 354 00:20:58,440 --> 00:21:01,000 Speaker 1: something for a week and detect change is And like 355 00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:04,520 Speaker 1: you said, he was thorough because he lived his life, uh, 356 00:21:04,760 --> 00:21:08,640 Speaker 1: basically an anxiety of not being accepted by these peers 357 00:21:09,600 --> 00:21:11,080 Speaker 1: and like these are people, these are friends of his. 358 00:21:11,520 --> 00:21:14,760 Speaker 1: So his procrastination is definitely fear driven by his peers 359 00:21:14,800 --> 00:21:17,200 Speaker 1: and by society at large, and by the fact that 360 00:21:17,280 --> 00:21:19,960 Speaker 1: it just takes a long time to study something like this. Right. 361 00:21:20,080 --> 00:21:23,240 Speaker 1: For instance, he left a area of his lawn unmode 362 00:21:23,280 --> 00:21:27,639 Speaker 1: for twenty years just to study what would happen and 363 00:21:27,680 --> 00:21:34,600 Speaker 1: out of that sounds like an excuse exactly, but out 364 00:21:34,600 --> 00:21:38,000 Speaker 1: of like the twenty different species he studied, eleven survived 365 00:21:38,040 --> 00:21:41,520 Speaker 1: and nine died away. So boom, natural selection right there, 366 00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:43,480 Speaker 1: just in a portion of his lawn. Okay, but it 367 00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:45,600 Speaker 1: took twenty years, is the point. Okay. So the time 368 00:21:46,000 --> 00:21:47,919 Speaker 1: fear of his peers, fear of the public, and he 369 00:21:47,960 --> 00:21:52,280 Speaker 1: had good reason to fear um or be anxious, because 370 00:21:53,359 --> 00:21:55,560 Speaker 1: the world was a much different place than it is now, 371 00:21:56,240 --> 00:21:58,320 Speaker 1: and he was well aware that what he was about 372 00:21:58,320 --> 00:22:01,920 Speaker 1: to unleash on society was going to create some big 373 00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:05,040 Speaker 1: changes in some big problems. And uh, we'll get into 374 00:22:05,040 --> 00:22:11,919 Speaker 1: that right after this message. So chuck, um, we're talking 375 00:22:11,920 --> 00:22:16,200 Speaker 1: about Darwin. He's at his house down house. Um, he's 376 00:22:16,240 --> 00:22:18,880 Speaker 1: working on his manuscript. He's kind of procrastinating a little bit, 377 00:22:18,960 --> 00:22:22,360 Speaker 1: and because it takes time to um, but he knows 378 00:22:22,440 --> 00:22:27,680 Speaker 1: that he's about to unleash this complete change in paradigm, 379 00:22:27,720 --> 00:22:32,880 Speaker 1: a poop storm, onto the world exactly. And Um, it's 380 00:22:32,960 --> 00:22:36,879 Speaker 1: because the world was a much different place than it 381 00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:42,040 Speaker 1: is today. Because Darwin hadn't talked about natural selection yet. Yeah, 382 00:22:42,040 --> 00:22:47,080 Speaker 1: I mean, religion, religious biology was biology. They didn't call 383 00:22:47,119 --> 00:22:49,840 Speaker 1: it religious biology, that was just biology. Yeah. So he 384 00:22:49,920 --> 00:22:52,679 Speaker 1: was the first one to secularize it and make it 385 00:22:52,720 --> 00:22:58,080 Speaker 1: just about the science. Um. Yeah, because before scientists thought like, well, 386 00:22:58,400 --> 00:23:02,439 Speaker 1: God created this and that is our starting point. Like 387 00:23:02,560 --> 00:23:06,399 Speaker 1: everything else, every other scientific explanation we have has to 388 00:23:06,440 --> 00:23:10,520 Speaker 1: trace back to creation, which is kind of It can 389 00:23:10,560 --> 00:23:14,199 Speaker 1: make science a little easier, um, but at the very 390 00:23:14,240 --> 00:23:19,040 Speaker 1: at the same time, it leaves you open to a 391 00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:22,280 Speaker 1: huge problem when somebody comes along and can fill in 392 00:23:22,280 --> 00:23:25,919 Speaker 1: all these other gaps through a completely different explanation that 393 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:28,560 Speaker 1: doesn't use creationism. And that's what Darn was doing with 394 00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:32,000 Speaker 1: natural selection. Yeah, I'm gonna go ahead and at a 395 00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:35,320 Speaker 1: fourth thing. Man, you just keep them coming. Uh. There 396 00:23:35,320 --> 00:23:37,400 Speaker 1: were two texts that were vital, and we talked about 397 00:23:37,440 --> 00:23:40,760 Speaker 1: one of them, the mouths uh principle of population. In 398 00:23:41,680 --> 00:23:44,639 Speaker 1: four there was a book written called The Vestiges of 399 00:23:44,640 --> 00:23:48,280 Speaker 1: the Natural History of Creation and it was published anonymously 400 00:23:48,680 --> 00:23:50,240 Speaker 1: for forty years. No one kne who wrote it because 401 00:23:50,280 --> 00:23:52,879 Speaker 1: no one wanted to put their name on it. Like 402 00:23:52,920 --> 00:23:57,280 Speaker 1: that's how radical it was. And it was slammed like 403 00:23:57,359 --> 00:24:00,560 Speaker 1: it was hugely popular. It was like a phenomenon, like 404 00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:04,879 Speaker 1: everybody read it and everybody slammed it. And uh, it 405 00:24:05,040 --> 00:24:07,119 Speaker 1: came out later it was a guy named Robert Chambers. 406 00:24:07,160 --> 00:24:11,320 Speaker 1: He was a Scottish journalist. But what Darwit scared the 407 00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:15,200 Speaker 1: crap out of Darwin was like, yeah, because a lot 408 00:24:15,240 --> 00:24:19,160 Speaker 1: it was, Mama, there's a lot of the same same 409 00:24:19,200 --> 00:24:21,720 Speaker 1: ideas as he had. So what it did was it 410 00:24:21,760 --> 00:24:27,640 Speaker 1: caused him to basically rewrite his voluminous work and pare 411 00:24:27,680 --> 00:24:31,280 Speaker 1: it down the armor it with sturdier armor over the 412 00:24:31,280 --> 00:24:34,240 Speaker 1: next thirteen months. It's smart, very smart. I mean you 413 00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:35,960 Speaker 1: could say for him that that was a stroke of 414 00:24:36,040 --> 00:24:37,840 Speaker 1: luck that that was published and he read it and 415 00:24:37,880 --> 00:24:39,879 Speaker 1: saw what happened to total stroke of luck. He might 416 00:24:39,920 --> 00:24:43,080 Speaker 1: have been laughed out of existence if he had gotten 417 00:24:43,119 --> 00:24:46,520 Speaker 1: there first. So he he goes back, redoubles his efforts, 418 00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:52,000 Speaker 1: strengthens his argument um, and again he's combatting not just 419 00:24:52,160 --> 00:24:55,639 Speaker 1: the i the religious ideals of the time, but the 420 00:24:55,680 --> 00:24:59,080 Speaker 1: religious ideals of science. Yeah, like most scientists at the 421 00:24:59,119 --> 00:25:03,439 Speaker 1: time were aist when Dais believed that God created the 422 00:25:03,560 --> 00:25:07,800 Speaker 1: universe basically like a clockmaker makes a clock, wounded up 423 00:25:08,119 --> 00:25:10,560 Speaker 1: and walked away like see you later, good luck with everything. 424 00:25:10,600 --> 00:25:13,240 Speaker 1: And then anything that happened as a result after that 425 00:25:13,600 --> 00:25:17,320 Speaker 1: was the results of the mechanations of this clock and 426 00:25:17,359 --> 00:25:25,919 Speaker 1: there was a theory that was fairly well accepted called catastrophism, Yes, 427 00:25:26,480 --> 00:25:30,400 Speaker 1: and that basically sought to account fossils, because fossils were 428 00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:36,480 Speaker 1: a big sticking point. Why were there clearly extinct animals 429 00:25:36,480 --> 00:25:38,800 Speaker 1: that had lived before there's fossils, we have them in 430 00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:43,640 Speaker 1: our hands. Why do these kind of resemble the things 431 00:25:43,680 --> 00:25:48,480 Speaker 1: that are alive today. That doesn't make any sense. Well, 432 00:25:48,840 --> 00:25:53,400 Speaker 1: catastrophism um who which was suggested by a guy named 433 00:25:53,400 --> 00:26:00,600 Speaker 1: George Cuvier, And Cuvier said that catastrophism, which one I 434 00:26:00,680 --> 00:26:08,840 Speaker 1: like the second one catastrophism. Catastrophism, uh says that something happens, volcanoes, floods, pestilence, 435 00:26:09,600 --> 00:26:13,040 Speaker 1: something very biblical happens, and a species dies out in 436 00:26:13,040 --> 00:26:15,720 Speaker 1: an area and a new species comes in and fills 437 00:26:15,720 --> 00:26:18,000 Speaker 1: it in, and maybe that species just from living in 438 00:26:18,040 --> 00:26:23,800 Speaker 1: proximity was similar. Uh. And they that that explains why 439 00:26:23,920 --> 00:26:27,040 Speaker 1: some are extinct and some are now here. I would 440 00:26:27,080 --> 00:26:30,920 Speaker 1: also call that coincidences. M. Yeah, it's another way to 441 00:26:30,960 --> 00:26:33,639 Speaker 1: put it as another pronunciation. But it wasn't like super 442 00:26:34,200 --> 00:26:37,280 Speaker 1: science based, right, but this is these like these, This 443 00:26:37,400 --> 00:26:41,720 Speaker 1: was a well respected scientists, um, and this was the 444 00:26:41,760 --> 00:26:45,400 Speaker 1: prevailing thought at the time that creationism and the natural 445 00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:49,119 Speaker 1: scientists went hand in hand. Creationism was the basis for it, 446 00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:52,600 Speaker 1: and Darwin is about to say, you know that basis 447 00:26:52,640 --> 00:26:56,080 Speaker 1: that everybody's built science on for the last several centuries. 448 00:26:56,520 --> 00:26:59,440 Speaker 1: It's not that's that doesn't hold water. And then he 449 00:26:59,520 --> 00:27:03,640 Speaker 1: went through up again and again apparently throw a lot. Yeah, 450 00:27:03,680 --> 00:27:06,680 Speaker 1: when his when on the Origin of the Species came 451 00:27:06,680 --> 00:27:09,480 Speaker 1: out in eighteen fifty nine, he was at a spa 452 00:27:10,119 --> 00:27:13,320 Speaker 1: um recovering from bouts of KNOWLEDGEA so, yeah, he was 453 00:27:13,359 --> 00:27:16,000 Speaker 1: all thrown up. I feel bad for the guy. Sure, 454 00:27:16,080 --> 00:27:18,240 Speaker 1: he was just racked with anxiety his entire life, but 455 00:27:18,320 --> 00:27:21,680 Speaker 1: imagine that. Imagine being racked with anxiety and still going 456 00:27:21,760 --> 00:27:26,800 Speaker 1: to it. It's pretty impressive. Uh So. Previous to its publication, 457 00:27:26,880 --> 00:27:30,760 Speaker 1: another important thing happened. Um we mentioned earlier Alfred Russell Wallace. 458 00:27:31,359 --> 00:27:37,000 Speaker 1: He was a fellow Englishman and specimen collector, and he 459 00:27:38,359 --> 00:27:43,679 Speaker 1: basically wrote almost exactly the same thing that Darwin had 460 00:27:43,680 --> 00:27:49,679 Speaker 1: been working on, sent it to Darwin, and um people 461 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:52,680 Speaker 1: urged them both to present their works at something called 462 00:27:52,680 --> 00:27:57,399 Speaker 1: the Linnaean Society in eight They did so together as 463 00:27:57,440 --> 00:28:01,720 Speaker 1: a team. But um, it wasn't it didn't kinda make 464 00:28:01,800 --> 00:28:04,120 Speaker 1: much of a splash at the time. It wasn't until 465 00:28:04,119 --> 00:28:08,639 Speaker 1: he officially published his work that you know made the splash, right. 466 00:28:08,680 --> 00:28:12,840 Speaker 1: And Alfred Um, Alfred Russell Wallace actually was the impetus 467 00:28:12,920 --> 00:28:17,439 Speaker 1: for him to publish Um Origin of the Species. He 468 00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:21,560 Speaker 1: he'd been sitting there dawdling, waiting, waiting, waiting, procrastinating. Um. 469 00:28:21,800 --> 00:28:25,760 Speaker 1: Not long and um. He got a letter from Wallace, 470 00:28:25,800 --> 00:28:29,679 Speaker 1: like you said, and he realized, holy cow, Wallace has 471 00:28:29,720 --> 00:28:31,960 Speaker 1: come up with the same thing. I've been working on 472 00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:36,560 Speaker 1: this for thirty years. I'm I'm not gonna forget that. 473 00:28:36,680 --> 00:28:40,040 Speaker 1: Forgive my anxiety. I'm just publishing this puppy. And uh. 474 00:28:40,120 --> 00:28:44,160 Speaker 1: He he did, and it came out in eighteen fifty nine. Um, 475 00:28:44,240 --> 00:28:52,160 Speaker 1: and he was hailed as a villain and a genius, 476 00:28:52,800 --> 00:28:55,440 Speaker 1: depending on who you spoke to. And let's talk about 477 00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:58,360 Speaker 1: the Origin of Species and what it says and what 478 00:28:58,480 --> 00:29:03,080 Speaker 1: natural selection means, Chuck Um. First of all, the official 479 00:29:03,120 --> 00:29:06,360 Speaker 1: title of the book is on the Origin of Species 480 00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:10,440 Speaker 1: by means of natural selection or the preservation of favorite racism, 481 00:29:10,440 --> 00:29:13,400 Speaker 1: the Struggle for life. And that's why everybody calls the 482 00:29:13,480 --> 00:29:18,160 Speaker 1: Origin of Species. Because it's long and wordy, but what 483 00:29:18,200 --> 00:29:25,200 Speaker 1: it basically says is that um species adapt. They adapt 484 00:29:25,240 --> 00:29:30,400 Speaker 1: due to population pressure, they adapt through competition with one 485 00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:35,960 Speaker 1: another between species inside species. UM that when you see 486 00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:39,880 Speaker 1: like slightly different traits, individual traits to be expected, but 487 00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:43,720 Speaker 1: those individual traits can ultimately lead to a new species 488 00:29:43,720 --> 00:29:48,960 Speaker 1: on a long enough time table if those traits make 489 00:29:49,120 --> 00:29:54,440 Speaker 1: their their increase their chance of surviving to reproduction age, 490 00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:59,680 Speaker 1: and enhance their ability to reproduce. Yeah right, and if 491 00:29:59,680 --> 00:30:02,080 Speaker 1: you if don't, if you aren't good at that, then 492 00:30:02,080 --> 00:30:05,680 Speaker 1: you go bye bye. Right, And this explains why some 493 00:30:05,760 --> 00:30:09,000 Speaker 1: species are extinct, why the ones that are here today 494 00:30:09,040 --> 00:30:12,800 Speaker 1: are the winners. And chillingly that all this is still 495 00:30:12,840 --> 00:30:16,280 Speaker 1: going on. It's very very slow, so we can't see 496 00:30:16,320 --> 00:30:20,920 Speaker 1: it happens on a glacial time scale, our geologic time scale, 497 00:30:21,320 --> 00:30:24,760 Speaker 1: but it's still going on. And here's proof. The thing 498 00:30:24,800 --> 00:30:27,000 Speaker 1: that he doesn't come out in state, But that wasn't 499 00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:30,800 Speaker 1: lost on the Victorians, especially the religious victorians, is that 500 00:30:31,680 --> 00:30:36,080 Speaker 1: inherent in that argument is that man, the king of 501 00:30:36,120 --> 00:30:40,400 Speaker 1: the world, is nothing more than an animal that evolved 502 00:30:40,440 --> 00:30:43,280 Speaker 1: from who knows what. Yeah he I bet, I bet 503 00:30:43,320 --> 00:30:45,640 Speaker 1: He threaded over that so much because he believed it, 504 00:30:45,680 --> 00:30:48,480 Speaker 1: but I think there are only two mentions of mankind 505 00:30:49,160 --> 00:30:52,880 Speaker 1: in the entire work, but the implications were clear, Like 506 00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:54,920 Speaker 1: the public at large may not have been wise to 507 00:30:54,960 --> 00:30:57,720 Speaker 1: it at first, but scientists were like, wait a minute, 508 00:30:57,920 --> 00:31:01,440 Speaker 1: are you saying that we came from apes? He's like, 509 00:31:01,480 --> 00:31:06,000 Speaker 1: I'm at a spa recovering from I can't be reached. Um. 510 00:31:06,040 --> 00:31:10,240 Speaker 1: But yeah, he definitely skirted around coming out and saying 511 00:31:10,280 --> 00:31:13,640 Speaker 1: that upfront in plain English. Yeah, and it caused like 512 00:31:13,680 --> 00:31:16,400 Speaker 1: he said, a poop storm. Yeah, And I guess we 513 00:31:16,440 --> 00:31:20,360 Speaker 1: should say Russell Wallace was he's been sort of lost 514 00:31:20,400 --> 00:31:23,720 Speaker 1: to history as far as you know what most people know. Um. Yeah, 515 00:31:23,720 --> 00:31:26,120 Speaker 1: it's sad. It is sad because he was a smart guy, 516 00:31:26,200 --> 00:31:30,520 Speaker 1: but he wasn't. He had no standing, um like Darwin did. 517 00:31:30,760 --> 00:31:32,720 Speaker 1: And that's kind of one of the reasons he was 518 00:31:32,760 --> 00:31:35,200 Speaker 1: forgotten to history, right he Um, he was out in 519 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:37,080 Speaker 1: the field. He was he seemed to be happiest out 520 00:31:37,120 --> 00:31:41,720 Speaker 1: in the field. After this um this theory was introduced. Um, 521 00:31:41,800 --> 00:31:48,800 Speaker 1: he retreated back to the Melee Peninsula to collect um specimens. Yeah, 522 00:31:48,800 --> 00:31:51,640 Speaker 1: but he would sell them, which kind of degraded his standing, 523 00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:54,240 Speaker 1: I think, right, just but he was using those funds 524 00:31:54,280 --> 00:31:57,520 Speaker 1: to further fund more scientific exploration. You know, it's not 525 00:31:57,640 --> 00:32:00,480 Speaker 1: like he was funding his opium habit or not. But 526 00:32:00,520 --> 00:32:02,160 Speaker 1: the point is Darwin didn't need to sell it, so 527 00:32:02,240 --> 00:32:04,160 Speaker 1: I think he was. People were like, well, this guy's 528 00:32:04,160 --> 00:32:06,920 Speaker 1: collecting species and selling them. He's a merchant, right, exactly, 529 00:32:06,960 --> 00:32:11,440 Speaker 1: That's exactly right. And regardless of whether Wallace um Russell 530 00:32:11,600 --> 00:32:15,040 Speaker 1: was a you know, a great scientist or not, it 531 00:32:15,080 --> 00:32:17,520 Speaker 1: didn't matter. If you put these two men and their 532 00:32:17,560 --> 00:32:20,360 Speaker 1: theories were exactly equal, but one was of higher social 533 00:32:20,400 --> 00:32:23,760 Speaker 1: standing and greater wealth, well that guy won, and that 534 00:32:23,840 --> 00:32:28,680 Speaker 1: was Darwin. Um. So Darwin became he will, exactly under 535 00:32:29,040 --> 00:32:34,120 Speaker 1: Victorian aristocracy rules, but he became the again, the rallying point, 536 00:32:34,160 --> 00:32:37,080 Speaker 1: the fulcrum, the center of the universe in this new 537 00:32:37,120 --> 00:32:42,880 Speaker 1: debate that he unleashed between creationism and evolution that's still 538 00:32:42,920 --> 00:32:46,280 Speaker 1: going on today literally not today, but a couple of 539 00:32:46,280 --> 00:32:51,800 Speaker 1: weeks ago, right, so almost literally. Um, And he didn't 540 00:32:51,840 --> 00:32:53,920 Speaker 1: like that at all. So what he said was, you 541 00:32:53,920 --> 00:32:57,480 Speaker 1: know what, you guys talked this over, I'm gonna go 542 00:32:57,560 --> 00:33:01,680 Speaker 1: hit and hit the spa and throw up do what 543 00:33:01,760 --> 00:33:04,040 Speaker 1: you want with it, right, I'm going away. I've got 544 00:33:04,080 --> 00:33:06,720 Speaker 1: a lawn to not moo. But lucky for him, he 545 00:33:06,760 --> 00:33:09,200 Speaker 1: had a lot of supporters, like right out of the game, yeah, 546 00:33:09,320 --> 00:33:12,720 Speaker 1: he had he had both. He had um supporters scientists 547 00:33:12,760 --> 00:33:17,200 Speaker 1: that I think some wanted I wanted to say this 548 00:33:17,240 --> 00:33:19,880 Speaker 1: stuff all along, and now that they had such a 549 00:33:20,360 --> 00:33:24,160 Speaker 1: like wonderful, concise and well researched piece of work to 550 00:33:24,200 --> 00:33:26,600 Speaker 1: back them up, they came out of the woodwork and like, yeah, 551 00:33:27,400 --> 00:33:30,640 Speaker 1: see this is great. But some people weren't. In fact, 552 00:33:30,640 --> 00:33:33,720 Speaker 1: I think I can't remember the guy's name. Someone he 553 00:33:33,800 --> 00:33:38,400 Speaker 1: really respected and his wife really respected, basically slammed him 554 00:33:38,520 --> 00:33:44,200 Speaker 1: in called it heresy, and that was really impactful. Again 555 00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:47,080 Speaker 1: more anxiety, well yeah, more throwing up. And there was 556 00:33:47,120 --> 00:33:48,880 Speaker 1: a lot of name calling. There was a lot of 557 00:33:48,880 --> 00:33:53,920 Speaker 1: political cartoons that were unflattering, um, and unflattering for the 558 00:33:54,040 --> 00:33:56,640 Speaker 1: Victorian Nates so basically his head on a monkey or 559 00:33:56,680 --> 00:34:01,000 Speaker 1: something like that. Um. But he while he had his detractors, 560 00:34:01,000 --> 00:34:02,480 Speaker 1: he had his supporters. And there was one guy in 561 00:34:02,480 --> 00:34:06,720 Speaker 1: particular named Thomas Huxley, and he was I believe the 562 00:34:06,800 --> 00:34:11,000 Speaker 1: grandfather of Algius Huxley. Uh huh and um. Sometimes you'll 563 00:34:11,080 --> 00:34:15,800 Speaker 1: if you see Darwin's theory mentioned, you'll see the Darwin 564 00:34:15,880 --> 00:34:22,680 Speaker 1: slash Huxley theory. Because Huxley UM basically was a religious man, 565 00:34:23,640 --> 00:34:29,400 Speaker 1: and Darwin, I think firsthand, not just through the origin 566 00:34:29,440 --> 00:34:32,279 Speaker 1: the species, but through the correspondence as well, convinced him 567 00:34:32,320 --> 00:34:36,839 Speaker 1: like no, dude, natural selection is actually right, and very ironically, 568 00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:39,960 Speaker 1: just like uh, Saul converting to Paul on the Road 569 00:34:39,960 --> 00:34:44,520 Speaker 1: to Damascus, Huxley converts from a religious fervent to a 570 00:34:44,600 --> 00:34:52,720 Speaker 1: natural selection and he just takes it with religious selotry 571 00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:56,400 Speaker 1: and starts taking on anybody he can in debate, writing 572 00:34:56,440 --> 00:35:00,120 Speaker 1: any article he can and defending not just darw and 573 00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:04,080 Speaker 1: but his theory as well. And it came so much 574 00:35:04,120 --> 00:35:06,400 Speaker 1: so that he came to be known as Darwin's bulldog. 575 00:35:07,000 --> 00:35:09,959 Speaker 1: And he actually coined the term agnostic. Oh really, Yeah, 576 00:35:10,000 --> 00:35:12,319 Speaker 1: he was the one that coined that term to differentiate 577 00:35:12,360 --> 00:35:15,360 Speaker 1: people like himself who was who were still believers in 578 00:35:15,400 --> 00:35:19,600 Speaker 1: God but also fervent believers in UM in natural selection 579 00:35:19,640 --> 00:35:23,160 Speaker 1: as well. Yeah. That's pretty cool. So that wasn't the 580 00:35:23,200 --> 00:35:25,640 Speaker 1: only thing he wrote that was his life's work, for sure, 581 00:35:25,800 --> 00:35:29,240 Speaker 1: But he wrote UM eleven more, published eleven more times 582 00:35:29,239 --> 00:35:33,319 Speaker 1: before two uh, and then finally in nineteen seventy three, 583 00:35:34,120 --> 00:35:36,759 Speaker 1: which is pretty old for someone who was in such 584 00:35:36,840 --> 00:35:41,080 Speaker 1: ill health as entire life. Heart heart attack finally got him. Yeah, 585 00:35:41,400 --> 00:35:44,360 Speaker 1: it's very sad, it is. But he lived a good, long, 586 00:35:44,920 --> 00:35:48,920 Speaker 1: nauseated life. You know. That's a good point. So I 587 00:35:48,920 --> 00:35:52,200 Speaker 1: guess we should talk a little bit about his legacy, right, Yeah, 588 00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:54,160 Speaker 1: you did that kind of work. He pass away, you're 589 00:35:54,160 --> 00:35:57,160 Speaker 1: gonna have a legacy. They name a city in Australia 590 00:35:57,200 --> 00:36:01,160 Speaker 1: after you. Really, I believe it's dar in Australia. Please, guy, 591 00:36:01,280 --> 00:36:05,320 Speaker 1: don't let it be New Zealand. Do you want to look? No? Okay, 592 00:36:05,760 --> 00:36:08,480 Speaker 1: I'm I'm I'm feeling like a gambling man today got you? 593 00:36:09,280 --> 00:36:13,200 Speaker 1: Uh So his influence um from then on and continues 594 00:36:13,239 --> 00:36:17,680 Speaker 1: to be today. Uh Lamb calls it rightfully, so a 595 00:36:17,680 --> 00:36:20,879 Speaker 1: paradigm shift in science, society and literature. Like it can't 596 00:36:20,880 --> 00:36:23,759 Speaker 1: be understated. It was a game changer for kind of 597 00:36:23,800 --> 00:36:26,680 Speaker 1: everything and the way things went. You're on one side 598 00:36:26,760 --> 00:36:30,680 Speaker 1: or the other. It's like meo water, it changes everything. 599 00:36:31,040 --> 00:36:34,080 Speaker 1: What's that you haven't seen the ad for? Like the 600 00:36:34,120 --> 00:36:37,080 Speaker 1: little droplets of flavoring you can add to your water. 601 00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:40,520 Speaker 1: I've seen that. So you haven't seen the ad where 602 00:36:40,520 --> 00:36:42,520 Speaker 1: the guys in the office talking and like as you 603 00:36:42,680 --> 00:36:45,640 Speaker 1: as they cut back and forth, everything keeps changing because 604 00:36:45,640 --> 00:36:48,560 Speaker 1: they're adding meal. Oh it's one of the better adds around. 605 00:36:49,000 --> 00:36:53,239 Speaker 1: And you know me, I'm an ad aficionado. That's true. Well, 606 00:36:53,280 --> 00:36:56,799 Speaker 1: one thing we can um point to is that, uh, 607 00:36:57,520 --> 00:37:03,920 Speaker 1: Herbert Spencer, he was a sociologist after Darwin applied Darwinism 608 00:37:03,960 --> 00:37:08,719 Speaker 1: to sociology in the form of social Darwinism a k A. 609 00:37:08,800 --> 00:37:13,360 Speaker 1: Survival of the fittest, which it didn't bastardize it, but 610 00:37:13,400 --> 00:37:16,600 Speaker 1: it definitely he definitely used it for his own purposes 611 00:37:16,640 --> 00:37:20,840 Speaker 1: to say that, uh, you know what, the week, we 612 00:37:20,880 --> 00:37:23,600 Speaker 1: shouldn't even worry about the week. If we want to 613 00:37:23,600 --> 00:37:27,000 Speaker 1: be a strong mankind, then let the week die out. Well, 614 00:37:27,000 --> 00:37:31,359 Speaker 1: you know, so, um, this sociologist that came up with 615 00:37:31,400 --> 00:37:35,040 Speaker 1: this idea of social Darwinism, Herbert Spencer, that's a very 616 00:37:35,080 --> 00:37:42,360 Speaker 1: Mauthusian view of humanity and um nature, because Mauthis was 617 00:37:42,400 --> 00:37:44,920 Speaker 1: basically saying, like, look, man, we take care of the 618 00:37:44,920 --> 00:37:48,239 Speaker 1: poor and everything, but if we do that, we're interfering 619 00:37:48,440 --> 00:37:52,200 Speaker 1: with nature and we're gonna end up over burdening the 620 00:37:52,280 --> 00:37:56,200 Speaker 1: population because population is gonna grow geometrically and we're not 621 00:37:56,239 --> 00:37:59,160 Speaker 1: going to be able to support ourselves and society is 622 00:37:59,160 --> 00:38:01,800 Speaker 1: going to collapse. Yeah, that was what Mauthis was saying. 623 00:38:01,920 --> 00:38:05,880 Speaker 1: This guy said, yeah, Yeah, it's weird that Darwin was 624 00:38:05,880 --> 00:38:08,600 Speaker 1: in the middle of kind of both book ended by 625 00:38:08,640 --> 00:38:11,400 Speaker 1: these two. And I think it really just you can 626 00:38:11,480 --> 00:38:13,480 Speaker 1: kind of say, like it really just kind of he 627 00:38:13,560 --> 00:38:16,520 Speaker 1: was lacking a bit of evil, where if he had 628 00:38:16,520 --> 00:38:18,279 Speaker 1: been a little more evil maybe he would have come 629 00:38:18,320 --> 00:38:21,960 Speaker 1: up with social Darwinism himself. Um, but he didn't. Herbert 630 00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:25,000 Speaker 1: Spencer did, and it kind of took off like a rocket, 631 00:38:25,280 --> 00:38:27,359 Speaker 1: this idea like yeah, wait a minute, wait a minute, 632 00:38:27,360 --> 00:38:29,480 Speaker 1: wait a minute, we don't need to pay taxes anymore, 633 00:38:29,920 --> 00:38:32,200 Speaker 1: we don't need to tithe. We can just you know, 634 00:38:32,640 --> 00:38:35,360 Speaker 1: let the poor die in the streets. It's social Darwinism, 635 00:38:35,400 --> 00:38:37,800 Speaker 1: survival of the fittest. We don't have to feel guilt 636 00:38:38,200 --> 00:38:41,040 Speaker 1: for not taking care of these other people any longer. 637 00:38:41,520 --> 00:38:43,799 Speaker 1: The survival of this they weren't meant to be. And 638 00:38:43,840 --> 00:38:50,359 Speaker 1: basically they replaced God's will with nature's will in there 639 00:38:50,480 --> 00:38:55,000 Speaker 1: the in explaining the cruelty of the world, you know, 640 00:38:55,800 --> 00:38:58,920 Speaker 1: and um, like I said, it took off. It became 641 00:38:58,960 --> 00:39:03,880 Speaker 1: what what uh we call the eugenics movement very quickly. Yeah, 642 00:39:03,920 --> 00:39:06,640 Speaker 1: which was the idea that the government would actually get 643 00:39:06,640 --> 00:39:12,560 Speaker 1: involved in weeding out the weaker uh parts of society. Yeah, 644 00:39:12,560 --> 00:39:14,880 Speaker 1: because you don't have to wait around for revolution to 645 00:39:14,920 --> 00:39:17,200 Speaker 1: do this. We can speed it up by picking out 646 00:39:17,280 --> 00:39:20,520 Speaker 1: the weakest and and exterminating them, or at the very 647 00:39:20,600 --> 00:39:25,120 Speaker 1: least letting them exterminate themselves by only breeding. Uh. You know, 648 00:39:25,320 --> 00:39:30,080 Speaker 1: the the Boys from Brazil. Yeah, I finally saw half 649 00:39:30,120 --> 00:39:33,000 Speaker 1: of that movie. I can't tell you how surprised I 650 00:39:33,080 --> 00:39:37,319 Speaker 1: was there. Surprised I was to see Steve Guttenberg. Oh 651 00:39:37,360 --> 00:39:39,040 Speaker 1: Goods was one of the kids, wouldn't he He was 652 00:39:39,080 --> 00:39:42,120 Speaker 1: like the first one. Yeah, yeah, godd I forgot about that. 653 00:39:42,320 --> 00:39:43,839 Speaker 1: Oh wait a minute, he was one of the kids 654 00:39:43,840 --> 00:39:46,799 Speaker 1: from the experiment. No, he wasn't. He was like the journalist. 655 00:39:47,480 --> 00:39:49,520 Speaker 1: It's like blowing the cover off of this whole thing. 656 00:39:50,320 --> 00:39:52,520 Speaker 1: I haven't seen him a long time. Yeah, I know. 657 00:39:52,560 --> 00:39:56,279 Speaker 1: It's creepy though. So Yeah. Possibly gave birth to eugenics, 658 00:39:56,320 --> 00:40:00,359 Speaker 1: which we should say obviously, Um, the Nazis loved, and 659 00:40:00,400 --> 00:40:06,480 Speaker 1: they used that to rationalize the extermination of the Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, epileptics, 660 00:40:06,480 --> 00:40:11,760 Speaker 1: the mentally handicapped, the blind, everybody, Um, guys who smelled 661 00:40:11,760 --> 00:40:15,920 Speaker 1: like me. Yeah, it would have been in big trouble. Um. 662 00:40:15,960 --> 00:40:22,799 Speaker 1: But prior to the Nazis doing this, Uh, the United States, Indiana, Georgia, 663 00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:28,120 Speaker 1: all sorts of other states forced sterilization on uh people 664 00:40:28,960 --> 00:40:35,080 Speaker 1: of similar stature. Um. And actually Adolf Hitler, Well, Germany 665 00:40:35,120 --> 00:40:38,360 Speaker 1: had its own sterilization program as well. But Adolf Hitler 666 00:40:38,440 --> 00:40:40,680 Speaker 1: was apparently well aware of what was going on in 667 00:40:40,719 --> 00:40:43,600 Speaker 1: America and um was a pretty big fan of it. 668 00:40:43,840 --> 00:40:46,120 Speaker 1: And if, um, you don't believe me, go back and 669 00:40:46,200 --> 00:40:51,520 Speaker 1: listen to our episode. Um, is it legal to sterilize addicts? 670 00:40:52,080 --> 00:40:56,360 Speaker 1: Because it's still going on today? Yeah? So what about 671 00:40:56,360 --> 00:40:58,600 Speaker 1: this deathbed recan have you ever heard that? I have? 672 00:40:59,600 --> 00:41:04,400 Speaker 1: Not true? Apparently so, he supposedly said on his deathbed, basically, 673 00:41:05,080 --> 00:41:07,799 Speaker 1: I take it all back. Yeah, I wish I hadn't 674 00:41:07,800 --> 00:41:11,000 Speaker 1: e ever said this. It's not true. You know, God 675 00:41:11,120 --> 00:41:14,160 Speaker 1: is God is good. God's the one. And a woman 676 00:41:14,320 --> 00:41:19,360 Speaker 1: from New England named Lady Hope claimed that she was 677 00:41:19,400 --> 00:41:24,440 Speaker 1: there and took this confession and his both his daughter 678 00:41:24,560 --> 00:41:26,959 Speaker 1: and his son, who were both at his side while 679 00:41:27,000 --> 00:41:30,160 Speaker 1: he died. He said, this lady was not at his deathbed. 680 00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:33,480 Speaker 1: She never came to our house. Uh, and she had 681 00:41:33,520 --> 00:41:36,960 Speaker 1: absolutely no influence on our father's way of looking or 682 00:41:37,040 --> 00:41:40,759 Speaker 1: judgment or opinions at all. He never recanted to the end. 683 00:41:40,840 --> 00:41:45,040 Speaker 1: He was an ardent supporter of natural selection. Yeah, that's 684 00:41:45,040 --> 00:41:48,040 Speaker 1: a pretty good idea, though, if you're a creationist, well, 685 00:41:48,080 --> 00:41:50,880 Speaker 1: I mean to make up that story. The father of 686 00:41:50,920 --> 00:41:53,600 Speaker 1: evolution even changed his mind on his deathbed. If you 687 00:41:53,640 --> 00:41:57,520 Speaker 1: look up today on the internet, like, um, I think 688 00:41:57,640 --> 00:42:01,560 Speaker 1: darwin deathbed even will bring up like creationist website after 689 00:42:01,600 --> 00:42:05,759 Speaker 1: creationist website that use it to support their claims. Oh really, 690 00:42:06,640 --> 00:42:10,839 Speaker 1: but it's bunk. It's it was debunked right afterwards. And chuck, 691 00:42:10,920 --> 00:42:14,000 Speaker 1: let me say one more thing about social Darwinism. Um. 692 00:42:14,160 --> 00:42:18,080 Speaker 1: This idea, although in a very cold calculated sense it 693 00:42:18,160 --> 00:42:24,759 Speaker 1: might make sense, it doesn't appear in humanity's history. In fact, 694 00:42:24,760 --> 00:42:28,239 Speaker 1: there's evidence UM from up to five thousand years ago 695 00:42:28,800 --> 00:42:34,040 Speaker 1: of severely disabled people fossils, their fossils, their remains being 696 00:42:34,040 --> 00:42:38,000 Speaker 1: found UM where they could not possibly have lived to 697 00:42:38,040 --> 00:42:40,200 Speaker 1: the age they lived to without being cared for by 698 00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:43,600 Speaker 1: their community. So this idea that you know, in a 699 00:42:43,640 --> 00:42:47,000 Speaker 1: more primitive state. We just you know, left people to 700 00:42:47,600 --> 00:42:50,120 Speaker 1: to die out in the weather because they couldn't keep up. 701 00:42:50,600 --> 00:42:54,480 Speaker 1: It doesn't hold water. Yeah, it's very comforting that. So 702 00:42:54,520 --> 00:42:57,480 Speaker 1: that means we were innately have compassion as a species. 703 00:42:58,800 --> 00:43:01,279 Speaker 1: I would guess that. Yeah, that's what I like. I 704 00:43:01,280 --> 00:43:03,840 Speaker 1: think it's one of the things that makes us human, agreed, 705 00:43:04,160 --> 00:43:09,920 Speaker 1: But not just us. No other species have compassion, So um, 706 00:43:09,920 --> 00:43:12,000 Speaker 1: maybe we should. Uh, why don't you play us out 707 00:43:12,040 --> 00:43:16,919 Speaker 1: with a little bit of Darwin Man. Yeah, the last 708 00:43:16,920 --> 00:43:19,600 Speaker 1: paragraph of the Origin of the Species, to me, is 709 00:43:19,600 --> 00:43:21,400 Speaker 1: one of the most beautiful things I ever written, So 710 00:43:21,480 --> 00:43:24,960 Speaker 1: I'm gonna read it. It is interesting to contemplate an 711 00:43:25,080 --> 00:43:28,439 Speaker 1: entangled bank, and he's talking about his home in Kent 712 00:43:29,120 --> 00:43:32,960 Speaker 1: that pats of grass. Well, now all of it. Uh, 713 00:43:33,040 --> 00:43:36,160 Speaker 1: It is interesting to contemplate and entangled bank clothed with 714 00:43:36,200 --> 00:43:38,880 Speaker 1: many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, 715 00:43:39,440 --> 00:43:42,799 Speaker 1: with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through 716 00:43:42,800 --> 00:43:47,040 Speaker 1: the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, 717 00:43:47,040 --> 00:43:49,359 Speaker 1: so different from each other and dependent on each other 718 00:43:49,800 --> 00:43:52,440 Speaker 1: in so complex of manner, have all been produced by 719 00:43:52,520 --> 00:43:55,920 Speaker 1: laws acting around us. These laws taken in the largest sense, 720 00:43:56,360 --> 00:44:00,239 Speaker 1: being growth with reproduction inheritance, which is almost implied by 721 00:44:00,239 --> 00:44:03,960 Speaker 1: reproduction variability, from the indirect and direct action of the 722 00:44:03,960 --> 00:44:07,640 Speaker 1: external conditions of life, and from use and disuse. A 723 00:44:07,800 --> 00:44:10,520 Speaker 1: ratio of increase so high is to lead to a 724 00:44:10,560 --> 00:44:13,840 Speaker 1: struggle for life, and as a consequence to natural selection, 725 00:44:14,400 --> 00:44:19,720 Speaker 1: entailing divergence of character and the extinction of less improved forms. Thus, 726 00:44:19,840 --> 00:44:22,120 Speaker 1: from the war of nature, from famine and death, the 727 00:44:22,160 --> 00:44:25,720 Speaker 1: most exalted object which we are capable of conceiving, namely 728 00:44:26,080 --> 00:44:29,600 Speaker 1: the production of the higher animals, directly follows Uh. There 729 00:44:29,680 --> 00:44:32,360 Speaker 1: is grandeur in this view of life, with its several 730 00:44:32,400 --> 00:44:35,799 Speaker 1: powers having been originally breathed into a few forms, or 731 00:44:35,840 --> 00:44:38,399 Speaker 1: into one. That's where he's kind of skirting around things, 732 00:44:39,440 --> 00:44:43,080 Speaker 1: and that whilst this planet has gone cycling on according 733 00:44:43,120 --> 00:44:46,040 Speaker 1: to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning, 734 00:44:46,440 --> 00:44:50,160 Speaker 1: endless forms, most beautiful and most wonderful have been and 735 00:44:50,280 --> 00:44:56,640 Speaker 1: are being evolved. Good stuff, Chuck, not me, both of you. 736 00:44:58,320 --> 00:44:59,960 Speaker 1: I felt like it was in our Halloween. Up as 737 00:45:00,080 --> 00:45:03,200 Speaker 1: it again? Oh yeah, yeah, it was good. Chuck. Don't 738 00:45:03,239 --> 00:45:06,680 Speaker 1: think me, Chuck's I can just read you got anything else? 739 00:45:06,840 --> 00:45:08,480 Speaker 1: Got nothing else? I think that was a fine way 740 00:45:08,520 --> 00:45:10,600 Speaker 1: to end this one. Um, if you want to learn 741 00:45:10,600 --> 00:45:14,440 Speaker 1: more about Charles Darwin, the man uh and his ideas, 742 00:45:14,520 --> 00:45:17,560 Speaker 1: you can type Darwin into the search bar at how 743 00:45:17,600 --> 00:45:19,880 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. It should bring up a whole 744 00:45:19,960 --> 00:45:23,359 Speaker 1: bunch of articles, some of which we will record into podcasts. Yeah, 745 00:45:23,480 --> 00:45:25,719 Speaker 1: or that movie creation is really good, or if you're 746 00:45:25,719 --> 00:45:28,759 Speaker 1: in the documentaries, Um, there are tons of them. The 747 00:45:28,840 --> 00:45:31,200 Speaker 1: BBC has got like a dozen. Oh yeah, they love 748 00:45:31,360 --> 00:45:35,560 Speaker 1: him there sure. Uh Well, since I said uh, search bar, 749 00:45:35,840 --> 00:45:42,799 Speaker 1: I probably did, it's time for listening before the mail. 750 00:45:42,880 --> 00:45:45,880 Speaker 1: There's a quick correction. In our Kent State episode, we 751 00:45:46,560 --> 00:45:53,160 Speaker 1: said Mussolini had his brown shirts. Yeah they're the black shirts. Duh, No, biggie. 752 00:45:53,320 --> 00:45:55,640 Speaker 1: It's the presence of all color, not the presence of 753 00:45:55,680 --> 00:45:59,520 Speaker 1: some colors brownison, new black anyway? Is that right? Oranges? 754 00:46:00,800 --> 00:46:05,200 Speaker 1: All right? I'm gonna call this uh amputee uh ampt 755 00:46:06,960 --> 00:46:11,120 Speaker 1: like ampute comma ampute. Hey, guys, been listening for a 756 00:46:11,120 --> 00:46:12,800 Speaker 1: couple of years now and really enjoy it. As a 757 00:46:12,840 --> 00:46:15,560 Speaker 1: sixty year old woman who had to right leg amputated 758 00:46:15,600 --> 00:46:18,280 Speaker 1: above the knee in nineteen sixty nine due to cancer, 759 00:46:18,320 --> 00:46:21,680 Speaker 1: I was especially interested in that podcast. First, I want 760 00:46:21,680 --> 00:46:23,640 Speaker 1: to correct one off hand comment which he stated that 761 00:46:24,000 --> 00:46:26,359 Speaker 1: being an empt probably becomes the focus of your life, 762 00:46:27,000 --> 00:46:29,160 Speaker 1: not always. In my case, being an ampute did not 763 00:46:29,200 --> 00:46:33,160 Speaker 1: become the focus. In fact, occasionally friends forget that I 764 00:46:33,200 --> 00:46:37,120 Speaker 1: am an ampute. Now I consider it a compliment. Um. 765 00:46:37,160 --> 00:46:39,360 Speaker 1: As you said, life isn't over because the person becomes 766 00:46:39,360 --> 00:46:42,080 Speaker 1: an ampute. I was married for twenty years. I went 767 00:46:42,120 --> 00:46:45,000 Speaker 1: to graduate school for my master's degree in counseling psychology. 768 00:46:45,360 --> 00:46:48,360 Speaker 1: Now two wonderful grown children, worked from the age of 769 00:46:48,360 --> 00:46:50,719 Speaker 1: fourteen to fifty five, with time off for raising kids, 770 00:46:51,200 --> 00:46:53,319 Speaker 1: and attend to graduate school, and have been able to 771 00:46:53,360 --> 00:46:55,799 Speaker 1: travel quite a bit. I've been lucky not to have 772 00:46:55,840 --> 00:46:58,960 Speaker 1: experienced fan of pain. I have always had, and have 773 00:46:59,040 --> 00:47:02,120 Speaker 1: been told by my doctors will always have phantom feeling 774 00:47:02,160 --> 00:47:06,239 Speaker 1: though it feels I know, uh, it feels as though 775 00:47:06,239 --> 00:47:10,240 Speaker 1: my amputated leg is present but asleep, sort of a benign, 776 00:47:10,239 --> 00:47:14,399 Speaker 1: prickly feeling. The feeling quickly faded into the background, and 777 00:47:14,480 --> 00:47:16,560 Speaker 1: I only notice it now when I'm thinking about it. 778 00:47:17,480 --> 00:47:19,720 Speaker 1: You may be interested also to know that the artificial 779 00:47:19,800 --> 00:47:22,840 Speaker 1: leg I received in nineteen sixty nine was literally a 780 00:47:22,840 --> 00:47:26,239 Speaker 1: wooden leg from the knee down. I am now in 781 00:47:26,320 --> 00:47:30,200 Speaker 1: my fourth press prestesis. I thought she's gonna say, like 782 00:47:30,239 --> 00:47:34,239 Speaker 1: an old Bessie still with me? Not now. I'm now 783 00:47:34,239 --> 00:47:36,720 Speaker 1: on my fourth procesis and they get better and better. 784 00:47:36,800 --> 00:47:39,480 Speaker 1: My current leg is very high tech and impressive. It 785 00:47:39,560 --> 00:47:44,840 Speaker 1: can make coffee. That is from Denise. Uh slat slatting 786 00:47:44,920 --> 00:47:50,600 Speaker 1: grin awesome from Arcada, Arcata, California. Nice, not Arcadia. That's 787 00:47:50,640 --> 00:47:54,000 Speaker 1: northern California, A R C A T A. Thanks Denise. 788 00:47:54,000 --> 00:47:57,080 Speaker 1: She sounds like a very well adjusted person. Uh, and 789 00:47:57,239 --> 00:47:59,600 Speaker 1: we appreciate you writing in calling us out on that. 790 00:48:00,000 --> 00:48:01,680 Speaker 1: I hope you still have old Betty on the shelf 791 00:48:01,680 --> 00:48:04,839 Speaker 1: somewhere at least it's Betsy Chuck Betsy. Yeah, I would 792 00:48:04,920 --> 00:48:09,240 Speaker 1: keep it, just got it carved into this side, you know. Um. 793 00:48:09,360 --> 00:48:12,560 Speaker 1: Thanks for writing in, and if any of you out 794 00:48:12,640 --> 00:48:16,080 Speaker 1: there want to write in, share your story. We love 795 00:48:16,600 --> 00:48:19,440 Speaker 1: hearing them. We're pretty much like the central clearinghouse for 796 00:48:19,480 --> 00:48:23,160 Speaker 1: people's stories. So bring him to us. We will disseminate 797 00:48:23,200 --> 00:48:26,000 Speaker 1: them as best we can. You can hang out with 798 00:48:26,080 --> 00:48:29,319 Speaker 1: us on Twitter, s y s K podcast. You can 799 00:48:29,400 --> 00:48:32,200 Speaker 1: hang out with us on Facebook dot com slash stuff. 800 00:48:32,200 --> 00:48:34,960 Speaker 1: You should know you can send us an email to 801 00:48:35,120 --> 00:48:38,480 Speaker 1: Stuff Podcasts at Discovery dot com. Check out the Stuff 802 00:48:38,520 --> 00:48:42,240 Speaker 1: You Should Know Television Network on our YouTube channel Josh 803 00:48:42,239 --> 00:48:45,880 Speaker 1: and Chuck, and as always, hang out with us on 804 00:48:45,920 --> 00:48:49,040 Speaker 1: our home on the web, Stuff You Should Don't dot 805 00:48:49,239 --> 00:48:57,000 Speaker 1: count for more on this and thousands of other topics. 806 00:48:57,239 --> 00:49:05,000 Speaker 1: Is it how Stuff Works dot com